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******Support the channel****** Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ******Follow me on****** Website: https://www.thedissenter.net/ The Dissenter Goodreads list: https://shorturl.at/7BMoB Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Jonathan Bobaljik is a Professor of Linguistics at Harvard University. He specializes in morphology, syntax, and typology. He is the author of Universals in Comparative Morphology: Suppletion, Superlatives and the Structure of Words, which was awarded the Linguistic Society of America's Leonard Bloomfield Book Award. In this episode, we talk about morphology, morphosyntax, and universals in language. We start with morphology, and we talk about morphemes, and what we can learn about language by studying morphology. We also talk about morphosyntax, and the relationship between morphology and syntax. We then discuss Universal Grammar and Noam Chomsky's work, what we currently know about human universals in language, and how morphology is compared across languages. Finally, we discuss whether the aspects of our cognition that are associated with language are domain-specific or domain-general. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: PER HELGE LARSEN, JERRY MULLER, BERNARDO SEIXAS, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, PHIL KAVANAGH, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, FERGAL CUSSEN, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, ROMAIN ROCH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, NELLEKE BAK, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, SUNNY SMITH, JON WISMAN, WILLIAM BUCKNER, PAUL-GEORGE ARNAUD, LUKE GLOWACKI, GEORGIOS THEOPHANOUS, CHRIS WILLIAMSON, PETER WOLOSZYN, DAVID WILLIAMS, DIOGO COSTA, ALEX CHAU, AMAURI MARTÍNEZ, CORALIE CHEVALLIER, BANGALORE ATHEISTS, LARRY D. LEE JR., OLD HERRINGBONE, MICHAEL BAILEY, DAN SPERBER, ROBERT GRESSIS, IGOR N, JEFF MCMAHAN, JAKE ZUEHL, BARNABAS RADICS, MARK CAMPBELL, TOMAS DAUBNER, LUKE NISSEN, KIMBERLY JOHNSON, JESSICA NOWICKI, LINDA BRANDIN, GEORGE CHORIATIS, VALENTIN STEINMANN, PER KRAULIS, ALEXANDER HUBBARD, BR, JONAS HERTNER, URSULA GOODENOUGH, DAVID PINSOF, SEAN NELSON, MIKE LAVIGNE, JOS KNECHT, LUCY, MANVIR SINGH, PETRA WEIMANN, CAROLA FEEST, MAURO JÚNIOR, 航 豊川, TONY BARRETT, BENJAMIN GELBART, NIKOLAI VISHNEVSKY, STEVEN GANGESTAD, AND TED FARRIS! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, TOM VANEGDOM, BERNARD HUGUENEY, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, JONCARLO MONTENEGRO, AL NICK ORTIZ, NICK GOLDEN, AND CHRISTINE GLASS! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, BOGDAN KANIVETS, ROSEY, AND GREGORY HASTINGS!
In this insightful episode of The Association 100 Podcast, recorded live at ASAE's 2024 Annual Conference, host Meghan Henning sits down with Margaret Vitullo, PhD, CAE, Executive Director of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA). With over 16 months at the helm of LSA, Margaret discusses the challenges and opportunities facing scholarly societies and how they can adapt to the shifting association landscape. Key Highlights: The Evolution of Scholarly Societies: Margaret outlines how traditional revenue models for academic associations—membership, meetings, and publications—are under pressure. She explains how the LSA is navigating these challenges while still advancing the scientific study of language. Transforming LSA's Operations: From launching a new website and database to breaking fundraising records, Margaret shares how LSA has made significant strides in its centennial year, while also increasing member dues by 30%. Fractal Leadership Approach: Margaret introduces the concept of "fractal leadership," an innovative model based on shared community and responsibility at every level of an organization. She explains how this approach is helping LSA build a stronger sense of belonging and collaboration among its members, staff, and leadership. Revitalizing Member Engagement: Margaret highlights how LSA is creating new opportunities for linguists outside of academia through programs like LEXING, which focuses on linguists working in industry, nonprofits, and government sectors. These efforts are helping to expand the society's influence beyond traditional academia. Empowering Committees and Staff: Drawing inspiration from leadership books such as Turn the Ship Around and The Art of Possibility, Margaret discusses how LSA is empowering committees and staff to take ownership of their roles and contribute to the association's success. Join us as Margaret Vitullo shares her journey in reinvigorating LSA through innovation, collaboration, and leadership, providing valuable lessons for association professionals looking to adapt and thrive in a rapidly changing environment. Stay Connected: Subscribe to The Association 100 podcast on Spotify, Apple Podcasts or YouTube Podcasts to ensure you never miss an episode. Follow us on LinkedIn at The Association 100 and OnWrd & UpWrd for the latest in association trends and strategies. Tune in for more episodes filled with expert insights and strategies to help your association adapt and thrive. Note: There are minor audio glitches due to background noise from the ASAE show floor. We've minimized these as much as possible to ensure a smooth listening experience.
Salikoko S. MufweneMondes francophones (2023-2024)Collège de FranceAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Michel DeGraff : "Hybridity" and Scientific Racism in Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain's Le créole haïtien… — The First PhD Dissertation by a Haitian Linguist and on Haitian CreoleIntervenant(s)Michel DeGraffProfessor, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRésuméPublished in 1936, Le créole haïtien: Morphologie et syntaxe is the first research monograph on Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) by a professional Haitian linguist. As far as I know, it's also the first publication that explicitly stated a specific version of "Hybridity" in the formation of Kreyòl. This sort of Hybridity has come to be known as the (now disconfirmed) "Relexification Hypothesis" whereby Kreyòl is: … a form of French fashioned in the mold of African syntax, or, since we generally classify languages based on the history of their grammar, Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) is an African (Ewe) language with a French vocabulary.This talk is an exercise in intellectual history and critical race theory to try and understand the historically and geo-politically rooted biases in the deep contradictions between Sylvain's theoretical claims, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, her detailed comparative data triangulating Kreyòl, French and Ewe toward a thorough documentation of systematic parallels, at the levels of morphology, lexicon and syntax, among all three languages. We will analyze certain discursive links between language, linguistics, identity, decolonization and liberation through the prism of the formidable intellectual biography of Comhaire-Sylvain – Haiti's first linguist and anthropologist and the first Haitian woman to obtain a PhD, back in 1936. Comhaire-Sylvain's contributions can help us forge a better future ahead – for Creole studies, Creole speakers and more.Michel DeGraffMichel DeGraff is Professor of Linguistics at MIT, co-founder and co-director of the MIT-Haiti Initiative, founding member of Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen and fellow of the Linguistic Society of America. Michel entered linguistics through the "backdoor" so to speak, in 1985, as a Summer Intern at AT&T Bell Laboratories' Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence department in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Michel obtained his PhD in 1992 with a dissertation on the syntax of Haitian Creole. Today, Michel's research contributes to an egalitarian approach to Creole, Indigenous and other non-colonial languages and their speakers, as in his native Haiti. In addition to linguistics and education, his writings engage intellectual history and critical race theory, especially the links between power-knowledge hierarchies and the hegemonic (mis)representations of non-colonial languages and their speakers in the Global South and beyond. His work is anchored in a broader agenda for human rights and social justice, with Haiti as one spectacular case of a post-colony where the national language spoken by all (Haitian Creole) is systematically disenfranchised, even in certain scholarly traditions, while the (former) colonial language (in this case, French), spoken by few in Haiti, is enlisted for socio-economic, political and geo-political domination.
