Podcast appearances and mentions of norman french

In this episode, we return to the Commons Chamber for day two of the Report Stage of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill — the Private Member's Bill proposing to legalise assisted dying in England and Wales – and another set of amendments, new clauses and votes. For the first time the supporters of the Bill lost a vote, on a new clause banning medical practitioners from raising the option of an assisted death with under-18s.__________Please help us improve Parliament Matters by completing our Listener Survey. It will only take a few minutes.__________ So, what does this mean for the Bill's chances? With day three of Report Stage now scheduled for Friday, 20 June, Parliament Matters' resident procedural expert Paul Evans joins Ruth and Mark to unpack what's happened so far — and what might be coming next. Is parliamentary support beginning to waver?They also look ahead to the Third Reading debate, and the quirky (and very real) parliamentary rituals that would follow if the Bill passes — involving a green ferret and some Norman French.Plus, MPs John McDonnell and Jeremy Corbyn complain after facing investigation for joining a pro-Palestinian demonstration. They claim the police said that MPs should be held to a higher legal standard than ordinary citizens – raising troubling constitutional questions. Could this be a case of using the law to intimidate parliamentarians? If so, what can and should be done?__________

Debbie Bateman is a wife, mother, and grandmother of 3 amazing boys.    She is also a daughter, sister, and an aunt of 18 nieces and nephews. Her heritage is English, Irish, Scottish, Cherokee, German Jewish, Norman French. In addition to serving in L'Chaim Pro Life ministry,  she leads Israeli and Messianic Dance in their community and is very involved with her congregation.

Good Sunday morning to you,Last week's thought piece on the inexorable rise of the Far Right has become my most read Substack ever. Check it out, if you haven't already.Today we continue on a similar theme.Enjoy!I'm currently working on a new book about gold, and, as gold often leads to war - or is it the other way round? - I've found myself reading rather a lot about conquerors and conquest. There are certain things all conquerors do, from invade to plunder to strip the conquered of their wealth, power, history and identity. What is so bizarre about today in Britain and Western Europe is that we are doing all these things to ourselves, voluntarily. Let me explain.As the armies of Alexander the Great marched east, overpowering all who stood in their way to form probably the first great empire the world had ever known and, in terms of land mass, one of the biggest (even to this day), the annihilation of the cultural identities of those they conquered soon followed. Locals were raped, pillaged, subjugated and enslaved. Coinage was a far more important tool of propaganda then than it is now, and Alexander had his armies confiscate gold and silver bullion everywhere they went; melt it down and then re-struck with Greek gods: Athena, goddess of wisdom and war; Nike, goddess of Victory; Zeus, god of power; and Heracles, god of strength, portrayed in the likeness of Alexander himself (at this point rulers had not yet started depicting their own heads). Conquered people quite literally had their own history and legend struck off. Alexander's coins meanwhile were standardised throughtout his empire.As well as “Romanizing” the Celts - imposing Roman language, law, custom and governance on them - the Romans actively persecuted Celtic druids and destroyed their sacred groves. After William I conquered Britain, he took Anglo-Saxon land and gave it to his cronies; he imposed heavy taxes, strict laws and a new kind of feudal system; he replaced Anglo-Saxon English with Norman French in the courts and other centres of rule; he made ecclesiastical changes to better control the church. Any kind of rebellion met with swift and ruthless repression. Even if 1,000 years later, World War Two was not so different. Both the Nazis and the Japanese did everything in their power to strip those they conquered of their cultural identity.As well as possession of land and confiscation of wealth, the annihilation of local history, myth, hero and legend has always been a tool of the conqueror, part of the suppression and subjugation that follows invasion.  Even today the US, not technically an empire and forever trying to distance itself from anything imperial, nevertheless controls much of the globe and its prime resource, oil, with its military. It also exports its culture in such a domineering way that everyone else confuses their own history with that of the US. Like its military, American cultural narratives dominate the world, and distort everybody else's. You would think, for example, that there had never been any slavery in history, except for that in America, in the 200 years from when the nation was formed to its outlawing in 1865, never mind that the British outlawed it 2 generations earlier. In fact, slavery has existed since before civilization began and still goes on today, with some 21 to 45 million trapped in it. In just seven years between 1938 and 1945, Germany enslaved a number equivalent to 400 years of Transatlantic Slave Trade. Include Japan and the number is double. American cultural narratives dominate.But here is what is so weird about what is happening today, under the rudderless leadership that is representative social democracy. In the past if you wanted to occupy the lands of other people, you would have to conquer them and take their lands by force. Today no such force is required. In fact, in Britain, Tony Blair actually legislated for it. So did Boris Johnson. Not only do we import our own invasion, we actually subsidise it. The £8 million a day spent housing illegal migrants in hotels is just one example of this.Once imported, we then start re-writing our own history or apologising for it; from positive discrimination in the media to invisible casting (for some but not all) we change of our stories to better represent these new people, both at the expense of the locals and opportunity for them and at the expense of truth.Here, for example, is what, according to the BBC, an English family in Roman Britain looked like. The latest nuts example from the BBC. The plague was clearly racist. With headlines like that, we satirists are being put out of a job.We all know about the anti-white middle-aged man narrative of recent years - pale, male and stale and all that - and the discrimination he now encounters when attempting to find work. We have all seen how the modern British family is represented in advertising: there is, it seems, no such thing as a non-multi-cultural family. The latest evolution is anti- young, blonde women. I know this because my partner works in advertising. There is now a widespread agenda not to have them in adverts.It is not even the immigrants to this country who are actively stripping us of our history and thus cultural identity (with a few exceptions). We are doing it to ourselves. I won't say voluntarily, because there are a lot of people who don't want this to happen, but such is the system of rule we have in place, with state-planned everything and the mindset of the state and most institutions dominated by one worldview, anyone who opposes may as well howl at the moon. A king would represent his people. He can make decisions quickly. His decisions, when they come, are acted upon. With representative democracy every decision is seemingly made with short-term headlines in mind, and rarely legacy. Decisions are often so contested the resulting legislation is watered down, or undermined by the Blob enacting it. Much of the time there is no decision at all because of the imagination required or the career risk of putting your head above the parapet. We are no longer one people with one common memory. We are a splodge, a mishmash of different cultural identities with, following the death of Christianity, no coherent ideology at its core beyond the new religions of climate change, multi-culturalism (whatever that means) and the NHS. It is a system bereft of thought for the future, bereft of strategy and long-term planning of any kind. The Victorians thought with legacy in mind. They built for the future. Today we do no such thing. We build with nothing in mind but short-term profit and the satisfaction of arbitrary building regulations. This will not change until we change our system of rule. The simplest, most bloodless way to do this is to change our systems of money and tax. You design a society the way you tax it. We must have independent money that no body has the power to create at no cost to itself. A non-bloodless alternative - in other words some kind of violent revolution - is not possible, because the state is armed and you, the citizen, are not. This mismatch dooms not just the UK but all of Western Europe. There will not be a revolution.What's more, the state - the police and the media especially - does not treat people equally, something former Home Secretary, Suella Braverman, articulated to her cost. So I fear for anyone who does revolt.Those who come here do not have the same history as us. They do not have the same experience or collective memory, the same shared values, the same background or the same heritage. Theirs may be superior. Theirs may be inferior. It does not matter. The point is they do not feel the same allegiance or the same loyalties. They do not have the same values or the same goals, nor should we expect them to. They do not come here to be British. They come here to seek their fortune. That is quite natural. That is what people do. That does not mean we need to sacrifice ourselves.We are doing the conquerors' job to ourselves.I sometimes think that China with its lofty ambitions of world dominance must look at the west, and, every time it is thinking of doing something, then think, “Actually no, we don't need to do anything here. The west is destroying itself by itself”. Keir Starmer is doing the same looking at the Conservatives. The hundreds of thousands that are coming to the UK each year are doing the same looking at us. And we are powerless to do anything about it.It makes me sigh. And more.Watch this post in video form. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theflyingfrisby.com/subscribe

