Podcasts about Pad

Michelle Wong, Bill Sunderland and Dani Siller face questions about stamp selections, diplomatic diagrams and worrisome wordings. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Melvin, James Dominguez, Vic Chao, Thomas, Lucas Waldhauer, OMacMacca, Karen Zheng. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What does it take to go from helping millions of people breathe easier to helping patients keep their legs?   Join The Heart of Innovation as Kym McNicholas talks with Sarvajna Dwivedi, Ph.D., entrepreneur, inventor, and CEO of AngioSafe, whose career has spanned some of the most challenging problems in medicine.   Sarvajna co-founded Pearl Therapeutics, a company focused on breakthrough respiratory therapies that was ultimately acquired by AstraZeneca for $1.15 billion. Along the way, he helped develop inhaled therapies and drug-device combinations designed to improve the lives of patients with asthma and COPD. (AngioSafe United States)   Today, his focus has shifted from the lungs to the arteries.   As CEO and co-founder of AngioSafe, Sarvajna is leading the development of the Santreva-ATK Endovascular Revascularization Catheter, a novel device designed to restore blood flow through some of the most challenging chronic total occlusions (CTOs) physicians encounter in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The technology is designed to cross completely blocked arteries, compress plaque, create a new channel, and restore blood flow without relying on a guidewire or external power source. (Medical Economics)   In this episode, we discuss:   • How a pharmaceutical scientist became a medical device innovator   • The story behind Pearl Therapeutics and its $1.15 billion acquisition   • Why chronic total occlusions remain one of the biggest challenges in PAD treatment   • How AngioSafe's Santreva-ATK technology works   • What it means to restore blood flow through arteries that are 100% blocked   • The future of cardiovascular and vascular innovation   If you or someone you love has peripheral artery disease, diabetes, leg pain while walking, non-healing wounds, or has been told an artery is completely blocked, this is a conversation you won't want to miss.  

Ella Hubber, Caroline Roper and Tom Lum from 'Let's Learn Everything!' face questions about inward injuries, backwards bars and Luneburg lenses. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Ben, Joel, Madeleine, José Sousa, Jim Fishwick, Kai Sheppard. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ambicingas palangiškis ėmėsi misijos naujam gyvenimui prikelti Palangos klasika tapusias vietas „Rąžė“ ir „Naglis“. Abi jos – neatsiejama kurorto dalis, savyje slepia begalę per dešimtmečius sukauptų nuotykių ir turtingą istoriją – būtent ją Albertas Martinaitis nori tęsti kuriant čia naująją kurorto kultūrą. Gimęs ir užaugęs prie jūros verslininkas siekia atskleisti kitokį Palangos veidą bei paversti šias vietas kertiniais miesto kultūros taškais ne tik su istorija, bet ir prasme.Kelių tiesimo ir priežiūros bendrovės pastebi, kad karo ar krizės atveju dalis kelių Baltijos šalyse gali tapti nepravažiuojami karinei technikai, o Lietuvoje apie 100 tiltų gali neatlaikyti sunkiosios karinės technikos. Tai reiškia ne abstrakčią infrastruktūros problemą, o labai konkrečias minutes – kaip greitai juda sąjungininkai, technika, amunicija, kaip vyksta evakuacija ir ar turime alternatyvius maršrutus.Padėti tiems, kuriems pritapti tarp kitų ne visada paprasta - tokį tikslą sau kelia projekto „Leisk man būti“ autoriai. Psichologo Kristijono Žičkaus ir „Vaikų svajonės“ vadovės Ramunės Baltaduonienės padedami jaunuoliai, iškritę iš švietimo sistemos, stojasi ant kojų ir siekia savo tikslų.Tęsime Lietuvos radijo istorijos maršrutą. Šiandien - apie radijo pastatą Sitkūnuose.Išgirsite Švenčionių rajono pakraštyje įsikūrusį Eimutį Valiuką, kuris domisi krašto istorija ir pats rekonstruoja šimtametį namą - jį dengia nendriniu stogu.Ved. Darius Matas.

Padėti tiems, kuriems pritapti tarp kitų ne visada paprasta, – tokį tikslą sau kelia projekto „Leisk man būti“ autoriai. Psichologo Kristijono Žičkaus ir „Vaikų svajonės“ vadovės Ramunės Baltaduonienės padedami jaunuoliai, iškritę iš švietimo sistemos, stojasi ant kojų ir siekia savo tikslų. Laidoje – „Ugdančių patirčių namai“ vadovas Kristijonas Žičkus, „Vaikų svajonės“ vadovė Ramunė Baltaduonienė.

Could artificial intelligence identify Peripheral Artery Disease before patients face limb loss? Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a machine-learning model that analyzes a simple light-based signal from the toe to detect PAD with remarkable accuracy. This breakthrough has the potential to make PAD screening faster, more accessible, and eventually available on your smartphone. Kym McNicholas and Dr. John Phillips sit down with vascular surgeon Dr. Elsie Ross, cardiologist Dr. Mattheus Ramsis, and engineering PhD student Ava Faccetti to break down how artificial intelligence is transforming vascular health and what this could mean for millions living with undiagnosed disease. FULL RESEARCH DISCUSSION: Altmetric: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02655-w/metrics DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02655-w   People who think they have PAD can call the Global PAD Associaton's Leg Saver Hotline at 1-833-PAD-LEGS to learn more and get assistance finding a testing site or treatment.   #peripheralarterydisease #padsupport #legpain #legcramps #ABItest #vasculardiseasediagnosis #paddiagnosis #ucsandiego #newpadresearch #globalpadassociation

Rosalie Minnitt, Verity Babbs and Bob Hagh face questions about topsy-turvy tipples, reclaimed roads and baseball busts. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Luka, Jovi Thorne, Oisín, Edmund Plamowski, Katie Waning, Bob Weisz. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to the emDOCs.net podcast! Join us as we review our high-yield posts from our website emDOCs.net.Today on the emDOCs cast with Brit Long (@long_brit), we cover how to evaluate and manage acute limb ischemia. To continue to make this a worthwhile podcast for you to listen to, we appreciate any feedback and comments you may have for us. Please let us know!Subscribe to the podcast on one of the many platforms below:Apple iTunesSpotifyGoogle Play Send us Fan Mail

Host Anthony Desiato and guest Case Aiken (Men of Steel) dig into "Many Happy Returns" — the famed final arc of the Peter David-written SUPERGIRL series featuring art by Ed Benes — in which Linda Danvers encounters the Pre-Crisis Kara Zor-El and attempts to take her place in the multiverse to save Kara from her fate in CRISIS.They discuss the arc's loving send-up of Silver Age sensibilities, the winning big sister/little sister dynamic between Linda & Kara, Linda's sacrifice & heartbreaking ending, and PAD's unrealized plans for a "Blonde Justice" continuation.Anthony & Case also address Supergirl analogue CIR-EL — aka the "Daughter of Tomorrow" — who made her debut in the pages of SUPERMAN while "Many Happy Returns" was unfolding.Support the show and receive exclusive podcast content at Patreon.com/AnthonyDesiato, including the spinoff podcasts BEYOND METROPOLIS and DIGGING FOR JUSTICE!Visit BCW Supplies and use promo code FSP to save 10% on your next order of comics supplies. Get your DFK merch at the podcast's TeePublic storefront!FACEBOOK GROUP: Digging for Kryptonite: A Superman Fan GroupFACEBOOK PAGE: @diggingforkryptonitepodINSTAGRAM: @diggingforkryptonitepodTWITTER: @diggingforkrpodBLUESKY: @diggingforkrpod.bsky.socialEMAIL: flatsquirrelproductions@gmail.comWEBSITE: FlatSquirrelProductions.com Digging for Kryptonite is a Flat Squirrel Production. Theme music by Dan Pritchard. Key art by Isaiah Simmons. Mentioned in this episode:Fat Moose ComicsAw Yeah ComicsAlways Hold On To SmallvilleThis Podcast Will Never DieSingle Bound PodcastDrunken Avenger

Episode: S05E112 — Tuesday, 26 May 2026 Hosts: Anna & Avery Network: Bitesz.com Podcast Network Website: astronomydaily.io  |  Social: @AstroDailyPod   Story Summaries 1. NASA Unveils Ambitious Moon Base Plan As this episode was recorded, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman was preparing to announce a landmark plan for a permanent human outpost at the lunar south pole by 2036. The programme carries a price tag of approximately $30 billion across a seven-year foundational phase, relies on nuclear power systems, leverages lunar water ice for fuel and life support, and effectively retires the Gateway orbital station concept. Commercial partners will supply rovers and habitat modules. Phase one targets around two dozen lunar launches, including Artemis IV, by 2028. Full details will be covered in tomorrow's episode. 2. Starship V3 Flight 12 — Engine Drama, Historic Debut SpaceX launched the first Starship V3 rocket on Friday, 22 May 2026, from brand-new Pad 2 at Starbase, Texas. Ship 39 reached space and completed a controlled splashdown in the Indian Ocean despite losing one of its six vacuum Raptor engines during ascent. The flight computer compensated by extending burns on the remaining five. The Super Heavy booster was lost in the Gulf of Mexico after a failed boostback burn. The FAA has opened a review. SpaceX declared most pre-planned test objectives met. 3. JWST Maps First Daily Weather Cycle on a Distant World Published in Science on 21 May 2026. Researchers from Johns Hopkins and Arizona State Universities used Webb's NIRISS instrument to observe WASP-94Ab — a hot Jupiter 690 light-years away — and detected the first daily cloud cycle ever recorded on another planet. Thick magnesium silicate clouds form each morning, then completely clear by evening. The finding also corrected a decade of skewed atmospheric composition data. 4. NASA's Fermi Telescope Solves 20-Year Supernova Mystery An international team led by Fabio Acero used NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to confirm the first definitive gamma-ray detection from a superluminous supernova — SN 2017egm. The data confirms a newly formed magnetar as the power source behind these extraordinarily bright explosions. Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2026. 5. Most Rocky Exoplanets May Lack Earth-Like Metallic Cores A new paper submitted to the Astrophysical Journal challenges the long-held assumption that dense metallic cores are standard features of rocky planets. Researchers argue that most rocky exoplanets may have formed without Earth-style metallic cores — meaning no global magnetic field, with significant implications for atmospheric retention and habitability. 6. The Soviet Rover That Went Silent — and Came Back Lunokhod 1 was the world's first remote-controlled rover on another world (1970). After traversing 10.5 km of Mare Imbrium, contact was lost in 1971. For nearly 40 years its exact position was unknown — until NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter identified it in 2010. The APOLLO project then fired laser pulses and received ~2,000 photons back from its French-built retroreflector — four times stronger than expected. It remains an active contributor to lunar science today.   Sources & Further Reading •       NASA Moon Base announcement: nasa.gov/2026-news-releases •       Starship Flight 12 updates: space.com •       WASP-94Ab paper: Science, 21 May 2026 — DOI via Johns Hopkins Hub •       Fermi supernova paper: Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2026 — DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558547 •       Exoplanet cores paper: submitted to Astrophysical Journal, May 2026Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

Įsivaizduokite, kad gaunate oficialų laišką iš valstybės institucijos su raginimu sumokėti baudą. Perskaitote laišką – ir nesuprantate, už ką ji skirta. Sudėtingų sakinių, santrumpų ir skaičių kupiną tekstą skaitote kelis kartus, bet vis tiek lieka neaišku, kaip nusižengėte. Taip jaučiasi dalis visuomenės skaitydama mums įprastą kasdienę informaciją – naujienas, instrukcijas ar oficialius įstaigų pranešimus. Padėti tokiems žmonėms gali lengvai suprantama kalba, kurios mūsų aplinkoje atsiranda vis daugiau. Pavyzdžiui, ir portale LRT.LT galima rasti rubriką LRT paprastai, kur tekstai pateikiami lengvai suprantama kalba. Apie lengvai suprantamą kalbą plačiau – Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakulteto docentė Laura Vilkaitė-Lozdienė ir portalo LRT.LT žurnalistė Ugne Jonaitytė, kuri dirba su lengvai suprantamos kalbos tekstais.Ved. Rūta Kupetytė.

Įsivaizduokite, kad gaunate oficialų laišką iš valstybės institucijos su raginimu sumokėti baudą. Perskaitote laišką – ir nesuprantate, už ką ji skirta. Sudėtingų sakinių, santrumpų ir skaičių kupiną tekstą skaitote kelis kartus, bet vis tiek lieka neaišku, kaip nusižengėte. Taip jaučiasi dalis visuomenės skaitydama mums įprastą kasdienę informaciją – naujienas, instrukcijas ar oficialius įstaigų pranešimus. Padėti tokiems žmonėms gali lengvai suprantama kalba, kurios mūsų aplinkoje atsiranda vis daugiau. Pavyzdžiui, ir portale LRT.LT galima rasti rubriką LRT paprastai, kur tekstai pateikiami lengvai suprantama kalba.Nakvynės namai, laikinas prieglobstis, gyvenimas gatvėje – ar įmanoma šį ratą nutraukti? Vilniuje pradedamas pirmasis Lietuvoje „Būstas pirma“ projektas bando atsakyti būtent į šį klausimą. Jo esmė – žmogui pirmiausia suteikti ne reikalavimus ar sąlygas, o namus. Tai modelis, kuris jau pakeitė požiūrį į benamystę Suomijoje, Airijoje ar Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Dabar jis išbandomas ir Vilniuje: 10 žmonių gaus nuolatinį būstą bei kompleksinę pagalbą – nuo socialinių darbuotojų iki sveikatos priežiūros specialistų.

Can staying active really help reverse Type 2 diabetes? In this episode of The Heart of Innovation, Emmy Award-winning journalist Kym McNicholas and Dr. John Phillips sit down with multi-Emmy Award-winning CBS San Francisco Bay Area sports anchor Vern Glenn to talk about his personal journey reversing Type 2 diabetes — and why golf became far more than just a game. For Vern, the golf course became part of a larger commitment to movement, consistency, fitness, and long-term health. Walking the course, staying active, and building daily habits around exercise helped him take control of his blood sugar and inspire others to rethink what healthy living can look like. That mission is also what inspired the Vern Glenn Invitational Celebrity Golf Tournament. The event brings together former and current stars from the NFL, NBA, MLB, and beyond — many of whom continue participating in events like this not just for competition, but to stay active, connected, and healthy long after their professional playing careers end. Vern believes seeing athletes continue to prioritize fitness sends an important message: movement matters at every age. Whether it's walking 18 holes, staying social, or simply finding activities that keep you moving, the goal is building habits that support heart health, circulation, weight management, and better metabolic health over time. We also discuss the growing connection between exercise, obesity, cardiovascular disease, circulation, and diabetes prevention and reversal. ⛳ SIGN UP FOR THE VERN GLENN INVITATIONAL: https://www.vernglenninvitational.net/

Davina Bentley, Ed Patrick and Stuart Laws face questions about feline fatalities, Portland park picnics and devious deliveries. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Stephen B., Nate, Hannah Williams, Katie Waning, Jagan, Samuel Kerr. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Host Anthony Desiato and guest Michael Bailey (Bailey Planet) dig into Peter David & Leonard Kirk's "Earth-Born Angel" follow-up from SUPERGIRL #51-74, in which Linda Danvers — depowered, partnered with the demon Buzz, and clad in her SUPERMAN: THE ANIMATED SERIES costume — tours the DCU in search of the Matrix entity.THIS TUESDAY: The podcast's coverage of the 1996-2023 series concludes with the famed "Many Happy Returns" by PAD & Ed Benes!Support the show and receive exclusive podcast content at Patreon.com/AnthonyDesiato, including the spinoff podcasts BEYOND METROPOLIS and DIGGING FOR JUSTICE!Visit BCW Supplies and use promo code FSP to save 10% on your next order of comics supplies. Get your DFK merch at the podcast's TeePublic storefront!FACEBOOK GROUP: Digging for Kryptonite: A Superman Fan GroupFACEBOOK PAGE: @diggingforkryptonitepodINSTAGRAM: @diggingforkryptonitepodTWITTER: @diggingforkrpodBLUESKY: @diggingforkrpod.bsky.socialEMAIL: flatsquirrelproductions@gmail.comWEBSITE: FlatSquirrelProductions.com Digging for Kryptonite is a Flat Squirrel Production. Theme music by Dan Pritchard. Key art by Isaiah Simmons.

