Podcast appearances and mentions of barry sharpless

Piezo touch and pressure-sensing ion channels are showing up everywhere as the explanation for physiologic phenomena, both at the macro and micro levels. Ardem Patapoutian, my friend and colleague at Scripps Research, discovered these receptors back in 2010 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2021 for his work. As you'll see/hear from our conversation, the field has exploded. And you'll get to know Ardem, who is such a fun, charismatic, and down-to-earth person. He also recently got a unique tattoo (videos below) and I wonder (unlikely) if any other Nobel laureates have one related to their discovery?!Below is a video clip from our conversation. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The current one is here. If you like the YouTube format, please subscribe! The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Transcript with links to audioEric Topol (00:07):Well, hello. It's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I've really got a special guest today. The first time for the podcast, I've been able to interview a colleague and faculty at Scripps Research, Ardem Patapoutian, who just by the way happens to be the 2021 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. So welcome, Ardem. It's so wonderful to have you.Ardem Patapoutian (00:30):Thanks so much, Eric. Looking forward to chatting with you.Eric Topol (00:34):Well, this has been interesting because although I've known you for several years, I didn't research you. I mean, I had to learn about more than I even do. And of course, one of the great sources of that is on the Nobel Prize website where you tell your whole story. It is quite a story and not to review all of it, but I wanted to go back just before you made the call to move to Los Angeles from Beirut, Lebanon and with the scare that you went through at that time, it seemed like that was just extraordinary that you had to live through that.Ardem Patapoutian (01:11):Yeah, so I am of Armenian origin, but I was born in Lebanon and born in 1967, so I was eight years old when the civil war started. So it's a kind of bizarre childhood in the sense that with all the bombs and fighting in Lebanon. So it was tough childhood to have, but it was never personal. It was bombs and such. And so, the event you're talking about is, I happened to be kidnapped while crossing East to West Beirut. They only held me for four or five hours at first asking me questions to see who I am, but I think they pretty soon figured out that I was not a dangerous guy and they ended up letting me go. But before that, that incident really had a huge impact on me so that by the time I got home, I literally said, I'm out of here. I'm going to find a way to leave the country. And so, that's what, very quickly within a few months I packed and came to United States.Eric Topol (02:19):And how did you pick LA to be your destination?Ardem Patapoutian (02:22):Being from the Armenian community, there's a lot of Armenians in Los Angeles. My cousins already had moved there. They also grew up in Lebanon. And my brother, who's a few years older than me, got admitted to USC graduate school in engineering. So he was going to be there. So it made a lot of sense.Eric Topol (02:44):Oh yeah.Ardem Patapoutian (02:45):Unlike him, I came with no school or job prospects because it happened so fast that I kind of just left. One year I was at American University of Beirut for one year, but then just left and came here. So worked for a year in various jobs and then started going back to school to UCLA.Eric Topol (03:07):Yeah, I saw how there was about a year where you were delivering pizzas and before you got into UCLA, and that must have been an interesting off year, if you will. Well, the story of course, just to fast forward, you did your baccalaureate at UCLA, your PhD at Caltech, postdoc at UCSF, and then you came to Scripps Research 24 years ago along with Pete Schultz, and it's been quite an amazing run that you've had. Now, before we get into PIEZO receptors, the background, maybe you could help me understand, the precursor work seems to be all related to the transient receptor potential (TRP) series, also ion channels. They were of course related to whether it was heat and temperature or somatosensory. How do these channels compare to the ones that you discovered years later?Background on these Ion ChannelsArdem Patapoutian (04:09):Yeah, so the somatosensory neurons that innervate your fingertips and everywhere else in your body, their main job is to sense temperature and pressure. And this is very different than any other neuron or any other cell. So when you touch a hot stove that's burning hot, you need to know about that immediately within milliseconds or something cold. So the opposite side of it is pressure sensing, and it also comes in light touch, which is pleasant or a hammer hitting your finger, which is unpleasant. But all of these have the same characteristic anyway, that is your body has learned at the molecular level to translate a physical stimulus such as temperature and pressure into an electrical signal that neurons use to communicate with each other. But this idea of how you translate physical stimuli into chemical or electrical signal has been a long open question because as you know, most of our cells communicate by chemicals, whether that's hormones or small molecules, we know how that works, receptor bind to ligand, confirmational change and you get a kinase activation and that's enough. But here, how do you sense pressure? How do you sense temperature? It was just, there wasn't much known about that. And that's why our earlier work on TRP channels, which were temperature sensors came before the pressure. And so, they're very related in that sense.Eric Topol (05:52):The structure of these, if you were to look at them, do they look pretty similar? What the TRP as you say, and what you did back in the 2010 Science paper, which we'll link to, of course the classic paper where you describe PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, but if you were to look at this structures, would they look pretty similar?Ardem Patapoutian (06:14):No, that's a good question. And they absolutely don't. That's why finding these receptors were so hard. So if you go back to other sensory receptors, vision rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs), larger G-protein coupled receptor look the same. So for example, when it was identified by chemically, that smell also works through G-protein coupled receptor. Richard Axel and Linda Buck, who also won the Nobel Prize, found those receptors by homology to visual GPCRs. The ion channels other than the fact that they crossed the membrane a few times or more, they have nothing else in common. If you looked at their structure, you can't even immediately tell they're ion channels. So you couldn't find these by structural homology or sequence homology. So you had to do something else. And usually that means functional screens and et cetera.Eric Topol (07:09):Well, yeah, and I'm in touch with the screening. We'll get to that and how you dig these up and find them. But the somatosensory ones are really interesting because I don't think a lot of people realize that when you have wasabi or you have Listerine mouthwash and feel the burn and that these are all mediated through these channels, right?Ardem Patapoutian (07:35):Yeah. So there's this whole field of chemesthesis, which means senses in your mouth, for example, that are not explained by taste transduction and olfactory. And these are actually by the same somatosensory neurons that help you sense temperature and pressure. And some of these receptors are the same. Their evolution has taken over and used them for many different things. The prime example of this is the capsaicin receptor that David Julius my co-laureate identified, which is also heat receptors. So all languages describe chili peppers as hot, and that's not a coincidence. It actually activates heat activated channel, and that's why we think of it as hot. And so, the same goes to another one of these TRP channels that you mentioned, which is TRPA1, and this one is also activated, but a lot of spicy foods other than the chili pepper active ingredient includes what's in garlic and onions and everything that has this burning sensation and chemicals of this and wasabi and chemicals of this are used in over the counter products like Listerine that cause that burning sensation.Eric Topol (08:54):So when you're chopping onions and it makes you cry, is that all part of it as well?Ardem Patapoutian (08:59):That's all TRPA1, yeah.The Discovery, A Test of PerseveranceEric Topol (09:01):It's wild. Now, this was the groundwork. There were these heat temperature and somatic sensory, and then you were starting to wonder what about touch, what about out pressure and proprioception. And so, you went on a hunt, and it's actually kind of an incredible story about how you were able to find out of these cells that you had, screening hundreds or I guess you got to 72 different small interfering RNA blocking that you finally found the one. Is that right?Ardem Patapoutian (09:37):That's right. So in retrospect, looking back at it, I think there's such an interesting scientific message there. And so, many of us were looking for this touch pressure sensors and we were all looking in the DRG sensory neurons that are complicated heterogeneous, they don't divide. It's not easy to do a screen on them. And ultimately after a lot of failures, what worked for us is to take a step back and ask a much more simpler question. And that was, can we find one of these cell lines that you could easily homogeneously grow in a culture dish, if they respond to mechanical force, can we find our channel there? And then go back and look if it's relevant in vivo for what process. So I think the message is ask the simplest question to answer the question you're after. And finding what that is, is actually the challenge lots of times.Ardem Patapoutian (10:36):But yeah, that's what Bertrand Coste in my lab did is found a simple cell line that neuroscientists had been using for a hundred years and somehow found that they over overexpressed this channel because you can record from them, you can push them and record the currents from them. And then it became a simpler question of finding it. It still took a whole year. He made a list and one by one knocking them out and looking at it. And finally, as you say, number 72 was the hit. When he knocked that out, the current was gone. And that's where we started believing that we have what we were looking for.Eric Topol (11:12):Were you all ever about ready to give up at that point?Ardem Patapoutian (11:16):Oh yeah. I mean that's another lesson. These are postdocs doing the work, right? And they're here three, four years and this was coming close to end of two years, and he didn't have anything yet. So we started talking about having a backup project and he started that and we said, okay, we were ordering this oligos 30 at a time because they're expensive. And so, the first 30 nothing, the second 30 nothing. And how many more are we going to do before we potentially give up? And we said, well, let's do at least a third and then decide, thank goodness it was in that last set.Eric Topol (11:54):Wow, that is so wild. Now what's happened since this discovery, which I guess when you published it in 2010, so it means 14 years ago, but we're on this exponential growth of learning that these piezo receptors are everywhere. They're doing everything. In fact, I recently put on Bluesky, PIEZO ion channels are to human physiology as GLP-1 drugs are to treating many diseases because it's just blowing up. And you've published on some of these of course, on itch and bladder function and vascular function. We'll get to maybe malaria, I mean, but even the cover of Science recently was about wet dog shakes and how animals shake because of water. These receptors are so fundamental to our function. So maybe you could comment, 15 years ago when you were doing the work and you're making this discovery, did you ever envision it was going to blow up like this?Ardem Patapoutian (12:57):Not to this level, but I should have. I think that this idea, again, that most of cell communication is through chemicals is of course a lot of it is true.Ardem Patapoutian (13:12):But it would be ridiculous for evolution to ignore all the physical forces, the pressures that cells experience. And once they do, you would think you would put an instructive way of sensing this pressure signal and using it beneficially to the system or the cell. And so, when we used to talk about pressure sensing at the beginning, there were a couple of touch, pain, maybe proprioception, hearing are like the poster children of pressure sensing. But I think what these molecules, as you say is enabling us is finding out the much more wider role that pressure sensing is playing in physiology and in disease that no one had thought seriously about. And this is, I compare sometimes the finding the PIEZO molecules. You're going in a dark room, and you need to find a door to get into there. And PIEZO is kind of that finding the door once you get in, now you use that molecule now to find physiology instead of the opposite way around. So by pursuing PIEZO expression and function, we're finding all these new roles that they play in physiology and in disease that we didn't think about. And because they're so specialized to sense tension, membrane tension, they don't do anything else. So if you see them expressed somewhere or if you see a function for them, you can bet that they are playing a role in sensing pressure. A lot of biology has kind of come from this hypothesis.Eric Topol (15:00):Well, I mean it is so striking to see the pervasiveness, and I do want to go back just for a second because when you name them PIEZO, you named it after the Greek word. How did you come to that name?Ardem Patapoutian (15:13):So Bertrand and I were actually sitting on Google Translate and we were typing pressure and trying to see what it's like in Greek or in Latin or different languages. His native French and my Armenian and píesi in Greek is pressure. And of course, what's really cool is that the word that more people know about this is piezoelectric device.Eric Topol (15:41):Oh, right.Ardem Patapoutian (15:41):Actually, translates physical force into electricity and vice versa. And in a way, this is a little molecular machine that does the same thing, and he uses this piezoelectric device to actually push on the cell. That's his assay. So it all came together as a very appropriate name for this gene and protein.Call from the Nobel CommitteeEric Topol (16:04):Oh really, it's perfect. And you get to name it, even that's fun too, right? Now we're going to go to getting the call at 2:00 AM, but it didn't come to you because your phone from the Nobel Committee was on ‘do not disturb' and your 94-year-old father, Sarkis. How did the Nobel Committee know to get ahold of him? How did they reach him in the middle of the night?Ardem Patapoutian (16:37):Yeah, so I mean, since receiving it, I've had conversations with various committee members, and they are very resourceful folks, and they have assistants who throughout the year collect information on all potential people who might win. They're also doing last minute searches. So they looked for other Patapoutian's in California. So they just called my dad who initially yelled at them for disturbing him at 2:00 AM.Eric Topol (17:17):And he could get through to you because he was not on your list of ‘do not disturb' or something like that.Ardem Patapoutian (17:22):I didn't even know this. And I don't know if the policy has changed, but in some phones the ‘do not disturb' if it's called by someone who's in your contacts or favorites.Ardem Patapoutian (17:34):After I think they called twice and they get through, and that's how.Getting a Tattoo!Eric Topol (17:39):That's amazing. Wow. Well, that's quite a way to find out that you're getting recognized like this. Now recently you got a tattoo, which I thought was really remarkable, but we're going to put that of course in the post. Tell us about your decision to get the PIEZO channel on your arm.Ardem Patapoutian (18:02):So as you can tell, I'm obsessed about PIEZO and it's been good to me. And I had the idea a while ago, and my very wise wife, Nancy Hong, said that you might be going through midlife crisis. Why don't you wait a year? If you still believe in it, you should do it. And that's what I did. I waited a year, and I was like, I still want to do it. And I guess I could show it. Here it is.Eric Topol (18:32):Oh yeah, there it is. Oh wow.Ardem Patapoutian (18:33):What's cool is that I can pretty much flex to show the activation mechanism because the channel is like bent like this in the plasma membrane. When it's stretched, it opens and it actually flattens like this. So I feel like other than being a tattoo, this is both performance art and instructional device. When I'm giving talks without PowerPoint slides, I could give a demonstration how this ion channel works.