In our upcoming season, we have stories about voice clones, tongue twisters and small languages fighting back. We'll hear from comedians, bilingual lovers and badly-behaved grandmothers. Look out for the first episode on November 1. Music by Harry Edvino and The Freeharmonic Orchestra. Photo by Patrick Cox. Subtitle is a production of Quiet Juice and the Linguistic Society of America. Sign up for Subtitle's newsletter here.
In our upcoming season, we have stories about voice clones, tongue twisters and small languages fighting back. We'll hear from comedians, bilingual lovers and badly-behaved grandmothers. Look out for the first episode on November 1. Music by Harry Edvino and The Freeharmonic Orchestra. Photo by Patrick Cox. Subtitle is a production of Quiet Juice and the Linguistic Society of America. Sign up for Subtitle's newsletter here.
Follow our Business English Podcast Lane Greene is the language columnist and Spain correspondent at The Economist. He won the journalism award from the Linguistic Society of America in 2017 and is a former adjunct professor of Global Affairs at New York Univ. He is based in Madrid currently and has lived in London, New York City, and Berlin. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Language is perhaps our most powerful tool. It has been improved, imposed and modified widely over time. From James Baldwin, to the first settlers in the Plymouth Colony, to beat poets, to hip-hop artists, American English in all its forms has become a global, and imperial language. "Words are never static, they go through changes, and in fact, change is the essential element for any language to thrive," said Ilan Stavans, professor of humanities and Latin American and Latino culture at Amherst College. "We borrow, we steal, that is in American English, from other languages, and also lend words to other languages and that give-and-take is essential." Language is at the forefront of many cultural debates. It both unites and divides us. What language should we use when educating our children? How should we classify cultural dialects or colloquial languages, like Black vernacular English? "There are people who are bringing other languages to English in ways that are not really happening with any other global language, like Chinese for example," said Patrick Cox, host of the popular Subtitle podcast and former editor and reporter for The World. "In that sense, I think it gives English the chance to evolve and transform and take on new, not just words, but phrases and thought patterns in a way that some of those other languages don't." From the ubiquity of English, to understanding how language might help explain our current political moment, we analyze how words both help and hurt our culture on this week's episode of Under the Radar with Callie Crossley guest hosted by Phillip Martin. GUESTS: Ilan Stavans, Professor of Humanities and Latin American and Latino Culture at Amherst College, and editor of a new book: “The People's Tongue: Americans and the English Language.” Patrick Cox, host of the popular "Subtitle" podcast and former editor and reporter for The World. Patrick is the winner of the Linguistic Society of America's 2019 Linguistics Journalism Award.
We all speak in different dialects. Today's guest, John Baugh, provides history and context for those differences in the way we speak in the U.S., and explores their effects. Baugh, president of the Linguistic Society of America, shares how dialect can be used to discriminate against people, which he refers to as linguistic profiling. Baugh explains how linguistic profiling can affect all facets of people's lives, from apartment leasing to legal proceedings. He also describes his experiences acting as an expert witness in court.
Does the language we speak affect the way we think? The way we act, the way we behave? Can it explain variations in subsets of people? This might seem like an odd question, but it's one with long-standing roots in something called Linguistic Relativity: the extent to which the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition. It's a controversial hypothesis, and one about which Tom Pepinsky has just written an article for Language, a journal of the Linguistic Society of America. Tom is a professor of political science at Cornell University in New York, as well as the director of the University's Southeast Asia programme.
On today's episode of Spectacular Vernacular, Nicole and Ben interview Brooklyn-based software engineer Josh Wardle, the creator of the viral online word game Wordle. They also recap their participation in the American Dialect Society's annual Word of the Year vote, over which Ben presided. And Nicole's shares some on-the-ground interviews from the Linguistic Society of America conference, at which she presented some of her own research. And finally, we bring on a listener for some wordplay. Can you solve our final wordplay clue? You could win a year's membership to Slate Plus. Do you have any language questions or fun facts to share? Email us at spectacular@slate.com. Subscribe to Slate Plus. It's only $1 for the first month. To learn more, go to slate.com/spectacularplus. Produced by Jasmine Ellis and Kevin Bendis Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
On today's episode of Spectacular Vernacular, Nicole and Ben interview Brooklyn-based software engineer Josh Wardle, the creator of the viral online word game Wordle. They also recap their participation in the American Dialect Society's annual Word of the Year vote, over which Ben presided. And Nicole's shares some on-the-ground interviews from the Linguistic Society of America conference, at which she presented some of her own research. And finally, we bring on a listener for some wordplay. Can you solve our final wordplay clue? You could win a year's membership to Slate Plus. Do you have any language questions or fun facts to share? Email us at spectacular@slate.com. Subscribe to Slate Plus. It's only $1 for the first month. To learn more, go to slate.com/spectacularplus. Produced by Jasmine Ellis and Kevin Bendis Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In our upcoming season, we'll have stories on people who have "lost" their mother tongue, the language of self help, why certain sounds make us laugh, and much more. The first episode drops December 15. Subtitle is a production of Quiet Juice and the Linguistic Society of America. Music by Organized Chaos. Photo by Nola Cox.
In our upcoming season, we'll have stories on people who have "lost" their mother tongue, the language of self help, why certain sounds make us laugh, and much more. The first episode drops December 15. Subtitle is a production of Quiet Juice and the Linguistic Society of America. Music by Organized Chaos. Photo by Nola Cox.