Host Anthony Desiato and guest Dr. Anj (Supergirl Comic Box Commentary) dig into the classic Peter David SUPERGIRL series — with pencillers Gary Frank and Leonard Kirk — which merged the Matrix Supergirl with Linda Danvers to form an Earth-Born Angel across its initial 50-issue mega-arc.Anthony & Anj discuss key themes of identity, sin, forgiveness, & sacrifice; the bold choice to take Linda down such a dark path before merging; the impactful injection of Pre-Crisis characters like the Danvers family, Comet, & Dick Malverne; the thematic consistency in choice of villain; and DC's misstep in relegating Linda to character limbo after this series.STAY TUNED for a special bonus episode later this week on the "Linda Danvers Era" of the title from #51-74. And NEXT WEEK, the podcast will cover "Many Happy Returns," the standout final arc of the PAD series that temporarily brought back the Pre-Crisis Kara Zor-El!Support the show and receive exclusive podcast content at Patreon.com/AnthonyDesiato, including the spinoff podcasts BEYOND METROPOLIS and DIGGING FOR JUSTICE!Visit BCW Supplies and use promo code FSP to save 10% on your next order of comics supplies. Get your DFK merch at the podcast's TeePublic storefront!FACEBOOK GROUP: Digging for Kryptonite: A Superman Fan GroupFACEBOOK PAGE: @diggingforkryptonitepodINSTAGRAM: @diggingforkryptonitepodTWITTER: @diggingforkrpodBLUESKY: @diggingforkrpod.bsky.socialEMAIL: flatsquirrelproductions@gmail.comWEBSITE: FlatSquirrelProductions.com Digging for Kryptonite is a Flat Squirrel Production. Theme music by Dan Pritchard. Key art by Isaiah Simmons. Mentioned in this episode:This Podcast Will Never DieAw Yeah ComicsFat Moose ComicsAlways Hold On To SmallvilleSingle Bound PodcastDrunken Avenger

" Dus dit Pad van de Boeddha is een bijzonder pad. Het brengt ons niet naar een punt ergens in de toekomst. Het doet ons beseffen wat we waarlijk zijn, wat we waarlijk waren en altijd zullen zijn. Want in dit hier en nu ligt het geheel van het bestaan besloten, ook het geheel van jouw bestaan."⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Korte inleiding van de meditatie gegeven aan het begin van de meditatie op 17-05-2026.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠U kunt de tekstversie hier lezen⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Spreker op deze podcast is eerw. Baldwin Schreurs. Hij werd in 1990 ingewijd als boeddhistisch monnik in het Zenklooster Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey in Noord-Engeland en ontving vijf jaar later de Dharmatransmissie van eerw. meester Daishin Morgan. In 1998 werd hij Dharmaleraar en in oktober 2017 ontving hij zijn benoeming tot Zenmeester. Sinds 2005 is hoofdmonnik en leraar van De Dharmatoevlucht. De  Dharmatoevlucht is een stadstempel en meditatie-centrum van de internationale Order of Buddhist Contemplatives (OBC).)#zenboeddhisme #zen #boeddhisme #meditatie #zazen

