Podcasts about wheatstone

Wall Street closed lower on Tuesday as a morning rally eased in the last hour of trade to see the key indices post slight losses as investors continue to assess second quarter earnings reports. 2 of the magnificent 7, Tesla and Alphabet, released results after the closing bell on Tuesday with Alphabet reporting better-than-expected results while Tesla saw its profit tumble 45% on easing EV demand. Investors are digesting the combination of results, economic data and US political developments at present which is likely to continue driving investor moves for some time to come.UPS shares fell 12% on Tuesday after the global shipping and logistics service provider released results that fell short of expectations on both the top and bottom lines, while General Motors beat expectations for Q2, however, shares in the automaking giant declined 6.4% on Tuesday as the company delayed plans for its electric and autonomous vehicles.Investors grew wary of tech valuations late last week, prompting a mass sell-off in the high growth sector, in favour of opportunities in the small cap space.In Europe overnight, markets closed mixed as investors continued assessing earnings reports from companies across the region. The STOXX 600 rose 0.13%, while Germany's DAX added 0.8%, the French CAC fell 0.31% and, in the UK, the FTSE100 ended the day down 0.38%.Across the Asia markets on Tuesday is was a mixed session with Japan's Nikkei adding 0.3% while Hong Kong's Hang Seng fell 0.94%, and China's CSI index fell 2.14%.Locally on Tuesday, the ASX has had a positive start to the week as investors looked for opportunities in the small cap space while also buying back into the AI-driven tech sector. Locally on Tuesday the ASX200 rose 0.5% driven by the tech, healthcare, industrials and consumer discretionary sectors posting gains over 1% while energy stocks tumbled 2% on the sliding price of key commodities.Woodside shares slipped on Tuesday after the mining giant released second quarter results including quarterly production down 1% on Q1 due to planned maintenance activities, weather impacts and unplanned outages at Wheatstone and Julimar. Quarterly revenue rose 2% on Q1 though to $3.033bn, and Woodside maintained full year guidance. Investors may have been hitting the sell button yesterday after Woodside increased total estimated costs of the Scarborough Energy project by 4% to US$12.5bn.What to watch today:Ahead of the midweek trading session here in Australia the SPI futures are anticipating the ASX to open Wednesday's session up 0.14% extending on yesterday's rally ahead of the release of Judo Bank Manufacturing and Services PMI flash data for July out this morning.On the commodities front this morning, oil is trading 1.53% lower at US$77.20/barrel, gold is up 0.35% at US$2404/ounce and iron ore is down 0.3% at US$108.16/tonne.AU$1.00 is buying US$0.66, 102.98 Japanese Yen, 51.33 British Pence and NZ$1.11.Trading Ideas:Bell Potter has downgraded the rating on DroneShield (ASX:DRO) from a buy to a hold and have increased the 12-month price target on the counter drone technology company from $1 to $1.60 noting all eyes are on H2 for DroneShield. Bell Potter sees the bullish long-term view of DroneShield remains unchanged, however, at its current valuation, DRO will attract increased scrutiny over its short-term performance and future contract announcements thus the analyst anticipates continued share price volatility.And Trading Central has identified a bullish signal on Centuria Capital (ASX:CNI) following the formation of a pattern over a period of 20-days which is roughly the same amount of time the share price may rise from the close of $1.69 to the range of $1.95 to $2.01 according to standard principles of technical analysis.

