Podcast appearances and mentions of jean claude duvalier

La Corte Penal Internacional ha emitido órdenes de detención contra el primer ministro israelí, Benjamin Nentayahu, y su exministro de Defensa Yoav Gallant, como máximos responsables de la comisión de crímenes de guerra y lesa humanidad en la Franja de Gaza. Hablamos con Reed Brody, abogado, exportavoz de HRW, que se especializa en perseguir a líderes que parecen estar fuera del alcance de la justicia, como fue en su día Pinochet o el haitiano Jean Claude Duvalier. Escuchar audio

Content warning for discussion of genocide, torture, mutilation, rape, and slavery Hey, Hi, Hello, this is the History Wizard and welcome back for Day 16 of Have a Day w/ The History Wizard. Thank you to everyone who tuned in for Day 15 last week, and especially thank you to everyone who rated and/or reviewed the podcast. I hope you all learned something last week and I hope the same for this week. This week marks the 7th part of our mini series of currently ongoing genocides and humanitarian crises. Episode 2 was on Palestine, Episode 11 was on Congo, episode 12 was on Sudan, episode 13 was on Xinjiang, episode 14 was on Rakhine State, episode 15 was on Tigray, and today's episode will focus on the current situation in Haiti. Today's trip to the Alchemist's Table will look somewhat similar to last weeks. This drink is called Persephone's Wedding. It starts with muddled mint before adding some lavender simple syrup and 2 oz of gin. Strain all that over ice and stir for about 30 seconds before topping with lemonade and garnishing with mint. Starting in 1492 Haiti became one of the first European colonies following Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean with the settlement at La Navidad. Haiti would remain under European control until their revolution that ended in 1804. We're glossing pretty heavily over the Haitian Revolution in today's episode because the Haitian Revolution and the subsequent Haitian Massacre will be a later episode on this podcast. Now, just because Haiti was now an independent nation and no longer a French colony didn't mean that the country was free of European influence or control. Spain, Germany, and Britain still had large amounts of economic and political sway in the island nation. This would especially be the case when US President Woodrow Wilson, that racist movie loving fuck, sent the Marines to occupy Port au-Prince. Germany was also heavily invested in the island nation, and while the US wasn't in World War 1 yet, they had severe anxieties over an anti-American, and pro-German, president being installed so they took over the nation, overthrew Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, the then president of Haiti. The Marines declared martial law and severely censored the press. Within weeks, a new pro-U.S. Haitian president, Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, was installed and a new constitution written that was favorable to the interests of the United States. The constitution (written by future US President Franklin D. Roosevelt) included a clause that allowed, for the first time, foreign ownership of land in Haiti, which was bitterly opposed by the Haitian legislature and citizenry. The US would keep a firm grip on Haitian politics, even after their occupation ended in 1934. Haiti would now enter an even greater period of political instability (which is not to say that US occupation was a good thing, an end of colonial occupation often sees old ethnic tensions flare up and massive violence enacted to dismantle colonial power structures). The president at the end of the occupation, Sténio Vincent was forced to step down under US pressure in 1941 and was replaced by Élie Lescot who served until 1946 when he was overthrown in a military coup d'etat and replaced by Dumarsais Estimé until 1950 when HE was overthrown in a military coup and replaced by the staunchly anti-communist Paul Magloire who was strongly supported by the US. Now despite the massive amounts of political instability that we just discussed, it is about to get worse with the Duvalier dynasty.  In 1956–57 Haiti underwent severe political turmoil; Magloire was forced to resign and leave the country in 1956 and he was followed by four short-lived presidencies. In the September 1957 election François Duvalier was elected President of Haiti. Known as 'Papa Doc' and initially popular, Duvalier remained President until his death in 1971. He advanced black interests in the public sector, where over time, people of color had predominated as the educated urban elite. Not trusting the army, despite his frequent purges of officers deemed disloyal, Duvalier created a private militia known as Tontons Macoutes ("Bogeymen"), which maintained order by terrorizing the populace and political opponents. In 1964 Duvalier proclaimed himself 'President for Life'; an uprising against his rule that year in Jérémie was violently suppressed, with the ringleaders publicly executed and hundreds of mixed-raced citizens in the town killed. The bulk of the educated and professional class began leaving the country, and corruption became widespread. Duvalier sought to create a personality cult, identifying himself with Baron Samedi, one of the loa (or lwa), or spirits, of Haitian Vodou. Despite the well-publicized abuses under his rule, Duvalier's firm anti-Communism earned him the support of the Americans, who furnished the country with aid. This is something you will find about the United States. While they style themselves the land of the free and the home of the brave they're more than willing to finance and support dictators as long as they 1. Oppose communism and 2. Give the US a free hand to control their economy. So it didn't matter to the “Greatest Country on Earth” is Papa Doc was killing mixed race people and all of his political opponents. He was anti-communist and that was good enough. Now there WAS a coup attempt against Duvalier in the first year of his reign (the first of many) led by some of the military officials he had fired. Those men thought that they could come riding back in and that the people, fed up of Papa Doc's growing autocratic tendencies, would rally to them and they would quickly restore the old social order. But Haiti had gone through 4 presidents the year before Papa Doc came into office and while he wasn't the best loved president, he was considered competent (having previous served as Minister of Health) and he was bringing order and stability to the country. So the coup attempters.. There's got to be a better way of saying that, were all killed and their bodies dragged through the streets of Port au-Prince, as if each citizen was a little Achilles dragging Hector around the walls of Troy. Papa Doc, despite the multiple coup attempts, did reign as president for life. He was still President when he died in 1971 and was immediately replaced by his son Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed Baby Doc. Baby Doc assumed the “presidency” at the age of 19, making him the youngest president in world history. Jean-Claude tried to reign back some of the harsher policies of his father, but was still deposed in a popular uprising in 1986 and forced to step down and flee the country. Haiti would then fall under the rule of its military for a brief time and then had a series of bad elections and even more coups. There was a coup in June of 1988, another in September of 1988, and a third one in September of 1991. The US would send troops in under Operation Uphold Democracy to try and bring some stability to Haiti. Though, as is always the case when the US tries to bring free market reforms and “democracy” to a country they did a shitty job of it.  Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who had been elected president in 1990 and had been deposed in the 1991 coup returned to finish out his term, lost in 1995, but was reelected again in the year 2000. He would then be deposed AGAIN in 2004 in another coup d'etat.  