Ask Doctor Dawn

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-19, 2025: Dr. Dawn presents the VITAL study evidence showing 2,000 IU daily vitamin D prevents telomere shortening in immune cells, effectively slowing biological aging by three years. Groundbreaking mouse research reveals maternal iron deficiency can alter fetal sex development. When iron levels dropped 60%, the SYR gene controlling male development switched off, causing 6 of 39 XY offspring to develop ovaries instead of testes. Thus, mammalian sex can be influenced by environmental factors just like in amphibians and fish. Dr. Dawn connects this to gender identity questions, advocating supporting puberty blockers based on their 30-year safety record. Dr. Dawn advocates widespread CPR and AED training after describing a successful Buffalo airport rescue. With 350,000 annual out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and 90% fatality rates, immediate AED intervention can triple survival odds. She promotes the Pulsepoint app registering 185,000 AEDs and praises countries like Norway achieving 90% population CPR training through driver's license requirements. Post-Roe v. Wade data shows vasectomies doubled in men aged 19-26 while tubal ligations rose 70%, mostly in abortion-ban states. Dr. Dawn notes the irony that policies intended to increase births prompted widespread voluntary sterilization. Environmental concerns from January 2025 Moss Landing battery fire and LA wildfires highlight toxic contamination from burning lithium, plastics, and building materials. She advocates fire-resistant landscaping and home hardening, noting some fire-resistant homes survived while surroundings burned. British research shows pet ownership provides life satisfaction equivalent to $90,000 annual income boost. Dr. Dawn experiences this firsthand, noting pets provide family-like benefits without complex interpersonal dynamics. Sleep study reveals 15 minutes additional nightly sleep improves cognitive performance in tweens. Children sleeping 7.25 versus 7.10 hours showed better academics and larger brain volumes, though Dr. Dawn questions causation versus correlation. Mayo Clinic identified Interleukin-23 as a reliable cellular senescence biomarker across multiple tissues. Natural compounds like quercetin, fisetin, and luteolin can reduce these aging markers, supporting her dietary supplementation philosophy.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-12-2025: Dr. Dawn opens with alarming news about NIH budget cuts devastating cancer research just as breakthrough CAR-T cell therapy shows promise for gastrointestinal cancers. This personalized immunotherapy extracts patients' T cells, engineers them to target specific cancer antigens, and makes them essentially immortal before reinfusion. While previously successful only for blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, researchers achieved tumor shrinkage in 25% of solid GI tumor patients. However, devastating layoffs forced removal of two patients from trials due to staff shortages and supply chain disruptions. Dr. Dawn emphasizes how pregnancy can worsen hidden cancers due to immune suppression, explaining why aggressive metastasized cancers often appear shortly after childbirth. Dr. Dawn takes a call from Bob about concerning forehead growths his dermatologist examined. She speculates they're likely seborrheic keratoses - benign, stuck-on appearing growths common in sun-exposed areas that look like crumpled brown paper "spit-wads". These aging-related changes are harmless and can even be picked off, though she warns against repeatedly traumatizing any skin area as this increases cancer risk through accumulated DNA damage. She explains how repetitive trauma in occupational settings creates statistically higher cancer risks, comparing it to filling a bingo card of cellular errors. She addresses an email about Joe Tippens' cancer cure protocol involving fenbendazole, an anti-parasitic drug. Dr. Dawn explains this viral social media phenomenon began when Tippens claimed his lung cancer was cured by fenbendazole, but he was simultaneously receiving Keytruda immunotherapy at MD Anderson. The story spread rapidly in South Korea, causing pharmacy shortages. Unvalidated internet health information can spread dangerously. Dr. Dawn compares it to old-fashioned medicine show scams. trend Dr. Dawn warns about a recent vitamin B6 toxicity misdiagnosis trend affecting her patients who were told they had dangerous levels of B6 despite lacking neuropathy symptoms. Accuracy requires fasting 12 hours before blood draws, otherwise creating false elevations from recent vitamin consumption. More critically, she alerts listeners about biotin(Vitamin B7) interference with laboratory tests using biotin-streptavidin techniques. High-dose biotin supplements are often used in hair and nail health growth formulas. This can falsely alter tests for thyroid hormones, vitamin D, sex hormones, cortisol and dangerously, troponin levels that diagnose heart attacks. This could lead to missed myocardial infarctions in emergency rooms, potentially causing fatal outcomes. Dr. Dawn takes a call from Richard seeking information about a previous radio program guest. She guides him to use on-line resources at ksqd.org to find program details, pivoting into praise for libraries as community centers offering far more than internet access. She emphasizes libraries provide serendipitous discovery that algorithms can't match, encouraging people to explore their local library systems for events, historical collections, and personal assistance from knowledgeable librarians eager to help visitors navigate both physical and digital resources. She discusses the concerning trend of giving melatonin to children, calling it "the Grinch that stole children's bedtime." While used prescription-only for severe developmental disorders in Denmark and EU countries, American children receive melatonin gummies regularly, with one in five preteens using it occasionally. Dr. Dawn explains melatonin is a hormone affecting pancreas, heart, fat tissue, and reproductive organs still developing in children. Supplemental doses create blood levels 10 times higher than natural peaks, representing an uncontrolled medical experiment on developing brains and bodies. Poison control calls for melatonin ingestion increased 530% between 2012-2021, with one tragic case involving a three-month-old death where 20 melatonin bottles were found in the home. Dr. Dawn concludes by debunking food expiration date myths, explaining that Americans waste a third of food ($7 billion annually) due to misunderstanding labels. Most shelf-stable foods simply degrade in quality rather than becoming dangerous after printed dates. She notes acidic dairy products like yogurt resist bacterial contamination due to protective bacteria,and even surface mold can be scraped off safely. However, she emphasizes trusting expiration dates on lunch meats and deli products, which pose real listeria risks when stored improperly. California will soon simplify labeling laws to reduce confusion between quality and safety dates.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-05-2025: Dr. Dawn answers an email about Dupuytren's contracture treatment, explaining her clinic experience using acupuncture anesthesia combined with Traumeel injections directly into palm nodules. She describes how this anti-inflammatory homeopathic compound, when injected into tendon sheaths, can break the cycle of fibrosis formation. Dr. Dawn explores fascinating quantum physics concepts involving collagen microstructure, water molecules, and hydrogen ion movement that may explain how acupuncture and homeopathy work through crystalline formations in collagen tubules. She discusses vitamin A's critical role in measles complications, explaining how deficiency dramatically increases risks of encephalitis and cardiac damage. Dr. Dawn covers two forms of dietary vitamin A - beta carotene from plants requiring enzymatic conversion, and vitamin A from animal products. She warns about vitamin A toxicity risks, particularly birth defects in pregnancy, while noting that typical American diets are adequate unlike vitamin D. Dr. Dawn examines vitamin D deficiency affecting 68% of children in a South Florida study, linking inadequate levels to bone health, immune function, and gut barrier integrity. She explains how vitamin D receptors throughout the body regulate cell differentiation, insulin secretion, and tight junction formation that prevents leaky gut syndrome. There are higher deficiency rates in darker-skinned populations and the historical context of rickets during industrialization when urban environments blocked sunlight exposure. She highlights revolutionary medical technology, the world's smallest pacemaker for newborns, half the size of a rice grain. This injectable device dissolves naturally after hearts self-repair, controlled by light-emitting patches communicating through the baby's skin. This breakthrough eliminates risky surgical removal procedures that caused complications, such as Neil Armstrong's death from pacemaker wire infections. Dr. Dawn discusses research showing shingles vaccination reduces dementia risk by 20%, particularly in women. She explains the natural experiment in Wales where universal healthcare created clear vaccination cutoff dates, allowing researchers to compare dementia rates. Dr. Dawn hypothesizes that cross-immunity against herpes viruses may protect brain tissue, noting even stronger protection with newer Shingrix vaccines compared to older Zostavax. She covers alarming increases in invasive Group A Streptococcus infections, with cases more than doubling from 2013 to 2022. Dr. Dawn explains how flesh-eating bacteria secretes enzymes that dissolve epithelial barriers in throats and lungs, allowing systemic spread that destroys tissue. She links rising cases to increasing diabetes and obesity rates that compromise immune function, noting devastating mortality rates approaching 10,000 deaths nationwide. Dr. Dawn celebrates a breakthrough antibiotic discovery of Lariocidin which works against highly drug-resistant bacteria through novel protein synthesis inhibition. She explains how antibiotic resistance spreads between bacterial species just like social media memes, emphasizing the urgent need for new treatments as 4 million people die annually from resistant infections. Dr. Dawn advocates for public funding since pharmaceutical companies avoid antibiotic development due to poor profit margins. She answers an email about Epstein-Barr virus detection, explaining its role in mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Dr. Dawn describes how EBV can remain dormant and reactivate during stress or immunocompromise, potentially triggering autoimmunity. She discusses similarities between EBV reactivation, Lyme disease, and long COVID, suggesting they may represent variations of the same inflammatory syndrome with different triggers. She explores the nocebo effect - how negative expectations worsen outcomes - and its amplification through social media. Dr. Dawn cites studies showing people warned about erectile dysfunction or altitude headaches experience these symptoms more frequently. She discusses recent phenomena like TikTok-induced tics and vaccine side effect amplification, warning that online health information creates dangerous nocebo loops that spread faster than traditional word-of-mouth.