Good Sunday morning to you,Last week's thought piece on the inexorable rise of the Far Right has become my most read Substack ever. Check it out, if you haven't already.Today we continue on a similar theme.Enjoy!I'm currently working on a new book about gold, and, as gold often leads to war - or is it the other way round? - I've found myself reading rather a lot about conquerors and conquest. There are certain things all conquerors do, from invade to plunder to strip the conquered of their wealth, power, history and identity. What is so bizarre about today in Britain and Western Europe is that we are doing all these things to ourselves, voluntarily. Let me explain.As the armies of Alexander the Great marched east, overpowering all who stood in their way to form probably the first great empire the world had ever known and, in terms of land mass, one of the biggest (even to this day), the annihilation of the cultural identities of those they conquered soon followed. Locals were raped, pillaged, subjugated and enslaved. Coinage was a far more important tool of propaganda then than it is now, and Alexander had his armies confiscate gold and silver bullion everywhere they went; melt it down and then re-struck with Greek gods: Athena, goddess of wisdom and war; Nike, goddess of Victory; Zeus, god of power; and Heracles, god of strength, portrayed in the likeness of Alexander himself (at this point rulers had not yet started depicting their own heads). Conquered people quite literally had their own history and legend struck off. Alexander's coins meanwhile were standardised throughtout his empire.As well as “Romanizing” the Celts - imposing Roman language, law, custom and governance on them - the Romans actively persecuted Celtic druids and destroyed their sacred groves. After William I conquered Britain, he took Anglo-Saxon land and gave it to his cronies; he imposed heavy taxes, strict laws and a new kind of feudal system; he replaced Anglo-Saxon English with Norman French in the courts and other centres of rule; he made ecclesiastical changes to better control the church. Any kind of rebellion met with swift and ruthless repression. Even if 1,000 years later, World War Two was not so different. Both the Nazis and the Japanese did everything in their power to strip those they conquered of their cultural identity.As well as possession of land and confiscation of wealth, the annihilation of local history, myth, hero and legend has always been a tool of the conqueror, part of the suppression and subjugation that follows invasion.  Even today the US, not technically an empire and forever trying to distance itself from anything imperial, nevertheless controls much of the globe and its prime resource, oil, with its military. It also exports its culture in such a domineering way that everyone else confuses their own history with that of the US. Like its military, American cultural narratives dominate the world, and distort everybody else's. You would think, for example, that there had never been any slavery in history, except for that in America, in the 200 years from when the nation was formed to its outlawing in 1865, never mind that the British outlawed it 2 generations earlier. In fact, slavery has existed since before civilization began and still goes on today, with some 21 to 45 million trapped in it. In just seven years between 1938 and 1945, Germany enslaved a number equivalent to 400 years of Transatlantic Slave Trade. Include Japan and the number is double. American cultural narratives dominate.But here is what is so weird about what is happening today, under the rudderless leadership that is representative social democracy. In the past if you wanted to occupy the lands of other people, you would have to conquer them and take their lands by force. Today no such force is required. In fact, in Britain, Tony Blair actually legislated for it. So did Boris Johnson. Not only do we import our own invasion, we actually subsidise it. The £8 million a day spent housing illegal migrants in hotels is just one example of this.Once imported, we then start re-writing our own history or apologising for it; from positive discrimination in the media to invisible casting (for some but not all) we change of our stories to better represent these new people, both at the expense of the locals and opportunity for them and at the expense of truth.Here, for example, is what, according to the BBC, an English family in Roman Britain looked like. The latest nuts example from the BBC. The plague was clearly racist. With headlines like that, we satirists are being put out of a job.We all know about the anti-white middle-aged man narrative of recent years - pale, male and stale and all that - and the discrimination he now encounters when attempting to find work. We have all seen how the modern British family is represented in advertising: there is, it seems, no such thing as a non-multi-cultural family. The latest evolution is anti- young, blonde women. I know this because my partner works in advertising. There is now a widespread agenda not to have them in adverts.It is not even the immigrants to this country who are actively stripping us of our history and thus cultural identity (with a few exceptions). We are doing it to ourselves. I won't say voluntarily, because there are a lot of people who don't want this to happen, but such is the system of rule we have in place, with state-planned everything and the mindset of the state and most institutions dominated by one worldview, anyone who opposes may as well howl at the moon. A king would represent his people. He can make decisions quickly. His decisions, when they come, are acted upon. With representative democracy every decision is seemingly made with short-term headlines in mind, and rarely legacy. Decisions are often so contested the resulting legislation is watered down, or undermined by the Blob enacting it. Much of the time there is no decision at all because of the imagination required or the career risk of putting your head above the parapet. We are no longer one people with one common memory. We are a splodge, a mishmash of different cultural identities with, following the death of Christianity, no coherent ideology at its core beyond the new religions of climate change, multi-culturalism (whatever that means) and the NHS. It is a system bereft of thought for the future, bereft of strategy and long-term planning of any kind. The Victorians thought with legacy in mind. They built for the future. Today we do no such thing. We build with nothing in mind but short-term profit and the satisfaction of arbitrary building regulations. This will not change until we change our system of rule. The simplest, most bloodless way to do this is to change our systems of money and tax. You design a society the way you tax it. We must have independent money that no body has the power to create at no cost to itself. A non-bloodless alternative - in other words some kind of violent revolution - is not possible, because the state is armed and you, the citizen, are not. This mismatch dooms not just the UK but all of Western Europe. There will not be a revolution.What's more, the state - the police and the media especially - does not treat people equally, something former Home Secretary, Suella Braverman, articulated to her cost. So I fear for anyone who does revolt.Those who come here do not have the same history as us. They do not have the same experience or collective memory, the same shared values, the same background or the same heritage. Theirs may be superior. Theirs may be inferior. It does not matter. The point is they do not feel the same allegiance or the same loyalties. They do not have the same values or the same goals, nor should we expect them to. They do not come here to be British. They come here to seek their fortune. That is quite natural. That is what people do. That does not mean we need to sacrifice ourselves.We are doing the conquerors' job to ourselves.I sometimes think that China with its lofty ambitions of world dominance must look at the west, and, every time it is thinking of doing something, then think, “Actually no, we don't need to do anything here. The west is destroying itself by itself”. Keir Starmer is doing the same looking at the Conservatives. The hundreds of thousands that are coming to the UK each year are doing the same looking at us. And we are powerless to do anything about it.It makes me sigh. And more.Watch this post in video form. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theflyingfrisby.com/subscribe

Today we travel back nearly a millennium to look at three of the sons of William the Conqueror. The first Norman (French) king of England, William of course defeated the English King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, after which he was crowned King of England, but mostly administered the territory from his duchy in Normandy. An early example of remote work, perhaps. William I implemented a plan of succession that ended up causing history-making trouble. His eldest son, Robert, with whom he had a difficult relationship, was given Normandy, while his second-eldest surviving son, William Rufus, was heir apparent to the English crown. His youngest surviving son, Henry, was given a hefty amount of money, which in no way satiated his ambition for power. Upon William I's death in 1087, Henry occupied himself by playing his brothers against each other. The situation would culminate in a disastrous hunting party in 1100, in which William II was killed by an arrow and the hunting party scattered to the wind. Younger brother Henry was present for what may have been William's assassination, and raced to Winchester, home of the treasury, to claim the throne in spite of his older brother Robert still living and, under the rules of primogeniture, being the more suitable claimant. Henry I proved to be a fairly canny politician, and his marriage to Matilda of Scotland (born Edith), daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland, both strengthened his claim and enhanced the cultural status of his court. Everything was on track for a successful dynasty until 1120, when Henry's eldest son and heir apparent threw the kind of rager of a party that no one should ever drive after. To this day, it is illegal to operate watercraft while intoxicated. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Hello guys, I bring this last episode on the evolution of English Language. Hello and Welcome Best English podcast by Teacher Bruno Gon and today's episode, we will conclude our journey through the evolution of the English language. We'll be exploring the transition from Middle English to Modern English, uncovering its characteristics and the people who used it. So, let's dive right in! As we learned in our previous episode, Middle English emerged as a result of the Norman Conquest in 1066, blending Old English with Norman French influences. However, the evolution of English didn't stop there. By the late 15th century, Middle English gradually transformed into what we now call Early Modern English. One of the defining characteristics of this transition was the Great Vowel Shift, which began in the 14th century and continued into the 18th century. The Great Vowel Shift was a significant sound change that affected the pronunciation of English vowels. Long vowels shifted in pronunciation, resulting in the distinct sounds we recognize in Modern English today. Another notable change was the standardization of spelling and grammar. Early Modern English saw efforts to establish consistent rules for spelling and grammar, although the process wasn't fully completed until later periods. These standardizations helped pave the way for a more unified written form of the language. During the Early Modern English period, new words were introduced into the language through exploration, trade, and scientific advancements. This era witnessed the influence of Latin and Greek, as well as borrowings from other languages, such as Spanish, French, and Dutch. These linguistic additions enriched the vocabulary of English, expanding its range of expression. Now, let's discuss the people who used Early Modern English. This period saw a rise in literacy and the spread of English beyond the ruling elite. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, played a crucial role in making books more accessible to a wider audience. This increased availability of written materials contributed to the popularization and standardization of English. One influential figure during this time was William Shakespeare. His works, such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth, exemplify the language and creativity of Early Modern English. Shakespeare's plays and sonnets contributed significantly to the development and expansion of the English language, introducing new words and phrases that are still used today. The exploration and colonization of the New World by English-speaking nations also impacted the growth of the language. English encountered various indigenous languages and adopted words from Native American, African, and Asian languages, further diversifying its vocabulary. Over time, Early Modern English transitioned into what we now know as Modern English. The 18th and 19th centuries saw further standardization and refinements in spelling, grammar, and vocabulary. The Industrial Revolution, scientific advancements, and global exploration continued to shape and expand the English language. Modern English has become a global language, spoken by millions around the world. Its influence can be seen in fields such as literature, science, technology, business, and entertainment. And that concludes our exploration of the transition from Middle English to Modern English. We've examined the characteristics of this linguistic transformation and the people who used the language during this period. I would like to invite you all to follow me on instagram @bestenglish.br and follow me on LinkedIn Teacger Bruno Gon. If you liked this episode, rate me 5 stars, follow me back and foward to friends. Thank you all.

