Podcasts about Kanda

Aape Kanda Aap Taraji, ਆਪੇ ਕੰਡਾ ਆਪਿ ਤਾਰਾਜੀ (Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ang 605 Sabad 1563)

Hii leo jaridani tunakuletea mada kwa kina inayoturejesha hapa makao makuu ambako Idhaa hii Dokta Willis Ochieng kutoka Kenya aliyehudhuria ambaye ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalojihusisha na masuala ya kilimo na maendeleo. Pia tunakuletea muhtasari wa habari, na mashinani tunakwenda Ghana.Ukuaji wa maendeleo ya binadamu – yanayopimwa kwa uhuru na ustawi wa watu – umeendelea kuwa wa kasi ndogo tangu mshtuko mkubwa wa janga la COVID-19 lakini kuna matumaini makubwa kwamba Akili Mnemba au AI, ikiwa itatumika kwa njia sahihi, inaweza kuwa chombo chenye nguvu cha kuboresha maisha ya mamilioni ya watu. Hii ni kwa mujibu wa Ripoti ya kila mwaka ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu iliyotolewa leo na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mpango wa Maendeleo duniani, UNDP.Kulengwa kwa hospitali ya Médecins Sans Frontières nchini Sudan Kusini kunaweza kuwa uhalifu wa kivita imeeleza leo Kamisheni ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Haki za Binadamu Sudan Kusini kufuatia mashambulizi ya angani yaliyotekelezwa dhidi ya hospitali ya Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) huko Old Fangak, Jimbo la Jonglei mapema majuzi asubuhi ya Jumamosi na kusababisha vifo vya takribani raia saba na kujeruhi wengine. Shambulio hilo lilifanyika baada ya Jeshi la Ulinzi la Wananchi wa Sudan Kusini (SSPDF) kutoa onyo la kufanya shambulizi iwapo dai lao la kuachiliwa meli zao zilizotekwa halitatekelezwa.Ripoti mpya ya Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Afya Duniani, WHO, iliyotolewa leo imeonesha jinsi mahali mtu anakozaliwa kulivyo na mchango katika maisha yake. Ripoti inasema, “mahali mtu anakozaliwa huweza kuamua kama ataishi zaidi ya miongo mitatu kuliko mtu mwingine aliyezaliwa katika nchi yenye hali duni za makazi, elimu na fursa za ajira.”Na mashinani leo nampa fursa Dorcas Awortwe, Naibu Mkurugenzi wa Tume ya Maendeleo ya Kanda ya Kati kutoka Ghana, aliyeshiriki kwenye mkutano wa jukwaa la watu wa asili hapa Makao Makuu wiki iliyopita anazungumzia changamoto zinazowakabili watu wa asili katika jamii yake na ombi lake kwa Umoja wa Mataifa.Mwenyeji wako ni Leah Mushi, karibu!

Asian Development Bank President Masato Kanda on Sunday stressed the importance of addressing in a new approach rapidly growing uncertainties over the world economy attributed to factors including U.S. President Donald Trump's sweeping tariffs.

Underground sounds from the Buckeye State to the world stage! DJ Kanda's recent Magz FM Selector Series broadcast is a passport to global future soul you didn't know you needed.

Aujourd'hui, c'est un Épisode spécial – Interview Street en direct de La Java dans le 10e arrondissement de Paris À l'occasion du concert de l'e.p “Une Histoire Mal Racontée” de KNTH KANDA , j'ai posé mon micro au cœur de l'évènement pour écouter des voix incroyables, des talents comme tu en entends nulle part ailleurs.Au micro de cet épisode exceptionnel! 2h de pur KIFF :knth KANDA , rappeur et organisateur venu de Villeneuve-d'Ascq, porteur d'un univers fort.ikela , artiste complète entre R&B, rap et émotion à vif.cali , révélation dancehall, énergie lumineuse et puissance vocale.judeboxlie , capable de te coller un refrain dans la tête pour la semaine.radou , talentueux, drôle, imprévisible – un vrai showman.sirsthyvel , passionné à 200 %, sincère et engagé dans chaque son.bryan , l'animateur qui transforme la scène en volcan.vienna, douceur vocale et présence émotive rare.gameboisammy , flow tranchant.Laura, l'œil et la mémoire de l'événement, sans elle, pas d'archives. Plonge dans deux heures d'interviews, de confidences, de rires, et d'authenticité. Une immersion sonore totale, comme si t'y étais.

Asian Development Bank President Masato Kanda said Tuesday that countries should maintain appropriate policies amid growing global economic uncertainty caused by U.S. tariffs.

The recent arrest of Nigerian businessman Benedict Peters has drawn significant attention and prompted strong reactions from residents of the Aurora Apartments in Kanda, near Jubilee House.

Desirous of reaching Lanka in order to discover Sita, Hanuman takes a leap from a peak of Mount Mahendra and honouring with the touch of his hand Mount Mainaaka, which rose from the bottom of the sea to provide rest on its peak to Hanuman, encounters Surasaa (mother of Naagas), sent by the gods in the form of an ogress, who was waiting for Hanuman with her mouth open to devour him. He enters her belly assuming a minute form and comes out without killing her. Further he is met by another ogresss, Simhika by name, standing with her mouth wide open to gulp Hanuman. He enters her mouth after assuming a minute form and comes out after splitting her bely open and killing her. Then contracting his body into a minute form again in order to preclude the attention of the ogres, he descends on a mountain peak outside Lanka.Recitation: 00:00 - 34:32Translation: 34:36 - 01:24:22

Reminding Hanuman of his descent from the loins of the wind-god through Anjana and of the circumstances which led to his getting the name of Hanuman and also how he received boons from Brahma (the creator) and others, and glorifying him, Jambavan encourages Hanuman to leap across the sea and thereby deliver the monkeys from their wretched plight.Recitation: 00:00 - 06:23Translation: 06:28 - 15:15

Relating to Sage Nishaakara the circumstances which led to his being burnt, Sampaati takes before the sage a vow to give up the ghost by leaping from a mountain-peak. Recitation: 00:00 - 02:59Translation: 03:03 - 07:57

Sampaati communicates to the monkeys the prediction made by Sage Nishaakara, who could foresee future events by dint of his intuitive perception, that descending as Sri Rama elsewhere the Lord will dispatch monkeys in quest of Sita to the Vindhyan range and that Sampaati will get back his wings as soon as he tells the monkeys the whereabouts of Sita.Recitation: 00:00 - 02:46Translation: 02: 52 - 07:50

Even while Sampaati was this talking with the monkeys, a pair of beautiful wings shoot forth on his sides. Feeling transported with joy at their sight and showing them to the monkeys, assuring them that their purpose too will likewise be achieved, Sampati soars to the sky in order to test the power of his wings. Feeling encouraged by this, the monkeys too resume their journey further south.Recitation: 00:00 - 02:54Translation: 02:56 - 07:16

