American chemist (born 1966)
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2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
3 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
2 episodes with carolyn bertozzi
Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi's impact in the field of glycosylation has been profound, enabling on our current understanding of disease and inflammation presentation and potential vehicles for treatment. Dr. Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2024 for the development of biorthogonal chemistry, and she explains how this understanding can impact disease treatment.
In this episode, Matt Wilsey joins Jorge Conde to share the profound personal story of his daughter Grace's diagnosis with NGLY1 deficiency and how it catalyzed his journey to founding a biotech startup, Grace Science, aimed at developing a cure for his daughter's condition.Matt emphasizes the importance of strategic partnerships, like his collaboration with Nobel laureate Carolyn Bertozzi, and sheds light on the search for gene therapies for rare diseases. Check out our previous episode with Carolyn Bertozzi here.
In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi of Stanford University, Dr. Morten Meldal of the University of Copenhagen, and Dr. K. Barry Sharpless of the Scripps Research Institute “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.” In “click chemistry,” molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently to let chemists build more complicated molecules. But bioorthogonal chemistry takes that work one step further, allowing the technique to be used within living organisms without damaging cells.“When someone is thinking outside the box, or in a very different way, we like to think of that as orthogonal thinking,” Bertozzi explained. “So biorthogonal means not interacting with biology. Totally separate from biology.” Her research began with an interest in developing ways to see specific sugar molecules on the surface of cells. But it has developed into an approach that can be used for advanced drug delivery in fields such as chemotherapy.As part of Science Friday's 33rd anniversary show, we're revisiting our listeners' favorite stories, including this one. In 2022, Bertozzi joined Ira Flatow for a wide-ranging conversation about her research, chemistry education, her early music career, and the importance of diversity in the field of chemistry.Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.
Nobel laureate Carolyn Bertozzi joins Jorge Conde to unravel the concept of bioorthogonal chemistry. Carolyn traces her pioneering path from early studies in carbohydrate chemistry to how her lab developed the revolutionary ability to manipulate chemical reactions inside the human body. Together, they highlight the intersection of cutting-edge academic research and the challenges of translating discoveries into market-ready solutions. They also discuss navigating the science-to-startup journey, balancing academic and commercial ambitions, and leveraging precision therapies to address unmet medical needs in cancer and beyond. It's a compelling case study for founders looking to push the frontiers of biotech.
Click Chemistry came about as several researchers came to similar conclusions in parallel, but from different angles: Barry Sharpless, Morten Meldahl, and Carolyn Bertozzi. We hear about their research goals in the 1990s and early 2000s: to snap together smaller molecules in a reliable way, perhaps with pharmaceutical or biological experiments and results in mind. We learn of Sharpless's goals for Click Chemistry, which sometimes overlap with Green Chemistry.Support the Show. Support my podcast at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistry Tell me how your life relates to chemistry! E-mail me at steve@historyofchem.com Get my book, O Mg! How Chemistry Came to Be, from World Scientific Publishing, https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12670#t=aboutBook
Carolyn Bertozzi is a Professor at Stanford University. In 2022, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In this episode we talk about how the process of science is unstructured, so you don't know when and where the next idea is going to come – sometimes even at the supermarket checkout line. For Carolyn, science is a long game, where one person's negative result might be picked up a decade or a century later, leading to a new breakthrough. When a field is just being born, its new members may have a difficult time finding positions in academia and industry, as they are not experts in any traditional field. And Carolyn tells us how being in a band with Tom Morello, the guitarist of Rage Against The Machine, taught her about the personal chemistry required for running a successful lab. This episode was supported by Research Theory (researchtheory.org) and the Independent Media Initiative (theimi.co). For more information on Night Science, visit https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/night-science .
Fernando Herranz es doctor en Química, investigador del CSIC y Vicedirector del Instituto de Química Médica de Madrid, donde dirige un grupo de investigación en “Nanomedicina e Imagen Molecular”. En esta conversación hablamos sobre qué es la nanotecnología y cuales son las principales aplicaciones que ésta área de la ciencia tiene actualmente en medicina y puede tener en el futuro. 1:00 Inicios. La droguería de mi abuelo. “La química fabrica lo que estudia” 3:00 Influencias: Ruiz-Cabello (biomaGUNE) mi mentor, y Ramon Vilar (Imperial College) 6:00 Definición Nanotecnología. Las propiedades cambian con el tamaño. 9:30 Entender la escala nanométrica (10-9 metros). 12:00 Complejidad de los nanomateriales. Tamaño, forma, estructura. 17:30 Nanomateriales de partículas inorgánicas (oro, oxido de hierro). 19:30 Tratamiento in vivo: Hipertermia magnética en cáncer. 21:30 Uso de nanoparticulas organicas como transporte de fármacos. 24.30 Nanoparticulas con lípidos ionizables en vacunas de RNAm (COVID) 30:00 Eliminacion de nanopartículas inorgánicas 33:00 ¿Qué es la imagen molecular? 36:30 Premio Nobel 2022. Química click y bioortogonal. Carolyn Bertozzi. 44:00 Nuestras líneas de investigación. Diagnostico imagen cardiovascular 48:30 Investigación aplicada y relación con los clínicos. 52:30 Investigación en España: ¿cómo mejorar? más financiación, menos burocracia 56:30 Mis momentos Eureka. Radiactividad. Juan Pellico. 1:00:00 Consejos al Investigador 1:01:30 Aficiones. Baloncesto. Musica. Madridista. 1:02:30 Libros: Richard Dawkins (Evolucion). Sonia Contera (Nanotecnologia viva) 1:03:30 Mi ciudad favorita: Londres 1:05:00 Conclusiones Links de personas mencionadas en este podcast https://www.iqm.csic.es/nanomedicina-imagen-molecular/ https://www.ikerbasque.net/es/jesus-ruiz-cabello https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/r.vilar https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/juan.pellico
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
An intimate collection of portraits of internationally renowned scientists and Nobel Prize winners, paired with interviews and personal stories. What makes a brilliant scientist? Who are the people behind the greatest discoveries of our time? Connecting art and science, photographer Herlinde Koelbl seeks the answers in this English translation of the German book Fascination of Science: 60 Encounters with Pioneering Researchers of Our Time (MIT Press, 2023), an indelible collection of portraits of and interviews with sixty pioneering scientists of the twenty-first century. Koelbl's approach is intimate and accessible, and her highly personal interviews with her subjects reveal the forces (as well as the personal quirks) that motivate the scientists' work; for example, one wakes up at 3 am because her mind is calm then, another says his best ideas come to him in the shower. These glimpses into the scientists' lives and thinking add untold texture in this up-to-the-minute survey of the activities and progress that are currently taking place in the broad field of the natural sciences. Koelbl's interview subjects include Nobel Prize winners Dan Shechtman, Frances Arnold, Carolyn Bertozzi, and cover scientific fields from astronomy, biochemistry, and quantum physics to stem-cell research and AI. Beautifully bringing together art, science, and the written word, Fascination of Science is an inspiring read that shows how creativity, obsession, persistence, and passion drive the pioneering researchers of our time. Herlinde Koelbl is a German photographic artist, author, and documentary filmmaker. Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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“Your purpose as a scientist is not to achieve fame or money, that is not your purpose, those might be side effects and good for you, that could be wonderful for you but it is a side effect, it is not the main goal. The main goal is to make discoveries and gift them to humanity. And those discoveries and that knowledge stays with humanity long after you are gone.” — Carolyn Bertozzi on the scientist's purpose. Meet chemist and 2022 Nobel Prize laureate Bertozzi. In this episode she speaks about her two life-long loves: organic chemistry and music. Her love of music lead to her playing in a college rock band with Tom Morello whilst her love of organic chemistry earned her a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2022. Bertozzi also speaks about her desire to create a diverse and open lab environment and how important that is for research. A true advocate of diversity, she sees clearly the advantages derived from diverse ideas and perspectives. The host of this podcast is Adam Smith, Chief Scientific Officer at Nobel Prize Outreach. Nobel Prize Conversations is produced in cooperation with Fundación Ramón Areces. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this episode, we hold a conversation with Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi, a Nobel Prize laureate in Bioorthogonal Chemistry, and Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University. We will delve into Professor Bertozzi's journey to become a chemistry research scientist and all of the achievements she has made along the way. We will also talk about her discovery of bioorthogonal chemistry and the impact it has on medicine today and in the future. For information on training programs in biomedical PhD programs, please visit The Sarafan ChEM-H/IMA Postbaccalaureate Program. Read Transcript CME Information: https://stanford.cloud-cme.com/medcastepisode61 Claim CE: https://stanford.cloud-cme.com/Form.aspx?FormID=1502
When chemist and Nobel Laureate Carolyn Bertozzi was leaving grad school, she asked her professors for letters of recommendation to pursue a postdoc in immunology. They warned her that she was flushing her career down the toilet. Instead, this was one in a series of opportunities that Dr. Bertozzi recognized and pursued, in a career that has changed the way modern chemists work. For this Fireside Chat episode, Dr. Bertozzi told us how she has made a career out of seizing opportunities in the face of pushback, institutional sexism, and the doubts of colleagues. We touched on her experiences finishing grad school without an advisor, building confidence as a young scientist, moving between disciplines, and launching biotech startups. We also talked about the importance of encouragement from friends and colleagues, the inside game of academia, the challenge of keeping a scientifically open mind, and of course what it's like to win a Nobel Prize and invite your dad to Stockholm. This episode includes musical excerpts from “Nitrogen", "Half Mystery" and "Inspired" by Kevin MacLeod, and "Robots and Aliens" by Joel Cummins.
Hon utvecklade klickkemin för att kartlägga celler, och hennes teknik används idag över hela världen för att utveckla nya typer av läkemedel mot cancer. Hon har själv startat flera läkemedelsföretag Årets nobelpris i kemi går till utvcklingen av klickkemi och bioortogonal kemi.Barry Sharpeless och Morten Meldal lade grunden till en teknik där enkla molekylära byggstenar klickas ihop på ett enkelt och tillförlitligt sätt, reaktionerna går snabbt och man undviker oönskade biprodukter. som gör att kemiindustrin, läökemedelsindustrin slipper en massa dyrt spill.Men eftersom de använde kakalysatorn koppar som är giftgt kunde klicktekniken inte användas inne i levande organismer. Den tredje pristagaren Carolyn Betozzi utvecklade så kallade bioortogonala reaktioner, där hon tog in klickkemin in i levande celler, in i levande organismer och det gjorde hon genom att ta fram ofarliga organiska molekyler som kalalysatorer istället för koppar.Hon myntade begreppet bioortogonal kemi och hon beröttar att hon ärr vundsjuk på Barry Sharpeless, han som myntade det mycket mer slagkraftiga: Klickkemi.Gustaf Klarin gustaf.klarin@sverigesradio.se
In this bonus episode of C&EN's Bonding Time, we hear from 2022 chemistry Nobel laureates Carolyn Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless, who shared the prize along with Morten Meldal for their work on click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. After a November symposium honoring the US-based Nobel awardees at the Embassy of Sweden in Washington, DC, the two chemists discussed their long history of collaboration, how winning the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has changed their lives, and how they hope to use the spotlight to break down barriers within science. A transcript of this episode will be available shortly at cen.acs.org. To learn even more about this year's Nobel-winning science, listen to our October bonus episode about the prize at bit.ly/3iJ1iSc. Credits Executive producer/host: Kerri Jansen Writer: Gina Vitale Audio editor: Mark Feuer DiTusa Story editor: Michael Torrice Copyeditor: Sabrina Ashwell Logo design: William A. Ludwig Episode artwork: Laura Morton (Bertozzi); Sandy Huffaker (Sharpless)/C&EN Music: “Street Dreams” by Julian Hartwell Contact Stereo Chemistry: Tweet at us @cenmag or email cenfeedback@acs.org.
Kate Woda, IO360° Conference Director, gives a 6 minute overview on what you can expect at the 9th annual IO360° Summit taking place February 7-10 in Brooklyn, NY. Keynotes Include: Dr Carolyn Bertozzi, Stanford University on Bioorthogonal and Click Chemistries Impact on Advancing Cancer ImmunotherapyDr Marcela Maus, Massachusetts General Hospital on Mechanisms Driving CAR T CellsDr Isabelle Rivière, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center on Cell Therapy Manufacturing Progress Report and Novel Manufacturing ParadigmsDr Axel Hoos, Scorpion Therapeutics on Transformational Medicines & The Next Wave of IODr Andrew Baum, Citi on What's Next on the IO Radar? Top 10 RecommendationsDr Arjun Goyal, Vida Ventures on Investor Perspective on the State of the Current Market and Impact on the IO Cell Therapy FieldOswald Peterson, Stage IV Lung Cancer Survivor who will share his extraordinary story from diagnosis through to immunotherapy treatments that saved his life Plenary Topics: Biomarkers / Assay DevelopmentDiscovery / PreclinicalImaging AdvancementsClinical OperationsBusiness DevelopmentsTranslational ScienceCell TherapyRNA TherapeuticsClinical Developments Learn more about the upcoming IO360° Summit at www.io360summit.com
Hawai'i's Mauna Loa Volcanic Eruption Sparing Homes For Now Hawai'i's famed Mauna Loa volcano began to erupt this past weekend, after weeks of increasing small earthquakes. So far the flow of lava is posing no risk to homes in nearby Hilo, though that could change rapidly. But in the meantime, an important climate research lab is without power and unable to make measurements. And as lava flows and cools into new rock formations, one unusual product, called Pele's Hair, looks uniquely soft and straw-like—while being dangerously sharp. Ira talks to FiveThirtyEight's Maggie Koerth about the less high profile side effects of a major volcanic eruption. Plus, a new analysis of the magma under Yellowstone National Park, the leadership potential for wolves infected with a cat parasite, and other research stories. A Nobel Prize For Chemistry Work ‘Totally Separate From Biology' This year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Carolyn Bertozzi of Stanford University, Morten Meldal of the University of Copenhagen, and K. Barry Sharpless of the Scripps Research Institute “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.” In “click chemistry,” molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently to let chemists build more complicated molecules. But bioorthogonal chemistry takes that work one step farther, allowing the technique to be used within living organisms without damaging cells. “When someone is thinking outside the box, or in a very different way, we like to think of that as orthogonal thinking,” Dr. Bertozzi explained. “So biorthogonal means not interacting with biology. Totally separate from biology.” Her research began with an interest in developing ways to see specific sugar molecules on the surface of cells. But it has developed into an approach that can be used for advanced drug delivery in fields such as chemotherapy. Bertozzi joins Ira Flatow for a wide-ranging conversation about her research, chemistry education, her early music career, and the importance of diversity in the field of chemistry. Scientists Discover What Makes Jazz Music Swing Swing is a propulsive, groovy feeling that makes you want to move with the music. It's hard to put into words, but if you listen to jazz, you've probably felt it yourself. Now, researchers have arrived at a better understanding of what generates that feeling: Their work, published in Communications Physics, focuses on timing differences between a group's soloist and its rhythm section. Joining Ira to discuss the new findings are Theo Geisel, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Göttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self Organization, and Javier Arau, a saxophonist and the founder and executive director of the New York Jazz Academy. Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.