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 5-30-2024 and 5-29-2925: Cognitive errors in medicine dismissing unusual presentations as psychological A case of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing psychiatric symptoms Failures of genetic research to identify causes Need for integrating neurology and psychiatry; Importance of testing for antibodies and using MRI scans Detailed explanation of immune tolerance, peripheral tolerance, and the phenomenon of molecular mimicry in diseases like multiple sclerosis and celiac disease Importance of addressing root causes rather than just symptoms Historical context and current advancements in treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis using reprogrammed immune cells and iron oxide nanoparticles Explanation of how the liver filters blood and helps establish immune tolerance by processing cellular debris and antigens Advances in engineering regulatory T cells to target specific disease sites and calm inflammatory responses Exploration of new diagnostic tools and the potential of AI in understanding complex psychiatric conditions Detection of colds and other diseases by analysis of voice frequency patterns

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 5-22-2025: Dr. Dawn explores groundbreaking cancer research using high-throughput "digital twin" analysis to reverse colon cancer cells back to normal states, identifying three master molecular switches that can induce normal cell differentiation without killing the cancer cells, thus avoiding traditional chemotherapy side effects. She discusses remarkable results from Memorial Sloan Kettering showing 80% of patients with mismatch repair deficient tumors, including all 49 rectal cancer patients, saw complete tumor disappearance after six months of dostarlimab immunotherapy, with no recurrence at five years and minimal side effects. The program covers innovative CRISPR applications, including targeting previously "undruggable" cancer mutations like KRAS and BRAF by selectively degrading mutant RNA messages while preserving healthy genes, offering unprecedented precision in cancer treatment. Dr. Dawn explains a clever immunotherapy approach that disguises tumors as pig organs using Newcastle disease virus carrying alpha-gal enzyme, tricking the immune system into mounting fierce attacks against cancer cells, showing promising results in both monkey and human trials. She describes fascinating research using cryoshocked tumor cells as Trojan horses, where liquid nitrogen-treated cancer cells carrying CRISPR gene editing tools directly seek out tumors, offering superior targeting compared to injecting CRISPR. The show reveals how cancers create protective acid walls around themselves to repel immune cells, with individual cancer cells pumping lactic acid away from the tumor center to form pH 5.3 barriers that kill attacking CD8 T cells within hours. Dr. Dawn discusses breakthrough mRNA cancer vaccines for glioblastoma using patients' own tumor cells, showing rapid immune system activation within 48 hours and extending survival in both dogs and humans with this aggressive brain cancer. She explores the "flower code" mechanism where cancer cells gaslight healthy cells through epigenetic manipulation, expressing dominant "flower win" codes to overpower normal cells expressing "flower lose" codes in biological turf wars. The program addresses systemic problems in cancer classification, explaining how organ-based categorization delays access to effective treatments, with patients waiting years for drugs that could help based on molecular profiles rather than tumor location. Dr. Dawn concludes by highlighting medical discrimination against people with Duffy null phenotype, primarily affecting African Americans, whose naturally lower neutrophil counts lead to reduced chemotherapy doses and excluded clinical trial participation despite no increased infection risk.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 5-15-2025: Dr. Dawn provides a comprehensive overview of bone health, describing bones as the "silent architects" of our bodies that require ongoing care and attention throughout life. She outlines key risk factors including family history of fractures, eating disorders, hormonal changes, digestive surgeries, and medication use, while explaining how DEXA scans measure bone density through T-scores and Z-scores, recommending the FRAX risk calculator as a superior predictive tool. She shares practical strategies like weight-bearing exercise and proper vitamin supplementation (D, K2, calcium) alongside explaining the roles of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone turnover and how medications influence this balance. She addresses a caller's question about strontium citrate and isoflavone supplements for bone health after cancer treatment, clarifying that these differ from problematic boron and suggesting C-telopeptide or N-telopeptide testing to verify bone turnover rates beyond DEXA results. The program discusses a promising non-hormonal male contraceptive called ADAM, a dissolvable hydrogel implant shown in preliminary trials to block sperm for up to two years without serious side effects. Dr. Dawn addresses misconceptions about autism, describing it as a spectrum with diverse manifestations, explaining its neurological basis in atypical brain pruning patterns, and emphasizing it as a complex genetic vulnerability to environmental events. She evaluates a listener email about a supplement for urinary incontinence and metabolic health, warning listeners about marketing tactics and insufficient evidence behind many commercial products. Dr. Dawn examines "Fatty 15," a pentadecanoic acid supplement marketed for metabolic health, noting that while some rodent studies show promise for insulin sensitivity and liver health, human evidence remains limited compared to well-established benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. Dr. Dawn shares news about Orforglipron, a new oral GLP-1 medication in pill form for diabetes and weight management that appears as effective as injectable versions like Ozempic.. The show concludes with information about innovative plant-based transparent paperboard, a cellulose-based material that biodegrades within 300 days while offering a safer and more sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 5-08-2025: Dr. Dawn examines groundbreaking research on rising rates of early-onset colorectal cancer worldwide, explaining how researchers have identified a bacterial toxin called colibactin produced by specific E. coli strains that appears to cause early genetic mutations in cancer-controlling genes, potentially explaining why younger generations face significantly higher cancer risks. She discusses how modern medical practices like antibiotic overuse and cesarean deliveries may disrupt protective gut microbiomes, while diets low in fiber and high in animal fats create conditions where harmful bacteria thrive and damage the protective mucosal barrier, potentially exposing colon cells to cancer-causing mutations. Dr. Dawn explains fascinating research on transgenerational memory in C. elegans worms and mice, where learned aversions to specific odors are genetically passed down to offspring through epigenetic mechanisms involving methylation and RNA pathways, challenging traditional views on inheritance and suggesting implications for human genetics. Responding to an email about posterior tibial tendon disease (PTTD), she offers comprehensive management strategies including cross-massage with ice, proper footwear selection, careful stretching techniques, and anti-inflammatory approaches while cautioning against invasive procedures like steroid injections that might weaken tendons. She discusses promising research on rosemary's potential in Alzheimer's treatment, explaining how carnosic acid activates the NRF2 pathway that controls antioxidant proteins, with researchers developing a more stable chemical analog that reduced inflammation and improved memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Dawn provides updates on vaccination recommendations, noting that egg allergy questions are no longer needed before flu vaccines, pneumococcal vaccines are now recommended for all adults over 50, and explaining the small risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome with RSV vaccines compared to the much larger risk of RSV-related deaths. She shares information about a new hypertension risk calculator called PREVENT that reclassifies many patients to lower risk categories, potentially allowing 2.6 million Americans to manage their blood pressure through lifestyle changes rather than medication, particularly benefiting older women who face different risk profiles than men.