Nicole Holliday and Ben Zimmer discuss a regional grammatical construction that is most common in the Philadelphia area, though it's also found in Canada and Vermont. Then they talk with journalist Allyson Waller about Black American Sign Language. Waller won the Linguistics Journalism award from the Linguistic Society of America for her New York Times piece “Black, Deaf, and Extremely Online.” Finally, we invite listener Ben Snitkoff to take part in some wordplay with an improv-comedy theme. Do you have any language questions or fun facts to share? Email us at spectacular@slate.com. Produced by Jasmine Ellis and June Thomas. Here are some notes and references from this episode: The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project page for the “done my homework” construction A Facebook Live video of a conversation between Britney Trumpy and Patsy Kelly “Black, Deaf, and Extremely Online,” by Allyson Waller for the New York Times The Linguistics Society of America's announcement of the 2021 Linguistics Journalism Award Nakia Smith's TikTok page The documentary Signing Black in America Science Ink: Tattoos of the Science Obsessed, by Carl Zimmer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Nicole Holliday and Ben Zimmer discuss a regional grammatical construction that is most common in the Philadelphia area, though it's also found in Canada and Vermont. Then they talk with journalist Allyson Waller about Black American Sign Language. Waller won the Linguistics Journalism award from the Linguistic Society of America for her New York Times piece “Black, Deaf, and Extremely Online.” Finally, we invite listener Ben Snitkoff to take part in some wordplay with an improv-comedy theme. Do you have any language questions or fun facts to share? Email us at spectacular@slate.com. Produced by Jasmine Ellis and June Thomas. Here are some notes and references from this episode: The Yale Grammatical Diversity Project page for the “done my homework” construction A Facebook Live video of a conversation between Britney Trumpy and Patsy Kelly “Black, Deaf, and Extremely Online,” by Allyson Waller for the New York Times The Linguistics Society of America's announcement of the 2021 Linguistics Journalism Award Nakia Smith's TikTok page The documentary Signing Black in America Science Ink: Tattoos of the Science Obsessed, by Carl Zimmer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today we are talking with Dr. David J. Thomas. Dr. Thomas has been at West Chester University since the beginning of 2020 and has been in the field of disability advocacy and support for more than a decade. Before coming to West Chester and alongside his disability work, he was a member of the English faculties at Temple University, University of the Arts, Virginia Wesleyan University, Old Dominion University and City University of Seattle. He holds a Ph.D. in Higher Education, an M.A. in Applied Linguistics, and a B.A. in Dramaturgy from Old Dominion University in his hometown of Norfolk, VA. He completed additional graduate work at the Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute at Stanford University and the Institute on Disability at Temple University. Today Dr. Thomas tells us about the services his office provides to college students: he works with students and their instructors directly to provide an optimal environment to further their education despite any limitations they may have. His dedication to the disabled student is truly admirable!
This is an exciting week! We are talking to Dr. Keren Rice of the University of Toronto, former President of the Linguistic Society of America, the Canadian Linguistic Association and the Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas. We discuss the Dene (formerly Athabaskan) languages of North America. Tune in for a fascinating discussion!
In our upcoming season, we have stories on notorious names, the future of Braille, a history of alphabetical order and much more. Look out the first episode with Patrick and Kavita on March 17. Subtitle is produced by Quiet Juice and the Linguistic Society of America. Music by Blue Dot Sessions. Photo by Patrick Cox. Patrick's dog, Louis, is working on coming up with the right words to tell his story.
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi RizziLinguistique généraleCollège de FranceAnnée 2020-2021Leçon inauguraleDepuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu'on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d'en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S'appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s'appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd'hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s'appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l'Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l'American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Luigi RIZZI est l'auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu'aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l'étude de l'invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l'acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi RizziLinguistique généraleCollège de FranceAnnée 2020-2021Leçon inauguraleDepuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu'on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d'en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S'appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s'appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd'hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s'appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l'Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l'American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Luigi RIZZI est l'auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu'aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l'étude de l'invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l'acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Luigi Rizzi Linguistique générale Collège de France Année 2020-2021 Leçon inaugurale Depuis plus de soixante ans, des chercheurs du monde entier collaborent à une vaste entreprise de description des langues humaines au sein de ce qu’on a appelé la linguistique générative, avec ce but extraordinaire d’en comprendre le noyau invariant et les propriétés fondamentales. S’appuyant sur un ensemble immense de données linguistiques, ils cherchent à saisir les propriétés générales du langage et les paramètres de variation entre les langues, mais également la capacité des locuteurs à produire de nouveaux énoncés, qui s’appuient sur quelques procédures essentielles du langage. Ce domaine possède également une dimension développementale : comment les enfants font-ils pour apprendre leur langue ? Pourquoi passent-ils par des phases systématiques ? — ; et bien sûr une dimension historique : comment la structure des langues évolue-t-elle au fil des siècles ? Ces efforts débouchent aujourd’hui sur une cartographie des structures syntaxiques, qui peut s’appuyer sur un riche dialogue avec les sciences cognitives. Plusieurs de ces questions constitueront le cœur des travaux de la nouvelle chaire Linguistique générale du Collège de France, confiée au linguiste Luigi Rizzi, qui a exercé dans les universités de Genève et de Sienne, et qui est un éminent membre de la British Academy, de l’Academia Europaea, de la Linguistic Society of America, et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Luigi RIZZI est l’auteur de plus de 175 articles, qui ont eu un impact considérable en linguistique formelle, mais aussi bien au-delà, jusqu’aux frontières des sciences cognitives, de la biologie et des sciences numériques. Son œuvre scientifique est incontournable dans quatre thèmes centraux de la linguistique contemporaine : l’étude de l’invariance et de la variation entre les langues ; la théorie de la localité ; la cartographie des structures syntaxiques ; et l’acquisition du langage. Entre 2014 et 2019, il a été lauréat et principal investigateur du Conseil européen de la recherche (ERC) pour le projet Syntactic Cartography and Locality in Adult Grammar and Language Acquisition (SynCart).
Deborah Zara Kobylt talks with Norma Mendoza-Denton, a college professor with almost a quarter of a century of experience studying and teaching anthropology and linguistics. Her latest project “Language in the Trump Era Scandals and Emergencies,” is a compilation of scientific analysis focusing on President Donald Trump’s language behavior written by language scholars from higher education institutions worldwide and Norma is the lead editor who spearheaded the project. Norma is a member of the American Anthropological Association and a past President of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, and currently on the exec board of the Linguistic Society of America
Cristina dunks into a segment about the NBA and how it’s hoping to protect its players with wearable technology as the league resumes the season in a Disneyworld-based bubble. Does the Oura smart ring really live up to the hype it can predict COVID-19 symptoms early? Darren provides important background and context after an open letter from the Linguistic Society of America calls for the removal of Dr. Steven Pinker.