Hello everyone, this is the second episode of the evolution of English Language. Welcome to Best English Podcast by Teacher Bruno Gon and today we continue our journey through the evolution of English. In this episode, we'll explore the transition from Old English to Middle English, examining its characteristics and the people who used it. So, let's dive right in! As we learned in our last episode, Old English was the language spoken in England during the Anglo-Saxon period. Around the 11th century, England underwent a significant change that would impact its language: the Norman Conquest of 1066. With William the Conqueror taking the English throne, the ruling class shifted from Anglo-Saxon to Norman French. This transition brought about a blending of the two languages, giving rise to a new form known as Middle English. Middle English retained some of the grammar and vocabulary from Old English but adopted many French words and influences. It became the language of the nobility and the ruling elite, while Old English continued to be spoken by the common people. One of the most significant characteristics of Middle English was the Great Vowel Shift. During this period, the pronunciation of long vowels in English underwent an enormous change. The way vowels were pronounced shifted, resulting in a significant transformation in the pronunciation of words. Middle English also witnessed changes in grammar. While Old English had a complex system of noun declensions, in Middle English was a simpler system and relied more on word order to convey meaning. Verbs also underwent changes in conjugation and the use of auxiliary verbs became more prevalent. Now, let's talk about the people who used Middle English. As mentioned earlier, Middle English became the language of the nobility and the ruling class. The Norman French-speaking aristocracy held power, and their language and customs influenced the development of Middle English. However, it's important to note that Middle English wasn't solely confined to the upper class. It gradually spread and permeated through various levels of society. Middle English also saw a rise in written literature. Geoffrey Chaucer, known as the "Father of English Literature," composed his famous work, "The Canterbury Tales," in Middle English. This collection of stories provided a vivid depiction of the language and society of the time. As time went on, Middle English continued to evolve, and by the late 15th century, it transformed into Early Modern English. This change was catalyzed by the introduction of the printing press and the influence of the Renaissance. The transition from Old English to Middle English to Early Modern English marked a fascinating linguistic journey, shaped by historical events, cultural interactions, and the creativity of the people who spoke and wrote the language. And that concludes our exploration of the evolution from Old English to Middle English. We've learned about the characteristics of Middle English and the people who used it, witnessing the fusion of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French influences. In the next episode we will conclude the series about English Language Evolution. Don't forget to subscribe, forward to friends and rate me 5 stars. If you wanna find me, check my instagram @bestenglish.br and also on LinkedIn Teacher Bruno Gon. It's been a pleasure everyone.

Hello everyone I bring today the beginning of English Language. Now, I provide you the transcription of the episode. Welcome to the Best English podcast by Teacher Bruno Gon. Before we start I'd like to thank you for listening and also invite you to follow me on instagram @bestenglish.br and in today's episode, we're taking a step back in time to explore the intriguing language known as Old English. From its characteristics to its places of origin and the people who spoke it, we have a lot to uncover. So, let's get started! To understand Old English, we need to travel back over a thousand years to the Anglo-Saxon period in England. Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, was the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons, a group of Germanic tribes who settled in England during the 5th and 6th centuries. One of the key characteristics of Old English is its inflectional grammar. In Old English, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs changed their form to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence. For example, nouns had different endings depending on whether they were subject, object, or possessive. Old English vocabulary was predominantly Germanic but also included loanwords from Latin, Norse, and Celtic languages. Many words we still use today have their roots in Old English, such as "house," "father," and "love." Now, let's talk about the places of origin of Old English. As I mentioned earlier, it emerged when the Anglo-Saxon tribes migrated to England. These tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, hailed from what is now modern-day Germany and Denmark. They brought with them their language, which evolved over time into Old English. The dialects of Old English varied across different regions of England. The West Saxon dialect, spoken in the region around modern-day London, eventually became the standard form of Old English due to the influence of King Alfred the Great, who promoted it during his reign in the 9th century. Now, let's delve into the people who spoke Old English. The Anglo-Saxons were a diverse group of tribes, each with their own distinct cultural and linguistic identities. They settled in various parts of England, establishing kingdoms and communities. The Angles settled in the east and north, the Saxons in the south and west, and the Jutes in the southeast. These tribes had a strong oral tradition and storytelling played a significant role in their culture. Many of the Old English literary works, such as Beowulf and The Dream of the Rood, were composed during this period. These texts provide valuable insights into the language, beliefs, and values of the people who spoke Old English. However, with the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, Old English gradually gave way to Middle English, influenced by the Norman French of the ruling class. Over time, Middle English evolved into the Early Modern English we recognize today. And that concludes our journey into the world of Old English. We've explored its characteristics, discussed the places of its origin, and learned about the people who spoke it—the Anglo-Saxons. Join us next time as we uncover more linguistic gems from around the globe. Remember to subscribe to our podcast and follow us on social media for updates and additional content. Thank you for listening, and until next time, keep exploring the rich tapestry of languages! If you liked this episode, please rate it 5 stars, forward it to friends and follow me on instagram @bestenglish.br 