One of Aristide's worst decisions while in office was when he outlawed pro-Duvalier militias like the Macoute, but he also ordered the disbandment of the Haitian Army. So the Army disbanded, but never disarmed and just would up forming or joining various militia groups. From 1994 to 2004, a de facto anti-Arisitide insurgency took place in Port-au-Prince, as ex-soldiers attacked the government. In response to the chaos, youth set up self-defense groups, called chimères, which were supported by the police and the government to shore up its position. Receiving de facto state support from Aristide's Fanmi Lavalas party, the youth gangs took control of entire communes and became increasingly independent-minded. U.S. diplomat Daniel Lewis Foote argued, "Aristide started [the gangs] on purpose in the early 1980s, as a voice, as a way to get some power [for ordinary Hatians], [...] and they morphed over the years." Now, the precise nature of the events of the 2004 coup are disputed; some, including Aristide and his bodyguard, Franz Gabriel, stated that he was the victim of a "new coup d'état or modern kidnapping" by U.S. forces. These charges were denied by the US government. As political violence and crime continued to grow, a United Nations Stabilisation Mission (MINUSTAH) was brought in to maintain order. However, MINUSTAH proved controversial, since their periodically heavy-handed approach to maintaining law and order and several instances of abuses, including the alleged sexual abuse of civilians, provoked resentment and distrust among ordinary Haitians. So now Haiti has no standing army, armed militias and gangs fighting on and off in the streets, an UN peacekeeping mission sexually abusing civilians and they're about to be hit with a Magnitude 7 earthquake. On 12 January 2010, at 4:53 pm local time, Haiti was struck by a magnitude-7.0 earthquake. This was the country's most severe earthquake in over 200 years. The earthquake was reported to have left between 160,000 and 300,000 people dead and up to 1.6 million homeless, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. It is also one of the deadliest earthquakes ever recorded. The situation was exacerbated by a subsequent massive cholera outbreak that was triggered when cholera-infected waste from a United Nations peacekeeping station contaminated the country's main river, the Artibonite. In 2017, it was reported that roughly 10,000 Haitians had died and nearly a million had been made ill. After years of denial, the United Nations apologized in 2016, but as of 2017, they have refused to acknowledge fault, thus avoiding financial responsibility. And now, we're at the Haitian Gang War. The Vox journalist Ellen Ioanes summarized the beginnings of the situation quite well: "Haiti has faced serious and compounding crises, including a devastating 2010 earthquake, floods, cholera outbreaks, hurricanes, and corrupt, dictatorial, and incompetent leaders". Gangs stepped into the power vacuum, seizing political power through co-operative politicians and economic control through protection rackets, kidnappings and murders. As of 2022 researchers form the NGO Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime have estimated that there are some 200 gangs in Haiti and that most of them are set up somewhere in Port au-Prince. Sexual violence from members of these gangs is a common crime being committed nearly daily against people from rival gang territories. Rape only became a crime in Haiti in 2005 and abortion is still illegal, so rape victims are legally required to keep those children. Though as we know, making abortion illegal doesn't stop abortions, it just stops safe ones. One of the most powerful gangs in Haiti at this time is, technically, an alliance of gangs, called the G9 alliance is lead by a former police officer named Jimmy Chérizier, nicknamed Barbecue. G9 is based in the capital's communes of Delmas, Pétion-Ville and parts of Carrefour. The G9 alliance includes many former soldiers and policemen in its ranks and was long connected to the PHTK party (which is a Center-Right political party) until distancing itself after Ariel Henry became president. The G9 now portrays itself as a revolutionary organization, and has begun to create a nation-wide alliance network dubbed "G20". Since the coalition was founded, it has been responsible for multiple massacres against civilians and clashes with other rival gangs. From 2020 to 2021, the G9 was responsible for a dozen massacres, in which at least 200 people were killed. The G9 was believed to have had close ties to the government of Moïse, which was accused of large-scale corruption. The coalition members frequently evaded prosecution after the massacres and the clashes. Chérizier stood out in that regard because despite the arrest warrants against him, he continued to move freely and to maintain an active presence on social media with no effective attempts by Haitian government forces to arrest him. The G9 also began attacking neighborhoods in which civilians protested against the president and started clashes against rival gangs with the support of the police. Now, in 2021 Jovenel Moïse, the 43rd president of Haiti was assassinated and then Ariel Henry (who some suspect to be involved in the assassination) served as acting Prime Minister of the country until he stepped down this past April. Henry's removal from power was long sought by the G9 gang alliance. Cherizier had this to say on the issue in March 2024 "If Ariel Henry doesn't resign, if the international community continues to support him, we'll be heading straight for a civil war that will lead to genocide"  "Either Haiti becomes a paradise or a hell for all of us. It's out of the question for a small group of rich people living in big hotels to decide the fate of people living in working-class neighborhoods," he added. Now, while there are over 200 gangs in Haiti at the moment most of them have allied themselves with the G9 alliance, or with the gang alliance that popped up to oppose the G9, known as G-Pep. But also, as of late 2022 an anti-gang bwa kale vigilante movement emerged to attack and kill any gang members. The vigilantes often burned captured gang members alive. Of course, the gangs responded with counter attacks against both the vigilantes and anyone who expressed support of the vigilanties. By mid-2023, the gang war between G9 and G-Pep continued unabated, and the resistance by anti-gang vigilantes also grew in scope. Thousands of people were displaced by the clashes. The severity of the ongoing gang war in Haiti has led to the United Nations Security Council authorizing a one-year deployment of an international force led by Kenya to help the Haitian government deal with the crisis. Chérizier declared that G9 would resist if an international intervention force committed "human rights abuses" and claimed that it would "be a fight of the Haitian people to save the dignity of our country." Despite the horrors he is committing against his own people Cherizier really and truly believes that he is fighting on behalf of a free Haiti. There isn't a genocide in Haiti, as of yet, but there is a massive civil war between militias and gangs with human rights abuses on all sides of this conflict. On 18 June 2024, the International Organization for Migration reported that more than 580,000 people have been displaced by the increased violence in Haiti since March of 2024. The report also warned that since most of the people displaced have been from communities already struggling with poor social conditions, there may be more tension and violence in the coming days. An international policing force, known as Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti was authorized under UN Resolution 2699 on October 2, 2023 to assist the Haitian National Police in stopping this gang war. Nations who will be taking place in this mission include Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, Guyana, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Dominica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Jamaica, Kenya, Suriname, and the Bahamas. The first deployment of 400 troops from Kenya has officially put boots on the ground as of June 25, 2024.  This ongoing gang war will not be resolved anytime soon and it can, and will, get worse before it gets better. Haiti has never had a chance to build a stable society or government. A long and ongoing history of foreign interference, ceaseless coups and natural disasters mean that Haiti has always been on the back foot. We also have to take into account Haiti's natural resources, because that's the only reason any imperial power would ever care about Haiti. According to WorldAtlas.com, recent findings suggest that Haiti might have some of the largest oil reserves in the world, potentially larger than those of Venezuela. The country is estimated to be sitting on about 159 billion cubic feet of natural gas and 142 million barrels of oil, with undiscovered reserves possibly holding up to 941 million barrels of crude oil and about 1.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. According the the State Department the US doesn't currently have plans to send troops to Haiti. I'm sure that will change. That's it for this week folks. No new reviews, so let's get right into the outro. Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard is brought to you by me, The History Wizard. If you want to see/hear more of me you can find me on Tiktok @thehistorywizard or on Instagram @the_history_wizard. Please remember to rate, review, and subscribe to Have a Day! On your pod catcher of choice. The more you do, the more people will be able to listen and learn along with you. Thank you  for sticking around until the end and, as always, Have a Day, and Free Haiti.      