The future of war has been evolving before our eyes in Ukraine, yet the west still plans to fight the last war. In this special episode, guest host Noah Smith (@noahpinion) and Brandon Anderson sit down with Yaroslav Azhnyuk (@YaroslavAzhnyuk), a serial tech founder who went from building PetCube to founding The Fourth Law, one of the world's most advanced AI-guided drone companies. Over two hours we cover the technology, tactics, and geopolitics of drone warfare, and why the modern battlefield has already left the West behind:* Yaroslav's personal history and the Ukraine war [00:01:04 – 00:14:01]* The modern drone tech stack: why FPV drones are the new god of war, the future of the rifleman, fiber optic vs. AI, five levels of autonomy, and the eight dimensions of the autonomous battlefield [00:14:01 – 01:05:13]* The geopolitics and economics of drones: China's manufacturing advantage, the drone race, Western defense readiness, countermeasures, and why the gap is widening [01:05:13 – 01:58:57]For those looking for Noah Smith's commentary, it really gets going around the 00:51:31 mark.Yaroslav Azhnyuk / The Fourth Law:* X: https://x.com/YaroslavAzhnyuk* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaroslavazhnyuk/* The Fourth Law: https://thefourthlaw.aiNoah Smith:* Substack: Noah Smith * X: https://x.com/noahpinionTimestamps00:00:00 Cold Open: China's 4 Billion Drones and the Cameras-to-Explosives Pipeline00:01:04 Introduction: Brandon, Noah Smith, and Yaroslav Azhnyuk00:05:41 From Tech Entrepreneur to Defense: PetCube, Brave One, and the D3 Fund00:10:42 The Ethics of Building Weapons: Dual-Use Technology and the Wolf at the Door00:14:01 The Tech Stack: Cameras, Autonomy Modules, Interceptors, and a Semiconductor Fab00:18:47 Fiber Optic vs. AI: The Radio Horizon Problem and $32/km Cable00:25:32 FPV Drones: The New God of War — 70–80% of Frontline Casualties00:28:28 The Five Levels of Drone Autonomy: From Terminal Guidance to Full Autonomy00:41:37 The Eight Dimensions of the Autonomous Battlefield00:45:32 AI Safety and the Morality of Autonomous Weapons00:51:31 The End of the Rifleman? Noah's 2013 Prediction vs. Battlefield Reality01:05:13 China's Manufacturing Advantage and Western Vulnerabilities01:24:21 Policy Advice for Western Defense: Defense Valley and the Widening Gap01:32:54 The Drone Race: Who's Ahead, Category by Category01:41:57 Countermeasures: Shotguns, Jammers, Lasers, and Fishnets01:58:19 The Wedding and Final Takeaway: Be Prepared for WarTranscriptCold Open: China, FPV Drones, and the New Warning SignYaroslav [00:00:00]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced 4 million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world. China can produce 4 billion of these FPV drones.Noah [00:00:10]: Would you say that right now China is now the supreme conventional military power on Earth, given its ability to manufacture and deploy drones in the quantity and quality that you just described?Yaroslav [00:00:20]: I don't think we have all the information to claim that but we cannot count it out, and that alone should be a big warning sign. As I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story. And when you think about what your nation, what your patriots are going through, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back, and then the choice becomes very clear.Introduction: Yaroslav Azhnyuk, Petcube, and the Last Flight into KyivBrandon [00:01:04]: Welcome to Latent Space. I'm Brandon. I normally do science podcasts, but today we're going to do something a little bit different. I'm joined by Noah Smith of Noahpinion on Substack and Twitter. And he has lots of interesting things to say about drones. And as a guest, we have Yaroslav Azhnyuk, founder of The Fourth Law and several other, drone-related startups. To get started, it is February 23rd, 2022. You are running a pet startup. You're connecting pets with their owners. Let's go in just a little bit of background. How did you get started in tech, and what were you working on before the Ukrainian war started?Yaroslav [00:01:50]: Good to be here. Thank you. On February 23rd, late in the evening, 11:00 PM Kyiv time, my wife and I landed in Kyiv. Actually, then she was a fiance. We came from Lviv, where we were looking at a church, where our wedding should have taken place. And we got into this cab ride from the airport to our home, and the driver was like, “You crazy. Like, everyone's leaving Kyiv. Why do you come?” We're like, “What? Nothing's going to happen. Dude, chill.” And then obviously, eight minutes later, or eight hours later, the bombs fell in the city. It was quite surreal. We probably landed on the last flight that landed in Kyiv, or one of those last flights. My background, I'm a tech guy. Studied applied mathematics in Kyiv Polytechnics, born and raised in Kyiv. My parents are old PhDs from academia, and grandparents too. Like, everything, from linguistics to nuclear physics. And I'm an entrepreneur, so I've built a bunch of companies. Petcube is the one you were referencing. So I lived in San Francisco 2014 to 2020, building Petcube, which is one of the leading, pet device companies in the world, selling lots of pet cameras. And then, yeah, as I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story.February 24th: Leaving Kyiv as the Invasion BeginsNoah [00:03:28]: February 24th, I guess a few hours after you, go to check out your wedding chapel, what do you do?Yaroslav [00:03:37]: We had a plan for this situation. So my parents and family live in Kyiv, and we're like, “Okay, this has actually started. The worst has, come true.” And so we basically packed our belongings and got in the car and spent 17 hours driving west. And that was pretty sure most people in our audience watched at least one apocalyptic movie in their life, so that was exactly like that. Like, felt exactly like that. Missiles are falling. Like, there was smoke in Kyiv. Like, my dad and I went, like, to central part of the cities. It's probably, likeYaroslav [00:04:20]: 800 meters from presidential office, to pick some stuff up at his workplace. Because he's, like, the head of an academic institution, so he had to get some of the things with him. And super surreal. Like, the streets are empty. Like, the gas stations are out of gas. Like, we found some gas station. We didn't have, like, spare canisters with us, so we're like, We figured out, like, the car was diesel, so like, we figured out, if it's diesel, you can actually store it in plastic, canisters, and we bought some window wash for the cars. We poured it out of the canisters, and we poured the diesel into that. Yeah, so it was like that. And then, like, helping friends get out, like my friend and his dog. Like, we found Like, my brother was also, like, riding in a separate car. We found a place for my friend who didn't have a car. It was like, yeah, it was like, totally surreal. And we didn't know of course, and you didn't know this will last for so long. You didn't know whether Ukraine will be able to defend Kyiv. And it was like, yeah, very little information and very little insight into future.From Pet Cameras to Defense Tech: Building for Ukraine and the Free WorldNoah [00:05:42]: What are your thoughts with regards to how do you, defend, Ukraine? So you eventually start building drones Like, what is the process to get from there from where you were building, devices that connect owners with pets to building drones, and what other things did you do to help the war effort in the process?Yaroslav [00:06:07]: It's definitely non-trivial, right? Like, I didn't go, to I didn't get any, like, military education when I was a student. Like, normally, in Ukraine, you would, you would go to like, this military school even if you're getting higher education in any other, sphere. I decided to skip that which is like, an unusual way to go. And I never thought that I will be somehow engaged in a war effort. Like, what is war? Of course, wars are over. It's the end of history. So one thing you got to understand about, like, many Ukrainians and like, I guess, it's also true about most of the people I met here in the US, that your who you are in terms of your nationality is a big part of your identity. So when that gets under attack, it's something deeper than just the country you live in gets under attack, right? And I Day one, I figured I'm going to I'm going to fight back with everything I can, right? But I didn't think on day one that I'm actually going to do, weapons. And a bunch of things. We were reaching out to a number of American, congresspeople and senators, and basically advocating for support of Ukraine, for voting for lend lease, which has happened in May 2022, but didn't actually work as expected. We helped start, Brave One, which is now a very important defense innovation cluster, sort of like a DIU here in the US. We helped start, a fund called D3. It's like, it was started or co-started by Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google. So a bunch of these odd things, but then eventually I was like, “Okay,”by 2023 it was obvious this thing, A is going to last a lot more time, and B, that the whole world is shifting and that there's going to be a new arms race, that the warfare is redefined by drones as platforms. And for the first time in history, you have a platform that is software defined, that can increase your battlefield capabilities, in a in a step change just overnight. So it's like if you were able to push a software update and get all of your Roman legionnaires a new helmet? That has never been possible before. It's the first time in the history of war this is possible. So all of that and many other things like, supply chain fragilization, and the impact that AI is going to have on all of this all these things have become evident to me in 2023, and it's like, “Okay, I should do what I do best, or what I know how to do best, start a tech company, and sort of leverage the global techno capitalist machine, to provide, defensibility to Ukraine and the free world.” So that's literally the mission of the company, increase defensibility of Ukraine and the free world. And then there was some sort of soul-searching and like, asking yourself. It's like, “Okay, am I Actually, I know nothing about weapons. Am I actually, like, ready to make, things that other people use to kill other bad people?”Yaroslav [00:09:36]: When you think about what your nation, what your Compatriots are going through And think about all the terror of places like Bucha, the occupied cities in the east and south, the abducted children, the raped women, all the economic damage that's being done, and the intention to destroy a whole nation, to genocide the people of Ukraine, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back. And then the choice becomes very clear. And look, we're just passing the ammunition. We're not doing the actual job. The actual fighters and defenders and heroes are people in the armed forces. We're just support.The Moral Question: Weapons, Responsibility, and Fighting BackNoah [00:10:33]: I have so many questions. Actually, I know you seem to have a question. Do you want to ask anything?Yaroslav [00:10:38]: No, I'm just listening. Go ahead.Noah [00:10:40]: I do want to talk about, some of let's say, the moral issues, like you just said. You endYaroslav [00:10:50]: I think there are no issues there.Yaroslav [00:10:52]: What would an example of a moral question be in this case?Noah [00:10:55]: No, I mean Okay. As you just said, you are creating the tools, but others are using them.Noah [00:11:05]: I was maybe thinking of having this conversation later, but one of the questions is like, is it actually you are going to be building them for your homeland, which you are building it for your homeland, which is I think, very a strong morally defensible position, but this technology is not going to stay with you, right?Noah [00:11:26]: This you will probably be selling these to other people Yeah. So the future is really where the moral issues may come into playYaroslav [00:11:38]: The this question becomes, easier and more complete if we ask this not about a particular technology or particular weapon, if we think that this question actually applies to any kind of technology Right? So -Knife or fire. You can use knife to do surgery and save people's lives, or you can use it as a weapon to take people's lives.Noah [00:12:06]: Cut tomatoes, too.Yaroslav [00:12:08]: Cut tomatoes too.Noah [00:12:09]: Yes, knife.Yaroslav [00:12:09]: That's helpful.Noah [00:12:10]: In Japan, sword and knife, they, call the same word.Yaroslav [00:12:14]: It's like, it's with any technology. Large language models, right? Look at how powerful they are and yet they're available to anyone in North Korea or in Russia.Yaroslav [00:12:29]: That's one side of the argument. The other side is As a maker, what is your responsibility for how the tools you're creating, will be used? There's definitely some responsibility, right? Then How should the decision process look like? Should you, like, try to calculate all the possible scenarios before starting to work on something? Or do you create something that is needed now to save people's lives, and then think about, addressing the unwanted edge cases later? In ideal world where there's like, or okay, it's not ideal world. In a mythical world where there is some one governing party and it gets to decide everything, and there is no other country, that can, decide on their own, you could say, “Well, we need to calculate for all the consequences, and only then, maybe build this building, by replacing this park because, maybe we need this park in the city,”right? So that kind of situation. But when you're in a situation where you're in a forest, in front of a wolf, you first going to deal with the wolf that wants to eat you, and then you're going to go consult Greenpeace. So that's kind of situation that Ukraine is in.The Fourth Law, Odd Systems, and Ukraine's Drone StackNoah [00:13:59]: Enough. Because this is a tech podcast, I did want to spend some time talking about, sort of the tech in that you've developed and what you've been working on. So can you explain, I guess, first of all, like, the problem that you were trying to solve from a technical standpoint? And I think, and then maybe, like, go into some of the solutions and some of the design process that led you from designing, little laser-guided, guiding lasers with a with an iPhone versus Having drones.Yaroslav [00:14:34]: Like, it so happened, that my partners and I, we sort of So I started one company called The Fourth Law, and its goal was and is to Make, massively scalable on-drone autonomy. And then In parallel with that together with my, Petcube co-founders, partners, and friends, we started another company called Odd Systems Which, was focused on making thermal cameras. Cameras, thermal cameras are seeing thermal radiation and are used to see at night. And we're now sort of those companies are getting closer and closer together and we're probably going to merge them. And this group of companies is currently the leading, team in on-drone AI and thermal imaging on the Ukrainian battlefield, and Likely one of the leading, if not the leading in the world. So We have these, like, three sort of business units, which are cameras, drone autonomy, and drones. So the cameras and drone autonomy sell daytime and nighttime cameras and different types of drone autonomous modules to other drone manufacturers, over 200 drone manufacturers in Ukraine. And then the UAV, business unit sells the drones themselves to the armed forces of Ukraine, Ukrainian government. And there are different types of drones. Those are sort of front strike, as we call them, so those are sort of FPV strike drones and the bombers, and then interceptors. And there are different kinds of interceptors. We do Shahed interceptors and we do ISR interceptors. We don't do the deep strike-FPV Drones, Interceptors, and Battery-Powered WarfareNoah [00:16:32]: What's an ISR interceptor?Yaroslav [00:16:33]: ISR is stands for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and those are basically drones which are which, Russians are using to watch over positions and then communicate where, the targets are coming.Noah [00:16:48]: It's a reconnaissance.Yaroslav [00:16:48]: That's, the ISR is sort of a classical term for a for a reconnaissance drone.Noah [00:16:53]: Are all of these battery-powered drones that you just described? ‘Cause I know that the sort of deep strike drones still have, like Some sort ofYaroslav [00:17:01]: Internal combustion engine?Noah [00:17:02]: Internal combustion engine. Are all the things you're talking about battery-powered?Yaroslav [00:17:06]: What we're working on is all battery-powered, right? We don't do the deep strikes, right? And then in terms of autonomy-Noah [00:17:12]: You can catch a Shahed with a battery-powered thing. It's not Fast to catch.Yaroslav [00:17:17]: No, absolutely. Look, Shahed interceptor, like ours, it's called Zero, it goes up to 326 kilometers per hour.Noah [00:17:26]: For reference, how fast is a Shahed?Yaroslav [00:17:28]: Eight, like, in internal phase it could be 280, but in cruise phase it's, like, 220-ish.Yaroslav [00:17:36]: Yeah. And sorry, I'm not like you can convert that into miles if you're interested.Noah [00:17:41]: No, that's fine.Noah [00:17:41]: Multiply by two thirds or point six or something.Yaroslav [00:17:44]: That's easy. Yeah, I was saying that for autonomy modules, right, we, -We make systems, autonomous systems for frontline, for interceptors and some for deep strikes as well, and then different levels of autonomy. So from terminal guidance, which is like lasts 500 meters, give or take, to autonomous bombing, to autonomous target detection, to autonomous navigation and all of that across day and night, different terrains, different time of the year, different platforms like quadcopters and fixed wing, and maybe some other platforms. So it's quite a wide variety of products. We also have like our own simulation. We have our own training school for the war fighters. And we're about to start construction of two, semiconductor plants to make, sensors for thermal cameras. So that's super exciting for me as a computer science guy is Doing semiconductors. Super cool.Noah [00:18:49]: Like in terms of kind of core drone technologies, you basically are one is an FPV replacement without fiber optics, and the other isYaroslav [00:18:59]: YouNoah [00:18:59]: Signal tracking with interceptorsYaroslav [00:19:00]: With or without fiber optics. Fiber optics Is just like, sort of a communication module.Yaroslav [00:19:05]: You can, you can use classical analog, video link and radio link. Those would be two separate radios. You can do digital, or you can do fiber optic, and then fiber optic Has its own advantages but also adds weight and decreases, the distance and decreases, how fast you can, sort of turn and With a drone. Yeah.Noah [00:19:33]: Do you need AI for fiber optic drones?Yaroslav [00:19:36]: Like you can use AI for fiber optic drones. AI replaces a human, right? Fiber optic is making your communication link more resilient. So those are slightly different goals. Like if you want, you can have, AI controlling hundreds of fiber optic drones instead of having 100 operators for each.Fiber Optics, Radio Horizons, and Terminal GuidanceNoah [00:20:03]: I guess I thought that the key reason that people moved to fiber optic drones was for like electronic, countermeasures. Or I guess to counter those.Yaroslav [00:20:13]: I think that's a correct assessment from sort of a public awareness standpoint. In practice it's somewhat more difficult Because besides electronic countermeasures, you have these issues of a radio horizon For FPV drones, which means that asYaroslav [00:20:36]: I believe Earth is round Some people disagree. But basically if you fly a drone and you have a land station over here and a drone flying over hereYaroslav [00:20:49]: If your drone is flying high, you have good direct radio visibility. If your drone goes low, and usually, Russian infantry and vehicles, they're on the ground and you want to hit them, you need to go low. Lower you go, maybe you'll get behind a hill or behind a forest, and if you're far enough, you'll just get behind the curvature of the earth. You get into what's called a radio shadow. And then That is a real bummer because for the last, be it 60 or 20 meters, you won't be able to see anything and it will be very difficult to hit the target. So to counter that what-- And then the distances that these FPV drones, act on they're, they can be quite large. So for example, here in the US there was this drone dominance program competition, and in drone dominance the furthest distance was about 10 kilometers.Noah [00:21:44]: What was drone dominance? What was that competition?Yaroslav [00:21:47]: Drone, the drone dominance is a is a program started, by the US government, to accelerate the development of drone technology here in the US.Noah [00:21:57]: Got it. And the longest range thing they were using was 10 kilometers.Yaroslav [00:22:00]: Was 10 kilometers, right. In Ukraine, like if your drone doesn't fly at least 20, 25, it just, no one's interested in it, and the usual hits are happening. It was like, okay, many hits are happening between 30 and 40 kilometers, and that's what expected from a regular 10-inch, FPV drone. So at that distance, even at altitudes of like 60 to 100 meters, you might start losing, the link. So some of the earlier AI technology that was fielded in FPV drone was this terminal guidance technology. That was the first product that we ever, launched that helped you as an operator, once you see the target from two, three, 500 meters, you lock onto the target and then, it just, drives the drone towards the target no matter what, even after you lost the visual connection. So optic fiber solves that. However, if you want to go like 20 kilometers with optic fiber, that will add an extra three kilos, of useful weight to your drone. SoNoah [00:23:12]: ‘Cause the cable that you have to unspool as you go weighs.Noah [00:23:15]: It is heavy.Yaroslav [00:23:15]: At first, like the spool is about 800 grams, so a bit less than a kilo, and then, and then think about 10, 10 kilometer optic fiber is another kilo, something like that. That takes away from your useful mass and then now you have like, you need a 15-inch drone and it can only carry maybe one or two kilos of explosives if you want to go, 20 kilometers. If you want to go to 30 or 40, like 30 is probably max. 40 is like very problem problematic on optic fiber. And then the problem with optic fiber is it's actually getting super expensive. So and why? Because of all the data centers for AI. That's literally the same optic fiber-Noah [00:24:01]: We're running out of centersYaroslav [00:24:02]: That's being used there.Yaroslav [00:24:02]: Like when Ukrainians and Russians come to Chinese factories to buy the optic fiber, they're like, “We're out. We sold it out to the Americans.”? That's the craziest thing. So optic fiber went up in price from like, $4 per, kilometer to like, $32 per kilometer in a few months in the beginning of this year. And I'veBrandon [00:24:26]: Claude Code is stopping the Russian drone effort here.Yaroslav [00:24:30]: Ukrainian as well. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:31]: Ukrainian. But I read somewhere that the Russians had grown more dependent on fiber optic drones relative to the Ukrainians, and that's one reason why the Ukrainians have sort of regained the initiative in drones recently.Brandon [00:24:42]: How accurate's that?Yaroslav [00:24:43]: The Russians were the first ones to scale that. I think by as of now, Ukraine has caught up. I think, like, as of maybe three months ago, Ukraine is mostly caught up on fiber optic. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:57]: What percent of damage would you say is in terms of FPV drone damage would you say is now fiber optic versus, like autonomous?FPVs as the New God of War: Tanks, Artillery, and Cost per KillYaroslav [00:25:07]: For our, for our audience, I actually, I cannot answer that question. Like, it's like I know the answer, but I would not disclose that. But for our audience, I think another interesting fact is out of all the casualties on the front line Between 70 and 80% are done by FPV drones.Brandon [00:25:30]: FPV drones are the new weapon of universal weapon of warfare.Yaroslav [00:25:34]: It'sBrandon [00:25:35]: Land warfare, anywayYaroslav [00:25:35]: They used to say that artillery is a god of war because artillery used to cause, like 80% of casualties, and now On that ranking-Brandon [00:25:46]: FPVYaroslav [00:25:47]: FPV drones rule.Brandon [00:25:48]: FPV drones are the god of war.Yaroslav [00:25:51]: Sort of. Dethroned artillery. But it's not to say that artillery is not useful, is not needed. Like, all of these systems are needed. Maybe except cavalry, although Russians still use it. I know, have you seen the videos of Russians using mules and horses?Brandon [00:26:09]: What is the usefulness-Yaroslav [00:26:10]: It'Brandon [00:26:10]: Of a tank in the in the modern-Yaroslav [00:26:11]: That's where we need Greenpeace to say a word, but they're silent. Yeah.Brandon [00:26:15]: What's the use of a tank on the modern battlefield?Yaroslav [00:26:21]: It's diminishing.Brandon [00:26:22]: Diminishing.Yaroslav [00:26:22]: However, I think there might be technologies which will, revive the tank. Look, tank still provides you armor, and armor is important. Like, you still need to armor and firepower, right? Like, you can be an armor personal carrier that provides you, armor. The challenge that currently exists is armor is not very well protected against incoming drones. However, there are ways to do to protect it. We were previously talking about this before the podcast. The CEO of Rheinmetall, recently sort of ridiculed, Ukrainian drone industry, saying that like, there is nothing interesting there, no real innovation, no to stand Compared to like, Rheinmetall or Boeing, and it's all made by housewives. There was like, obviously a ton of memes about this people ridiculing the CEO of Rheinmetall. And one of the best quotes, I heard on this topic is from my friend, Alexey Babenko, who's, the head of and founder of VIARI Drone, which is one of the largest manufacturers of FPV drones. They're our partner. They're using our autonomy. So he said that the drones we manufacture in one day will be more than enough to destroy all the tanks Rheinmetall manufactures in a year.Yaroslav [00:27:52]: Then, yeah, cost-wise, of course, a drone is like, $500 and a Rheinmetall tank is what, probably 5 million-ish or maybe more.Brandon [00:28:00]: Don't mess with those housewives.Yaroslav [00:28:03]: Drone wives.Brandon [00:28:04]: Drone wives.Yaroslav [00:28:06]: That's it.Noah [00:28:06]: There's a classic saying that everyone always fights the last war.Noah [00:28:12]: Yet do How did So from your standpoint, how did we get to the point where tanks became irrelevant in at least for now In a matter of just a few years?Yaroslav [00:28:24]: Look, I think it's the same way, how do we get to the point that calculators become irrelevant?Yaroslav [00:28:31]: Now we have iPhones. Like, why would you need a calculator? Technology progresses and its influence grows non-linearly. It's all exponential. So I can tell you that full autonomy, when you put it on a drone Look, so if you, if you think about a tank and a like, it's not a direct comparison, but even, like, a drone and a artillery shell or like, sort of cost per kill, an artillery shell for 155 caliber, which is a standard NATO caliber Currently market price is about $4,000 per piece. So compare that to say, $400 per drone. That's 10 times more expensive. Account for the amortization of the artillery gun and for how vulnerable it is and what is the sort of tactical, capabilities it gives you as compared to a drone. You'll figure out that an FPV drone is maybe three orders of magnitude, more versatile, more useful, more capable than artillery and many of than a classic artillery. Many of Because there are different types of artillery. Not just, like, one 155. You have mortars, you have all that. But give or take, roughly three orders of magnitude maybe. Again, it doesn't have that firepower. It's not one-to-one comparison still.Yaroslav [00:29:53]: Now, take that FPV drone. When you put full autonomy on that FPV drone, which can be not very expensive, like systems that we're, producing are like, in hundreds of dollars of pure bombFull Autonomy: From Human Pilots to Smartphone-Directed Drone MissionsNoah [00:30:06]: Just interrupt. You said full autonomy Just a second ago you were saying that the autonomy here is guidance, right? It's not decision-making.Yaroslav [00:30:14]: No, I was I was saying that's the f-First and sort of easiest pieces of autonomy that was fielded by us. But if you, if you add full autonomy to a droneBrandon [00:30:24]: He, I think he's asking what does it can you, for the listeners, can you explain What the term full autonomy means?Yaroslav [00:30:29]: Basically, I think a good way to think about an FPV drone is like an iPhone of warfare. It's, like, very inexpensive, very mass producible, very versatile. You don't need a bunch of other things when you have a iPhone in your pocket. You don't have, need an MP3 player, you don't need a calculator, don't need other things. All right? So FPV drone is an iPhone. Or like, okay, Apple please don't sue me, is a smartphone. And then, when you add autonomy to it sort of becomes like Uber or ride sharing. Okay? So what it means is instead of actually being a trained pilot who has this complex remote controller device which requires a couple months of training to actually pilot the drone, and then having to pilot it for 30 minutes, flying towards the target, et cetera, et cetera, now you basically, you have your smartphone, you have a drone, you pick your smartphone, you say, “We are here. The bad guys are here. Go and get them.” And the drone goes up, flies in a given direction, localizes itself on the map, finds the dedicated area where they, the bad guys are supposed to be sees the bad guys, bombs them, return, like, watches, so does a damage assessment, returns back, sits down, and then you can pick it up and watch the video if you didn't have the radio link, right?Noah [00:31:59]: That's a bomber drone.Yaroslav [00:32:00]: That's full autonomy for a bomber drone, right?Noah [00:32:03]: You're saying that no human decision is made in this entire process?Brandon [00:32:06]: That's not, that's not what he's saying.Yaroslav [00:32:07]: A human decision was made at the beginning of the process-Noah [00:32:09]: I get it. I get itYaroslav [00:32:09]: The same way as you would fire an artillery.Yaroslav [00:32:12]: When you fire an artillery, you don't stop at like, 500 meters away from a target and ask it whether, you want to strike or not. That's exactly, a human decision is always made at some point. So when you do that's full autonomy, and such full autonomy is happening as we speak. And such full autonomy increases the capabilities of an FPV drone, which is already, like, three orders more powerful than an artillery shell. Full autonomy increases its capabilities by four orders of magnitude because now you can have 100 times as many people who can use it, because you don't need to train those people, and this is important. You can have 10 times, mission success rate, and you can have 10 times utility per drone because now instead of being one-way kamikaze, it's, it can be a bomber.Brandon [00:33:05]: Now wait, let's, you said 10 times mission success rate, which means that fully autonomous bomber drones succeed in their missions 10 times more often than human piloted bomber drones do. That's an important thing to know.Noah [00:33:17]: Maybe, to push back onBrandon [00:33:19]: They're super, they're superhuman. They're, they' 10X superhuman.Yaroslav [00:33:22]: They're not vulnerable to electronic warfare. They don't care about the radio horizon. They don't lose track during navigation. They are not susceptible to human error when, an artillery shell or other drone blows up besides you and you're like, “Hell no,”like, “I'm getting out of here.” Right? That doesn't happen to an