Greeny chats with Jay Williams about the breaking news that Joel Embiid will return to NBA action as soon as this week...is Philly the 2nd best team in the East with him healthy? Plus, they touch on Duke's 2nd half collapse and the highly anticipated title rematch between LSU and Iowa tonight. We're having technical issues today...and stage manager Brandon is doing a bad job explaining them. Greeny and the crew discuss the impact of Embiid's return on the NBA playoff picture, DJ Burns Jr.'s Cinderella run, officiating Zach Edey, and UConn's dominance. We play group Sneaky Hembo Trivia and wrap up the hour marveling at how many brand names there are in women's hoops right now. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Congratulations to this week's selected creators: @mvpeers,@jgkelley, @CollingsPaige, @hbarra, @krishnanrohit, @geneteare, @chudson, @aliyalakhani, @jeffbeckervc, @nvidia, @LanceUlanoff, @JoannaStern, @RachelEnsignWSJ, @gvipers, @viaCristiano, @jacobbogage, @marianaa_alfaro, @stevesi, @mgseigler, @oliverbethell, @abbyohlheiser, @alex, @ChristineMHall, @JessicalessinContents* Editorial: Ban Foreigners Owning Key Assets?* Essays of the Week* Busting Myths on Foreign Media Ownership as TikTok Ban Looms* Congress Should Give Up on Unconstitutional TikTok Bans* Vision Pro is an over-engineered “devkit”* LLMs have special intelligence, not general, and that's plenty.* Fintech Unicorns Trot Onto Leaderboard In February* The Changing Nature of Pre-Seed Syndication* Screening for Maniacs* Video of the Week* NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang* AI of the Week* Forget Sora, this is the AI video that will blow your mind – and maybe scare you* OpenAI Made AI Videos for Us. These Clips Are Good Enough to Freak Us Out.* News Of the Week* House passes TikTok bill that could ban app in the U.S., spawning Senate* support* HR 7521* Steven Mnuchin Says He Is Putting Together a Group to Buy TikTok* Strangulation or Regulation?* An update on our preparations for the DMA* Banning TikTok would be both ineffective and harmful* Coinbase Raises $1 Billion Through Convertible Notes Offering* Stripe's growth continues to impress as total payment volume tops $1 trillion* Startup of the Week* The Information* X of the Week* Cyan Bannister on Space X and Elon MuskEditorial: Ban Foreigners Owning Key Assets?As I digested the news that the House had voted to force Chinese-based investor ByteDance to divest ownership in TikTok, I pondered whether the US or US companies owned key strategic assets in other nations. I was pretty sure the answer was yes.I asked ChatGPT:What key assets of overseas countries are owned by the United States or US Companies?The answer was long. There are a lot, covering Real Estate, Energy and Natural Resources, Financial Services, Technology and Telecoms, Infrastructure, Media, Entertainment, Agriculture, and Pharmaceuticals and healthcare.I asked it to dive deeper into Energy and Natural Resources:Can you expand on energy and natural resources and list the top 5 assets that are US-owned by strategic to the country in question?ChatGPTExpanding on the energy and natural resources sector, U.S. companies' overseas investments often focus on areas with significant strategic value, either due to their size, the nature of the resources, or their critical role in the host country's economy. Identifying the "top 5" assets can be challenging due to the dynamic nature of the industry and the sensitivity around such strategic assets. However, I can provide examples that highlight the kind of assets that would be considered strategically significant:* Oil Fields in the Middle East: U.S. companies have long had interests in the Middle East's oil fields, which are among the world's largest and most productive. An example would be Chevron's stake in the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. These assets are crucial due to their vast reserves and the global oil market's dependence on Middle Eastern oil.* Natural Gas Projects in Australia: The U.S. energy giant Chevron operates two of Australia's largest natural gas projects, Gorgon and Wheatstone. Australia is a key player in the global LNG market, and these projects represent significant U.S. interests in the region, providing energy to Asia-Pacific markets.* Mining Operations in Africa: U.S. companies have significant mining operations in Africa. For instance, Freeport-McMoRan's involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's cobalt and copper mining industry is crucial, given cobalt's importance in battery production for electric vehicles.* Shale Gas in Argentina: U.S. companies like Chevron and ExxonMobil are involved in Argentina's Vaca Muerta shale formation, one of the largest reserves of shale gas and oil outside North America. This is strategic for Argentina, contributing to its energy security and potential as an energy exporter.* Renewable Energy Investments in Europe: U.S. companies are increasingly investing in renewable energy assets abroad, such as Iberdrola, a Spanish company in which the U.S. investment bank JPMorgan Chase holds a significant stake. This investment is strategic as Europe transitions towards sustainable energy, and Iberdrola is a major player in wind and solar energy.These examples illustrate the diverse nature of U.S. energy and natural resource investments abroad, emphasizing assets that are strategically important due to their size, the resources they provide, or their role in the host country's energy sector.What is the point of this exercise? The goal is to illustrate that global interconnectedness is the norm, not the exception. International relations have had reciprocity—allowing foreign companies to operate in the U.S. fosters a reciprocal environment where American companies can also expand and thrive overseas. The moment the domicile of ownership appears as an issue, the biggest loser will be the largest owner of foreign assets—hint: not China.TikTok does not represent a threat to the US. And Bytedance's ownership is not more concerning than Shell's ownership of oil platforms overseas should be. Indeed, Bytedance, and therefore TikTok, is not even “Chinese” anymore: This is from the FT:The company is often described by western politicians as a “Chinese” entity. However, as I have noted before, some 60 per cent of the group is actually owned by “international” investors, overwhelmingly American. An estimated $8bn has been invested by private capital companies, including Sequoia Capital, Susquehanna, General Atlantic and Coatue Management. Mainstream investment funds such as Fidelity, T Rowe Price and BlackRock are exposed, too.Returning to the economic nationalism of the inter-war years and fear-driven politics will not serve humanity at all. Demonizing Chinese ownership will equally have negative results, especially if China reciprocates with US ownership, such as Tesla or Apple in China.Who benefits from this demonization? - jingoistic politicians seeking cheap votes. I cannot think of any example of jingoism serving good human outcomes.So, it seems the “predecessor” agrees, but I do not favor a TikTok ban or forced divestiture. I am with the EFF (see this week's essays) in seeing this ban as wholly negative. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit thatwastheweek.substack.com/subscribe

US equity markets settled little changed after a subdued session as investors digested stronger-than-expected retail sales data that fuelled concerns over tighter monetary policy - Dow edged +13-points higher . According to reports earlier this morning AEST, Chevron Corp (up +1.32%) has ended a dispute on pay and working conditions with labour unions at its liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities in Australia. The agreement by workers to accept the terms effectively resolves a dispute that triggered strikes last month at Chevron's Gorgon and Wheatstone facilities, which accounted for ~7% of global LNG supply last year.

US equity markets settled little changed after a subdued session as investors digested stronger-than-expected retail sales data that fuelled concerns over tighter monetary policy - Dow edged +13-points higher . According to reports earlier this morning AEST, Chevron Corp (up +1.32%) has ended a dispute on pay and working conditions with labour unions at its liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities in Australia. The agreement by workers to accept the terms effectively resolves a dispute that triggered strikes last month at Chevron's Gorgon and Wheatstone facilities, which accounted for ~7% of global LNG supply last year.