[Below is from a presentation that Ardem recently gave, the Harvey Lecture, at Rockefeller University.]Eric Topol (19:04):It's wild. Now how did you find a tattoo artist that could, I mean, it's pretty intricate. I mean, that's not your typical tattoo.Ardem Patapoutian (19:14):Yeah, I put it up on social media that I was thinking of doing this, and many scientists are into tattoos, so I actually got so many recommendations. And one of them was a local here in San Diego, and she is very popular. I waited six months to get this, I was on a waiting list. The appointment was six months off when we made it. So she's very popular and she's very good.Eric Topol (19:45):Was it painful to get that done?Ardem Patapoutian (19:47):Well, that's actually really cool, right? Because PIEZO2 is involved in pain sensation, and I felt it while it was being tattooed on my arm. The whole day, I was there like six and a half hours.New Prospect for Pain MedicationEric Topol (20:00):Oh my gosh. Wow. Now that gets me to pain because, I'd like you to talk a bit about the people that don't have mutations or loss of function PIEZO receptors and also what your thoughts are in the future as to maybe we could develop a lot better pain medications.Ardem Patapoutian (20:22):Yeah, we're working on it. So you're right. One of the great parts of the science story, and this is mainly the work of Alex Chesler and Carsten Bönnemann at the NIH, where they identified people who came to the clinic for undiagnosed conditions, and they were uncoordinated and had difficulty walking. And when they did whole-exome sequencing, they found that they had mutations in PIEZO2, there were loss of function, as you say. So complete loss on both chromosomes. And when they started testing them, they realized that just like we had described them in animal models, humans without PIEZO2 as well, didn't sense touch, don't have proprioception. This sense of where your limbs are, that's so important for balance and most other daily functions that we take it for granted. So they were completely lacking all of those sensations. They also do not feel their bladder filling.Ardem Patapoutian (21:26):And so, they have learned to go on a schedule to make sure they don't have accidents. And many of these projects that we've done in the lab collaboration with Alex Chesler, et cetera, have come from the observations of what else these individuals experience. And so, it's been a great kind of collaboration communication between mechanistic animal model studies and the clinic. And so, one of the things that these individuals don't sense in addition to touch, is something called tactile allodynia, which is simply when touch becomes painful. You and I experienced this after small injury or sunburn where just touching your shoulder becomes painful, but for peripheral neuropathy and other neuropathic pain conditions, this is one of the major complaints that individuals have. And we know from the NIH studies that these individuals don't have this tactile allodynia. So touch becomes painful and doesn't apply to them, which tells us that if we block PIEZO2, we can actually get interesting relief from various aspects relative to neuropathic pain on other pain related neuropathies. But given everything we talked about, Eric, about how this is important for touch and proprioception, you don't want to make a pill that blocks PIEZO2 and you take it because this will have some serious on target side effects. But we are developing new compounds that block PIEZO2 and hope that it might be useful, at least as a topical medication pain and other indications. And we're actively working on this, as I said.Eric Topol (23:15):Yeah, I mean the topical one sounds like a winner because of peripheral neuropathy, but also I wonder if you could somehow target it to sick cells rather than if giving it in a systemic targeted way. I mean it has tremendous potential because we are on a serious hunt for much better relief of pain than exists today.Ardem Patapoutian (23:41):Absolutely.Eric Topol (23:42):Yeah. So that's exciting. I mean, that's another potential outgrowth of all this. Just going back, I mean the one that prompted me in November to write that about the human physiology in PIEZO, it was about intestinal stem cell fate decision and maintenance. I mean, it's just everywhere. But the work you've done certainly now has spurred on so many other groups to go after these different and many unanticipated functions. Were there any ones, of course, you've been pretty systematically addressing these that actually surprised you? You said, oh, are you kidding me when you read this? I never would've guessed this, or pretty much they followed suit as things were moving along.Ardem Patapoutian (24:33):So one of them is this role in macrophages that I found fascinating that we found a few years ago. So again, this came from human studies where PIEZO1 gain-of-function mutations. So in relation to loss of function, their gain-of-function where there's more activity given a certain amount of pressure. They have dehydrated red blood cells, which I'm not going to talk about right now. But they also have shown that in these patients, individuals, it's not really that pathological. They also have age-onset iron overload. What does that have to do with pressure sensing? And we brought that information into animal models, and we found that macrophages, their rate of phagocytosis depends on PIEZO, so that if you have too little PIEZO, they don't phagocytosis as much. If you have too much PIEZO, the phagocytosis too much. And this increased rate of phagocytosis in the long term because it's constantly eating red blood cells and the iron is circulating more causes long-term effects in iron overload. And again, as you kind of set that up, who would've thought that mechanical sensation is important for this basic hematology type?Eric Topol (25:52):Yeah, I mean, because we've been talking about the macro things, and here it is at the cellular level. I mean, it's just wild.Ardem Patapoutian (25:59):If you go back and look at a video of a macrophage eating up red blood cells, then you go, oh, I see how this has to do with pressure sensing because it is like extending little arms, feeling things letting go, going somewhere else. So again, I want to bring it back by this simple cell biological function of a cell type, like macrophage, exploring its environment is not just chemical, but very mechanical as well. And so, in retrospect, it is maybe not that surprising, that pressure sensing is important for its physiology.Career Changing?Eric Topol (26:33):Yeah, that's extraordinary. Well, that gets me to how your life has changed since 2021, because obviously this a big effect, big impact sort of thing. And I know that you're the first Armenian, first person from Lebanon to get this recognition. You recognized by the Lebanese Order of Merit. There's even a stamp of you, your picture characterized in 2022.Eric Topol (27:04):So if you were to sum up how it's changed because I see no change in you. You're the same person that has a great sense of humor. Often the tries to humor relaxed, calming. You haven't changed any to me, but how has it affected you?Ardem Patapoutian (27:26):Thank you, Eric. That's very kind of you. I try very hard for it not to change me. I do get a little bit more attention, a ton more invites, which unfortunately I have to say no to a lot of them because, and I'm sure you're very familiar with that concept and a lot of things are offered to you that I feel like it's so tempting to say yes because they're wonderful opportunities and an honor to be asked. But the end of the day, I'm trying to be very disciplined and not taking things on that I can do as an opportunity. But things that I really want to do. I think that's so hard to do sometimes is to separate those two. Why am I doing this? Is this really important for the goals that I have? So in one way, the answer for that is that I just want to stay in the lab and do my research with my students and postdoc, which is what I enjoy the most. But on the other hand, as you said, being the first Armenian who's received this, literally after the Nobel, I got this whole elementary school, all Armenian kids write to me multiple letters.Ardem Patapoutian (28:39):And they said, you look like me. I didn't think I could do this, but maybe I can. So in a sense, to ignore that and say, no, I just want to do my science, I don't want to be involved in any of that is also wrong. So I'm trying to balance being engaged in science outreach and helping to make science understood by the general public, realize that we're just regular people and at the same time how awesome science is. I love science and I like to project that, but leave plenty of time for me to just be a scientist and be in my lab and interact with my colleagues at Scripps, including you.Immigrant ScientistsEric Topol (29:21):Well, we're so lucky to have that chance. And I do want to mention, because you're prototyping in this regard about great immigrant scientists and other domains of course, but every year the Carnegie Foundation names these great immigrants and one year you were of course recognized. And in recent years, there have been more difficulties in people wanting to come to the US to get into science, and they wind up going to other places. It seems like that's a big loss for us. I mean, what if we weren't able to have had you come and so many hundreds, thousands of others that have contributed to this life science community? Maybe you could comment about that.Ardem Patapoutian (30:10):Yeah, I think it is tragic, as you say. I think in some circles, immigrants have this negative image or idea of what they bring, but at every level, immigrants have contributed so much to this country. It's a country of immigrants, of course, to start with. And I think it is important to put up a positive image of immigration and science is the ultimate example of that, right? I mean, I think when you go into any laboratory, you probably find if there's a lab of 16 people, you probably find people from 10 different countries. And we all work together. And the idea of also immigrant and especially about science is that I'm a big believer of changing field, changing things because just like that, immigrants have changed their whole life. So they come to a new culture, they bring with them their own way of thinking and their way of seeing things. And then you come into a new environment, and you see it a little bit differently. So that kind of change, whether it's because of physical immigration or immigrating from one field to another in science is really beneficial for science and society. And I think positive examples of this are an important part of highlighting this.Eric Topol (31:40):I couldn't agree with you more really.Bluesky vs Twitter/XEric Topol (31:41):Now, speaking of migration, there's been recently a big migration out of X, formerly Twitter to Bluesky, which I like the metaphor you liken to the Serengeti. Can you tell us about, now I know you're posting on Bluesky and of course so many others that you and I are mutual contacts, and our different networks are. What do you think about this migration outside of what was the platform where a lot of this, we shared things on X or before Musk took over known as Twitter? Thoughts about Bluesky?Ardem Patapoutian (32:27):Yeah, I think I use social media for a few reasons. The number one reason should be is to see new science by colleagues. My main point is that, but also, again, having fun in science is a big part of my draw to this. And as you can see from my posts, it's a bit lighthearted, and that's really me.Eric Topol (32:52):Right. Yeah.Ardem Patapoutian (32:52):I think on Twitter, things start getting a little bit dark and too many negative comments, and it was just not productive. And I just felt like after the elections, I felt like it was time to migrate. And I find Bluesky a great scientific community, and it's remarkable how quickly people have migrated from Twitter to Bluesky. But the counter argument for this is that you should stay in a place where majority of people are, because being in a bubble surrounding yourself by people like you doesn't help society. And so, I get that perspective as well. It just depends on what you're using the platform for and it's a difficult issue. But yeah, I've taken a break probably long-term break from Twitter. I'm on Bluesky now.Eric Topol (33:48):Yeah, no, the point you're bringing up about the echo chamber and is there going to be one for people that are leaning one way and they're thinking, and another with a whole different, often politically charged and even extreme views? It's really unfortunate if it does wind up that way. But right now, it seems like that migration is ongoing and it's substantial. And I guess we'll see how it settles out. I share your concern, and so far, I've been trying to keep a foot in both areas because I think if we all were to leave, then we're just kind of caving into a, it's tricky though. It really is because the noxious toxic type of comments, even when you try to avoid comments, you say, only followers can make a comment, they'll of course, quote your thing and then try to ding you and whatever. It's just crazy stuff, really.Ardem Patapoutian (34:53):I mean, what I think is that, that's why I said depends on why. I mean, your presence on social media is such an important part of science education. And I could almost say you can't afford to do what I do, which is I'm just putting my goofy posts and having fun. So we have different purposes in a way, and yeah, that affects what you use and how you use it.Eric Topol (35:17):Yeah, no, it's tricky it really is. We covered a lot of ground. Is there anything I missed that you want to get out there? Any part of this, your story and the PIEZO story, science and everything else that I didn't bring up?The Essentiality of Basic ScienceArdem Patapoutian (35:42):I just think that the basic science community is really suffering from decreasing amounts of funding and appreciation of doing basic science. And one of my goals, in addition to this immigrant scientist thing, is to remind people that all medicines start with basic science work. And funding this has mainly been through NIH and it's getting harder and harder for basic scientists to secure funding and I'm really worried about this. And we need to find ways to be okay for people to do basic science. And I'll give you one example. Whenever we make a publication and there's a journalist talking to us or some kind of press coverage, they ask, how is this directly affecting patients? And my work actually is very much related to patients, and I answer that question, but I also say, but it's also important to do science for the science sake because you don't know where the applications are going to come from. And we need to, as a society, encourage and fund and support basic science as the seeds of all these translational work. And I think doing that just kind of highlights that this is important too. We should support it, not just things that right now seem very related to translational that directly helps patients.Eric Topol (37:16):Well, I'm so glad you emphasized that because I mean, the PIEZO story is the exemplar. Look what's come of it, what might still come of it. In many respects here you are maybe 15 years into the story and there's still many parts of this that are untold, but if it wasn't for the basic science, we wouldn't have these remarkable and diverse insights. And recently you cited, and I think so many people read about the ‘crown jewel' NIH, front page New York Times, and how it's under threat because the new NIH director doesn't have a regard for basic science. He's actually, he's confirmed, which is likely, he's an economist, physician economist, never practiced medicine, but he doesn't really have a lot of regard for basic science. But as you point out, almost every drug that we have today came out of NIH basic work. And I mean, not just that, but all the disease insights and treatments and so much.Eric Topol (38:25):So this is really unfortunate if we have not just an NIH and other supporting foundations that don't see the priority, the fundamental aspect of basic science to then lead to, as we call translational, and then ultimately the way to promote human health, which is I think what we're all very much focused on ultimately. But you can't do it without getting to first base, and that's what you have done. You served it up and it's a great example. Well, Ardem, it's always a pleasure. This is a first time talking through a podcast. I hope we'll have many, many visits informally that will complement the ones we've already had, and we will follow the PIEZO work. Obviously, you have had just an exceptional impact, but you're still young and who knows what's next, right? I mean, look what happened to Barry Sharpless. He won here. He won two Nobel prizes, so you never know where things are headed.Ardem Patapoutian (39:36):Thank you, Eric, and I really appreciate what you do for the biomedical community. I think it's wonderful through your social media and this podcast, we all appreciate it.***********************************************************************************Please take a moment to complete the poll above.Thank you for reading, listening and subscribing to Ground Truths.If you found this informative please share it!All content on Ground Truths—its newsletters, analyses, and podcasts, are free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary and of course appreciated. All proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. I welcome all comments from paid subscribers and will do my best to respond to each of them and any questions.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and to Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.And Happy New Year! Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi of Stanford University, Dr. Morten Meldal of the University of Copenhagen, and Dr. K. Barry Sharpless of the Scripps Research Institute “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.” In “click chemistry,” molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently to let chemists build more complicated molecules. But bioorthogonal chemistry takes that work one step further, allowing the technique to be used within living organisms without damaging cells.“When someone is thinking outside the box, or in a very different way, we like to think of that as orthogonal thinking,” Bertozzi explained. “So biorthogonal means not interacting with biology. Totally separate from biology.” Her research began with an interest in developing ways to see specific sugar molecules on the surface of cells. But it has developed into an approach that can be used for advanced drug delivery in fields such as chemotherapy.As part of Science Friday's 33rd anniversary show, we're revisiting our listeners' favorite stories, including this one. In 2022, Bertozzi joined Ira Flatow for a wide-ranging conversation about her research, chemistry education, her early music career, and the importance of diversity in the field of chemistry.Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