Often cited as 'England's Most Haunted Home,' the moment you enter the old Ancient Ram Inn, an aura envelopes you signalling you are in the heart of somewhere quite unique. The bare walls, creaking floorboards, steep stairs and mysterious shadows are sufficient to elicit the coldest of shivers; whilst the legions of ghost stories that come marching from its mist-shrouded past can chill the blood of even the most steadfast cynic. With reports of phantoms, disembodied sounds and poltergeist activity in almost every corner; to cross its threshold is to step back in time, and the chance of an encounter with one of its many ghosts is something not to be missed. "The atmosphere was awful," is how one visitor put it, "I can only describe it as pure filth, dark and heavy." My Special Guest is Leanne Burnam-Richards Leanne has worked for various paranormal events teams as well as having been, until recently, the daytime tour guide of The Ancient Ram Inn. Leanne has also been involved in helping to set up the UK Paranormal Society and currently operates as the Vice Chair. Leanne is passionate about preserving heritage locations for future generations and firmly believes that for her, historical elements help cement her love of the paranormal. The UK Paranormal Society The UK Paranormal Society is a registered charity, setup to guide and support the public, heritage locations, and the paranormal field. Their purpose is to help protect the public and heritage locations from misinformation, malpractice, and exploitation relating to the paranormal. They do this by providing a freely accessible resource of reliable, factual, unbiased information and guidance; encouraging good ethical standards; and promoting scientific research into the paranormal. The Ancient Ram Inn The Ancient Ram Inn is an 800-year-old Grade II listed former Inn. The Deeds to The Ram Inn, are mostly in Norman French and are held at Gloucester Records Office. They read: “The Ancient Ram Inn dates to Time Immemorial,” evidence potentially that it could, in fact, have been in existence much earlier than 800 years ago. The Ancient Ram Inn was home to John Humphries and operated as a guest house, which then evolved into a paranormal location. It has a reputation few can ignore as it is widely regarded as one of the most haunted buildings. In this episode, you will be able to: 1. Delve into the captivating geography and history of The Ancient Ram Inn. 2. Explore the connection former owner John Humphries has to the Inn and to the paranormal. 3. Examine The Ancient Ram Inn's haunting connection with the capture and execution of a local woman as a witch, as well as possible connections with paranormal reports observed. 4. Delve into some of the paranormal encounters and reports experienced at The Ancient Ram Inn including some of Leanne's first hand experiences. 5. Examine the connection between heritage locations and the paranormal and how the UK Paranormal Society is supporting locations like these. If you value this podcast and want to enjoy more episodes please come and find us on⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/Haunted_History_Chronicles⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to support the podcast, gain a wealth of additional exclusive podcasts, writing and other content. Links to all Haunted History Chronicles Social Media Pages, Published Materials and more:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ https://linktr.ee/hauntedhistorychronicles⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Guest Links:⁠⁠ https://www.ukparanormalsociety.org https://ancientraminn.co.uk/ Leane: https://www.instagram.com/_ghostess_with_the_mostess_/ https://www.twitter.com/@ghostess_leanne --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hauntedchronicles/message

November 16: Saint Margaret of Scotlandc. 1045–1093Optional Memorial; Liturgical Color: WhitePatron Saint of Scotland, large families, and parents who have lost childrenA foreign-born royal becomes queen and inspires by her refinement and devotionIn the early eleventh century, a Danish Viking named Canute reigned as King of England. Canute exiled his potential rivals from an Anglo-Saxon royal family. One of these exiles, Edward, made his way to Hungary, married, and had a daughter named Margaret who grew up in a well-educated, royal, Catholic home. Margaret's father eventually returned to England at the request of the king, his uncle Saint Edward the Confessor, and he brought his family with him, including Margaret. But Edward died shortly after coming home, leaving Margaret fatherless, and then Edward the Confessor died without an heir. War broke out. In 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon English lost to the Norman French. Margaret and her siblings were displaced to Scotland, far away from French efforts to eradicate Anglo-Saxon royals who had claims to the English throne. Thus was the circuitous route by which a woman of English blood who grew up in Hungary is commemorated today as Saint Margaret of Scotland.Saint Margaret was known to her contemporaries as an educated, refined, and pious woman. She married a Scottish King named Malcolm who was far more rustic than herself. He could not even read. The earliest Life of Margaret, written by a monk who personally knew her, states that Malcolm depended on his wife's sage advice and admired her prayerfulness. According to Margaret's biographer, Malcolm saw “that Christ truly dwelt in her heart...What she rejected, he rejected...what she loved, he, for love of her, loved too.” Malcolm embellished Margaret's devotional books with gold and silver. One of these books, a selection of Gospel passages with illuminated miniatures of the four Evangelists, is preserved in an English museum. King Malcolm and Queen Margaret, along with their six sons and two daughters, truly created a domestic church centered on Christ. One son, David, became a national hero as King of Scotland and is popularly referred to as a saint.Margaret's presence infused the unsophisticated, rural, Scottish court with culture. She brought her more Roman experiences of Church life with her to Scotland, and so pulled the Scottish Church into conformity with Roman and continental practice regarding the dating and observance of Lent and Easter. She encouraged the faithful to more fully observe Sunday by not working and, like so many medieval royals, she was also a prolific foundress of monasteries, including one she intended to be the burial place for Scottish kings and queens. Margaret was known for her concern for the poor, for dedicating hours a day to prayer and to spiritual reading, and for her great skill in embroidering vestments and church linens.Saint Margaret died, not yet fifty years old, just a few days after she was informed that her husband and son were killed in battle. Margaret and Malcolm were buried together under the high altar of a monastery. Devotion to the holy queen began soon after her death, and she was canonized in 1250.Saint Margaret of Scotland, you were the model of a virtuous queen who cared for both the spiritual and material welfare of your people. Inspire all leaders to give personal witness to holiness so that, through their leadership role, they inspire their people to be more virtuous.

To Calais, In Ordinary Time by James Meek is the choice for this month's Church Times Book Club - and on the podcast this week, the author speaks to Rachel Mann (who has written this month's Book Club essay about it). The book is published by Canongate and is available from the Church Times Bookshop for £8.99. The Church Times Book Club is run in association with the Church Times Festival of Faith and Literature. Tickets are now on sale for the next Festival, which takes place in Winchester in February. For more information and to buy tickets, visit https://faithandliterature.hymnsam.co.uk Sign up to receive the free Book Club email once a month. Featuring discussion questions, podcasts and discounts on each book: churchtimes.co.uk/newsletter-signup Discuss this month's book at facebook.com/groups/churchtimesbookclub About the book: To Calais In Ordinary Time is a work of historical fiction set in England in 1348. It covers the story of a group of travellers journeying towards Calais across England as the Black Death sweeps across Europe. Written in a way to capture the authenticity of spoken medieval English, the language is interspersed with Middle English words. The young noblewoman's language is marked by Norman French, the learned proctor's language is punctuated with Latinisms, and the language of the down-to-earth adventurous ploughman is more Saxon. It is a novel about life, love, death, and war, set during a time of turbulence and uncertainty across Europe. Picture credit: © MARZENA POGORSALY Music for the podcast is by Twisterium Try 10 issues of the Church Times for £10 or get two months access to our website and apps, also for £10. Go to churchtimes.co.uk/new-reader.

"Hello again word lovers!" Today we are exploring the vocabulary surrounding the topic of heraldry. There are some genuinely interesting etymologies preserved within Heraldry which has effectively pickled some Norman French for us to enjoy. Full article on our website: https://www.bulldogz.org/post/interesting-etymologies-43-heraldry

The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of England, Wessex and the Chalke ValleyWe speak English today; not Celtic, Latin, nor Norman French. England is England because of the Anglo-Saxon conquest. Yet we know very little about how it happened. This talk describes astonishing new evidence, hidden in plain sight, spread across the whole length and breadth of England. Some of it in the Chalke Valley near Salisbury. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

English is the most widely spoken language in the world. More than 1,100,000,000 people speak English. But have you ever wondered where English came from? The English language has a fascinating history, which is reflected in the language today. Join me on this podcast as we go on an adventure - the adventure of English. This is part 3 of this ‘adventure of English' series, in which I talk about the influence of Norman French on the English language. The book that inspired this series is called ‘The Adventure of English' by Melvyn Bragg. email: enquiries.rjc.tutoring@gmail.com Instagram: @simple_english_with_reuben iTalki (1:1 English tutoring available): ID 10575081 Many thanks for listening, you guys are the best :))