Menno en Erwin vertellen je in deze wekelijkse podcast over de natuur en wetenschap Deze aflevering staat compleet in het teken van de Nobelprijzen in Stockholm en economie in Oslo. Nobelprijs voor de Vrede 2022: Ales Bialiatski, Memorial en Center for Civil Liberties - voor het promoten van het recht om machthebbers te bekritiseren en het beschermen van de fundamentele rechten van burgers. Nobelprijs voor Literatuur 2022: Annie Ernaux - voor de moed en de klinische scherpte waarmee ze de wortels, vervreemdingen en collectieve beperkingen van de persoonlijke herinnering blootlegt. Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde 2022: Svante Pääbo - voor zijn sensationele ontdekkingen op het gebied van DNA van uitgestorven mensensoorten, zoals neanderthalers. Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde 2022: Alain Aspect, John Clauser en Anton Zeilinger - voor experimenten met verstrengelde fotonen, vaststelling van de schending van de Bell-ongelijkheden en baanbrekend werk op het gebied van kwantuminformatica. Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde 2022: Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal en Karl Barry Sharpless - voor de ontwikkeling van klikchemie en bioorthogonale chemie. Nobelprijs voor Economie 2022: Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond en Philip H. Dybvig - voor onderzoek naar banken en financiële crises. Kijken ook op onze website www.mennoenerwin.nl voor de uitgebreide beschrijving. Wil je graag invloed op onze podcast? Wordt lid en stel vragen. Wij gaan er komend seizoen op in en halen er eventueel een expert bij. Vanaf september hebben we het weer over natuurgebieden, maar ook over spannende soorten, en over biologisch onderzoek naar mens en dier. Heb je ideeën voor een onderwerp, of voor bepaalde gebieden die we zouden moeten bespreken, laat het ons weten en stuur een mail naar MennoenErwin@bano.nl Deze podcast is opgenomen in de Bano podcast studio in Groningen. Meer informatie www.bano.nl/studio --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/menno-en-erwin/message
Kara interviews Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi, a Stanford University scientist who, along with Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry earlier this year for developing bioorthogonal chemistry and click chemistry. Bertozzi explains what bioorthogonal chemistry actually is before breaking down how identifying different sugars in the body — which she calls “the dark matter of biology'' — could lead to breakthroughs in treating diseases ranging from the flu to cancer. She also weighs in on the state of funding in biology, Twitter, being lesbian in STEM, and the never-ending feud between chemists and biologists. Before the interview, Kara and Nayeema briefly discuss former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan's protest march (which was called off after this episode was recorded) and Trump's dinner with white supremacist Nick Fuentes. You can find Kara and Nayeema on Twitter @karaswisher and @nayeema. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Dr. Charles Ryan, president and CEO of the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF), joins ASCO Daily News Editor-in-Chief Dr. Neeraj Agarwal, of the University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, to assess impactful prostate cancer research from the PCF's recent conference and discuss Dr. Ryan's vision for the future, including increasing access to cutting-edge care. TRANSCRIPT Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Welcome, to the ASCO Daily News Podcast. I'm Dr. Neeraj Agarwal, the editor-in-chief of the ASCO Daily News, and director of the Genitourinary Cancers Program at the University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute. Today, we'll be discussing compelling research that was featured at the recent Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat, and I'm very pleased to welcome Dr. Charles Ryan, the president, and CEO of the Prostate Cancer Foundation. Our full disclosures are available on the transcript of this episode, and disclosures relating to all episodes of the ASCO Daily News Podcast are available on our transcripts at: asco.org/podcasts. Dr. Ryan, thank you for taking the time to be with us today. Dr. Charles Ryan: Dr. Agarwal, thank you. It's my pleasure to be with you. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: So, Dr. Ryan, before I discuss the PCF meeting, I would like to ask you, what made you move to the PCF as the president and CEO when you had a flourishing career as a division chief of a large academic program, and as one of the top and internationally recognized investigators in prostate cancer? Dr. Charles Ryan: Well, thanks. That's a fair question, I guess. And it took me about three minutes to make the decision when I was offered the position, simply because the Prostate Cancer Foundation has been one of my intellectual homes for my entire career. I've been at the University of Wisconsin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, UCSF, and the University of Minnesota, and all those institutions were affected by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, or previously, CaP CURE. So, I was involved in their research during my time at all those institutions. In addition to my own personal legacy with the PCF, but more importantly, is the fact that it is an organization that funds the deepest scientific inquiry into prostate cancer and the ways that it can cause suffering and death for men with the disease and has made tremendous progress in identifying factors that lead to that lethality. It's also a community of scholars, a community of researchers, that is a platform really for collaboration. And it's also an organization with a world reach - we fund research in 28 countries around the world, and we fund research going from the scope of very basic research to correlative research, to quality of life, and health services research. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: That is truly impressive and inspiring. So, what is the mission of the Prostate Cancer Foundation formally? Dr. Charles Ryan: Formally, it's pretty simple. The mission of the Prostate Cancer Foundation is to reduce the death and suffering from prostate cancer. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: So, the 29th PCF Scientific Retreat was recently held on October 27 to October 29th in Carlsbad, California. What were the goals and objectives of this meeting? Dr. Charles Ryan: The meeting, we call it the retreat, it's an annual event and it always has several goals. One is, it's where we announce and hand out, if you will, our awardees of our various awards that we give. It's also a reporting-in process where those who have been using PCF funding are called to come and discuss their work. We also want it to be an open forum for individuals to come and interact - it's really a collaboration and an interaction vehicle as much as anything. So, when you come to our scientific retreat, we all stay at the same hotel, we all share meals together, nobody goes out for dinner. You don't leave the campus, essentially, of the hotel where we are. We have many, many round tables set out, it's designed to be interactive. We have a big room where people are giving their talks, but if you step outside of the room, there are likely to be many, many conversations happening, and those conversations range from collaborations being formed to people looking for jobs, to people getting advice and mentoring, and even people sharing, as I've done over the years, compelling and challenging patient stories around prostate cancer, and really engaging in what communities do - which is, share ideals, share a mission, and share a passion for what they do. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Very interesting. Very inspiring. Please tell us some of the highlights of the meeting. Dr. Charles Ryan: Sure. Well, there are many highlights. There are many things happening in prostate cancer research. Most notably, there are a number of papers and investigators that are looking at how prostate cancer evolves, and probably the most significant set of observations that have been made in the field in the last decade, have been understanding the diverse and numerous mechanisms that underlie the evolution of prostate cancer from a disease that responds to hormonal manipulation, to one that becomes resistant to hormonal manipulation. And so, a lot of the work that's happening now is identifying, for example, the evolution of neuroendocrine prostate cancer, or mixed types of prostate cancer, or this sort of evolution of it under constant therapy. And that is allowing the exposure of new targets that we can exploit for new therapy development, and that feeds into some of the grant-making process that's going on in the background. And so, you have a lot of individuals who are looking at this or that mechanism pathway related to disease resistance that they can exploit, and whether they can create small molecules to do that, or antibodies to do that, et cetera. At the same time, we have a strong component of discussion of how prostate cancer affects different populations. So, we had some really nice talks looking at healthcare disparities and different populations across the world, and how they're affected by prostate cancer, and how care delivery may be impacted in those groups of patients. And then you have topics ranging around survivorship and other factors that are looking at what is life like for a man with advanced prostate cancer, which is in many cases, you know, men who get prostate cancer, who have recurrent disease, who end up going on systemic therapy are frequently on the treatment for 5, 10, 15 years. And so, survivorship, and how they live their life, and what the complications are of that treatment, is tremendously important because it's such a daily experience for these men undergoing treatment. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: So, how does the Prostate Cancer Foundation support and build the next generation of prostate cancer researchers? Dr. Charles Ryan: Right. So, the PCF supports the next generation in a very specific way, in addition to the informal way of bringing people together and inducing collaborations. We have a program called the Young Investigator Program. It started formally in 2008, but before that, there were one-off, if you will, Young Investigator Awards being given. So, our Young Investigator Awardees receive $75,000 per year to support their work, and we awarded 34 of those this year. The range is somewhere from 25 to 34 per year. We get over 100 applications for them every year. It's a straightforward application - they need to have a project that's going to be about three years in length, they need to be mentored, and they are best served by describing a mentorship plan for themselves and how that mentorship relationship will help them grow in their careers. Now, once you become a Young Investigator, it's not that we just write you a check and wish you well, we do that, but we also have annual check-ins. So, we try to visit the sites of our Young Investigators, see them in their home institution, and meet with their colleagues and their mentors. And that's one of the things I do, or Howard Soule does-- Howard Soule, is our chief scientific officer, one of those things we try to do. We also bring them to the scientific retreat that we just had last week, and we have them present their data. So, a vast number of the individuals who are presenting at the scientific retreat are in fact, Young Investigators, or they were Young Investigators when they started the projects that they are presenting. And then, the other thing we do is we have another retreat specifically for the Young Investigators, and that's called the Coffey-Holden Retreat, and that's named after Don Coffey, the late researcher from Johns Hopkins, who is really considered to be one of the grandfathers of prostate cancer research, and Stuart or Skip Holden, who is one of the founders of the Prostate Cancer Foundation, and a urologist at UCLA. So, that event that we do is designed for people to come to give highlights of the work that they're doing; it's designed to be incredibly interactive. In fact, we have 15 or so minutes of presentation, followed by sometimes 25 minutes of questions for each presenter. There's always a line of people who are waiting to ask questions, and it's designed to engage and have that dialogue with the Young Investigators, to make their science better, and to get it known. And so, the Young Investigator Program, it's about 30 individuals per year on average, and the average age is about 30. Many of these are postdoctoral PhDs, and many of them are fellows, or early-stage faculty, MDs. And I like to think that if somebody's going to work until the age of 70, we're stimulating, or launching a 40-year career with these Young Investigator awards. So, I like to think that if we give 25 out, times 40 years, that's 1,000 years of research that we're sort of stimulating with this Young Investigator program. And I bring that up for the reason that we're very proud of the fact that many of our Young Investigators may start out in prostate cancer, and their ideas, their science, takes them elsewhere. And that's what science does. And we, of course, are very, very focused on solving the problem of prostate cancer, and we want people to do that. But we also understand that by launching a scientist, by launching a scientific career, you may end up with people going off in different directions. And so, we have many examples of that. And in my talk this year, I actually highlighted a person who, let's say she won an investigator award when she was young, it was before the formal Young Investigator Award was named, and this was a person who is creating conjugates for the delivery of chemotherapy to prostate cancer cells. And this was Carolyn Bertozzi up at UC Berkeley, and she just won the Nobel Prize. She didn't win the Nobel Prize for research she did on prostate cancer, but at some point, at one point in her career, this was a direction she was going, and she got two grants from us in 1999 and 2000, that helped her work continue on and go the direction that it did. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Yeah. And congratulations. Dr. Charles Ryan: Sure. I'll take credit for that one. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Being the President and the CEO, you deserve the credit. Dr. Charles Ryan: Sure. That's my job. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: So, we are coming to the end of the interview, but let me ask you this; the prostate cancer field is so constantly evolving. What is your vision for PCF going forward? Dr. Charles Ryan: Well, my vision for the organization is that we are going to continue on our mission to reduce the death and suffering from prostate cancer. But that's a fairly general statement, and one of the ways you can do that is you can research cancer at a molecular level, and you could try to develop new therapies - we're going to continue to do that. But there's also a real problem, especially, in the United States, and actually globally, with individuals with prostate cancer who are not receiving the cutting-edge care, not receiving the cutting-edge therapy. We have some data that in the United States, maybe upwards of 50% of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer are not getting the therapies that are supported by the latest findings from randomized phase III trials. And this may be for economic reasons, it may be communications or an education deficit with their treating clinicians, and there may be other factors as well. So, as we think about the vision of this, we need to be mindful of that, because if we only focus on studying the cancer molecularly, and we don't address what's happening on the other end, then we're not completing the story, and we're not completing the mission. And so, I've started calling Prostate Cancer Foundation the Global Public Square of Prostate Cancer, because I think of four sides of that square - funding research, as of what we just got done talking about, education and communication, is another one, and we do that in the same way that you are doing this today - through podcasts, and web content, and in-person meetings, as well as applied discovery, which is helping our researchers take their discoveries or their findings out into the clinic. Now, you might think, "Well, that's a small molecule, becoming a company going into a phase I clinical trial." Certainly, that's part of it, but it's also the epidemiologist who is making observations about diet and exercise, who is then empowered to do a clinical trial of exercise and diet intervention. It's also the health services researcher who is able to use their data to go talk to payers or talk to organizations about how care may be delivered differently. So, that's applied discovery. And then finally, supporting the patient is part of what we do. So, we also hold patient webinars every month, we've held patient summits at various points around the country where we bring patients together and talk to them about the latest research or about the factors we've discussed, such as survivorship, or quality of life after treatment, or treatment complications, and things like that. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: That's wonderful. Thank you so much for sharing your insights. Any final remarks, Dr. Ryan? Dr. Charles Ryan: Dr. Agarwal, thank you so much. It's always a pleasure to speak to another Genitourinary Oncologist, of course, about the field, and the opportunity to talk about the Prostate Cancer Foundation and what we're doing, and the directions we are trying to grow. We've had a great collaboration with ASCO over the years, and I hope that that continues as well. I hope anybody who is interested would come and visit us at: pcf.org, and they can also check us out on: urotoday.com, where we have a lot of content that might be of interest to them. Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Thank you, Dr. Ryan, for taking the time to be with us on the ASCO Daily News Podcast today. And thank you to our listeners for joining us today. If you value the insights that you hear on the ASCO Daily News Podcast, please take a moment to rate, review, and subscribe, wherever you get your podcast. Thank you very much. Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy, should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Follow today's Speakers: Dr. Neeraj Agarwal @neerajaimms Dr. Charles Ryan @charlesryanmd Want more related content? Listen to our podcast on therapeutic advances in prostate cancer and other GU cancers. Advances in Genitourinary Cancers at #ASCO22 Follow ASCO on social media: @ASCO on Twitter ASCO on Facebook ASCO on LinkedIn Disclosures: Dr. Neeraj Agarwal: Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Medivation/Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Nektar, Lilly, Bayer, Pharmacyclics, Foundation Medicine, Astellas Pharma, Lilly, Exelixis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, Eisai, Seattle Genetics, EMD Serono, Janssen Oncology, AVEO, Calithera Biosciences, MEI Pharma, Genentech, Astellas Pharma, Foundation Medicine, Gilead Sciences Research Funding (Inst.): Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, Pfizer, Exelixis, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Calithera Biosciences, Celldex, Eisai, Genentech, Immunomedics, Janssen, Merck , Lilly, Nektar, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, crispr therapeutics, Arvinas Dr. Charles Ryan: Honoraria: Janssen Oncology, Bayer Consulting or Advisory Role: Bayer, Dendreon, AAA, Myovant Sciences, Roivant, Clovis Oncology
Zu Beginn von Folge 16 regt sich Juni erstmal wieder auf; diesmal darüber, dass Nobelpreisträger*innen häufig auf ein „Wissenspodest“ gestellt werden, obwohl sie natürlich nicht in allem Expert*in sind. Stephanie Kwolek wollte eigentlich Medizin studieren, ist dann aber doch in der industriellen Chemie geblieben und hat sich mit Kunststoffen beschäftigt. Mit ihrer Erfindung hat sie trotzdem Menschenleben gerettet und nebenbei auch noch ein tolles Experiment für den Schulunterricht entwickelt. Carolyn Bertozzi ist vielen seit neuestem bekannt, da sie den diesjährigen Chemie-Nobelpreis gewonnen hat. Diesen hat sie für die Entwicklung und Prägung des Bereichs der bioorthogonalen Chemie bekommen. Aber auch sozial ist sie sehr engagiert und setzt sich für die Gleichbehandlung aller Menschen unabhängig ihres Geschlechts, ihrer Herkunft, Religion und Sexualität ein. Außerdem neu eingeführt: die temporäre Rubrik „Juniversity“, in der Juni vom neuen Uni Alltag berichtet. Ted Talk von Carolyn Bertozzi https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BPeFy4iyzn0 Intro/Outro-Music: A Few Moments Later by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com Episodenbilder https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Carolyn_Bertozzi_IMG_9384.jpg https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Stephanie_Kwolek_1986.TIF
Carolyn Bertozzi is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Chemical & Systems Biology (by courtesy) at Stanford University, the Baker Family Director at Sarafan ChEM-H, and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She completed her undergraduate degree in Chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and her Ph.D. in Chemistry from UC Berkeley in 1993. After completing postdoctoral work at UCSF in the field of cellular immunology, she joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1996. In June 2015, she joined the faculty at Stanford University as an Institute Scholar at Sarafan ChEM-H.Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology. She invented the concept of “bioorthogonal chemistry” and has widely applied such reactions to study biological processes and build new types of molecular therapeutics. As well, her lab studies the roles of cell surface glycosylation in human health and disease. Her lab focuses on profiling changes in cell surface glycosylation associated with cancer, inflammation and bacterial infection, and exploiting this information for development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, most recently in the area of immuno-oncology. Bertozzi has been recognized with many honors and awards for both her research and teaching accomplishments. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, and she is a Foriegn Fellow of the Royal Society, UK. Her efforts in undergraduate education have earned her the UC Berkeley Distinguished Teaching Award and the Donald Sterling Noyce Prize for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching. Some awards of note include the Lemelson-MIT award for inventors, Ernst Schering Prize, MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry, and just last week, the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Alix Ventures, by way of BIOS Community, is providing this content for general information purposes only. Reference to any specific product or entity does not constitute an endorsement nor recommendation by Alix Ventures, BIOS Community, or its affiliates. The views & opinions expressed by guests are their own & their appearance on the program does not imply an endorsement of them nor any entity they represent. Views & opinions expressed by Alix Ventures employees are those of the employees & do not necessarily reflect the view of Alix Ventures, BIOS Community, affiliates, nor its content sponsors.Thank you for listening!BIOS (@BIOS_Community) unites a community of Life Science innovators dedicated to driving patient impact. Alix Ventures (@AlixVentures) is a San Francisco based venture capital firm supporting early stage Life Science startups engineering biology to create radical advances in human health.Music: Danger Storm by Kevin MacLeod (link & license)
Two Bay Area scientists have won the 2022 Nobel Prize. Stanford's Carolyn Bertozzi is one of just eight women to ever win the prize in chemistry (out of 189 total winners). The Nobel committee described her as “an inspiration for women and queer people in STEM.” John Clauser, now 79 years old, received the prize in physics for research he conducted 50 years ago on quantum entanglement - research that he says was considered irrelevant at the time, but has since provided the foundation for quantum computation and quantum communication. Bertozzi and Clauser join Forum to talk about their work and take your science questions. Guests: Dr. John Clauser, winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize in physics Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi, winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; professor, Stanford University
Como todos los años, en la primera semana de octubre se han anunciado los premios Nobel de este año: el lunes le tocó a Medicina, el martes a Física y el miércoles a Química. En este capítulo os hablamos brevemente de cada uno de ellos, para que sepáis qué es lo que han premiado los Comités Nobel en esta ocasión: - El premio Nobel en Fisiología o Medicina ha sido para la parte más fisiológica, pues ha recaído íntegramente en el sueco Svante Pääbo “por sus descubrimientos sobre los genomas de especies humanas extintas y sus aportaciones a la comprensión de la evolución humana”. - El premio Nobel de Física se ha dividido en tres partes iguales, y ha sido para el francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y el austríaco Anton Zeilinger, “por sus experimentos con fotones entrelazados, que establecieron la violación de las desigualdades de Bell y dieron comienzo a la era de la información cuántica” - El premio Nobel de Química también ha sido tripartito, y ha ido a parar al estadounidense Barry Sharpless (que ya lo había ganado en esta misma categoría en el año 2001), el danés Morten Meldal y la estadounidense Carolyn Bertozzi, “por el desarrollo de la química clic y la química bioortogonal” Si queréis aprender más sobre el premio de Física de este año, os lo hemos contado en más detalle en nuestro pódcast hermano, Aparici en Órbita, en el capítulo s05e03. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 5 de octubre de 2022. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de La Brújula en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es
On the latest BioCentury This Week podcast, Washington Editor Steve Usdin details the circumstances leading up to Michelle McMurry-Heath's resignation as CEO of BIO on Monday. The podcast team also discuss BioCentury's 4Q22 Financial Markets Preview, with Associate Editor Stephen Hansen assessing biotech's attempt to emerge from the ongoing bear market recovery as inflation and rising interest rates foster a risk-off environment. Senior Editor Karen Tkach Tuzman discusses the latest translational tidbits from BioCentury's Distillery and the impact Nobel Prize laureate Carolyn Bertozzi has had on the biotech industry.
Acompaña a Ricardo Cartas en una emisión más de la revista cultural De eso se trata, espacio de ciencia, de cultura, de gastronomía, de libros y más, de lunes a viernes de 08:30 a 10:00 horas. En La entrevista, el Dr. Arturo Fernández, director de divulgación científica BUAP; en conjunto con el Dr. Jesús Sandoval, analizarán los Premios Nobel 2022. El Premio Nobel de Química 2022 lo obtuvieron Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal y Barry Sharples por su desarrollo de la química click, en la que los componentes básicos moleculares se unen de manera rápida y eficiente, incluso en los organismos vivos; y la química bioortogonal.
Stanford professor Carolyn Bertozzi's imaginative ideas for treating disease have led to ten start-ups. She talks with Steve about the next generation of immune therapy she's created, and why she might rather be a musician.
El científico sueco Svante Pääbo ha sido la gran sorpresa de los Nobel de este año. Un premio, el de Medicina o Fisiología, más que merecido para un investigador cuya carrera ha estado a caballo entre la genética y de una disciplina que ni siquiera podía imaginar que iba a rozar el galardón: la paleoantropología. Hemos analizado sus contribuciones a la ciencia con un colaborador suyo en España, Antonio Rosas, investigador del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Hemos informado de la concesión del Nobel de Física al francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y al austriaco Anton Zeilinger, pioneros de las tecnologías de la información cuántica; y del Nobel de Química a los estadounidenses Carolyn Bertozzi y Barry Sharpless y al danés Morten Meldal por el desarrollo de la química del clic y la química bioortogonal. José Antonio López Guerrero nos ha hablado del empleo de virus bacteriófagos contra bacterias superresistentes a los antibióticos. Con Enrique Sacristán nos hemos acercado a la figura de la oceanógrafa española Ángeles Alvariño, que este mes hubiera cumplido 106 años, con testimonio de Alberto González-Garcés (IEO/CSIC); y del hallazgo en China de un grupo excepcional de peces fósiles, entre los que aparecen los primeros vertebrados con mandíbulas y dientes, con testimonio de Humberto Ferrón (universidades de Valencia y Bristol). Jesús Martínez Frías nos ha explicado que en la Luna hay distintos tipos de agua, y uno de ellos podría formarse a partir de los iones de hidrógeno y oxígeno que escapan de la atmósfera terrestre. Escuchar audio
El científico sueco Svante Pääbo ha sido la gran sorpresa de los Nobel de este año. Un premio, el de Medicina o Fisiología, más que merecido para un investigador cuya carrera ha estado a caballo entre la genética y de una disciplina que ni siquiera podía imaginar que iba a rozar el galardón: la paleoantropología. Hemos analizado sus contribuciones a la ciencia con un colaborador suyo en España, Antonio Rosas, investigador del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Hemos informado de la concesión del Nobel de Física al francés Alain Aspect, el estadounidense John Clauser y al austriaco Anton Zeilinger, pioneros de las tecnologías de la información cuántica; y del Nobel de Química a los estadounidenses Carolyn Bertozzi y Barry Sharpless y al danés Morten Meldal por el desarrollo de la química del clic y la química bioortogonal. José Antonio López Guerrero nos ha hablado del empleo de virus bacteriófagos contra bacterias superresistentes a los antibióticos. Con Enrique Sacristán nos hemos acercado a la figura de la oceanógrafa española Ángeles Alvariño, que este mes hubiera cumplido 106 años, con testimonio de Alberto González-Garcés (IEO/CSIC); y del hallazgo en China de un grupo excepcional de peces fósiles, entre los que aparecen los primeros vertebrados con mandíbulas y dientes, con testimonio de Humberto Ferrón (universidades de Valencia y Bristol). Jesús Martínez Frías nos ha explicado que en la Luna hay distintos tipos de agua, y uno de ellos podría formarse a partir de los iones de hidrógeno y oxígeno que escapan de la atmósfera terrestre. Escuchar audio
In Bio Eats World's Journal Club episodes, we discuss groundbreaking research articles, why they matter, what new opportunities they present, and how to take these findings from paper to practice. In this episode, Stanford Professor Carolyn Bertozzi and former Bio Eats World host Lauren Richardson discuss the article "Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins" by Steven M. Banik, Kayvon Pedram, Simon Wisnovsky, Green Ahn, Nicholas M. Riley & Carolyn R. Bertozzi, published in Nature 584, 291–297 (2020).Many diseases are caused by proteins that have gone haywire in some fashion. There could be too much of the protein, it could be mutated, or it could be present in the wrong place or time. So how do you get rid of these problematic proteins? Dr. Bertozzi and her lab developed a class of drugs -- or modality -- that in essence, tosses the disease-related proteins into the cellular trash can. While there are other drugs that work through targeted protein degradation, the drugs created by the Bertozzi team (called LYTACs) are able to attack a set of critical proteins, some of which have never been touched by any kind of drug before. Our conversation covers how they engineered these new drugs, their benefits, and how they can be further optimized and specialized in the future.
Paris and Jeremy dig into the Lexington upbringing of Carolyn Bertozzi, one of three people awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry this week. Did you know her rock band won an Ivy League Battle of the Bands while she was at Harvard? We also celebrate GBH's birthday.