Between 7th and 14th of octobre 2024, Nobel Prize award ceremony take place in Stockholm. Like every year, it's held on 10th December, to coincide with the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. Tradition also dictates that the Prize laureates are announced in October. This year's laureates include Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger in Physics, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morton Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless in Chemistry, Svante Paabo in Physiology or Medicine, and Annie Ernaux in Literature. Meanwhile, the Nobel Peace Prize laureates are all being recognised for their role in documenting war crimes and human rights abuses since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February. Who was Alfred Nobel then? On what criteria are the Nobel Prizes awarded? Who chooses the laureates? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the latest episodes, click here: Why does Nobel disease cause some winners to promote unscientific ideas? Why did the man who invented the lobotomy win a Nobel Prize? Why are Nobel Prizes so important? A Bababam Originals podcast, written and produced by Joseph Chance. First broadcast: 10/12/2022. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Click Chemistry came about as several researchers came to similar conclusions in parallel, but from different angles: Barry Sharpless, Morten Meldahl, and Carolyn Bertozzi. We hear about their research goals in the 1990s and early 2000s: to snap together smaller molecules in a reliable way, perhaps with pharmaceutical or biological experiments and results in mind. We learn of Sharpless's goals for Click Chemistry, which sometimes overlap with Green Chemistry.Support the Show. Support my podcast at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistry Tell me how your life relates to chemistry! E-mail me at steve@historyofchem.com Get my book, O Mg! How Chemistry Came to Be, from World Scientific Publishing, https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12670#t=aboutBook