This week, Ryan and Brian talk cryptics, metas, Cheez-Its, a mostly-good #NYTXW week, and a very special Contest of Now that you have to download (hint: it's a crossword puzzle). Other links: Peter Washington's weekly puzzle The Nation (two links explaining cryptics) Patrick Berry's site Andrew Ries's site Linguistic Society of America If you get bored, write something for the Fill Me In wiki. And if you're feeling philanthropic, donate to our Patreon. Do you enjoy our show? Actually, it doesn't matter! Please consider leaving us a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts. This will help new listeners find our show, and you'll be inducted into the Quintuple Decker Turkey Club. Drop us a note or a Tweet or a postcard or a phone call — we'd love to hear from you. Helpful links: Apple Podcasts link: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fill-me-in/id1364379980 Google Play link:https://player.fm/series/fill-me-in-2151002 RSS feed: http://bemoresmarter.libsyn.com/rss Contact us: Email / Facebook / Twitter / Instagram / Google Voice We're putting these words here to help with search engine optimization. We don't think it will work, but you probably haven't read this far, so it doesn't matter: baseball, crossword, crosswords, etymology, game, hunt, movies, musicals, mystery, oscar, pizza, puzzle, puzzles, soup, trivia, words
Welcome to Fiat Lex, a podcast about dictionaries by people who write them! Yes, really. Meet Kory and Steve, your intrepid and nerdy lexicographer-hosts who will give you the drudge's-eye view of English and dictionaries in all their weirdness. In our first episode, we: - blow your minds by telling you that "the dictionary" doesn't exist;- talk about how new words get into dictionaries (not by petition, so STOP ASKING) and how that's not as straightforward a process as you would think; - explain how lexicographers find new words, which sometimes involves beer and diapers;- touch on how words get taken out of dictionaries, and how that's not as straightforward a process as you would think, either. Assuming you think about such things. (Who are we kidding here?) BONUS FEATURES!- Kory spells a word aloud correctly, which will probs never happen again;- Steve channels Chumley the Walrus and then goes right into fancy linguist talk about velars and coronals;- Tennessee represents! TRANSCRIPT BELOW ----more---- Steve: Hi, I'm Steve Kleinedler Kory: and I'm Kory Stamper. Steve: Welcome to Fiat Lex, Kory: a podcast about dictionaries by people who write dictionaries. Steve: We're so glad you're here listening to us talk about this. So we've been thinking about doing this for while. Kory: Yeah, and we just want to give you a little intro. What's the whole point of doing a podcast about dictionaries? Well, dictionaries have lots of interesting information in them and everyone uses them. Steve: And who are we, you might be wondering? Why should you be listening to us as opposed to anyone who has a concrete thought about anything under the sun? Kory and I have both worked on a dictionaries for several years. I was on staff with the American Heritage Dictionary for over 20 years, Kory: and I was on the staff of the Merriam-Webster dictionaries for over 20 years. Gosh, we've probably got 50 years of editing experience between us. Steve: Yeah. Especially if you count all the stuff we did beforehand. I worked on a lot of dictionaries for a company that was called National Textbook Company that has since had been eaten and subsumed by other media conglomerates. They might be part of Tronc now for all I know. Kory: TRONNNC Steve: The Tribune group. And my background is I have a degree in linguistics. I took a lexicography course at Northwestern and I started getting freelance work from my professor after I graduated, and one thing led to another, as they say. Kory: And I have no degree in linguistics. I have a degree in medieval studies and I fell into this job-- literally, almost tripped on a newspaper which had the want-ad for the Merriam Webster position. Steve: Well, medieval studies though, are hugely important in this field from the standpoint of etymology or just understanding how words work. Kory: Yeah, that's true. There are a lot of medievalists in dictionary companies. We could run our own Ren Faire. Steve: Yes. And that ties in also--we have both written books. I have written a English textbook called "Is English changing?" published by Routledge and the Linguistic Society of America, Kory: And I have written a not-textbook, regular-book, called "Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries," which is out in paperback this year. Steve: And in that book you can find out how Kory literally tripped over a newspaper and ended up in the position that she did. Kory: So to speak. All right, so again, dictionaries. What are they? Why are they? Who uses them? Who cares? Steve: Everyone uses them to some extent, whether-- Even though people may not use print ones as much as people used to, certainly people look up words all the time, whether they enter terminology into a search bar or look it up in print. That content comes from somewhere. Kory: And we are the people who write that content. One of the questions we get all the time and we thought would be a great question to address today in our inaugural podcast, is how words get into the dictionaries that you use Steve: and how they get out of them. Kory: Yes. Yeah. Let's talk about--let's talk about how words move in and out. Steve: Well, it's important to note that some people-- you hear people refer to "The Dictionary" as if there were only one in one authority, kind of like the Bible--which is also laughable because there's multiple versions of the Bible as well. Dictionaries are still in the process of being written, compiled, dictionary entries are being drafted, edited, written, and existing ones change over time. Kory: Yeah. And not only do they change, but different dictionaries serve different purposes. So different definitions are going to look different depending on who the audience is, who's--which companies writing those dictionaries. You know, Steve and I wrote for different dictionary companies though everyone assumes that we wrote "The Dictionary." Steve: Everyone also assumes that we're constantly at war. Kory: We're not, we're buddies. Steve: We are. We're friends. Kory: Yay, friends forever! Steve: And as Kory mentioned, there are different audiences for dictionaries, not just different companies. So you could, for example--there are several different legal dictionaries out there and they are going to take a more ingrained approach to the legal defining than a general purpose dictionary will. And you will find all sorts of dictionaries. Slang dictionaries, for example. Kory: Yep. So, so with that in mind, we'll just talk about general dictionaries, which are dictionaries that we've both worked on. So how do words get into the dictionary? Steve: The answer is not whimsy. Kory: Sadly. So quit asking me to put your damn word in the dictionary Steve: Oh, actually: we're talking about how words don't get put in dictionaries, but a good way to not get a word included in a dictionary is to write to a dictionary company and say, "Hey, I invented this word," or "I think we should add this word." Even if you are a third grader who writes a very cute, plaintive letter. Sorry, but that's not how it works. Kory: Those are the worst letters, too, because we have to write back and say "no,: which is, you know...I mean. Steve: Who wants to to shatter the dreams of a third grader? Kory: Yeah. We are basically just autonomous thesauruses, but we still do have feelings. We don't like hurting other people's feelings. The way that words get in generally is through usage. Not usage as in, like, "I'm writing a dictionary and I've used the word now in print once, and so, enter it," but sort of sustained and widespread usage. And, generally, written usage, which is kind of a bugbear, but that's what we got. Steve: It also depends