The audio quality can be a little wonky this week. We've identified the issue and resolved it. Sorry about that.We've heard for years that gamers are violent. But what if gamers were more peaceful in game than the people around them in real life? A really interesting new study has identified that gamers behave differently in EVE Online depending on the type of community they live in.The Nirvana Nevermind baby isn't happy about his nudes being plastered all over record stores and the internet. Now he's suing. We're not legal beagles, but we've got opinions.Roblox is bad. It isn't the simple gameplay, the child targeted community, or the memes. Actually, it's bad because it's one of the worst deals for game devs out there. Roblox seem intent to make it hard to make money from developing on their platform. That's a really nice way to treat the people who made your game popular. People are also trying to recreate mass killings in a game for children. It's a mess.The Link Between Videogames And Violence Is Not What You Think- https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240196#sec012Smells Like A Lawsuit- https://deadline.com/2021/08/baby-nirvana-nevermind-album-cover-sues-band-exploitation-1234821540/Roblox Drama- https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-08-20-roblox-business-model-criticized-as-exploiting-children- https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-06-03-parent-watchdog-group-warning-about-robloxOther topics discussedMilk crate challenge has doctors warning it's ‘worse than falling from a ladder'- https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/aug/25/milk-crate-challenge-tiktok-doctors-warningsWhat is the Milk Crate Challenge, how did it explode out of nowhere and why are people doing it?- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-25/what-is-milk-crate-challenge-viral-videos-doctors/100404942Ice Bucket Challenge (sometimes called the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, is an activity involving the pouring of a bucket of ice water over a person's head, either by another person or self-administered, to promote awareness of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as motor neuron disease and in the United States as Lou Gehrig's disease) and encourage donations to research.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Bucket_ChallengeJack Thompson (activist) (American activist and disbarred attorney, based in Coral Gables, Florida. He is known for his role as an anti-video-game activist, particularly against violence and sex in video games. During his time as an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture. This included rap music, broadcasts by shock jock Howard Stern, and the content of video games and their alleged effects on children.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Thompson_(activist)Mothers Against Videogame Addiction and Violence (a parody and satire hoax organization created by sophomore Parsons The New School for Design student David Yoo as a final project in December 2002.)- https://gyaanipedia.fandom.com/wiki/Mothers_Against_Videogame_Addiction_and_ViolenceEve Online ((stylised EVE Online) is a space-based, persistent world massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed and published by CCP Games. Players of Eve Online can participate in a number of in-game professions and activities, including mining, piracy, manufacturing, trading, exploration, and combat (both player versus environment and player versus player). The game contains a total of 7,800 star systems that can be visited by players.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_OnlineEve Online's ‘million dollar' battle came up a little short last night- https://www.polygon.com/2018/1/24/16927594/eve-online-million-dollar-battle-resultsFIFA (video game series) ((also known as FIFA Soccer, FIFA Football or EA Sports FIFA) is a series of association football video games developed and released annually by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports label. As of 2011, the FIFA franchise has been localised into 18 languages and available in 51 countries. Listed in Guinness World Records as the best-selling sports video game franchise in the world, the FIFA series has sold over 325 million copies as of 2021. It is also one of the best-selling video game franchises.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_(video_game_series)Australian Classification Board : Adult (18+) ratings for video games (Many games were banned before 2011 on the basis that the R18+ rating did not apply to video games at the time. This was the subject of complaint in the gaming community, who argued that there is no reason why adults should be prevented from seeing content in games that they could see in a film.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Classification_Board#Adult_(18+)_ratings_for_video_gamesVideo game addiction (also known as gaming disorder or internet gaming disorder, is generally defined as the problematic, compulsive use of video games that results in significant impairment to an individual's ability to function in various life domains over a prolonged period of time. The World Health Organization included gaming disorder in the 11th revision of its International Classification of Diseases (ICD).)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_addictionSurgeon Simulator : Surgeon Simulator is an over-the-top operation sim, stitching together pitch-black humour with life-saving surgery.- https://store.steampowered.com/app/233720/Surgeon_Simulator/Corrupted Blood incident ((or World of Warcraft pandemic) was a virtual pandemic in the MMORPG World of Warcraft, which began on September 13, 2005, and lasted for one month. The epidemic began with the introduction of the new raid Zul'Gurub and its end boss Hakkar the Soulflayer. When confronted and attacked, Hakkar would cast a hit point-draining and highly contagious debuff spell called "Corrupted Blood" on players.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrupted_Blood_incidentCorrupted Blood Incident : Comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic (The Corrupted Blood incident has been compared to the COVID-19 pandemic, and epidemiologists who studied the Corrupted Blood outbreak are using the research from the incident to better understand coronavirus's spread - primarily its sociological factors.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrupted_Blood_incident#Comparison_to_the_COVID-19_pandemicCall Of Duty (a first-person shooter video game franchise published by Activision. Starting out in 2003, it first focused on games set in World War II. Over time, the series has seen games set in the midst of the Cold War, futuristic worlds, and outer space. The games were first developed by Infinity Ward, then also by Treyarch and Sledgehammer Games.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_of_DutyUS man sues Nirvana for using his naked photo on iconic 'Nevermind' album : Spencer Eldon recreating the photo he took when he was a four-month-old baby in 1991.- https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2021/08/25/us-man-sues-nirvana-for-using-his-naked-photo-on-iconic-nevermind-album/2000325Viva Frei - Nirvana's "Nevermind" Baby Lawsuit is BOUND TO FAIL! Lawyer Explains - Viva Frei Vlawg- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXY_nlfZ_dI&t=257sGamer Chad - Roblox / Ultimate Slide Box Racing / Into the Toilet! / Gamer Chad Plays- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzqLTCT0vc4Columbine High School massacre : Doom connection and the Harris levels (Eric Harris was an enthusiast of the Doom series, owning some of the Doom novels and having designed Doom levels under the nicknames "REB", "Rebldomakr", and "RebDoomer". In a videotape recorded before the massacre, Harris expressed enthusiasm for the planned shooting, saying it would be like Doom. He also pointed out that the shotgun was "Straight out of Doom".)- https://doom.fandom.com/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacreSuper Columbine Massacre RPG! (a role-playing video game created by Danny Ledonne and released in April 2005. The game recreates the 1999 Columbine High School shootings near Littleton, Colorado. Players assume the roles of gunmen Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold and act out the massacre, with flashbacks relating parts of Harris and Klebold's past experiences. The game begins on the day of the shootings and follows Harris and Klebold after their suicides to fictional adventures in perdition.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Columbine_Massacre_RPG!Robux ((R$) is the currency on Roblox. Robux was introduced on May 14, 2007 (alongside Tix) as a replacement of ROBLOX Points. Robux was one of two currencies on the platform alongside Tix, which was removed on April 14, 2016. Robux is known as Roblox's primary currency by the community and staff; all paid items within the avatar shop are sold for Robux, including user-created content such as microtransactions and game passes. The name 'Robux' is a portmanteau of Roblox and bucks.)- https://roblox.fandom.com/wiki/RobuxAttack on Pearl Harbor (a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States (a neutral country at the time) against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The attack led to the United States' formal entry into World War II the next day. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_HarborSix Days in Fallujah (an upcoming first-person shooter video game developed by Highwire Games and published by Victura. Described by Highwire Games as a tactical shooter, it is slated to be the first video game to focus directly on the Iraq War. The game's plot follows a squad of U.S. Marines from 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines (3/1), fighting in the Second Battle of Fallujah over the span of six days in November 2004.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Days_in_FallujahBattle of Hastings (fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately 7 mi (11 km) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_HastingsHistory (American TV network) ((formerly The History Channel from 1995 to 2008; stylized as HISTORY) is an American pay television network and flagship channel owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Disney General Entertainment Content division of the Walt Disney Company.The network was originally focused on history-based documentaries. During the late 2000s, History drifted into reality television programming. In addition to this change in format, the network has been criticized by many scientists, historians, and skeptics for broadcasting pseudo-documentaries and unsubstantiated, sensational investigative programming.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_(American_TV_network)The Curse of Oak Island : What Is the Oak Island Money Pit?- https://www.history.com/shows/the-curse-of-oak-island/articles/what-is-the-money-pitForged in Fire (TV series) (American competition series that airs on the History channel and is produced by Outpost Entertainment, a Leftfield Entertainment company.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forged_in_Fire_(TV_series)The Secret Playboy Mansion Games Room With Hidden Bedrooms, Mirrored Walls, Gambling & Arcades ?‍♀️- https://www.celebritywotnot.com/celebrity-homes/the-playboy-mansion-games-room-secret-cabin-hidden-bedrooms-mirrored-walls-gambling-arcades/Red Hat (an American IBM subsidiary software company that provides open source software products to enterprises. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, with other offices worldwide.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat- https://www.redhat.com/enHistory of union busting in the United States (The history of union busting in the United States dates back to the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century which produced a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities. As workers moved away from farm work to factories, mines and other hard labor, they faced harsh working conditions such as long hours, low pay and health risks.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_union_busting_in_the_United_StatesAmazon is using union-busting Pinkerton spies to track warehouse workers and labour movements at the company, according to a new report- https://www.businessinsider.com.au/amazon-pinkerton-spies-worker-labor-unions-2020-11?r=US&IR=TActivision Blizzard ‘suppressed' evidence in sex discrimination lawsuit, California claims- https://www.polygon.com/22641099/activision-blizzard-dfeh-gender-discrimination-lawsuit-amendmentThe Fly (1986 film) (a 1986 science-fiction psychological body horror film directed and co-written by David Cronenberg. Produced by Brooksfilms and distributed by 20th Century Fox, the film stars Jeff Goldblum, Geena Davis and John Getz. Loosely based on George Langelaan's 1957 short story of the same name and the 1958 film of the same name, The Fly tells of an eccentric scientist who, after one of his experiments goes wrong, slowly turns into a fly-hybrid creature.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fly_(1986_film)The Fly II (a 1989 American science fiction horror film directed by Chris Walas. The film stars Eric Stoltz and Daphne Zuniga, and is a sequel to the 1986 film The Fly, itself a remake of the 1958 film of the same name.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fly_IIThe Fly (1958 film) (a 1958 American horror science-fiction film produced and directed by Kurt Neumann and starring David Hedison, Patricia Owens, Vincent Price, and Herbert Marshall. The film was released in CinemaScope with color by Deluxe by 20th Century Fox. It was followed by two black-and-white sequels, Return of the Fly (1959) and Curse of the Fly (1965). The original film was remade in 1986 by director David Cronenberg.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fly_(1958_film)Arrival (film) (a 2016 American science fiction drama film directed by Denis Villeneuve and adapted by Eric Heisserer, who conceived the movie as a spec script based on the 1998 short story "Story of Your Life" by Ted Chiang. It stars Amy Adams, Jeremy Renner, and Forest Whitaker. The film follows a linguist enlisted by the United States Army to discover how to communicate with extraterrestrial aliens who have arrived on Earth, before tensions lead to war.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrival_(film)Verge Science - We decoded NASA's messages to aliens by hand (In 1977, twin golden records were sent into space on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. Still sailing through space at nearly 60,000 km per hour, the records contain sound, songs, and images from earth.)