“If you're interested in something, you'd be amazed what interest can do.” – So says Barry Sharpless, the only living individual that has been awarded two Nobel Prizes. In this rare and uniquely wide-ranging conversation, Sharpless opens up about curiosity, creativity and how he comes up with all these new ideas. The host of this podcast is Adam Smith, Chief Scientific Officer at Nobel Prize Outreach.Nobel Prize Conversations is produced in cooperation with Fundación Ramón Areces. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Teague Egan is the CEO and Founder of EnergyX. EnergyX is on a mission to become a worldwide leader in the global transition to sustainable energy with breakthrough direct lithium extraction and refinery technologies, as well as more effective battery and energy storage solutions. Imagine you're listening to "The End" - the famous hit of The Doors. You vaguely remember there's something pressing on your to-do list, but hey, who can resist the captivating voice of Jim Morrisson, right? 11'44 passes by, and you return to that to-do list. What's on top? Oh yeah, submit that folder for Bolivia's Direct Lithium Extraction tender. But... 11'44 was 1'44 too long, and time is over; you're out. Kind of bitter, right? I obviously romanticized the anecdote, and I don't know if Teague is a fan of The Doors, yet one part of that story is true: EnergyX got kicked off of Bolivia's DLE tender for submitting 10 minutes late.  I wouldn't allow myself to joke about it if Teague wasn't seeing the positives in it: EnergyX leverages 60 patents across the lithium value chain, and they've leveraged Bolivia and Uyuni as a great proof of concept! Their technology suit stands the field test, and they're able to produce lithium in a country that maybe boasts the World's largest lithium reserves, but also a quite demanding 25 to 1 magnesium to lithium ratio that defeated many challengers in that race to get Bolivia's white oil off the ground. In today's conversation, you'll get to explore how a Direct Lithium Extraction pure player builds its path to a future EV supply chain vertical, how there may be bumps on the road, but also how exciting it is to move an Idea from the lab to a pilot then a demonstration stage and down the line, a first commercial reference.  You'll hear of the lithium godfather and Nobel Prize recipient, John Goodenough, which is the second Nobel Prize winner we get to hear in this lithium series after Barry Sharpless that collaborated with Standard Lithium; you'll understand how an investment fund committed 450 million dollars on EnergyX and how Teague won his crown as Shale Magazine named him the Lithium King.  ➡️ Check out the entire article on how the Lithium King got 60 patents  for its battery vertical pure player, including a teaser, a slider, and a full transcript on the (don't) Waste Water website!

This Saturday sees the 2022 Nobel Prize award ceremony take place in Stockholm. Like every year, it's held on 10th December, to coincide with the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. Tradition also dictates that the Prize laureates are announced in October. This year's laureates include Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger in Physics, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morton Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless in Chemistry, Svante Paabo in Physiology or Medicine, and Annie Ernaux in Literature. Meanwhile, the Nobel Peace Prize laureates are all being recognised for their role in documenting war crimes and human rights abuses since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February. Who was Alfred Nobel then? On what criteria are the Nobel Prizes awarded? Who chooses the laureates? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the latest episodes, click here: Why was Kanye West's Twitter account suspended? How can you save money on your food bill? Why is 'permacrisis' the new dictionary word of the year? A Bababam Originals podcast, written and produced by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this bonus episode of C&EN's Bonding Time, we hear from 2022 chemistry Nobel laureates Carolyn Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, who shared the prize along with Morten Meldal for their work on click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. After a November symposium honoring the US-based Nobel awardees at the Embassy of Sweden in Washington, DC, the two chemists discussed their long history of collaboration, how winning the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has changed their lives, and how they hope to use the spotlight to break down barriers within science. A transcript of this episode will be available shortly at cen.acs.org. To learn even more about this year's Nobel-winning science, listen to our October bonus episode about the prize at bit.ly/3iJ1iSc. Credits Executive producer/host: Kerri Jansen Writer: Gina Vitale Audio editor: Mark Feuer DiTusa Story editor: Michael Torrice Copyeditor: Sabrina Ashwell Logo design: William A. Ludwig Episode artwork: Laura Morton (Bertozzi); Sandy Huffaker (Sharpless)/C&EN Music: “Street Dreams” by Julian Hartwell Contact Stereo Chemistry: Tweet at us @cenmag or email cenfeedback@acs.org.