On the monkey heroes getting despondent at the sight of the (Indian) ocean which they found difficult to cross, Angada enquires of them if anyone of them was capable of leaping across the sae dividing India from Lanka. When all keep mum, he encourages all to proclaim each his own leaping capacity and prowess.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:54Translation: 03:58 - 09:36

Questioned by Angada, Gaja and other leaders of monkey hordes proclaim each his own leaping capacity ranging in an increasing degree from ten Yojana's or eighty miles to ninety Yojanas or seven hundred and twenty miles. Jambavan in his turn submits that he can leap full one hundred Yojanas or eight hundred miles but is doubtful about his capacity to return. On Angada declaring the same thing, Jambavan submits that for a work which can be entrusted to a servant alone, the services of a ruler would be out of place, and encourages Hanuman to take up the gauntlet.Recitation: 00:00 - 05:54Translation: 05:58 - 14:45

Proclaiming his own glory in order to dispel the fears of the monkeys after assuming enormous proportions with a view to leaping across the sea, and climbing up Mount Mahendra, Hanuman prepares to take a leap across the sea.Recitation: 00:00 - 08:20Translation: 08:24 - 19:33

Having inspired confidence in the monkeys, Sampaati proceeds to relate to Angada and others, who longed to hear more about Sita, the story of Sita's abduction in greater detail. He tells them how, having fallen on the Vindhyan range with his wings completely burnt by the scorching sun, he swooned and regained consciousness only on the seventh day, when he came to know that it was the Vindhyan range on which he had fallen. Descending with difficulty from the eminence, he made his way into the hermitage of a sage named Nishakara, and bowed down to him. Recognising him to be Sampaati, the sage inquired as to how his wings had come to be burnt.Recitation:00:00 - 03:40Translation: 03:44 - 09:53

Telling the monkeys how the cave was brought into existence, the ascetic woman, who name was Svayamprabha, feeds the newcomers, the monkeys, with fruits and roots etc., and, when they had taken rest, inquires of them what brought them to that spot.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:20Translation: 03:23 - 08:18

Having helped Sampati to climb down the mountain, Angada narrates to him the whole story from the entry of Sri Rama into the Dandaka forest to his own fasting.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:25Translation: 03:29 - 08:10

Praising Providence out of joy at the prospect of deriving sustenance for a long time on seeing a band of monkeys even as it emerged from a cave of the Vindhyan range on hearing their noise, the vulture king, Sampati (the elder brother of Jatayu), expresses his determination to eat them all up one after another. Depressed to hear the vow and declaring Jatayu, who had met his death at the hands of Ravana in the service of Sri Rama, while trying to deliver Sita from the former's clutches, as more fortunate than any of them, who were threatened with death even before accomplishing the purpose of Sri Rama, Angada reproaches Kaikeyi who was at the root of the whole mischief. Distressed to hear these words of Angada and telling Angada that he was the elder brother of Jatayu, and at the same time inquiring about the death of his younger brother, Sampati requests Angada to help him slide down from his high post adding that, his wings having been burnt, he was unable to fly.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:14Translation: 04:17 - 11:08

Sick of hearing the praises of Sugriva uttered by Hanuman and pointing out the faults of Sugriva and denouncing him, Angada proclaims to the monkeys his decision to undertake a fast unto death and actually sits down to fast. Condemning Sugriva with tears in their eyes and making the mountain caverns resound with their tale of woe commencing from the appearance of Sri Rama on the scene and ending with their determination to observe a fast unto death, the other monkeys too follow suit.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:05Translation: 04:09 - 10:12

Seeking to divert the minds of the other monkeys from the rebellious note struck by Tara, whose advice readily found favour with Angada and others, Hanuman warns Angada of the dire consequences which were sure to follow in case he chose to stay away from home, and assuring him of Sugriva's amiability and disarming all his fears about him, tries to convince him that they had better return to Kishkindha and report themselves to their king.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:45Translation: 03:49 - 09:40

While the monkeys were feeling dejected on coming out of the cave to see the tress covered with blossom, which led them to conclude that the latter half of winter had approached, Prince Angada reminds them of the fierceness of Sugriva and says that a fasting till death on their part will be preferable to an ignominious death at the latter's cruel hands. Another monkey general, Tara, for his part, suggests that they should take shelter in Svayamprabha's cave and thus escape the wrath of Sugriva, who dare not enter the cave. The monkeys fall in with the latter's view and make up their mind to re-enter the cave and take up their abode in it.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:48Translation: 04:52 - 12:31

Narrating the whole story from the entry of Sri Rama into the forest round about the Pampa lake down to the entry of the monkeys into the cave, and complimenting Svayamprabha on the hospitality shown by her and wishing to repay her hospitality, Hanuman inquires of her if he can be of any service to her. Svayamprabha, however, declines his offer saying that, being engaged in the practice of virtue, she has no purpose to achieve through another.Recitation: 00:00 -05:24Translation: 05:28 - 13:03

Interrogated by Jambavan as to how Sampaati came to know about Sita's abduction by Ravana, the vulture tells him that it was his son, Supaarshva, who related to him how, one day, while he was ranging along the seashore in search of food, he had seen a young lady, shining bright as gold, being borne away by an ogre, of whom he had come to know later on from the words of an eminent sage that they were no other than Sita and Ravana, respectively.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:55Translation: 04:59 - 11:56

Sampati tells Angada how having once soared with his younger brother to the neighbourhood of the solar orb in his eagerness to test their relative strength and flying power, he had his own wings burnt in trying to save the wings of Jatayu by spreading his own wings over them as a canopy, and dropped on a peak of the Vindhyan range. Inquired by Angada if he knew anything about the abduction of Sita, he acknowledged his having seen a youthful lady being borne away by Ravana and crying out "Rama", which now leads him to think that she was no other than Sri Rama's beloved spouse. Sampati further tells Angada how, gifted as he was with an inordinately long vision, he could see Lanka, the capital of Ravana at a distance of one hundred Yojanas, as well as the place where Sita has been lodged. On his expressing a desire to offer water to the spirit of his deceased brother, the monkeys take him to the seashore and bring him back on his having concluded the rite.Recitation: 00:00 - 06:25Translation: 06:31 - 16:07

Sugriva dispatches a contingent of monkeys under the leadership of Satabali in order to seek for Sita in the northern quarter.Recitation: 00:00 - 10:12Translation: 10:16 - 25:00[Land of Surasenas = area about Mathuralands of the Kurus = about the modern Delhilands of the Daradas = beyond Peshawar]

With a view to inspiring confidence in Sita, when found, Sri Rama hands over to Hanuman his signet ring as a token of recognition while sending him away to the south. Bowing down at Sri Rama's feet, Hanuman leaves his presence along with a contingent of the Vanara forces.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:02Translation: 03:07 - 08:10