Papa Doc kan ikke slås ihjel! Det påstår han i hvert fald selv. Og i løbet af 1960'erne får han opbygget et image som en halvgudommelig voodoo-troldmand, der hersker over liv og død. I virkeligheden er han ved at blive en gammel svagelig mand med sukkersyge. Han er nød til at udpege en efterfølger til herskertronen og det hvide palads. Og desværre er der kun én oplagt kandidat - hans uduelige teenagesøn; Baby Doc. Manuskript: Oskar Bundgaard. Lydesign: Mikkel Rønnau. Fortæller: Emil Rothstein-Christensen. Soundtrack: Mikkel Bøgeskov Andersson & Mikkel Rønnau. Redaktører: Tobias Ingemann & Emil Rothstein-Christensen. DRredaktør: Anders Eriksen Stegger. Produceret for P3 af MonoMono. Kilder: Papa Doc: Haiti and its Dictator: Barnard Diederich & Al Burt. Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers: James Ferguson. Francois & Jean-Claude Duvalier; Erin Condit. Haiti: A Shattered Nation; Elizabeth Abbott. Written in Blood: Robert Debs Heinl. Third-World Folk Beliefs: Haiti Medical Anthropology: Bryant C. Freeman. Dominican Republic & Haiti country studies: Helen Chapin Metz (red).

Tonton Macoute er navnet på et børneædende uhyre der kommer frem om natten i Haitianske eventyr. Men det er også det befolkningen kalder Papa Docs nye private hær. Uniformen er cowboyhat, solbriller og maskingevær. Og at møde dem er som at være med i et vågent mareridt. Manuskript: Oskar Bundgaard. Lydesign: Mikkel Rønnau. Fortæller: Emil Rothstein-Christensen. Soundtrack: Mikkel Bøgeskov Andersson & Mikkel Rønnau. Redaktører: Tobias Ingemann & Emil Rothstein-Christensen. DRredaktør: Anders Eriksen Stegger. Produceret for P3 af MonoMono Kilder: Papa Doc: Haiti and its Dictator: Barnard Diederich & Al Burt Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers: James Ferguson Francois & Jean-Claude Duvalier; Erin Condit Haiti: A Shattered Nation; Elizabeth Abbott Written in Blood: Robert Debs Heinl Third-World Folk Beliefs: Haiti Medical Anthropology: Bryant C. Freeman Dominican Republic & Haiti country studies: Helen Chapin Metz (red)

Haiti har i over 150 år været i mere eller mindre konstant krise. Men der er et glimt af håb den dag den gode læge Francois Duvalier bliver valgt som præsident i 1957. Et kort glimt. For der hviler en forbandelse over præsidentpaladset i Haiti og på få måneder er den gode læge forvandlet til den onde doktor. Papa Doc, der kommer til at gøre livet i Haiti meget, meget værre end det var før. Manuskript: Oskar Bundgaard. Lydesign: Mikkel Rønnau. Fortæller: Emil Rothstein-Christensen. Soundtrack: Mikkel Bøgeskov Andersson & Mikkel Rønnau. Redaktører: Tobias Ingemann & Emil Rothstein-Christensen. DRredaktør: Anders Eriksen Stegger. Produceret for P3 af MonoMono. Kilder: Papa Doc: Haiti and its Dictator: Barnard Diederich & Al Burt Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers: James Ferguson Francois & Jean-Claude Duvalier; Erin Condit Haiti: A Shattered Nation; Elizabeth Abbott Written in Blood: Robert Debs Heinl Third-World Folk Beliefs: Haiti Medical Anthropology: Bryant C. Freeman Dominican Republic & Haiti country studies: Helen Chapin Metz (red)