Hawai'i's Mauna Loa Volcanic Eruption Sparing Homes For Now Hawai'i's famed Mauna Loa volcano began to erupt this past weekend, after weeks of increasing small earthquakes. So far the flow of lava is posing no risk to homes in nearby Hilo, though that could change rapidly. But in the meantime, an important climate research lab is without power and unable to make measurements. And as lava flows and cools into new rock formations, one unusual product, called Pele's Hair, looks uniquely soft and straw-like—while being dangerously sharp. Ira talks to FiveThirtyEight's Maggie Koerth about the less high profile side effects of a major volcanic eruption. Plus, a new analysis of the magma under Yellowstone National Park, the leadership potential for wolves infected with a cat parasite, and other research stories.   A Nobel Prize For Chemistry Work ‘Totally Separate From Biology' This year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Carolyn Bertozzi of Stanford University, Morten Meldal of the University of Copenhagen, and K. Barry Sharpless of the Scripps Research Institute “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.” In “click chemistry,” molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently to let chemists build more complicated molecules. But bioorthogonal chemistry takes that work one step farther, allowing the technique to be used within living organisms without damaging cells. “When someone is thinking outside the box, or in a very different way, we like to think of that as orthogonal thinking,” Dr. Bertozzi explained. “So biorthogonal means not interacting with biology. Totally separate from biology.” Her research began with an interest in developing ways to see specific sugar molecules on the surface of cells. But it has developed into an approach that can be used for advanced drug delivery in fields such as chemotherapy. Bertozzi joins Ira Flatow for a wide-ranging conversation about her research, chemistry education, her early music career, and the importance of diversity in the field of chemistry.   Scientists Discover What Makes Jazz Music Swing Swing is a propulsive, groovy feeling that makes you want to move with the music. It's hard to put into words, but if you listen to jazz, you've probably felt it yourself. Now, researchers have arrived at a better understanding of what generates that feeling: Their work, published in Communications Physics, focuses on timing differences between a group's soloist and its rhythm section. Joining Ira to discuss the new findings are Theo Geisel, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Göttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self Organization, and Javier Arau, a saxophonist and the founder and executive director of the New York Jazz Academy.   Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.

Kara interviews Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi, a Stanford University scientist who, along with Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry earlier this year for developing bioorthogonal chemistry and click chemistry. Bertozzi explains what bioorthogonal chemistry actually is before breaking down how identifying different sugars in the body — which she calls “the dark matter of biology'' — could lead to breakthroughs in treating diseases ranging from the flu to cancer. She also weighs in on the state of funding in biology, Twitter, being lesbian in STEM, and the never-ending feud between chemists and biologists. Before the interview, Kara and Nayeema briefly discuss former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan's protest march (which was called off after this episode was recorded) and Trump's dinner with white supremacist Nick Fuentes. You can find Kara and Nayeema on Twitter @karaswisher and @nayeema.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Det er 25 år siden Danmark sidst fik en Nobelpris. Denne gang er det Professor Morten Meldal fra Kemisk Institut på Københavns Universitet, der skal til Stockholm og modtage den største og mest prestigefulde pris der gives. Nobelprisen i kemi deles i år mellem Morten Meldal, Carolyn R. Bertozzi og K. Barry Sharpless for opdagelsen af Klik-kemi og bioorthogonal kemi. Videnskabsjournalist Jens Degett fra Science Stories stiller spørgsmål om den nye type kemiske reaktioner, der i løbet af de sidste 20 år er blevet vidt udbredt i både forskning og industri. Morten Meldal forklarer baggrunden for sin forskning, der førte til de spændende resultater, og undervejs fortæller han om sin vision om undervisning i kemi for de yngste, og om forholdende for forskning, og hvad der kan gøres for at styrke dansk forskning. Foto kredit: Jens Degett.

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K452: A quick look at the 2022 Nobel Prizes All the 2022 Nobel Prizes have now been announced. Here's a look at which prizes have been announced, and what's next for the winners. 二〇二二年諾貝爾獎所有獎項得主已經宣佈。以下是所公布的獎項，以及獲獎者的下一步。 MEDICINE The medicine or physiology prize is by tradition the first Nobel to be announced. This year's award went to Swedish scientist Svante Paabo for discoveries about human evolution achieved through analyses of the DNA of Neanderthals and other ancient relatives of modern humans. 醫學獎 按照傳統，醫學或生理學獎是第一個公布的諾貝爾獎。今年的獎項授予瑞典科學家斯萬特‧帕博，以表彰他透過分析尼安德塔人及其他現代人類遠古親屬之DNA，對人類進化所得到的發現。 PHYSICS The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded Tuesday last week to Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger. The trio shared the prize for discovering the way that particles known as photons can be linked, or ``entangled'' with each other, even when they are separated by large distances. 物理學獎 諾貝爾物理學獎於週二授予法國籍的阿蘭‧阿斯佩、約翰‧克勞澤及奧地利籍的安東‧蔡林格。三人因研究發現看不見的粒子（稱為光子）可以相互連接或互相「糾纏」──即便相距很遠──而共同獲獎。 CHEMISTRY The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was jointly awarded on Wednesday last week to Americans Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless and Danish scientist Morten Meldal for their work on click chemistry, a field of research that can be used to design better medicines. Sharpless is a repeat winner: He won the chemistry prize also in 2001. 化學獎 諾貝爾化學獎於上週三聯合授予美國籍的凱洛琳‧柏托西、卡爾‧巴里‧沙普利斯，以及丹麥科學家莫滕‧莫代爾，以表彰他們在點擊化學方面的研究，點擊化學可用來設計更好的藥物。沙普利斯並非第一次得諾貝爾獎：他在二〇〇一年已獲得諾貝爾化學獎。 LITERATURE The Swedish Academy on Thursday last week gave the Nobel Prize in Literature to French writer Annie Ernaux for “the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory.” Ernaux, 82, has written more than 20 books, most of them very short, chronicling events in her life and the lives of those around her. Her work paints uncompromising portraits of sexual encounters, abortion, illness and the deaths of her parents. 文學獎 瑞典學院上週四將諾貝爾文學獎授予法國作家安妮‧艾諾，以表彰她「以勇氣和手術般的精準，從個人記憶挖掘根源、隔閡與集體壓抑」。八十二歲的艾諾寫了超過二十本書，多數都很短，記錄她及周遭人生命中的事件。她的作品毫不妥協地描繪了性邂逅、墮胎、疾病，以及她父母的死亡。 PEACE This year's Nobel Peace Prize was shared Friday last week by jailed Belarus rights activist Ales Bialiatski, the Russian group Memorial and the Ukrainian organization Center for Civil Liberties. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said the laureates “have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.” The prize was seen as a strong rebuke to the authoritarian rule of Russian President Vladimir Putin. 和平獎 今年的諾貝爾和平獎得主於上週五公布，由被監禁的白俄羅斯維權人士阿列斯‧畢亞利亞茨基、俄國人權組織「紀念」，以及烏克蘭組織「公民自由中心」共同獲得。挪威諾貝爾委員會表示，獲獎者「在記錄戰爭罪、人權侵犯和權力濫用方面做出了重要的努力。它們共同彰顯了公民社會對和平及民主的重要性」。此獎項被視為對俄國總統弗拉迪米爾‧普亭獨裁統治的強烈譴責。 ECONMICS The final announcement came on Monday with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which is not an original Nobel Prize but was established by the Swedish central bank in 1968. Former US Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke, who put his academic expertise on the Great Depression to work reviving the American economy after the 2007-2008 financial crisis, won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with two other US-based economists, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig, for their research into the fallout from bank failures. 經濟學獎 最後宣布的獎項，是週一公佈的諾貝爾經濟學獎，最初諾貝爾獎並未有此獎項，這是瑞典中央銀行在一九六八年設立的。前美國聯準會主席班‧伯南奇在二〇〇七—二〇〇八年金融危機後，將其在大蕭條方面的學術專長用於重振美國經濟，他與另外兩位美國經濟學家──道格拉斯‧戴蒙和菲利普‧戴柏維格，對銀行倒閉之後果的研究，共同獲得諾貝爾經濟學獎。 WHAT DO THE WINNERS RECEIVE? Nobel Prize laureates are invited to receive their awards at prize ceremonies held on Dec. 10, the anniversary of award founder Alfred Nobel's death in 1896. The prize includes a diploma, a gold medal and a monetary award of 10 million Swedish kronor (about US$900,000). The Nobel Peace Prize is handed out in the Norwegian capital, Oslo, while the other awards are presented in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, in line with Nobel's wishes. 諾貝爾獎得主會獲得什麼？ 諾貝爾獎得主受邀出席十二月十日所舉行的頒獎典禮領獎，這是諾獎創辦人阿弗烈‧諾貝爾一八九六年逝世的紀念日。獲獎者會領到一張證書、一枚金牌和獎金一千萬瑞典克朗(約合九十萬美元)。諾貝爾和平獎在挪威首都奧斯陸頒發，其他獎項則是在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩頒發，這是依據貝爾的意願。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/10/11/2003786775 歡迎留言告訴我們你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/cl81kivnk00dn01wffhwxdg2s/comments Powered by Firstory Hosting