on the kind of word: you know, what realm it is, what category it falls into. Some words--and these are in the vast minority--have a very easy path. So if you are a scientist who has a synthesized a new chemical element, you and your team get to name that, and as long as the governing board approves it, that's the name. And you know what? In it goes, because the people in charge said so. So tennessine, for example, which was synthesized by researchers in several universities in the state of Tennessee, [they] named element 117 that. And uh, there you go. That's all you need. Kory: Tennessine? Steve: Tennessine. Kory: T-e-n-n-e-s-s-i-n-e? How do you spell it? Steve: [Chumley the Walrus voice] That's right, Charlie. Kory: [laughter] The amazing thing is that I just spelled that aloud, and I can't actually spell aloud. Steve: And that was a Chumley the Walrus imitation. I'm dating myself there. [Chumley the Walrus voice] Sorry, Tennessee. Kory: Alright, so usage. I said "written usage" and this is a bugbear. But the reason that we use written usage is it's a standard way that we can do it. So why don't we take spoken usage? Because that's actually that's how words get created first, is usually in speech. They usually don't get written down first. Steve: The words that are used in the spoken vernacular are completely 100 percent valid. And there are outfits out there that track this type of thing. Corpuses, which are large collections of words. There's some corpuses that compile a written documentation and other ones that compile samples of recorded speech. Dictionaries, however, tend to focus on words that have been written. Generally, but not always, and more so in the past than now. Not just written, but from edited sources. Kory: Yeah. Edited, prose sources. So poetry doesn't really count, because you can use a word with a really nonstandard meaning in poetry--or with no meaning in poetry, you can just use it for sound. But the part of the reason that's difficult is because we now have access to more transcripts of spoken English, and the problem with that as a lexicographer is, it's really actually hard to transcribe a word you've never heard before from speech into print. You can misspell it, you can mishear it. You can not understand the context. So. That's one of the reasons why we focus on written, edited English. Though the "edited," even that's kind of going away these days. Steve: More and more, you will see references to things in blog posts which aren't always edited, or even, you know, the comment section, or that kind of thing. And as to the spoken ones, you can phonological determine the phonemes that are used. But if you were transcribing-- it's the same problem that newspaper journalists have in quoting people. Usually the quoted English in newspaper articles is written out in standard English. Even though when you speak informally, you're changing the velar "-ng" at the ends of words like "going" to the coronal "-n," like "going" to "goin'", and you're probably not going to write "g-o-i-n-apostrophe" in most examples of written transcriptions. However, that is what is being said. So, would you include that? Would you not? In the past when you had the finite print page, that limited what you could put into a book. Especially when there's a regular phonological change like that velar to coronal nasal pattern that I mentioned. Kory: Right. So the other thing that's interesting about this is, this is how all words get in, and the way that you find new words to put into the dictionary has also--I think it's changed over even the last 10 years. Steve: Absolutely. In the past, when I first started, you had boxes and boxes of note cards on which someone had dutifully typed or printed out and pasted onto that note card, a usage of that word, also known as a "citation." But even in the nineties when I started, that shoe box of cards was already supplemented with returns from what we call a KWIC concordance. This program that overlays on top of a large corpus. You can search on a specific word and it will show you every instance of that word with five or 10 or 12 words, whatever you decide on either side of it, to get some context by it. So even in the nineties--and before then, I just wasn't working before then-- you're juggling these cards and these citations in your concordance. Kory: But even the way that we got citations I think has changed. It used to be--so at Merriam Webster, it used to be that all of the editors read for at least an hour, maybe two hours a day. We had a source list that was a list of magazines, journals, books--not just journals and magazines, but trade journals, specialty journals. And we would go through as an editorial floor and divvy stuff up and say, "You're going to be the one who's reading _National Review_ and _The Nation_, and you would read-- I mean, ideally you read every issue that got delivered to you, and you read looking specifically for words that caught your eye, which were generally new words or new uses of old words. And that's how we used to get citations. This was before these, these big corpora were available. I mean, not just available for purchase, but just available, period. Steve: The first edition of the American Heritage Dictionary back in the sixties used a corpus called the Brown Corpus, from Brown University. But in addition to these collected citations. So corpus material had always been used. However, editors still read in the manner Kory described and collected citations well into the mid-2000s, by which time, you know, much like every other corporation in the world, outside pressures meant more people were doing more things. And that was one thing that, because information was so much more easily obtainable, reading time for markup decreased over the years. But it wasn't just books or periodicals that you were assigned to. I remember once when we were discussing what the proper plural of "pierogi" is--is "pierogi" a plural? You know, those little Polish potato dumplings? Is the singular "pierog," which is what it would be in various Slavic languages, but not in English? I took a box of Mrs. T's Pierogies and cut the carton and pasted that onto a note card as citational evidence. And you will find in the files, not just handwritten stuff from way back when or, taped or glue- on photocopies. But sometimes you will find like portions of boxes or whatnot appended to these note cards. Kory: Oh yeah. I used to bring in things. At Merriam Webster, we had a filing cabinet where you put all of your marked materials, and we had a typists room--these poor women, their whole job was to type up citations and put them in our database and put them on cards. And I remember one day coming in--it was really early, early on in my time--coming in and someone had put like a Lean Cuisine box in the marking pile, and I went to go throw it away because I thought it was trash, and I saw someone had marked it. And then I went crazy. I think I've marked beer bottles and left them there. I remember marking diaper boxes when my kids were little. People mark menus, take-out menus-- Steve: What's with the focus on food that we're all marking? Kory: I'm really hungry. Yeah. Steve: Speaking of those poor women, we had a poor intern in the early 2000s--for some reason we had our main citation file, but there was also a separate one that had been started for a separate purpose. And it was annoying because you'd always had to check in two places. So over the course of three summers with three different interns, they had to alphabetize this smaller set of cards into the main ones--which, not only putting it in the right place, but then that of course forces everything back. Kory: Right. Steve: So it was, for three summers, this is basically what a college student did. Kory: That's life skills right there. I'm sure that's worth some kind of college credit. Steve: Yeah. And so through examining these citations, you find evidence of how long a word might have been used, how widespread it