O Haiti está mergulhado no caos. A Comunidade Regional das Caraíbas aposta numa transição após a confirmação de demissão do primeiro ministro Ariel Henry. Numa altura em que bandos armados semeiam o terror em largos sectores da capital para o romance, Rafael Lucas, professor catedrático haitiano radicado em França, começa por afirmar que este virar de página permite abrir novas perspectivas para esta antiga colónia francesa. Rafael Lucas: Vai abrir novas perspectivas. Porque até ao dia da sua demissão a situação estava bloqueada e piorando.RFI: Por ora, pensa-se que seja previsível que Ariel Henry se mantenha nos Estados Unidos [Porto Rico]. Portanto, este neurocirurgião muito provavelmente vai deixar a política activa haitiana.Acho que ele não terá hipótese de voltar para o Haiti porque é um dos presidentes mais impopulares que houve na história do Haiti. É até meio estranho que não tenha sido assassinado, como aconteceu com o presidente Jovenel [Moïse] em 2021.Jovenel Moïse tinha sido assassinado. Desde então, não foi possível haver eleições. E de repente, agora a comunidade das Caraíbas quer começar a preparar eleições. E fala nomeadamente num Conselho de transição. Que garantias há que este Conselho de Transição pode dar e como é que é possível, de facto, equacionar eleições num país que está a mando dos bandos armados?É isso porque para mim é impossível ! Porque organizar eleições num país em que os bandidos já ocuparam o Palácio de Justiça durante três meses e em que também eles estão a ocupar quase 50% da capital. E eles são muito bem armados, têm até carros blindados. Vai ser difícil. É uma nova Somália. Vai ser difícil restabelecer uma ordem institucional num caso desses !Porque até o aeroporto da capital é um alvo destes bandos armados e muitas empresas e companhias aéreas já não se atrevem a voar para Port au Prince, para o Aeroporto Toussaint Louverture...É isso e digamos que a solução, a resposta que as empresas encontraram e os turistas também é desembarcar em cidades provincianas. Além disso, os bandidos tentavam impedir que as mercadorias com destino à província impediram que chegassem. E isso sufocava aos poucos os empresários provincianos. Quer dizer, era uma espécie de cancro, esses bandidos.E um deles é o chamado "Barbecue", um antigo polícia que se poderia traduzir por "Churrasco". Como é que este antigo polícia aterroriza o país? Impõe a demissão do primeiro ministro ! E falava mesmo num risco de genocídio !Ele é um antigo polícia de família paupérrima. Ele diz que a sua mãe morreu na miséria e que é por isso, para vingar a mãe, que ele tornou-se um terrorista para castigar os burgueses. Mas na realidade, muitas pessoas que ele queimou, infelizmente, é o termo eram pessoas ou da pequena burguesia, ou até mesmo do povo. Era uma espécie de inquisidor, mas sem a dimensão religiosa da Inquisição. E depois ele organizou os bandos numa confederação que se chama G9, imitando as instituições internacionais. Como a oposição quase não existe, ou está no exterior do país...quer dizer, há poucas pessoas da oposição que tenham direito à palavra, ou que têm também certa presença na capital. Então ele, perante esse vazio, ele acaba por emergir.Este Conselho presidencial que a Comunidade das Caraíbas quer implementar, impõem condições às pessoas que vão integrar este Conselho Presidencial. Depois não se podem apresentar às eleições. Eleições... ninguém sabe, nesta fase, como é que seriam exequíveis. A comunidade caribenha tem aqui um plano sólido ? Ela também vai jogar, em grande medida, a sua credibilidade em relação ao acompanhamento que der a Haiti, não é?Vai ser difícil porque com uma capital ocupada, quer dizer 50% da capital sob o domínio dos bandidos. E dos bandidos, que não são simples bandidos. São sequestradores, torturadores, torcionários e têm uma crueldade horripilante. Não vai ser fácil. Além disso, eles acostumaram-se à impunidade. Os poucos que tinham sido presos quando, nos últimos momentos de desordem, os bandidos assaltaram as prisões e libertaram os bandidos presos. Então, é o que vai multiplicar os factores de desordem ! Vai ser difícil, neste contexto, organizar eleições, encontrar pessoas que quiserem apresentar-se sabendo que vão trabalhar para os futuros responsáveis do país.Enquanto isso, vemos que há de novo diplomatas internacionais a deixar Port au Prince por questões de segurança e que ainda não há uma força multinacional. Embora os Estados Unidos tenham anunciado uma ajuda para que ela possa vir a ser mobilizada. Todos nós sabemos que a força policial queniana ainda não chegou. Portanto, por enquanto, o Haiti está sozinho ?!Eu acho que a ideia da força multinacional é uma boa ideia neste contexto, é a ideia mais pertinente.Falou da Somália e dos receios de que o Haiti venha a ser uma nova Somália. Ora, a Somália foi um pesadelo para muitos actores internacionais de relevo, caso dos Estados Unidos. O problema vai ser quem mobilizar, imagino ? Para conseguir dar homens, dar contingentes, dar efectivos para uma força multinacional deste género !O importante seria o número de actores de soldados que poderão pôr em acção. Porque se for uma força reduzida não vai ser possível. Tem que ser uma força que seja em termos de números, bastante impressionante, bastante numerosa, para que possa, digamos, sufocar os bandidos pelo número.Ou seja, são praticamente 40 anos de instabilidade política crónica no Haiti, não é? Desde a queda de Jean-Claude Duvalier, em 1986 !Exacto. É que depois da queda do Jean-Claude Duvalier. O presidente seguinte foi o Jean-Bertrand Aristide, um padre. Ele teve a desastrosa ideia de suprimir o exército. O resultado é que multiplica de maneira exponencial a delinquência ! E ele tinha substituído o Exército por uma polícia de 5 000 homens para uma população de 10 milhões de habitantes e uma população miserável, com imensas desigualdades sociais !  Aquele desequilíbrio numérico entre uma delinquência muito difundida e uma polícia muito reduzida continuou naturalmente. E já no tempo de Duvalier havia uma milícia civil de 300.000 homens contra um exército de 20 000 homens, então 300 000 bandidos e 20 000 soldados ! É esse desequilíbrio, o factor de aumento da delinquência, continuou até hoje.E neste momento, o país está à procura de uma mulher ou de um homem providencial !Há um exemplo não muito longe do Haiti, o presidente do Salvador [Nayib] Bukele.Ele está disposto em tentar ajudar o Haiti, não é? Foi isso que ele disse !Que tem uns métodos dissuasivos !Eficazes.Eficazes !Em relação aos traficantes de droga no seu país natal.Sim, sim.

Curator Matthew Barrington marks 220 years since the Haitian Revolution, the only successful slave uprising, unreeling how resistance continues with a series of films, from the first zombie horrors, to contemporary Caribbean and diasporic documentaries. The Caribbean island of Haiti is often reduced to binary representations, of the 18th century Haitian Revolution and its iconic leader, Toussaint Louverture, or environmental disasters, with the earthquake of 2010. But resistance has long been central to Haitian identities and the popular imagination - past and present. Since 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived on Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic, Spanish, Dutch, English, and French colonists all attempted to ‘settle' the land. The Revolution was the first and only successful uprising of self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in the island region of Saint-Domingue, a rebellion that still resounds across the islands and diasporas today - whether in the words of Naomi Osaka, or filmmakers like Esery Mondesir, who say ‘we've been screaming Black Lives Matter (#BLM) for over 200 years'. Marking 220 years since the Revolution, and formation of the first independent Black republic on 1 January 1804, Barbican Cinema curator Matthew Barrington shares some of the ways Haiti is depicted on screen. We cover 70 years of films, travelling from ‘exotic' plantations to more everyday scenes, starting with Victor Halperin's White Zombie (1932), which birthed the horror genre. Drawing on Bela Lugosi's portrayal of factory owner Murder Legendre, and own othering, we discuss how such movies often sensationalised local spiritual practices as ‘superstitions', and reinforced racial and gender hierarchies with their Western European-centric gaze. But they can also be read more subversively, in relation to colonialism, as evidence of forced labour, slavery, and capitalist extraction. We find similar tropes in gothic and body horrors, from vampires to killer plants, and connect with post-colonial landscapes across the Caribbean like Cuba. Contemporary filmmakers also grapple with the ‘ghosts' of colonialism and capitalism. Matthew explains how the continued extraction of wealth from the islands, many of which were forced to pay reparations to their former enslavers, has perpetuated political instability, forcing many into exile or to migrate for economic opportunities. He shares classic films by Raoul Peck and Arnold Antonin, connecting with Third Cinema, and more experimental works by award-winning makers like Miryam Charles and Gessica Généus. Exploring the occupation and ongoing intervention by the US, and the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier in the 1970s and 1980s, we see how the distance of diasporas often creates the conditions for rebellion, protest, and radical community-building today, as well as pluralising perspectives of well-known landscapes, like New York City. Finally, we discuss the importance of art, visual culture, and Carnival in the context of this ongoing underdevelopment and high illiteracy rates in Haiti, and how public institutions like the National Portrait Gallery will mark this vital anniversary. Visions of Haiti ran at the Barbican Cinema in London throughout October 2023. WITH: Matthew Barrington, film curator and researcher. Matthew is the Manager of the Birkbeck Institute for the Moving Image in London, a programmer for the Essay Film Festival and the London Korean Film Festival, and has worked with the Open City Documentary Festival. He is also a curator of cinema at the Barbican Centre, including the series, Visions of Haiti. ART: ‘White Zombie, Victor Halperin (1932) (EMPIRE LINES x Visions of Haiti, Barbican Cinema)'. SOUNDS: ‘White Zombie, Victor Halperin (1932)'. PRODUCER: Jelena Sofronijevic. Follow EMPIRE LINES on Instagram: instagram.com/empirelinespodcast And Twitter: twitter.com/jelsofron/status/1306563558063271936 Support EMPIRE LINES on Patreon: patreon.com/empirelines