autonomous drone. Like, all of those things. Like, we have, like, one of the brigades that's using our drones with just first level autonomy They literally said that their success rates-Brandon [00:33:53]: What's first level autonomy?Yaroslav [00:33:54]: First level autonomy is just the terminal guidance.Yaroslav [00:33:57]: By the way, we have video of that. We can watch that.Brandon [00:33:59]: Terminal guidance means a human gets it nearby and then the AI takes over.Yaroslav [00:34:03]: The human flies it all the way, like 30 kilometers towards the target, and obviously the target was probably given to that human by someone who's flying some ISR drone, some reconnaissance drone, right? So all the way to the target, and once you see the target from a distance of 500 meters, you do target lock, and from there drone flies autonomous. So just that feature alone, it has increased the guy's, his call sign is Grom, so it has increased his, mission success rate, like precision of mission, yeah, mission success rate from 20% to 71%, and it also increased his kill zone from three kilometers to 10 kilometers, which means there's certain area around the front line which is designated kill zone. Whenever enemy goes into that area, it's almost guaranteed to be to be destroyed by a drone. And then obviously the drones are not launched from like, the zero line. They're usually launched from like, minus 10 kilometer-Mission Success, Failure Modes, and the Five Levels of AutonomyBrandon [00:35:03]: What is a zero line?Yaroslav [00:35:05]: Zero line is sort of an imaginary line of control, of two conflicting forces.Brandon [00:35:14]: It's important to explain these things to a lot of the listeners who areYaroslav [00:35:17]: Thank you for askingBrandon [00:35:18]: Familiar with warfare.Noah [00:35:20]: Myself.Noah [00:35:20]: I'm one of those listeners.Brandon [00:35:20]: You said that level one autonomy, in other words just terminal guidance, just, like, human gets it to the finish line and then it goes over the finish line, increases mission success from 20 something percent to 71%, or something like that.Yaroslav [00:35:33]: Increases the kill zoneBrandon [00:35:34]: Increases the kill zoneYaroslav [00:35:34]: Three kilometers to 10 kilometers.Brandon [00:35:36]: Got it.Yaroslav [00:35:36]: On both parameters-Brandon [00:35:37]: What is full autonomy, dude? AndNoah [00:35:38]: Actually on real quick, can we define mission success and like, maybe in a way, what are the failure modes of missions?Brandon [00:35:44]: I have a guess what mission success is.Noah [00:35:46]: But I couldBrandon [00:35:47]: Get ‘em.Yaroslav [00:35:49]: No, but that's a very good question, in fact, because, even if you fly into the target, well, first the target can be damaged or destroyed. Those are two different modes. Then there can be different targets. A sole infantryman is one kind of target. A dugout where supposed there are some, enemies there is another kind of target, and a some mechanical equipment is another type of target. Radio emitting equipment, which, like, often, like, the targets that the military want to get more than anything else is the some enemy radio tower or something like that or some small radio dish that really makes life difficult in that area, in that combat area. So those are different targets, right? It can be destroyed, can be damaged.Then sometimes, the drone hits but doesn't explode. Like, that happens. And then, there are other failure modes. You didn't even reach the target because you were A jammed by electronic warfare; B, you lost the control over drone because of the radio horizon; C, you were jammed by a different type of electronic warfare that happens way before You hit the target area. It's, impacting your, video receiver. So like jamming on video or jamming on control are two different types of jamming. Then something malfunctioned on a drone, just a mechanical malfunction, maybe like a motor broke or like, whatever. So all of those are different failure modes. Yeah, or maybe you got lost, you're navigate navigating to your, to your target. That happens, too.Noah [00:37:41]: The Level one autonomy, basically you manage to point in a direction.Noah [00:37:49]: You go there, and then the last mile The drone taking over.Yaroslav [00:37:52]: We define this like, I define that but it sort of got picked up by the industry. We define five levels of autonomy. So level one is terminal guidance. It's what we just discussed. Level two is bombing. Level three is autonomous target detection and engagement decision. Level four is autonomous navigation. And level five is autonomous takeoff and landing.Noah [00:38:15]: Those are good things to knowYaroslav [00:38:16]: Those are five levels of autonomy. Now, if youNoah [00:38:19]: I have a question for you.Yaroslav [00:38:19]: Sorry. Like, let me finish withNoah [00:38:21]: SorryYaroslav [00:38:21]: Theoretical part.Noah [00:38:23]: What is Tesla running at right now?Yaroslav [00:38:25]: Tesla?Noah [00:38:25]: No, sorry.Yaroslav [00:38:26]: That's very good point. Like, it's exactly, it was inspired by the levels of self-driving autonomy.Noah [00:38:32]: Waymo's level five, right?Noah [00:38:35]: You just tell it where you want to go, it picks you up, and then you go there.Yaroslav [00:38:36]: I think, like, if you, if you look at the classic definitions of self-driving cars, Waymo is still, like, level four because it still requires even remote, but still, like, human control. It's like if Waymo gets in trouble, there is an operator who takes over and resolves this. So that would still be a level four. It doesn't map directly, but it's also five levels.Brandon [00:38:58]: Can I, can I interject a question here? In terms of an FPV drone that's like a suicide drone that'll just blow itself up killing something, how do what it hit? Like, does it, just transmit back, or do you sort of like, lose track of it and hope it hit? Like, what happens to that?Yaroslav [00:39:16]: That's a great question. SoBrandon [00:39:18]: You need another droneYaroslav [00:39:19]: Like, the current battlefield in Ukraine is saturated with different types of drones. So obviously you have all the FPV drones and last year alone, Ukraine manufactured about 4 million of these, and then Russia's maybe, like, 20% less than that. And for this year, the publicly voiced target was 7 million on Ukrainian side. So it's, like, serious numbers. We're getting in serious numbers here. And then besides those, there are different, reconnaissance drones, ISR as we call them, and there are sort of tactical level ISR where we, both Ukrainians and Russians usually use, Mavic, drone by DJI. And then there are a bunch of locally produced drones, which are sort of fixed wing drones that can stay in the air for much longer than Mavic, maybe, like, half an hour. And then, there are drones that can stay for many hours or even up to a day. And those drones have, are more expensive, have more expensive cameras, et cetera, et cetera. We hunt those drones that Russians launch. The Russians hunt our drones, and so on. But ideally, when you, are a group of soldiers operating an FPV, you'll have someone in your, company, or someone in your platoon who has an ISR asset that will do target designation for you. They'll say, “Oh, like, there's a Russian vehicle over there. Go and get him.”and you go there, you get it, and they're like, “Okay, confirmed.”Battlefield Surveillance and the Eight Dimensions of AutonomyBrandon [00:40:57]: Those guys are watching. They have their own drones in the sky.Yaroslav [00:40:59]: Target destroyed. They have, like, a carousel of drones because One Mavic cannot stay more than 30 minutes. ItBrandon [00:41:06]: They're constantly surveilling the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:07]: Almost every spot on the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:11]: It's not always the case. Sometimes you will not have a surveillance asset, so then you would launch another FPV just to confirm that there was a hit. Then if you see there was a hit and you're not sure if it completely destroyed, you maybe hit again for good measure.Brandon [00:41:26]: You double tap.Yaroslav [00:41:28]: That's how it works. But I was about to give you another sort of piece of taxonomy. So you have five levels of autonomy, right? Then you have sort of eight dimensions of autonomous battlefield. So what is eight dimensions? It's crucial to understand how autonomy evolves in a modern, battlefield environment. So dimension number one is level of autonomy. What are the capabilities that your asset has? Dimension number two is the platform you're operating on. So it can be a quadcopter, a fixed wing drone, different types of maybe, like, a long range drone or short range drone, but it can also be a missile. You can have autonomy even on an artillery shell or a ground vehicle or a sea vehicle. So all of those are different platforms. Level three would be domain. So it's ground to ground or ground to air as an intersection, or ground to sea or sea to air. They're all, like, all the nuances with different domains. Then level four, would be higher levels of autonomy, such as swarming, drone carriers, drone nests, et cetera.Brandon [00:42:39]: Now when you're saying level, you're talking about dimensions, not about-Yaroslav [00:42:42]: Sorry. YeahBrandon [00:42:43]: Autonomy levels. So dimension four.Yaroslav [00:42:43]: The dimension. Yeah, I used to say I was supposed to say dimension. I say dimension because each of them works with another, right? So you might have, like third level autonomy, fixed wing drone operating in land to air, and stuff like that right? And then operating in a swarm or operating from a nest. Right? Then you have, sort of dimension number five is environment. So is it day or night? Is it summer or winter? Is it, humid, cold, dry? What kind of target is it? Is your target hiding in a forest, or is it, behind a hill or within buildings? So all of that is environment. Then you have, dimension number six is command and control. How are you dealing with or like, tens of thousands of those assets around the battlefield? How are you coordinating that on the higher levels of command? How are you collecting data? All that.Yaroslav [00:43:44]: Dimension number seven would be infrastructure, so things like simulation, data collection tools, security, deployment mechanisms, et cetera. So all those systems have to be developed separately and integrate with all the others. And finally, dimension number eight is sort of distribution. Have you deployed 100 of these systems or 100,000 of these systems? Because those are two very different ballgames. So that now gives you a more broad overview of how autonomy propagates across the battle space.Targeting, Human Responsibility, and Rules of EngagementNoah [00:44:23]: As someone who has done machine learning and had gone out of distribution and had things, go horribly wrong, you were talking several of these, kind of axes of thinking about drone warfare seem like they could be very susceptible to some sort of distribution shift if you start making things autonomous.Yaroslav [00:44:41]: Like what?Noah [00:44:41]: I mean Well, first ofYaroslav [00:44:43]: If the I'm very interested Sort of sort of kinds of scenarios that you're thinking about.Noah [00:44:48]: Like the most obvious one is you, if I assume these are computer vision guided systems for at least the last mile, how do you ensure that oh, well, like you now have some fog roll in or something, and you, the drones just attack the wrong thing? Or maybe, it probably will not turn around and fly back and attack you, but youYaroslav [00:45:10]: Same, the same, the same question, how do you ensure that your mortar fire hits the right thing? Well, it's like mortar fire, give or take half a kilometer could be plus or minus. So maybe you fire one, and then you fire another. So drones are actually, much better in being precise in those scenarios. And I think, to your point, I think five to 10 years from now it will be immoral to use weapons without AI.Yaroslav [00:45:44]: ‘Cause weapons without AI will be more likely to cause, collateral damage or unwanted damage. Same way, it will be immoral to drive your own car manually on a public road because it's more likely to cause, unwanted damage.Noah [00:46:02]: Wow, I never considered that mightBrandon [00:46:04]: Really? That's definitely coming.Yaroslav [00:46:07]: Anyway.Brandon [00:46:07]: No, but that' I don't know, it's an obvious, an obvious thought. I agree with you.Brandon [00:46:12]: I, No, they, obviously they're not going to let you drive once most of the cars on the road are autonomous.Noah [00:46:17]: No, that one, don't I believe.Yaroslav [00:46:19]: No, I think you were you were talking about drones, right?Brandon [00:46:21]: The drones, right. Cool.Yaroslav [00:46:22]: The weapons, right?Brandon [00:46:23]: Friendly fire and collateral damage and stuff like that is all minimized with AI.Brandon [00:46:27]: Here's my question. Take all let's go to level six autonomy. Let's take all of the target selection. Let's take all the battlefield data, integrate it into one big AI, and have that big AI basically be in command of the battlefield And agentically do target selection.Yaroslav [00:46:44]: Be the general, right?Brandon [00:46:44]: It's a general. It's, you've cut humans out of the loop except maybe as dexterous robots, repairing drones and fastening things to drones or maybe something like that because you don't have those robots yet. How soon are we there? AI general.Yaroslav [00:46:58]: The most important thing to ask ourselves is who will be faster to that us or our adversaries?Brandon [00:47:07]: I assume us, but how fast will we be to that? I hope us.Yaroslav [00:47:11]: I hope so too.Brandon [00:47:12]: How fast can we Like when are we looking at that in terms of like horizons years?Yaroslav [00:47:18]: Like technically, it could be done now. The question is of course, there's, some engineering work to be done. The bigger challenge is deployment. Right? So okay, technically Like operation in Iran, right? They, the publicly, it was claimed that I think Palantir system was used for target designation, et cetera, et cetera. So it is not exactly as you say, the AI makes all the decisions, but basically AI goes through all the data you have, gives you these 1,027 different targets and says, “You-- To confirm, please press Okay.” And you look at the targets and you're like, “Yeah, sounds right. Press Okay.”so that's, I think that's where we are now already, or we were a couple weeks ago as we're recording this on April 10th. Another question is how massively deployable it is. Is it, like, every decision being made like that or is it, like, just some of the decisions made like that? And then different levels of command and control. There you have, like, the platoon, the company level, the battalion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. But the tricky thing here when we get into that territory, the tricky thing is If your enemy is getting advantage of being Thousand times faster than yourself by deploying such systems What do you do?Yaroslav [00:49:10]: You got to-Brandon [00:49:12]: The if the enemy is a thousand times faster than you at deploying those systems?Yaroslav [00:49:16]: Like, if enemy starts deploying level six autonomy, as you call And you have not started doingBrandon [00:49:22]: You're in troubleYaroslav [00:49:23]: Yes, exactly. So you have to catch up. So my point is that it is very important to think about the safety of these systems, but that thinking should not slow you down in developing them because they are critical for your existential, survival, right? And like, one person who doesn't think, doesn't get to think about the ethics of the war is a dead person. That person surely doesn't get to think about that.Brandon [00:49:52]: What would be the safety risk of such a system?Yaroslav [00:49:55]: Of course-Brandon [00:49:56]: Friendly fire?Yaroslav [00:49:56]: Just wrong decisions, right?Brandon [00:49:59]: I see.Yaroslav [00:49:59]: Maybe, these decisions-AI Command Decisions, Dead Zones, and Complex BattlefieldsBrandon [00:50:06]: Skynet AI decides it's going to useYaroslav [00:50:08]: No, these-Brandon [00:50:08]: Drone army to kill usYaroslav [00:50:09]: Decisions will not only be made about drones. They are likely to made about what the humans should do on your side as well. Then obviously some environments are more like Ukrainian-Russian war, where you haveBrandon [00:50:26]: It will have to choose to risk lives. It will have to choose to sacrifice human lives-Yaroslav [00:50:28]: Of courseBrandon [00:50:29]: On your side.Yaroslav [00:50:29]: Of course. And then some environments are just, like, dead, like, dead zones and there are no civilians there, or virtually no civilians close to the front line because, like, super dangerous. Everyone has evacuated from there. But there are other environments which are more like, okay, there's a counterterrorist operation. There's, like, a group of terrorists or a group of civilians. Or like, it's like the recent operations in Iran, I imagine that the US and Israeli forces do not want to harm civilians. They only targeted the military targets there, right? So in those situations, it's a different level of responsibility for that decision-making as well. And then there is just such a big variety of those military missions, and I'm not even, like, well-informed or well-educated in military science to tell you about all those scenarios. We would need to put some general besides me, and maybe a Ukraine general and American general would have told you very different stories about these things.Brandon [00:51:34]: Got it. Can I ask a few more questions? All right. So in 2013, I wrote one of my first, paid articles ever was about how the era of drones will change human society. I was just sitting around bored thinking about things.Yaroslav [00:51:54]: You were way ahead of your time.Brandon [00:51:55]: I said, I said, “The following will happen.”Yaroslav [00:51:57]: It's, this article is real. I've read it.Yaroslav [00:51:58]: It's actually-Brandon [00:51:59]: I said small autonomous, suicide drones, will cleanse the battlefield of human infantry. Human infantry will not be able to stand against swarms of AI-powered, suicide drones. That was I didn't even know about, like, AlexNet at the time, I think.Yaroslav [00:52:19]: You're just an avid sci-fi reader.Brandon [00:52:23]: I'm an avid sci-fi reader, but also, like, it's not Like, there will be a way to do that. It's a it's a nonlinear multidimensional search problem, and you get enough compute, you'll find some search algorithm that will get you there. And soBrandon [00:52:38]: I, yeah, I think that one sentence describes the bitter lesson right there.Brandon [00:52:41]: It's just like it's a multidimensional search space. You search it somehow. I don't know. Figure out some get a grad student-Yaroslav [00:52:47]: Sooner or laterBrandon [00:52:47]: To make a search algorithm.Brandon [00:52:48]: It's not that hard. Anyway, so but then, but I guess the point is The point is that human infantry on the battlefield will be will be gone at the end. I wrote that in 2013. Many people on social media laughed at me for that called me hysterical, said things like, “Electronic warfare will knock all the drones out of the sky.”like, “You need humans to hold ground.”that's something you still hear from a lot of people on social media today. I feel that this article that I've written has never been directionally wrong. It has gotten more and more right steadily over time, and that we're very reading the battlefield reports from Ukraine, where, human infantry are basically guy, like a few guys hiding in dugouts for months, and I'm not sure what they're doing.Yaroslav [00:53:35]: That's on Ukraine's side. On the Russian side, that's just like a zerg rush.Brandon [00:53:38]: The zerg rush, and then they just die. Then, but they have some guys in dugouts too, right? Like hiding in dugouts for months.Yaroslav [00:53:45]: They have. Yeah.Brandon [00:53:45]: Like, but that like, what are those guys doing in the dugouts? Are providing, like, frontline, like, reconnaissance? Like, what are they doing?Yaroslav [00:53:54]: If there is a guy in a dugout with some bullets and automatic weapon, the other guy cannot come and take the that dugout. That'Brandon [00:54:07]: I seeYaroslav [00:54:08]: They are they're establishing control over territory.Brandon [00:54:10]: I see. So that is so there still is a use for human infantry on the battlefield as of today.Yaroslav [00:54:15]: LikeBrandon [00:54:15]: How long will that last?Yaroslav [00:54:17]: I think it will last for a while. This is funny. There's this whole Layer of the modern culture, a modern Ukraine culture built around the war-related stuff. So there is this -Punk rock band, that is called SZC, I guess in English that would be. Which stands short for like a deserter or something like that. So anyhow, this band has a song titled “2030.” It's basically about the year 2030, and the war still goes on as like the whatever, third world war or whatever. And they basically, they, sang about the AI and like cyborgs and everything, but the simple infantry is still needed, and we're still, like, getting cold in those dugouts, and we're still doing our job. That's sort of the theme of the song. And it seems like that's actually what's going to happen. There areGround Robots, Simulation, and the Limits of World ModelsBrandon [00:55:30]: Ground robots will not replace humans in the dugouts soon.Yaroslav [00:55:34]: I'm very much interested in following the whole humanoid robot theme andBrandon [00:55:39]: What about like a dog robot?Noah [00:55:41]: Or just mobile controlled platforms or something.Brandon [00:55:44]: Spider robot, yeah.Brandon [00:55:45]: Everything evolves into a crab.Brandon [00:55:46]: You build a crab robot.Yaroslav [00:55:47]: A humanoid-Noah [00:55:48]: The carcinization of warfare.Yaroslav [00:55:51]: There is a lot of utility in humanoid robots because the world is designed around humanoids. So I would not, like, 100% disqualify the possibility that sometimes 10 years in the future, humanoid robots, will be actually fighting. So that's an actual Terminator kind of scenario.Brandon [00:56:14]: Yeah, in the first Terminator movie, you look at what they've got on the battlefield, they've got flying bomber drones and humanoid robots.Yaroslav [00:56:20]: Look, the cost of large language models of running them is getting so low, you can have basically an inexpensive computer running, what was a state-of-the-art model a year and a half ago, running it locally on a device with an open source model, which also means that the Chinese can have it, the Russians can have it, the North Koreans can have it, et cetera. So that is already possible. And with when we're looking at the acceleration of the neural nets, I would've, if not the acceleration of the large language models, I would've said that I don't think that humanoid robots will be able to be useful in the battlefield earlier than in 10 years. But if you account for the exponential, it might be five years or so. The problem with all of the autonomous systems, and it's like starts with self-driving cars and even with all the AI, like modern day AI agents, to make them really, useful, you have to solve such a long tail of edge cases, that it's really difficult to make them useful. Like we were promised, self-driving cars, what, like 2007, Sebastian Thrun and Google, and even before that all the challenges, everything. And Elon of course told us it's going to be one year from 2014, and now we still don't have self-driving Teslas everywhere. We have Waymos in SF and some other places, but they're still, like, not perfect. So I think, I expect something similar from self-flying drones and fully autonomous drones, and we saw that firsthand as with each level of autonomy that we're adding, there is a very wide distance between a prototype and something that is ready to be scaled to millions of units and something that has been scaled to millions of units. But the race with like AI coding tools is just insane. So things might accelerate very fast, faster than we can imagine.Noah [00:58:46]: I think your point is that with due to this long tail behavior Level one autonomy as you've defined it, is actually very natural. Like you basically are just solving an image recognition and tracking system.Yaroslav [00:59:02]: It's actually interesting that you say it that way, and I thought about this the very same way, and we have this joke that there are like 200 companies in Ukraine which are trying to solve last mile, targeting or terminal guidance. It seems like we're like the only company that actually solved that because even that problem-Noah [00:59:22]: I'm not saying it's, I'm not saying it's trivial, but it's at least something that you imagine given our current state.Yaroslav [00:59:26]: Like us and Eric Schmidt, like Eric Schmidt's companies are pretty good.Yaroslav [00:59:29]: Like, I actually have lots of respect to what they're doing, and they're, they have been practically influential and helpful on the battlefield, and they have good engineering.Noah [00:59:38]: I wasn't, I wasn't saying it's trivial. I'm just saying this is a something naturally adaptive based upon things that we know work, well. But some of the other domains that where you do have to make decisions and you have a long tail become much harder, and you worry about edge cases more.Yaroslav [00:59:57]: Like the more, the more complex behavior you're trying to simulate, the more edge cases there are right? The more ways to do it wrong there are. And then there are different approaches. It's like if you think about, if you read academic papers about robotics, right? You sort of the robot is represented as something that has the sort of sensor input, and then you have three, levels of sort of logics or decision-making, which are perception, planning, and control, and then you have actuators as output.So pre-neural nets, you would do perception output and control all with classic logics, right? Then, with AlexNet and computer vision, you could do perception with neural nets and the rest with logic. You cannot currently do each of those separately with neural nets, each of those separately with logics, or you can just have one huge neural net that just takes lots of sensory data. It's not just pixels. Could be sound, could be accelerometer, could be everything, as input, and just outputs the controls. And some of the self-driving car companies are doing that or like, experimenting between different ways of doing that. So you can also, like, think about that and the way you implement those features, also influences how much degrees of freedom the system would have, right? Like control, you can do it classical algorithmic control with common filters and PAD filter, PAD controllers, et cetera, or you can do a neural net, that was trained in a gym with a reinforcement learning, et cetera. And those would be two different behaviors of a system.Noah [01:01:53]: I-- Maybe my point was just much more high level. It'Yaroslav [01:01:56]: Or you can If you go even like, if you go high level, you can, you can like train to like have whatever, like Feifei Li and folks who are doing like physical, sortBrandon [01:02:08]: World modelsYaroslav [01:02:08]: World models, right, physical intelligence, they're trying to make these big models and sort of understand the world and then supposedly you have such model and you can tell a drone, “Okay, like, go over that hill and like, find the bad guys and then get them,”or “Make me a video, make me a photo of the guy smiling and get back to me.” Right? That's one way. Another way you have like these subsystems, like one is navigation, another is finding the person, another is like getting to them to take a photo. And those are again, very different behaviors. And then it's not that one is necessarily better than the other, and we might have more technological ability to do one or another. But all of those systems will exist. And then again, you should always keep in mind that it's only the not only the good guys that are developing these systems, the bad guys are developing these systems as well.China's Drone Supply Chain and the West's Manufacturing GapNoah [01:03:00]: I guess where I'm going with this back to Noah's original thought with the end of the end of the soldier. And so in order to replace-Brandon [01:03:10]: Or at least the end of the rifleman.Noah [01:03:11]: Or the end of the rifleman, yeah.Yaroslav [01:03:13]: I'm not seeing that very close, and it was like I'm, as much as I'm a lover of sci-fi and all of that and a technologist, the more I try to beYaroslav [01:03:27]: Like the I try to have certain humility about these things, and like the military, domain and there was just so much human history and blood and tears, dedicated to sort of understanding this art of war and perfecting it and so on. There is so much knowledge in there that I don't feel like I even started to comprehend, a lot of that. But one thing that I really understood is that even though drones are now making eighty percent of the casualties, you go to the actual officers, you talk to the actual, like, brigade commanders, corps commanders, and they explain to you, how all of it fits together, how when you're thinking about an operation that involves a couple thousand people to get this piece of land, out of the enemy's hands, deoccu deoccupy it, how it is so complex, it involves, dozens of different types of drones and then land operations and reconnaissance operations, psychological operations and then aviations and tanks and logistics and all kinds of these different assets. So modern warfare is really very complex, and the fact that the drones are the latest, coolest thing, and then the AI is latest, coolest thing, doesn't mean that now it's that and only that right? So yeah. Whoever's looking into that I think should realize that it's not just what the press talks about, that the reality is much more difficult, much more complex.Brandon [01:05:17]: Let's talk about China and China's manufacturing capabilities. So suppose that someone, like suppose the United States went to war with China. AndYaroslav [01:05:26]: I hope not.Brandon [01:05:27]: I hope not as well. And then but suppose that drones were very essential to that war of all the types of drones that we're talking about here, and that suppose that China said, “All right, well, you need X and Y and Z, to make those drones to fight us, and we control the production of X and Y and Z, so we're just going to cut you right off, and now you have no drones.”Brandon [01:05:47]: I know that a number of countries, including Ukraine and Taiwan, have been making moves to China-proof their drone productions that China couldn't do that. Examples of things they might be able to cut off might include rare earths, fiber optic cable that you were talking about before, various other things that where even if they don't control one hundred percent of the production, they control enough of the production that would be extremely expensive to produce it without relying on Chinese sources. Or the market's fragmented enough, et cetera. What do you see as China's key bottlenecks, and how easy are those to overcome in terms of China-proofing drone production in case of a war against China?Yaroslav [01:06:30]: Let me start with a saying that -Although China does not sell directly to Ukraine and it does sell directly to Russia, a lot of Ukrainian supply chains, they start in China, right?Yaroslav [01:06:49]: We're not in a conflict with China, and we would not want to be in a conflict with China. And we'd hope that China stays a neutral power between Ukraine and Russia and the US as well. That said, the scenario that you're describing, everything is much worse.Yaroslav [01:07:11]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced four million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world.Yaroslav [01:07:19]: China can produce four billion of these FPV drones.Yaroslav [01:07:23]: China can make them not drones with propellers, but fixed-wing drones, which go not forty kilometers far, but maybe two to three hundred kilometers inland.