Bowing to the command of Sugriva and leading their respective bands, Vinata and the other monkey chiefs set forth towards the quarter assigned to them by Sugriva.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:00Translation: 03:03 - 07:03

While Sugriva gave instructions to his various generals mentioning in detail the places they were to visit in the course of their expedition in search of Sita, Sri Rama was struck by the knowledge of world geography revealed by Sugriva and inquired of the latter how he had come to acquire such wonderful and accurate knowledge of geography. In reply to this Sugriva tells him of the encounter of Vali with Dundubhi, which led the former to conceive an inveterate hatred towards him (Sugriva) who then pursued by Vali had to range from one end of the world to another and this enabled him (Sugriva) to gather a first-hand knowledge of all parts of the globe.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:03Translation: 04:08 - 11:00

Even after scouring more than once the regions comprised in the quarter assigned to them, Vinata and others fail to get any clue to the whereabouts of Sita. Returning despondent even before a month, they bow down to Sri Rama and Sugriva and report their inability to find out Sita. They feel convinced for many reasons that Hanuman alone will be able to discover Sita.Recitation: 00:00 - 02:39Translation: 02:43 - 06:50

Accompanied by Angada and others, Hanuman seeks for Sita in the dense forests and caves of the Vindhyan range. Making their way into a forest whose trees had ceased to flower and bear fruits because of a curse pronounced by Sage Kandu, overwhelmed with grief occasioned by the loss of his son, the monkeys, who felt exhausted due to exertion, behold a demon. As the latter swoops upon the monkeys with a raised fist, Angada makes short work of him thinking him to be Ravana. Feeling exhausted through peregrination in the forest, the monkeys seek the foot of a tree.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:07Translation: 04:10 - 10:35

Asking the monkeys who accompanied him to the south and who had begun to feel diffident about their success to take note of the delay that was taking place in carrying out the command of Sugriva and to beware of Sugriva's wrath, which was sure to follow in consequence of the delay, Angada advises them to take heart and encourages them to pursue their search vigorously. Encouraged by his enlivening words, they sally forth once more to renew their search in the cave of the Silver Mountain and, getting exhausted after a strenuous search, repose awhile in a grove and get ready to resume their efforts.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:45Translation: 03:49 - 09:00

The time appointed by Sugriva for finding out the whereabouts of Sita in the southern quarter having been exceeded in ransacking the caves of the Vindhyan range, which were hard to explore, Hanuman and others, who were tormented with hunger and thirst, catch sight of a cave known by the name of Rkshabila. Concluding, from the presence of birds with wet wings at the entrance of the cave, that there must be water inside, the monkeys enter the cave, which was enveloped in thick darkness, in a line holding the hand of one another. Proceeding to a short distance, the monkeys behold an ascetic woman in a strange spot illumined by trees of gold. Greeting her, Hanuman inquires of her the name of the place.Recitation: 00:00 - 06:56Translation: 07:00 - 16:15

Fixing a time limit of one month, Sugriva dispatches Sushena and others to conduct a search for Sita in the western quarter.Recitation: 00:00 - 09:33Translation:09:37 - 22:33[ Chandrachitra = the modern district of MathuraBahlika = the modern BalkhKuksi = the modern Madhya PradeshThe river Sindhu = today's Indus]

Pointing out in pursuance of Sri Rama's command to one of his generals, Vinata by name, the regions in the east which could be penetrated into by monkeys, detailing the tracts worthy of note, and entrusting him with the task of conducting a search for Sita in those regions, Sugriva enjoins the general to return within a month after the work, adding that anyone returning after a month will be punished.Note:[Kaushiki = the modern KosiSindhu = the modern IndusPundra and Anga = roughly the modern district of Bhagalpur] Recitation: 00:00 - 11:47Translation: 11:52 - 30:03

Specifying the different regions of the Southern quarter and fixing a limit of one month for their return, Sugriva dispatches Hanuman, Nila, Angada and others to that quarter for finding out the whereabouts of Sita.Note: [River Varda = now known as WardhaAvanti = the modern Ujjain in Madhya PradeshVidarbha = now in MaharashtraVanga = the modern BengalKalinga = UtkalaThe city of the Pandyas = the modern MaduraiThe sea = the Bay of Bengal ]Recitation: 00:00 - 08:15Translation: 08:18 - 20:41