François Duvalier claimed to be immortal, the reincarnation of a dark spirit: Baron Samedi. He built a torture room in the Presidential Palace, talked to the decapitated heads of his enemies, and used the Tonton Macoute to terrorize Haiti.This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Visit betterhelp.com/DUBIOUS today to get 10% off your first month of therapy. If you like our content, please become a patron to get all our episodes ad-free. Papa Doc Duvalier was one of the most ruthless dictators in history, ruling Haiti with an iron fist from 1957 to 1971. He was a medical doctor educated in Michigan, in the United States who then used voudou and his own Wagner type militia called the Tonton Macoute to spread terror and unimaginable violence to consolidate power.1 But he had a secret: he had diabetes. After a diabetic coma, he woke up even more ruthless than before. He changed the Constitution twice, won rigged elections with the help of voodoo priests and the lwas, and had absolute power. Papa Doc killed more than 60,000 Haitians. Haiti was France's richest colony in the 18th century, one of the most prosperous nations in the Caribbean. It was so fertile that it was was known as “the pearl of the Antilles.” Revolting against the French masters, Haiti became the first slave colony to overthrow its oppressors, the first free black republic in the world in 1803. Then the French asked for monetary reparations which Haitians had to pay to avoid invasion, and the U.S. occupied and robbed Haiti of its riches. Events like the Bay of Pigs, Fidel Castro's rise to power in Cuba and the assassination of John F. Kennedy played a role in Haiti's history as well. After Papa Doc Duvalier's death, his “fat playboy” son, Jean-Claude Duvalier aka Baby Doc, came to power and managed to continue his father's kleptocracy for 15 more years before finally being overthrown. Now, Port-au-Prince as well as the rest of the country are in complete chaos, ruled by gangs and with virtually no government, no state officials left: Haiti is a failed state. Evolution Of Evil E01: Papa Doc Duvalier | Full Documentary 1. Albin Krebs Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty The New York Times, April 1971 ⇤

Poète et intellectuel engagé, Lyonel Trouillot, né en 1956 en Haïti où il vit toujours aujourd'hui, est l'auteur de nombreux romans tous distingués par la critique. Journaliste et professeur de littératures française et créole, il a fondé et anime à Port-au-Prince le collectif d'écriture Atelier Jeudi Soir. Il vient de publier deux recueils de poésie « Moi/Mwen » (édition bilingue français-créole haïtien) et « Malséance » préfacé par Laurent Gaudé, aux éditions Atlantiques Déchaînés. "Ce petit livre entreprend de faire entendre deux voix qui ne se ressemblent ni dans leur silence ni dans leurs mots. Qui ne sont pas animées du même souffle.Deux voix venues de loin. Venues d'endroits du monde où l'on n'apprend pas aux gens à dire « moi ».« Moi, Marc Aurèle ». Ceux qui ne disposent d'aucun moyen de faire la paix avec un ailleurs qui serait en mesure de rendre leur présent supportable, de leur servir de source intérieure, pour leur permettre d'avancer.« Moi, Lakataw ». Ceux qui ont amassé tant de blessures que le seul bien qui leur reste est un orage qui gronde en eux, une rage prête à dévorer tous ceux qui se mettraient en travers de son chemin.Avec, peut-être, pour les deux, une petite place pour l'amour.Ti liv sa a eseye fè tande de vwa ki pa sanble ni nan silans yo ni nan pawòl yo. Ki pa respire menm souf. De vwa ki soti Iwen. Ki soti kote nan monn lan yo pa aprann moun yo di « mwen ».« Mwen, Makorèl ». Sa ki pa gen mwayen fè lapè ak on aye ki ta ka rann jodi a sipòtab, sèvi yo yon sous k ap mache anndan yo, pou pèmet yo vanse.« Mwen, Lakataw ». Sa ki si tèlman ranmase mak blese, sèl byen ki rete yo son loraj k ap gronde anndan yo, on raj ki sou kous li, pa vini w ki pou sove w.Ak, petèt, kay tou le de, yon ti plas pou lanmou." (Présentation des éditions Atlantiques Déchaînés)"Prenant élan sur un poème écrit à vingt ans et lu par Hervé Denis le 1er août 1980 dans un spectacle par la suite interdit par la dictature de Jean-Claude Duvalier, Malséance oppose la violence verbale à la violence de l'histoire et du réel : pauvreté, racisme, héritages coloniaux, migration forcée, postures, impostures... mille formes de domination et de travestissements dans ce que le poète René Philoctète appelait « le procès des hommes contre l'homme ». Complicité, évidente ou discrète avec de nombreux poètes dans la fonte d'un je/nous : voix singulière et sujet collectif, la poésie devant être faite par tous.Passé, présent, colère, révolte, adhésion et rejet, voyages et transbordements, repères et pertes de repères, implacablement hostile à l'ordre, aux ordres, critique de la permanence et des actualités des malheurs du monde, Malséance est un soupçon de ce que la poésie ou peut-être l'intention poétique se doit d'être envers tous les pouvoirs : l'abolition des frontières et la plus résolue des impolitesses." (Présentation des éditions Atlantiques Déchaînés)

7 février 1986 - 7 février 2023, cela fait 37 ans depuis le départ de Jean Claude Duvalier au pouvoir. Date importante dans l'histoire d'Haïti puisqu'il s'agit selon plus d'uns d'une deuxième Indépendance en raison d'une dictature que le régime des Duvalier instaurait dans le pays. Haïti a-t-il vraiment tourné la page? En tout cas le pays continue de stagner dans une crise multidimensionnelle. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/jause-varin/message