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRuovINxpPcWTF is Happening! The Podcast (TNC Podcast)- https://anchor.fm/wtfihpodShout Outs 21st August 2021 – Nick Davatzes, Cable Pioneer Who Launched A&E Network and History Channel, passes away at 79 - https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/nick-davatzes-dead-79-ceo-ae-networks-1235046271/ Nickolas Davatzes, longtime CEO of A+E Networks who steered the launch of A&E Network and History Channel has passed away. Davatzes joined the company as CEO in 1983 just as A&E Networks was formed through the merger of fledgling cable channels Entertainment Network, owned by RCA and the Rockefeller family, and ARTS Network, owned by Hearst and ABC. A+E Networks today is a 50-50 joint venture of the Walt Disney Co. and Hearst Corp. Davatzes served as CEO emeritus. Davatzes led the company's launch of the signature A&E Network (an amalgam of Arts and Entertainment) in 1984 and History Channel in 1995 (History formally dropped “Channel” from its moniker in 2008). He served as CEO of the parent company through 2005, when he was succeeded by protege Abbe Raven, who started at the company as a secretary. Davatzes was known for promoting educational outreach and the importance of industry R&D during his run at A&E Networks. The company later expanded to include the Lifetime cable channel as well as more recent entries like lifestyle channel FYI and Lifetime Movie Network. Disney executive chairman Bob Iger hailed him as a “towering figure in the early days of cable television (who helped) build some of the most iconic brands in the media landscape.” Iger added that he was “a person of true integrity.” He died in Wilton, Connecticut.24th August 2021 – Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts passes away at 80 - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-25/rolling-stones-drummer-charlie-watts-dies-at-age-80/100404658Charlie Watts, the drummer who provided the backbone of the Rolling Stones' songs for more than half a century, has died. Watts "passed away peacefully in a London hospital earlier today surrounded by his family," his publicist Bernard Doherty said. "Charlie was a cherished husband, father and grandfather and also as a member of The Rolling Stones, as one of the greatest drummers of his generation." The quiet, elegantly dressed Watts was often ranked with Keith Moon, Ginger Baker and a handful of others as a premier rock drummer, respected worldwide for his muscular, swinging style as the band rose from its scruffy beginnings to international superstardom. He joined the Stones early in 1963 and remained over the next 60 years, ranked just behind Jagger and Keith Richards as the group's longest lasting and most essential members. Watts stayed on, and largely held himself apart, through the drug abuse, creative clashes and ego wars that helped kill founding member Brian Jones, drove bassist Bill Wyman and Jones' replacement Mick Taylor to quit and otherwise made being in the Stones the most exhausting of jobs. The Stones began, Watts said, "as white blokes from England playing black American music" but quickly evolved their own distinctive sound. Watts was a jazz drummer in his early years and never lost his affinity for the music he first loved, heading his own jazz band and taking on numerous other side projects. He had his eccentricities — Watts liked to collect cars even though he didn't drive and would simply sit in them in his garage. But he was a steadying influence on stage and off as the Stones defied all expectations by rocking well into their 70s, decades longer than their old rivals The Beatles. He died in London with his family around him.25th August 2021 – Linux turns 30 - https://www.zdnet.com/article/linus-torvalds-on-linuxs-30th-birthday/ In 1991, Unix was an important but secondary x86 operating system. That year, on August 25, a mild-mannered Finnish graduate student named Linus Benedict Torvalds announced on the Usenet group comp.os.minix that he was working on "a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones." No one knew it, not even Torvalds, but the technology was going to change forever. Thirty years later, Linux rules IT. Almost all major websites -- including Google, Facebook, and Wikipedia -- run on Linux. It's the same with the clouds. Even on Microsoft's own Azure, the most popular operating system is Linux. As for supercomputers, all 500 of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run Linux. Thanks to Android, Linux is also the most popular end-user operating system. Not bad for a hobby operating system! In those very first days, Linux wasn't formally known as Linux. Torvalds explained, "Linux was my working name, but I never wanted to release it as Linux. Linux was a perfectly good working name, but if I actually used it as the official one, people would think that I am an egomaniac and wouldn't take it seriously. So I chose this very bad name, "Freax," for "Free Unix." Fortunately, the first Linux administrator Ari Lemmk, decided Freax was a silly name too. Hence, he actually named it Linux because he thought this internal project name was Torvalds first choice.Remembrances25th August 1822 – William Herschel - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_HerschelGerman-born British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Lucretia Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover, William Herschel followed his father into the military band of Hanover, before emigrating to Great Britain in 1757 at the age of nineteen. Herschel constructed his first large telescope in 1774, after which he spent nine years carrying out sky surveys to investigate double stars. Herschel published catalogues of nebulae in 1802 (2,500 objects) and in 1820 (5,000 objects). The resolving power of the Herschel telescopes revealed that many objects called nebulae in the Messier catalogue were actually clusters of stars. On 13 March 1781 while making observations he made note of a new object in the constellation of Gemini. This would, after several weeks of verification and consultation with other astronomers, be confirmed to be a new planet, eventually given the name of Uranus. This was the first planet to be discovered since antiquity, and Herschel became famous overnight. As a result of this discovery, George III appointed him Court Astronomer. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and grants were provided for the construction of new telescopes. Herschel pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry, using prisms and temperature measuring equipment to measure the wavelength distribution of stellar spectra. In the course of these investigations, Herschel discovered infrared radiation. Other work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars, the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally, the discovery of Titania and Oberon (moons of Uranus) and Enceladus and Mimas (moons of Saturn). Herschel was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1816. He was the first President of the Royal Astronomical Society when it was founded in 1820. He died at the age of 83 at Observatory House, Windsor Road, Slough Herschel's epitaph is Coelorum perrupit claustra (He broke through the barriers of the heavens).Famous Birthdays25th August 1819 – Allan Pinkerton - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_PinkertonScottish–American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Pinkerton first became interested in criminal detective work while wandering through the wooded groves around Dundee, looking for trees to make barrel staves, when he came across a band of counterfeiters, who may have been affiliated with the notorious Banditti of the Prairie. After observing their movements for some time he informed the local sheriff, who arrested them. This later led to Pinkerton being appointed, in 1849, as the first police detective in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. In 1850, he partnered with Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in forming the North-Western Police Agency, which later became Pinkerton & Co, and finally Pinkerton National Detective Agency, still in existence today as Pinkerton Consulting and Investigations, a subsidiary of Securitas AB. Pinkerton's business insignia was a wide open eye with the caption "We never sleep." As the US expanded in territory, rail transport increased. Pinkerton's agency solved a series of train robberies during the 1850s, first bringing Pinkerton into contact with George McClellan, then Chief Engineer and Vice President of the Illinois Central Railroad, and Abraham Lincoln, the company's lawyer. When the Civil War began, Pinkerton served as head of the Union Intelligence Service during the first two years, heading off an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland while guarding Abraham Lincoln on his way to Washington, D.C. as well as identifying troop numbers in military campaigns. His agents often worked undercover as Confederate soldiers and sympathizers to gather military intelligence. Pinkerton himself served on several undercover missions as a Confederate soldier using the alias Major E.J. Allen. He worked across the Deep South in the summer of 1861, focusing on fortifications and Confederate plans. This counterintelligence work done by Pinkerton and his agents is comparable to the work done by today's U.S. Army Counterintelligence Special Agents in which Pinkerton's agency is considered an early predecessor. He was succeeded as Intelligence Service chief by Lafayette Baker; the Intelligence Service was the predecessor of the U.S. Secret Service. His work led to the establishment of the Federal secret service. Despite his agency's later reputation for anti-labor activities, Pinkerton himself was heavily involved in pro-labor politics as a young man. Though Pinkerton considered himself pro-labor, he opposed strikes and distrusted labor unions. He was born in Gorbals, Glasgow.Events of Interest25th August 1957- The Invisible Man Vs. The Human Fly premiered in Japan - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0204691/ A star is born! On this day in 1957 (in Japan), The Invisible Man Vs. The Human Fly took to the silver screen for a monster of a pairing! Directed by Mitsuo Murayama, the SciFi/Fantasy starred Ryûji Shinagawa and Yoshirô Kitahara; and here's the plot summary: "A ruthless serial killer with a peculiar method of stalking and killing his victims comes face to face with a police officer turned invisible by a scientific experiment. Who will emerge triumphant?" In the late 1950s, in the United States this film was announced, and stills were published, under the English language title "The Murdering Mite." This film shares part of its Japanese title with the Japanese release of the much better-known 1958 U.S. science fiction film The Fly, which was released in Japan as Fear of the Fly Man (ハエ男の恐怖 Hae Otoko no Kyōfu), though with the 'Fly' in "Fly Man" spelled in katakana rather than kanji characters. While both films feature "fly men," The Invisible Man vs. The Human Fly actually predates the latter film by almost an entire year.25th August 1989 – Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, the last planet in the Solar System at the time, due to Pluto being within Neptune's orbit from 1979 to 1999 - https://www.wired.com/2010/08/0825voyager2-neptune/ Voyager 2 makes its closest encounter with Neptune, passing just 3,000 miles above the cloud tops of the most distant planet in our solar system. The Voyager 2 space probe has been our most productive unmanned space voyage. It visited all four of the outer planets and their systems of moons and rings, including the first visits to previously unexplored Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 2 found four rings and evidence for ring arcs, or incomplete rings, above Neptune. That means all four of the gas giants in our solar system have rings. Neptune's, however, are very meager compared to the magnificent rings around Saturn. In the late 19th century, astronomers thought that an unseen Planet X was influencing the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. The observed positions of the two planets and their calculated positions differed. Among those astronomers convinced of the existence of Planet X was Clyde Tombaugh. In 1930 while scanning areas of the sky for Planet X, he found Pluto. When Voyager 2 flew by Neptune, it took very precise measurements of Neptune's mass and found it to be about 0.5 percent less massive than previous estimates. When the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were recalculated using the more accurate mass figure, it became clear that the imprecise number for Neptune -- and not the gravity of an unseen planet -- had caused the observed orbital discrepancies. After its encounter with Neptune, the spacecraft was rechristened the Voyager Interstellar Mission by NASA to take measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field, plasma and charged-particle environment. But mostly it's searching for the heliopause, the distance at which the solar wind becomes subsumed by the more general interstellar wind.IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/nerds_amalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comSupport via Podhero- https://podhero.com/podcast/449127/nerds-amalgamated See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Why does English have the Norman French word “legal” as well as the Anglo-Saxon word “lawful”? Is the law the Crown’s or ours? Is “jury nullification” the most hazardous phrase to utter near a courthouse? Alex Thomson discusses with David Scott and Mike Robinson how the stirring phrase “the common law” has been understood down the ages, and whether the legal and political fraternity is right to hold as an article of faith that common law is the most inferior of the sources of law. Where does society’s conscience come into it? Are the Continental philosophers right to accuse English and Scots law of being unknowable because we have no single text that calls the Crown into being or criminalises theft or murder? Join us to find out why state bodies like to masquerade as The People when prosecuting; why juries are being curtailed and abolished step by step; whether it is true that a freeman can individually say he does not consent to statutes; and what it was that got former Supreme Court Justice Lord Jonathan Sumption so riled this week that he said “I reject that claim” in a lecture to Cambridge Law Faculty.