No podcast ‘Notícia No Seu Tempo', confira em áudio as principais notícias da edição impressa do jornal ‘O Estado de S. Paulo' desta quinta-feira (06/10/22): A senadora Simone Tebet (MDB-MS) anunciou seu voto no petista Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, que ontem também ganhou apoio do ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB). Tebet criticou a campanha pelo voto útil no 1.º turno – ela foi 3.ª colocada, com 4,9 milhões de votos – sem que o PT tivesse apresentado um programa de governo ao País. Agora, a senadora levou propostas e pediu responsabilidade fiscal. E mais: Política: Em relatório sobre votação, TCU elogia transparência do sistema eleitoral Internacional: Opep corta produção de petróleo; EUA veem benefício à Rússia Metrópole: Alta de acidentes e ataques expõe riscos de mais armas com civis Caderno 2: Peça sobre Renoir em cartaz em São PauloSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless for their development of click and bioorthogonal chemistry which are used by chemists around the world to track biological processes and produce pharmaceuticals. In this special episode of Stereo Chemistry, hosts Gina Vitale and Ariana Remmel delve into the science behind the prize and talk with organic chemist Antoni Riera to discuss the applications of the award-winning chemistry. C&EN contributor Mark Peplow also joins the Stereo Chemistry crew to talk about his conversation with Nobel Laureate Carolyn Bertozzi. Read more about this award-winning science in Mark Peplow's article about the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: https://cen.acs.org/people/nobel-prize/Click-and-biorthogonal-chemistry-win-2022-Nobel-Prize-in-Chemistry/100/web/2022/10 Credits Executive producer/host: Kerri Jansen Writer: Ariana Remmel, Gina Vitale Audio editor: Mark Feuer DiTusa Story editors: Jessica Marshall Production assistance: Mark Peplow, Krystal Vasquez Audience editor: Dorea I. Reeser Copyeditor: Heather Holt Logo design: William A. Ludwig Episode artwork: Laura Morton (Bertozzi), University of Copenhagen (Meldal), Sandy Huffaker (Sharpless) Press conference recordings: Courtesy of ©The Nobel Foundation Music: “Rising Tide” by C.K. Martin. Contact Stereo Chemistry: Tweet at us @cenmag or email cenfeedback@acs.org.
Mit ihrem Schlingerkurs bei den wirtschaftsliberalen Reformvorhaben hat die britische Premierministerin Liz Truss auch ihre eigene Partei verärgert. Bettina Schulz hat den Parteitag der konservativen Torys verfolgt. Die Journalistin berichtet für ZEIT ONLINE aus Großbritannien und erklärt, wie umstritten Truss in ihrer Fraktion und Partei ist. Außerdem in der Nachmittagsausgabe des Was Jetzt?-Podcasts: Die EU-Mitgliedsländer haben sich auf ein achtes Sanktionspaket gegen Russland geeinigt. Der Sachverständigenrat für Integration und Migration (SVR) hat untersucht, wie verbreitet antimuslimische und antisemitische Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund sind. Der Chemienobelpreis geht an Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal und Barry Sharpless. Linda Fischer arbeitet im Wissensressort von ZEIT ONLINE und erklärt, wofür die Wissenschaftler aus den USA und Dänemark ausgezeichnet werden. Was noch? Weil Dünger knapp ist, greift Peru jetzt wieder auf Vogelkacke zurück. (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/04/peru-guano-deposits-worldwide-fertiliser-shortage) Moderation und Produktion: Roland Jodin Redaktion: Moses Fendel Mitarbeit: Marc Fehrmann Fragen, Kritik, Anregungen? Sie erreichen uns unter wasjetzt@zeit.de Weitere Links zur Folge: Finanzkrise in London: Knapp am Knall vorbei (https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2022-09/finanzkrise-grossbritannien-liz-truss-premierministerin-london) Kwasi Kwarteng: Radikal in den Crash (https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-09/grossbritannien-kwasi-kwarteng-liz-truss-bank-of-england) Krieg gegen die Ukraine: EU-Staaten einigen sich auf neues Sanktionspaket gegen Russland (https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/eu-sanktionspaket-russland-krieg-ukraine-annektion) SVR-Studie (https://www.svr-migration.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SVR-Studie-2022-2__Antimuslimische-und-antisemitische-Einstellungen.pdf) Antisemitismus: Judenfeindlichkeit in Deutschland (https://www.zeit.de/thema/antisemitismus) Thema: Islamfeindlichkeit (https://www.zeit.de/thema/islamfeindlichkeit) Nobelpreis für Chemie: Chemienobelpreis für drei Molekülforscher (https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2022-10/chemienobelpreis-fuer-click-chemie-einer-synthesemethode-fuer-molekuele)
“When the world is in trouble, chemistry comes to the rescue” - As just illustrated by the Covid pandemic, says Carolyn Bertozzi, “Chemistry is such an exciting area of science for people who want to have an impact.” This call with Adam Smith, recorded immediately after the public announcement of her Nobel Prize, caught her just before the world started descending on her home in California. As the 8th female Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry, she says “I can't help but think about all the women that came before me that didn't have the opportunity to be recognised.” But her view of the future is bright: “I'm very optimistic about how science, and the culture of science, is trending.” From October 3-10, don't miss our mini-season that will showcase the absolute freshest interviews with the new 2022 Nobel Prize laureates. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Carolyn Bertozzi is sharing the prize with two other scientists in a field that involves using chemical reactions in biological settings to eventually track diseases and develop new medicines.
Nobelpriset i kemi 2022 går till Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal och Barry Sharpless. De har lagt grunden för en form av kemi som kallas klickkemi, som klickar ihop molekyler. Pristagarna är från USA och Danmark och belönas för forskning som handlar om att bygga komplicerade molekyler, där molekylära byggstenar snabbt och effektivt snäpper i varandra.I programmet medverkar Ulrika Björkstén, Sveriges Radios vetenskapskommentator, och Christina Moberg, professor emeritus i organisk kemi vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan.Programledare Lena Nordlund lena.nordlund@sr.se Producent Björn Gunér bjorn.guner@sr.se
Der Nobelpreis für Chemie geht in diesem Jahr an Carolyn Bertozzi und Berry Sharpless aus den USA sowie Morten Meldal aus Dänemark. Sie erhalten den Nobelpreis für ihre Erkenntnisse im Bereich der Molekül-Forschung. Von Axel Dorloff
Der Nobelpreis für Chemie geht in diesem Jahr an drei Molekular-Forscher. Ausgezeichnet werden Carolyn Bertozzi und Barry Sharpless aus den USA sowie Morten Meldal aus Dänemark. Das hat die Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften heute Mittag bekanntgegeben. Geehrt werden die zwei Männer und eine Frau für ihre Entwicklung von Methoden zum zielgerichteten Aufbau von Molekülen. Aus Stockholm berichtet Holger Senzel.
Senior Editor Markus Elsner has a discussion with Ray Deshaies and Carolyn Bertozzi about PROTACs, small molecules that have the potential to treat previously-undruggable targets in clinical applications. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Stanford professor Carolyn Bertozzi's imaginative ideas for treating disease have led to ten start-ups. She talks with Steve about the next generation of immune therapy she's created, and why she might rather be a musician.
PROTACs have taken center stage in the effort to drug the undruggable. Researchers are now exploring other types of TACs to degrade or alter undruggable targets by bringing them together with effector proteins. In this episode, Ray Deshaies talks to Carolyn Bertozzi, professor of chemistry at Stanford University, about alternative induced proximity platforms. Notably, her research centers around lysosome targeting chimeras, or LYTACs, that target extracellular proteins for degradation by the endosome-lysosome pathway. To dive further into this topic, please join Amgen scientists at the Undruggable Q&A webinar discussion on November 17, 2021. Register for this event here: Undruggable Q&A Undruggable is a special edition podcast series produced by The Scientist's Creative Services Team. This series is brought to you by Amgen, a pioneer in the science of using living cells to make biologic medicines. They helped invent the processes and tools that built the global biotech industry, and have since reached millions of patients suffering from serious illnesses around the world with their medicines. Beginning with the introduction of aspirin at the start of the 20th century, there have been three major waves of innovation in drug discovery. While breakthrough discoveries have been made, 85% of disease targets are still considered undruggable, which represents an ongoing barrier to discovering medicines for complex diseases like cancer and autoimmune conditions. Ray Deshaies, who has spent decades in academic research and is a senior vice president at Amgen, believes that the fourth wave of innovation is here, led by new types of multispecific medicines that will radically alter our concept of how drugs can work and pave the way for new solutions.
In this episode, I converse with Prof. Ryan Flynn, an Assistant Professor at Boston Children's Hospital in the Stem Cell Program and in the Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department at Harvard University. Ryan completed his M.D. and Ph.D. in Cancer Biology in the MSTP at Stanford University and received his B.S. in Biology from MIT. The Flynn lab develops chemical tools to study the interface of RNA biology and glycobiology in the context of cell state transitions and cell-cell communication. We talk about his incredible journey in basic science after initially wanting to become a surgeon; outstanding mentors like Nobel laureate Phil Sharp, a legendary figure in RNA biology, and Carolyn Bertozzi, a pioneer of glycobiology; fascinating research on glycans and developing tools for glycobiology; starting a lab during a pandemic; and many more things!!
Welcome back to My Fave Queer Chemist, y'all! This week, Bec & Geraldo share the recording of our fourth and final Pride Summer event, a live discussion with the incredible Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi. We were able to raise $360 for Gender Spectrum, an organization that is working to advocate for and support transgender youth in this country. Thank you so much to everyone who has attended, donated to and supported all of our Pride Summer events. We were able to raise $1600 for trans-led orgs in this country and we wouldn't have been able to do it without y'all. Be on the look out for what we have planned in the coming months for the show and follow us on our Twitter @MFQCPod! See y'all next time!
Welcome back to My Fave Queer Chemist, y'all! This week, Bec & Geraldo share the recording of our third Pride Summer event, a Live Panel discussion about LGBTQ+ in Academia. We featured four incredible scientists doing great work in the fields of biology, chemistry, and neuroscience. We also raised $400 for the Trans Lifeline, an organization that is working to advocate for and save the lives of transgender people of color in this country. Our Pride Summer FINALE will be Next Wednesday, July 14 which will feature the incredible Carolyn Bertozzi as our guest! This event will be benefitting Gender Spectrum so stay tuned, we'll be tweeting more information about this in the next couple of days. Stay up to date on all of our Pride events on our Twitter @MFQCPod!
In this episode, I converse with Prof. Stacy Malaker, an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Yale University. Stacy completed her undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan and went on to receive her PhD in Chemistry from the University of Virginia under Prof. Donald Hunt where she focused on enrichment and mass spectrometric identification of glycopeptides presented by the MHC class I and II processing pathways. She further continued to investigate the role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer as an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow in Prof. Carolyn Bertozzi's lab at Stanford University and used mass spectrometry and glycobiology to investigate mucinase activity on glycoproteins. Stacy seeks to develop methods that allow for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of mucin-domain glycoproteins, a class of densely O-glycosylated extracellular proteins. We talk about her incredible journey in science; blazing a trail through academia whilst being a first generation college student; outstanding mentors like Don Hunt, a legendary figure in mass spectrometry, and Carolyn Bertozzi, a pioneer of glycobiology; fascinating research on mucins and the keys they hold to tackling various diseases like cancer and cystic fibrosis, glycoproteomics; sagacious advice to young and upcoming scientists; and many more things!!
Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Chemical and Systems Biology and Radiology at Stanford University. She is also an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Carolyn’s research combines chemistry and biology. Her lab develops tools from chemistry that can be used to study biology with the goal of ultimately creating new molecules that can cure diseases and help us live better, healthier lives. She has three young boys, and she keeps busy when she’s outside of the lab taking them to swimming lessons, gymnastics, and out to the movies. Carolyn received her undergraduate training in Chemistry at Harvard University and was awarded her PhD in Chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. She went on to complete postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Francisco and then accepted a faculty position at UC, Berkeley. Carolyn just recently joined the faculty at Stanford in 2015. She is the recipient of the UCSF 150th Anniversary Alumni Excellence Award, the Hans Bloemendal Award from Radboud University, the Heinrich Wieland Prize, the Royal Society of Chemistry Organic Division Bioorganic Chemistry Award, the Lemelson-MIT Prize for Inventors, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, and many other national and international awards and honors. In addition, Carolyn is an elected Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In this interview, Carolyn shares her journey through life and science.
Carolyn Bertozzi grew up in a science family with a physicist father. But it was organic chemistry that “clicked” for Carolyn and started her down the path of understanding biology at a molecular level. Daniel Chen and Carolyn Bertozzi discuss her work in glycobiology. Bertozzi’s research finds that glycosylation has consequences in immune modulation, and that glycobiology plays an important role in human disease that has historically been underexploited in drug development. Finally, Chen and Bertozzi talk about gender representation in science and the importance of female role models for both women and men.
Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Conventional drug mechanism can’t get 100% of protein blockedDegraders have more axes of effectProteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders function on proteins inside the cell but newer LYTAC degraders can target proteins in extracellular spaceExtracellular proteins should now be added to the list of potential targets for degradation strategyLysosome-targeting chimera drugs (LYTAC) may have future therapeutic in amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseaseRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgWelcome to the second episode of Bio Eats World, a brand new podcast all about how biology is technology. Bio is breaking out of the lab and clinic and into our daily lives -- on the verge of revolutionizing our world in ways we are only just beginning to imagine.Many diseases are caused by proteins that have gone haywire in some fashion. There could be too much of the protein, it could be mutated, or it could be present in the wrong place or time. So how do you get rid of these problematic proteins? In this episode of Journal Club (now on Bio Eats World), Stanford professor Carolyn Bertozzi and host Lauren Richardson discuss the article “Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins” by Steven Banik, Kayvon Pedram, Simon Wisnovsky, Green Ahn, Nicholas Riley, and Carolyn Bertozzi, published in Nature (2020).Dr. Bertozzi and her lab developed a class of drugs — or modality — that tosses the disease-related proteins into the cellular trash can. While there are other drugs that work through targeted protein degradation, these drugs called LYTACs are able to attack a set of critical proteins, some of which have never been touched by any kind of drug before. The conversation covers how they engineered these new drugs, their benefits, and how they can be further optimized and specialized in the future.