Part II is here! And this time, Americans are involved. Digressions include: We Are the World (For Haiti), Teenage Boys, the Scramble for Africa and Fence Sitting Sources Amy Goodman, Westenley Alcenat, Juan González, Gerald Horne, Kim Ives, Debt, Coups & Colonialism in Haiti: France & U.S. Urged to Pay Reparations for Destroying Nation (2021) Bob Corbett, Review of "FROM DESSALINES TO DUVALIER" by David Nicholls and "HAITI IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: CLASS, RACE, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT SINCE 1700" by Alex Dupuy, Webster University, (1990) Catherine Porter, Constant Méheut, Matt Apuzzo and Selam Gebrekidan, The Ransom – The Root of Haiti's Misery: Reparations to Enslavers, The New York Times (2022) Colin Mckey, The Economic Consequences of The Haitian Revolution (2016) Constant Méheut and Selam Gebrekidan, A magnet for exploitation: Haiti over the centuries, The New York Times (2021) Daphney Pascal, Crisis in Haiti: The American Occupation 1915-1934, (2010) Elizabeth Abbott, The Ghosts of Duvalier, Foreign Policy (2011) Eric Nagourney, 6 Takeaways About Haiti's Reparations to France, The New York Times (2021) Fran Quigley, From cradle to grave, United States protected Jean-Claude Duvalier, IndyStar (2014) Greg Rosalsky, 'The Greatest Heist In History': How Haiti Was Forced To Pay Reparations For Freedom, NPR, (2021) Hossein Azadi and Eric Vanhaute, Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence, Land Journal (2019) Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Barbaric History of Sugar in America, The New York Times (2019) Matt Apuzzo, Constant Méheut, Selam Gebrekidan and Catherine Porter, How a French Bank Captured Haiti – The Ransom, The New York Times (2022) Merima Ali, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad, Abdulaziz B. Shif, Did British colonial rule in Africa foster a legacy of corruption among local elites?, London School of Economics (2020) Patrick Scheld, Who Really Controls Haiti's Destiny? An examination of Haiti's Historical Underdevelopment, Endless Poverty, and the Role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), (2018) Paul Cohen, On the Relationship Between Journalism and History: Thoughts on The New York Times Haiti Ransom Project, Age of Revolutions (2022) Rocio Cara Labrador and Diana Roy, Haiti's Troubled Path to Development, Council on Foreign Relation (2021) Siri Schubert, Haiti: The Long Road to Recovery, FrontLine World - PBS (n.d.) University of Missouri – St Louis, A New Institutional Economics Analysis of Duvalierism (n.d.)

What happened to Haiti? And was it inevitable? Join Aileen and Kariithi as they discuss who fucked with Haiti, and how they benefitted while Haitians suffered unequivocally. Digressions include: Mike Posner, Sauti Sol and Hades Sources Amy Goodman, Westenley Alcenat, Juan González, Gerald Horne, Kim Ives, Debt, Coups & Colonialism in Haiti: France & U.S. Urged to Pay Reparations for Destroying Nation (2021) Bob Corbett, Review of FROM DESSALINES TO DUVALIER by David Nicholls and HAITI IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: CLASS, RACE, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT SINCE 1700 by Alex Dupuy, Webster University, (1990) Catherine Porter, Constant Méheut, Matt Apuzzo and Selam Gebrekidan, The Ransom – The Root of Haiti's Misery: Reparations to Enslavers, The New York Times (2022) Colin Mckey, The Economic Consequences of The Haitian Revolution (2016) Constant Méheut and Selam Gebrekidan, A magnet for exploitation: Haiti over the centuries, The New York Times (2021) Daphney Pascal, Crisis in Haiti: The American Occupation 1915-1934, (2010) Elizabeth Abbott, The Ghosts of Duvalier, Foreign Policy (2011) Eric Nagourney, 6 Takeaways About Haiti's Reparations to France, The New York Times (2021) Fran Quigley, From cradle to grave, United States protected Jean-Claude Duvalier, IndyStar (2014) Greg Rosalsky, 'The Greatest Heist In History': How Haiti Was Forced To Pay Reparations For Freedom, NPR, (2021) Hossein Azadi and Eric Vanhaute, Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence, Land Journal (2019) Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Barbaric History of Sugar in America, The New York Times (2019) Matt Apuzzo, Constant Méheut, Selam Gebrekidan and Catherine Porter, How a French Bank Captured Haiti – The Ransom, The New York Times (2022) Merima Ali, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad, Abdulaziz B. Shif, Did British colonial rule in Africa foster a legacy of corruption among local elites?, London School of Economics (2020) Patrick Scheld, Who Really Controls Haiti's Destiny? An examination of Haiti's Historical Underdevelopment, Endless Poverty, and the Role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), (2018) Paul Cohen, On the Relationship Between Journalism and History: Thoughts on The New York Times Haiti Ransom Project, Age of Revolutions (2022) Rocio Cara Labrador and Diana Roy, Haiti's Troubled Path to Development, Council on Foreign Relation (2021) Siri Schubert, Haiti: The Long Road to Recovery, FrontLine World - PBS (n.d.) University of Missouri – St Louis, A New Institutional Economics Analysis of Duvalierism (n.d.)

Née en Haïti, Marie-Denise Douyon se souvient d'une enfance charmante passée au sein de la petite diaspora haïtienne en Afrique du Nord. Tout le monde se connaissait : « Une jeunesse très heureuse, je dirais, entre valeurs haïtiennes, couscous, merguez, du riz et pois collés. » Marie-Denise se rendra finalement aux États-Unis pour étudier l'illustration au Fashion Institute of Technology de New York. Lorsqu'elle a obtenu son diplôme, le dictateur haïtien Jean-Claude Duvalier avait été destitué, et Marie-Denise est retournée dans un Haïti plein d'espoir et d'optimisme. Ça ne durerait pas. Elle a été faussement accusée de meurtre, arrêtée, détenue pendant un mois et torturée. Et, pendant ce mois, elle a commencé à dessiner les autres femmes emprisonnées avec elle. Après sa libération, elle s'est rendue à Montréal, où elle a construit une carrière d'artiste en s'inspirant d'un large éventail d'influences diverses. Nous rencontrons également Régine Cadet, qui a étudié le ballet classique dans son pays natal, Haïti, puis qui a rejoint une troupe incorporant des danses classiques et haïtiennes. Cadet s'est finalement rendue à Montréal pour étudier la comptabilité, dans l'espoir de devenir CPA. Et si elle a fait carrière dans l'administration des arts, elle a également cofondé une compagnie de danse à Montréal, présentant des formes de danse traditionnelle haïtienne et afro-contemporaine. Tout au long de sa carrière, Régine s'est fortement engagée en faveur de l'équité et de l'accessibilité dans les arts, un engagement qu'elle poursuit maintenant sur la scène nationale en tant que directrice du programme Explorer et créer, du Conseil des arts du Canada. Elle dit : « Moi, j'ai envie et j'ai le goût du travail avec mon rôle actuel pour encore ouvrir les barrières à toutes ces communautés comme la mienne. »