Last time we spoke about the fall of Mandalay. Fierce battles raged over northern Luzon as General Clarkson's forces advanced, capturing key locations while Colonel Volckmann's guerrillas targeted enemy positions. The challenging terrain favored Japanese defenses, creating fierce resistance. Despite this, American troops steadily progressed, securing hills and towns. By mid-March, the 38th Division's relentless push led to significant Japanese losses. The brutal history of POW massacres fueled American resolve, leading to further victories in the region, American forces, led by Major-General Jens Doe were given the task of invading Palawan. Despite facing fortified defenses and rough terrain, the 41st Division advanced under artillery and air support. Meanwhile, in Burma, British-Indian forces clashed with the Japanese, capturing key positions and repelling assaults. As tensions rose in French Indochina, the Japanese executed a coup, disarming French forces and establishing puppet governments. The conflict intensified, reshaping the region's power dynamics. This episode is the Fall of Iwo Jima Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Today we are picking up on Iwo Jima. By March 10, General Schmidt's Marine forces had finally breached the determined enemy defenses to reach the northeastern shore of the island. However, there were still some Japanese strongholds to eliminate in the central and southern areas. One of these was Cushman's Pocket, named after the commander of the 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines, and located around a devastated ridge overlooking the sea, which housed the stubborn resistance southwest of Hill 362C. The other stronghold, held by General Senda's remaining troops, was established on March 11 after General Cates initiated his final push southeast toward the sea. Consequently, while Colonel Wensinger's 23rd Marines advanced quickly to the coast, Colonel Lanigan's 25th Marines struggled to make headway, as they were quickly halted by intense rocket, mortar, and small-arms fire from Senda's pocket. Unbeknownst to the Americans, Senda had committed suicide on March 8 following the failure of his banzai counterattack, leaving the disorganized Japanese forces in the pocket without leadership. Meanwhile, General Rockey's 5th Marine Division had advanced all the way to General Kuribayashi's last line of defense in northern Iwo Jima, where the battered defenders were prepared to make their final stand. Following a 50-minute preparation involving air, naval, and artillery support on March 11, Colonel Liversedge's 28th Marines launched their attack on the left with three battalions in line, while Colonel Wornham's 27th Marines attacked on the right with four battalions. However, fierce resistance soon forced the combat to close quarters, resulting in the Marines advancing only a few yards—up to 50 yards—across the front. To the right, while the 21st Marines advanced northward to connect with the 5th Division, Colonel Kenyon's 9th Marines resumed their assaults on Cushman's Pocket. The 1st and 3rd Battalions effectively eliminated all resistance in the eastern sector, completely sealing off the area controlled by the Japanese. On March 12, these battalions launched an attack westward toward Cushman's Pocket, with Colonel Withers' 3rd Battalion serving as a holding force on the opposite flank. However, the Marines faced strong opposition and could only advance slowly against the camouflaged enemy positions. To the north, Rocky's units continued to face intense resistance, with Liversedge making no progress and Wornham achieving only minor advances. An intelligence officer with the 5th Division estimated that a minimum of 1,000 Japanese troops were defending the northern end of the island, and stated ". . . there is no shortage of manpower, weapons, or ammunition in the area the Japanese have left to defend." The entire northern tip of the island seemed to be honeycombed with caves and passageways. When a 500-pound bomb landed in the mouth of a cave near Kitano Pint, a big puff of smoke blew out the side of a cliff over 400 yards away, and another bomb landing in a cave entrance in the same area caused a ring of smoke and dust to come up through the ground for a radius of 200 yards around the point of impact. Meanwhile, to the south, the 25th Marines pressed eastward while Colonel Jordan's 3rd Battalion contained the pocket from the north. Supported by tanks, flamethrowers, bazookas, anti-tank grenades, and 60mm mortars, Lanigan's troops engaged in fierce combat with the heavily fortified Japanese forces in the pocket for four days. During this time, Jordan's 2nd Battalion cleared the beach road, allowing the Shermans to move behind the pocket. On March 13, as Withers' 3rd Battalion returned to the 21st Marines, Kenyon's 1st and 3rd Battalions continued their offensive from the east, making significant gains that reduced Cushman's Pocket to 250 yards. Meanwhile, following a successful water-borne reconnaissance of Kama and Kangoku Rocks the previous afternoon, an armored amphibian company landed on these islets without encountering any resistance. At the same time, Rocky's weary Marines maintained pressure on the ridge above the gorge, achieving only slight gains on the right. Fortunately, by March 14, it seemed that the slow, arduous progress of the past three days had enabled the 27th Marines to push through the last strong enemy positions along the northeastern side of the island. As a result, Liversedge was instructed to hold position while the 26th and 27th Marines advanced north and northwest against lighter resistance, successfully gaining up to 1,000 yards by March 15.After armored dozers hacked paths forward, tanks were able to lend support. The flame tanks were particularly effective during this phase and provided "the one weapon that caused the Japanese to leave their caves and rock crevices and run." Army planes flew the last air support missions of the operation on 14 March when five P-51's dropped fire bombs (gasoline and diesel oil mixture) and strafed in front of 3/27 from 1030 to 1100. From then on, the narrow confines of the area of operations prevented use of those planes that had performed so well in supporting ground troops. Artillery and destroyers continued to furnish limited support, firing a preparation for RCT 26 on 15 March and performing night harassing and illumination missions. Meanwhile, operations against Cushman's Pocket entered their final phase on March 14, when Kenyon's 1st and 3rd Battalions finally breached the last enemy defenses by nightfall and completed the cleanup of the pocket two days later. On March 15, Lanigan redirected the main focus of the attack on Senda's pocket to the south, ordering the two battalions in the center to engage aggressively, resulting in a gain of approximately 200 yards and a deep penetration into the left flank of the Japanese's strongest positions. During the night, enemy forces attempted to infiltrate Marine lines from the south, but each attempt was detected and thwarted. Lanigan launched his final assault on March 16, facing only small, isolated pockets of resistance that were quickly eliminated as his battalions advanced toward the beach road. That day, with organized resistance in the 3rd Division's area of operations coming to an end, the 21st Marines were deployed to relieve the 27th Marines on the right flank to continue the northwest attack. With strong naval and artillery support, Withers' 1st Battalion encountered light resistance in its sector on the right, while the 2nd Battalion faced tougher opposition from scattered enemy positions. Nevertheless, both battalions reached the coastline at Kitano Point by the afternoon and began mopping up. To the left, Colonel Graham's 26th Marines also advanced cautiously northwest, with tanks effectively neutralizing enemy positions as the Marines gained about 400 yards. Despite the presence of 500 determined enemy troops still resisting in the western section of Kitano Point and the draw to the southwest, Iwo Jima was officially declared secured by the end of the day. However, on March 17, the battle for the gorge commenced as the 26th Marines advanced under moderate rifle fire, reaching the northern coast before shifting their focus southwestward to confront the gorge in front of the 28th Marines. The gorge in which the last resisting Japanese were now cornered was rocky and steep-sided, approximately 700 yards long and between 200 and 500 yards wide. Rock outcrops cut this ravine into other minor draws that constituted major obstacles to all types of movement. The entire area was ideally suited to the type of last ditch defense the Japanese had adopted. All routes into the main gorge were swept by heavy and accurate fire from machine guns and rifles concealed in cave positions in the cliffs and outcrops. The plan for attacking this strong point called for the 28th Marines, with attached elements of the 5th Pioneer Battalion and Division Reconnaissance Company, to hold the southern rim along the steep cliffs, while the reinforced 26th Marines worked in from the north and east. For the next nine days exhausted Marines carried out a battle of attrition against the thoroughly entrenched enemy. Advances into the east end of the ravine were measured in yards as each cave had to be sealed off before further progress could be made. Flame-thrower tanks, armored bulldozers, and infantry combined operations to provide the power and teamwork necessary to penetrate the last stronghold. As they gradually pushed down the ravine, resistance concentrated around a large concrete structure built into a knoll near the eastern end. After two days of assaults that silenced the supporting positions, engineers used bulldozers to seal a door on the north side and then demolished the structure with five charges totaling 8,500 pounds of explosives. Nevertheless, the battle of attrition persisted, and it wasn't until the end of March 24 that the pocket was reduced to an area of about 50 by 50 yards at the northwest end of the draw. The following morning, units of the 28th Marines, which had taken full responsibility for the pocket, reached the coastal cliffs to finally eliminate the last remnants of resistance in the gorge. On March 20, the 147th Regiment, set to take over the defense of Iwo Jima, arrived from New Caledonia, and by March 24, it had relieved the 21st Marines to establish night ambushes and patrols. The Japanese defenders fought tenaciously until the very end, choosing death over surrender. However, Kuribayashi had one final assault planned. In the pre-dawn darkness of March 26, the final act of the tragedy was performed. Between 200 and 300 Japanese troops from Death Valley and other scattered positions on the west coast silently crept through the ravines of the 5th Division sector headed for a tented area between Airfield No. 2 and the sea occupied by a mixture of Seabees, Air Force personnel, Shore Parties and AA Gunners. Most of them were sleeping, secure in the knowledge that the battle was virtually over. In a coordinated three-pronged attack against unsuspecting Marines and Air Force ground crews, aiming to create maximum chaos and destruction. Kuribayashi and his men stealthily cut through tents, bayoneted sleeping soldiers, and threw hand grenades, resulting in the deaths of around 44 Airmen and 9 Marines. The noise soon alerted troops from the surrounding area, and Marines from a nearby Pioneer Battalion, african american troops from a Shore Party, and soldiers from the 147th Infantry joined battle in a frenzy of shooting, punching, kicking and stabbing. Once the initial surprise wore off, the defenders retaliated, engaging in a chaotic hand-to-hand combat until the 5th Pioneer Battalion quickly organized a defensive line and halted the attack. Dawn revealed the full extent of the carnage in the ruined encampment: 44 Airman and 9 Marines lay dead with a further 119 wounded; of the attackers 262 were killed and 18 captured. Lt Harry Martin of the 5th Pioneers had hurriedly organized a defense line during the attack and single-handedly killed four enemy machine gunners before dying himself. He was to be Iwo Jima's final Medal of Honor hero, bringing the total to an incredible 27.  The circumstances of General Kuribayashi's death have always been shrouded in mystery. Over the years various sources have suggested that he died in the fighting around Death Valley or that he killed himself in his HQ. According to General Kuribayashi's son, Taro: “It seems that it was after sunset on March 25 to the dawn of the 26th that surviving Imperial Japanese forces were obliged to stand still under the US onslaught and showering shells. Under such circumstances, he had his sword in his left hand and ordered the chief staff officer, Colonel Takaishi, who was beside him, 'Send snipers to shoot'. Sargent Oyama heard the order. Oyama, who was seriously wounded in the last combat, fell unconscious, was hospitalized by the US and after having served as a POW came back and testified the dreadful account of the night to me. My father had believed it shameful to have his body discovered by the enemy even after death, so he had previously asked his two soldiers to come along with him, one in front and the other behind, with a shovel in hand. In case of his death he had wanted them to bury his body there and then. It seems that my father and the soldiers were killed by shells, and he was buried at the foot of a tree in Chidori Village, along the beach near Osaka Mountain. Afterwards General Smith spent a whole day looking for his body to pay respect accordingly and to perform a burial, but in vain.” Following the destruction of this final force, the capture and occupation phase of the Iwo Jima operation was declared complete. Over 34 days of combat, approximately 18,000 Japanese soldiers were killed, and 216 were taken prisoner, while the American side suffered heavy losses: 6,821 killed, 19,217 wounded, and 137 tanks destroyed. On April 4, the 147th Regiment took over full responsibility for the ground defense of Iwo Jima as the Marines were departing the island. Throughout April and May, aggressive patrols and ambushes by infantrymen resulted in an additional 867 prisoners and 1,602 Japanese killed, with the Americans losing 15 killed and 144 wounded. Meanwhile, General LeMay's 21st Bomber Command continued its firebombing campaign against Japan. After the successful Tokyo Great Air Raid and a less effective attack on Nagoya, LeMay decided to send 301 B-29s on the afternoon of March 13 to strike Osaka. Despite having to use radar bombing due to cloud cover, American bombardiers achieved a denser and more uniform bombing pattern than the impressionistic methods employed in Nagoya. This resulted in the destruction of 8.1 square miles in the city's core, including commercial and industrial areas, and caused 13,129 civilian casualties, with the loss of 2 bombers and 13 others damaged. Keeping up the intensity of the firebombing campaign, LeMay dispatched 307 B-29s to attack Kobe on the night of March 16. They faced 314 enemy interceptors, which proved ineffective against the Superfortresses unleashing fire over the port. Consequently, the fire on March 17 spiraled out of control, obliterating the eastern half of the business district and devastating a significant industrial zone to the southeast, including the Kawasaki shipyards. Japanese statistics show that the destruction was appalling. About 500 industrial buildings were destroyed, 162 damaged. The loss of 65,951 houses left 242,468 persons homeless. Police reported 2,669 dead or missing and 11,289 injured. Although the destruction was devastating for the Japanese, LeMay was disheartened to find that only 2.9 square miles of the city had burned. To complete his campaign, LeMay sent 313 bombers back to Nagoya on the night of March 19, utilizing radar techniques to cover a large portion of the city. This resulted in the burning of 3 square miles, including the Nagoya arsenal, freight yards, and Aichi's engine works. With an average of 380 aircraft, the 21st Bomber Command conducted 1,595 sorties over 10 days, dropping a total of 9,365 tons of bombs. The results far exceeded expectations, as the B-29s left a trail of destruction across four major cities, decimating 32 square miles and destroying numerous critical targets. Thus, LeMay's strategy proved successful, leading to incendiary area bombing becoming standard practice in the future. The focus now shifts from the Central Pacific to the South Pacific, where we need to address the ongoing Australian operations in New Britain. Following the capture of Milim and Ea Ea in January, General Ramsay's 5th Division aimed to continue its limited advances to the north. To secure crossings over the Ip River and patrol towards Henry Reid Bay, the entire 6th Brigade began moving to the Kiep-Milim area on January 26, completing this relocation by February 11. Concurrently, the 14th/32nd Battalion had advanced beyond the Ip and was conducting patrols towards Kalai Plantation, where they faced enemy resistance. The 36th Battalion also moved forward to Mavelo Plantation, leading to retaliatory actions against the new Australian outpost at Baia. In response, Ramsay dispatched stronger patrols to the Sai River throughout February, successfully establishing a new defensive line along the Mavelo River by the month's end. Returning to Wide Bay, after a series of aggressive patrols and nighttime ambushes, the 14th/32nd Battalion managed to reach Kamandran Mission by mid-February. The Australians continued to advance, and by the end of the month, the 19th Battalion, which had replaced the 14th/32nd at Gogbulu Creek, secured crossings over the Mevelo River and patrolled east toward the Wulwut River. On March 3, Ramsay ordered the 6th Brigade to cross the Wulwut and capture the Waitavalo Ridge. Two days later, the 19th Battalion initiated the assault but struggled to push more than one company across the river due to fierce enemy resistance. On March 6, following an artillery bombardment, another company successfully crossed and quickly seized Cake Hill. The next day, Lone Tree Hill was taken following another round of artillery bombardment. By March 10, Moose Hill, Young's Hill, and Perry's Knoll had also been captured. In the days that followed, Australian artillery began to suppress enemy mortars as infantry moved toward Kath's Hill. By mid-March, the 14th/32nd Battalion replaced the 19th Battalion, and on March 16, the Australians resumed their offensive, facing fierce resistance but successfully encircling Bacon Hill. The assault continued the next day as the 14th/32nd fought to reach the summit of the hill. On 18th March the mortar fire was intensified from the few remaining enemy positions, and it seemed that the Japanese were firing off their ammunition while they could. The attack was resumed. When Corporal Martin's section was halted on the steep spur by fire from three posts he jumped up shouting, "They can't do that to me", and went on alone, firing posts, killing five, before he himself was hit. The decisive attack was launched through this foothold. By 3 p.m. all the Japanese had been cleared from Bacon Hill; and a patrol from Kath's, under Lieutenant Lamshed,3 penetrated to a knoll 800 yards to the east and found no enemy there. No Japanese now remained in the Waitavalo-Tol area. In the five days from the 16th to the 20th 4 officers and 53 others had been killed or wounded.  In the following days, patrols ventured deep into enemy territory but found few stragglers. On March 21, the 19th Battalion took over again and advanced toward the Bulus and Moondei Rivers. On March 28, Ramsay ordered the 13th Brigade to relieve the 6th Brigade, a transition that was completed by April 12. Following the capture of Waitavalo Ridge, there were four months of infantry patrolling and routine maintenance by other troops, with the 16th Battalion patrolling forward to Jammer Bay in this area. Additionally, looking west, a company from the 36th Battalion successfully landed north of the Sai on March 30 but could not proceed to the Matalaili River due to heavy rains. However, Japanese positions there were heavily bombarded by aircraft and the sloop Swan, prompting the defenders to withdraw to the Toriu River in April. Meanwhile, Brigadier King's 16th Brigade advanced to the Ninahau River by March 12, while Brigadier Moten's 17th Brigade continued its westward push through the Torricelli Mountains, aiming to capture the Japanese base at Maprik. Throughout March, the 2/7th Battalion executed several successful ambushes from their new bases at Ilahop, Balangabadabil, and Bombeta, while Hayforce advanced through Sinahau to the north of Utumugu and eastward to Tatimba. By early March, Moten had cleverly led the enemy to believe that the primary offensive would be launched by the 2/10th Commando Squadron from the north via Ami. As a result, the Japanese bolstered their forces in that area, successfully driving back Australian patrols from Chaulak, Gwanginan, and Wambak. On March 13, the commando outpost at Milak came under attack, with the Japanese gradually encircling the position in the following days but failing to overcome the defenders' steadfast resistance. Fortunately, by March 17, patrols had restored communication lines, and two days later, the enemy pressure finally subsided. During this time, smaller Japanese forces also targeted the commando outposts at Murak and Aupik, but the defenders managed to repel these attacks as well. However, as the 2/10th was completely exhausted, the 2/6th Battalion was dispatched to relieve the commandos in late March amid a new wave of Japanese assaults. Meanwhile, the 2/7th Battalion was engaged in assaults on the fortified enemy positions at Ilaheta, which fell on March 20. The Australians then turned their attention to the Aupik villages, successfully focusing their efforts on the west bank of the Ninab River by the end of March, coinciding with Hayforce's crossing of the Amuk River. In the following three days, the 2/7th Battalion cleared all opposition along the eastern side of the Ninab in preparation for the final push toward Maprik. Consequently, General Miyake's 78th Regiment was ultimately compelled to retreat toward Jamei. Looking further north, King decided to initiate his advance towards But. By mid-March, a company from the 2/2nd Battalion had crossed the Ninahau on March 14 and quickly moved through Bai and Ultan. Although the Australian advance faced a strong enemy position that delayed progress for two days, the 2/2nd ultimately broke through Manib Creek, catching the defenders off guard and swiftly capturing the But airfield on March 17. Following this, the Australians patrolled the foothills and the Old German Road towards the Dagua airfield, encountering minimal resistance. Consequently, on March 21, the 2/2nd advanced rapidly again, successfully taking Dagua while the 2/1st Battalion moved in to secure But. At this stage, Japanese resistance along the coast was light, as General Adachi had focused on the Maprik district, which could produce more food. With the main enemy forces now concentrated in the hills to the south, King directed the 2/2nd to clear the foothills south of Dagua and eliminate the enemy in the Tokoku Pass, while the 2/3rd Battalion launched a flanking attack in the Mabam River-Hamsuk-Yalaminuni area. The 2/2nd then patrolled deep towards Magahen and Wonginara Mission, facing strong resistance at the 1410 Feature. On March 24, they finally captured the feature, while another patrol reached Wonginara without encountering enemy forces. However, in the final days of March, the Australians struggled to advance against the strong resistance of the Japanese defenders on the Wonginara Track, although one patrol successfully probed towards Kauremerak Hill. On April 2, following intense air and artillery bombardments, the 2/2nd Battalion finally managed to break through to Tokoku Pass, which was secured the next day. Meanwhile, another patrol advanced south from Dagua to the Autogi-Walanduum area and then to the coast near Kofi. The 2/3rd Battalion moved south from Feature 1410 towards the Mabam River and Wonginara Mission, successfully eliminating a series of Japanese ridge positions by April 6. The 2/1st Battalion patrolled deep into the hills south and west of But, completely clearing the area by April 1 while also pushing eastward to capture Saburuman. Concurrently, the 2/3rd Machine-Gun Battalion advanced to the upper Ninahau, effectively clearing the region up to a north-south line about two miles beyond Muguluwela by the end of March. In early April, the machine-gunners successfully cleared the Marabus area and connected with the 2/1st Battalion. Finally, it was time to shift focus to Bougainville to continue covering the Australian offensives on the island. As previously noted, Brigadier Stevenson's 11th Brigade had secured the Tsimba Ridge area, while Brigadier Field's 7th Brigade was advancing south towards the Puriata River. The swift capture of Mosigetta and the unexpected secondary landing at Toko had already compelled the Japanese to retreat behind the river amid a command crisis. The Japanese policy of resisting the southward advance more strongly even if it entailed heavier casualties failed to impose the hoped-for delay of the Australians. Nevertheless the Japanese leaders considered that the 13th Regiment's "swift damaging hit-and-run tactics" were well executed. However, Mosigetta was at length abandoned and a withdrawal south of the Puriata ordered. The landing at Toko was unexpected and caused an acceleration of this withdrawal. There now occurred a major crisis in the Japanese command. The young reserve officers were highly critical of the conduct of the campaign and blamed the policies of the older professional officers for the constant reverses. This criticism became so outspoken that, in February, a number of the younger officers were relieved of their commands; perhaps partly as an outcome of this crisis, General Hyakutake suffered a paralysis of his left side. General Kanda took command of the 17th Army and Lieutenant-General Akinaga Tsutomu, Chief of Staff of the Army, succeeded him in command of the 6th Division. "This change of command was regarded favourably by the younger officers, but it soon became apparent that Kanda intended to pursue the same policy as Hyakutake. Kanda was a shrewd, hard, fussy little professional soldier of long experience. He was steeped in tradition and a ruthless commander, but even his bitterest critics admitted his capabilities. Akinaga… was a dyed in the wool militarist and a strict disciplinarian. Unused to an active command he was plunged into a situation which was a little out of his depth. One of his staff stated that he spent too much time doing a corporal's job in his forward battalions to be a good divisional commander." In late February, General Bridgeford's forces advanced toward the Puriata, facing only minor rearguard positions. The 25th Battalion captured Barara on February 22 and a five-acre garden two days later, while the 61st Battalion