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 04-24-2025: Dr. Dawn issues an alert about hair growth vitamins containing high doses of biotin that can interfere with important medical tests, explaining how biotin supplementation can cause false readings for thyroid function, troponin, parathyroid hormone, sex hormones, vitamin D, testosterone, PSA, and ferritin tests. Responding to an email about non-stick cookware safety, she examines various ceramic-based technologies claiming to be non-toxic, noting concerns about Teflon alternatives like Thermalon and ScanPan, and recommending cast iron as the safest option, particularly for households with pregnant women. A caller inquires about plant-based diets after hearing a radiation oncologist's claim that all animal products are harmful. Dr. Dawn advocates for a balanced approach rather than extreme positions, suggesting practical strategies for increasing vegetable consumption without laborious food preparation. She discusses counterintuitive findings in cancer research where advanced age can actually reduce cancer risk, explaining how aging cells produce a protein called NUPR1 that makes them iron-deficient and less able to regenerate, potentially offering insights for new therapeutic approaches. A caller asks about Dr. Gundry's claims regarding lectins in foods like almonds and peas, with Dr. Dawn explaining that while lectins are plant defense mechanisms that can be toxic in high amounts, moderate consumption is generally safe because the liver builds additional enzymes to process these compounds and this improves general detoxification. Dr. Dawn clarifies misconceptions about soy products, explaining that fermented options like tempeh have fewer anti-nutrients than raw soybeans (edamame). Tofu while not fermented, undergoes processing that reduces anti-nutrient properties by approximately 90%.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 4-17-2025: Dr. Dawn analyzes a leaked federal health program budget document, noting a significant $80 billion cut in discretionary funding, workforce reductions of 20,000 employees, elimination of disease prevention programs, and potential reorganization chaos that could impact healthcare access. She reports on research showing a troubling 5% increase in infant mortality rates in states that have implemented abortion bans, with particularly high increases among Black infants, demonstrating that these bans may have unintended negative consequences on families. Responding to an email about Dupuytren's contracture, Dr. Dawn describes a radiation therapy approach used in Europe that can treat early-stage disease with lower radiation doses, potentially stopping progression without surgery. She discusses new research suggesting that bacterial vaginosis should be treated as a sexually transmitted infection by treating both partners, which reduced recurrence rates from 63% to 35% compared to treating only the woman. Dr. Dawn addresses an email from a breast cancer survivor experiencing menopausal symptoms recommending 5-HTP, trazodone for sleep disruption, iron supplementation for her low ferritin, and dietary adjustments while noting concerns about the black box warning for NOT FEXO - CHECK THE EMAIL FOR THE NAME OF THE DRUG. A studio guest joins the conversation about healthcare priorities, discussing how the American medical system focuses more on disease treatment than prevention, with both agreeing that public spaces should be redesigned to encourage physical activity like in European cities. Responding to an email about a 61-year-old man experiencing dizziness and balance issues when standing or walking, Dr. Dawn suspects B12 deficiency possibly caused by past heavy alcohol use and longstanding acid reflux medication, recommending specific tests. She recommends a few drops of hydrogen peroxide in each ear every night as the best at-home solution to melt earwax buildup and prevent recurrence of blockage.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 4-10-2025: Dr. Dawn responds to an email about difficult-to-control asthma, recommending quercetin and inhaled cromolyn as mast cell stabilizers, and suggesting Montelukast to address leukotrienes while investigating possible mold exposure as an underlying cause. She discusses groundbreaking research on age-related bone deterioration, explaining how osteocytes undergo structural changes with age, and exploring the concept of cellular senescence including potential treatments like quercetin/dasatinib combination therapy, fisetin, and metformin. A frequent caller with a history of sepsis, osteomyelitis and eye infections describes newly developed high blood pressure, with Dr. Dawn explaining how oxidative stress from infection can damage endothelial cells, reducing nitric oxide production and suggesting L-arginine, beet consumption, and proper blood pressure measurement techniques. Responding to an email about preventing cartilage loss, Dr. Dawn evaluates glucosamine sulfate research, noting key differences between effective and ineffective studies, while emphasizing the importance of achieving healthy body weight as a primary factor in preventing osteoarthritis progression. Dr. Dawn provides guidance to an email question about choosing a primary care physician before retirement, recommending selecting doctors established in their practice for 3-4 years and warning against Medicare Advantage plans that limit provider options. She addresses an email from someone experiencing persistent fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, suggesting additional testing to confirm viral load through PCR rather than relying solely on antibody levels, while exploring alternative causes including long COVID, mold exposure, or autoimmune issues.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 4-03-2025: Dr. Dawn provides a comprehensive explanation of vertigo versus dizziness, describing inner ear anatomy, how displaced crystals cause positional vertigo, and various treatment maneuvers including the Epley, Sarmont, and Foster techniques. Responding to an email from a listener suffering from both vertigo and tinnitus, she recommends exploring chiropractic adjustment for the tinnitus and special electroacupuncture treatments while suggesting additional vestibular testing might be beneficial. Dr. Dawn addresses an email about POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome) likely caused by long COVID, recommending diagnostic tests, mitochondrial support supplements, low-dose naltrexone, and investigating possible heavy metal release due to significant weight loss. A caller with Dupuytren's contracture describes frustrations with Medicare Advantage limitations and surgical options, with Dr. Dawn discussing quality of life impacts, the differences between open and minimally invasive procedures, and possible workarounds including voice-to-text technology. The show concludes with Dr. Dawn discussing how a falsified 2006 research paper led Alzheimer's research astray for decades by incorrectly focusing on amyloid beta protein removal, resulting in questionable drug approvals despite expert objections, while better evidence points to tau protein as a more reliable disease marker.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 3-27-2025: Dr. Dawn comments on how inappropriate conclusions of cause and effect lead to too many drugs being prescribed and incorrect claims of drug allergies. Dr. Dawn examines the risks of ibuprofen overuse, discussing how NSAIDs can damage the gut lining, affect kidney function, and lead to various health complications when used long-term. She provides insight into Medicare reimbursement rates for common lab tests, explaining the significant price disparities between Medicare payments and commercial rates. The show explores the current H5N1 bird flu situation affecting egg and dairy production, discussing viral mutations and the promising development of a universal flu vaccine. Dr. Dawn explores the remarkable fact that among placental mammals, only humans, certain bats, elephant shrews, and one species of spiny mouse experience menstruation, leading to challenges in research models. She recounts the fascinating history of menstruation research, from 1940s scientists chasing elephant shrews in South Africa to shipping bats in takeout containers for laboratory studies. The show details modern breakthroughs in menstruation research through organoids and organs-on-chips technology, explaining how these tools are revolutionizing our understanding of women's health. Dr. Dawn addresses perimenopause and hormone replacement therapy, discussing historical misconceptions and current treatment perspectives. The show concludes with research on artemisia, explaining how this traditional herb shows promise in treating polycystic ovary syndrome through its effects on hormone regulation.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 3-20-2025: Dr. Dawn responds to an email about osteoporosis treatment options, explaining the risk assessment for fractures, discussing injectable alternatives to Fosamax for patients with swallowing difficulties, and analyzing vibration plate therapy's effectiveness for osteoporosis. The show explores scientific curiosities including genetically modified "woolly mammoth mice" created using CRISPR technology, showing how gene editing advances could potentially resurrect extinct species and preserve the endangered. Dr. Dawn shares research revealing that tea leaves can effectively remove heavy metals from water, with both black and green tea varieties working equally well. The show discusses how strength training provides the most significant benefits for insomnia sufferers, outperforming other exercise types by creating the micro-damage necessary to trigger deep, restorative sleep. Dr. Dawn describes fascinating developments in biohybrid robotics, where researchers created a functional hand using lab-grown human muscle tissue capable of gripping objects and making scissor gestures. Now they'll work on "rock" and "paper". A caller seeks clarification about the tea purification process, with Dr. Dawn explaining that discarding used tea bags (rather than composting them) prevents reintroducing concentrated heavy metals into the environment. She examines Alpha-gal syndrome, a meat allergy triggered by Lone Star tick bites that can cause reactions to mammalian products including red meat, gelatin, keratin, and lanolin. The show addresses environmental concerns about "forever chemicals" (PFAS) in sewage sludge fertilizers, potential risks to farmworkers and highlighting studies linking drinking water contamination to increased childhood cancer rates in affected areas. Dr. Dawn explores the expanding benefits of GLP-1 drugs beyond weight loss, including reduced risks for liver failure, cardiac arrest, addiction disorders, and even Alzheimer's, while noting potential side effects. She discusses how GLP-1 medications fundamentally change food preferences and behaviors, citing cases where users shift spending from restaurants to exercise equipment and from processed foods to fruits and vegetables. A caller seeking advice on building muscle mass at age 70 receives recommendations about proper protein intake, hydration needs with kidney disease, and the importance of resistance training over general activity.