Toni was a playboy playmate who lived at the mansion and slept with Hugh Hefner and a lot of other celebrities and she called in to talk all about it. How and why did she become a playmate? How did she and up living at the mansion? And, what was her experience like? Tune in for all the details which include how much she loved Hugh Hefner and how he helped her throughout her life, how there was a lot of competition to be Heffner's girlfriend and why she wasn't interested on that role, all the celebrities she met and hooked up with including Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr, Dean Martin, Joe Namath, Don Rickes and more, how much she enjoyed her hook-ups and who was her fave celebrity to hook up with, how Hefner was in bed, what exactly went down in the grotto, how and why she eventually became a dominatrix at the mansion and why she enjoyed it so much, why she eventually moved out of the mansion, how she became spiderwpman for Marvel comics, how she wound up in sleeping with the Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier, how she became a successful businesswoman and how living at the mansion helped her, the last time she saw Hugh Hefner and what went down, why she won't watch the A & E documentary Secrets of Playboy, how she met her current boyfriend and a whole lot more. **To see anonymous pics of Toni and most of my other female guests + get early access to the show + get ad free episodes AND naughty, anonymous confessions, join my Patreon! It's only $5 a month and you can cancel at anytime. Join here: https://www.patreon.com/StrictlyAnonymousPodcast Want to be on the show? Email strictlyanonymouspodcast@gmail.com or go to http://www.strictlyanonymouspodcast.com and click on "Be on the Show." Have something quick you want to confesss? Call the hotline at 347-420-3579. Your voice will be changed, so you remain anonymous. Sponsors: Want to have better S-E-X?! Who doesn't?! Use Promescent! For 15% off https://bit.ly/39WbIqa For 15% off the BEST vibrators by MysteryVibe click here: https://bit.ly/3kLkjRW Follow me! Youtube https://www.youtube.com/c/StrictlyAnonymouspodcast Instagram https://www.instagram.com/strictanonymous/ Twitter https://twitter.com/strictanonymous?lang=en Everything else https://linktr.ee/Strictlyanonymouspodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 377, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Hugh Done It 1: Marilyn Monroe graced his first centerfold back in 1953. Hugh Hefner. 2: This actor has played the befuddled Bertie Wooster and the curmudgeonly Dr. House. Hugh Laurie. 3: He's starred in "Mickey Blue Eyes" as well as "Lair of the White Worm". Hugh Grant. 4: In September 2005 this Aussie won an Emmy for hosting the Tony Awards. Hugh Jackman. 5: At one time a game-show host, he's known better as a host of "20/20". Hugh Downs. Round 2. Category: Toys And Games 1: Miss Scarlet and Professor Plum are suspects in this classic whodunit game. Clue. 2: This plump doll with a top knot got its name from a pet form of "Cupid". Kewpie. 3: Because of an allergy alert, one ingredient of this soft modeling compound that's not a secret is wheat. Play-Doh. 4: When this brand was introduced in 1970, it was billed as the "first official indoor ball". Nerf. 5: At the 1939 World's Fair, the Sawyer family introduced this stereo slide scope that gives 3-D views. the View-Master. Round 3. Category: Hey, "Baby" 1: Smallest form of a large piano. a baby grand. 2: Seen here with roses, it's popular as a bouquet filler. baby's breath. 3: Nickname of Haiti's Jean-Claude Duvalier. "Baby Doc". 4: This sticky figure of folklore gave its name to a Toni Morrison novel. the tar baby. 5: This tree-hopper of the Galagidae family spends a lot of time munching on insects and fruit. a bush baby. Round 4. Category: O Little Town Of Bethlehem, Pa. 1: Est. in 1904 by Charles Schwab, this company bearing the city's name is the 2nd largest of its type in the U.S.. Bethlehem Steel. 2: Located on the Lehigh River, Bethlehem is 60 miles north of this larger city. Philadelphia. 3: A world famous Bethlehem choir performs works by this family fuguer every year at a festival in his honor. J.S. Bach. 4: Born in 1898, this Bethlehem, PA. native's works include "John Brown's Body" and "The Devil and Daniel Webster". Stephen Vincent Benet. 5: The Moravian Church, based in Bethlehem, is a Protestant group organized in the 15th C. in this current republic. Czech Republic. Round 5. Category: Go West 1: In 1784 John Filson wrote an exciting bio of this pioneer to get people interested in buying land out west in Kentucky. Daniel Boone. 2: This wanderer in the West spread the word on Swedenborgism, as well as his famous fruit trees. Johnny Appleseed. 3: Stage robber Black Bart, known for leaving these behind at the scene of the crime, only really did it twice. little poems. 4: By 1845 the price of these pelts had dropped from a $6 high to $1; silk replaced it for men's hats. beaver pelts. 5: One of the reasons Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark out was to see if this Northwestern river connected to the Missouri. the Columbia. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 290, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Friday The 13Th 1: Friday October 13, 1944: Greek patriots retake Athens from this group after 3 1/2 years of occupation. Germany (or the Nazis). 2: Friday January 13, 1995: The first all-female crew wins a qualifying race for this contest. the America's Cup. 3: Friday October 13, 1967: This president signs an executive order banning sex discrimination in the U.S. govt.. (Lyndon) Johnson. 4: Friday, February 13, 1914:This 5-letter organization is set up to collect royalties when music is performed. ASCAP. 5: 1994: The first handover of a West Bank city from Israel to the Palestinians--this one where a battle was fit. Jericho. Round 2. Category: Also A Gun Manufacturer 1: One might run in the Preakness. a colt. 2: This 19th century American artist and sculptor was known as "The Rembrandt of the West". Remington. 3: He's the guitarist who had a Top 40 hit with "Rock and Roll Hoochie Koo". Rick Derringer. 4: Famous for its cathedral, this English city was the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Winchester. 5: Fredric March portrayed this poet in "The Barrets of Wimpole Street". (Robert) Browning. Round 3. Category: "Oop"S! 1: "Hawaiian" exercise ring introduced by Wham-O in the 1950s. a hula hoop. 2: This type of sailing vessel has a single mast with fore-and-aft rigging. a sloop. 3: One's tax burden can be lowered by exploiting these. loopholes. 4: Originally meaning a small opening, it's used figuratively to mean a way around a rule or regulation. a loophole. 5: A small warship of the American Revolutionary period, or a British escort vessel of WWII. a sloop. Round 4. Category: A Gamey Category 1: In this game, the soda container stopped rotating and faces me...so kiss me already!. Spin the Bottle. 2: Careful! Don't make the man's nose buzz while removing his funny bone in this game. Operation. 3: An insignificant quest, or a game where you earn wedges in 6 categories. Trivial Pursuit. 4: Calling all armchair Napoleons, it's the "Game of World Conquest". Risk. 5: You go from career start or college start to Countryside Acres or Millionaire Estates in this game. Life. Round 5. Category: Famous "Baby"S 1: 1 of 2 popular U.S. films released in late 1987 that had the word "Baby" in their titles. Baby Boom or Three Men and a Baby. 2: Nickname of Jean-Claude Duvalier, who succeeded his father, a physician, as Haitian leader. "Baby Doc". 3: Childhood stage name of the actress who played Sally Rogers on "The Dick Van Dyke Show". Baby Rose Marie. 4: Seen w/Casper the Friendly Ghost, this Harvey cartoon and comic character was an overgrown duckling. Baby Huey. 5: It's how the media referred to little Miss McClure, who, in 1987, fell down a well and was rescued 2 days later. Baby Jessica. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 77, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Leader Of The "Pack" 1: In information technology, breaking up a message to transmit it more efficiently is this type of switching. packet switching. 2: Don Hutson, Paul Hornung and Lou Brock (no, not that Lou Brock) are in this team's Hall of Fame. the Green Bay Packers. 3: In information technology, breaking up a message to transmit it more efficiently is this type of switching. packet switching. 4: Lupine term for a group of subs operating together in hunting down enemy convoys. a wolfpack. 5: It sounds painful, but it's a clear plastic bubble in which a consumer product is sealed against a cardboard backing. a blister pack. Round 2. Category: Pugilistic Sobriquets 1: Lightweight champ Ray Mancini received this nickname that his father also used as a top contender. "Boom Boom". 2: This nickname of Oscar De La Hoya is the title of a 1939 film with William Holden as a boxer. Golden Boy. 3: "Killer" nickname of Thomas Hearns, who held world titles in 4 different weight classes. "Hit Man". 4: When asked about his future plans, this boxer known as "Iron Mike" said, "I don't know...I might just fade into Bolivian". Mike Tyson. 5: Once known as "The Louisville Lip", he later became "The Greatest". Muhammad Ali. Round 3. Category: Termite Trivia 1: One form of termite communication is the production of trails of these chemicals. Pheromones. 2: The closest relative to the termite is this household pest. Cockroach. 3: Termites are found in every state except this one. Alaska. 4: The primary food of termites is this carbohydrate found in plants. Cellulose. 5: Of 15 days, 15 months or 15 years, it's the approximate lifespan of a termite queen. 15 years. Round 4. Category: The Bod Squad 1: Your dukes,your mitts,your paws. Hands. 2: Your gams,your pins,your shanks. Legs. 3: Choppers,grinders,ivories. Teeth. 4: Beezer,sneezer,schnoz. Nose. 5: The Achilles tendon is in this part of the foot, the only spot where the hero Achilles was vulnerable. the heel. Round 5. Category: Famous "Baby"S 1: Nickname of Jean-Claude Duvalier, who succeeded his father, a physician, as Haitian leader. "Baby Doc". 2: It's how the media referred to little Miss McClure, who, in 1987, fell down a well and was rescued 2 days later. Baby Jessica. 3: Seen w/Casper the Friendly Ghost, this Harvey cartoon and comic character was an overgrown duckling. Baby Huey. 4: Childhood stage name of the actress who played Sally Rogers on "The Dick Van Dyke Show". Baby Rose Marie. 5: 1 of 2 popular U.S. films released in late 1987 that had the word "Baby" in their titles. Baby Boom or Three Men and a Baby. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