Sponsor Link:To grab our special money saving NordVPN deal - Click HereIn today's episode, Anna and Avery cover a blue whale-sized asteroid making a close pass of Earth today, the imminent debut of SpaceX's most powerful rocket yet, NASA's Psyche spacecraft successfully completing its Mars gravity assist, fresh science arriving at the ISS, a new physics paper challenging the simulation hypothesis at its foundations, and Congress pushing back hard against proposed cuts to NASA's science budget.   Story 1 — Asteroid 2026 JH2 Newly discovered asteroid 2026 JH2 (first spotted 10 May 2026) makes a close Earth flyby today at ~90,000 km — within the orbital radius of many satellites. Estimated size: up to ~35 metres (blue whale-sized). Zero impact risk confirmed. Observable with binoculars at peak magnitude ~11.5. Live stream available via the Virtual Telescope Project. Orbital period: 3.7 years between Earth and Jupiter.   Story 2 — Starship V3 / Flight 12 SpaceX targets May 19, 2026 for the debut of Starship Version 3 (Flight 12) from Pad 2 at Starbase, Texas. Launch window opens 6:30 PM EDT. Key upgrades: Raptor 3 engines (250 tf SL thrust, up from 230 tf), three larger grid fins, new integrated hot-stage design, updated propellant systems. No tower catch on this flight; booster splashes in Gulf of Mexico. Upper stage (Ship 39) targets Indian Ocean after 65 minutes. Payload: 22 Starlink simulator satellites. Critical step toward Artemis lunar landings.   Story 3 — NASA Psyche Mars Flyby On 15 May 2026 at 3:28 PM EDT, Psyche completed its Mars gravity assist at 4,500 km altitude travelling at 12,333 mph. Passed inside the orbits of both Martian moons. Confirmed by Doppler shift monitoring. Mission: en route to metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche (arrival July 2029). Thousands of Mars observations gathered for science calibration.   Story 4 — SpaceX CRS-34 SpaceX's 34th Dragon cargo mission docked at ISS at 6:37 AM EDT on 17 May 2026, delivering ~6,500 lb of cargo for Expedition 74. Science payloads include: microgravity simulator validation study, wood-based bone scaffold (osteoporosis research), red blood cell/spleen spaceflight study. Dragon will return to Earth mid-June splashing down off California coast.   Story 5 — Simulation Hypothesis Paper Paper: ‘Non-algorithmic physics and the limits of the simulation hypothesis', published in the Journal of Holography Applications in Physics. Authors: Mir Faizal (UBC Okanagan), Lawrence Krauss, Arshid Shabir, Francesco Marino. Core argument: using Gödel's incompleteness theorems, the team argues any theory of quantum gravity would be non-algorithmic — containing truths no computation can capture. Since any simulation requires algorithms, reality cannot be fully simulated. Note: this is a theoretical paper, not an experimental result. The authors acknowledge no complete quantum gravity theory currently exists.   Story 6 — NASA FY2027 Budget House Appropriations Committee approved $24.438 billion for NASA in FY2027 — matching FY2026 and rejecting the White House's proposed $18.8 billion (a 23% cut). The proposal would have cut the Science Mission Directorate by 46%, terminating 50+ missions. Committee protects science, Habitable Worlds Observatory, and STEM education funding. Bill still needs Senate passage and reconciliation.   Skywatching TONIGHT — Moon-Venus conjunction: look west after sunset for the crescent Moon close to brilliant Venus. Earthshine visible on dark lunar limb. Southern Hemisphere: look west-northwest, best in first hour after sunset. Blue Moon on 31 May (second full Moon of the month).  Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