Broadcast on KSQD, Santa Cruz on 3-13-2025: Dr. Dawn debunks the common misconception about extra virgin olive oil's smoke point indicating oxidation damage, citing new research showing it remains stable and safe even at high cooking temperatures due to its high flavenoid and antioxidant content. She discusses critical timing factors for surgical procedures, sharing research that reveals a "weekend effect" with 9-12% higher mortality rates for surgeries performed on Fridays compared to early-week procedures. The show examines promising AI technology that can detect depression and other mental health conditions through voice patterns alone, potentially improving diagnosis in diverse populations regardless of language barriers. A caller asks about measles vaccines and Robert Kennedy Jr.'s controversial claims, with Dr. Dawn explaining different vaccine types and clarifying that while live virus vaccines can technically cause disease in immunocompromised individuals, this is extremely rare and preventable. Dr. Dawn explores the landmark "Nun Study" tracking 678 nuns over 30 years, highlighting discoveries about cognitive resilience including how early-life linguistic abilities correlate with reduced dementia risk and how some individuals remain mentally sharp despite having Alzheimer's brain pathology. The show discusses promising research on transcranial direct current stimulation for Alzheimer's patients, showing how electrical stimulation of specific brain regions improved verbal learning and word production abilities for up to eight weeks. Dr. Dawn examines psychological factors associated with dementia risk, noting that while negative thinking patterns correlate with cognitive decline, determining causality remains challenging. She shares a breakthrough in ALS research identifying neurofilament light chain proteins as a potential biomarker that correctly identified people with ALS more than 80% of the time and predicted survival rates. The show concludes with fascinating microbiome research on bile acids, explaining how gut bacteria transform liver-produced bile and how certain microbial bile acids can either promote or inhibit inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer development.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 3-06-2025: Dr. Dawn addresses an email about coronary artery blockage, explaining that a 70% calcified plaque in the LAD vessel might be better managed with medication than stenting, and recommending statin therapy to prevent further plaque formation. A live caller with a history of staph aureus infection describes unusual fingernail changes and fungal infection following prolonged antibiotic treatment, with Dr. Dawn suggesting an in-person examination for proper diagnosis. The show highlights the remarkable story of James Harrison, an Australian blood donor whose special anti-D antibodies saved 2.4 million babies from hemolytic disease, donating blood 1,173 times over his lifetime. Dr. Dawn provides practical advice for reducing microplastic consumption, recommending glass containers over plastic, avoiding bottled water, and warning about unexpected sources like Himalayan salt, scented wax melts, and plastic tea bags. She evaluates cold water plunge therapy for weight loss, citing research showing only temporary benefits for inflammation reduction and stress relief, but potential dangers for people with heart conditions. The show addresses concerning developments with bird flu (H5N1), highlighting the discovery of the virus in rats and questioning why rapid testing kits aren't being developed and distributed proactively. Dr. Dawn criticizes FDA food safety regulation, particularly the "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) pathway that allows manufacturers to self-determine ingredient safety without proper vetting. She discusses fascinating research on the NOVA1 gene, which changed dramatically 250,000-500,000 years ago and appears linked to complex vocalizations and potentially human language development. The show recommends "solo freedom dancing" as an effective exercise option, while warning that noise-canceling headphones may impair the brain's ability to process complex sounds, leading to auditory processing disorders. Dr. Dawn explores a breakthrough in synthetic microbiome therapy that shows promise in combating C. difficile infections by identifying specific bacterial strains that suppress the harmful bacteria. She shares news about a promising oral norovirus vaccine tablet that's shown effectiveness in clinical trials for both younger and older adults, potentially addressing a disease that causes 70,000 hospitalizations annually. The show concludes with clarification about vitamin A and measles, noting that while it can help prevent complications in malnourished children, it doesn't prevent infection and can be dangerous at high doses, especially for pregnant women.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 2-27-2025: Dr. Dawn addresses the alarming news of the first US measles fatality in almost 20 years, explaining how the disease led to the death of a healthy grade school child in Texas amid an outbreak of 124 cases, with 80% affecting unvaccinated children. She warns about subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a delayed but fatal complication of measles infection that occurs in approximately 1 in 600 babies who contract measles before vaccination. The show highlights a community health survey about the Moss Landing battery fire, encouraging listeners to participate and share any symptoms experienced after the January incident. Responding to an email from Philadelphia, Dr. Dawn discusses adaptogens in mushroom coffee, recommending rotating different mushroom varieties to prevent tachyphylaxis, where the body becomes unreactive to the beneficial compounds. A caller asks about German measles (rubella) and its relation to regular measles (rubeola), with Dr. Dawn explaining they are completely different viruses offering no cross-immunity. Dr. Dawn explores fascinating research on tardigrades (water bears), explaining how scientists extracted their damage suppressor protein to protect mice from radiation, potentially benefiting cancer patients and space exploration. A caller asks about health impacts of indoor gas heating and cooking, with Dr. Dawn confirming that gas appliances produce harmful nanoparticles but suggesting heat pumps as a cleaner alternative. She discusses nature-inspired medical adhesives derived from mussels and mucus that work in wet environments, offering potential solutions for surgical glues, implant bonding, and infection prevention. The show examines innovative stool analysis techniques that can accurately detect dietary patterns from DNA in feces, potentially transforming nutrition science by eliminating unreliable food diaries. Dr. Dawn addresses an email about polyphenols in olive oil, highlighting their anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits, and responds to Amy's email about a hand lump, suggesting that it is most likely a volar retinacular cyst. She concludes by exploring DNA origami technology, where scientists create microscopic structures that can bind to specific molecules, potentially revolutionizing medical testing through highly sensitive biosensors.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 2-06-2025: A live guest in the studio introduces Mom's Meals (momsmeals.com,) a program providing free meal delivery services for qualifying Medicare Advantage and Medi-Cal recipients with various dietary needs. During a lengthy live call, Dr. Dawn provides comprehensive guidance for a patient experiencing recurring COVID infections, discussing treatment options, long-haul symptoms, and recovery strategies. She announces FDA approval of Suzetrigine (Journavx), a novel non-opiate pain medication that works by blocking pain signals in the spinal cord, potentially marking a significant advancement in pain management. Responding to an email, Dr. Dawn provides detailed advice for treating a chronically splitting fingernail, recommending silk wrap treatment as a long-term solution. The show examines research showing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and exercise can slow biological aging, with participants aging 4 months slower over a 3-year study period. Dr. Dawn discusses concerning new research showing microplastics accumulating in mouse brains, kidneys and liver. She explores the emergence of valley fever (coccidiomycosis) as a climate change-related health threat, explaining how drones and genetic analysis are helping track its spread in California where 97% of cases originate The show explores promising research on oyster hemolymph proteins that may help combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A live caller follows up with a question about microplastic exposure from CPAP machines, with Dr. Dawn recommending inline bacterial paper-based filters to help capture microplastics and suggesting consultation with doctors about adjusting pressure settings to accommodate the filters.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-30-2025: Dr. Dawn explores new research on testosterone replacement therapy's cardiovascular safety, explaining benefits for muscle mass maintenance and diabetes prevention in aging men. She addresses caller concerns about probiotics during antibiotic treatment, explaining how dead bacteria can still provide beneficial effects and help prevent complications. The show examines the current challenges facing 23andMe, including data breaches and financial difficulties, with recommendations for users to download and delete their data. Dr. Dawn discusses breakthrough success in pig kidney transplantation, highlighting a patient's remarkable two-month milestone with normal kidney function. She provides a comprehensive overview of scientifically-proven strategies to reduce dementia risk, including diet, exercise, vaccination, and social engagement The show addresses an email question about migraine treatments, discussing medication options including parthenolide and topiramate as alternatives to expensive newer drugs. Dr. Dawn explains the benefits of honey as a sugar substitute, noting that while raw honey offers some nutritional advantages over processed sugar, it still affects blood sugar similarly. She helps a caller investigate mysterious recurring purple discoloration on her nose tip, suggesting possible vascular causes and recommending documentation of episodes. Dr. Dawn explains the use of colloidal silver nasal spray for viral protection, discussing its effectiveness despite limited clinical trials.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-23-2025: Dr. Dawn announces a recall of Mylan's generic levothyroxine due to quality testing failures, affecting lots expiring in 2025 that don't meet FDA's 5% threshold for stated content. She provides comprehensive guidance on health impacts from the Moss Landing California battery fire, discussing cancer risks, heavy metal exposure, and detoxification methods including testing options and protective measures. The show explores promising research on bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis prevention, discussing a study showing one or two doses of Reclast could prevent fractures in post-menopausal women with normal bone density. Dr. Dawn examines innovative research on transplanting foot sole cells to improve prosthetic comfort for amputees, explaining how fibroblast transplantation could create more durable skin surfaces. She discusses alternative treatments for gallstones, particularly focusing on using ursodiol combined with lithotripsy as a potential surgery alternative for high-risk patients. The show addresses listener questions about knee injections for osteoarthritis, explaining cortisone's benefits and discussing vitamin supplementation including vitamins D3 and K2 for bone health. Dr. Dawn provides detailed information to a caller about ischial bursitis treatment, discussing injection techniques and cushioning options for managing tailbone area pain.