Como todos los años, en la primera semana de octubre se han anunciado los premios Nobel de este año: el lunes le tocó a Medicina, el martes a Física y el miércoles a Química. En este capítulo os hablamos brevemente de cada uno de ellos, para que sepáis qué es lo que han premiado los Comités Nobel en esta ocasión: - El premio Nobel en Fisiología o Medicina ha sido para la parte más fisiológica, pues ha recaído íntegramente en el sueco Svante Pääbo “por sus descubrimientos sobre los genomas de especies humanas extintas y sus aportaciones a la comprensión de la evolución humana”. - El premio Nobel de Física se ha dividido en tres partes iguales, y ha sido para el francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y el austríaco Anton Zeilinger, “por sus experimentos con fotones entrelazados, que establecieron la violación de las desigualdades de Bell y dieron comienzo a la era de la información cuántica” - El premio Nobel de Química también ha sido tripartito, y ha ido a parar al estadounidense Barry Sharpless (que ya lo había ganado en esta misma categoría en el año 2001), el danés Morten Meldal y la estadounidense Carolyn Bertozzi, “por el desarrollo de la química clic y la química bioortogonal” Si queréis aprender más sobre el premio de Física de este año, os lo hemos contado en más detalle en nuestro pódcast hermano, Aparici en Órbita, en el capítulo s05e03. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 5 de octubre de 2022. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de La Brújula en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es

Episodio 428 con Luca e Valeria ai microfoni, vostri commentatori per la settimana più calda di premi dell'anno.Valeria entra in sciabolata morbida parlandoci del premio Nobel per la Medicina, assegnato a Svante Pääbo per le sue scoperte riguardanti il genoma di ominidi estinti già conosciuti, come i Neanderthal, e di una nuova specie proveniente da Denisova, nella Siberia meridionale. Inoltre le sue ricerche hanno confermato l'avvenuto trasferimento di geni tra le due specie e Homo sapiens.Nel nostro intervento esterno Leonardo intervista David Clement che ci parlerà del Nobel per la Fisica, assegnato ad Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser e Anton Zeilinger per le loro scoperte sull‘entanglement quantistico e le sue applicazioni.Dopo una barza cantautoriale, Luca ci parla del Nobel per la Chimica, assegnato a Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal e Barry Sharpless per le loro scoperte sulla click-chemistry e chimica biortogonale, basate rispettivamente su reazioni semplici e immediate (a click letteralmente) e la loro applicazione a sistemi biologici.

For the scientific community, the Nobel Prize announcements are an important part of the yearly science calendar. The award is one of the most widely celebrated and gives us a moment to reflect on some of the leading scientific work taking place around the world. This year's winners include Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on quantum entanglement. Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless for their work on click chemistry. And Svante Pääbo for his work on sequencing Neanderthal DNA. To understand the science behind the award winners better, we've invited a variety of speakers to help us understand their work better. Award winner, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Professor of Chemistry at Stanford, explains the basics behind click chemistry, a practice that has helped us to study molecules and their interactions in living things without interfering with natural biological processes. Mateja Hajdinjak, Postdoctoral Training Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, celebrated alongside her former PhD. tutor, Svante Paabo in Germany this week. We talk to her about his significance in the development of DNA sequencing in ancient humans. And Professor Shohini Ghose of the Institute of Quantum Computing at Waterloo University in Canada joins us to explain the complicated world of quantum entanglement. Also this week, we meet Jessica Thompson, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Yale University, who's been considering how new parents manage the tricky job of childcare while out on fieldwork. She's behind a new survey encouraging fellow scientists to consider how to approach the challenge of parental duties differently in the future. Human sexuality comes in many forms, from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual. But seeing as homosexuality creates apparent reproductive and evolutionary disadvantages, listener Ahmed from Oslo wants to know: why are some people gay? CrowdScience presenter Caroline Steel examines what science can - and can't - tell us about the role of nature, nurture and evolution in human sexual attraction. She asks a geneticist what we know of the oft-debated 'gay gene', as well as looking into why homosexual men on average have more older brothers than heterosexual men. Caroline looks into the role of nurture with a developmental psychologist to answer a question from a CrowdScience listener from Myanmar. He wonders if the distant relationship he has with his own father has impacted his own feelings of attraction. She also learns about research into a group of people in Samoa who may shed light on the benefits of traditionally non-reproductive relationships for communities as a whole. (Photo: A monument to Nobel Prize founder Alfred Nobel. Credit: Mario Tama/Getty Images)

北京时间10月5日，2022年诺贝尔化学奖在瑞典皇家科学院揭晓，该奖项被授予来自美国、丹麦的3位科学家，表彰他们在“点击化学和生物正交化学的发展”方面做出的贡献。他们分别是美国科学家卡罗琳·贝尔托齐(Carolyn R. Bertozzi)、丹麦科学家莫滕·梅尔达尔(Morten Meldal)以及美国科学家巴里·夏普莱斯(K. Barry Sharpless)。

El científico sueco Svante Pääbo ha sido la gran sorpresa de los Nobel de este año. Un premio, el de Medicina o Fisiología, más que merecido para un investigador cuya carrera ha estado a caballo entre la genética y de una disciplina que ni siquiera podía imaginar que iba a rozar el galardón: la paleoantropología. Hemos analizado sus contribuciones a la ciencia con un colaborador suyo en España, Antonio Rosas, investigador del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Hemos informado de la concesión del Nobel de Física al francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y al austriaco Anton Zeilinger, pioneros de las tecnologías de la información cuántica; y del Nobel de Química a los estadounidenses Carolyn Bertozzi y Barry Sharpless y al danés Morten Meldal por el desarrollo de la química del clic y la química bioortogonal. José Antonio López Guerrero nos ha hablado del empleo de virus bacteriófagos contra bacterias superresistentes a los antibióticos. Con Enrique Sacristán nos hemos acercado a la figura de la oceanógrafa española Ángeles Alvariño, que este mes hubiera cumplido 106 años, con testimonio de Alberto González-Garcés (IEO/CSIC); y del hallazgo en China de un grupo excepcional de peces fósiles, entre los que aparecen los primeros vertebrados con mandíbulas y dientes, con testimonio de Humberto Ferrón (universidades de Valencia y Bristol). Jesús Martínez Frías nos ha explicado que en la Luna hay distintos tipos de agua, y uno de ellos podría formarse a partir de los iones de hidrógeno y oxígeno que escapan de la atmósfera terrestre. Escuchar audio

El científico sueco Svante Pääbo ha sido la gran sorpresa de los Nobel de este año. Un premio, el de Medicina o Fisiología, más que merecido para un investigador cuya carrera ha estado a caballo entre la genética y de una disciplina que ni siquiera podía imaginar que iba a rozar el galardón: la paleoantropología. Hemos analizado sus contribuciones a la ciencia con un colaborador suyo en España, Antonio Rosas, investigador del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Hemos informado de la concesión del Nobel de Física al francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y al austriaco Anton Zeilinger, pioneros de las tecnologías de la información cuántica; y del Nobel de Química a los estadounidenses Carolyn Bertozzi y Barry Sharpless y al danés Morten Meldal por el desarrollo de la química del clic y la química bioortogonal. José Antonio López Guerrero nos ha hablado del empleo de virus bacteriófagos contra bacterias superresistentes a los antibióticos. Con Enrique Sacristán nos hemos acercado a la figura de la oceanógrafa española Ángeles Alvariño, que este mes hubiera cumplido 106 años, con testimonio de Alberto González-Garcés (IEO/CSIC); y del hallazgo en China de un grupo excepcional de peces fósiles, entre los que aparecen los primeros vertebrados con mandíbulas y dientes, con testimonio de Humberto Ferrón (universidades de Valencia y Bristol). Jesús Martínez Frías nos ha explicado que en la Luna hay distintos tipos de agua, y uno de ellos podría formarse a partir de los iones de hidrógeno y oxígeno que escapan de la atmósfera terrestre. Escuchar audio