She lost her leg in a traumatic accident… and turned it into a mission to help others find strength, identity, and purpose again. This is the story behind Less Leg More Heart — and why it matters for every patient facing limb loss or PAD. I'm talking with Tina Godfrey Hurley, founder of Less Leg More Heart, alongside Dr. John Phillips, about what happens after amputation — physically, emotionally, and mentally — and how patients rebuild their lives in ways most people never see. Tina's journey started with a devastating accident that led to limb loss at a young age. Today, she's helping others navigate trauma, identity, mental health, and recovery through her nonprofit and advocacy work. We're getting into: • What patients really experience after limb loss • The emotional side of recovery doctors don't always see • How identity, confidence, and purpose evolve after trauma • Why community and support systems change outcomes • What PAD patients can learn from the amputee community If you've ever thought, "no one understands what this feels like," this conversation will hit home.

Sage the Bad Naturalist, Evan Heling and Katelyn Heling face questions about disruptive droughts, moved moments and sneaky snaps. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Alina Abidi, Trevor Cashmore, Karen Zheng, Marc Lesan, Alyshia, Maciej. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wheels Off, AirTags On: The Ultimate Survival Guide to Flying Your Dog Host Laura Reeves gets the ultimate intel from Alicia Morrison Jones—an Afghan Hound breeder who clocked roughly 200,000 miles flying her own dog before going behind the counter as an Alaska Airlines employee. Ditch the travel anxiety with this ultimate survival guide to flying your dog, featuring insider secrets on crate hacks, cargo hold myths and the non-negotiable rules you need to know before takeoff. The Truth About the Cargo Hold:Stop panicking about the baggage hold.It is fully pressurized and temperature-regulated, often running about 10 degrees cooler than the passenger cabin. Your dog gets their own isolated, strapped-in section away from the regular luggage and they usually have more room down there than you do in economy.Crate Survival Rules & Fees:Be prepared to pay the new pet fee of $200 each way.Ditch the collapsible crates:Alaska Airlines no longer accepts them. You must use a solid, stationary crate.Know your aircraft limits:The absolute maximum crate height for a 737 is 30 inches.Wheels Off:Crates can no longer have wheels attached. Take them off and label them with your name and phone number. The Ultimate Travel Hacks: AirTag Everything:Strap an Apple AirTag to your dog's collar or secure it to their crate for instant tracking and peace of mind.The Zip-Tie Hack:Secure your water buckets to the crate door with zip-ties so the clips don't break off during heavy turbulence.The 10/30 Health Certificate Rule:Your vet health certificatemustbe dated within 10 days of your initial departing flight, which then covers a 30-day travel window for your return trip.Absorbent Material is Mandatory:Don't get left behind for a biohazard issue. Pad the bottom of your crate with secure, absorbent material.Beat the Clock:Arrive a minimum of two hours early to survive TSA, complete the extensive paperwork and get your crate inspected. How to Get Denied Boarding (What NEVER to do): Ban the Flexi Lead:Never walk your dog through the airport on a flexi lead—it is a massive safety hazard for other passengers and pets.Keep it Quiet:If your dog is heavily stressed, banging on the crate door, or barking incessantly,the airline will deny you boardingfor safety reasons. Summer Embargo Warning: Watch the heat. Summer temperature embargoes officially drop on May 15, so start planning your travel carefully around the cool hours of the day. This year Alaska Airlines decided to set summer embargoes for select airports. Here is a breakdown of the embargoes for 2026: *Austin (AUS) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. *Baltimore (BWI) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM – 8:00 PM. *Dallas Fort Worth International (DFW) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. *Detroit (DTW) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM – 12:00 AM. *Dulles (IAD) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM – 8:00 PM. *El Paso (ELP) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. *Houston (IAH) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. **Kansas City (MCI) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026. **Las Vegas (LAS) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights March 27, 2026 through October 15, 2026. *John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 1:00 PM – 6:00 PM. **Oklahoma City (OKC) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026. *Palm Springs (PSP) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 1, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM. *Philadelphia (PHL) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM – 8:00 PM. *Phoenix (PHX) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights April 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. *Pittsburgh (PIT) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM – 8:00 PM. *Sacramento (SMF) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM. *San Antonio International (SAT) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. **St Louis (STL) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026. *Tucson (TUS) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM. **Tulsa (TUL) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026. *Washington D.C. (DCA) Due to extreme temperature forecasts, animals traveling in the baggage compartment will not be accepted on flights May 15, 2026 through September 30, 2026 between 12:00 PM –...

The Beast keeps getting Beaslier! We're about a week away from the 12th test flight for the Starship program, but this will be the first launch of what appears to be the final configuration: Starship Mark III atop the new SuperHeavy booster and the first launch from Pad 2. It's been SEVEN MONTHS since the last flight — an eternity for SpaceX. Is this the configuration that will get us back to the surface of the moon?

Karolis Tiškevičius, Jonas Miklovas ir Lukas Malinauskas aptaria istorinį Vilniaus „Ryto“ titulą, fenomenalų Simono Lukošiaus pasirodymą bei kivirčų bangą sukėlusį Šaro komentarą. Tinklalaidės partneriai: – Saily eSIM. Gaukite išskirtinę 15% nuolaidą „Saily“ duomenų planams! Naudokite kodą BASKETNEWS atsiskaitydami. Atsisiųskite „Saily“ programėlę arba apsilankykite čia. – Plote. Padės suvaldyti namo statybos procesą nuo pradžios iki pabaigos. Su kodu BASKETNEWS dabar galit gauti 500 EUR nuolaidą sutarties sudarymo mokesčiui. – Nealkoholinis alus „Gubernija”, daugiau informacijos čia. – Penktą kartą. Ir vis dar legendinis. BasketNews Sąskrydis 2026 – liepos 11-12 d. Visą informaciją rasite čia. PERGALIŲ NEGALIME NEŠVĘSTI „Ryto“ triumfo Čempionų lygoje proga pratęsiame ypatingą BN+ nuolaidą dar vienai ir jau paskutinei parai. Daugiau informacijos čia. Temos: Žibas vėl pas mus studijoj (0:00); Stebuklas!!! (2:37); Kas tas Simonas Lukošius? (7:42); Laimėtas kibiras ir nevykęs Šaro bajeris (20:35); Kosminis rungtynių galas (25:13); Viena komanda arba „Rytas” dėkingas Žiemeliui (28:23); Politikai ir verslininkai tribūnose (31:25); Maodo Lo lieka „Žalgiry” (38:13); Ar „Rytas” gali mesti iššūkį „Žalgiriui”? (38:42); Pliki Masiuliai (43:55); Nebelūžtantis ir nebesmirdantis „Rytas” (45:20); Rungtynės, kurias vaikai prisimins (48:24); BasketNews ir toliau virina akciją! (52:54); Duokit „Rytui” pinigų! (53:26); Laura Juškaitė debiutavo WNBA! (54:53); Tai kodėl „Ryto” fanai skandavo ŽK? (56:14); Istorinis būsimas BN LIVE su Marčiulioniu (58:36).

Matt Gray, Rowan Ellis and Verity Babbs face questions about pervasive players, biscuit barrels and foreign flags. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Jimmy Dailey, Frank Fabrizio, Joel Haydon, Nico, Jordan Cook-Irwin, Charlie Brodersen, Ben W.. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this week's episode, we break down what to expect for Starship Flight 12 coming up next week & we share the moments from our last live stream hanging out during another falcon heavy launch! There's a lot going on in the world and the space industry and we want to get you amped up for the next big rocket launch Starship flight 12 success is success for future Artemis missions and NASA;s journey to the moon again. So wish the team's luck and get caught up on everything since flight 11 in EP413! I'm Writing My First Book and Making My First AI! Sign up for our newsletter to follow along and learn more (sign up at chat3dp.ai) Is YOUR Company Looking to Hire Talented People in the Aerospace/Robotics/Technology fields? Email us at  todayinspacepodcast@gmail.com  for our in-podcast job listing ad rates and start finding talent within our community! Let's build a fantastic future together! We'd like to thank our sponsors:AG3D Labs (go to ag3dlabs.com to learn more, get started 3D printing, and sign up for our newsletter and 3D Printing AI release!) Resources: Video from Space leading up to Flight 12: https://x.com/spacex/status/2047800137133756633?s=46 Starship Development Comic Infographic by Alex G Orphanos SPACEMAN COMICS:  Digital ($2)  https://stan.store/AG3Dlabs/p/space-comic-poster-01-by-spaceman-comics Physical (starting at $23) https://ag3dreplicator.com/products/starship-development-comic-poster-matte-vertical-spacex-inspired-infographic Support the podcast: • Buy a 3D printed gift from our shop -  http://ag3dprinting.etsy.com• Get a free quote on your next 3D printing project at  http://ag3d-printing.com • Today In Space Merch:  James Webb Space Telescope Model (3DPrinted)  https://ag3dprinting.etsy.com/listing/1839142903 SpaceX Starship-Inspired Rocket Pen (3DPrinted)  https://ag3dprinting.etsy.com/listing/1602850640 Timestamps: 00:00 Starship Flight 12 Incoming 00:58 Starship Development, Raptor V3, Pad 2, and more! 04:25 Moon Landers for NASA Artemis 3 & 4 - NO MORE NRHO? 04:45 What is NRHO? Generally, not technically 05:35 LEO For Artemis 3 06:41 About Writing My First Book & Making 1st AI 08:51 Your Space Company Looking to Hire? Advertise Jobs on the Podcast! 10:13 Falcon Heavy Replay for Viasat 3-F3 Launch Hangout Stream LIVE

#DharmaRadio episode 60 is live with brand new music from OTIOT, Padé, Zafrir, TWIIG, ANGELPLAYA & LYNDO, Mathame, Maurya Sevak, Massano & Silver Panda, R3HAB, Alesso & JOA and many more! Tianora - Anatello (Padé Remix) 00:39Francis Mercier, MP3, Shammalee - Inshallah 06:03Mëstiza - Salam 08:26Ashton Collier, Foínix, Sam Silva - Uma Canção (For Shelter) 12:54Mathame - Yogen 17:30OTIOT - Desert Eagle 20:15Armin van Buuren & Skytech - She A Freak 24:53Zafrir - Deep In 28:30Massano, Silver Panda - Pa Ca 33:50Evoxel, Amiel Adany - Down To The Beat 37:32Alesso, JOA, Ft. Tyree Cooper - Turn Up The Bass 40:25R3HAB, Orem - Watch my heart go... 43:22NIIKO X SWAE & KSHMR - Bass Down Low (feat. DEV) 46:17TWIIG, ANGELPLAYA, LYNDO - O PAI TÁ ON 48:43KSHMR, Jason Ross, Brieanna Grace - Ultra Love 51:25Maurya Sevak - Waheshni Eh 55:09Matt Dybal, DVDEK - Black Room 58:45

Karolis Tiškevičius, Jonas Miklovas ir Tomas Purlys „Basketnews.lt podkaste“ aptarė įspūdingą „Žalgirio“ pergalę prieš „Fenerbahce“ ir būsimą Čempionų lygos pusfinalį „Rytui“. Tinklalaidės partneriai: Alkotesteris.lt. Ramybė, saugumas, atsakomybė. Iki gegužės 13 d. su kodu KREPSINIS Alcodetector s80, M40 ir S100 modeliams gauk 20% nuolaidą. Plote. Padės suvaldyti namo statybos procesą nuo pradžios iki pabaigos. Su kodu BASKETNEWS dabar galit gauti 500 EUR nuolaidą sutarties sudarymo mokesčiui. Inbank. Atsirado papildomų išlaidų? Su kodu KREPSINIS gauk nuolaidą vartojimo paskolos sutarties mokesčiui. Nealkoholinis alus „Gubernija“. Gegužės 11 d. Vilniuje – BN LIVE su Augustu Marčiulioniu! Bilietai. Temos: Studijoje alkostesteris (0:00); Abejonės dėl pergalės ir sunki pradžia (3:32); Tiškevičiaus naktinis susitikimas su Ibrahimu Kutluaymi (5:30); Nesuvokiamas Cisco dėjimas ir išimti lietuviai (13:20); Ąžuolo Tubelio stebuklai (15:10); Nuostabi atmosfera, teisėjų klaidos ir Ulanovas (25:48); Tomo Masiulio iniciatyva (34:18); „Šaras, mūsų Šaras!“ (35:20); Himnas, liūdnas Kalnietis ir 0:3 būtų neteisinga (39:17); Šaras timeouto nebepasiliko (43:00); Karolio skausmas ir bilietai (45:46); Istorinis „Ryto“ vakaras (47:33); Absurdas Atėnuose ir „Žalgirio“ eurai (50:45).

I'm interviewing a vascular surgeon who has PAD… and the doctor who treated him. Get ready for an inside look at what medicine looks like from both sides.  Dr. John Phillips and I are talking to Dr. Kevin Lurie, a vascular surgeon from Alaska who was recently diagnosed with Peripheral Artery Disease and treated for blockages below the knee.  We're also talking to Dr. Amr El Serghany, the vascular surgeon from Hawaii who performed the procedures using the Reflow Medical retractable stent.  Patients say it all the time: "If doctors had PAD, they would understand the pain." Now you'll hear from one who does… and the doctor who treated him.  This conversation goes deeper than anything we've done before:  • What it's like for a doctor to become the patient  • The reality of PAD pain and limitations  • How treatment decisions are made in real life • What changes when the physician understands the experience firsthand  • How this is reshaping the way both doctors approach care This is where clinical expertise meets lived experience — and it changes everything.

Sam Denby, Adam Chase and Ben Doyle from 'Jet Lag: The Game' face questions about culinary caution, ballgame bests and necessary nosegays. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Abigail Cline, Patrick T., Rado, Jean, Jan Czechowski, Matt Monitto, James. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

VT Physics, VeeVee and Geoff Marshall face questions about various vowels, jostling jumps and medical minerals. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Aaron Mason, Jeff Winer, Julien, Jessalynn, Eli Gorauskas, JP Etcheber, Cliff. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us Fan MailHear from Jasper Ribbers the founder of the industry leading 'Get Paid for your Pad' Podcast and the founder of Freewyld Foundry revenue management firmDeep Dive: hear the quickest gains via smart revenue management hacks. Jasper Rivers shares a practical framework for dynamic pricing, pacing, and AI so operators can stop guessing and start making deliberate decisions. • how do you know if your pricing your rooms too high? or too low?• revenue management as pricing plus bookability levers like cancellations, minimum stays, and calendar settings • why “set and forget” pricing tools can fail without the right parameters and regular review • ADR times occupancy as the core revenue equation, and why high occupancy can be a warning sign • booking window thinking, last-minute discount behaviour, and how to get ahead of the market • pacing against market occupancy to spot underpricing or overpricing earlier • balancing higher ADR with strong reviews through expectations and on-the-ground service • where AI helps most right now in revenue management workflows, forecasting and internal tools • what makes properties win in 2026?• amenity ROI with maintenance realities, including low-cost wellness ideas Guest Links:Jasper Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasperribbers/Jasper Instagram:  https://www.instagram.com/jasper.ribbers/Jaspers Book:  https://www.amazon.com/Get-Paid-Your-Pad-Maximize-ebook/dp/B00MXSLEIO?ref_=ast_author_dp&th=1&psc=1Freewyld Foundry Website:  freewildfoundry.com Freewyld Idyllwild Website:  https://freewyld.com/We work really hard to bring you the best content from the best operators in our industry and we do it all absolutely free of charge. All we ask is that you consider leaving us a review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify so we can keep the momentum going. Simply go to the homepage of the podcast and scroll down till you see the stars. Thanks for your support and let's keep getting more people outside.This podcast is powered by Sage Outdoor Advisory the industry leaders in feasibility studies and appraisals. 