took control of another garden measuring 600 by 400 yards near the river on March 1. Meanwhile, the 2/8th Commando Squadron was sent to secure the Makapeka area, successfully taking Commando Ridge and a ford across the Makapeka River by March 5. With General Savige aiming to reach the Hari River next, Bridgeford promptly ordered the 7th Brigade to move to the Hongorai River line. As a result, Field planned to initiate his main advance on March 11, utilizing the 25th Battalion and the 2/8th Commando Squadron, while the 61st Battalion pushed forward toward Horinu. In response, Kanda dispatched the 23rd Regiment to bolster the 13th at the front, preparing both units for a full-scale counterattack should the Australians cross the Puriata, aiming to delay the enemy long enough to finalize preparations for a decisive battle along the Silibai-Porror Rivers. By March 5, the 25th Battalion had already crossed the river and swiftly captured Slater's Knoll, which soon came under enemy mortar fire. Patrols were sent ahead and found that the 13th Regiment was poised to fiercely contest the Australian advance. Although the northern flank of the 25th Battalion would be effectively contained along the Buin Road on March 11, two Australian companies managed to maneuver through Tokinotu to the south, reaching Hiru Hiru by the end of the day. One of these companies moved along the eastern side of the Buin Road toward Slater's Knoll, but from March 15 to 17, they faced a heavy counterattack that ultimately forced them to withdraw. In response, Field initiated a strong offensive along the Buin Road on March 19, managing to push the Japanese back to some rear positions. Following a significant air and artillery bombardment, the attack resumed on March 22, successfully overcoming all enemy resistance. Meanwhile, the commandos advanced to Nihero, where they began extensive patrols southward towards Unanai, Hari, and the Buin Road. During one of these patrols, they captured detailed orders for a large-scale Japanese offensive planned for early April. As a result, Bridegeford decided to pause his offensive and send the 15th Brigade along with a tank squadron to Toko to reinforce his perimeter. On March 28 and 29, before Akinaga's main assault, the Japanese conducted a series of raids on the Australian lines of communication and rear areas, all of which were successfully repelled by vigilant defenders. On March 30, the 13th Regiment launched several strong attacks against the 25th Battalion, all of which were costly for the attackers and repelled, while the armored squadron advanced toward Tokinotu. Just as the tanks reached the front, the Japanese initiated another wave of fierce attacks against the 25th Battalion on March 31, which were thankfully repelled with the support of the armored units. Consequently, on April 1, two companies advanced again, establishing a perimeter 1,000 yards south of Slater's Knoll. That evening, and for the following three days, Akinaga launched a series of raids to facilitate the arrival of the 23rd Regiment for a renewed assault. In the early hours of April 5, the Japanese began infiltrating the Australian perimeter, launching a vigorous two-pronged assault on Slater's Knoll later that morning. The 23rd Regiment attacked about 1,000 yards to the right of the 13th and north-east of it. The attack failed, Kawano was killed and the regiment withdrew south to the rear of the 13th. The 13th Regiment with 600 men made the main attack from north and east.  Until 6.20 a.m. wave after wave charged forward and was brought low. Some Japanese fell within four yards of the weapon-pits. The artillery sent over accurate defensive fire, registered the previous day. At dawn the surviving Japanese were heard digging in on dead ground. As the light became clearer, the Australians saw that "enemy dead lay, literally, in heaps in front of the wire", and bodies could be seen scattered over an area some 200 yards square. It was gruesome evidence of the efficient siting of weapons and choice of fields of fire in preparation for expected attack. The attackers were ordered to dig in until darkness and make full use of grenades and mortars. However, in the afternoon, tanks and artillery fire drove the Japanese from the positions they had gained, and the Japanese commander accepted defeat. All three battalion commanders in the 13th were killed. After Akinaga had reported his failure Kanda said to his Chief of Staff, Colonel Yoshiyuki Ejima: "It would not have happened if I had been in command. The enemy right flank was wide open. I would have severed his life line and controlled Toko. We could have delayed the enemy for three months."  Concurrently, around 100 Japanese troops attacked the two forward companies along the Buin Road but were similarly repelled with ease. Following the unsuccessful counteroffensive by Akinaga, Slater's Knoll received reinforcements while the remaining Japanese forces were being dealt with, resulting in 620 Japanese fatalities since March 28, compared to 189 Australian casualties. However, Bridgeford could not capitalize on this victory due to the prolonged supply line, which temporarily halted his offensive. As a result, while the 2/8th Commando Squadron moved forward along the Commando Road, the 13th Brigade began to relieve the battered 7th Brigade under Field on April 13. Meanwhile, in the northern sector of the 11th Brigade area, the 26th Battalion launched a significant advance northward on February 21, successfully overrunning the Lalum-Downs' Ridge area by March 8. Two companies then advanced further north to secure the crossing of the Nagam River. On March 13, another company landed near the southern edge of Soraken Plantation and quickly pushed the enemy back behind the Nagam. Australian patrols harassed the Japanese forces at Horseshoe Knoll until March 20, when they finally withdrew. Simultaneously, the 26th Battalion eliminated the remaining enemy positions at the Compton River and secured the Soraken Peninsula, while the Taiof and Saposa Islands were also captured off the coast. The next battalion to take over the forward positions was the 31st/51st Battalion. Perhaps the outstanding patrol leader in the 31st/51st was Lieutenant Reiter, who led out 3 patrols which killed 10 out of the 78 Japanese killed by this battalion's forays. One of these patrols was named by the battalion "the raid on Reiter's Ridge". Reiter and 15 men were given the task of harassing the Japanese occupying a prominent ridge just east of Sisivie and discovering their strength. They departed from Keenan's Ridge at 17:30 on March 27, bivouacked at a former artillery observation post and moved on at 03:00 next morning for a dawn attack. At 06:00 “the patrol moved in, and throwing grenades and firing LMG occupied a small knoll (its report stated). 2 Japanese were killed and 1 pillbox containing LMG destroyed. Patrol raced down narrow neck to a wide clearing in which several huts were sighted. Phosphorus and HE grenades were thrown. In a matter of seconds 4 more Japanese killed (2 in slit trenches, 1 as he ran and another while abluting). 2 were wounded by phosphorus grenades. 3 huts were blazing and 1 (considered to be an ammunition dump) blew up. Enemy opened up with one LMG and 15 rifles and patrol pulled out with 1 man wounded.” Instead of hastening them away Reiter assembled his men nearby in concealment and watched the enemy. At length Japanese began to move about again, and soon they were washing clothes, chopping wood and performing other tasks. There were from 25 to 30 enemy in the post. The Australians watched throughout the morning and at 12:30 opened fire with all their weapons. 2 Japanese were killed and 4 more huts set on fire. The enemy fired back, and at 01:15 Reiter withdrew his men and returned to Keenan's Ridge leaving an ambush on the enemy's track. The ambush party returned later and reported that it had seen no movement.  On the 29th, the day after Reiter's return, a platoon of the 1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion under Lieutenant Martin set out for Buritsiotorara along the Wakunai River. There they found three huts and a large garden with seven Japanese moving about unarmed. Throwing grenades and firing from the hip the native soldiers attacked and killed all seven. Three more who emerged from a hut were chased and killed. Three of the dead men were found to be lieutenants; three machine-guns were cap-tured. Next day at Aviang, 1,200 yards away, seven more Japanese were seen, of whom three including another lieutenant were killed and the others fled. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The battle for Iwo Jima had come to a bitter end. The lessons learnt on Iwo Jima would become guidelines for the Battle of Okinawa in April and would influence allied plans for the invasion of the Japanese home islands. The war planners would later notably take into account that around a third of the troops committed to Iwo Jima, and later again at Okinawa, had been killed or wounded and that they could expect far more in Japan.