Welcome to the second episode of Bio Eats World, a brand new podcast all about how biology is technology. Bio is breaking out of the lab and clinic and into our daily lives -- on the verge of revolutionizing our world in ways we are only just beginning to imagine.Many diseases are caused by proteins that have gone haywire in some fashion. There could be too much of the protein, it could be mutated, or it could be present in the wrong place or time. So how do you get rid of these problematic proteins? In this episode of Journal Club (now on Bio Eats World), Stanford professor Carolyn Bertozzi and host Lauren Richardson discuss the article “Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins” by Steven Banik, Kayvon Pedram, Simon Wisnovsky, Green Ahn, Nicholas Riley, and Carolyn Bertozzi, published in Nature (2020).Dr. Bertozzi and her lab developed a class of drugs — or modality — that tosses the disease-related proteins into the cellular trash can. While there are other drugs that work through targeted protein degradation, these drugs called LYTACs are able to attack a set of critical proteins, some of which have never been touched by any kind of drug before. The conversation covers how they engineered these new drugs, their benefits, and how they can be further optimized and specialized in the future.
Let's celebrate pride together! Join our conversation with Professor Carolyn Bertozzi and Ph.D. Student Riley Suhar, two amazing scientists that share their stories on being LQBTQ+. Whether you are a teacher, student, LQBTQ+, or an ally, we hope these stories will inspire you to join the movement in making science, and the world, more inclusive. Carolyn Bertozzi - Twitter: @CarolynBertozzi, Email: bertozzi@stanford.edu Riley Suhar - Twitter and Instagram: @RileyWillRain
Let's celebrate pride together! Join our conversation with Professor Carolyn Bertozzi and Ph.D. Student Riley Suhar, two amazing scientists that share their stories on being LQBTQ+. Whether you are a teacher, student, LQBTQ+, or an ally, we hope these stories will inspire you to join the movement in making science, and the world, more inclusive. Carolyn Bertozzi - Twitter: @CarolynBertozzi, Email: bertozzi@stanford.edu Riley Suhar - Twitter and Instagram: @RileyWillRain
Carolyn Bertozzi on becoming a chemical biologist/glycobiologist.
It's International Women's Day 2019, and the campaign this year is 'Better the Balance, Better the World', so in today's bonus episode we talk to Dr Sarah Barry, a Senior Lecturer in Chemical Biology at King's College London about her career in academia and why the gender balance in chemistry isn't really there yet. At the end of the podcast Sarah refers to a report by the Royal Society of Chemistry on the diversity landscape of the chemical sciences and an article by Carolyn Bertozzi about achieving gender balance, we've included them here for ease of reference: RSC Diversity Landscape Report Carolyn Bertozzi Gender Balance Article #betterforbalance
Your cells are coated with sugars that store information and speak a secret language. What are they trying to tell us? Your blood type, for one -- and, potentially, that you have cancer. Chemical biologist Carolyn Bertozzi researches how sugars on cancerous cells interact with (and sometimes trick) your immune system. Learn more about how your body detects cancer and how the latest cancer-fighting medicines could help your immune system beat the disease. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Vos cellules sont enrobées de sucres qui contiennent des informations et parlent un langage secret. Qu'essaient-elles de nous dire ? Un, votre groupe sanguin-- et, éventuellement, que vous avez le cancer. La biologiste chimiste Carolyn Bertozzi recherche comment des sucres sur des cellules cancéreuses interagissent avec (et parfois trompent) votre système immunitaire. Apprenez-en davantage sur la façon dont l'organisme détecte le cancer et comment les nouveaux médicaments contre le cancer pourraient aider le système immunitaire à vaincre la maladie.
Las células están recubiertas con azúcares que almacenan información y hablan un idioma secreto. ¿Qué están tratando de decirnos? El tipo de sangre al menos y, quizá, que tiene cáncer. La bióloga química Carolyn Bertozzi investiga cómo los azúcares en las células cancerosas interactúan con (y en ocasiones engañan) al sistema inmune. Aprende más sobre cómo el cuerpo detecta al cáncer y cómo los últimos medicamentos contra el cáncer podrían ayudar al sistema inmunológico a vencer la enfermedad.
Suas células são revestidas com açúcares que armazenam informações e falam uma linguagem secreta. O que eles estão tentando nos dizer? Seu tipo sanguíneo, primeiramente, e potencialmente, quer dizer que você tem câncer. A bioquímica Carolyn Bertozzi pesquisa como os açúcares nas células cancerosas interagem com (e às vezes enganam) seu sistema imunológico. Aprenda mais sobre como o seu corpo detecta o câncer e como os mais recentes medicamentos de combate à doença poderiam ajudar o seu sistema imune a derrotá-la.
Unsere Zellen sind mit Zucker überzogen, die Informationen gespeichert haben, die sie mit uns teilen möchten. Aber was versuchen sie uns zu sagen? Zum einen unsere Blutgruppe und zum anderen, ob wir Krebs haben. Die Biochemikerin Carolyn Bertozzi untersucht, wie die Zucker auf Krebszellen mit unserem Immunsystem interagieren und es manchmal sogar in die Irre führen. Erfahren Sie mehr darüber, wie unser Körper Krebs aufspürt und wie neueste Medikamente unserem Immunsystem helfen können, eine mögliche Krebserkrankung abzuwehren.
Your cells are coated with sugars that store information and speak a secret language. What are they trying to tell us? Your blood type, for one -- and, potentially, that you have cancer. Chemical biologist Carolyn Bertozzi researches how sugars on cancerous cells interact with (and sometimes trick) your immune system. Learn more about how your body detects cancer and how the latest cancer-fighting medicines could help your immune system beat the disease.
The Future of Everything with Russ Altman "Carolyn Bertozzi: How the sugars on the surface of human cells affect our health" In the Future of Everything radio show, Stanford’s Russ Altman and Carolyn Bertozzi discuss the sugars on human cells and how understanding them can yield new medical treatments. Originally aired on SiriusXM on April 08, 2017. Originally aired on SiriusXM on April 08, 2017.
In the Future of Everything radio show, Stanford bioengineer Russ Altman and chemist Carolyn Bertozzi discuss the biology of sugars on human cells and their role in potentially revolutionary cancer treatments. She also discusses cutting-edge new ways to detect HIV, type 1 diabetes, and other diseases early.
Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Chemical and Systems Biology and Radiology at Stanford University. She is also an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Carolyn received her undergraduate training in Chemistry at Harvard University and was awarded her PhD in Chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. She went on to complete postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Francisco and then accepted a faculty position at UC, Berkeley. Carolyn just recently joined the faculty at Stanford in 2015. She is the recipient of the UCSF 150th Anniversary Alumni Excellence Award, the Hans Bloemendal Award from Radboud University, the Heinrich Wieland Prize, the Royal Society of Chemistry Organic Division Bioorganic Chemistry Award, the Lemelson-MIT Prize for Inventors, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, and many other national and international awards and honors. In addition, Carolyn is an elected Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Carolyn is with us today to tell us all about her journey through life and science.
Classes for the school year begin this week at Stanford University. New to the faculty is Carolyn Bertozzi, an American chemist who made her name across the bay at Berkeley and was wooed to Stanford by a chance to do research and teach chemistry in a new interdisciplinary institute known as ChEM-H. The institute will bring chemists, engineers, biologists and medical doctors together to understand life at a chemical level. We’ve often heard of biology and engineering institutes, or bringing bio and IT. This institute ups the ante and includes chemistry and medicine.
The Voyteks created the Brain Systems, Connections, Associations, and Network Relationships engine, or brainSCANr. The tool is used to explore the relationships between different terms in peer reviewed publications. http://brainscanr.com/TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next Speaker 2: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum [00:00:30] the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 3: Good afternoon. I'm Rick Karnofsky. Brad swift and I are the hosts of today's show. We're speaking with Jessica and Bradley Vojtech. Jessica is a designer and a developer who earned her master's of information management and systems here at cal and has [00:01:00] worked on several UC Berkeley websites. She's also working on the future of science education through projects like ned the neuron. Brad is in NIH, N N I g m s postdoctoral fellow at ucs f. He got his phd from cal. He's a prolific blogger and Zombie expert. The void techs are here to talk about brain systems, connections and associations and network relationships or brain scanner. This website helps people explore [00:01:30] how neuroscience terms relate to one another in the peer reviewed literature. They've documented their project in our recent journal of neuroscience methods paper. Speaker 4: Brad and Jessica, welcome to spectrum. Thank you for having us. Thanks. Can you tell us a little bit about brain scanner? Actually, I was at a conference here at cal hell by the CSA, so the cognitive science student association and Undergraduate Association here at cal that they had several neuroscientists and cognitive scientists come and give presentations and I was one of those people. I [00:02:00] was on a panel with a Stanford cognitive scientists at the end of the day. It was a Q and a. We got into a question about what can be known in the neurosciences and I had mentioned that the peer reviewed neuroscientific literature probably smarter than we are. There's something like 3 million peer reviewed neuroscientific publications and I was saying that that is just too many. There is no way for anybody to to integrate all of those facts and I said if there some automated or algorithmic way of doing that, we could probably find some neat stuff out and he disagreed with me pretty strongly on the panel [00:02:30] and I sort of stewed on that for awhile. Speaker 4: That ended up becoming the brain scanner project actually, which is using text mining to look at how different topics in the neurosciences relate to one another. We had conversation about this and I had just started about six months before my a master's program at the School of Information. So all of the stuff that he was saying really jived with what I was learning. So we got together after that. We talked about it off and on sort of over dinner and stuff occasionally, but I think it was [00:03:00] right around won't. Right, right before we found out you were pregnant. Right, right around Christmas when we first actually sat down together to work on it and that was just a random evening. We didn't have, well, we didn't have a baby at the time, so we didn't have much else to do. Brad was working on this thing and he said, you know, I've been working on this all day. Speaker 4: I'm trying to get this algorithm to work and see if we can get any results out of this. And I kind of challenged him. I said, I can do that faster than you can started taking my course. I had [00:03:30] all of these new skills that I just wanted to kind of show off. And I did. She actually beat me. You guys were both sort of where we were. We're basically coding. Yeah. We're sitting on the couch. Not really cause we weren't actually doing it together. We are using two different competitor competing. Exactly. So who do you see as the audience for brain scanner? Well I know the answer to that someone. Right. So I have colleagues who tell me a lot of Grad students actually mostly a who say that they use it as a stop for [00:04:00] searching. The peer reviewed neuroscientific literature. So pub med, which is the surface run by the National Library of medicine, which is part of the national institutes for health index is a lot of these peer reviewed biomedical journals. Speaker 4: Their search engine is quite good but it returns just textual information. You know, you just, you see the 20 most recently published papers or you know, however you want to sort it related to the search term or of interest. Yeah. So basically anybody who wants to create an app can get access to this data. You have to follow certain [00:04:30] rules, but otherwise you can get the information out of this database easily. In a, in a sort of standard format, we provide a graphic or a visualization layer on top of the search so you can put in one of these search terms and you can see here are the topics that relate to it very strongly in literature. Statistically speaking, you know, uh, by that I mean here are the words or terms that show up a lot in papers with the term memory for example. We also then list the papers that are related and you can see the full list of terms and [00:05:00] how it relates to different topics and things like that. Um, if I want to look at a brain region and say, okay, what are the other brain regions that are related to this can really quickly visually see that based upon these 3 million publications that we, we searched through Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: you are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking to with user interface developer, Jessica Vojtech. And neuroscientists, Bradley Wojciech about brain scanner Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: [00:05:30] do you see other potentially valuable ways you can harness PubMed's data or other reference sources? Yeah, absolutely. So one of the aspects actually of the paper that we published was ways to address that, that very question. Uh, initially we tried to publish the paper just as a here's a, here's a resource or one of the editor's version on that rejected the paper, said, you know, what, what can you do with this? And a, of course, you know, this is something we've been thinking about. And [00:06:00] so I tried to build a proof of concept. So one of the, one of the things that we showed statistically speaking that you can do with this, does the data they call hypothesis generation or semiautomated hypothesis generation. And this works off of a very simple idea. Um, it's almost like recommend their algorithms and um, like linkedin or Facebook or something like that. Speaker 4: You know, it's like if you know this person, you might know this person, kind of a friend of a friend should be a friend idea. You know, Rick and I, I know you and you know Rick, maybe you have a friend named Jim. And so statistically speaking, [00:06:30] Jim and I might get along right because you and I get along and you, and he'd get along, especially if I and Jim get along. And so you can go through algorithmically and say, you know, in the literature if Migraine for example, which is the example you give in the paper, uh, is strongly related to a neurotransmitter Serotonin, which I didn't know before we made the website actually, um, that in the medical literature there's a whole serotonin hypothesis from migraines I guess because Migraines respond to, uh, antidepressants, which are usually serotonergic drugs. So anyway, Serotonin [00:07:00] and Migraines are very strongly related and neuroscientists know a lot about the basic physiology of Serotonin, where in the brain is expressed and things like that. Speaker 4: And so on the neuroscience side, we know that Serotonin is very strongly expressed in, in a brain region called the striatum, which is sort of deep frontal part of the brain. And, uh, there's thousands of papers that talk about Serotonin and Migraines and Serotonin in this brain region, the striatum respectively, but there's only 19 papers or something like that to talk about that brain region and migraines. [00:07:30] And so statistically speaking, maybe we're missing something here, right? Maybe just nobody's really looked at this connection between migraines in that brain region. Maybe there aren't papers published on it because people have looked and there's nothing there. But, uh, that's why it's somewhat automated. You can go through this list of recommended hypotheses and you as an expert, I can go through that list and say, oh, some of these are nonsense. Or Oh, that's, that could be interesting. Speaker 4: Maybe. Maybe we should look into that. So it gives you a low hanging fruit basically. Yeah. And so that would be something [00:08:00] eventually I would like to build into the site. Are you continuing to analyze new papers as they enter in pub med? We haven't rerun it for awhile. I think there's something on the order of 10,000 new papers published every month in the neurosciences. But when you're standing in the face of 3 million, it's sort of drop in the bucket. So we, we worry running it every month or two. Um, but the results really don't change very quickly. Right. It's pretty stable. So yes, we, we should actually [00:08:30] run it again. It's been about six months or so. If you guys actually like, well I mean as a or perhaps how, you know, the ideas in the literature might change. For instance, that's actually something that I did do. Speaker 4: Um, I eliminated the searches to just bring the regions, so how different brain regions relate to each other across time. So I did a search for all papers published up to like 1905, which wasn't very many. Of course not in your, you know, you have an exponential increase in the number of being published. Okay. But then again, I ran it again for all papers published to like up to 1935, [00:09:00] 55, 75, 95 and you know, 2005, right? Uh, or 2011. And you could actually see how our understanding of how different brain regions relate change over time. And that was kind of neat. Um, if I was going to be a little bit statistically, uh, stronger about this, what I should have done in the original paper, and I didn't think about it until after we republished it was I should've run the semiautomated hypothesis generation algorithm, uh, on a limited amount of data. So I test data set up to like say 1990 [00:09:30] and then found plausible hypotheses from that Dataset and then run it again on the entire thing and see, you know, if we had found new things. And you know, if that corroborated what we've learned in the last 22 years. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: you're listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking with Brad and Jessica Vojtech about brain scanner. They're a site to show links [00:10:00] that may exist between brain structures, cognitive functions, neurological disorders, and more as data mined from the academic literature. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: I mean this is a side side project for us. Yeah, Speaker 1: it was two weeks in $11 and 50 cents. And what did that go to? Um, coffee and coffee. Yeah. [00:10:30] Um, no it, it went into the Google app engine server time. So we actually were able to use Google app engine to distribute the processing, which is also what made mind my code a little bit quicker to run through all of this data. Speaker 4: I was doing single queries at a time and because we have 800 terms in the database and we have to do how every term relates to every other term, it's 800 squared,Speaker 1: try to buy two essentially. And then there's the roundtrip between between his your machine and the um, [00:11:00] pub met database. So, you know, you're making requests, you're making requests, making requests anyway. It was maybe three days, three days or four days. And I was able to do it in about two hours by um, putting it into the cloud and using app engine. So that $11 and 50 cents went to paying for the service and agree to say a hundred squared divided by two minus 800 a lot. So do you want to talk about how that dictionary of keywords was generated? Speaker 4: Initially I [00:11:30] had wanted to try and figure out how brain regions relate this. This grew out of my phd work actually at Berkeley. I worked with Professor Bob Knight who used to be the head of the neurosciences institute, Helen Wells neuroscience here. And my phd thesis was looking at how to brain regions, the prefrontal cortex and the Basal Ganglia related to working memory. And as I was standing for my qualifying exams, I was trying to figure out, okay, what are the brain regions that send inputs to [00:12:00] [inaudible], which is one of the parts of the Basal Ganglia and where he dies this ride in project two. And in order to figure that out, I spent, I don't know, two months off and on three months off and on over at the biomedical library here, digging through old, uh, anatomical papers from the 1970s and basically drawing little hand-drawn charts to try and figure out how these things connected. Speaker 4: And it really surprised me. It was frustrating because you know, here we are in, well, when [00:12:30] I was doing this, it was like 2008 right? And all I wanted to know is how different brain regions connect. And I was like, why can't I just go to a website and say, okay, striatum, what are its inputs and outputs? Like we have that information, right? Why can't I do that? Um, and so anyway, that was one of the motivating factors for me also. And there's actually a paper published in 2002 called neuro names. And then this researcher was trying to create an ontology of, of brain region names Ryan. So the terms that we use now in 2012 aren't necessarily [00:13:00] the same that people were using back in 1900 when they were first describing the basic anatomy. And so you have some Latin names for brain regions. Speaker 4: You have modern names for brain regions, you have names for different groupings of brain regions. So I referred earlier to the base like Ganglia, uh, and that is composed of, you know, maybe five different brain regions. And if I talk about three of those brain regions, uh, can I give examples? Is the putamen and the Globus Pallidus, uh, Globus Pallidus is actually contained [00:13:30] of two separate ones. And the putamen and Globus Pallidus if you combine them together or known by one name. But if you combine the putamen with the striatum, that's a different name. And so you actually have these weird venn diagram overlapping naming Schema. Speaker 1: There's a significant vocabulary problem, which is the term that we use in the information sciences. Basically the fact that you have multiple names for the same thing and you have the same name for some different things. So you know this venn diagram idea. Um, so yeah, [00:14:00] if you're going to use a very simple search algorithm, you have, you can't do it, you wouldn't, you're not going to get all of the results. So, um, I think our system tries to solve that vocabulary problem a little bit. Speaker 4: And then there's actually a researcher, um, Russ Poltrack drag, who used to be a faculty of neuroscience at UCLA and I think he's in University of Texas now. And he actually tried to create an ontology for cognitive term. So in cognitive science and psychology and cognitive neuroscience, you know, we have terms like working memory [00:14:30] and attention and in they're trying to create a whole ontology for how these different things really. So like working memory as part of memory, which you know, in memory also contains a longterm memory. And so we'll use his first attempt as a dictionary as well. And then we went to the NIH website and they've got a listing of all these different kinds of neurological disorders and we use that. So we pulled a bunch of publicly available data basically and use those dictionaries as our starting point. Speaker 1: And then we [00:15:00] also took suggestions from the people on our website almost immediately we started getting requests for more and different terms. So you had the, when you find two keywords that appear in a paper together, you assume that they're actually related. Can you comment on if people might have demonstrated that they're not actually related, how does that affect your system? Like some, like an instance in which, uh, it says this brain region is not connected to this other [00:15:30] brain region, right? Um, yes, we have assumed that there's a publication bias that if there is not a connection then someone does not publish a paper about that. Speaker 4: Okay. And negative publications or negative findings go very under reported in the scientific literature. Speaker 1: Right. So we're hopefully taking advantage of that. Hopefully the law of large numbers means that our data is mostly correct and it does seem to be that way. The example that Brad gave, uh, with the Allen Brain Atlas, [00:16:00] that there is certain corroborating evidence that seems to suggest that this is a, at least plausible connections. There's obviously no one say that better. No, that's perfectly scientifically accurate. I tend to get a little bit specific when I'm talking about this kind of stuff. Speaker 4: Is there already some sort of bias that might drive certain kinds of papers up? If the paper has a lot of buzzwords, perhaps it suddenly becomes more important. Do you 100% yes, absolutely. There are always [00:16:30] hot topics. Uh, and that shows up for sure Speaker 1: only because there's more papers published on that subject. We don't currently have a any kind of waiting per paper. Speaker 4: Yeah. Like when you go into the website and you'd do something like, um, there's a brain region called the Amygdala and you know, it'll be very strongly associated with fear. And so that's actually one of my concerns is problem getting these biases. So, you know, there's a lot of literature on this brain region, the Amygdala and how it relates to fear, but it certainly does a lot more than just processing fear, [00:17:00] right? It's this general emotional affective labeling sort of idea that anyway, that's, that's neuroscience specific stuff, you know, and brain region called the insula and disgust or love or you know, these other kinds of strong emotions. And so yeah, it definitely reflects certain biases as well. And we, we try and quantify that even to an extent a little bit. So again, using the Allen Brain Atlas data, we show from our Dataset, what are the top five brain regions that express or that are related to dopamine, for example. Speaker 4: And in the real human brain, what are the top five brain [00:17:30] regions that express dopaminergic related genes? And you can actually see that there's a very clear bias. So one of the regions that expresses dobutamine very strongly is very hard to study. Neuroscientifically speaking. It's, it's deepen deep part of the brain. It's hard to get any, it's very small, so you can't get it from like brain scanning expresses a lot of dopamine, but people don't study it and we can actually quantify then some of these under-studied relationships, right? We're like, here's a brain region that we know expresses a lot of dopamine, but there's a a hundred papers only and another [00:18:00] brain region that's very sexy and too about domain has 10,000 papers. Right? So our system shows you an example well of the current state of scientific literature. So it's not necessarily 100% correct, but it reflects what scientists think as a whole at this point. Yeah, I agree. And we try and be very careful about that in the paper and in talking about it like we are right now Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: [00:18:30] you are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking with user interface developer, Jessica Vojtech and neuroscientist Bradley Vojtech about brain scanner. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: I was really surprised you. I taught neuro anatomy for three semesters here at Berkeley and you know, so I know the anatomy pretty well. And on your first ran it, I had one of those like yes, kind [00:19:00] of moments like I can't believe this work because it really does find all of these clusters really nicely. And that was a very pleasant surprise because technically speaking it couldn't have been any other way. Like it just has to, you know, I mean these topics co-occur a lot, so it should be that way, but it's always nice to see something like that work. Brian, I wanted to ask about the journals that you sent the paper off too. How did you pick them? Art Of picking a journal where to send a paper. It's actually really hard. So certain journals get [00:19:30] more readership than others. And then there's the open access factor. Speaker 4: So I'm, I'm a big open science, open data advocate and so I try and shoot for that. I had forgotten, there's actually sort of a, a very wide protest of Elsevier, which is one of the publishing companies right now. And the journal that published my papers and Elsevier Journal, but, uh, I had signed the petition and I was part of that Nash shortly thereafter. That would have impacted my decision had I been thinking about it. Yeah. And yeah, so it's mainly a balance between readership and expectation and you sort [00:20:00] of get a feel after publishing a few papers of what editors are looking for. And so yeah, I am the one that has experience with navigating the academic publishing environment. Yeah. So yeah, we sent it out to a lot of journals and, uh, mostly it didn't pass editorial review, which means that there's an editor that decides whether or not conceptually it will be interesting for their journal to publish it once got center review at a journal and they're like, well, it was sort of torn. Speaker 4: There were four reviewers, four pure reviewers, [00:20:30] and two of them were fairly enthusiastic and the other two are like, this is cool, but so what? Right. Um, and the general consensus was it didn't fit with the theme of the Journal. The Journal of neuroscience methods point really well and your reviewers are very, and um, actually there's a figure at the end of the paper where we did some integration with the Allen Brain. Alice Paul Allen, one of the co founders of Microsoft who is a cuisine heir, has put half a billion dollars into this institute. [00:21:00] Initially the goal was to map, uh, the expression of all of these different genes in the human brain, in the mouse brain, and they made all that data publicly available. And so we use that as a test data set. So we said, okay, where are these different, uh, neurotransmitter related genes actually expressed in the brain and what does our system think about wearing the brain? These neurotransmitters are, there's a week but significant correlation between the two, which suggests that our system reflects actual reality to a certain extent at least. [00:21:30] And that was a suggestion I got from one of the peer reviewers and that was really good. It was a lot of extra work, but it ended up being a really good addition to the paper. Speaker 1: But both of you guys are involved in science education and science outreach. So I was hoping you can comment on that. I'm actually starting a project with a friend of mine building a neuroscience kids books. So we're going to teach neuroscience to elementary school kids with an electronic ebook featuring the neuron. Yes, featured his name is ned the neuron. He's a pure middle cell and he works in the motor cortex of the brain. [00:22:00] And is the neuroscience focus partly driven by bad or do you have any sort of personal interest in as well? I do have a personal interest in and I, I, you know, obviously it's convenient that my husband is a neuroscientist, but actually the character and the original story idea is my partners who's also a neuroscientist and phd in neuroscience here at cal here at cal. Speaker 4: Yeah. I get this question a fair amount. Like why do I do blogging and outreach and things like that. So there's actually a few answers to that. One I find blogging, uh, helps me [00:22:30] do better science. If I have to figure out a very simple way of explaining something, then I feel like I understand it better. It's sort of like one of the best ways to learn something is by trying to teach it. Right. I had a very strange path to academia. I actually got kicked out as an undergraduate from the university. I had to sort of beg my way back in because my grades were pretty low. You know, a couple of people help me out along the way and that were pretty important to me. And I think a lot of Grad students have this experience where they, they feel like they don't belong there in in sense that like, oh [00:23:00] my God, I'm not smart enough to do this. Speaker 4: You know? And when I look at the resumes or cvs of, you know, tenured faculty here at Berkeley, right? It's just paper after paper and award and amazing achievement and you're just like struggling to even understand how to write a paper and it seems just like this daunting, intractable problem. And so because of that, I actually have a section in my CV where I actually list every time a paper has been rejected. I've actually had graduate students tell me that. That's been kind of Nice to see that you know, you see somebody who's doing pretty well and you see that, you know, in order to get there [00:23:30] you sort of have to slog through a lot of crap. Speaker 1: Did you plan to work together some more? I think so. You know, we're obviously working together to raise a son right now. We actually were talking on the way over here about trying to implement some of the ideas we've Speaker 4: been talking about that people have suggested. I think we could definitely do that. Yeah, there's definitely a lot of overlap. I'm very interested in dynamic data visualization and that's something that Jesse's is obviously getting quite quite good at and so I'd [00:24:00] like to start doing that for a lot of my research papers as well. Brad and Jess, thanks for joining us. Oh, thank you very much for having us. Thank you so much for having us. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 6: and now for some science news headlines. Here's Renee Rao and Brad sweet Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 7: [00:24:30] the Berkeley new center reports researchers at the University of California Berkeley are gathering evidence this fall that the Feisty Fox squirrels scampering around campus or not just mindlessly foraging for food but engaging in a long term savings strategy to track the nut stashing activity. The student researchers are using GPS technology to record all of the food burials and in the process are creating [00:25:00] an elaborate map showing every campus tree building and garbage can. Miquel Delgado a doctorial student in psychology heads the squirrel research team in the laboratory of UC Berkeley, psychologist Luchea Jacobs. The research team is replicating the caching experiment on humans by timing students as they burry Easter eggs on campus and try to find them. We're using humans as a model for squirrel behavior to ask questions that we can't ask. Squirrels still got us said the group has a cow squirrels website to promote their work. Speaker 6: [00:25:30] UC Berkeley professor of cell and molecular biology and chemistry. Carolyn Bertozzi has won the 2012 Heinrich Violin prize. Professor Bartow Z has founded the field of bio orthogonal chemistry. In her groundbreaking approach, she creatively exploits the benefits of synthetic chemistry to study the vital processes within living beings. Professor Dr Volk Gang Baumeister, chair of the board of Trustees of the Heinrich Violin Prize says of Professor Berto z. [00:26:00] Her breakthrough method to identify sugar patterns on the cell surface is a milestone for our understanding of the functions of sugars in health and disease and paves the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Speaker 3: Irregular feature of spectrum is a calendar of some of the science and technology related events happening in the bay area over the next two weeks. Brad swift and Renee Rao join me for this. The second annual Bay Area Science Festival is wrapping up this weekend. [00:26:30] Highlights include art in science and gallery gala showing the intersection of image and research tonight at the Berkeley Arts Festival, Gallery Science superheros tonight at the Tech Museum in San Jose and discovery days at at and t park tomorrow November 3rd from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM last year more than 21,000 people showed up to this free event this year. There are more than 150 exhibits. Visit Bay area science.org for more information about any of these [00:27:00] great activities and to see their regular calendar of science goings on. Speaker 6: Big Ideas. Berkeley is an annual innovation contest that provides funding, support, and encouragement to interdisciplinary teams of UC undergraduate and graduate students who have big ideas. The pre-proposal entry deadline is 5:00 PM November six 2012 all pre-proposals must be submitted via the online application on the big ideas website. Remember there are big idea advisers to help students craft [00:27:30] their pre-proposals. You can drop in at room 100 Blum hall during scheduled hours or email advisers to schedule an appointment at another time. Check the big ideas website for advisor times or to make an appointment. There will also be an editing blitz November 5th from five to 8:00 PM in room, 100 of bloom hall advisors and past winters will be available to provide applicants with valuable last-minute insights and advice on your pre-proposal. This is a great opportunity to hone your proposal and get support from those [00:28:00] who know what it takes to build a successful big idea. The big ideas website is big ideas.berkeley.edu Speaker 7: on November 8th the center for ethnographic research will hold a colloquium to understand cancer treatment trajectories using an array of ethnographic data. The Speaker Daniel Dohan and associate professor in the Phillip r Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies. We'll discuss this research about inequality and culture with a focus on cancer. He will focus on his most recent study which examines how patients [00:28:30] with advanced diseases find out about and decide whether to participate in clinical trials of new cancer drugs. The event, which is free and open to the public, will be held from four to 5:30 PM at 25 38 Channing waySpeaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: the music you [00:29:00] heard during say show was spend less on and David from his album book and Acoustic, it is released under a creative Commons license version 3.0 spectrum was recorded and edited by me, Rick Karnofsky, and by Brad Swift. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com [00:29:30] join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
The Voyteks created the Brain Systems, Connections, Associations, and Network Relationships engine, or brainSCANr. The tool is used to explore the relationships between different terms in peer reviewed publications. http://brainscanr.com/TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next Speaker 2: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum [00:00:30] the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 3: Good afternoon. I'm Rick Karnofsky. Brad swift and I are the hosts of today's show. We're speaking with Jessica and Bradley Vojtech. Jessica is a designer and a developer who earned her master's of information management and systems here at cal and has [00:01:00] worked on several UC Berkeley websites. She's also working on the future of science education through projects like ned the neuron. Brad is in NIH, N N I g m s postdoctoral fellow at ucs f. He got his phd from cal. He's a prolific blogger and Zombie expert. The void techs are here to talk about brain systems, connections and associations and network relationships or brain scanner. This website helps people explore [00:01:30] how neuroscience terms relate to one another in the peer reviewed literature. They've documented their project in our recent journal of neuroscience methods paper. Speaker 4: Brad and Jessica, welcome to spectrum. Thank you for having us. Thanks. Can you tell us a little bit about brain scanner? Actually, I was at a conference here at cal hell by the CSA, so the cognitive science student association and Undergraduate Association here at cal that they had several neuroscientists and cognitive scientists come and give presentations and I was one of those people. I [00:02:00] was on a panel with a Stanford cognitive scientists at the end of the day. It was a Q and a. We got into a question about what can be known in the neurosciences and I had mentioned that the peer reviewed neuroscientific literature probably smarter than we are. There's something like 3 million peer reviewed neuroscientific publications and I was saying that that is just too many. There is no way for anybody to to integrate all of those facts and I said if there some automated or algorithmic way of doing that, we could probably find some neat stuff out and he disagreed with me pretty strongly on the panel [00:02:30] and I sort of stewed on that for awhile. Speaker 4: That ended up becoming the brain scanner project actually, which is using text mining to look at how different topics in the neurosciences relate to one another. We had conversation about this and I had just started about six months before my a master's program at the School of Information. So all of the stuff that he was saying really jived with what I was learning. So we got together after that. We talked about it off and on sort of over dinner and stuff occasionally, but I think it was [00:03:00] right around won't. Right, right before we found out you were pregnant. Right, right around Christmas when we first actually sat down together to work on it and that was just a random evening. We didn't have, well, we didn't have a baby at the time, so we didn't have much else to do. Brad was working on this thing and he said, you know, I've been working on this all day. Speaker 4: I'm trying to get this algorithm to work and see if we can get any results out of this. And I kind of challenged him. I said, I can do that faster than you can started taking my course. I had [00:03:30] all of these new skills that I just wanted to kind of show off. And I did. She actually beat me. You guys were both sort of where we were. We're basically coding. Yeah. We're sitting on the couch. Not really cause we weren't actually doing it together. We are using two different competitor competing. Exactly. So who do you see as the audience for brain scanner? Well I know the answer to that someone. Right. So I have colleagues who tell me a lot of Grad students actually mostly a who say that they use it as a stop for [00:04:00] searching. The peer reviewed neuroscientific literature. So pub med, which is the surface run by the National Library of medicine, which is part of the national institutes for health index is a lot of these peer reviewed biomedical journals. Speaker 4: Their search engine is quite good but it returns just textual information. You know, you just, you see the 20 most recently published papers or you know, however you want to sort it related to the search term or of interest. Yeah. So basically anybody who wants to create an app can get access to this data. You have to follow certain [00:04:30] rules, but otherwise you can get the information out of this database easily. In a, in a sort of standard format, we provide a graphic or a visualization layer on top of the search so you can put in one of these search terms and you can see here are the topics that relate to it very strongly in literature. Statistically speaking, you know, uh, by that I mean here are the words or terms that show up a lot in papers with the term memory for example. We also then list the papers that are related and you can see the full list of terms and [00:05:00] how it relates to different topics and things like that. Um, if I want to look at a brain region and say, okay, what are the other brain regions that are related to this can really quickly visually see that based upon these 3 million publications that we, we searched through Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: you are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking to with user interface developer, Jessica Vojtech. And neuroscientists, Bradley Wojciech about brain scanner Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: [00:05:30] do you see other potentially valuable ways you can harness PubMed's data or other reference sources? Yeah, absolutely. So one of the aspects actually of the paper that we published was ways to address that, that very question. Uh, initially we tried to publish the paper just as a here's a, here's a resource or one of the editor's version on that rejected the paper, said, you know, what, what can you do with this? And a, of course, you know, this is something we've been thinking about. And [00:06:00] so I tried to build a proof of concept. So one of the, one of the things that we showed statistically speaking that you can do with this, does the data they call hypothesis generation or semiautomated hypothesis generation. And this works off of a very simple idea. Um, it's almost like recommend their algorithms and um, like linkedin or Facebook or something like that. Speaker 4: You know, it's like if you know this person, you might know this person, kind of a friend of a friend should be a friend idea. You know, Rick and I, I know you and you know Rick, maybe you have a friend named Jim. And so statistically speaking, [00:06:30] Jim and I might get along right because you and I get along and you, and he'd get along, especially if I and Jim get along. And so you can go through algorithmically and say, you know, in the literature if Migraine for example, which is the example you give in the paper, uh, is strongly related to a neurotransmitter Serotonin, which I didn't know before we made the website actually, um, that in the medical literature there's a whole serotonin hypothesis from migraines I guess because Migraines respond to, uh, antidepressants, which are usually serotonergic drugs. So anyway, Serotonin [00:07:00] and Migraines are very strongly related and neuroscientists know a lot about the basic physiology of Serotonin, where in the brain is expressed and things like that. Speaker 4: And so on the neuroscience side, we know that Serotonin is very strongly expressed in, in a brain region called the striatum, which is sort of deep frontal part of the brain. And, uh, there's thousands of papers that talk about Serotonin and Migraines and Serotonin in this brain region, the striatum respectively, but there's only 19 papers or something like that to talk about that brain region and migraines. [00:07:30] And so statistically speaking, maybe we're missing something here, right? Maybe just nobody's really looked at this connection between migraines in that brain region. Maybe there aren't papers published on it because people have looked and there's nothing there. But, uh, that's why it's somewhat automated. You can go through this list of recommended hypotheses and you as an expert, I can go through that list and say, oh, some of these are nonsense. Or Oh, that's, that could be interesting. Speaker 4: Maybe. Maybe we should look into that. So it gives you a low hanging fruit basically. Yeah. And so that would be something [00:08:00] eventually I would like to build into the site. Are you continuing to analyze new papers as they enter in pub med? We haven't rerun it for awhile. I think there's something on the order of 10,000 new papers published every month in the neurosciences. But when you're standing in the face of 3 million, it's sort of drop in the bucket. So we, we worry running it every month or two. Um, but the results really don't change very quickly. Right. It's pretty stable. So yes, we, we should actually [00:08:30] run it again. It's been about six months or so. If you guys actually like, well I mean as a or perhaps how, you know, the ideas in the literature might change. For instance, that's actually something that I did do. Speaker 4: Um, I eliminated the searches to just bring the regions, so how different brain regions relate to each other across time. So I did a search for all papers published up to like 1905, which wasn't very many. Of course not in your, you know, you have an exponential increase in the number of being published. Okay. But then again, I ran it again for all papers published to like up to 1935, [00:09:00] 55, 75, 95 and you know, 2005, right? Uh, or 2011. And you could actually see how our understanding of how different brain regions relate change over time. And that was kind of neat. Um, if I was going to be a little bit statistically, uh, stronger about this, what I should have done in the original paper, and I didn't think about it until after we republished it was I should've run the semiautomated hypothesis generation algorithm, uh, on a limited amount of data. So I test data set up to like say 1990 [00:09:30] and then found plausible hypotheses from that Dataset and then run it again on the entire thing and see, you know, if we had found new things. And you know, if that corroborated what we've learned in the last 22 years. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: you're listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking with Brad and Jessica Vojtech about brain scanner. They're a site to show links [00:10:00] that may exist between brain structures, cognitive functions, neurological disorders, and more as data mined from the academic literature. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: I mean this is a side side project for us. Yeah, Speaker 1: it was two weeks in $11 and 50 cents. And what did that go to? Um, coffee and coffee. Yeah. [00:10:30] Um, no it, it went into the Google app engine server time. So we actually were able to use Google app engine to distribute the processing, which is also what made mind my code a little bit quicker to run through all of this data. Speaker 4: I was doing single queries at a time and because we have 800 terms in the database and we have to do how every term relates to every other term, it's 800 squared,Speaker 1: try to buy two essentially. And then there's the roundtrip between between his your machine and the um, [00:11:00] pub met database. So, you know, you're making requests, you're making requests, making requests anyway. It was maybe three days, three days or four days. And I was able to do it in about two hours by um, putting it into the cloud and using app engine. So that $11 and 50 cents went to paying for the service and agree to say a hundred squared divided by two minus 800 a lot. So do you want to talk about how that dictionary of keywords was generated? Speaker 4: Initially I [00:11:30] had wanted to try and figure out how brain regions relate this. This grew out of my phd work actually at Berkeley. I worked with Professor Bob Knight who used to be the head of the neurosciences institute, Helen Wells neuroscience here. And my phd thesis was looking at how to brain regions, the prefrontal cortex and the Basal Ganglia related to working memory. And as I was standing for my qualifying exams, I was trying to figure out, okay, what are the brain regions that send inputs to [00:12:00] [inaudible], which is one of the parts of the Basal Ganglia and where he dies this ride in project two. And in order to figure that out, I spent, I don't know, two months off and on three months off and on over at the biomedical library here, digging through old, uh, anatomical papers from the 1970s and basically drawing little hand-drawn charts to try and figure out how these things connected. Speaker 4: And it really surprised me. It was frustrating because you know, here we are in, well, when [00:12:30] I was doing this, it was like 2008 right? And all I wanted to know is how different brain regions connect. And I was like, why can't I just go to a website and say, okay, striatum, what are its inputs and outputs? Like we have that information, right? Why can't I do that? Um, and so anyway, that was one of the motivating factors for me also. And there's actually a paper published in 2002 called neuro names. And then this researcher was trying to create an ontology of, of