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-16-2025: Dr. Dawn provides a comprehensive analysis of the H5N1 bird flu situation, explaining viral mutations, transmission patterns, and potential risks in both agricultural and human populations. She examines the concerning implications of research showing rapid viral mutations after human transmission and discusses available antiviral treatments. The show addresses concerns about mirror cell research, warning about potential dangers of creating mirror-image microbes that could be unrecognizable to immune systems. She discusses the alarming rise in hypothermia deaths across America, noting how sudden temperature fluctuations and increasing homelessness contribute to doubled mortality rates since 1999. Dr. Dawn provides detailed analysis of an email from a person post-gastric bypass with dangerous blood sugar spikes, outlining potential causes and suggesting comprehensive testing approaches. A caller presents case of dual ureter injury during C-section surgery, Dr. Dawn explores treatment options and complications. She then responds to another caller with recurring toenail fungus, discussing various approaches from traditional medications to alternative remedies. She shares fascinating insights from the book "How to Win Friends and Influence Fungi," exploring parasites that control host behavior, from shrimp-manipulating worms to fungi that turn insects into spore-dispersing zombies.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 1-09-2025: Dr. Dawn celebrates major medical breakthroughs of 2024, highlighting the successful pig-to-human kidney transplant using CRISPR technology and a revolutionary HIV prevention injection. She discusses research showing the cognitive benefits of handwriting versus typing, explaining how writing activates more complex brain patterns in memory formation. The show explores recent health findings about the benefits of human touch, internet use for seniors' mental health, and promising LSD research for depression treatment. Dr. Dawn provides detailed analysis of dietary concerns, examining common vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the American population and their health implications. She examines the growing problem of kidney stones in children, linking it to increased sodium consumption and environmental factors like urban heat islands. The show concludes with an explanation of "fartlek" training, a Swedish exercise method combining interval training with spontaneous pace changes for improved cardiovascular health.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 01-02-2025: Dr. Dawn provides comprehensive advice to a sepsis survivor about rebuilding her microbiome after extensive antibiotic treatment, emphasizing the importance of fermented foods and probiotics. She discusses long-term recovery strategies and addresses the psychological trauma of surviving a life-threatening infection that reached the patient's eyes. The show explores a caller's concerns about widespread itchy skin, examining various potential causes and treatment approaches while explaining the diagnostic process. Dr. Dawn responds to an email and presents a detailed analysis of methylene blue's diverse medical applications, from its origins as a fabric dye to its current uses in surgery, cancer treatment, and as an antidote for various conditions. She examines a Swedish study revealing increased risk of heart arrhythmias following COVID-19 infection, discussing implications for patient care. The show concludes with a critical analysis of recent recommendations regarding vitamin D and calcium supplementation for older adults, challenging some of the findings. /li/ul

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 12-19-2024: Dr. Dawn examines a groundbreaking lawsuit against major food companies which alleges that these corporations deliberately design and market addictive ultra-processed foods to minors, leading to health conditions like type 2 diabetes. She discusses new FDA standards for "healthy" food labels, most breakfast cereals and snacks will no longer qualify while nuts, seeds, and whole foods gain approval. A caller initiates an in-depth conversation about addiction treatment approaches, comparing Portugal's successful drug policy reforms with current U.S. practices. Dr. Dawn explains omega-3 index and omega-6 fatty acid ratios in context of research implicating excess Omega 6 in colon cancer. There is an alarming rise in colorectal cancer among younger adults. Do processed foods play a role? A caller asks about lung function and morning phlegm production, and concerns about microplastics in the air and their health impacts. The show concludes with a scientific exploration of hangovers, including their causes, symptoms, and evidence-based treatments.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 12-12-2024: Dr. Dawn examines the risks of ibuprofen overuse, discussing how NSAIDs can damage the gut lining, affect kidney function, and lead to various health complications when used long-term. She provides insight into Medicare reimbursement rates for common lab tests, explaining the significant price disparities between Medicare payments and commercial rates. The show explores the current H5N1 bird flu situation affecting egg and dairy production, discussing viral mutations and the promising development of a universal flu vaccine. Dr. Dawn explores the remarkable fact that among placental mammals, only humans, certain bats, elephant shrews, and one species of spiny mouse experience menstruation, leading to challenges in research models. She recounts the fascinating history of menstruation research, from 1940s scientists chasing elephant shrews in South Africa to shipping bats in takeout containers for laboratory studies. The show details modern breakthroughs in menstruation research through organoids and organs-on-chips technology, explaining how these tools are revolutionizing our understanding of women's health. Dr. Dawn addresses perimenopause and hormone replacement therapy, discussing historical misconceptions and current treatment perspectives. The show concludes with research on artemisia, explaining how this traditional herb shows promise in treating polycystic ovary syndrome through its effects on hormone regulation.

Broadcast on KSQD, Santa Cruz on 11-05-2024: Dr. Dawn opens with a health alert about a 500% increase in pertussis cases in California, providing guidance on recognizing symptoms and risks for various populations. She explores the growing trend of hospital-at-home programs, discussing their benefits, challenges, and the pending expiration of Medicare waivers that could affect patient care. The show examines the safety concerns in common household products, particularly focusing on harmful chemicals in laundry detergents and recommending safer alternatives. Dr. Dawn presents an in-depth analysis of fertility treatments and ovarian cancer risk, suggesting enhanced monitoring protocols for women with IVF history. She discusses the surprising toxicity of vintage books, revealing the presence of dangerous chemicals in their colored cloth covers and suggesting safety precautions. The show explores recent research linking dark chocolate consumption to reduced diabetes risk, explaining the scientific evidence and potential health benefits. Dr. Dawn concludes with promising breakthrough research using stem cells to treat macular degeneration in mini pigs, suggesting potential applications for human vision restoration.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 11-21-2-24: Dr. Dawn introduces the groundbreaking Cellular Atlas project published in Nature journal, explaining how new technology allows unprecedented analysis of cellular interactions and developmental patterns. She explores the concept of holobionts - viewing symbiotic organisms as composite life forms with their microbiomes as co-equal contributors - challenging traditional views of individual organisms. The show delves into examples of holobiont relationships in nature, from bark beetles carrying fungal spores to the complex bacterial communities in human bodies and plant root systems. Dr. Dawn discusses how the holobiont perspective is revolutionizing our understanding of diseases, from cancer microbiomes to colony collapse disorder in bees. She examines practical applications of holobiont research in agriculture, including drought-resistant crops and methods to reduce methane emissions from cattle. The show explores the gut-brain axis and how microbiome interactions influence various diseases including depression, anxiety, and metabolic disorders. She then discusses research identifying that various cancers co-exist in the body with distinct fungal and bacterial microbiomes of their own Dr. Dawn concludes with a discussion of declining iodine levels in the American population, examining dietary changes and potential health implications.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 11-14-2024: Dr. Dawn discusses a severe national IV fluid shortage caused by Hurricane Helene's flooding of a Baxter International factory which has affected hospital operations and surgical schedules nationwide. She provides a comprehensive explanation of cystic fibrosis, detailing how genetic mutations affect mucus production and impact multiple body systems, particularly the lungs and digestive system. The show explores the daily challenges faced by cystic fibrosis patients and their families, from complex treatment routines to social and financial impacts. Dr. Dawn presents exciting breakthroughs in cystic fibrosis treatment, including new CFTR modulators, targeted antibiotics, and promising developments in stem cell therapy and genetic treatments. She discusses a new universal genomic test developed at UCSF that can identify nearly any pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid, potentially revolutionizing the diagnosis of neurological infections. Dr. Dawn advises a caller about retinal dystrophy, explaining the differences between various eye conditions and suggesting potential dietary and lifestyle interventions. The show concludes with a concerning report about the tenfold increase in congenital syphilis cases over the past decade.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 11-07-2024: Dr. Dawn opens with a guided deep breathing exercise to help listeners manage stress and maintain emotional balance in challenging times. She helps an emailer understand a stress test result for a 72-year-old patient, explaining ST changes, ischemia, and the importance of follow-up angiography tests for heart health evaluation. The show addresses another email from a listener asking for advice about managing alcohol use in an 85-year-old dementia patient. Dr. Dawn discusses medical detox options and medications like Naltrexone for treatment. Dr. Dawn explores the use of low-dose Naltrexone for chronic pain management, particularly in diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia. She discusses cataract formation risks associated with St. John's Wort and also mentions the adverse interaction between prostate medications and cataract surgery which increases the risk of complications. Make sure your ophthalmologist knows you are on prostate medications The show features an in-depth explanation of A1 versus A2 milk proteins, their digestive impacts, and potential inflammatory effects in the body. Dr. Dawn concludes with groundbreaking research on creating viable oocytes from stem cells in mice, discussing implications for future fertility treatments.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-31-2024: Dr. Dawn addresses a listener's question about PSA results, introducing the new ExoDX prostate score test as a less invasive screening option. Dr. Dawn provides a comprehensive overview of chronic pain types, including nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain, affecting 30% of the global population. She explains the gate control theory of pain and how recent research suggests autoimmune components in conditions like fibromyalgia. A caller's description of intermittent, localized pain leads to discussion of food sensitivities, immune complexes, and elimination diet strategies. Dr. Dawn reveals exciting new research showing GLP-1 receptor agonists (like Ozempic) may effectively treat various types of pain. She concludes with practical advice for pain management, including nutritional support, hormone optimization, and medications to avoid.