The Battle of Hastings[a] was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory. --- Our theme song was written and performed by Anna Bosnick. If you’d like to support the show on a per episode basis, you can find our Patreon page here.  Be sure to check our website for more details.

The Battle of Hastings[a] was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory. --- Our theme song was written and performed by Anna Bosnick. If you’d like to support the show on a per episode basis, you can find our Patreon page here.  Be sure to check our website for more details.

Nearly a thousand years ago, a Game of Thrones was played for real across the old Kingdom of England. In the struggle between Anglo-Saxon, Norman French, and Viking Scandinavians, it’s the Battle of Hastings of 1066 that won fame and glory as the seismic moment that ended a dynasty and began another. But a conquest is rarely so simple, and battles both before and after Hastings played pivotal roles in the sculpting of English, British and European destiny.Our debut series, the English Game of Thrones, begins with a battle exactly 50 years to the week before Hastings – a battle at which a single act of betrayal changed the course of English history – the Battle of Assandun in 1016. Subscribe to our channel right here, and follow us on Instagram @bitesizebattles 

Link to VideoLink to Podcast Join us in the final part of this epic tale!We are right up to 1066 in the last episode where Paul and Calum take you through the characters, history and context of The Battle of Hastings. It has been a journey and we hope you enjoy this final episode. Paul and Calum go into the battle in great detail. The Battle of Hastings[a] was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory.

In the episode we cover some key events from this period including the Magna Carta, the Black Death and the Peasants Revolt. We also look at how the English language has developed from other languages including Norman French.

We (Lee Kyle and the nation's sweetheart Sammy Dobson) are delighted that you have chosen us for your podcast needs. We've earned it though, this is episode 133 mate. You can't put a price on that amount of content. Well, you can and t's free. This week, Lee is having a slight Edinburgh Fringe tiredness breakdown and they decide Which is the Best (For that is the name of the podcast) between: Synonyms (Synonym list in cuneiform on a clay tablet, Neo-Assyrian period[1] A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another lexeme (word or phrase) in the same language. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. For example, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another. Words are typically synonymous in one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family. Synonyms with the exact same meaning share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and thus overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes called cognitive synonyms and the latter, near-synonyms[2], plesionyms[3] or poecilonyms[4]. Contents 1 Lexicography 2 Etymology 3 Examples 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Lexicography Some lexicographers claim that no synonyms have exactly the same meaning (in all contexts or social levels of language) because etymology, orthography, phonic qualities, ambiguous meanings, usage, and so on make them unique. Different words that are similar in meaning usually differ for a reason: feline is more formal than cat; long and extended are only synonyms in one usage and not in others (for example, a long arm is not the same as an extended arm). Synonyms are also a source of euphemisms. Metonymy can sometimes be a form of synonymy: the White House is used as a synonym of the administration in referring to the U.S. executive branch under a specific president. Thus a metonym is a type of synonym, and the word metonym is a hyponym of the word synonym. The analysis of synonymy, polysemy, hyponymy, and hypernymy is inherent to taxonomy and ontology in the information-science senses of those terms. It has applications in pedagogy and machine learning, because they rely on word-sense disambiguation. Etymology The word comes from Ancient Greek sýn (σύν; "with") and ónoma (ὄνομα; "name"). Examples Synonyms can be any part of speech, as long as both words belong to the same part of speech. Examples: verb buy and purchase adjective big and large adverb quickly and speedily preposition on and upon Synonyms are defined with respect to certain senses of words: pupil as the aperture in the iris of the eye is not synonymous with student. Such like, he expired means the same as he died, yet my passport has expired cannot be replaced by my passport has died. In English, many synonyms emerged in the Middle Ages, after the Norman conquest of England. While England's new ruling class spoke Norman French, the lower classes continued to speak Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Thus, today we have synonyms like the Norman-derived people, liberty and archer, and the Saxon-derived folk, freedom and bowman. For more examples, see the list of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English. and Cinnamon (A spice)