Pocos inventos cambiaron tanto el mundo como el del telégrafo, que hizo su aparición en su modalidad óptica a finales del siglo XVIII. Hasta ese momento para enviar mensajes a larga distancia había que hacerlo personalmente desplazándose. Eso ralentizaba mucho la comunicación y entrañaba infinidad de riesgos. Los mensajes a menudo se perdían por el camino o eran interceptados. Con eso en mente, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII varios inventores europeos se plantearon construir un sistema de atalayas que mantuviesen entre ellas contacto visual para así, mediante un código determinado previamente, pudiesen transmitirse mensajes en distancias muy largas. Este de las atalayas fue el primer sistema de comunicación discrecional a distancia y se le conoce como telégrafo óptico. Los franceses fueron los primeros en ponerlo en marcha en pleno periodo revolucionario, en 1793. Fue la guerra lo que empujó su aparición y su difusión ya que según empezó a funcionar otras potencias lo adoptaron sin dudarlo. La nueva república tenía a todos los monarcas de Europa en contra por lo que necesitaba un medio de comunicación rápido, fiable y seguro con los distintos frentes en los que combatían. El sistema de torres equipadas con señales móviles funcionó muy bien y en los años siguientes el telégrafo francés se extendió por todo el continente. El sistema óptico fue un gran avance, pero tenía algunos inconvenientes importantes. Por la noche no se podía utilizar, tampoco cuando había niebla o mal tiempo. Por esa razón y aprovechando los nuevos descubrimientos que se habían hecho en el campo de la electricidad, un científico británico llamado Francis Ronalds inventó en 1816 un nuevo tipo de telégrafo que se valía de un generador electrostático. Ofreció su invento al almirantazgo, pero no le vieron utilidad ya que el telégrafo óptico que habían instalado entre Londres y Portsmouth les valía para enviar órdenes a la flota. El invento de Ronalds prometía, pero aún no había llegado su momento. Lo haría dos décadas después cuando, también en Inglaterra, empezaron a tenderse las primeras líneas ferroviarias. De este modo un invento y otro se apoyaron mutuamente. El ferrocarril era veloz y necesitaba una transmisión de señales que también lo fuese. En 1837 entró en funcionamiento el primer telégrafo comercial entre Londres y Birmingham. Era obra de dos inventores británicos llamados William Cooke y Charles Wheatstone. Estaba formado por cinco cables y su uso entrañaba cierta complejidad. Al otro lado del Atlántico, en Estados Unidos, Samuel Morse se propuso mejorarlo reduciendo todo el sistema a un simple cable con dos estaciones en los extremos y lo consiguió. En 1844 las ciudades de Baltimore y Washington quedaron unidas por una línea telegráfica de un solo cable por el que discurría la señal en código creado por el propio Morse y que adoptó su nombre. El código Morse codificaba el alfabeto latino en pulsos eléctricos largos y cortos. A diferencia del de Cooke y Wheatstone, era sencillo de aprender y podía aplicarse en otras aplicaciones como las señales marítimas o mediante lámparas. Años después se convirtió en el código internacional. El telégrafo eléctrico se extendió por todo el planeta en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX pulverizando las distancias. Creció con la red ferroviaria, pero no se quedó ahí. Los ingenieros querían más, en 1866 se tendió la primera línea telegráfica que cruzaba el Atlántico y unos años más tarde Australia quedó unida al resto del mundo mediante un cable telegráfico. Imperios como el británico no hubieran sido posibles sin la expansión del telégrafo que terminó muriendo de éxito ya que inventos como el teléfono o la radio se inspiraron en él y terminaron tomándole el relevo. En El ContraSello: - La guerra de la Vandea - El bandolerismo Bibliografía: - "Telégrafos. Un relato de su travesía centenaria" de Sebastián Olivé - https://amzn.to/3PWM2PN - "Imperial Science: Cable Telegraphy and Electrical Physics in the Victorian British Empire" de Bruce J. Hunt - https://amzn.to/3PXdDQX - "Global Communication Electric" de M. Michaela Hampf - https://amzn.to/3PUNnGB - "A History of Telegraphy" de K. G. Beauchamp - https://amzn.to/46ainIp · “Hispanos. Breve historia de los pueblos de habla hispana”… https://amzn.to/428js1G · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva #FernandoDiazVillanueva #telegrafo #telegrafia Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

This week's EYE ON NPI is a treasure, and will measure pressure with pleasure...it's the Amphenol All Sensors' ELVH Series Digital and Analog Pressure Sensors (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/a/all-sensors/elvh-series-digital-and-analog-pressure-sensors). A family of temperature and pressure sensors with a ton of different configurations so you can definitely fit it into your design no matter what interface or usage range. These sensors integrate a process improvement to the sensing element: the CoBeam2 series is a MEMS etched piezo-resistive 'strain gauge diaphragm'. This li'l chunk of silicon creates a Wheatstone bridge where the pressure against the die makes microscopically small changes to the resistances that can be measured on the differential output. That's not surprising: pretty much all absolute or differential pressure sensors come as 4-element Wheatstone bridge configuration (https://www.digikey.com/short/jp83d457) - and these require extra analog circuitry to handle and amplify the small voltage change readings, or a high precision ADC - we've covered 24-bit ADCs for reading bridge sensors on earlier EYE ON NPIs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xkr7OjHQfU). With the ELVH family of sensors, you can get cleaned-up ratiometric analog output, or ready-to-integrate I2C or SPI - so you can pair these even with fully-digital microcontrollers or microcomputers that have no analog inputs. Plus, since its digitized already, you also get bonus status bits and temperature reads. This full family of pressure and temperature sensors comes in a dizzying set of possible packages and configurations, from SMT J-Lead to through hole DIP or SIP. There's also both absolute and differential input-ports, and barbed, needle or flat ports that can connect with common tubing to measure pressure inside a cavity or ambiently. Of course, temperature will always be an 'on-chip' ambient measurement. For any sort of industrial or medical purpose, you can pick the pressure range from as low as 1inH2O (0.0025 bar) to +10 bar. Finally, both I2C and SPI are available for digital read-out, or analog if you want to maintain compatibility with older sensors. If you're designing a product that requires measuring air or gas pressure, and you want to skip the whole analog-front-end development part to get to market fast - check out these Amphenol All Sensors' ELVH Series (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/a/all-sensors/elvh-series-digital-and-analog-pressure-sensors) - DigiKey stocks almost 200 different varieties of the ELVH sensor family (https://www.digikey.com/short/m4vr4wr5) which means that even if your requirements change during R&D, you will be able to get perfect pressure readings. Since they are in stock for immediate shipment, you can order tonight and get any flavor you like by tomorrow morning.

US commerce secretary, Gina Raimondo, is calling on Beijing to reduce the risk of doing business in China for American companies. Ms Raimondo says fines, raids and other actions have made it too risky to do business in the world's second largest economy. She made the remarks during her current four-day trip to China, but added she didn't want Washington to cut links with the Chinese economy. The Chinese premier, Li Qiang, accused the United States of politicising trade, which he warned would have a disastrous impact on global finances. Workers at two large liquefied natural gas plants in Australia are set to go on strike from 7 September, in a move that could drive up global prices. The dispute is about pay and working conditions. The Wheatstone and Gorgon sites produce more than 5% of the world's LNG and about 500 workers are currently employed at the two plants in Western Australia. Roger Hearing discusses these topics and more with Jyoti Malhotra, editor, National and Strategic Affairs of The Print news portal in Delhi and Alison Van Diggelen, host of the Fresh Dialogues in San Francisco.