is. We generally don't enter terms that are hyper-specific to one, you know, one occupation or one location. It's a general purpose dictionary. So there's usually some type of general frequency. By the time a specialized term has also reached the general public, that's one indication that it's time to go in. Kory: Yeah. And I think the rate at which some specialized terms sort of become widespread is different. So I remember, both "AIDS" and "SARS" got into Merriam-Webster dictionaries really quickly, because it was, just sort of--all of that evidence was there right away. You knew that these were syndromes and diseases that were not going to go away. Steve: Ditto with us for "Zika." Kory: Yep. But the other thing that's really interesting is that, when you've got sort of this big body of words in front of you, you also see these really weird patterns of usage. Like, sometimes you'll have a word show up in print once every couple of years or once every five or 10 years, and then boom. And other times you have a word that shows up and booms right away, and then drops out of use really quickly. And particularly in the old days, when everything was dead-tree publishing, you couldn't justify entering a term that was brand-new unless you could justify that it was going to be around for another 10 years, because that was the lifecycle of a dictionary revision. And I mean, it sounds ridiculous, but in print publishing, you can't afford two or three lines on a page for a word that is just not going to be common in five years. Steve: It's this test of ephemerality that used to be very important. Of course, nowadays you can just add a term online, and it won't necessarily make it into print. I remember one of the very last words we entered for the fourth edition of the American Heritage College Dictionary was "dotcom," and it was, this was still in the late '90s. It was, I think, right before or during the bubble. It was probably a little sooner than we normally might have, but it was like, "all right, this is now or never. This word is probably going to stick around." In that case, it's like, let's err on the side of caution and put it in. But even at that point, the writing was on the wall, as they say. Kory: Yeah. And often, I mean, I don't know if it was like this for you, but I often found whenever we did revisions and we started looking through the citational evidence, I would always find more and more and more words to enter. And then you have to do this very weird--you have to get very choosy in weird ways. Steve: Or, if you're working on a printing--and again, this refers back to the day of... Did I just use "refer back" right? Is someone going to ding me on that? Kory: Sure, I don't care. Steve: I don't care either. Ding me if you want. Kory: Sense two! Sense two of "ding." Steve: yes. Uh--what were we talking about? Referring back? What am I referring back to? Kory: To print. Steve: Oh, right. So if you're doing a new printing and, say, someone has died and you have to "open that page" to fix the death date, then you can go anywhere on that page! It's like, "oh, I can add this, I can add this." So just by the sheer alphabetic accident of where the word falls, it's like, "This page is open, I can insert this word." Whereas if it was spelled slightly different and fell on a different page, you might not have been able to do that. Kory: Right. And which kind of--so, this underscores something that's really interesting too about dictionaries: that nobody realizes dictionaries are a commercial proposition. Everything is driven by how much will it cost, how much time will it take, will we recoup our expenses? And that's just, you know, that just doesn't happen very much with language. Steve: Here's an anecdote. The fourth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary was in full color. Kory: oh ho ho Steve: Which of course was expensive, but one thing it did: because the headword was in its own color, it meant that you didn't have to reverse-indent the entry. Kory: Ooooh. Steve: And because of that, the entries could be flush on the left margin, which gained us, like, two characters for every line of an entry after the first line. The Savings in space by getting those extra two characters aligned was one of the things that offset the cost of going into color. But of course, then we ate it up by just cramming that much more into it. The amount of space--I mean, when people...And this ties into our next bit about how do words come out of a dictionary (and the short answer is, not often), when we talked about all the new words that were added to the Fifth Edition that weren't in the Fourth Edition, and people said, "Where'd the space come from, it's the same length?" A lot of it was interesting design choices. Oh-- I'm sorry, that was between the Third and the Fourth. The fact that you didn't have to take up that space for the indent saved us, you know, allowed us to keep thousands of words. I mean, when you, look at two characters per line, over 2000 pages, that really adds up. Kory: And you know, when people ask about getting a word into the dictionary, one of the other parts of the commercial bit that no one realizes is that, you know, we are _never going to be caught up_ with getting words into the dictionary. We are always, always, always behind, always having to make these weird editorial choices that are half-based on, is this page going to be open? Or if you're going online, even, how many people can we get on staff who are going to be able to do this kind of defining quickly? And then we need to have someone proofread it, and we have to have someone copy edit it, and then the pronunciation editor needs to go through it, and then the etymologist need to go through it. It's not just me farting around at my laptop saying, "I'm going to enter the word 'CRISPR' today!" That doesn't happen. It still needs to go through, you know, anywhere from five to 10 other sets of eyes before it makes it online. Steve: "CRISPR" the gene editing? Kory: Oh yeah. Naturally. Steve: Shout out to Carl Zimmer. We can tweet at him after this podcast now. Kory: So, so that's how words get in. It's through written usage. That's not historically always been how it is. The earliest English dictionary, the word lists were just sort of... In the 1600s and early 1700s, they were mostly just words that the single author thought of. So whatever they thought was worth entering, whatever they thought was worth studying. So early dictionaries were hard-word dictionaries mostly, and they were written mostly by wealthy white dudes. Steve: And then, we're, of course, talking about living languages. If you are writing a dictionary of a dead language, it is possible to include every word. Because, you know, again, I always go back to Tocharian B. We know what words were used and unless there's another archaeological find where they find more inscriptions, the words that we have are the words that are there. And so you can have that finite list. Kory, how do words come out of a dictionary? Kory: With difficulty. So I don't know what the criteria at American Heritage is, but generally speaking, once a ,word gets into the dictionary, people keep using that word or people feel like they now have license to use that word more. They feel like the word has been made official even though that is not at all what the dictionary does. Steve: And like you said earlier, just that test for ephemerality. Because we're not adding words until we think they're going to stick around, there's, there's less chance of a word having to come out because it hasn't stuck. And you never know when it's going to come back to life. Kory: Oh God. "Snollygoster"! Steve: Oh yeah--you do "snollygoster" and then I'll do mine. Kory: "Snollygoster!" So very quickly, the way that we determine whether a word is eligible to be removed from the dictionary at Merriam-Webster is, you need to prove that it has had no significant historical written usage, and that it has no current written