For the scientific community, the Nobel Prize announcements are an important part of the yearly science calendar. The award is one of the most widely celebrated and gives us a moment to reflect on some of the leading scientific work taking place around the world. This year's winners include Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on quantum entanglement. Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless for their work on click chemistry. And Svante Pääbo for his work on sequencing Neanderthal DNA. To understand the science behind the award winners better, we've invited a variety of speakers to help us understand their work better. Award winner, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Professor of Chemistry at Stanford, explains the basics behind click chemistry, a practice that has helped us to study molecules and their interactions in living things without interfering with natural biological processes. Mateja Hajdinjak, Postdoctoral Training Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, celebrated alongside her former PhD. tutor, Svante Paabo in Germany this week. We talk to her about his significance in the development of DNA sequencing in ancient humans. And Professor Shohini Ghose of the Institute of Quantum Computing at Waterloo University in Canada joins us to explain the complicated world of quantum entanglement. Also this week, we meet Jessica Thompson, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Yale University, who's been considering how new parents manage the tricky job of childcare while out on fieldwork. She's behind a new survey encouraging fellow scientists to consider how to approach the challenge of parental duties differently in the future. (Image: A monument to Nobel Prize founder Alfred Nobel. Credit: Mario Tama/Getty Images) Presenter: Roland Pease Producer: Harry Lewis Assistant Producer: Robbie Wojciechowski

Paula García, divulgadora de ciencia de la UNAM

*) Putin says situation to 'stabilise', Ukraine presses counterattack Russian President Vladimir Putin has said he expects the situation to "stabilise" in Ukrainian regions annexed by the Kremlin, after Moscow suffered military setbacks. He has also ordered his government to seize control over Europe's largest nuclear power plant in the Russia-controlled region of Zaporizhzhia. Kiev has claimed victories over Russian troops in the eastern region of Luhansk, while the Kremlin has vowed to recapture territory lost in a lightning Ukrainian counteroffensive. *) North Korea fires two ballistic missiles, blames US drills 'escalation' North Korea has again fired two ballistic missiles, claiming its recent blitz of tests were necessary countermeasures against joint drills by the United States and South Korea. North Korea has accused the US of "escalating military tensions on the Korean peninsula" and threatening regional stability. South Korea, Japan and the US have ramped up joint military drills in recent weeks, including large-scale naval manoeuvres and anti-submarine exercises. *) WHO probes India syrups after dozens of children die in Gambia The World Health Organisation has issued an alert over four cough and cold syrups made by Maiden Pharmaceuticals in India. The UN health agency has said the four syrups in question "have been potentially linked with acute kidney injuries and 66 deaths among children" in The Gambia. It has also cautioned that contaminated medications may have been distributed outside of the West African country, warning that global exposure was "possible". *) Three 'click chemistry' pioneers win Nobel Prize The Nobel Chemistry Prize has been awarded to a trio of chemists from the US and Denmark who laid the foundation for a more functional form of chemistry. Americans Carolyn Bertozzi and Barry Sharpless, together with Denmark's Morten Meldal, have been honoured "for the development of click chemistry...," the jury has said. Click chemistry "is an elegant and efficient chemical reaction that is now in widespread use," the jury said. Among many other uses, it is utilised in the development of pharmaceuticals. *) Grandmaster Hans Niemann defends reputation after cheating claims American international grandmaster Hans Niemann has said he "won't back down," after chess platform chess.com reported he has "probably cheated more than 100 times" in online games. After a victory in the US Chess Championship on Wednesday, Niemann said the game he had just won "spoke for itself and showed the chess player that I am". Norwegian world champion Magnus Carlsen last week accused 19-year-old Niemann of cheating in a major controversy.

Good afternoon, I'm _____ with today's episode of EZ News. **Tai-Ex opening ** The Tai-Ex opened up 64-points this morning from yesterday's close, at 13,865 on turnover of 2.1-billion N-T. The market extended gains from a session earlier on Wednesday, rising more than 200 points, as investors took cues from another surge on Wall Street overnight. Buying focused on top stocks in terms of market capitalization, in particular those in the bellwether electronics sector, which pushed up share prices across the board, as sentiment improved amid eased fears over aggressive U-S Federal Reserve rate hikes. **Over 50,000 New Coronavirus Cases Reported for the First Time Since June ** The Central Epidemic Command Center is reporting 54,874 new domestic coronavirus infections. That's the first time the daily number has exceeded (超過) 50,000 since late June. The daily tally has now risen week-on-week for 10 consecutive days. Epidemic command center head Victor Wang says the increase shows that the current wave of infections is peaking and could rise further. However, Wang is insisting the rise in new cases will not affect the government's plans to lift mandatory quarantine for arriving travelers from next Thursday. **Three Allies Call for Taiwan's Inclusion in ICAO ** The representatives of three of Taiwan's allies are calling for the island's participation in the International Civil Aviation Organization. Representatives from Belize, Eswatini and Tuvalu spoke up in support of Taiwan during a plenary (全體出席的) session of agency's triennial assembly, which is on-going in Montreal. Belize's representative called for Taiwan to "be given the opportunity to have meaningful participation" - arguing that "no country should be left behind." Eswatini's representative told delegates that his country believes that "all international civil aviation stakeholders that administer any political airspace should be part of such an organization." While Tuvalu's representative said his country fully supports "the full inclusion of all nations in assemblies as we need to advocate a joint community for the betterment of our world." **US Russia China Faceoff Over NKorea ** North Korea has launched another ballistic missile just days after sending one over Japan for the first time in five years. It came as members of the United Nations Security Council clashed over North Korea's recent military activity. The UN Secretary-General has called this week's missile launch reckless (魯莽) and a violation of UN resolutions. William Denselow has more from UN headquarters in New York. **Nobel Prize Chemistry Announced ** This year's Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to Americans Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, and Danish scientist Morten Meldal for developing a way of ``snapping molecules together`` that can be used to design better medicines. They were cited for their work on click chemistry, which has been used to make cancer drugs, map DNA and create materials that are tailored (量身定制) to a specific purpose. A week of Nobel Prize announcements kicked off Monday, and will continue today with literature. The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on Monday. That was the I.C.R.T. news, Check in again tomorrow for our simplified version of the news, uploaded every day in the afternoon. Enjoy the rest of your day, I'm _____.

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless for their development of click and bioorthogonal chemistry which are used by chemists around the world to track biological processes and produce pharmaceuticals. In this special episode of Stereo Chemistry, hosts Gina Vitale and Ariana Remmel delve into the science behind the prize and talk with organic chemist Antoni Riera to discuss the applications of the award-winning chemistry. C&EN contributor Mark Peplow also joins the Stereo Chemistry crew to talk about his conversation with Nobel Laureate Carolyn Bertozzi. Read more about this award-winning science in Mark Peplow's article about the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: https://cen.acs.org/people/nobel-prize/Click-and-biorthogonal-chemistry-win-2022-Nobel-Prize-in-Chemistry/100/web/2022/10  Credits Executive producer/host: Kerri Jansen Writer: Ariana Remmel, Gina Vitale Audio editor: Mark Feuer DiTusa Story editors: Jessica Marshall Production assistance: Mark Peplow, Krystal Vasquez Audience editor: Dorea I. Reeser Copyeditor: Heather Holt Logo design: William A. Ludwig Episode artwork: Laura Morton (Bertozzi), University of Copenhagen (Meldal), Sandy Huffaker (Sharpless) Press conference recordings: Courtesy of ©The Nobel Foundation Music: “Rising Tide” by C.K. Martin.   Contact Stereo Chemistry: Tweet at us @cenmag or email cenfeedback@acs.org.