This week's EYE ON NPI will make your sensors soft and luxurious thanks to the Renesas ZSSC3241 Sensor Signal Conditioning IC (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/r/renesas/zssc3241-sensor-signal-conditioning-ic) - which, like a fancy bottle of hair conditioner, will de-tangle any frustrations you have with using resistive sensors that require amplification and filtering. Many "sensors" that engineers use to measure temperature, pressure, force, light, etc, are actually implemented as resistive sensors. For example, take your common CdS cell (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/filter/photo-detectors-cds-cells/540) also known as an LDR - Light Dependant Resistor. The CdS material has an interesting property that as light shines on it, the resistance decreases. Another common sensor is the PT100 or PT1000 temperature sensor (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/filter/temperature-sensors/rtd-resistance-temperature-detector/535) those are known as RTD - Resistance Temperature Detector - and have a tiny sliver of platinum that has a near-linear increase in resistance as temperature increases (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/honeywell-sensing-and-productivity-solutions/HEL-705-U-0-24-00/3073062). A third example is the classic strain gauge, made of a thin plate of patterned metallic material that very slightly changes resistance as it is deformed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_gauge). That kind of rough estimation works great for beginners or simple light sensing, but will not cut it when you have to use a strain gauge at the supermarket to measure pounds of veggies: you want it to be very precise, at least within 1% or better! And if you're using a temperature measurement for a scientific process, you may need to get within 1 degree C or better. You can usually improve the quality slightly by having a 1% or 0.1% precision resistor, adding an op-amp gain stage, upgrading your ADC from 8 or 10 bit to 16 or 24 bits - however you will still need to adjust calibration from sensor-to-sensor as well as account for temperature and/or humidity. That's where the Renesas ZSSC3241 Sensor Signal Conditioning IC (https://www.digikey.com/short/q1w59d7c) comes in! It's designed specifically to make any resistive sensor easy to wire up and interface with SPI, I2C or 1-Wire. You can use Wheatstone half-bridge, full-bridge or divider configuration so it's good for strain gauges or RTDs. There's even analog output! The ZSSC3241 provides measurement value readouts and programming capabilities via an I2C, SPI, or one-wire interface (OWI). Three different operation modes allow optimal development of digital, digital-analog, and analog-output smart sensor modules including wake-up on request, continuous-on/fast-response, and automatic/cyclic sensor measurement operations. Absolute and ratiometric voltage, current-loop, or interrupt analog outputs are supported by the ZSSC3241. The analog output options and digital interface options (for calibration and/or a digital application interface) can be combined. Some great stuff that is included in this chip includes dual PGA stages with up to 300x and 1.8x gain, mV offset shift correction, 12 to 24 bit adjustable ADC resolution - lower resolutions will be faster, adjustable sensor bias current, adjustable temperature compensation, oversampling and averaging, error fault reporting, NVM storage for calibration details, interrupt output on value change, and configurable cyclic measurements with sleep mode (https://www.renesas.com/us/en/document/dst/zssc3241-datasheet?r=25417946) - as well as many other configurations that you can check out in the datasheet. While there are many ADCs that one can use to read resistive bridge, we've never seen one with so many knobs for getting the exact right data out without needing a lot of extra massaging....and the pricing is great considering how much more you get than a normal off-the-shelf ADC chip. If you want to get started fast we recommend getting the ZSSC3241 Eval Board (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/renesas/ZSSC3241KIT/19234863), particularly since it some with desktop GUI software that can be used to test out the zillions of configuration settings directly with your sensor of choice wired up, without having to go through a ton of re-compilation cycles. Both the Renesas ZSSC3241 Sensor Signal Conditioning IC (https://www.digikey.com/short/q1w59d7c) and Eval Board (https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/renesas/ZSSC3241KIT/19234863) are in stock now for immediate shipment from DigiKey. Order today and you'll get those chip in hand by tomorrow afternoon, so that when you are faced with your next resistive sensor project, you'll skip the struggle and go straight to soft, silky, sensor success.

Anna and Paul discuss the the telegraph, online love, t-posing on the haters, sauerkraut, chat rooms, ciphers, codes, not understanding new technology, and the Wheatstone bridge. Grab your casserole pans and join us on Telegraph Hill! Follow @engineering_history_podcast on Instagram to keep up with our latest updates :)

Teardown of the Keithley 515A Megohm Wheatstone bridge, plus a tutorial on how Wheatsone bridges work and their applications. Manual & Schematic: https://download.tek.com/manual/515A(Model515A).pdf 1960's Daven precision resistor and attenuator catalog: http://www.technicalaudio.com/pdf/Daven/Daven_attenuator_switch_lab_Catalog.pdf 00:00 Keithley 515A Megohm Wheatstone bridge 03:50 – The Magic smoke test 04:00 – Zero check test 04:40 – Standardise calibration step 05:30 – ...

We are working on getting our NAU7802 Stemma QT breakout into the shop - this is a 24-bit ADC with differential input support, and programmable gain for quick interfacing to strain gauges and other Wheatstone bridge-like sensors. Great news is we got a shipment for our order from Digi-Key, but they're out of stock again with a long lead time. Let's find an alternative ADC for folks who want to measure similar small-signal sensors! See on Digi-Key here! https://www.digikey.com/short/qwm3rn4z See other episodes of The Desk of Ladyada in the playlist here https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjF7R1fz_OOXUtaFu7-_D1UCugC8OecKv and other Great Searches in the playlist here. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjF7R1fz_OOVHqJN28IbXLBj1FKCxw-xD Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