usage. And that's within a timeframe of, it really depends, but I think when we were doing the Collegiate, we were aiming for 50 years of no written use. Which, that's actually impossible to find now that everything is digitized. Now you can go on Google Books and you can find one dude in 1956 who has used this word consistently in every article he's written and...so now it breaks it. So, actually, we enter far more words than we end up taking out. And when we do take words out, it has to be well considered. Enter "snollygoster." So "snollygoster" is a word that's a noun, it refers to a shrewd or unprincipled person. And it was removed from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate dictionary for the 10th edition, I believe. So that would have been '93. And at that point, you know, they reviewed the evidence and said, eh, has a lot of use back in the forties and fifties, but not really much since. And we need the space. You always need the space. So they pulled it out and then it turns out that William Safire _really_ loved the word "snollygoster" and began using it in his columns. And then Bill O'Reilly_really, really_ loved "snollygoster" and began using it on his TV shows. And so for the 11th edition, pretty recently, we had to put "snollygoster" back in, because now people are using it again. Steve: And the example I like to use about the danger of removing words: in the late nineties when we were finishing up work on the Fifth Edition and we needed space on this one page, we talked about dropping the sense of "chad" associated with punch cards. Because usually when we do drop things for space, they tend to be geographical entries that are suburbs of Los Angeles or Chicago or something that's encyclopedic information. The space is much better used for a vocabulary word. But obsolescent technology is-- Kory: Oh yeah, that's a big one-- Steve: It's a fertile ground for possible deletions. And we almost deleted "chad." And then I remembered when it was going back and forth among the editors, I remembered that there were still some states that used punch cards for voting, and we're like, oh, well we should keep it in then. And lo and behold, one year later, right after the book came out, uh, _Florida_. And it's good that we kept it in, because suddenly "chad" was on everyone's lips. Kory: Yeah. Hanging chads, pregnant chads-- Steve: all those chads. Oh Chad. Kory: _Chad._ Steve: So, it's about that time. We hope that you have found this entertaining. Kory: Yeah. And if you want to tweet at us, you can tweet at us. We are @FiatLexPodcast, F-I-A-T-L-E-X podcast. One of us will answer you. If you have things you want to hear on the podcast, let us know. Actually,both of these questions, how do words get in and how do words get taken out, were suggested by faithful Twitter followers. Steve: Don't tweet at us that "FiatLex" is combining Greek and Latin. We know that and we'll talk about that in a later podcast. Kory: Yeah, you'll have to get over that. So thanks for joining us. We'll see you next time. Steve: Bye.
Lingthusiasm - A podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics
Every January, hundreds of linguists gather in a conference room somewhere in the US to discuss and vote for the Word of the Year. It’s the longest-running and most public WotY proceedings, and it’s part of the annual meeting of the American Dialect Society, a sister society of the Linguistic Society of America. Gretchen was there this year and the past few years, while Lauren has never been (but actively reads the #woty16 hashtag on twitter!). We discuss what the ADS Word of the Year vote feels like from inside the room where it happens, the categories and politics around selecting a WotY, look at the different offerings from other organizations that also name a WotY (Lauren is pretty pleased that Australian Word of the Year was “democracy sausage”, while Gretchen would like a Canadian Word of the Year for 2017, thank you), and end up wondering what even is a word. We also respond to finally going live! Thanks for all your comments so far, and if you have a sec to rate us on iTunes or wherever else you’re listening, we’d super appreciate it. Update: In the show we said that 'Trump’ was selected as sign for the year for Netherlands Sign Language. It was actually the Swiss Deaf Association, in Switzerland. For more information visit the show page: http://lingthusiasm.com/post/155962380426/lingthusiasm-episode-4-inside-the-word-of-the Listen to bonus episodes, suggest future topics, and help keep the show ad-free by supporting us on Patreon: http://patreon.com/lingthusiasm
Show #139 | Guest: Geoffrey Nunberg is an adjunct full professor at the School of Information at the University of California at Berkeley. His many books include the landmark Going Nucular, named one of the ten best nonfiction books of 2004 by Amazon.com and made best-of-the-year lists by the San Jose Mercury News, the Boston Globe, the Hartford Courant, and the Chicago Tribune. He’s a recipient of the Linguistic Society of America’s Language and the Public Interest Award. He also worked on the development of linguistic technologies for Xerox. | Show Summary: Donald Trump says Hillary Clinton is “wacky”. Clinton claims Trump is “dangerously incoherent.” In the political world, nearly every word is carefully honed to convey specific messages to a deliberately targeted audience. From the choice of vernacular to the number of syllables, the chosen language speaks volumes about America’s culture and subcultures – and the people who want their vote. Linguist Geoff Nunberg joins Angie to unravel what this election’s crop of words and phrases tells us about what we’re hearing and what’s behind it. And they’ll look at the evolution of political language from elections past.
On this episode, I am joined by Dr. Geoff Pullum, Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh where he has been since 2007. Previously, Dr. Pullum was a faculty member at University College London and at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University and a fellow of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. Dr. Pullum has previously served as Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, as Distinguished Professor of Humanities, and as Head of Linguistics and English Language. Dr. Pullum was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003, a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of American in 2007, and a Fellow of the British Academy in 2009. He is the winner (with Mark Liberman) of the Linguistics, Language, and the Public Award from the Linguistic Society of America in 2009 for work on the group linguistic science blog Language Log. He is also the co-author (with Rodney Huddleston) of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (2002), which won the Leonard Bloomfield Book Award from the Linguistic Society of America in 2004. Dr. Pullum also blogs at Lingua Franca for the Chronicle of Higher Education. Segment 1: What is theoretical research? [00:00-11:52] In this first segment, Geoff defines theoretical research and shares some examples from his own work. Segment 2: Explaining theoretical research to the public [11:53-22:12] In segment two, Geoff shares some of the ways he approaches sharing theoretical research with the public and how he employs humor. Segment 3: Co-authorship [22:13-33:39] In segment three, Geoff talks about a few of his many collaborations and how some of these experiences come to be. Bonus Clip: Being an Academic Blogger [00:00-5:18] In this bonus clip, Geoff shares how he began blogging as an academic and the insights he’s gained along the way. To share feedback about this podcast episode, ask questions that could be featured in a future episode, or to share research-related resources, contact the “Research in Action” podcast: Twitter: @RIA_podcast or #RIA_podcast Email: riapodcast@oregonstate.edu Voicemail: 541-737-1111 If you listen to the podcast via iTunes, please consider leaving us a review.