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-24-2024: Cindy Jaconette introduces the upcoming "Raise Your Voices for Pancreatic Cancer Support" concert at Bargetto Winery on 11/2/2024, benefiting the Santa Cruz Cancer Benefit Group. Signup at https://www.sccbg.org/ Dr. Michael Alexander discusses pancreatic cancer detection challenges and explains how the Santa Cruz Cancer Benefit Group supports local cancer services and research. Dr. Alexander describes the comprehensive services offered by the Katz Cancer Resource Center, including nurse navigation, genetic counseling, and support groups. Dr. Joel Primack shares his remarkable pancreatic cancer survival story, highlighting the importance of clinical trials and immunotherapy treatments. Dr. Primack, an astrophysicist, offers fascinating insights into modern cosmology and upcoming astronomical projects, demonstrating the importance of maintaining passion during cancer treatment. The doctor addresses questions about TB testing accuracy, explaining the high rate of false positives in Quantiferon tests and suggesting retesting protocols. Dr. Dawn responds to a caller's questions about alcohol and eating before sleep, explaining how both can interfere with sleep hormones and digestive processes.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-17-2024: Dr. Dawn addresses a listener's question about optimal timing for the consumption of iron, green tea, and nori powder to maximize absorption, recommending timing and supplementation strategies. She responds to a listener's email on the issue of plastic in tea bags and provides resources for finding plastic-free options, while also clarifying misconceptions about microplastics in seaweed and fish. Dr. Dawn celebrates the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine awarded for the discovery of micro RNA, explaining its significance in gene regulation and potential therapeutic applications. She highlights a major neuroscience milestone: the mapping of a fruit fly's brain connectome, discussing its implications for understanding complex behaviors and neural circuits. Dr. Dawn provides comprehensive advice for managing ulcerative colitis, including vitamin D supplementation, CBD, omega-3 fatty acids, and stress reduction techniques. She discusses a study on pythons that could lead to new therapies for heart disease, explaining how the snake's unique cardiac adaptations might inform human treatments. Dr. Dawn introduces the Ronnie Gardner method, a music-based movement therapy showing promise in rehabilitation for stroke and Parkinson's disease patients.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-10-2024: Dr. Dawn announces Medicare's new list of over 200 drugs available for $2 per 30-day supply, covering a wide range of medications. She discusses a new urine test called ExoDx for prostate cancer screening, which can help avoid unnecessary biopsies in the "gray zone" of elevated PSA levels. The doctor addresses a listener's question about Klebsiella pneumoniae found in a nasal swab, explaining colonization versus infection and the risks of unnecessary antibiotic use. Dr. Dawn explores the reliability of QuantiFERON TB tests, suggesting potential false positives and the importance of retesting with different antigen tubes. She discusses orthostatic hypotension in older adults, offering practical tips like squeezing a firm ball before standing up and proper standing techniques to prevent falls. The doctor explains the importance of vitamin A for vegans, highlighting potential BCMO1 genetic variations that may affect beta-carotene conversion and recommending blood tests. Dr. Dawn addresses a question about elevated bilirubin levels post-gallbladder removal, discussing possible causes and diagnostic procedures like MRI and ERCP.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-03-2024: In response to several listener emails, Dr. Dawn expands on the benefits of Nori powder and Rhamnan sulfate, including their effects on cholesterol and the glycocalyx. TheThe type of Nori seaweed species with the high amounts of Rhamnam sulfate is monostroma nitidum (Japanese name Hitoegusa,) and can be obtained online at Https://okume.us. She then took a little time to recap the antiviral, anti-glycemic, and cardiovascular benefits of Rhamnan sulfate found in certain seaweeds. The doctor then emphasized the importance of hot water extraction for seaweed and mushrooms as dried powders to increase bioavailability of beneficial compounds. In response to another email, Dr. Dawn addressed green tea's interaction with iron which binds and prevents absorption and its potential impact on EGCG's antioxidant properties. This lead to a brief reassuring discussion about internet memes around the safety of tea consumption and debunking concerns about lead contamination in most commercial teas. We then heard about the potential link between a common artificial fragrance Musk Ambrette, which is implicated in causing early puberty in girls as young as 9 years old. Dr. Dawn briefly comments on the need for a new economic model to address the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant superbugs and the need for new antibiotics. A discussion on so-called anti-nutrients in foods, including lectins, oxalates, and phytates, and their actual impact on health. The importance of cooking methods in reducinganti-nutrients and increasing mineral availability in foods. The potential benefits of phytoestrogens, particularly from soy, in reducing cancer risk for young women. The risks associated with processed and convenience foods, particularly regarding microplastics. In response to a telephone question, the doctor gave some strategies for managing herpes outbreaks and its potential long-term effects on brain health. She also emphasized the importance of sleep and exercise for longevity and overall health.

Broadcast on KSQD, Santa Cruz on 9-26-2024: Dr. Dawn discusses a study on mice whose abdomens were made transparent using tartrazine aka yellow dye #3, explaining the physics behind this phenomenon and potential medical applications. The FDA's approval of an new and cheaper epinephrine nasal spray called Neffy is announced as a more convenient alternative to EpiPens. Hyperaldosteronism, a potentially underdiagnosed condition causing treatment - resistant hypertension in many patients, is explained along with its symptoms and testing methods. A study suggesting that COVID lockdowns may have prematurely aged teenagers' brains is discussed, with notable differences in brain scans of areas affected between boys and girls. Research on racial disparities in unscheduled emergency C-sections among black and white women is examined, considering various factors that might contribute to this difference. Dr. Dawn reviews a meta-analysis on the risks of screening colonoscopies, highlighting higher complication rates than previously thought. The show explores exciting new research on breast milk components and their potential therapeutic applications for various conditions in adult. Recent findings on human aging patterns are presented, revealing two significant aging points in life and discussing how different body systems age at varying rates.

Broadcast on KSQD, Santa Cruz on 9-19-2024: Read the fine print! Dr. Dawn explains the pros and cons of Medicare Advantage plans compared to traditional Medicare A caller seeks advice about whether to have gallbladder removal surgery, and Dr. Dawn discusses the risks,benefits. and alternatives. The show addresses a listener email question about high oxalate foods and their potential effects on health. Prompted by another email, Dr. Dawn explains the causes and treatments for leg cramps, particularly in older adults. A caller inquires about prediabetes and diabetes management, and Dr. Dawn discusses blood sugar monitoring and lifestyle changes. In the aftermath of a recent press release of a study prior to formal peer review claiming high levels of microplastics in human brains, with Dr. Dawn expressing guarded skepticism about the findings. Dr. Dawn the discusses an interesting archaeological study revealing arthritis patterns in ancient Egyptian scribes , highlighting the longstanding connection between occupation and joint health.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 9--12-2024: Dr. Dawn explains gout, its causes, and conventional and alternative medical approaches to treating it. The role of the gut microbiome in gout is explored, including how certain bacteria can influence uric acid levels. Diet and lifestyle recommendations for managing gout are discussed, including prebiotic-rich foods and fermented foods. The Glycocalyx, a thin membrane lining blood vessels, is introduced as an important factor in cardiovascular health. Factors that damage and protect the Glycocalyx are discussed, including the effects of hyperglycemia and certain medications. Rhamnan sulfate, derived from seaweed, is highlighted as a potential supplement for improving vascular health and reducing atherosclerotic plaques. A new method of testing for sleep apnea using sweat analysis is presented, offering a potential alternative to current diagnostic methods. The show compares surgical and non-surgical approaches to treating Achilles tendon ruptures, discussing the benefits of functional bracing over immobilization.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 5-30-2024 and 9-05-2024: Cognitive errors in medicine dismissing unusual presentations as psychological A case of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing psychiatric symptoms Failures of genetic research to identify causes Need for integrating neurology and psychiatry; Importance of testing for antibodies and using MRI scans Detailed explanation of immune tolerance, peripheral tolerance, and the phenomenon of molecular mimicry in diseases like multiple sclerosis and celiac disease Importance of addressing root causes rather than just symptoms Historical context and current advancements in treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis using reprogrammed immune cells and iron oxide nanoparticles Explanation of how the liver filters blood and helps establish immune tolerance by processing cellular debris and antigens Advances in engineering regulatory T cells to target specific disease sites and calm inflammatory responses Exploration of new diagnostic tools and the potential of AI in understanding complex psychiatric conditions Detection of colds and other diseases by analysis of voice frequency patterns