Send us Fan MailEvening Prayer (Word of God; PAD; Glaucoma; Throat; Rest)Thank you for listening, our heart's prayer is for you and I to walk daily with Jesus, our joy and peaceaimingforjesus.comYouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/@aimingforjesus5346Instagram https://www.instagram.com/aiming_for_jesus/Threads https://www.threads.com/@aiming_for_jesusX https://x.com/AimingForJesusTik Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@aiming.for.jesus

SPIRIT-HF, another spironolactone trial in HFpEF; the ESSENCE imaging study of the drug olezarsen; the SirPAD trial in peripheral artery disease; and ultrasound-guided femoral venous access are the topics John Mandrola, MD, discusses in this week's podcast. This podcast is intended for healthcare professionals only. To read a partial transcript or to comment, visit: https://www.medscape.com/twic I ACC: SPIRIT-HF Trial FINEARTS-HF Trial https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2407107 TOPCAT Trial https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731 TOPCAT Americas Trial https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.114.013255 II A New Class of Lipid Lowering Drug Has a Dubious Debut At ACC ESSENCE-TIMI 73b Imaging Study https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.126.080012 ESSENCE-TIMI 73b Trial https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2507227 IMPROVE IT Trial https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1410489 III Drug-Coated Balloons Looked Quite Good in PAD interventions Sirolimus-Coated Balloon Reduces Amputation Risk in Peripheral Artery Disease https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/sirolimus-coated-balloon-reduces-amputation-risk-peripheral-2026a1000a83 SirPAD trial https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2600360 IV Another Vascular Story from the European Heart Rhythm Association ULYSSES Trial https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehag291 ULTRA-FAST Trial https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eux175 You may also like: The Bob Harrington Show with the Stephen and Suzanne Weiss Dean of Weill Cornell Medicine, Robert A. Harrington, MD. https://www.medscape.com/author/bob-harrington Questions or feedback, please contact news@medscape.net

Dani Siller, Bill Sunderland and Sarah Renae Clark face questions about funny flops, curious cubes and rolling races. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Dr Simon Scarle, Martin Aitken, Liam Davis, Taleweaver, David, Chris B., Jesse Sefton. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is all about the stress of people — managing them, working with them, attending to them, etc. Tiff and Kristy discuss what it means to manage results and lead people, and how sticking to systems of accountability in your practice can take a lot of that stress off your shoulders. Episode resources: Subscribe to The Dental A-Team podcast Schedule a Practice Assessment Leave us a review Transcript: The Dental A Team (00:00) Hello, Dental A Team listeners. We are back here today with another amazing podcast. I say that because I just know this is gonna be incredible content. I'll introduce myself again. I realized a podcast ago that I never introduced myself. I'm Tiffanie I am a consultant, a dental consultant here with the Dental A Team. I've been here for a really long time, so I guess I just assume everybody has also been here for a really long time. I think everybody's like my best friend and I sit here.   on this podcast, Kristy with you and with all of the listeners, just talking to my best friend. Like that's just how I roll. So I'll take the moment to say hello, welcome. Thank you to those who have been listening for a long time or a short time or a new today. We love being able to reach new people. Part of our mission is to reach as many people as we possibly can. And it's worded much better than that, but that's the gist of it. And Kiera, know, get, Kiera likes to quiz us.   every now and again and I fail every time you guys. It's just like words in my brain get jumbled. It's okay, it's totally fine. So our mission is here. We are so excited to welcome you. Kristy, I am excited to welcome you here with me today. You have been on a podcast roll with me. We have busted out so many. I really truly appreciate you for that and for so many other reasons. So thank you for being here today, Kristy.   The Dental A Team (01:18) Thank you. Thank you for having me. I'm excited.   The Dental A Team (01:21) Yeah, thank you. We have been chatting quite a few things. KPIs, I think this is the month of KPIs and results and it makes sense because Q1 is behind us. We're rolling into Q2 and making sure that we are set for success because my opinion is if we wait until November, but even July, if we're like, gosh, Q3, what are we doing? What are we doing? You're already behind you guys. You got a lot to make up at that point. You might as well just start now.   I love this role that we've been on today. We also always get to hit some personal development pieces, which is fun as well. So today, where this podcast right now, we really want to talk about the human side of things. Kristy, something that I notice, I get the luxury of seeing Dental A Team from all of the different sides. I get to see it from sales side, from marketing side, from development side, like all of education, from consulting.   every space of Dental A Team, I feel like I have a little toe dipped in there, just because I've been here for so long and I've helped in so many different facets to create what we are doing today. And with that, I get to see all of the different reasons that all of our clients are attractive to us and the people who are not yet clients or have just come for, know, tell me what my gap is and let me work on it. All those people, all the doctors, all the teams,   are typically coming and they're saying, I say this all the time, they're saying systems, right? We need systems. Clean up my systems, Kristy. My systems are broken. And they're like, please. And I've watched it. I've watched new to Dental A Team consultants be like, okay, let's start and we'll dig into systems. And I'm like, wait, wait, wait. Do we know that that system's broken? Like, let's take a step back and really figure out what it is, what it is and why you're actually here.   because your systems is the word that you're using to describe your issue, your symptom. And what typically is happening is we have stress. Things aren't working. They're not aligning just right. And we think, well, my systems are broken then. And your systems may not be broken. They may need adjusting or we may need to add some systems. We may need to do away with some old systems, right?   I've got practices that I'm like, think we're just billing this way because we like to, because we've always done it this way. I have to tell you, side tangent for a second, I love this office and when they listen to this, they're gonna know exactly who they are.   I was like, what do you mean you have a black book? What is a black book? Like I don't understand what this is. And they're like, Tiff, like you don't understand how much time we're spending tracking metrics. You're saying we're not tracking. And I'm like, well, I just need them on this Excel sheet. Like where are they at? And they have this old school accounting black book. Like I can't even show you how big it is. It's just like this massive ledger and they have a pencil and these little tiny cells and every day they're writing.   The Dental A Team (04:17) you   The Dental A Team (04:26) production, adjustments, collections, where the collections is coming from. And I was like, wow, Open Dental tells us all of this every day. You just have to print it. You can even keep it. You don't need to, because it's always accessible. But if it makes you feel better, print it daily and keep it. What are we doing? And so I say that because there are some systems that are just like, we've just always done that. My dad owned the practice and this is how he did it. And it was successful and cool.   We can keep doing it or we don't have to. It's up to you. But the stress is actually the underlying issue and it's usually financial stress or misunderstandings, missed expectations. I expected to make more money than I did. I expected to be able to do my expansion and I can't. I expected to have another dentist on board. I expected to be able to find a hygienist. I expected someone else to talk to all the...   team members on my team. It's missed expectations and it's stresses. And Kristy, something I wanted to dive into today was really how, one, I do think systems help those things. So yes, there is a deep dive onto the systems, but really understanding the stress behind a lot of it and the why I think is key. And Kristy, I don't know if you noticed this in your office, just tell me what you see.   I think one of the number one stressors that I see for doctors, for business owners, and for even office managers who have already taken on this role and doctors have delegated this to them, one of the number one stresses that I see is the stress of people. It's dealing with people, right? Whether it's the patients or the team, but really the HR management side of managing people, like dentistry is not hard, right? Work isn't hard, people are hard. And dealing with that,   tends to be the crux of a lot of stress for doctors that they think the systems will fix, which we'll dive into how they can help that. But Kristy, do you agree? Are you seeing that within your practices as well?   The Dental A Team (06:34) Yeah, 100 % across the board, whether it's doctors or leadership, it's definitely the people driven. And you hear the things like, people just don't show up like they used to or, you know, those little sayings are, they don't respect our time. And so yes, 100 % from patients to team members, to be honest with you, but people.   The Dental A Team (06:55) Yeah. I agree.   I agree. I get the like work ethic, like work ethics changed. These Gen Zers or Gen Xers or Gen whatevers. They're different. And I'm like, yeah, they are different. 2020 taught us a lot of things and things are different now. And we can keep standing here saying, you know, we want to be on this box that was old and is breaking or we can move forward onto the new box. I totally agree with that.   The Dental A Team (07:03) Yeah   Thank you.   The Dental A Team (07:25) When I think of stress of people, I agree. I think people can be hard. Managing people can be hard. And I think leading people is a very different statement. And leading people makes management easy, if that makes sense. I believe in managing results and leading people. Systems without accountability.   The Dental A Team (07:50) Mm-hmm.   The Dental A Team (07:54) lead to micromanagement and a lot of stress around your people management.   The Dental A Team (07:59) I agree 100 % Tiffanie, you said that like so spot on. And accountability is one of those things that everybody wants and everybody's gonna also gripe about. But I will also say, I was privileged to go, I think it was one of the HR companies like Cedar, Ben Erickson or one of them had talked about. ⁓   You know, they do this stuff day in and day out. And they said the number one reason somebody will leave you is because you don't have accountability. And the number one thing they'll complain about is accountability. So it really cemented it. I mean, coming from an HR company that deals with people all day, every day, and probably the worst of the people ⁓ saying that really, really taught me that we need that clarity. Every one of us needs that clarity and we all need that accountability.   And so you're spot on. And when we can make it about that clarity, what we're looking for and not so much about the person, it makes the leadership a lot easier. You're like, uh-huh.   The Dental A Team (09:09) Absolutely.   Yes. Yes. And that's, think, what I mean by managing the results. Right? And I even that what you just said right there is like not making it about the person. I just had a call right before we started podcasting. And he was like, gosh, I have, you know, and we've had this. had I had a team member that I was like, my gosh, I think her dryer is broken. Like, she smells like mold. Right. Or we're wearing way too much perfume. that shirt is way too low cut. that's not really appropriate.   The Dental A Team (09:16) Yeah.   The Dental A Team (09:39) Gosh, I had a girl that would wear the wrong color sweater and I'm like, it's black. Like we just, it's black. That's all we got, black and white. That's all you got, right? And this blue, like I know this Navy is really close to black, but it's not black. Those conversations, those are the stressors, right? It's hard. It's like, come on. And my doctors are like, we're all adults. I agree with you, but we're all gonna do whatever we can to get away with whatever we can. And if we're gonna slide in a Navy blue sweater, because it almost looks black.   The Dental A Team (09:45) Hahaha!   Yeah.   The Dental A Team (10:08) except for next to my black shirt, right? And if I don't say anything, I don't hold the person accountable to our dress code, the next thing I know, she's wearing a light blue sweater. And Marjorie in the back, she decided hot pink was cool today. And I'm like, what is happening you guys? Well, guess what? I didn't hold accountability to the lines. We had a boundary and the boundary was crossed and I didn't use clear as kind and hold the boundary. And it is clear as kind.   It's like, hey, love the sweater. Just keep in mind, remember, it's gotta be black or white. I do love it though, it just doesn't fit within our guidelines. Period. There's no questions. And it's kind. I don't dislike the sweater. It's just not appropriate for the office, right? Love the enthusiasm. Let's use this verbiage with that enthusiastic flair. Let's see if we get a different result.   The Dental A Team (11:07) Yeah.   The Dental A Team (11:07) It's less about, because it's not the person. She's not a bad person for trying to wear a blue sweater. She was in a hurry. She was in a hurry that morning and she grabbed what she could and she thought it would be fine. I remember the day like it was yesterday because she was like, what? It's fine. And I was like, it's not. I get it and I understand. But if I don't say anything, like if I'm going to say something to someone else, I have to say it to you too. And it's my job and I'm just.   I'm upholding the standards. So it's not a big deal. I don't want you to feel attacked like you're fine, we're fine. We're black tomorrow. And if I need to get you a black sweater, tell me, I'll order you a black sweater. Right? It doesn't have, it doesn't, wasn't about her, right? It's not, there's nothing wrong with the person. Right now it's about the result. And when we make it about the person, it is really hard. And when I get doctors that are like, I don't want to hurt her feelings.   The Dental A Team (11:54) Mm-hmm.   The Dental A Team (12:05) Well, you've made it about the person. Now it's about the person. But is there something wrong with her that you have to this conversation? Or is this conversation about something that's completely outside of her? They're like, well, no, right? She's wearing too much perfume. Cool. Love your perfume. Could be an issue for our patients. Please dial it back. It's not about her, right?   The Dental A Team (12:30) Yeah.   The Dental A Team (12:33) And I told my doctor recently, one of my doctors that I had a similar conversation with, I said, I have to take a step back. That same thought process goes through my mind too. It happens to all of us because we're like, I don't want to turn people away. I don't wanna push anybody away. I don't wanna lose anyone. It's our survival mechanisms are in tune with saying, don't push people away. Pad the situation and be nice so that people don't run away. But nice.   I think of it this way, whenever I feel it, I'm like, nope, take a step back, because I have to think and consider if I feel that I have to be nice and not be clear and kind, if I feel that I have to be nice, I am also then saying that this person across from me is not strong enough to take a clear and kind conversation, and I'm.   Like, what's the word I want? Making them smaller by being nice to protect them because they can't handle it and protect themselves. So to me, I have to tell myself that story often because it feels way worse to say the person on the other side of this conversation can't handle this conversation than to say I might hurt her feelings for a moment by telling her that her perfume is too strong. at the end of the day, she's gonna be like, cool, I'm gonna say perfume.   The Dental A Team (13:58) Mm-hmm.   The Dental A Team (14:02) she's gonna be fine, right? Like we make these situations so much bigger than they need to be and we stress on the potential outcomes because the people management is hard. But the lines are there, the boundaries are there, the accountability is there. And when we hire capable, strong people and we believe in the human, the conversation's gonna go fine.   The Dental A Team (14:23) Yeah, Tiff, I love that you said that. it's kind of funny because it's taking me back to even in office and training things. I'm like, guys, almost all of the situations that we don't like, we've created. And I can almost always prove it. And even in this situation, we create bad employees or people not following the rules because we've created that situation, truly.   The Dental A Team (14:47) Yeah.   The Dental A Team (14:48) be whether it's   The Dental A Team (14:49) Yeah.   The Dental A Team (14:49) not having a caring conversation or whatever it is. I always, to your point, whenever I have to have these type of conversations, I like to follow the rule of state the behavior, what it's causing, and then state the behavior you wish to see. Because again, then you're not putting the person on the spot and you're talking about...   the subject. So even or item like you were saying instead you'd state the blue shirt as you came in. Do you remember this was our guidelines for what we wear? And so moving forward, can you please wear the black or the white? You know, because then it's easy if they don't follow the rules next time to say, hey, we talked about this. You agreed. What's getting in the way of it? It's not it's not attacking that person, but truly   And in leadership, our team is looking to us for holding people accountable in that way, truly. Yeah.   The Dental A Team (15:50) I agree.   I agree. Go ahead.   The Dental A Team (15:54) I was going to say also, I just said the team's looking for us as leadership to hold people accountable, but I also just had this conversation in office too. It isn't just leadership to hold people accountable. We hold ourselves accountable first and foremost, and then peer to peer, it's our job to hold each other accountable too, not just the leadership team, guys. Yeah.   The Dental A Team (16:18) Yeah,   I love that so much and I don't know how many times I've preached that and witnessed it and done it. Because I'm like, gosh, if I put myself in leadership shoes, I'm not going to be like, there goes Candace again with the wrong color shirt. I'll be like, Candace, girl, if I have to wear this shirt and I can't be colorful, you better get in line too because you're making me mad. I remember. And I will tell this story till the day I die. And when she listens to this, she's to know exactly what I'm talking about. She's one of my best friends.   The Dental A Team (16:46) I don't know.   The Dental A Team (16:48) I love her dearly, and there was a moment in time we did not love each other so much. And this girl, every time I walked by her TC office, I was like, listen, you're on Facebook again. We got internet taken away from us because of you, and I remember the day I walked by and I like, I swear, if I get something else taken away from because you're doing this, I'm gonna freak out.   The Dental A Team (17:05) you   The Dental A Team (17:13) And she was not happy, but I was just like, girl, how many times do we have, like we're all getting talked to, we're all getting things removed, we're getting new rules implemented, and you're blatantly not doing them. I'm not okay with that, and I'm not okay with the disrespect that you're showing to the rest of the team, including leadership and doctor, because that's disrespectful to me. You're not caring that your actions are having a consequence on me. No, no, I'm not gonna stand for that because I have   higher respect for myself and boundaries for myself than to allow something like that to continue. So I love that you said that and I think there's a when and there's a where and there's a how. And as long as we're coming at it from a space of respect and we're coming at it from a space of results, not attacking the person, that's the difference maker. And your stress will exponentially decrease when you stop micromanaging systems.   The Dental A Team (17:55) Yes.   The Dental A Team (18:12) You manage results and you lead people by accountability. And when there's confusion within the accountability, then go back to the system and make sure that the accountability is clear. Like what is the system supposed to be doing? What does the accountability look like? And stop saying accountability is hard. Accountability is not hard. Backtracking because you never held somebody accountable, that's hard. But the accountability of like, hang on, tell me more about this. How come we didn't get there?   The Dental A Team (18:17) Yeah.   Yeah.   The Dental A Team (18:43) Not, hey, why didn't you make 10 calls yesterday? You were supposed to make 10 calls. That's micromanaging a person. But saying, hey, I see that you weren't able to get to your 10 calls yesterday. Tell me more about that. What was your day like yesterday? Where could we have made sure that you had time? What got in the way of that? Now the person is like, yeah, you're right. I was swamped with X, Y, and Z. And we can diagnose, is that a one-off? Like, okay, that was a really busy day.   Or is that a space of you're carrying too much and some of that needed to be delegated? So Kristy, I think that's a massive difference in accountability of the like, hey, you didn't do, that's managing. Or, hey, I see that you didn't get to, tell me more about that. You know?   The Dental A Team (19:16) Mm-hmm.   Yep. It's   coming from that curiosity and concern, and it already lowers the feelings, I guess, you know what I mean? Yeah. And again, as a leader, using the call scenario, that also gives you the chance to re-cement that, making these calls is really, really important. And so maybe we can carve out extra time to get to those today, you know, and coming up with a solution together. So 100 % Tiff.   The Dental A Team (19:36) Yeah, the reaction. Yeah.   Yes.   The Dental A Team (19:56) on board with you there. think it goes back to creating our heart, right? And having those conversations, which also made me think of, guys, and we see this every day all day when we go on practices too, Tiff, or even on calls. Please, please, when you have to have a one-off conversation, don't address the whole room. Your face.   The Dental A Team (20:02) Mm-hmm.   Please, for   the love of all things, please, please listen to Kristy.   The Dental A Team (20:24) Yeah, right. Because truly the person that needs to hear it, they don't know it's them. I promise you, they don't know it's them. Go have the one-on-one caring conversation, and that's how you can get the buy-in from them and be able to circle back for future conversations.   The Dental A Team (20:41) Yes,   yes, my gosh, I love that you said that. It's one of my biggest pet peeves. If someone is doing something, don't make everyone suffer through the conversation, because 90 % of the people are like, what are we talking about? And then one person's like, my gosh, it's me, I'm so stressed. And you're like, and then they come to you, how can I do better? And you're like, it wasn't you. ⁓ so now I'm stressed for no reason, but I'm also not believing you, because I'm positive that it was me, and now we've ruined someone.   The Dental A Team (21:07) We were winded.   The Dental A Team (21:08) ⁓ And the   person that it was is like, you guys suck. You guys should really stop doing that. I can't believe someone here did that. You're like, my golly. Yeah, that was part of my conversation today. Yes, I love that with my practice. So every day all day I see that generalizations kill a team. If there are multiple people doing it, fine. Reestablish your baselines. Reestablish your boundaries and your handbooks. Sure.   The Dental A Team (21:14) Yeah.   Yeah.   The Dental A Team (21:36) But if someone is causing a scuffle, someone is causing a stress, talk to that person. Just nip it in the bud. Because I guarantee you, blue sweater would not have known I was talking to her. And she's gonna wear that sweater again and I'll be like, bro, we talked about this. She's like, no, we didn't. We did not, because we didn't. But I did, and it never happened again. She didn't love me for it. She had some choice words to some people, but it was fine. And we were fine at the end of the day. We get a little ⁓ upheaved sometimes.   The Dental A Team (21:42) Yeah.   Yeah.   The Dental A Team (22:06) because as much as we want to be seen, it's also really scary to be seen. And so we'll be like, I know I'm in the wrong. Like you get defensive because you already knew you shouldn't have worn the sweater. You already knew it was out of dress code. So when I talk to you about it, you were already prepared to be defensive and defend why it was fine because you knew it was coming. That's okay. I'm okay with that. Cause tomorrow we're both better for it.   The Dental A Team (22:28) Yeah.   I love it, Tiff. I think truly, and again, guys, when you make the conversation around your culture and the easiest way to do it truly is on your mission and core values, tying probably that blue sweater back to your core values would have been a huge way to, again, approach the conversation and let that person know they're not living in community. ⁓ To that being said,   There's many times when we go in practices and I'm asking, I need you to have it truly. So you guys, you're on, if you're a client of mine, you probably know it's coming. You better be prepared. I'm going to ask you what your mission and your core values are because truly I like to say the mission is our boss. That's who we're serving, not our leadership team. That is our boss. And the core values demonstrate how we behave.   So in any of these situations when you're having to have a caring conversation, I'm not gonna say it's a hard, it's a caring conversation, we choose to make it hard. ⁓ Tie it back to your core values, because that's how we behave, and it's gonna make it easier for you to tackle those conversations.   The Dental A Team (23:46) I love that so much and I think that is the perfect spot to wrap because tying back to your mission vision core values is key to business success. So I love that Kristy. Thank you. I would say action items, are those done? Do you have job descriptions done? Do you know what the responsibilities of each individual are? Do they know? And what is the accountability follow up there within it? So if you're stressed out, yeah.   The Dental A Team (23:59) Thank   to one more action. Leadership, is there anybody you need to put on your list to have a conversation with?   The Dental A Team (24:18) Do it.   Ooh, I like that. Good job.   Make them think. I love that. Okay, you heard it right here. You heard it from Kristy. Go do the things. remember, stress is a symptom of something. We're not just stressed. Okay, I just, I just had a stressful day. No, it's a symptom of something. And typically, I've found in my personal experience, at least, that if I'm stressed, it's usually because I've let a boundary slip.   and somebody's crossing over that boundary, and I'm actually kind of upset, hurt with myself. I'm mad at myself for allowing it to happen. So, do a gut check if you're stressed. Why are you stressed? It's just a symptom. It's not a forever and it's not a lifestyle. So, go figure it out. Go figure out your accountabilities. If you need help with it, you guys were here for it. Hello@TheDentalATeam.com, reach out. TheDentalATeam.com, you can sign up for a free assessment with our team. We will help you see those gaps. We will help you see where you can   thrive and not just survive and not die. We will help you with all of those. So drop us a five star review below. We'd love to hear what you thought. Kristy, this was so much fun. Thank you for busting so many out with me today and thank you for this specific podcast. I had a ton of fun with you.   The Dental A Team (25:37) Yeah, back at you. was fun having a little conversation and hopefully they see it as a challenge.   The Dental A Team (25:41) I love it.   I know, I think they will. You guys got a lot here. Awesome, thank you all and we will catch you next time. Bye bye.