Teleprinters, sometimes referred to as teletypes based on the dominance of the Tyletype corporation in their hayday, are devices that send or receive written transmissions over a wire or over radios. Those have evolved over time to include text and images. And while it may seem as though their development corresponds to the telegraph, that's true only so far as discoveries in electromagnetism led to the ability to send tones or pules over wires once there was a constant current. That story of the teletype evolved through a number of people in the 1800s. The modern telegraph was invented in 1835 and taken to market a few years later. Soon after that, we were sending written messages encoded and typed on what we called a teletype machine, or teletypewriter if you will. Those were initially invented by a German inventor, Friedrich König in 1837, the same year Cooke and Wheatstone got their patent on telgraphy in England, and a few years before they patented automatic printing. König figured out how to send messages over about 130 miles. Parts of the telegraph were based on his work. But he used a wire per letter of the alphabet and Samuel Morse used a single wire and encoded messages with the Morse code he developed. Alexander Bain developed a printing telegraph that used electromagnets that turned clockworks. But keep in mind that these were still considered precision electronics at the time and human labor to encode, signal, receive, and decode communications were still cheaper. Therefore, the Morse telegraph service that went operational in 1846 became the standard. Meanwhile Royal Earl House built a device that used piano keyboards to send letters, which had a shift register to change characters being sent. Thus predating the modern typewriter, developed in 1878, by decades. Yet, while humans were cheaper, machines were less prone to error, unless of course they broke down. Then David Edward Hughes developed the first commercial teletype machine known as the Model 11 in 1855 to 1856. A few small telegraph companies then emerged to market the innovation, including Wester Union Telegraph company. Picking up where Morse left off, Émile Baudot developed a code that consisted of five units, that became popular in France and spread to England in 1897 before spreading to the US. That's when Donald Murray added punching data into paper tape for transmissions and incremented the Baudot encoding scheme to add control characters like carriage returns and line feeds. And some of the Baudot codes and Murray codes are still in use. The ideas continued to evolve. In 1902, Charles Krum invented something he called the teletypewriter, picking up on the work started by Frank Pearne and funded by Joy Morton of the Morton Salt company. He filed a patent for his work. He and Morton then formed a new company called the Morkrum Printing Telegraph. Edward Kleinschmidt had filed a similar patent in 1916 so they merged the two companies into the Morkrump-Kleinschmidt Company in 1925 but to more easily market their innovation changed the name to the Teletype Corporation in 1928, then selling to the American Telegraph and Telephone Company, or AT&T, for $30M. And so salt was lucrative, but investing salt money netted a pretty darn good return as well. Teletype Corporation produced a number of models over the next few decades. The Model 15 through 35 saw an increase in the speed messages could be sent and improved encoding techniques. As the typewriter became a standard, the 8.5 by 11 inch came as a means of being most easily compatible for those typewriters. The A standard was developed so A0 is a square meter, A1 is half that, A2, half that, and so on, with A4 becoming a standard paper size in Europe. But teletypes often had continual feeds and so while they had the same width in many cases, paper moved from a small paper tape to a longer roll of paper cut the same size as letter paper. Decades after Krum was out of the company, the US Naval Observatory built what they called a Krum TTY to transmit data over radio, naming their device after him. Now, messages could be sent over a telegraph wire and wirelessly. Thus by 1966 when the Inktronic shipped and printed 1200 characters a minute, it was able to print in baud or ASCII, which Teletype had developed for guess who, the Navy. But they had also developed a Teletype they called the Dataspeed with what we think of as a modem today, which evolved into the Teletype 33, the first Teletype to be consistently used with a computer. The teletype could send data to a computer and receive information that was printed in the same way information would be sent to another teletype operator who would respond in a printout. Another teletype with the same line receives that signal. When hooked to a computer though, the operator presses one of the keys on the teletype keyboard, it transmits an electronic signal. Over time, those teletypes could be installed on the other side of a phone line. And if a person could talk to a computer, why couldn't two computers talk to one another? ASCII was initially published in 1963 so computers could exchange information in a standardized fashion. Bell Labs was involved and so it's no surprise we saw ASCII show up within just a couple of years on the Teletype. ASCII was a huge win. Teletype sold over 600,000 of the 32s and 33s. Early video screens cost over $10,000 so interactive computing meant sending characters to a computer, which translated the characters into commands, and those into machine code. But the invention of the integrated circuit, MOSFET, and microchip dropped those prices considerably. When screens dropped in price enough, and Unix came along in 1971, also from the Bell system, it's no surprised that the first shells were referred to as TTY, short for teletype. After all, the developers and users were often literally using teletypes to connect. As computing companies embraced time sharing and added the ability to handle multiple tasks those evolved into the ability to invoke multiple TTY sessions as a given user, thus while waiting for a task to complete we could do another task. And so we got tty1, tty2, tty3, etc. The first GUIs were then effectively macros or shell scripts that were called by clicking a button. And those evolved so they weren't obfuscating the shell but instead now we open a terminal emulator in most modern operating systems not to talk to the shell directly but to send commands to the emulator that interprets them in more modern languages. And yet run tty and we can still see the “return user's terminal name” to quote the man page. Today we interact with computers in a very different way than we did over teletypes. We don't send text and receive the output in a a print-out any longer. Instead we use monitors that allow us to use keyboards to type out messages through the Internet as we do over telnet and then ssh using either binary or ASCII codes. The Teletype and typewriter evolved into today's keyboard, which offers a faster and more efficient way to communicate. Those early CTSS then Unix C programs that evolved into ls and ssh and cat are now actions performed in graphical interfaces or shells. The last remaining teletypes are now used in airline telephone systems. And following the breakup of AT&T, Teletype Corporation need finally in 1990, as computer terminals evolved into a different direction. Yet we still see their remnants in everyday use.