François Duvalier, conocido con el sobrenombre de Papa Doc, fue un médico y político haitiano, presidente constitucional de su país a partir de 1957 y posteriormente, desde 1964 y hasta su muerte en 1971, dictador de Haití en calidad de presidente vitalicio. Fue sucedido por su hijo Jean-Claude Duvalier. PODCAST PREDATORS

11 fevriye 1986. Lari Pòtoprens tèt anba. Dechoukaj, kraze brize. 11 fevriye se dat Madigra te tonbe pou ane 1986 la. Se te dwe «madigra»: fèt kanaval nan peyi a, e prensipalman nan kapital la, sou Channmas, ki tradisyonèlman akeyi pi gwo defile evènman sa a. Men 5 jou avan, Jean-Claude Duvalier, prezidan avi peyi a te kite pouvwa a nan yon anbyans dezòd ak kraze brize kifè 11 févriye 1986 pat gen kanaval. Poutan, jan sa te konn abitye fèt, depi apre fèt Lèwa, 6 janvye, radyo te kòmanse jwe mizik kanaval. Gen kèk djaz ki te menm gentan soti mereng pou ane a. Kanaval tankou «Bwa Mapou» de Coupé Cloué te gentan popilè. Te genyen tou yon lòt mereng ki, menm jan ak Bwa Mapou, ta pral disparèt, men li menm, lòt djaz ta pral kopye l…anndi pito…PIYE L' pou fè kanaval pa yo nan ane lontan apre. Mereng sa a se te «Ozana» Dixie Band!

AdyJeanGardy, Chercheur, Spécialiste en Communication nous parle du coté mystique des chefs d'Etat haïtiens. Dans cet episode, il nous a aussi entretenu sur l'article rapportant les prophéties révélées à Jean-Claude Duvalier avant son départ pour l'Exil. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tim-valda/support

La dictature de Jean-Claude Duvalier tombe en Haïti, presque en même temps que celle de Ferdinand Marcos aux Philippines. La chute du mur de Berlin amorce la réunification de l'Allemagne. Le communisme chinois devient plus pragmatique. Nelson Mandela est tout à coup libéré. Puis l'Europe revit une sorte de régression, de retour à un passé tourmenté : la guerre en Yougoslavie. Lors de tous ces événements, les journalistes Jean-François Lépine, Céline Galipeau, Pierre Nadeau, Hugues Poulin, Raymond Saint-Pierre, Jean-Michel Leprince et Akli Ait Abdallah sont sur place. Dans cet épisode, ils racontent comment ils ont vécu ces moments historiques.

La dictature de Jean-Claude Duvalier tombe en Haïti, presque en même temps que celle de Ferdinand Marcos aux Philippines. La chute du mur de Berlin amorce la réunification de l'Allemagne. Le communisme chinois devient plus pragmatique. Nelson Mandela est tout à coup libéré. Puis l'Europe revit une sorte de régression, de retour à un passé tourmenté : la guerre en Yougoslavie. Lors de tous ces événements, les journalistes Jean-François Lépine, Céline Galipeau, Pierre Nadeau, Hugues Poulin, Raymond Saint-Pierre, Jean-Michel Leprince et Akli Ait Abdallah sont sur place. Dans cet épisode, ils racontent comment ils ont vécu ces moments historiques.

L'ex-dictateur d'Haïti Jean-Claude Duvalier l'emporte-t-il au paradis?