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 8-29-2024: Dr. Diana Schwarzbein explains the concept of damaged metabolism, focusing on building and using biochemicals in the body. Dr. Jeffrey Bland discusses metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and their widespread effects on various bodily systems. Dr. Mark Houston explores the relationship between insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Dr. David Perlmutter explains the connections between diabetes, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The concept of food as information is introduced, highlighting how nutrients can influence gene expression and cellular function. The role of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in aging and disease is discussed. The importance of fat cells as an endocrine organ and their impact on inflammation is explored. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are explained in relation to cellular health and disease. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations for reducing inflammation and improving overall health are provided by multiple speakers. The potential benefits of specific supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E, and green tea extract are discussed. The speakers advocate for a more holistic, interconnected approach to medicine that addresses root causes rather than treating symptoms in isolation.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 8-22-2024: Dr. Dawn discusses the overuse of cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) for gallstones and abdominal pain, emphasizing the need for more careful patient selection. A caller seeks advice about her breastfeeding infant's digestive issues. The show explores a new ultrafast genetic sequencing technology for brain tumors that can provide crucial information during surgery. Dr. Dawn explains how early primary care follow-up after surgery can significantly reduce hospital readmissions, suggesting improvements in scheduling systems. The potential hepatotoxicity of certain herbs is discussed, with Dr. Dawn providing context and questioning the validity of some negative claims about turmeric and green tea. Information about Gymnema, an ayurvedic compound for glucose control, is shared, including dosage and potential effects. Dr. Dawn addresses a listener question about compounded semaglutide as an alternative to brand-name medications like Ozempic. The show concludes with recent research on how anger impairs blood vessel dilation, potentially explaining its link to heart attacks and strokes.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 8-15-2024: Dr. Dawn addresses a caller's concerns about stomach pain and discusses a simple test for acid stomach and some short term conservative conservative approaches before considering invasive procedures like endoscopy. A caller shares his experience using cannabis and warm water therapy to alleviate back pain and stiffness. Are your memory problems a sign of early Alzheimer's? Dr. Dawn discusses a new blood test for Alzheimer's disease that detects P-tau217 protein levels, potentially allowing for earlier diagnosis and intervention. Dr. Dawn reviews the Lancet Dementia Commission's findings on modifiable risk factors for dementia, including lifestyle choices and health conditions that can impact cognitive decline. The benefits of Tai Chi for improving cognitive function in older adults are highlighted, based on a recent study. Research on wasabi's potential to enhance episodic and working memory in older adults is discussed. Dr. Dawn explains the concept of a battery-powered wound dressing and its potential applications for wound healing, particularly in diabetic patients. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for brain injuries and stroke recovery is mentioned. Dr. Dawn responds to an email about using blackstrap molasses as a source of calcium, discussing its potential drawbacks and suggesting alternatives.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 8-08-2024: Dr. Dawn compares conventional medicine with functional medicine, explaining their different approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The show addresses a listener's question about nutrition and supplementation for breastfeeding mothers, offering specific advice on omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, vitamin K2, and dietary recommendations. A new study using gut flora analysis and AI to potentially detect autism in children at an early stage is discussed, highlighting the potential for earlier interventions. Recent research using epigenetic markers to identify prenatal exposures allows early diagnosis of subtle, hard to identify congenital defects and start early treatments The show explores other new uses of AI in medical research, particularly in the development of new antibiotics and antibodies for various diseases including cancer. The potential of AI in protein folding prediction and its application in designing more effective antibodies for diseases like Ebola and COVID-19 is explained. Development of new antibiotics and antifungals using AI and nonprofit partnerships is discussed as a way to address antibiotic resistance where no market incentives exist to drive industry investment. Health warnings are given about Valley Fever (coccidiosis) risks at outdoor music festivals in California and dangers of freshwater algae blooms during summer. The potential of repurposing older, off-patent drugs for cancer treatment is explored, using the example of pyrvinium for colon cancer. The rising costs of new cancer drugs and biological treatments are addressed, with suggestions for alternative development models. A concerning increase in congenital syphilis cases is noted, with a call for more widespread testing, especially in pregnant women.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 8-01-2024: Dr. Dawn discusses the American Endocrine society's recent guidelines on vitamin D testing and supplementation, explaining its importance for various age groups and health conditions. She clarifies misconceptions about vitamin D toxicity and emphasizes the need for proper dosing. The show addresses a listener's question about dealing with reflux many hours after his last meal, explaining the circadian rhythm of gastric acid secretion and offering practical advice for managing symptoms. Dr. Dawn talks about a new comprehensive glycemic index and glycemic load of foods derived with AI-assistance. She highlights the impact of high glycemic foods on blood sugar and appetite. A recent study on fish oil supplements and brain function in older adults is discussed, showing significant benefits for those with the Alzheimer's-associated APOE4 gene in reducing white matter lesions in as little as one year. A listener inquires about stem cell injections. Dr. Dawn then covers the dangers of unregulated stem cell treatments, warning listeners about the lack of oversight and potential risks associated with these therapies. Dr. Dawn explains the concept of cryptic pregnancy, where women are unaware of their pregnancy until labor begins, discussing potential causes and occurrences. The show delves into the issue of healthcare monopolies, focusing on UnitedHealth Group and other large healthcare corporations. Dr. Dawn explains how these monopolies impact patient care, costs, and physician autonomy. A study on walking as a treatment for back pain is presented, showing significant benefits for those who follow a regular walking regimen in reducing pain flare-ups and extending pain-free periods. The program concludes with news about a new HIV antiviral drug administered by injection every six months, demonstrating high efficacy in preventing HIV infection among high-risk populations.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 7-25-2024: Dr. Dawn discusses the importance of magnesium as an essential electrolyte, often overlooked in standard medical tests. She explains its role in energy production, protein synthesis, and various bodily functions. She covers common causes of magnesium deficiency, including certain medications, chronic conditions, and dietary factors. Dr. Dawn provides advice on recognizing and addressing low magnesium levels. Dr. Dawn responds to an email about severe allergic reactions to insect bites, suggesting potential causes, including leukemia, and bullous pemphigoid and recommending further medical investigation. Another listener's email about chronic gastrointestinal issues is addressed, with Dr. Dawn offering suggestions for diagnosis and treatment, including pancreatic enzyme supplementation and microbiome testing. The show explores recent developments in gene editing technology, specifically a new technique called CHARM that could potentially turn off disease-causing genes like those responsible for prion diseases. Dr. Dawn answers a question about the differences between gelatin and vegetarian options. The health implications of coconut oil and other dietary fats are briefly touched upon, with Dr. Dawn providing her perspective on oil consumption. Are gluten free foods really gluten free? A recent analysis suggests widespread contamination with glyphosate (Round-up) and gluten in these commercial products. Who is minding the store? Lastly, the show covers recently identified and unexpected unintended genetic changes resulting from CRISPR gene editing technology, highlighting recent research and its implications for food safety and genetic modification.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 7-18-2024 Surgeon General's report on gun violence: Gun deaths in the US are at a three-decade high Guns are now the leading cause of death among children and teenagers aged 1-19 Dr. Dawn calls for bipartisan action on gun control New male contraceptive: A topical gel combining Nestorone and testosterone Works by suppressing sperm production while maintaining male characteristics Persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors: Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) found in drinking water and rainwater Sources include breakdown products of refrigerants, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals Linked to cancer, infertility, and developmental issues Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors: Associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in children Chemicals affect obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance Petrochemical industry and plastic production: Alternative energy production is increasing production of single-use plastics by petrochemical giants as a revenue source Contributes to widespread exposure to endocrine disruptors Health effects of endocrine disruptors: Interfere with many different hormone receptors, hormone synthesis and hormone bio-elimination Impacts are greatest on fetal development, neurodevelopment, and cancer risk Disproportionate effects on marginalized communities Advice to mitigate exposure and detoxify: Use reverse osmosis water filtration Choose organic foods and reduce meat consumption Avoid plastic food containers and utensils Read labels on personal care products Leave shoes outside and use natural cleaning products Increase fruit and vegetable intake Use air filters in homes near busy roads Detoxification methods: Sweating through exercise, saunas, or Epsom salt baths Dietary changes and supplements (e.g., milk thistle, alpha-lipoic acid, green tea) Avoiding constipation to help eliminate toxins Other topics: Effects of magnesium on sleep Microplastics from synthetic fabrics

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 7-11-2024 Dr. Dawn answers a caller's question about vitamin D supplementation, explaining its importance for bone health, mood regulation, and immune function. She discusses the physiological processes involving vitamin D and recommends getting blood levels checked. A second caller asks about the safety of Stevia as a sweetener. Dr. Dawn explains the importance of examining original sources for health claims and discusses the challenges of determining causality in nutrition studies. She compares various artificial sweeteners and suggests moderation in their use. Dr. Dawn provides a health alert about a measles exposure in Santa Cruz, describing symptoms to watch for and emphasizing the importance of vaccination. She shares personal anecdotes about the dangers of measles. An email from a listener about atrial fibrillation is addressed. Dr. Dawn discusses the risks associated with atrial fibrillation, blood thinners, and the Watchman device. She emphasizes the importance of stress reduction and suggests alternatives to invasive procedures. Dr. Dawn comments on a recent retraction of a key Alzheimer's study, discussing the implications for Alzheimer's research and treatment development. A new development in baby formula is discussed, involving genetically modified plants producing human milk oligosaccharides for improved infant nutrition. Dr. Dawn responds to an email about lipoprotein A and cardiovascular risk, discussing risk factors, the importance of inflammation reduction and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. The show concludes with a mention of myFooddata.com, a nutrition information website recommended by a listener. Throughout the show, Dr. Dawn emphasizes the importance of critical thinking about medical information, considering economic drivers in healthcare, and focusing on lifestyle factors for overall health.

Broadcast from KSQD on 7-04-2024: Natural bodies of water illustrates the importance of bright neon colors for visibility. Plus: additional advice on keeping children safe around water. Research on gender differences in space travel effects reveals women are more resilient. A study finding greater gene activity disruption in male vs female astronauts has implications for future space missions. An interview with Dr. Gabor Mate covers a broad range of topics: Discussion of addiction reframing it as a brain state Factors contributing to addiction proneness include: Early life experiences and attachment relationships Brain development and environmental influences Neurotransmitters and addiction susceptibility Critical periods for healthy attachment and brain development Parallels between addiction and attention deficit disorder (ADD) Origins and misconceptions about ADD Impact of parental stress on child development Transgenerational patterns in addiction and ADD Dr. Mate's personal experiences with ADD Treatment approaches for ADD Parenting strategies and misconceptions Impact of modern technology on attention spans Dr. Mate's book "When the Body Says No" Mind-body connection in chronic illnesses Stress and disease development Personality traits associated with chronic illness Importance of addressing psychological factors in treatment The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its role in health Discussion of narcolepsy and emotional arousal The seven A's of healing approach Importance of introspection and self-awareness for health Dr. Mate's book "Hold On To Your Kids" Impact of peer influence on child development Importance of parental attachment and influence About Gabor Mate, MD: Worked as a family physician for two decades Served as Medical Coordinator of the Palliative Care Unit at Vancouver Hospital Spent eight years working in Vancouver's Downtown East side with patients challenged by addiction and mental illness Bestselling author of multiple books on addiction, stress, and child development Known for his expertise in trauma, addiction, stress, and childhood development Advocates for a compassionate approach to addiction and mental health Developed the Compassionate Inquiry psycho-therapeutic method

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-27-2024. Dr. Dawn interviews Dr. Michael Amster, a physician and researcher specializing in pain management and mindfulness practices. Dr. Amster introduces the AWE method, a technique for "micro-dosing" mindfulness developed during his own experience with burnout. The AWE method involves finding moments of awe in everyday experiences through three steps: Attention, Wait, and Exhale/Expand. Research on the AWE method during the COVID-19 pandemic showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and loneliness among participants. Dr. Amster explains the physiological benefits of experiencing awe, including lowered inflammation in the body. The emotion of awe is discussed as a way to connect people to something greater than themselves, leading to increased generosity, compassion, and open-mindedness. Dr. Amster shares personal stories of how the AWE practice has impacted people's lives, including applications in chronic pain management and cancer treatment support. The interview concludes with a passage from Dr. Amster's book "The Power of Awe" and a guided AWE practice for listeners.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-20-2024 Health tip: Dr. Dawn advises you to shop around for medications, especially cheap generics, as pharmacies may claim unavailability due to corporate contracts and profit margins. Healthcare industry consolidation: Discussion of how large venture capital firms are acquiring healthcare businesses, leading to potential price increases and reduced competition. Parkinson's disease and GLP-1 drugs: A study showing potential benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic in early Parkinson's disease. Bird flu update: Current status of bird flu spread in the US, transmission risks, and safety precautions. Spinal cord stimulation: New non-invasive technique showing promise for improving function in people with long-term spinal cord injuries. Peanut allergies: Recent research reversing previous recommendations, suggesting early exposure to peanuts may reduce allergy risk. Longevity study: Analysis of blood biomarkers in centenarians, highlighting factors like uric acid levels and blood sugar. Cholesterol-eating gut bacteria: Research on bacteria that break down cholesterol in the gut, potentially lowering heart disease risk. Alcohol and air travel: Study showing combined effects of alcohol consumption and low air pressure on cardiovascular health during flights. Energy requirements of pregnancy: Surprising findings on the high caloric needs during pregnancy, mostly for the mother's body rather than the fetus. HPV vaccine success: Significant reduction in cervical cancer rates due to the vaccine, with a call for increased vaccination rates, especially among boys, to prevent head and neck cancer.

Broadcast from KSQD Santa Cruz on 6-13-2024 Alzheimer's Disease and APOE4 Gene Listener asks about the APOE4 gene and its association with Alzheimer's disease in the light of a recent sensationalistic Nature publication. The impact of amyloid beta and TAU proteins on Alzheimer's pathology. Differences in Alzheimer's risk among different ethnic groups with APOE4 with emphasis on the importance of cholesterol levels as a risk multiplier. Advice for a listener's husband dealing with chronic back pain and sciatica Dr. Dawn presents a basic checklist for evaluating back pain symptoms and determining the need for urgent medical intervention. Potential causes are discussed such as spinal nerve compression from various sources. In this case, Dr. Dawn made a specific suggestion of McKenzie exercises and emphasized the importance of seeing a sports medicine doctor or physiatrist for a comprehensive evaluation. Dr. Dawn responds to a caller about managing knee osteoarthritis The role of glucosamine, chondroitin, and topical diclofenac in treatment. Discussion on non-pharmaceutical approaches like heat application and massage. Potential interventions like steroid injections, hyaluronic acid, platelet rich plasma and their benefits and risks. Dr. Dawn answers a question about dietary oxalates and their impact on kidney stones She emphasizes the importance of the oxalate content in foods and its limited role in kidney stone formation. She emphasizes the importance of hydration and maintaining a healthy microbiome. For specific dietary guidelines on oxalate in foods she suggests using oxalate.org. A concerned parent asks about aluminum and other vaccine adjuvants like formaldehyde for their infant's 2 month well child visit She expresses conflicting fears of being mischaracterized as a vaccine denier by merely expressing concern about vaccination for her infant. Dr. Dawn provides a breakdown of the necessity, immediate urgency and risks of each recommended vaccine (Hepatitis B, DTaP, Polio, Hib, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus) and suggests a social contextualization strategy to perhaps delay Polio, rotavirus and Hep B in this family's social context while emphasizing the importance of certain vaccinations to prevent serious illnesses. Dr. Dawn cites intriguing ambiguities in the literature that support the counterintuitive idea that smaller doses of aluminum may have a greater accumulation in tissues of brain and reproductive tissues than larger doses, and promises to research this further in a future program.

Broadcast on KSQD Santa Cruz on 7-05-2024: Guest introduction and Background Introduction of Rita Hewitt, regional director for Central Coast overdose prevention, and her professional background. Overview of Rita's notable achievements and roles in various healthcare and harm reduction initiatives. Rita's journey from a licensed pharmacy technician to her current role in overdose prevention. Impact of the prescription opioid epidemic on her career choices and motivation to address addiction and overdose issues. Stories from Rita's early career, including encounters with prescription opioid misuse and its consequences. Challenges in Opioid Prescription and Addiction Discussion on the challenges faced by healthcare providers in managing pain and the consequences of opioid prescriptions. Examples of misuse and the impact of addiction on individuals and the community. Historical Context of Opioid Epidemic Examination of the history of opioid use and misuse, from pharmaceutical origins to current trends. The role of pharmaceutical companies and legislation in shaping the opioid crisis. Pendulum Swing in Opioid Prescribing Practices Analysis of the shifting attitudes towards opioid prescribing over the decades. The impact of educational mandates and legislation on prescribing practices and patient care. Current Strategies for Harm Reduction Overview of harm reduction initiatives and resources available in the community. Discussion on the effectiveness of buprenorphine and other medications in treating opioid addiction. Emerging Drug Threats Introduction of new substances like Xylazine and their impact on the community. Challenges in addressing these new threats and the limitations of existing overdose reversal medications. Testing and Safety Measures Importance of fentanyl test strips and other tools in preventing overdoses. Availability and distribution of test strips and Narcan within the community. Legislation and Policy Initiatives Recent laws and mandates aimed at improving opioid prescription practices and overdose prevention. Discussion on potential future initiatives to enhance harm reduction and public safety. Pendulum Swing in Opioid Prescribing Practices Continued discussion on the history of opioid prescribing and the shifts in attitudes over the decades. Impact of legislation and educational mandates on opioid prescribing practices and patient care. Challenges and Personal Experiences in Addiction Rita shares personal experiences and anecdotes about friends and community members affected by opioid addiction. Dr. Dawn shares a story about a patient with a severe infection due to opioid misuse and the challenges in managing their pain and treatment. Current Strategies for Harm Reduction Overview of harm reduction strategies and resources available in the community. Discussion on the effectiveness and benefits of buprenorphine and other medications in treating opioid addiction. Emerging Drug Threats Introduction of new substances like Xylazine and their impact on the community. Challenges in addressing these new threats and the limitations of existing overdose reversal medications like Narcan. Statistics and Trends in Overdose Fatalities Examination of the current statistics and trends in overdose fatalities in the local community and nationally. Discussion on the increase in fentanyl-related fatalities and the ongoing challenges in addressing the crisis. Testing and Safety Measures Importance of fentanyl test strips and other tools in preventing overdoses. Availability and distribution of test strips and Narcan within the community. Legislation and Policy Initiatives Recent laws and mandates aimed at improving opioid prescription practices and overdose prevention. Discussion on potential future initiatives to enhance harm reduction and public safety. Community Initiatives and Collaboration Overview of local initiatives and collaborations aimed at addressing the opioid crisis and improving public health outcomes. Importance of community engagement and support in harm reduction efforts. Future Directions and Goals Rita's vision and goals for future harm reduction initiatives and policies. Discussion on the potential impact of upcoming legislation and community efforts on the opioid crisis.

KSQD 05-30-2024: Topics discussed include: Cognitive errors in medicine dismissing unusual presentations as psychological A case of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing psychiatric symptoms Failures of genetic research to identify causes Need for integrating neurology and psychiatry; Importance of testing for antibodies and using MRI scans Detailed explanation of immune tolerance, peripheral tolerance, and the phenomenon of molecular mimicry in diseases like multiple sclerosis and celiac disease Importance of addressing root causes rather than just symptoms Historical context and current advancements in treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis using reprogrammed immune cells and iron oxide nanoparticles Explanation of how the liver filters blood and helps establish immune tolerance by processing cellular debris and antigens Advances in engineering regulatory T cells to target specific disease sites and calm inflammatory responses Exploration of new diagnostic tools and the potential of AI in understanding complex psychiatric conditions