brain region names Ryan. So the terms that we use now in 2012 aren't necessarily [00:13:00] the same that people were using back in 1900 when they were first describing the basic anatomy. And so you have some Latin names for brain regions. Speaker 4: You have modern names for brain regions, you have names for different groupings of brain regions. So I referred earlier to the base like Ganglia, uh, and that is composed of, you know, maybe five different brain regions. And if I talk about three of those brain regions, uh, can I give examples? Is the putamen and the Globus Pallidus, uh, Globus Pallidus is actually contained [00:13:30] of two separate ones. And the putamen and Globus Pallidus if you combine them together or known by one name. But if you combine the putamen with the striatum, that's a different name. And so you actually have these weird venn diagram overlapping naming Schema. Speaker 1: There's a significant vocabulary problem, which is the term that we use in the information sciences. Basically the fact that you have multiple names for the same thing and you have the same name for some different things. So you know this venn diagram idea. Um, so yeah, [00:14:00] if you're going to use a very simple search algorithm, you have, you can't do it, you wouldn't, you're not going to get all of the results. So, um, I think our system tries to solve that vocabulary problem a little bit. Speaker 4: And then there's actually a researcher, um, Russ Poltrack drag, who used to be a faculty of neuroscience at UCLA and I think he's in University of Texas now. And he actually tried to create an ontology for cognitive term. So in cognitive science and psychology and cognitive neuroscience, you know, we have terms like working memory [00:14:30] and attention and in they're trying to create a whole ontology for how these different things really. So like working memory as part of memory, which you know, in memory also contains a longterm memory. And so we'll use his first attempt as a dictionary as well. And then we went to the NIH website and they've got a listing of all these different kinds of neurological disorders and we use that. So we pulled a bunch of publicly available data basically and use those dictionaries as our starting point. Speaker 1: And then we [00:15:00] also took suggestions from the people on our website almost immediately we started getting requests for more and different terms. So you had the, when you find two keywords that appear in a paper together, you assume that they're actually related. Can you comment on if people might have demonstrated that they're not actually related, how does that affect your system? Like some, like an instance in which, uh, it says this brain region is not connected to this other [00:15:30] brain region, right? Um, yes, we have assumed that there's a publication bias that if there is not a connection then someone does not publish a paper about that. Speaker 4: Okay. And negative publications or negative findings go very under reported in the scientific literature. Speaker 1: Right. So we're hopefully taking advantage of that. Hopefully the law of large numbers means that our data is mostly correct and it does seem to be that way. The example that Brad gave, uh, with the Allen Brain Atlas, [00:16:00] that there is certain corroborating evidence that seems to suggest that this is a, at least plausible connections. There's obviously no one say that better. No, that's perfectly scientifically accurate. I tend to get a little bit specific when I'm talking about this kind of stuff. Speaker 4: Is there already some sort of bias that might drive certain kinds of papers up? If the paper has a lot of buzzwords, perhaps it suddenly becomes more important. Do you 100% yes, absolutely. There are always [00:16:30] hot topics. Uh, and that shows up for sure Speaker 1: only because there's more papers published on that subject. We don't currently have a any kind of waiting per paper. Speaker 4: Yeah. Like when you go into the website and you'd do something like, um, there's a brain region called the Amygdala and you know, it'll be very strongly associated with fear. And so that's actually one of my concerns is problem getting these biases. So, you know, there's a lot of literature on this brain region, the Amygdala and how it relates to fear, but it certainly does a lot more than just processing fear, [00:17:00] right? It's this general emotional affective labeling sort of idea that anyway, that's, that's neuroscience specific stuff, you know, and brain region called the insula and disgust or love or you know, these other kinds of strong emotions. And so yeah, it definitely reflects certain biases as well. And we, we try and quantify that even to an extent a little bit. So again, using the Allen Brain Atlas data, we show from our Dataset, what are the top five brain regions that express or that are related to dopamine, for example. Speaker 4: And in the real human brain, what are the top five brain [00:17:30] regions that express dopaminergic related genes? And you can actually see that there's a very clear bias. So one of the regions that expresses dobutamine very strongly is very hard to study. Neuroscientifically speaking. It's, it's deepen deep part of the brain. It's hard to get any, it's very small, so you can't get it from like brain scanning expresses a lot of dopamine, but people don't study it and we can actually quantify then some of these under-studied relationships, right? We're like, here's a brain region that we know expresses a lot of dopamine, but there's a a hundred papers only and another [00:18:00] brain region that's very sexy and too about domain has 10,000 papers. Right? So our system shows you an example well of the current state of scientific literature. So it's not necessarily 100% correct, but it reflects what scientists think as a whole at this point. Yeah, I agree. And we try and be very careful about that in the paper and in talking about it like we are right now Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: [00:18:30] you are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're talking with user interface developer, Jessica Vojtech and neuroscientist Bradley Vojtech about brain scanner. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: I was really surprised you. I taught neuro anatomy for three semesters here at Berkeley and you know, so I know the anatomy pretty well. And on your first ran it, I had one of those like yes, kind [00:19:00] of moments like I can't believe this work because it really does find all of these clusters really nicely. And that was a very pleasant surprise because technically speaking it couldn't have been any other way. Like it just has to, you know, I mean these topics co-occur a lot, so it should be that way, but it's always nice to see something like that work. Brian, I wanted to ask about the journals that you sent the paper off too. How did you pick them? Art Of picking a journal where to send a paper. It's actually really hard. So certain journals get [00:19:30] more readership than others. And then there's the open access factor. Speaker 4: So I'm, I'm a big open science, open data advocate and so I try and shoot for that. I had forgotten, there's actually sort of a, a very wide protest of Elsevier, which is one of the publishing companies right now. And the journal that published my papers and Elsevier Journal, but, uh, I had signed the petition and I was part of that Nash shortly thereafter. That would have impacted my decision had I been thinking about it. Yeah. And yeah, so it's mainly a balance between readership and expectation and you sort [00:20:00] of get a feel after publishing a few papers of what editors are looking for. And so yeah, I am the one that has experience with navigating the academic publishing environment. Yeah. So yeah, we sent it out to a lot of journals and, uh, mostly it didn't pass editorial review, which means that there's an editor that decides whether or not conceptually it will be interesting for their journal to publish it once got center review at a journal and they're like, well, it was sort of torn. Speaker 4: There were four reviewers, four pure reviewers, [00:20:30] and two of them were fairly enthusiastic and the other two are like, this is cool, but so what? Right. Um, and the general consensus was it didn't fit with the theme of the Journal. The Journal of neuroscience methods point really well and your reviewers are very, and um, actually there's a figure at the end of the paper where we did some integration with the Allen Brain. Alice Paul Allen, one of the co founders of Microsoft who is a cuisine heir, has put half a billion dollars into this institute. [00:21:00] Initially the goal was to map, uh, the expression of all of these different genes in the human brain, in the mouse brain, and they made all that data publicly available. And so we use that as a test data set. So we said, okay, where are these different, uh, neurotransmitter related genes actually expressed in the brain and what does our system think about wearing the brain? These neurotransmitters are, there's a week but significant correlation between the two, which suggests that our system reflects actual reality to a certain extent at least. [00:21:30] And that was a suggestion I got from one of the peer reviewers and that was really good. It was a lot of extra work, but it ended up being a really good addition to the paper. Speaker 1: But both of you guys are involved in science education and science outreach. So I was hoping you can comment on that. I'm actually starting a project with a friend of mine building a neuroscience kids books. So we're going to teach neuroscience to elementary school kids with an electronic ebook featuring the neuron. Yes, featured his name is ned the neuron. He's a pure middle cell and he works in the motor cortex of the brain. [00:22:00] And is the neuroscience focus partly driven by bad or do you have any sort of personal interest in as well? I do have a personal interest in and I, I, you know, obviously it's convenient that my husband is a neuroscientist, but actually the character and the original story idea is my partners who's also a neuroscientist and phd in neuroscience here at cal here at cal. Speaker 4: Yeah. I get this question a fair amount. Like why do I do blogging and outreach and things like that. So there's actually a few answers to that. One I find blogging, uh, helps me [00:22:30] do better science. If I have to figure out a very simple way of explaining something, then I feel like I understand it better. It's sort of like one of the best ways to learn something is by trying to teach it. Right. I had a very strange path to academia. I actually got kicked out as an undergraduate from the university. I had to sort of beg my way back in because my grades were pretty low. You know, a couple of people help me out along the way and that were pretty important to me. And I think a lot of Grad students have this experience where they, they feel like they don't belong there in in sense that like, oh [00:23:00] my God, I'm not smart enough to do this. Speaker 4: You know? And when I look at the resumes or cvs of, you know, tenured faculty here at Berkeley, right? It's just paper after paper and award and amazing achievement and you're just like struggling to even understand how to write a paper and it seems just like this daunting, intractable problem. And so because of that, I actually have a section in my CV where I actually list every time a paper has been rejected. I've actually had graduate students tell me that. That's been kind of Nice to see that you know, you see somebody who's doing pretty well and you see that, you know, in order to get there [00:23:30] you sort of have to slog through a lot of crap. Speaker 1: Did you plan to work together some more? I think so. You know, we're obviously working together to raise a son right now. We actually were talking on the way over here about trying to implement some of the ideas we've Speaker 4: been talking about that people have suggested. I think we could definitely do that. Yeah, there's definitely a lot of overlap. I'm very interested in dynamic data visualization and that's something that Jesse's is obviously getting quite quite good at and so I'd [00:24:00] like to start doing that for a lot of my research papers as well. Brad and Jess, thanks for joining us. Oh, thank you very much for having us. Thank you so much for having us. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 6: and now for some science news headlines. Here's Renee Rao and Brad sweet Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 7: [00:24:30] the Berkeley new center reports researchers at the University of California Berkeley are gathering evidence this fall that the Feisty Fox squirrels scampering around campus or not just mindlessly foraging for food but engaging in a long term savings strategy to track the nut stashing activity. The student researchers are using GPS technology to record all of the food burials and in the process are creating [00:25:00] an elaborate map showing every campus tree building and garbage can. Miquel Delgado a doctorial student in psychology heads the squirrel research team in the laboratory of UC Berkeley, psychologist Luchea Jacobs. The research team is replicating the caching experiment on humans by timing students as they burry Easter eggs on campus and try to find them. We're using humans as a model for squirrel behavior to ask questions that we can't ask. Squirrels still got us said the group has a cow squirrels website to promote their work. Speaker 6: [00:25:30] UC Berkeley professor of cell and molecular biology and chemistry. Carolyn Bertozzi has won the 2012 Heinrich Violin prize. Professor Bartow Z has founded the field of bio orthogonal chemistry. In her groundbreaking approach, she creatively exploits the benefits of synthetic chemistry to study the vital processes within living beings. Professor Dr Volk Gang Baumeister, chair of the board of Trustees of the Heinrich Violin Prize says of Professor Berto z. [00:26:00] Her breakthrough method to identify sugar patterns on the cell surface is a milestone for our understanding of the functions of sugars in health and disease and paves the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Speaker 3: Irregular feature of spectrum is a calendar of some of the science and technology related events happening in the bay area over the next two weeks. Brad swift and Renee Rao join me for this. The second annual Bay Area Science Festival is wrapping up this weekend. [00:26:30] Highlights include art in science and gallery gala showing the intersection of image and research tonight at the Berkeley Arts Festival, Gallery Science superheros tonight at the Tech Museum in San Jose and discovery days at at and t park tomorrow November 3rd from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM last year more than 21,000 people showed up to this free event this year. There are more than 150 exhibits. Visit Bay area science.org for more information about any of these [00:27:00] great activities and to see their regular calendar of science goings on. Speaker 6: Big Ideas. Berkeley is an annual innovation contest that provides funding, support, and encouragement to interdisciplinary teams of UC undergraduate and graduate students who have big ideas. The pre-proposal entry deadline is 5:00 PM November six 2012 all pre-proposals must be submitted via the online application on the big ideas website. Remember there are big idea advisers to help students craft [00:27:30] their pre-proposals. You can drop in at room 100 Blum hall during scheduled hours or email advisers to schedule an appointment at another time. Check the big ideas website for advisor times or to make an appointment. There will also be an editing blitz November 5th from five to 8:00 PM in room, 100 of bloom hall advisors and past winters will be available to provide applicants with valuable last-minute insights and advice on your pre-proposal. This is a great opportunity to hone your proposal and get support from those [00:28:00] who know what it takes to build a successful big idea. The big ideas website is big ideas.berkeley.edu Speaker 7: on November 8th the center for ethnographic research will hold a colloquium to understand cancer treatment trajectories using an array of ethnographic data. The Speaker Daniel Dohan and associate professor in the Phillip r Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies. We'll discuss this research about inequality and culture with a focus on cancer. He will focus on his most recent study which examines how patients [00:28:30] with advanced diseases find out about and decide whether to participate in clinical trials of new cancer drugs. The event, which is free and open to the public, will be held from four to 5:30 PM at 25 38 Channing waySpeaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 5: the music you [00:29:00] heard during say show was spend less on and David from his album book and Acoustic, it is released under a creative Commons license version 3.0 spectrum was recorded and edited by me, Rick Karnofsky, and by Brad Swift. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com [00:29:30] join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous and multivariate molecules found throughout our bodies. Their roles extend beyond simply providing energy. This program featured a discussion with MacArthur Fellow, Prof. Carolyn Bertozzi, about these important molecules.
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