Containing matters pertaining to that excellent Signalling Device which most nobly Sounded in a New Age of Communication, approaching thus the Speed of Light, with vars. Applications from the Military to the Personal. Timestamps: introduction, history of the telegraph and telephone (0:00) Selections from "Lighting Flashes and Electric Dashes": (1877) (18:39) - Charles Barnard - "Kate - An Electro-mechanical Romance" - Ralph Pope - "$1,000 Reward — My Foot Race with a Telegram" - Henry Van Hoevenbergh - "Into the Jaws of Death, A Telegraph Operator's Story" Henry James - "In the Cage" (1898) (50:29) Clarín - "Goodbye, Lamb!" (1893) (1:31:32) Bibliography: Coe, Lewis - "The Telegraph, A History of Morse's Invention and its Predecessors in the United States", 1993 Estreich, Bob - "Antonio Meucci", Bob's Old Phones, http://www.telephonecollecting.org/Bobs%20phones/Pages/Essays/Meucci/Meucci.htm Goble, Mark - "Beautiful circuits: modernism and the mediated life", 2010 Goble, Mark - "Wired Love: Pleasure at a Distance in Henry James and Others", ELH (English Literary History), Volume 74, Number 2, Summer 2007 Gregory's Mechanics - "History of the Telegraph", 1828 Liffen, John - "The Introduction of the Electric Telegraph in Britain, a Reappraisal of the Work of Cooke and Wheatstone", The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, Volume 80, Number 2, Jul. 2010 "Lightning Flashes and Electric Dashes", 1877 edition https://www.google.com/books/edition/Lightning_Flashes_and_Electric_Dashes/hW8oAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 "Lightning Flashes and Electric Dashes", 1882 edition https://books.google.com/books/about/Lightning_Flashes_and_Electric_Dashes.html?id=0bFEAQAAMAAJ Otis, Laura Christine - "Networking: Communicating with Bodies and Machines in the Nineteenth Century", 2001 Schwantes, Benjamin Sidney Michael - "The Train And The Telegraph: A Revisionist History", 2019 Schöberlein, Stefan - "Call Me Maybe: Telephonic Romances and the Female Voice, 1880–1920", American Literary Realism, Volume 51, Number 1, Fall 2018 Schöberlein, Stefan - "Tapping the Wire: A Telegraphic Discourse", American Literature, Volume 88, Number 2, June 2016 Music and poetry: "Postal Telegraph Quick Service March" (interlude 1) composed by J. Adler, 1894. https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.100000271/ "By Telegraph" (interlude 3), anonymous, from "Lightning Flashes and Electric Dashes"

Guitars and violins and mandolins, oh my! Once again, we are happy to welcome the folk-tastic troupe known as Wheatstone Bridge to the studios. This time we get some familiar and new faces – Jill Marlene, Zeke Griffin, Gabe Hilton, Steve Barron, Natalie Laster Jones and Amy Willoughby all join us for a wildly tangential […]

Guitars and violins and mandolins, oh my! Once again, we are happy to welcome the folk-tastic troupe known as Wheatstone Bridge to the studios. This time we get some familiar and new faces – Jill Marlene, Zeke Griffin, Gabe Hilton, Steve Barron, Natalie Laster Jones and Amy Willoughby all join us for a wildly tangential […]

Jill Marlene of the local band Wheatstone Bridge joins Jim Davidson on Roots Junction. Hear new episodes of Roots Junction on KWNK 97.7 FM every Friday at 10am & Sunday at 3pm.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 78, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Good For A Day Off 1: On the Friday before this holiday, soldiers in the 3rd U.S. Infantry place flags on graves at Arlington. Memorial Day. 2: It's happy 27th of February as the Dominican Republic marks its independence from this neighbor. Haiti. 3: You don't need to have an epiphany to know the Feast of the Epiphany falls in this month. January. 4: It began in America in 1621 as an adaptation of the British Lammas, or "Loaf Mass" Day. Thanksgiving. 5: Pilgrimage participants plan to arrive in this city before the sixth day of Dhul-Hijjah. Mecca. Round 2. Category: Colonial Colleges 1: You can get your sheepskin at this Cambridge university whose "yahd" once held grazing sheep. Harvard. 2: The College of New Jersey was 150 years old in 1896 when it got this new name for the city it was in. Princeton. 3: Founded in 1693, its name used to end with "in Virginia". the College of William and Mary. 4: For a while, Fred Rogers' neighborhood was this New Hampshire college, his alma mater. Dartmouth. 5: This Providence university that dates back to 1764 is home to a NASA research center. Brown. Round 3. Category: Sheer Genius! 1: The difference engine, a computing device he designed in the 1820s, was built in 1991 from his plans and it worked!. (Charles) Babbage. 2: Named for its American inventor, this electrostatic generator is used to accelerate particles. a Van de Graaff generator. 3: Among his 355 patents is an 1887 one for ballistite, or smokeless powder. (Alfred) Nobel. 4: In 1884 Ottmar Mergenthaler invented this machine that eliminated setting type by hand. the linotype machine. 5: In 1837 Brits Cooke and Wheatstone designed an electric one; later that year, an American painter perfected it. the telegraph. Round 4. Category: Wheat 1: Pasta is made from this coarsely-ground grain of durum wheat. Semolina. 2: Glutamic acid from wheat is used to produce this flavor enhancer. MSG (Monosodium Glutamate). 3: Nabisco makes these crispy crackers; red oval farms makes them "stoned". Wheat Thins. 4: Dunkelweizen and Kristall Weizen are refreshing wheat types of these. beer. 5: This embryo of the wheat seed is a rich source of vitamin E. Germ. Round 5. Category: Mr. Smith Goes To Washington 1: Fort Dix is in this state's 4th District, repped by Chris Smith, who was elected to Congress at age 27. New Jersey. 2: In 1996 Gordon Smith lost to Ron Wyden to replace Bob Packwood as a Sen. from this state; now they serve together. Oregon. 3: Parts of Comal, Hays and Travis Counties make up the 21st District of this state's Rep. Lamar Smith. Texas. 4: Washington's 9th District is represented by this man, who has the same name as a certain economist. Adam Smith. 5: William French Smith, who held this post, 1981-1985, had a key role in putting the 1st woman on the Supreme Court. Attorney General. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Special Two Part Episode! Our heroes finally follow the kings footsteps into the town of wheatstone, where they see a friendly face.Support the show

Know about the Wheatstone bridge and its inventor , Sir Charles Wheastone . HAPPY Learning

Sir Sidney McSprocket investigates two other knights - Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir Jonathan Ive – two designers who changed the way we look at things. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Teil 1 der Basics-Reihe dreht sich um Monitoring und startet mit einer Einführung in die Blutdruckmessung. Wir besprechen Vor- und Nachteile von nicht-invasiven und invasiven Techniken, Kurvenformen, Messtechnik und empfehlen den Square-Wave Test in die Praxis zu integrieren. Sogar die Wheatstone-Brücke wird kurz erwähnt. Wir haben viel gelernt bei der Vorbereitung und Aufzeichnung der Episode. Viel Spaß beim zuhören!