Mit ihrem Schlingerkurs bei den wirtschaftsliberalen Reformvorhaben hat die britische Premierministerin Liz Truss auch ihre eigene Partei verärgert. Bettina Schulz hat den Parteitag der konservativen Torys verfolgt. Die Journalistin berichtet für ZEIT ONLINE aus Großbritannien und erklärt, wie umstritten Truss in ihrer Fraktion und Partei ist. Außerdem in der Nachmittagsausgabe des Was Jetzt?-Podcasts: Die EU-Mitgliedsländer haben sich auf ein achtes Sanktionspaket gegen Russland geeinigt. Der Sachverständigenrat für Integration und Migration (SVR) hat untersucht, wie verbreitet antimuslimische und antisemitische Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund sind. Der Chemienobelpreis geht an Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal und Barry Sharpless. Linda Fischer arbeitet im Wissensressort von ZEIT ONLINE und erklärt, wofür die Wissenschaftler aus den USA und Dänemark ausgezeichnet werden. Was noch? Weil Dünger knapp ist, greift Peru jetzt wieder auf Vogelkacke zurück. (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/peru-guano-deposits-worldwide-fertiliser-shortage) Moderation und Produktion: Roland Jodin Redaktion: Moses Fendel Mitarbeit: Marc Fehrmann Fragen, Kritik, Anregungen? Sie erreichen uns unter wasjetzt@zeit.de Weitere Links zur Folge: Finanzkrise in London: Knapp am Knall vorbei (https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2022-09/finanzkrise-grossbritannien-liz-truss-premierministerin-london) Kwasi Kwarteng: Radikal in den Crash (https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-09/grossbritannien-kwasi-kwarteng-liz-truss-bank-of-england) Krieg gegen die Ukraine: EU-Staaten einigen sich auf neues Sanktionspaket gegen Russland (https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/eu-sanktionspaket-russland-krieg-ukraine-annektion) SVR-Studie (https://www.svr-migration.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SVR-Studie-2022-2__Antimuslimische-und-antisemitische-Einstellungen.pdf) Antisemitismus: Judenfeindlichkeit in Deutschland (https://www.zeit.de/thema/antisemitismus) Thema: Islamfeindlichkeit (https://www.zeit.de/thema/islamfeindlichkeit) Nobelpreis für Chemie: Chemienobelpreis für drei Molekülforscher (https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2022-10/chemienobelpreis-fuer-click-chemie-einer-synthesemethode-fuer-molekuele)

“You should be drawn to uncertainty” — Barry Sharpless quotes Einstein when asked about his daring approach to choosing problems: “If at first the idea is not absurd, then there's no hope for it”. Ever inventive, he starts this conversation with Adam Smith not by talking about the work that led to his first Nobel Prize, or even to his second, but his very latest research findings from the lab. Recorded on the morning he was woken very early by the news from Stockholm, he goes on to discuss the dangerous thrill of ideas and how difficult problems just insist on being tackled: “If the damn thing comes back to me and says, ‘You don't know the answer to this,' then I say I've got to give that respect, and try it again.” From October 3-10, don't miss our mini-season that will showcase the absolute freshest interviews with the new 2022 Nobel Prize laureates. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Hoferichter, Andreawww.deutschlandfunk.de, Forschung aktuellDirekter Link zur Audiodatei

Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless received the award for work that led to improved cancer treatments.

Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless received the award for work that led to improved cancer treatments.

Der Chemie-Nobelpreis 2022 geht an Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal und Barry Sharpless. Sie entwickelten eine Methode, mit der funktionelle Moleküle wie Medikamente aus einfacheren Bausteinen zusammengebaut werden können - quasi mit einem Klick.Direkter Link zur Audiodatei

ယူကရိန္းေဒသ ေလးခု ႐ုရွားပိုင္နက္ထဲ ထည့္သြင္းလိုက္တဲ့ ဥပေဒကို ႐ုရွားသမၼတပူတင္က လက္မွတ္ထိုး အတည္ျပဳလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဓာတုေဗဒဆိုင္ရာ ႏိုဘယ္ဆုကို အေမရိကန္ နဲ႔ ဒိန္းမတ္ ႏိုင္ငံတို႔ က ဓာတုေဗဒ ပညာရွင္ ၃ ေယာက္ျဖစ္ၾကတဲ့ Carolyn R. Bertozzi, K. Barry Sharpless နဲ႔ Morten Meldal တို႔ ကို ရရွိသြားပါတယ္။ ဒီသတင္းေတြနဲ႔အတူ သတင္းေဆာင္းပါးေတြနဲ႔ အပတ္စဥ္အားကစားအစီအစဥ္ေတြ ထုတ္လႊင့္ေပးပါမယ္။

Nobelpriset i kemi 2022 går till Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal och Barry Sharpless. De har lagt grunden för en form av kemi som kallas klickkemi, som klickar ihop molekyler. Pristagarna är från USA och Danmark och belönas för forskning som handlar om att bygga komplicerade molekyler, där molekylära byggstenar snabbt och effektivt snäpper i varandra.I programmet medverkar Ulrika Björkstén, Sveriges Radios vetenskapskommentator, och Christina Moberg, professor emeritus i organisk kemi vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan.Programledare Lena Nordlund lena.nordlund@sr.se Producent Björn Gunér bjorn.guner@sr.se

Der Nobelpreis für Chemie geht in diesem Jahr an drei Molekular-Forscher. Ausgezeichnet werden Carolyn Bertozzi und Barry Sharpless aus den USA sowie Morten Meldal aus Dänemark. Das hat die Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften heute Mittag bekanntgegeben. Geehrt werden die zwei Männer und eine Frau für ihre Entwicklung von Methoden zum zielgerichteten Aufbau von Molekülen. Aus Stockholm berichtet Holger Senzel.

President Joe Biden is traveling to hurricane-ravaged Florida with a pledge that federal, state and local governments will work as one to help rebuild homes, businesses and lives. Biden plans to put politics on mute for now to focus on those in need during his tour Wednesday afternoon of Fort Myers, Florida. Biden plans to meet with residents and small business owners, and to thank government officials providing emergency aid and removing debris. Joining Biden in Florida will be two of his most prominent Republican critics, Gov. Ron DeSantis and Sen. Rick Scott. This year's Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded in equal parts to Americans Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, and Danish scientist Morten Meldal for developing a way of “snapping molecules together." that can be used to design better medicines. Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed laws absorbing four Ukrainian regions into Russia, a move that finalizes the annexation carried out in defiance of international law. Earlier this week, both houses of the Russian parliament ratified treaties making the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions part of Russia. Iran says an 85-year-old Iranian-American held by Iran has left the country for Oman. The state-run IRNA news agency published video of Baquer Namazi boarding a Royal Oman air force jet in Tehran. "Best before” labels are coming under scrutiny as concerns about food waste grow around the world. The labels have nothing to do with safety, and some worry they encourage consumers to throw away food that's perfectly fine to eat. Lawyers for former President Donald Trump have asked the U.S. Supreme Court to step into the legal fight over the classified documents seized during an FBI search of his Florida estate. The Trump team asked the court Tuesday to overturn a lower court ruling and permit an independent arbiter, or special master, to review the roughly 100 documents with classified markings that were taken in the Aug. 8 search. In sports, the Yankees and the Rangers traded wins in a doubleheader but Aaron Judge and Gerrit Cole were setting records. Seventy-nine deaths have been blamed on Ian, including 71 in Florida, five in North Carolina and three in Cuba. Authorities say the death toll could rise as crews continue searching homes in the hardest-hit areas. The U.S. announced its providing an additional $625 million in military aid to Ukraine, a package that includes additional advanced rocket systems credited with helping the country's military gain momentum in its war with Russia. Russian troops abandoned a key Ukrainian city so rapidly that they left the bodies of their comrades in the streets. The scene offered more evidence Tuesday of Moscow's latest military defeat as it struggles to hang on to four regions of Ukraine that it illegally annexed last week.  Some of the Supreme Court's conservative justices seem sympathetic to Alabama's arguments in a case seeking to force the state to create a second Black majority congressional district. It's the latest showdown over the landmark Voting Rights Act. President Joe Biden spoke with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida to discuss their next steps after North Korea conducted its longest ever test launch by firing nuclear-capable ballistic missile over Japan. As California's drought deepens, more rural communities are running out of water. Heavy pumping is depleting groundwater supplies that aren't being replenished by rain and snowmelt. Thrifters who flock to Goodwill stores will now be able to do more of their treasure hunting online. The Goodwill Industries International Inc., the 120 year-old non-profit organization that operates 3,300 stores in the U.S., and Canada, has launched an online business as part of a newly incorporated venture called GoodwillFinds. Elon Musk is offering to go through with his original proposal to buy Twitter for $44 billion. The Tesla CEO said in a regulatory filing Tuesday that he notified Twitter of plans to go through with the deal. The number of available jobs in the U.S. plummeted in August compared with July, a sign that businesses may pull back further on hiring and potentially cool chronically high inflation. Loretta Lynn, the Kentucky coal miner's daughter who became a pillar of country music, has died. Lynn's family said she died Tuesday at her home in Tennessee. She was 90. A new report says Georgia Republican Senate nominee Herschel Walker paid for an abortion for his girlfriend in 2009. Walker has vehemently opposed abortion rights and calls the accusation in The Daily Beast a “flat-out lie." U.S. officials say Russia is working to amplify doubts about the integrity of American elections while China is interested in influencing policy perspectives in favor of Beijing. That concern aligns with unclassified intelligence advisory obtained by The Associated Press that says China is probably seeking to influence select races to “hinder candidates perceived to be particularly adversarial to Beijing.” —The Associated PressSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.