Old Professor Hockett; by James Riley Whitcomb; From World of Language, Volume I, Number 2 of The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, February 1991 — Old Professor Hockett came to our school one day, / To teach us some linguistics and earn a little pay. / More accurately, history was what he taught us all / In 1989, as the leaves began to fall; / And all us graduate students, when the clock struck one, / We’d gather in the classroom and have the mostest fun / A-listening to the stories that Hockett told about / And the Chomskyans that gets you / If you / Don’t / Watch / Out! (Read by Keith Slater.)
Optimality Theory Was a Hoax—Prince and Smolensky finally come clean; by SpecGram Wire Services; From Volume CLXVI Number 4, of Speculative Grammarian, March 2013 — At a tearful news conference during the 2013 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Allen Prince confessed that Optimality Theory was a hoax. “I just can’t live with the lies any longer,” he said. (Read by Brianne Hughes.)
Saussure and Bloomfield: The Question of Influence; by Tim Pulju; From Volume I, Number 4 of Gaugauh Kamadugha, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, August 1991 — One of the more vexed questions in modern linguistic historiography concerns the extent of Saussure’s influence on Bloomfield and through him on American structuralism as a whole. Rather than add to the discussion of that issue, I intend in this paper to point out the importance of another, related, but hitherto ignored question, to wit, what was the extent of Bloomfield’s influence on Saussure? (Read by Keith Slater.)
Review of “Mathematical Games, Puzzles, and Fallacies” by Sydney Lamb; by Henry Morgan; From Volume I, Number 4 of Gaugauh Kamadugha, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, August 1991 — Review Article: Lamb, Sydney. 1977. Mathematical Games, Puzzles, and Fallacies. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. 71 pp. (Read by Keith Slater.)
Review of Zhang, Jiannan, “The Relationships between Processes and Participants in Chinese: A Cognitive Approach”; by Jan Vanderkeller; From Volume I, Number 3, of Better Words and Morphemes, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, May 1991 — Dr. Zhang seems to be laboring under a strange delusion. To wit, as far as I can tell, he thinks that there are only 300 verbs in Chinese. Where he got this idea, I have no idea, since most people know that there are a total of 307 verbs in Chinese. Even more strangely, he has included in his sample two verbs, kan ‘look at, read’ and chi ‘eat’, which are not even really Chinese, but rather pseudo-Chinese (see Pengyou 1988 for discussion). This means that he includes only 298 of the actual 307 verbs of Chinese in his discussion. (Read by Keith Slater.)
Review Article: Carmichael, James Grant III. The Structure of Bee Communication; by James Grant Carmichael III; From Volume I, Number 2, of World of Language, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, February 1991 — Truly a breath of fresh air in the recently-stale field of animal communication studies, Carmichael’s book is a pure delight from page one. Apart from his lucidly clear prose and strikingly funny sense of humor, this highly respected author exhibits characteristically lucid analysis and clear formulations of his obviously profound thoughts. Space allows us here to touch on only a few of the books’ many engaging features. (Read by Keith Slater.)
Val Harmony; by Edgar Allan Slater; From Volume XVI, Number 1 of Langue du Monde, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, September 1991. — It was many and many a year ago, In a tower of ivory, That a maiden there lived who I did love, By the name of Val Harmony (Read by Jonathan van der Meer.)
The Learner’s Task; by K. Slater; From Volume I, Number 1 of Linguist of Fortune, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, November 1990. — Some say it isn’t any fun to imitate another’s tongue; while idioms and turns of phrase can often baffle and amaze the novice who must learn their ways. (Read by Keith Slater.)
Towards a Perfect Definition of the Term “Sign”; by Louis Capet; From Volume I, Number 3 of Better Words and Morphemes, The Journal of the Linguistic Society of South-Central New Caledonia, May 1991. — Saussure defined the sign as the union of the signifier and the signified. Steinmetz emphasized the importance of the interactional element. Burma-Shave proposed that a sign could only be understood in the context of adjacent signs. Modern linguistics has elaborated the concept of the sign system. (Read by David J. Peterson.)
➡️ Like The Podcast? Leave A Rating: https://ratethispodcast.com/successstory ➡️ About The GuestValerie Fridland is a Professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, with a distinguished career in linguistics and phonetics. Her research interests include sociophonetics, language variation and change, and regional dialectology. She has contributed significantly to the field of linguistics through her publications in prestigious journals such as Journal of Phonetics, Language Variation and Change, and American Speech. Valerie is also the lead editor of Speech in the Western States Volumes I, II and III, which are widely regarded as authoritative works on the phonetics and dialectology of the American West.In addition to her academic work, Valerie is an accomplished writer and communicator, writing a monthly column for Psychology Today. In her column, she applies her expertise in linguistics to topics related to psychology and mental health. Valerie's innovative research, insightful writing, and effective communication of complex ideas have earned her numerous awards and honors, including the Early Career Award from the Linguistic Society of America and the Regents' Award for Early Career Scholarship from the University of Nevada, Reno.Valerie Fridland's contributions to the field of linguistics are widely recognized, and she is respected for her expertise in phonetics, dialectology, and sociolinguistics. Her research has shed light on the complex ways in which language is used and how it varies across different regions and communities. Valerie's commitment to effective communication and outreach has also made her a valuable resource for those seeking to better understand the role of language in society.➡️ Show Linkshttps://twitter.com/FridlandValerie/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/valerie-fridland-0b29b5209/ https://www.valeriefridland.com/ ➡️ Podcast SponsorsHUBSPOT - https://hubspot.com/ MASTERCLASS - https://masterclass.com/successstory/ ➡️ Talking Points00:00 - Intro02:43 - Valerie Fridland: The Linguistic Journey05:45 - The Power of Language: How It Shapes Our Lives17:27 - What Your Language Choices Reveal About Your Personality22:02 - Women's Voices and Their Influence on Men's Speaking Patterns33:46 - Language and Society Beyond North America37:58 - The Globalized World: Implications for Language and Communication42:11 - What Your Language Says About You: Insights from Val45:56 - The Good in Bad English: Arguments and Perspectives53:33 - Um, Uh, and Other Filler Words: Why We Use Them1:05:14 - The Psychology of Swearing: Why We Do It1:13:18 - Accent and Identity: How Our Environment Shapes Our Speech1:19:23 - Val's Advice for Success and Her Contact Handles1:23:35 - Valerie Fridland's Definition of SuccessAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
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