The early 13th century saw the arrival of a new wave of Frenchmen on the English shores. Some came as conquerors, and some came as nobles and courtiers looking for land and titles. During this period, Norman French started to … Continue reading →

The Earl of Musgrave, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was a man used to hearing speeches wherever he went. However, the speech he heard in Ballytrent, Co. Wexford in 1836 was unlike anything he had ever heard before. There he received ‘The humble address of the inhabitants of the Barony of Forth, Wexford' or, as they put it, ‘Ye soumissive Spakeen o'ouz Dwelleres o' Baronie Forthe, Weisforthe.' The address, read by Edmund Hore, was neither Modern English nor Irish; the Lord Lieutenant was listening to one of the last speakers of an almost forgotten dialect – Yola. Its origins lie with the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century. As the newcomers established a foothold in Wexford and the south-east they brought their medieval Middle English language with them.  Yola was the unique, distinctive badge of the Norman culture as spoken by the isolated inhabitants of Forth and Bargy. As Richard Roche observed, 'there are elements of Norman French and Flemish in the dialect reflecting the presence of those nationalities among the early colonists and from the 16th century, when the English language was on the decline in Ireland Irish began to influence the dialect also. Yola helped preserve traditions, customs, a way of life for many centuries and to make Forth and Bargy a truly alien enclave in Ireland. The stay-at-home disposition of the people of the region and the fact that they rarely married outside their own districts helped to preserve the dialect'. Brian Mathews tells us a bit more about this intriguing dialect in our audio piece with renowned historian, Nicky Furlong, giving a few further examples. Anyone seeking further information on Yola should look for 'Poole's glossary of the old dialect of the English colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy' edited by T.P. Dolan and Diarmaid O'Muirthe. Ask for Celestine Murphy in Wexford Town library for further information. Narrators of this audio clip: Heather Hadrill, Brian Matthews and Nicky Furlong, 2017 Text: John Ward See https://www.racontour.com/the-norman-way/ for more content on south Wexford Email info@racontour.com

We chat about the Norman French influence on Anglo-Saxon words for animals and meat, the powerful emotional and political aspects of the words we use for food, and then delve into Latin technical terms for farmyard animals, ending off with Virgil's pastoral poems, the Eclogues.

In the two decades that followed the Norman Conquest, most of the land in England passed into the hands of French-speaking nobles. This process not only brought the feudal system to England, it also brought the French language to the peasants out in the countryside. In this episode, we explore these developments, and we look at some of the first words to pass from Norman French into English.  We also examine an early Middle English passage from Robert of Gloucester. TRANSCRIPT: EPISODE 69

Many scholars consider the Norman Conquest of England to be the most important event in the history of the English language. The man who directed that conquest was William of Normandy. In this episode, we examine William's rise from a young Duke to the eve of the Norman Conquest. It was a rise marked by a series of broken promises. Along the way, we will examine more features of Norman French which impacted English. And we will return to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to see how this history was documented in the Old English language which was soon to be wiped away. TRANSCRIPT: EPISODE 66

The Normandy of William the Conqueror was a product of the feudal age of Western Europe. In this episode, we explore the history of feudalism, and we examine words associated with feudalism which entered the English language. We also look at the early history of Normandy to see how it fits into the feudal puzzle.  Along the way, we examine certain aspects of Norman French, and we explore some of the differences between the Norman French dialect and the standard Old French spoken in places like Paris. TRANSCRIPT: EPISODE 64

Our Version Of the Well-Loved Christmas Classic: "The First Noel " Lyrics BelowCheck out our Christmas Carols, Hymns and Songs Free at the iTunes Store for you to enjoy during the Christmas Season from Shiloh Worship Music as we remember that "Jesus Is The Reason For The Season". https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/silent-night-longer-version/id478047965?i=108255371&mt=2Many different styles of Music from Traditional to Contemporary. May you have a Blessed Christmas Season as you contemplate and celebrate the birth of our Savior the Lord Jesus! Although our music is copyrighted ©2000-2012 Shiloh Worship Music, to prevent misuse, feel free to pass this music around for any and all non-commercial use. Jesus said, "freely you have received, freely give!"The First Noel is unknown in origin but is generally thought to be English dating back to the sixteenth century. There is a misconception that the First Noel was French and it is believed that this is because of the French spelling of Noel as opposed to the olde English Anglo-Saxon spelling of the word as in Nowell. After England was captured by the Normans numerous words were adopted from the Norman French language and Noel was re-spelt as Nowell, early printed versions of this carol use the Nowell spelling. The First Noel was first published in 1833 when it appeared in "Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern," a collection of seasonal carols gathered by William B. Sandys.LYRICSThe First Noel, the Angels did say
Was to certain poor shepherds in fields as they lay
In fields where they lay keeping their sheep
On a cold winter's night that was so deep.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

They looked up and saw a star
Shining in the East beyond them far
And to the earth it gave great light
And so it continued both day and night.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

And by the light of that same star
Three Wise men came from country far
To seek for a King was their intent
And to follow the star wherever it went.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

This star drew nigh to the northwest
O'er Bethlehem it took its rest
And there it did both Pause and stay
Right o'er the place where Jesus lay.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

Then entered in those Wise men three
Full reverently upon their knee
And offered there in His presence
Their gold and myrrh and frankincense.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel! 

Then let us all with one accord
Sing praises to our heavenly Lord
That hath made Heaven and earth of nought
And with his blood mankind has bought.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel! 
COPY FREELY ©2011 Shiloh Worship Music-This Music Recording is copyrighted to prevent misuse, however,permission is grantedfor non-commercial copying only.Traditional Christmas Carol-Public DomainThese videos are works of Video Artwork created to accompany our original music as an educational and research vehicle to teach others about Jesus Christ and Christianity.COPYRIGHT NOTICE: images used for nonprofit, educational purposes only under the "fair use" provision of U.S. Code, Title 17, section 107.

The First Noel, the Angels did say
Was to certain poor shepherds in fields as they lay
In fields where they lay keeping their sheep
On a cold winter's night that was so deep.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

They looked up and saw a star
Shining in the East beyond them far
And to the earth it gave great light
And so it continued both day and night.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

And by the light of that same star
Three Wise men came from country far
To seek for a King was their intent
And to follow the star wherever it went.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

This star drew nigh to the northwest
O'er Bethlehem it took its rest
And there it did both Pause and stay
Right o'er the place where Jesus lay.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel!

Then entered in those Wise men three
Full reverently upon their knee
And offered there in His presence
Their gold and myrrh and frankincense.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel! 

Then let us all with one accord
Sing praises to our heavenly Lord
That hath made Heaven and earth of nought
And with his blood mankind has bought.
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel! The First Noel is unknown in origin but is generally thought to be English dating back to the sixteenth century. There is a misconception that the First Noel was French and it is believed that this is because of the French spelling of Noel as opposed to the olde English Anglo-Saxon spelling of the word as in Nowell. After England was captured by the Normans numerous words were adopted from the Norman French language and Noel was re-spelt as Nowell, early printed versions of this carol use the Nowell spelling. The First Noel was first published in 1833 when it appeared in "Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern," a collection of seasonal carols gathered by William B. Sandys.
COPY FREELY ©2011 Shiloh Worship Music-This Music Recording is copyrighted to prevent misuse, however,permission is grantedfor non-commercial copying only.Traditional Christmas Carol-Public Domain