While Sri Rama and Sugriva were deliberating with each other, Satabali and other generals of the monkey army, followed by hordes of countless monkeys of various species, which covered the sky with the clouds of dust raised by them, arrive in their presence and bow down at their feet.Recitation: 00:00 - 07:37Translation: 07:41 - 17:33

Embracing Sugriva, who came all the way on a palanquin with Lakshmana, and bowed down at Sri Rama's feet, and offering him a seat, the latter instructs him in a nutshell in statecraft and reminds him of his business. Expressing his indebtedness to Sri Rama for the unique favour done to him and giving to him an account of the efforts made by him, Sugriva in his turn gratifies him by apprising him of the arrival of countless monkeys from all parts of the globe.Recitation: 00:00 - 05:48Translation: 05:52 - 13:45

When Lakshmana gets pacified by the conciliatory words of Tara, Sugriva glorifies Sri Rama and requests Lakshmana to forgive his delinquency. Regaining his normal self, Lakshmana too craves the forgiveness of Sugriva for the harsh language employed by him in a fit of anger and asks him to approach Sri Rama and beg his pardon.Recitation: 00: 00 - 03:28Translation: 03:24 - 08:30

Sugriva commands Hanuman to dispatch messengers for collecting troops from all the four quarters. Receiving the message of Sugriva, monkeys flock from all sides into his presence. Giving presents of fruits and roots etc., to their king, the messengers sent in advance by Nila, announce to him the arrival of all the monkey hordes.Recitation: 00:00 - 06:15Translation: 06:19 - 14:22

Seeing Sugriva dismayed to hear of Lakshmana's wrath from the mouth of Angada, Hanuman tells Sugriva that the delay in honouring the understanding arrived at with Sri Rama was at the root of the latter's displeasure, and advises Sugriva to pacify Lakshmana and initiate the search for Sita.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:44Translation: 03:50 - 09:23

Concluding from the angry words of Sri Rama that he was wroth against Sugriva, Lakshmana gets ready to kill the latter. Pacifying Lakshmana, Sri Rama, however sends him to Sugriva with instructions to adopt a conciliatory attitude towards him. Reaching Kishkindha with a bow and arrow in hand and assuming an angry demeanour, Lakshmana asks Angada to announce his arrival to Sugriva. Even when apprised of Lakshmana's arrival by Angada, Sugriva, who was drunk with wine, is unable to follow Angada and comes to realise the gravity of the situation only on hearing the clamour of the alarmed monkeys and on being awakened to the reality by two of his foremost ministers and implored by them to pacify Lakshmana.Recitation: 00:00 - 08:43Translation: 08:48 - 22:40

Ushered into Kishkindha by Angada and others, Lakshmana beholds stately mansions and other curios on both sides of the main road and, hearing the sound of vocal music accompanied by the sound of various musical instruments as well as the sweet jingling of anklets etc., coming from the palace of Sugriva, twangs his bowstring. Hearing the twang of his bow, Sugriva dispatches Tara to him and the latter tries to pacify Lakshmana by apprising him of Sugriva having already sent his generalissimo Nila to collect all the money forces scattered here and there. His anger having been appeased to some extent by the news, he is led by Tara to the gyneceum and sees Sugriva.Recitation: 00: 00 - 11:25Translation : 11:30 - 29:29

Lakshmana warns Sugriva to rectify his mistake in neglecting his duty of conducting a search for Sita, which amounted to ingratitude on his part, and not to follow the path of his elder brother, Vali.Recitation: 00:00 - 03:30Translation: 03:35 - 09:14

Consoling Lakshmana, who was wroth against Sugriva, by showing reasons for the delay, Tara requests the former to compose himself, assuring him that everything will be accomplished.Recitation: 00:00 - 04:12Transition: 04:15 - 10:23

Glorifying Sri Rama as a hero, Lakshmana comforts his brother who was wailing in many ways at the thought of Sita, his agony of separation from her having been accentuated by the sight of the autumnal full moon and the water-lilies opening their petals during the night. His heart being captured by the wealth of beauties of autumn, Sri Rama extols the autumnal season and seeing Sugriva inactive even during this season, sends Lakshmana to whip the latter into activity.Recitation: 00:00 - 15:38Translation: 15:40 - 38:22

Even though unable to bear the cool weather during the monsoon, emaciated as he was due to the agony of his separation from Sita, and chatting with Lakshmana on the unbearability of his said separation from Sita, Sri Rama describes the rainy season.Recitation: 00: 00 - 13:04Translation: 13:09 - 31:45

Recounting the virtues of Sri Rama to Sugriva, who had due to his love of the pleasures of sense forgotten all about Sri Rama'a business and was neglecting it even after the advent of autumn - and reminding him of the work of Sri Rama, Hanuman urges Sugriva to collect an army with a view to conducting a search for Sita. Awakened to a sense of his duty, Sugriva enjoins Nila to dispatch messengers to bring all the Vanara hordes together.Recitation: 00:00 - 05:47Translation: 05:52 - 14:45

Requested by Hanuman to visit Kishkindha, Sri Rama declines to do so on the ground of his having been prohibited by his father to enter the limits of a village or town and, directing that Sugriva may be installed on the throne of Kishkindha and Angada may assume the office of Prince Regent, he himself takes a vow to live in a cave till the end of the monsoon and leaves instructions to initiate a search for Sita after the monsoon.Recitation: 00:00 - 06:57Translation: 07:00 - 16:45