Welcome to the History of Computing Podcast, where we explore the history of information technology. Because understanding the past prepares us to innovate of the future! Todays episode is is on the microphone. Now you might say “wait, that's not a computer-thing. But given that every computer made in the past decade has one, including your phone, I would beg to differ. Also, every time I record one of these episodes, I seem to get a little better with wielding the instruments, which has led me to spend way more time than is probably appropriate learning about them. So what exactly is a microphone? Well, it's a simple device that converts mechanical waves of energy into electrical waves of energy. Microphones have a diaphragm, much as we humans do and that diaphragm mirrors the sound waves it picks up. So where did these microphones come from? Well, Robert Hooke got the credit for hooking a string to a cup in 1665 and suddenly humans could push sound over distances. Then in 1827 Charles Wheatstone, who invented the telegraph put the word microphone into our vernacular. 1861 rolls around and Johan Philipp Reis build the Reis telephone, which electrified the microphone using a metallic strip that was attached to a vibrating membrane. When a little current was passed through it, it reproduced sound far away. Think of this as more of using electricity to amplify the effects of the string on the cup. But critically, sound had been turned into signal. In 1876, Emile Berliner built a modern microphone while working on the gramophone. He was working with Thomas Edison at the time and would go on to sell the patent for the Microphone to The Bell Telephone Company. Now, Alexander Graham Bell had designed a telephone transmitter in 1876 but ended up in a patent dispute with David Edward Hughes. And as he did with many a great idea, Thomas Edison made the first practical microphone in 1886. This was a carbon microphone that would go on to be used for almost a hundred years. It could produce sound but it kinda' sucked for music. It was used in the first radio broadcast in New York in 1910. The name comes from the cranes of carbon that are packed between two metal plates. Edison would end up introducing the diaphragm and the carbon button microphone would become the standard. That microphone though, often still had a built0-in amp, strengthening the voltage that was the signal sound had been converted to. 1915 rolls around and we get the vacuum tube amplifier. And in 1916, E.C. Wente of Bell Laboratories designed the condenser microphone. This still used two plates, but each had an electrical charge and when the sound vibrations moved the plates, the signal was electronically amplified. Georg Neumann then had the idea to use gold plated PVC and design the mic such that as sound reached the back of the microphone it would be cancelled, resulting in a cardioid pattern, making it the first cardioid microphone and an ancestor to the microphone I'm using right now. In the meantime, other advancements were coming. Electromagnets made it possible to add moving coils and ribbons and Wente and A.C. Thuras would then invent the dynamic, or moving-coil microphone in 1931. This was much more of an omnidirectional pattern and It wasn't until 1959 that the Unidyne III became the first mic to pull in sound from the top of the mic, which would change the shape and look of the microphone forever. Then in 1964 Bell Labs brought us the electrostatic transducer mic and the microphone exploded with over a billion of these built every year. Then Sennheiser gave us clip-on microphones in the 80s, calling their system the Mikroport and releasing it through Telefunken. No, Bootsie Collins was not a member of Telefunken. He'd been touring with James Brown for awhile ad by then was with the Parliament Funkadelic. Funk made a lot of use of all these innovations in sound though. So I see why you might be confused. Other than the fact that all of this was leading us up to a point of being able to use microphones in computers, where's the connection? Well, remember Bell Labs? In 1962 they invented the electret microphone. Here the electrically biased diaphragms have a capacitor that changes with the vibrations of sound waves. Robert Noyce had given us the integrated circuit in 1959 and of microphones couldn't escape the upcoming Moore's law, as every electronics industry started looking for applications. Honeywell came along with silicon pressure sensors, and by 65 Harvey Nathanson gave us a resonant-gated transistors. That would be put on a Monolithic chip by 66 and through the 70s micro sensors were developed to isolate every imaginable environmental parameter, including sound. At this point, computers were still big hulking things. But computers and sound had been working their way into the world for a couple of decades. The technologies would evolve into one another at some point obviously. In 1951, Geoff Hill pushed pules to a speaker using the Australian CSIRAC and Max Mathews at Bell Labs had been doing sound generation on an IBM 704 using the MUSIC program, which went a step further and actually created digital audio using PCM, or Pulse-Code Modulation. The concept of sending multiplexed signals over a wire had started with the telegraph back in the 1870s but the facsimile, or fax machine, used it as far back as 1920. But the science and the math wasn't explaining it all to allow for the computer to handle the rules required. It was Bernard Oliver and Claude Shannon that really put PCM on the map. We've mentioned Claude Shannon on the podcast before. He met Alan Turing in 43 and went on to write crazy papers like A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems, and A Mathematical Theory of Communications. And he helped birth the field of information theory. When the math nerds showed up, microphones got way cooler. By the way, he liked to juggle on a unicycle. I would too if I could. They documented that you could convert audio to digital by sampling audio and modulation would be mapping the audio on a sine wave at regular intervals. This analog-to-digital converter could then be printed on a chip that would output encoded digital data that would live on storage. Demodulate that with a digital to analog converter, apply an amplification, and you have the paradigm for computer sound. There's way more, like anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters, but someone will always think you're over-simplifying. So the evolutions came, giving us multi-track stereo casettes, the fax machines and eventually getting to the point that this recording will get exported into a 16-bit PCM wave file. PCM would end up evolving to LPCM, or Linear pulse-control modulation and be used in CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray's. Oh and lossleslly compressed to mp3, mpeg4, etc. By the 50s, MIT hackers would start producing sound and even use the computer to emit the same sounds Captain Crunch discovered the tone for, so they could make free phone calls. They used a lot of paper tape then, but with magnetic tape and then hard drives, computers would become more and more active in audio. By 61 John Kelly Jr and Carol Lockbaum made an IBM 7094 mainframe sing Daisy Bell. Arthur C. Clarke happened to see it and that made it into 2001: A Space Odyssey. Remember hearing it sing that when it was getting taken apart? But the digital era of sound recording is marked as starting with the explosion of Sony in the 1970s. Moore's Law, they got smaller, faster, and cheaper and by the 2000s microelectromechanical microphones web mainstream, which are what are built into laptops, cell phones, and headsets. You see, by then it was all on a single chip. Or even shared a chip. These are still mostly omnidirectional. But in modern headphones, like Apple AirPods then you're using dual beam forming microphones. Beamforming uses multiple sensor arrays to extract sounds based on a whole lot of math; the confluence of machine learning and the microphone. You see, humans have known to do many of these things for centuries. We hooked a cup to a wire and sound came out the other side. We electrified it. We then started going from engineering to pure science. We then analyzed it with all the math so we better understood the rules. And that last step is when it's time to start writing software. Or sometimes it's controlling things with software that gives us the necessary understanding to make the next innovative leap. The invention of the microphone doesn't really belong to one person. Hook, Wheatstone, Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Wente, Thuras, Shannon, Hill, Matthews, and many, many more had a hand in putting that crappy mic in your laptop, the really good mic in your cell phone, and the stupidly good mic in your headphones. Some are even starting to move over to Piezoelectric. But I think I'll save that for another episode. The microphone is a great example of that slow, methodical rise, and iterative innovation that makes technologies truly lasting. It's not always shockingly abrupt or disruptive. But those innovations are permanently world-changing. Just think, because of the microphone and computer getting together for a blind date in the 40s you can now record your hit album in Garage Band. For free. Or you call your parents any time you want. Now pretty much for free. So thank you for sticking with me through all of this. It's been a blast. You should probably call your parents now. I'm sure they'd love to hear from you. But before you do, thank you for tuning in to yet another episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We're so lucky to have you. Have a great day!

Jiggling Jumper CablesStephen The uTracer 3 A tube curve tracer that is very powerful. Some upgrades that are in the mix New interface for selecting socket connections - going to have 8 and 9 pin sockets with rotary switches for each pin Upgraded ground loop for measuring the grid current on triodes Integrated FTDI Transistor curve tracer (only tests the "positive" transistors PNP,N-Channel stuff) Lab Notebook: http://dos4ever.com/uTracerNotebook/Notebook.html#Plate SSPS - The entropy creator Parker New Article: Key Parts of an Arduino: How to Integrate the Arduino Platform into your Product Reading temperature NTC thermistors Voltage divider method Wheatstone bridge circuit Dedicated IC like the MAX6682MUA Others ways? Are space ships and space suits rated for external positive pressure? Relevant Reddit Thread RFO Saelig has a new programmable 128W Power Supply With 1mV/1mA Precision Output: 0 – 16 Volts / 0-8 Amps Resolution: 1 mV / 1 mA Low Ripple & Noise:

(First of all, apologies for the many "uhhh"s and "ummm"s you can hear - no idea what was going on there. Edited out a lot, and next time it should be better.) Topics this time are my effort so far for the RetroChallenge 2018/04 (25% in), a short and biased discussion of some available handheld oscilloscopes, disassembling consumer-scales to see what was going on inside, hacking together a small digital probe to distinguish high/low/floating pins, and blowing a fuse while poking at electronics.  --- Links/show-notes, in that order: my effort this week for the RetroChallenge 2018/04 (April) some portable scopes: the ones I used:  Velleman HPS140i (1-channel) Velleman WFS210 (WiFi, 2-channel) Seeedstudio DSO Nano v1 (1-channel) nice but starting from approx EUR 400: Owon HDS series Micsig tBook series Siglent SHS series PC-based: Owon VDS series LabNation SmartScope (software any good..?) Awesome Space retro-place (Utrecht, NL) Makersbase fablab (Breda, NL) Hackalot hackspace (Eindhoven, NL) W.r.t the blown fuse: I made the rookie mistake of connecting probe-ground to something main-referenced (but not earth)... #makeagoodfirstimpression --- Some pics of scales-disassembly: (load-sensor mounted in one of the scales' 4 feet) (strain-gauge element (?) embedded in metal spring-thing) Note that when the metal thing is flexed, both "halves" of the element would decrease in resistance - a few hundred Ohms when flexing them by hand. That's why I don't understand why there were 3 wires bonded to this thing. Why not use 2? (From what I read and discussed with a friend, one "half" would ideally have to have a constant or at least less-decreasing-when-flexed resistance, to be used in a Wheatstone bridge.) --- Schematic and pics of the digital probe:   (probe in a blob of hot-glue)  

In this Business News podcast Mark Pownall, Matt Mckenzie, and Katie McDonald discuss the Quintis collapse, Wheatstone’s environmental conditions, Doric’s Chinese joint venture, wage gap battle, Fringe festival and land developers.

In this Business News podcast Mark Pownall, Matt Mckenzie, and Katie McDonald discuss the Quintis collapse, Wheatstone’s environmental conditions, Doric’s Chinese joint venture, wage gap battle, Fringe festival and land developers.

In this Business News podcast, Mark Pownall, Mark Beyer and Dan Wilkie discuss innovation strategy, Wheatstone, Pilbara mining, Sam Walsh and commercial property

In this Business News podcast, Mark Pownall, Mark Beyer and Dan Wilkie discuss innovation strategy, Wheatstone, Pilbara mining, Sam Walsh and commercial property.

In this Business News podcast, Mark Pownall, Mark Beyer and Dan Wilkie discuss innovation strategy, Wheatstone, Pilbara mining, Sam Walsh and commercial property

In this Business News podcast, Mark Pownall, Mark Beyer and Dan Wilkie discuss innovation strategy, Wheatstone, Pilbara mining, Sam Walsh and commercial property.

Doppi bipoli: definizioni e proprietà. Trasformatore ideale, generatori pilotati. Rappresentazioni dei doppi bipoli. Esercitazione: ponte di Wheatstone.

Doppi bipoli: definizioni e proprietà. Trasformatore ideale, generatori pilotati. Rappresentazioni dei doppi bipoli. Esercitazione: ponte di Wheatstone.

Bubble Bubble, toil and trouble!   The Worst Little Podcast – S 5 E23 – Download Link What a show we have for you! It’s chaotic, incoherent at times and was a real blast to record. Hope you can keep up! In the studio we have Jill Marlene, Doyle Wayne Stewart, Margy Ford and Stephen Barron […]

Misure di resistenza; Metodo Volt-Amperometrico; Fenomeni parassiti nelle misure di resistenza (resistenza di contatto, resistenza di dispersione); Ponte di Wheatstone