Lizzy Skrzypiec, Sophie Ward and Katie Steckles face questions about work watches, record-breaking runs and alarming altitudes. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Michael March, Isabel McCracken, Alex Bayley, Gavin Chan, Daniel D., Ólafur Waage, Ben Wiles. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this edition of the ODPH, the panel sits down to discuss: - What we thought of the last THREE episodes for season 2 of Daredevil: Born Again! Spoilers start at: 7:41 & end at: 53:56 - Pad gives his SPOILER FREE thoughts on the first TWO episodes of the new Star Wars series on Disney+, Maul - Shadow Lord! - Plus we give you some recommendations for what you should be picking up at the comic shop this week! All that and much more! Be sure to check out Fanlight Zone! For more #ODPH Content, check out our website! For #ODPH Social Media, here's our directory! ODPH Sports Edition Intro Music provided by Brian Wolff Find Your Comic Store: https://findyourcomic.store/

For many, amputation is seen as the final step to end the agony of PAD and CLTI. But what happens when you make that heartbreaking choice, and the pain stays behind? It's Limb Loss Awareness Month—a time for honoring those who have faced limb loss, but also for addressing the hard, silent realities of life after amputation. In this special episode of The Heart of Innovation, hosts Kym McNicholas and Dr. John Phillips tackle Phantom Limb Pain, the "ghost signal" that tortures millions. We are joined by Dr. John Eidt, Chief of Vascular Surgery at Baylor Heart & Vascular, and David Veino, CEO of Neuros Medical, to reveal a medical breakthrough—a tiny implantable device specifically designed to "turn off" that phantom pain for good. In this episode, we unpack: ✔️Why amputation isn't always the end of the pain journey. ✔️The science of damaged nerves and phantom sensations. ✔️A new hope: How Neuros Medical's bioelectronic medicine is changing lives. ✔️Essential questions to ask your surgeon before a limb is lost. RESOURCES & SUPPORT:

James Smales, Jonny Robins and John Cantrell from 'Here's What You Do' face questions about forgotten figures, speedy systems and peculiar parliaments. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: James Smales, Jonny Robins, John Cantrell, Zilland, Jade Varley, Wouter Demyttenaere. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ella Hubber, Caroline Roper and Tom Lum from 'Let's Learn Everything!' face questions about French phrases, rugged roads and profitable practices. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Katie Waning, Kagan Yildiz, Joseph Stamps, Crashington, Meredith Lowmaster, Rob, Paul Andrews. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this edition of the ODPH, the panel sits down to discuss: - The SEASON PREMIERE of Daredevil: Born Again Season 2! Spoilers start at: 7:00 & end at: 33:38 - Pad gives his SPOILER FREE review for Project Hail Mary! - Plus we break down the news surrounding Punisher: One Last Kill & Season 2 of Wonder Man! All that and much more! Be sure to check out Fanlight Zone! For more #ODPH Content, check out our website! For #ODPH Social Media, here's our directory! ODPH Sports Edition Intro Music provided by Brian Wolff Find Your Comic Store: https://findyourcomic.store/

Join us for a powerful PAD Awareness Day conversation with Michael Lepp, a globally respected human performance and cardiovascular physiology expert whose work spans elite athletics, endurance cycling, and high-pressure team dynamics. Michael has spent over 40 years coaching, consulting, and advising athletes and teams — from world-class endurance cyclists and cycling culture discussions to training pit crews for NASCAR Cup winners and serving as senior athletic advisor to Joe Gibbs Racing. His perspective blends physiology, performance science, and real-world human resilience. In this discussion, we explore: How elite performance principles from cycling and high-stress teams can inform PAD recovery and mobility Lessons from cardiovascular training and heart health in endurance athletes Practical movement, rehabilitation, and resilience strategies for people living with PAD Michael's experience shaping early PAD and cardiac rehab approaches in Charlotte, NC Whether you're living with PAD, caring for someone who is, or interested in human performance across sport and health, this interview delivers evidence-based insight rooted in decades of experience.

Rowan Ellis, Jarvis Johnson and Jordan Adika face questions about Disney decorations, cartoon casts and birthday backs. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Rex S., Jacob Star, Bryan, Ayasa, Alex, Hugh. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Iszi Lawrence, Abby Cox and Matt Gray face questions about eliminated equines, dangerous doors and porridge pools. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: RedCree, B.A. Wake, Manuel, Griffin Michel, short_c1rcuit, Julian, Chris Wiggins, Matt Howes. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Below-the-knee (BTK) arterial disease remains one of the more challenging areas in vascular care, particularly in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), where heavy calcification complicates endovascular treatment. As new calcium-modifying technologies emerge, an important question remains: what evidence supports their use in BTK interventions? In this episode of BackTable Vascular & Interventional, host Dr. Sabeen Dhand speaks with vascular surgeon Dr. Paul Foley of Doylestown Health about the Disrupt BTK II clinical trial from Shockwave Medical, which evaluates the performance of peripheral intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in heavily calcified BTK disease. --- This podcast is supported by: Shockwave Medicalhttps://shockwavemedical.com/ --- SYNPOSIS Dr. Foley begins by outlining his training and the evolution of his vascular surgery practice, setting the stage for a broader discussion on how BTK interventions have changed over the past decade. The conversation explores shifts in access strategies, procedural approaches, and the unique characteristics of calcification encountered in CLTI. Because BTK calcium differs from calcification seen elsewhere in the peripheral vasculature, imaging and device selection play a particularly important role when planning IVL-based therapies. Dr. Foley reviews the design and outcomes of the Disrupt BTK II trial, where devices such as the Shockwave M5+ and S4 catheters were used to modify calcified plaque, demonstrating encouraging safety and performance signals. The discussion then turns to emerging technologies, including Shockwave's Javelin catheter, designed to deliver focused pressure waves to fracture dense calcium within peripheral arteries. Dr. Foley describes how the device fits into BTK workflows, including technique considerations and its use alongside adjunctive therapies such as balloon angioplasty. The episode also addresses the ongoing skepticism surrounding IVL in BTK disease, emphasizing the need for careful patient selection, procedural precision, and continued multidisciplinary collaboration as the field works to refine treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction08:20 - Evolution of Below-the-Knee Treatments11:10 - Differences in BTK Calcification13:13 - Imaging and Technology in BTK Interventions15:18 - Disrupt BTK II Trial Data and Results23:17 - Introduction to the Javelin Device26:39 - Technique Considerations with Javelin28:36 - Comparing Javelin and E831:17 - Future Directions for Lithotripsy Technology35:30 - Skepticism Around IVL in BTK Disease38:47 - Final Thoughts --- RESOURCES Disrupt BTK II Trialhttps://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(24)02063-9/fulltext

Are leg arteries ever "too small to treat"?   Around the world, many patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), especially those with below-the-knee and small vessel disease, are told their arteries are "too small" or "too distal" for intervention.   In this episode of The Heart of Innovation, hosts Kym McNicholas and Dr. John Phillips interview Dr. Naoki Hayakawa, Chief and Director of Endovascular Therapy at Asahi General Hospital in Japan.Dr. Hayakawa is internationally recognized for tackling the most complex chronic total occlusions (CTOs), including small-caliber below-the-knee vessels that others may consider untreatable.  He has served as a live demonstration operator at major international meetings including JET, CCT Peripheral, Kokura Live, and Peripheral CTO Seminars, and has published extensively on:  • IVUS-guided wiring techniques  • Below-the-knee chronic total occlusions  • Drug-coated balloon therapy  • Transradial approaches for complex PAD  • Advanced re-entry and retrograde access techniques   His work challenges outdated assumptions about what is and isn't possible in limb salvage.In this conversation, Dr. Hayakawa sets the record straight on:  • What can truly be treated in small vessel PAD  • When vessels are actually too small  • The importance of imaging and IVUS guidance  • Why patients must seek experienced operators for complex disease  • What global standards of care should look like  If you or someone you love has been told "nothing more can be done," this episode is essential viewing.   - Concerned about leg circulation or told your vessels are too small?Call the Leg Saver Hotline: 1-833-PAD-LEGSBecause "too small to treat" should never be the final answer without expert evaluation.   Subscribe to The Heart of Innovation for global leaders in vascular innovation, limb salvage, and PAD care.  #PeripheralArteryDisease#PAD#LimbSalvage#BelowTheKnee#ChronicTotalOcclusion#EndovascularTherapy#IVUS#CriticalLimbIschemia

Charlotte Yeung, Annie Rauwerda and Alexis Dahl face questions about serial sequences, picture purchases and washed-out words. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of epidemicsound.com). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Kristen Asplin, Tim Kelby, Emily, Sammy, Nick Tozer, William Jefferies, Bob Weisz. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Helena Kirk, Dan Faulkner and Michael Dearsley from 'Hey, I Loved that Movie!' face questions about movie materials, bumper balloons and lacklustre locations. LATERAL is a comedy panel game podcast about weird questions with wonderful answers, hosted by Tom Scott. For business enquiries, contestant appearances or question submissions, visit https://lateralcast.com. HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes', courtesy of Epidemic Sound). ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Emily Hiatt, trizgo, Bee, Trevor Cashmore, Brett Curtis, Paulo Mateus. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott. © Pad 26 Limited (https://www.pad26.com) / Labyrinth Games Ltd. 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices