Podcasts about philippe p

Des Allemands qui défilent et arpentent en uniforme les rues parisiennes, parfois au bras de Françaises… Ces photographies inédites du Paris de l'Occupation sont rassemblées dans un album à la présentation intrigante, qui invite à avoir le « courage de les examiner ». D'emblée, elles fascinent Philippe Broussard, directeur adjoint de la rédaction du Monde, qui en perçoit la portée historique. Il se lance alors dans une quête pour en retrouver l'auteur. Celle-ci va s'étirer sur plus de quatre ans.Dans ce cinquième et ultime épisode de la série documentaire du podcast « L'Heure du Monde », Philippe Broussard dévoile le nom de son mystérieux promeneur parisien : Raoul Minot. Cette identité enfin révélée, toutes les pièces du puzzle s'assemblent et permettent de reconstituer le destin du courageux photographe. Cet épisode rend hommage aux risques insensés que Raoul Minot a pris et payés de sa vie.Série documentaire écrite par Marion Bothorel et adaptée de l'enquête de Philippe Broussard. Réalisation : Amandine Robillard. Rédaction en chef : Adèle Ponticelli. Dans cet épisode : extraits des discours de Philippe Pétain, prononcé le 30 octobre 1940 sur Radio Vichy, d'Adolf Hitler, en 1940, du général de Gaulle, prononcé le 6 juin 1940 ; d'une allocution de Paul Reynaud, le 10 juin 1940, sur la RTF ; et de l'émission Les Français parlent aux Français, enregistrée le 1er juillet 1944. Photographies issues de la collection personnelle de Stéphane Jaegle et Stéphanie Colaux.Retrouvez l'enquête de Philippe Broussard et sa suite inédite, ainsi qu'une centaine de photos, dans le livre Le Photographe inconnu de l'Occupation, paru aux éditions du Seuil. Cet épisode a été diffusé le 31 octobre 2025. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Des Allemands qui défilent et arpentent en uniforme les rues parisiennes, parfois au bras de Françaises… Ces photographies inédites du Paris de l'Occupation sont rassemblées dans un album à la présentation intrigante, qui invite à avoir le « courage de les examiner ». D'emblée, elles fascinent Philippe Broussard, directeur adjoint de la rédaction du Monde, qui en perçoit la portée historique. Il se lance alors dans une quête pour en retrouver l'auteur. Celle-ci va s'étirer sur plus de quatre ans.Dans ce quatrième épisode de la série documentaire du podcast « L'Heure du Monde », Philippe Broussard se heurte à une impasse : les pistes ouvertes précédemment grâce à d'autres fonds photographiques se sont refermées et l'identité du photographe inconnu semble encore plus hors de portée.Cependant, l'espoir renaît lorsqu'il regarde pour la énième fois ces photos, un détail attirant son attention. Un seul cliché a été pris en intérieur. Cela pourrait-il permettre d'identifier le fief du fameux promeneur parisien ? Cette piste va semer le trouble quant aux motivations du photographe. Et s'il n'était pas un résistant, mais bel et bien un collaborateur ?Série documentaire écrite par Marion Bothorel et adaptée de l'enquête de Philippe Broussard. Réalisation : Amandine Robillard. Rédaction en chef : Adèle Ponticelli. Dans cet épisode : extraits des discours de Philippe Pétain, prononcé le 30 octobre 1940 sur Radio Vichy, d'Adolf Hitler, en 1940, du général de Gaulle, prononcés les 6 juin et 18 juin 1940 ; d'une allocution de Paul Reynaud, le 10 juin 1940, sur la RTF ; d'un reportage diffusé au journal télévisé des Actualités françaises, le 24 septembre 1943 ; de la chanson Et tout ça, ça fait d'excellents Français, de Pierre Dac ; et d'un sujet diffusé au journal télévisé de 20 heures de la RTF, le 24 septembre 1970. Photographies issues de la collection personnelle de Stéphane Jaegle et Stéphanie Colaux.Retrouvez l'enquête de Philippe Broussard et sa suite inédite, ainsi qu'une centaine de photos, dans le livre Le Photographe inconnu de l'Occupation, paru aux éditions du Seuil. Cet épisode a été diffusé le 30 octobre 2025. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Des Allemands qui défilent et arpentent en uniforme les rues parisiennes, parfois aux bras de Françaises… Ces photographies inédites du Paris de l'occupation sont rassemblées dans un album doté d'une présentation intrigante, qui invite à avoir « le courage de les examiner ». D'emblée, elles fascinent Philippe Broussard, directeur adjoint de la rédaction du Monde qui en perçoit la portée historique. Il se lance alors dans une quête qui va durer plus de quatre ans pour en retrouver l'auteur.Dans ce troisième épisode de la série documentaire du podcast « L'Heure du Monde », Philippe Broussard nous raconte comment différents indices l'ont amené à s'intéresser à un grand magasin parisien, le Printemps. Il découvre un nouveau fond photographique et apprend qu'il a appartenu à une ancienne vendeuse du Printemps. Elle s'appelait Renée Damien et son fils en est persuadé : sa mère est l'autrice des légendes des photos. Elle les aurait obtenues d'un ami, avant que ce dernier ne soit déporté. Faut-il croire à cette nouvelle piste ?Série documentaire écrite par Marion Bothorel et adaptée de l'enquête de Philippe Broussard. Réalisation : Amandine Robillard. Rédaction en chef : Adèle Ponticelli. Dans cet épisode : extraits d'une interview de l'historienne Bénédicte Vergez-Chaignon, de discours de Philippe Pétain prononcé le 30 octobre 1940 sur Radio Vichy, d'Adolf Hitler en 1940, du général de Gaulle prononcé le 6 juin 1940, d'une allocution de Paul Reynaud le 10 juin 1940 sur la RTF et d'un reportage de la Radio-Télévision française au Printemps diffusé le 16 décembre 1955. Photographies issues de la collection personnelle de Stéphane Jaegle et Stéphanie Colaux.Retrouvez l'enquête de Philippe Broussard et sa suite inédite, ainsi qu'une centaine de photos, dans le livre « Le Photographe inconnu de l'Occupation » paru aux éditions du Seuil. Cet épisode a été diffusé le 29 octobre 2025. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Des Allemands qui défilent et arpentent en uniforme les rues parisiennes, parfois aux bras de Françaises… Ces photographies inédites du Paris de l'occupation sont rassemblées dans un album doté d'une présentation intrigante, qui invite à avoir « le courage de les examiner ». D'emblée, elles fascinent Philippe Broussard, directeur adjoint de la rédaction du Monde qui en perçoit la portée historique. Il se lance alors dans une quête qui va durer plus de quatre ans pour en retrouver l'auteur.Dans ce deuxième épisode de la série documentaire du podcast « L'Heure du Monde », Philippe Broussard raconte sa découverte au Musée de la Résistance nationale. Là, à Champigny-sur-Marne, se trouve une collection ressemblant étrangement à la sienne. Celle-ci est créditée : il s'agit d'un fond appartenant à un dénommé Daniel Leduc. Serait-ce le photographe inconnu qui aurait légué ses clichés pris pendant l'occupation ?Série documentaire écrite par Marion Bothorel et adaptée de l'enquête de Philippe Broussard. Réalisation : Amandine Robillard. Rédaction en chef : Adèle Ponticelli. Dans cet épisode : extraits de discours de Philippe Pétain prononcé le 30 octobre 1940 sur Radio Vichy, d'Adolf Hitler en 1940, du général de Gaulle prononcé le 6 juin 1940, d'une allocution de Paul Reynaud le 10 juin 1940 sur la RTF. Photographies issues de la collection personnelle de Stéphane Jaegle et Stéphanie Colaux.Retrouvez l'enquête de Philippe Broussard et sa suite inédite, ainsi qu'une centaine de photos, dans le livre « Le Photographe inconnu de l'Occupation » paru aux éditions du Seuil.Cet épisode a été diffusé le 28 octobre 2025. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Des Allemands qui défilent et arpentent en uniforme les rues parisiennes, parfois aux bras de Françaises… Ces photographies, rassemblées dans un album à première vue anodin trouvé sur l'étal d'une brocante gardoise, attirent immédiatement l'attention de Stéphanie Colaux, une productrice de documentaires.D'emblée, elle en perçoit la portée historique. D'autant que l'album est accompagné d'une fiche de présentation intrigante. Une main inconnue a écrit : « En juin 1940, un promeneur parisien s'est armé de son appareil photo pour fixer de nombreuses scènes de l'armée d'occupation. Il a pris de nombreux risques (…). Ce sont des témoignages souvent émouvants. Ayez le courage de les examiner. »Qui a pu prendre de telles photographies et, surtout, de tels risques ? Stéphanie Colaux se tourne alors vers Philippe Broussard, directeur adjoint de la rédaction du Monde, pour mener l'enquête.Dans cette série documentaire du podcast « L'Heure du Monde », Philippe Broussard raconte quatre années d'investigations dans les pas de ce photographe inconnu. Une quête qui, de son propre aveu, a tourné à l'obsession. Dans ce premier épisode, il évoque sa découverte de l'album photo et les premières pistes qu'il a explorées.Une série de Marion Bothorel. Réalisation : Amandine Robillard. Rédaction en chef : Adèle Ponticelli. Dans cet épisode : extraits d'interviews de Stéphanie Colaux et de l'historienne Françoise Denoyelle ; des discours de Philippe Pétain, prononcé le 30 octobre 1940 sur Radio Vichy, d'Adolf Hitler, en 1940, et du général de Gaulle, prononcé le 6 juin 1940 ; d'une allocution de Paul Reynaud, le 10 juin 1940, sur la RTF ; d'un reportage du 1er janvier 1945 et d'un défilé du 14 juillet 1932, diffusés par les Actualités françaises. Photographies issues de la collection personnelle de Stéphane Jaegle et Stéphanie Colaux.Cet épisode a été diffusé le 27 octobre 2025. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Která z hlav francouzského státu se kdy ocitla ve vězení ve Francii? Takových je málo. Za revoluce byl uvězněn král Ludvík XVI., ten byl později odsouzen k smrti, a po druhé světové válce byl za kolaborantství s Němci uvězněn maršál Philippe Pétain, ten ve vězení zemřel. Nyní se do vězení Santé v Paříži dostal pravicový politik advokát Nicolas Sarkozy, který je neoddělitelnou součástí francouzské politické scény konce 20. a začátku 21. století.Všechny díly podcastu Názory a argumenty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Julian Jackson, Emeritus Professor of Modern French History at Queen Mary University of London and author of France on Trial: The Case of Marshal Pétain, joins the show to discuss the rise and fall of “the Lion of Verdun”; Philippe Pétain. ▪️ Times    01:06 Introduction    01:53 How Pétain became the “Hero of France” in WW1    11:32  France sues for peace with Germany in 1940    18:52 The legality of the armistice    27:49 Churchill's take on the armistice             33:48 What Was Vichy France?    41:43 Vichy's treatment of the Jews        53:05 Distancing France from extermination             58:13 Why does Pétain stay a servant to the Nazis    01:07:38 Vichy and Pétain on trial today             Follow along on Instagram, X @schoolofwarpod, and YouTube @SchoolofWarPodcast Find a transcript of today's episode on our School of War Substack

Le rayonnement de la Syrie médiévale - Épisode 1 Conférence publique du 9 octobre 2025 Mathilde Boudier (Université Paris 1 – Panthéon-Sorbonne, Orient & Méditerranée) Gregory Vandamme (FNRS, UCLouvain). Modération : Philippe Pétriat, Directeur de l'IISMM (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) Dans cette conférence, Mathilde Boudier dessine le paysage politique, religieux et culturel de la Syrie depuis la fin de l'époque byzantine et le début de la dynastie omeyyade jusqu'à la fin de l'époque abbasside. Elle explique en particulier l'évolution religieuse (diversité de la présence chrétienne, islamisation très progressive) et linguistique (plurilinguisme et arabisation) de la Syrie. Dans le cadre de ces transformations, Damas devient une métropole renommée qui attire savants et intellectuel aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Grégroy Vandamme nous présente l'un des plus célèbres d'entre eux, Ibn ʿArabī, qui s'installe à Damas en 1223 après une vie de pérégrinations. À travers lui, il explique le rôle intellectuel du soufisme et les débats qu'il suscite parmi les savants damascènes. Programmation : Sophie Bilardello (CNRS, IISMM)

Le 7 octobre 2023 a bouleversé le monde et agi comme un révélateur : celui de traumatismes collectifs que l'on préfère taire, quitte à répéter sans fin les mêmes violences.Cet épisode commence dans une ville que je croyais connaître : libre, vibrante, solidaire. À Berlin, depuis ce jour, tout a changé. Ou était-ce simplement le voile qui pesait sur mon regard qui s'est levé ?En Allemagne, plus qu'ailleurs, exprimer sa solidarité avec le peuple palestinien est un crime. Le 7 octobre 2023, et le génocide que poursuit Israël depuis deux ans, ont mis en lumière les limites du “travail de mémoire” que l'Allemagne prétend avoir accompli depuis la Shoah.Et parce que la vérité est tue, j'ai senti qu'il fallait à tout prix la faire entendre.Omar, Emilia Roig et Lionel ont tous les trois vécu dans leur chair ce moment de bascule, cet instant où, une fois que l'on a vu, il devient impossible de ne plus voir que l'histoire finit toujours par se répéter. C'est ce dévoilement à la fois douloureux et salvateur que je souhaite partager ici.STILL et Fracas pour briser le silence coupable” est un hors-série de Homo Swipiens qui le refuse justement, ce silence banal et complice. Berlin, ville idéalisée, romantisée, “cool” et multikulti, la"pauvre mais sexy” de tant de récits, n'est plus qu'une façade.Aujourd'hui, ce qui s'y passe - politiquement, culturellement, socialement - relève moins d'une régression que d'une continuitée logique d'une société qui a du mal à se regarder en face. Neuf décennies après le nazisme, l'Allemagne n'a jamais eu le temps de se transformer profondément : les vieux démons ressurgissent, plus sournois que jamais.À travers trois épisodes, je souhaite raconter ce qui se vit dans la chair de ceux qui subissent les politiques racistes et l'idéologie fascisante d'un État qui n'a pas totalement assumé sa dénazification. Habillage sonore, musique originale et postproduction : Lionel Gustave (https://soundcloud.com/pianopianosano @_pianopian0)Jacquette : Nicolas Fernandez (https://nicolasfernandez.fr/)Musique : Sommermärchen by Shadore Voix off : Juliette Roussennac (@juliette_deretour)Doublage Omar : Virgile Tissot Et merci à vous tous et toutes, qui avaient permis à ce projet de prendre vie et à ces mots d'être énoncés : Abib, Adrien F., Adriana N., Alexandre D., Aline D., Amelie B., Amn B., Andrea E., Antonin G., Apobel, Arthur P., Ash 13, Audrey L., Axelle M., Balint E., Bapt P., Beatrice T., Benjamin S., Birte R., Benoit R., C. Barriere, C. Guiot, Camille G., Camille H., Carole K., Chacdst, Chantal S., Christiane V., Christophe R. A., Claire B., Cora C., Coline M., Dani C., Danielle I., David G., David P., Denis. A., E. Planchet, Elif G., Elisab D., Elisa L., Emilie G., Emma C., Eglantine R., Ekidjo, Fred M., Galaxypink C., Hafssa J., Helena W., Hugo H., Ipol 92, Iliana T., Jeniffer V., Joe S., Juliette D., Juliette L. G., Juliette P., Julia C., Khaled B., Korentine L., Kevin M. L., Kungl 1, Laetitia R., Laure I., Lea H., Lea J., Leila N., Lina B. C., Loulouty , Louis, Lucas H., Lucie B., Lucie L., Lucie V., Lucile O., Luce D., Lyonnais, Magali R., Magnierfred, Margot J., Margritt 16, Marina C., Marie B., Marie G. D., Marie R., Marion F., Marta S., Max G., Mojay, Morgane B., Miaddax, Mnabba, Myra4am, Nadege C., Nelissanne, Neza H., Noemie P., Noémie G., Noémie R., Nicolas E., Niloufar Y., Oghonima N., Omar M., Orlane P., Paul B., Paul G., Paul J., Polo, Philippe P., Raphael S., Rebecca L., Roseline H., S. Chantepy, Sab A., Sanna T., Sara M., Sarina B., Schollaert-Latifa, Silva Ludivine, Skelomey 1, Sophia B., Stefan H., Suzi 4, Tasnim E., Théo G., Thibaud S., Thibault C., Thiboum, Torpen K., Valentine, Valentine G., Wilfried B. B., Zoefelmy...

Ce mardi 7 octobre, Laurent Gerra a notamment imité Jean-Marie Bigard, Philippe Pétain et Anne Hidalgo. Tous les jours, retrouvez le meilleur de Laurent Gerra en podcast sur RTL.fr, l'application et toutes vos plateformes.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Ce mardi 7 octobre, Laurent Gerra a notamment imité Jean-Marie Bigard, Philippe Pétain et Anne Hidalgo. Tous les jours, retrouvez le meilleur de Laurent Gerra en podcast sur RTL.fr, l'application et toutes vos plateformes.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1916 VERDUN Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1919 LONDON CHURCHILL Z PERSHING Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1918 JOHN MONASH Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1914 ROYAL FLYING CORPS Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1914-1918 US MERCHANT NAVY Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1914 HINDENBERG Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

Nick Lloyd's "The Western Front: The History of the Great War, Volume 1" provides a comprehensive narrative of the Great War in Belgium and France from 1914 to 1918. As the first volume of a planned trilogy, this work aims to offer a nuanced understanding of this pivotal theater, moving beyond common myths and focusing on the operational perspective of senior commanders across all involved powers. 1914 BELGIUM Here's a summary of the key aspects, figures, and events covered: Lloyd's Ambition and Approach Comprehensive Narrative: Lloyd, a reader in military and imperial history at King's College London, undertook this "big project" to create a grand narrative of the entire Western Front, encompassing the French sector, American sector, and the German story, alongside the often-emphasized British perspective. Focus on Senior Commanders: A primary goal was to view the war from the lens of senior commanders, challenging the traditional portrayal of them as "donkeys or butchers and bunglers." Lloyd aims to help readers appreciate the immense pressures and difficulties these individuals faced, offering a "cooler perspective" on their successes and errors. Trilogy: This book is the first of three volumes; future volumes will cover the Eastern Front and global warfare in the Middle East and Africa. Lloyd emphasizes that while other fronts are mentioned, the Western Front remained the decisive theater where Germany, France, Britain, and America determined the war's outcome. British Involvement and Leadership Initial Reluctance: Britain initially entered the conflict with a limited commitment, deploying only four infantry divisions and one cavalry division as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), a "small army" compared to the French (80 divisions) and Germans (over 100 divisions). This reflected a desire for "limited liability" to the Western Front, contrasting sharply with French demands for more manpower. Early Leaders: H.H. Asquith (Prime Minister) was reportedly distracted by personal affairs at the war's outset. Lord Kitchener (Minister of War) was a professional soldier and hero of the empire, wary of deep British involvement but committed to supporting the French. Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF) was a Boer War hero who found himself "out of his depth" by 1914, struggling with the war's scale and intensity. During the August 1914 retreat, French considered pulling the BEF out of the line due to immense losses and pressure, a move Kitchener personally intervened to prevent, ordering French to stay and fight. Frencheventually "breaks down" due to losses and pressure and is sent home at the end of 1915. Later Leadership and Strategy: David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from late 1916) is credited as "the prime minister that wins the war" in Britain. He showed great energy in revitalizing British industry and re-equipping the army, despite having poor relations with his top generals. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig replaced French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig and Lloyd George had fundamentally different strategic outlooks, leading to "constant arguments and backstabbing". At the Battle of the Somme (1916), Haig favored a breakthrough strategy, aiming for maneuver and cavalry deployment to defeat the German army. However, his army commander, Rawlinson, advocated a "bite and hold" strategy, focusing on concentrated artillery to smash enemy lines, take ground, then consolidate before repeating, acknowledging that a grand breakthrough was not yet feasible for the largely "green" British army. German Strategy and Commanders Initial Invasion: The German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914 was based on the ambitious Schlieffen Plan, which aimed for a massive attack through Belgium to outflank French defenses and destroy their army in a grand battle of envelopment. Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Chief of the General Staff) was under immense pressure and altered the Schlieffen Plan, weakening its critical right wing, and ultimately suffered a nervous breakdown by mid-September 1914. Moltke's controversial decision to order General Kluck's First Army to turn southeast instead of enveloping Paris contributed to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, despite Kluck initially ignoring the order. Kaiser Wilhelm: His character was inconsistent, often described as a "weather vane," and he gradually became a less central figure as Hindenburg and Ludendorff gained influence from 1916. Erich von Falkenhayn (replaces Moltke in 1914) was the architect of the Verdun Offensive (1916). His vision was unique, aiming not for territorial gains but for attrition: to "kill Frenchmen" and exhaust them. Political Interference: Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg often opposed Falkenhayn's desire for unrestricted submarine warfare due to diplomatic concerns (e.g., fear of American entry), illustrating the German military's tendency to prioritize tactical effectiveness over political and strategic issues, which was ultimately "fatal". French Efforts and Leadership Joseph Joffre (Commander of French Forces): Described as a "great hero" of the French army, Joffrepossessed remarkable calmness and an ability to absorb punishment and react quickly. His leadership was crucial in defeating the Schlieffen Plan and counterattacking at the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, preventing a German victory. Raymond Poincaré (President of the French Republic): A nationalist deeply involved in military analysis, Poincaré was central to the political efforts to reassert civilian primacy over the army and secure British manpower commitments. General Castelnau (Joffre's chief of staff): A deeply religious man who personally lost three sons in the war, Castelnau exemplifies the human cost and personal horror experienced by some senior commanders, helping to humanize these figures in Lloyd's narrative. Robert Nivelle: An artillery officer who rose rapidly due to his successes at Verdun, Nivelle replaced Joffrein December 1916. He attempted a decisive breakthrough in his Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 with a "formula" for success, but it failed catastrophically due to his being "out of his depth" at the command-in-chief level, leading to French army issues including mutiny. Philippe Pétain: Replaced Nivelle, Pétain became a "savior of France." He was renowned for his deep understanding of battlefield realities and a strong connection with his troops. At Verdun, he innovated by rotating divisions out of the line for rest and recuperation, contrasting with the German practice of fighting units "until basically there's not a lot left". Ferdinand Foch (Supreme Allied Commander from April 1918): Foch is widely regarded as one of the most important generals of the war. He was an energetic and charismatic leader who successfully coordinated the American, British, and French forces in 1918, leading them to victory in the multinational war. His reputation continues to strengthen over time. American Involvement Entry into War: The United States declared war on Germany and Austria in April 1917. General John J. Pershing arrived in Paris in June 1917 to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), despite having only 113,000 men in the army at the time. Rejection of Amalgamation: Pershing steadfastly resisted French and British desires to "amalgamate" American manpower into their existing divisions, insisting that American soldiers fight as an independent army. He argued that the Allies had a poor record of "not killing your own troops". German Miscalculation: Germany severely underestimated how quickly the United States could build and deploy an army, believing it would take years. This misjudgment ultimately contributed to their defeat once the Americans demonstrated their seriousness in 1918. American involvement became "crucial" by 1917, changing the atmosphere. Evolution of Warfare on the Western Front From Movement to Stalemate: The initial German invasion failed to achieve a decisive victory, leading to the establishment of trench warfare after the Battle of the Marne. Realization of No Breakthrough: After the Second Battle of Champagne (1915), Allied and Germancommanders like Joffre and Falkenhayn began to recognize that a "grand shattering breakthrough" was not achievable in the foreseeable future. Constant Adaptation: This realization led to a continuous arms race. As Allied artillery and tactics improved, German defenses evolved from single lines to complex "zones of pill boxes," making progress difficult and bloody. The war became an intense exercise in violence where commanders constantly adapted to a "cauldron of war". Key Battles and Their Significance Battle of the Marne (September 1914): Joffre's successful counterattack forced the Germans to retreat, effectively ending the Schlieffen Plan and leading to the beginning of trench warfare. Second Battle of Champagne (September-October 1915): A major French offensive that, despite immense effort and casualties, failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, solidifying the understanding that trench deadlock could not be easily broken. Verdun (1916): Falkenhayn's attrition battle, designed to "kill Frenchmen," concentrated immense firepower in a small area, creating a "moonscape effect." While not decisive in destroying the French, it was a moment where "things start to go wrong for Germany," from which she never truly recovers. Somme (1916): A British and French offensive intended to relieve pressure on Verdun, but also driven by Haig's ambition for a breakthrough. The debate between breakthrough and Rawlinson's "bite and hold" strategy highlighted the dilemmas of Western Front warfare. Nivelle Offensive (April 1917): A disastrous French attempt at a breakthrough, which highlighted Nivelle'soverreach and led to significant disillusionment and mutiny within the French army. End of the War and its Legacy German Defeat: Lloyd's book argues that the German army was "falling apart" and "defeated rapidly in 1918" despite the persistent "stab in the back" myth that claimed they were betrayed at home. Armistice Decision: The decision by the Allies not to invade Germany was primarily political, as the British and French were "totally exhausted," while the Americans were "much fresher" and more keen to continue. Lloyd considers the armistice "fair on all sides". Lloyd's work underscores that the Western Front was a complex, multinational struggle marked by evolving strategies, immense pressures on commanders, and profound human costs, which ultimately determined the course of the Great War and cast a long shadow over the 20th century.

This is Summer of Trinity - a daily description of events in the summer of 1945, touching points around the world but centered (as that summer was) on the Trinity nuclear test.  This episode has daily events for the week ending Saturday July 28th, 1945. Sunday, July 22,1945 - 6 Days After Trinity From Stimson's diary, excerpts on http://www.doug-long.com/stimson8.htm   Monday, July 23,1945 - 7 Days After Trinity Marshall Philipe Petain is put on trial for treason. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Pétain https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034583/goofs?item=gf6476041 https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVAAZ495DZU8UIV501CI3L12J1LY-THE-1945-TRIAL-OF-PHILIPPE-PETAIN/query/wildcard   Tuesday, July 24,1945 - 8 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_on_Kure_and_the_Inland_Sea_(July_1945) http://www.ussunderhill.org/html/kaiten_information.html http://www.ussunderhill.org/html/sorryno.htm Nathan G. Benchley, in an article written for the New Yorker in 1953, mentions a conversation about current attitudes towards the war.  "Who's winning the war?" Roth asked me as I came in. "Search me," I said, and sat down. "I heard that in Guam the birdmen have a pool on it," Tampke said. "They got a million-dollar pool that says the war will be over by October. You can dip into it for any money you want." "Did they say October what year?" I asked. "I don't know," Tampke replied. "I just heard October."   Wednesday, July 25,1945 - 9 Days After Trinity An official bombing order is made for the first atomic weapon:  From http://www.dannen.com/decision/handy.html Thursday, July 26,1945 - 10 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokusatsu  Friday, July 27,1945 - 11 Days After Trinity https://ancientwarhistory.com/the-final-days-of-imperial-japan-the-potsdam-declaration-soviet-intervention-and-japans-surrender/ https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/truman-papers/correspondence-harry-s-truman-bess-wallace-truman-1921-1959/july-27-1945 Saturday, July 28,1945 - 12 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_Empire_State_Building_B-25_crash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aioi_Bridge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial Note: Dobashi is near to Koamicho https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Callaghan_(DD-792)    

In February 1973, French right wingers broke into the grave of of fascist dictator Philippe Pétain and made off with his mortal remains. This is the tragicomic story of what led them to that moment... and what happened afterwards.  https://order-of-the-jackalope.com/the-marshal-is-missing/ Key sources for this episode include Jean-Yves La Naour's On a volé le Maréchal; Michel Dumas' La permission du Maréchal; Hugo Coniez's La mort de la IIIe Republique; and Julian Jackson's France on Trial: The Case of Marshal Petain. Presented by #42 (Alex Baumans). Alex is pathologically interested in anything unusual and obscure. He's a closet goth, armchair general and amateur theologian. His favorite animals are ducks, octopodes and pigs. You will also find him surprisingly knowledgable about K-Pop girl groups. The Ancient and Esoteric Order of the Jackalope is a secret society devoted to the idea that that which is least known is best to know. Each episode we share a strange story or amazing fact, and no topic is off limits -- if it's interesting or entertaining, we'll cover about it! Email: jackalope@order-of-the-jackalope.com Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/order-of-the-jackalope.com Discord: https://discord.gg/Mbap3UQyCB TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@orderjackalope Tumblr: https://www.tumblr.com/orderjackalope YouTube: https://youtube.com/@orderjackalope

Dans l'actu des nouvelles technologies et de l'accessibilité cette semaine : Du côté des applications et du web NVDA 2025.1 est disponible. Copilot Vision débarque sur Windows : l'IA de Microsoft peut voir votre écran. iOS 26 simplifie (un peu) les sonneries personnalisées sur l'iPhone. Braille Access sera également disponible sur macOS 26. Crashs en série sur YouTube : comment réparer l'app iOS et Android ? STEAM REND SON CATALOGUE DE JEUX PLUS ACCESSIBLE. La messagerie chiffrée Signal pour iOS rendrait le statut des messages accessible avec VoiceOver. Le reste de l'actu Montres connectées Synapptic, montres intelligentes spécialement conçues pour les DV.. Les lunettes intelligentes de Meta et Oakley pourraient être lancées vendredi.. La vision de Qualcomm pour l'avenir des lunettes intelligentes. Accessibilité web : Un nouveau cap pour l'e-commerce en juin 2025. Piratage des MDPH, retards et méfiance. Remerciements Cette semaine, nous remercions Francklin, Murielle et Philippe P. pour leurs infos ou leur dons. Si vous souhaitez vous aussi nous envoyer de l'info ou nous soutenir : Pour nous contactez ou nous envoyez des infos, passez par le formulaire de contact sur la page oxytude.org/contact. Pour nous soutenir (dons, liens affiliés ou liste de produits) rendez-vous sur la page oxytude.org/soutenir. Pour vos achats sur Amazon, passez par notre lien affilié : oxytude.org/amazon. Pour animer cet épisode Fabrice, Pascale et Philippe.

Conférence publique de l'IISMM en partenariat avec la BULAC Cycle "Écologie en Islam, traditions séculaires et défis contemporains" Mardi 3 juin 2025 HABITER LE DÉSERT, DE L'OUEST SAHARIEN AU HEDJAZ Ismail Warscheid, historien, chargé de recherche (CNRS, IRHT) et Léo Marty, ethnologue, docteur (MNHN), Visiting Fellow (EUI) Modération : Philippe Pétriat (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, IISMM) Captation : Maxime Ruscio (BULAC) Programmation : Sophie Bilardello (CNRS, IISMM)

Stéphane raconte le destin de Philippe Pétain, le maréchal de France d'une Première Guerre mondiale dont il est sorti auréolé, devenu, le 16 juin 1940, il y a 85 ans jour pour jour, le chef de « l'État français » qui, en s'octroyant les pleins pouvoirs et en collaborant avec l'ennemi, a déployé, durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le « régime de Vichy », une politique nationaliste, autoritaire, rétrograde, xénophobe et antisémite qui a terni à jamais l'histoire de notre pays… Comment le mythe du vainqueur de Verdun s'est-il construit ? Pourquoi les pleins pouvoirs ont-ils été confiés à Pétain en 1940 ? Le pétainisme est-il mort ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Jean-Yves Le Naour, historien, spécialiste de la Première Guerre mondiale et du XXe siècle, et auteur de « Pétain » (Ed.PUF) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Guillaume Vasseau. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Jean-Christophe Piot. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Stéphane raconte le destin de Philippe Pétain, le maréchal de France d'une Première Guerre mondiale dont il est sorti auréolé, devenu, le 16 juin 1940, il y a 85 ans jour pour jour, le chef de « l'État français » qui, en s'octroyant les pleins pouvoirs et en collaborant avec l'ennemi, a déployé, durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le « régime de Vichy », une politique nationaliste, autoritaire, rétrograde, xénophobe et antisémite qui a terni à jamais l'histoire de notre pays… Comment le mythe du vainqueur de Verdun s'est-il construit ? Pourquoi les pleins pouvoirs ont-ils été confiés à Pétain en 1940 ? Le pétainisme est-il mort ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Jean-Yves Le Naour, historien, spécialiste de la Première Guerre mondiale et du XXe siècle, et auteur de « Pétain » (Ed.PUF) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Guillaume Vasseau. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Jean-Christophe Piot. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 01:03:23 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Albane Penaranda, Mathias Le Gargasson, Antoine Dhulster - "J'entre aujourd'hui dans la voie de la collaboration" annonçait Philippe Pétain en octobre 1940. En 1983, ce 21e épisode d'une série sur la Deuxième Guerre mondiale évoque les différents aspects que la Collaboration avec l'Allemagne nazie prend en France durant les quatre années d'Occupation. - réalisation : Massimo Bellini, Vincent Abouchar - invités : Pascal Ory Historien, Académicien, spécialiste d'histoire culturelle sous l'Occupation

Den 10 maj 1940 gick Nazityskland till anfall mot Nederländerna och Belgien. Fem veckor senare undertecknade Frankrike ett vapenstillestånd med Tyskland, som då ockuperade två tredjedelar av landet.Adolf Hitler hade spelat högt igen – och vunnit. Den åldrande franska militära ledningen var inte förberedd på ett modernt, rörligt krig. I stället var de fast i ett defensivt tänkande, samtidigt som tyskarna rusade fram i Europa med sina pansarkolonner, radiosamband och anfallsflyg.Detta är det fjärde avsnittet i en serie av sju om andra världskriget från podden Historia Nu. Programledaren Urban Lindstedt samtalar med Martin Hårdstedt, professor i historia, om orsakerna bakom Frankrikes nederlag 1940. Hur kunde en av Europas mäktigaste arméer lamslås på så kort tid? Vilka militära misstag begicks, och vilken roll spelade politisk instabilitet och defaitism?Våren 1940 betraktades Frankrike fortfarande som en av Europas starkaste militärmakter, och dess allians med Storbritannien skulle fungera som en motvikt mot Nazityskland. Men mellan den 10 maj och den 22 juni föll landet samman under den tyska blixtkrigstaktiken.Fransmännen förlitade sig på defensiva strategier med Maginotlinjen, en rad fortifikationer längs gränsen mot Tyskland. Man antog att om tyskarna anföll skulle det ske genom Belgien, vilket gjorde att huvuddelen av den franska armén placerades där.Den tyska offensiven – Fall Gelb – överraskade dock de allierade genom att fokusera på ett blixtsnabbt pansaranfall genom Ardennerna, en terräng som de franska generalerna trodde var omöjlig att passera med stora mekaniserade förband. När tyskarna bröt igenom vid Sedan den 13–15 maj blev den franska armén snabbt demoraliserad och splittrad.Den franska arméns sammanbrott var inte enbart militärt. Landet led av djup politisk splittring, och defaitismen var utbredd bland både politiker och militärer. Det franska ledarskapet, under premiärminister Paul Reynaud, var osäkert på hur det skulle agera. När situationen blev ohållbar avgick Reynaud den 16 juni och ersattes av marskalk Philippe Pétain, som omedelbart inledde förhandlingar med Tyskland.Efter kapitulationen delades Frankrike in i två zoner: den norra delen ockuperades av Tyskland, medan den södra delen, med Vichy som huvudstad, styrdes av den nya Vichyregimen under Pétain. Formellt var Vichyfrankrike en självständig stat, men i praktiken var det en vasallstat som samarbetade med Nazityskland. Regimen införde hårda restriktioner, anpassade sig till tysk antisemitisk politik och deltog aktivt i deportationer av judar till koncentrationsläger.Pétains beslut att samarbeta med Tyskland vilade på tron att det var det enda sättet att bevara viss fransk autonomi och undvika ytterligare lidande. För många fransmän sågs detta dock som förräderi, och Vichyregimen har kommit att symbolisera en skamfylld period i landets historia.Bild: Tyska Panzer I och Panzer II i en skog i maj 1940. Källa: Wikipedia, Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-382-0248-33A / Böcker / CC-BY-SA 3.0Musik: Le Chant des Partisans (Motståndssången) – sången om befrielsen av M. Druon och J. Kessel; Anna Marly; Guy Luypaerts Le Chant Du Monde (1523). Internet Archive, Public Domain.Lyssna också på Det spektakulära anfallet på Eben Emael.Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Conférence publique de l'IISMM en partenariat avec la BULAC Cycle "Écologie en Islam, traditions séculaires et défis contemporains" Mardi 4 février 2025 Exploitation et gestion des ressources en eau en Asie centrale Camille Rhoné-Quer, Historienne, Maîtresse de conférences (Université Aix-Marseille, IREMAM, BioArch) et Alain Cariou, Géographe, Maître de conférences (Sorbonne Université) Modération : Philippe Pétriat (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, IISMM) Programmation : Sophie Bilardello (CNRS, IISMM) Enregistrement vidéo et audio : BULAC

Conférence publique de l'IISMM en partenariat avec la BULAC Cycle "Écologie en Islam, traditions séculaires et défis contemporains" Lundi 6 janvier 2025 à 18h30 GÉOPOLITIQUE DE LA TERRE, DE L'EAU ET DU PAIN AU MOYEN-ORIENT Delphine Acloque, géographe (Expertise France - Département de sécurité alimentaire du Qatar) et Pierre Blanc, enseignant-chercheur (Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Sciences Po Bordeaux, Laboratoire LAM) ont répondu aux questions suivantes : 1) Dans quelle mesure cette région est-elle singulière sur le plan des ressources en eau et en terres cultivables ? Comment les États modernes ont-ils cherché à contourner cette situation pour offrir une sécurité alimentaire ? 2) En quoi les politiques foncières et hydriques menées par les États de la région contribuent-elles particulièrement à la fabrique du territoire, mais aussi à son contrôle ? 3) Sur tous les continents, l'accès à la terre cultivable est un moteur de l'histoire politique. Dans la région, ce moteur a-t-il aussi fonctionné en arrière-plan de la période contemporaine ? 4) Il est beaucoup question des guerres de l'eau, particulièrement dans le contexte du Moyen-Orient. Cette expression est-elle recevable ? Modération : Philippe Pétriat (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Directeur de l'IISMM Programmation : Sophie Bilardello (CNRS, IISMM)

durée : 00:29:59 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Albane Penaranda - "Radio Londres, des Français parlent aux Français", troisième des cinq épisodes de la série "Le quatrième pouvoir" proposée par Vincent Quivy en 1998, avec Jean-Noël Jeanneney, et les voix de : Winston Churchill, Philippe Pétain, Charles de Gaulle et Pierre Dac, grâce aux archives radiophoniques. - réalisation : Virginie Mourthé - invités : Jean-Noël Jeanneney Historien, ancien président de Radio France; Philippe Pétain Militaire et homme politique français; Charles de Gaulle Homme politique français et général militaire; Winston Churchill Homme politique, militaire et écrivain britannique; Pierre Dac Auteur, humoriste (1893-1975)

The dramatic quarrel between the leader of the Free French forces - Charles de Gaulle and Philippe Pétain - head of Vichy France, during the dark days of the 1940's, was in many ways a struggle for the very future of France. Joining Patrick to discuss what divided these two men, why they followed the paths they did, and also what they held in common, is leading historian on the subject Julian Jackson. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - podbattleground@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X (Twitter): @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

durée : 00:58:59 - Entendez-vous l'éco ? - par : Tiphaine de Rocquigny - Connu pour son “or noir” et ses pèlerinages, le désert d'Arabie a assuré la prospérité de la monarchie saoudienne. À l'ère du dérèglement climatique, quelles menaces pèsent sur cette région désertique ? Et quelles sont les alternatives économiques de Mohammed Ben Salmane ? - invités : Philippe Pétriat Maître de conférences Histoire du Moyen-Orient de l'époque ottomane à la période contemporaine à l'Université Paris Panthéon Sorbonne, dont il coordonne le centre Maghreb-Moyen-Orient.

Philippe Collin est producteur de radio, auteur et journaliste. Il est l'auteur de podcasts très suivis consacrés à Léon Blum, Napoléon, Simone de Beauvoir, Philippe Pétain ou encore aux Résistantes. « Le barman du Ritz » est son premier roman. Un livre qui résonne avec les 80 ans de la libération de Paris en août 1944. "Juin 1940. Les Allemands entrent dans Paris. Partout, le couvre-feu est de rigueur, sauf au grand hôtel Ritz. Avides de découvrir l'art de vivre à la française, les occupants y côtoient l'élite parisienne, tandis que derrière le bar œuvre Frank Meier, le plus grand barman du monde. S'adapter est une question de survie. Frank Meier se révèle habile diplomate, gagne la sympathie des officiers allemands, achète sa tranquillité, mais aussi celle de Luciano, son apprenti, et de la troublante et énigmatique Blanche Auzello. Pendant quatre ans, les hommes de la Gestapo vont trinquer avec Coco Chanel, la terrible veuve Ritz, ou encore Sacha Guitry. Ces hommes et ces femmes, collabos ou résistants, héros ou profiteurs de guerre, vont s'aimer, se trahir, lutter aussi pour une certaine idée de la civilisation.La plupart d'entre eux ignorent que Meier, émigré autrichien, ancien combattant de 1914, chef d'orchestre de cet étrange ballet cache un lourd secret. Le barman du Ritz est juif.Philippe Collin restitue avec virtuosité et une méticuleuse précision historique une époque troublée. À travers le destin de cet homme méconnu, il se fait l'œil et l'oreille d'une France occupée, et raconte l'éternel affrontement entre la peur et le courage." (Présentation des éditions Albin Michel).Prix Maurice Druon 2024. Pour la première fois en français la « bible » de la mixologie du barman mythique du Ritz. « Être barman c'est être chimiste et psychologue » Frank Meier.Imaginé par le légendaire Frank Meier, qui officia derrière le bar du Ritz de 1921 à 1947, ce guide, publié pour la première fois en langue française, est une référence. Véritable bible de la mixologie, il révèle les secrets de fabrication de plus de 300 cocktails, dont les créations de Meier lui-même, qu'il servait à Roosevelt, Hemingway ou Cole Porter. C'est aussi un délicieux manuel de savoir-vivre, prodiguant conseils pour les morsures de serpent ou pour les paris hippiques... Indispensable ! (Présentation des éditions Albin Michel)

Découvrez l'abonnement "Au Coeur de l'Histoire +" et accédez à des heures de programmes, des archives inédites, des épisodes en avant-première et une sélection d'épisodes sur des grandes thématiques. Profitez de cette offre sur Apple Podcasts dès aujourd'hui ! Le 23 juillet 1945, après quatre années de collaboration, Philippe Pétain, l'homme à la tête du régime de Vichy, se retrouve sur le banc des accusés. Pendant trois semaines d'audience, il doit répondre de ses actes et sa collaboration avec l'ennemi.Ce procès est sans doute le plus important de l'histoire et pourtant il est peu présent dans la mémoire nationale. Peut-être, parce que ce n'est pas seulement Pétain qui fût jugé à l'été 1945 mais la France collaborationniste elle-même. Retour sur ce moment de justice hors-norme avec l'historien britannique Julian Jackson, auteur du livre Le Procès Pétain, Vichy face à ses juges, paru aux éditions du Seuil. Thèmes abordés : Seconde guerre mondiale, collaboration, Vichy, procès, Pétain "Au cœur de l'histoire" est un podcast Europe 1 Studio- Auteure et Présentatrice : Virginie Girod - Production : Nathan Laporte et Caroline Garnier- Réalisation : Clément Ibrahim- Direction artistique : Julien Tharaud- Composition de la musique originale : Julien Tharaud et Sébastien Guidis- Edition et Diffusion : Nathan Laporte- Coordination des partenariats : Marie Corpet- Visuel : Sidonie Mangin

durée : 00:04:05 - Le Pourquoi du comment : histoire - par : Gérard Noiriel - Philippe Pétain, connu pour son rôle lors de la Première Guerre mondiale et comme chef de l'État français entre 1940 et 1945, a également été engagé dans la guerre coloniale au Maroc entre 1925 et 1927. Aux côtés des Espagnols, il écrasa la rébellion rifaine dirigée par Abdelkrim El Khattabi.

Découvrez l'abonnement "Au Coeur de l'Histoire +" et accédez à des heures de programmes, des archives inédites, des épisodes en avant-première et une sélection d'épisodes sur des grandes thématiques. Profitez de cette offre sur Apple Podcasts dès aujourd'hui ! C'est sans doute l'un des procès les plus importants de l'histoire contemporaine française. Le 23 juillet 1945, à Paris, Philippe Pétain, l'homme à la tête du régime de Vichy, se trouve sur le banc des accusés. Trois semaines d'audience pour juger quatre années de collaboration. Un moment de justice hors-norme, à découvrir la semaine prochaine dans les interviews d'Au Coeur de l'Histoire, avec l'historien Julian Jackson, auteur du livre Le procès Pétain, Vichy face à ses juges. "Au cœur de l'histoire" est un podcast Europe 1 Studio- Auteure et Présentatrice : Virginie Girod - Production : Caroline Garnier- Réalisation : Nicolas Gaspard- Composition de la musique originale : Julien Tharaud et Sébastien Guidis- Edition et Diffusion : Nathan Laporte- Coordination des partenariats : Marie Corpet- Visuel : Sidonie Mangin

Efter det franske nederlag til Nazityskland i juni 1940 indgik en ny regering under ledelse af den 84-årige marskal og krigshelt fra1. verdenskrig, Philippe Pétain, en våbenstilstandsaftale med den tyske besættelsesmagt. Aftalen gav den formelt set neutrale franske regering lov til at administrere den østlige del af landet i samarbejde med den tyske besættelsesmagt. Styrets hovedsæde lå i kurbyen Vichy, hvorfor eftertiden siden har benævnt Pétains regering som ”Vichy-styret”. Vichy-styret gik under, da de allierede i løbet af sommeren og efteråret 1944 generobrede store dele af Frankrig, og tyskerne flyttede Pétain med til Tyskland, der dog selv søgte tilbage via Schweiz i april 1945.  I sommeren 1945 begyndte så en retssag mod Pétain, der også fik betydelig international opmærksomhed. Retten forløb i tre uger. En jury skulle afgøre, om Pétain var en forræder, der i al for høj grad havde samarbejdet med tyskerne eller om han fortsat var fædrelandets helt og skjold, der blot havde forsøgt at mildne konsekvenserne for franskmændene under besættelsen. Sagen endte med, at Pétain blev idømt dødsstraf, der dog blev ændret til livsvarigt fængsel. Alligevel er Frankrig aldrig blevet færdig med at diskutere hverken retssagen eller Pétains skyld. Diskussionerne fortsatte i årtierne efter krigen og helt op til vores tid. I programmet medvirker lektor og ph. D. i fransk ved Københavns Universitet, Jørn Boisen og vi taler om sagen mod Pétain og Vichy-styret med udgangspunkt i den britiske historieprofessor Julian Jacksons bog: ”France on Trial: The case of marshall Pétain” på dansk: Frankrig på anklagebænken: Marskal Pétain-sagen.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Conférences publiques de l'IISMM en partenariat avec la BULAC 
Cycle 2023-2024 - "La langue arabe, entre sacré et profane" Conférence du 2 avril 2024 Charlotte Courreye, Maîtresse de conférences (Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, IETT) « Enjeux des politiques d'arabisation au Maghreb indépendant, années 1960-1980 » Présentation : 
Philippe Pétriat (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Directeur de l'IISMM) Musique, générique : Light©onlymeith

Conférences publiques de l'IISMM en partenariat avec la BULAC 
Cycle 2023-2024 - "La langue arabe, entre sacré et profane" Conférence du 6 février 2024 Catherine Miller, Directrice de recherche émérite (CNRS, IREMAM, AMU) "Médias et langue arabe : quel impact sur les pratiques orales et écrites ?" Présentation : 
Philippe Pétriat (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Directeur de l'IISMM) Musique, générique : Light©onlymeith

durée : 00:29:59 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Philippe Garbit - "Radio Londres, des Français parlent aux Français", troisième des cinq épisodes de la série "Le quatrième pouvoir" proposée par Vincent Quivy en 1998, avec Jean-Noël Jeanneney, et les voix de : Winston Churchill, Philippe Pétain, Charles de Gaulle et Pierre Dac, grâce aux archives radiophoniques. - invités : Jean-Noël Jeanneney Historien, ancien président de Radio France; Philippe Pétain Militaire, homme d'Etat français, diplomate, mort en 1951; Charles de Gaulle Homme d'Etat, général (1890-1970); Winston Churchill Homme d'État et écrivain britannique; Pierre Dac Auteur, humoriste (1893-1975)

Du lundi au vendredi, retrouvez en podcast la chronique de Laurent Gerra sur l'antenne de RTL, il y a 10 ans. Le 8 novembre 2013, Laurent Gerra imitait notamment Benoît XVI, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen, Philippe Pétain, et Jean Roucas.

Dans sa chronique ce jeudi 26 octobre 2023, Laurent Gerra a imité Stéphane Marie, Rocco Siffredi, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Philippe Pétain, Xavier de Moulins, Vincent Delerm, et Nicolas Sarkozy. Tous les jours, retrouvez le meilleur de Laurent Gerra en podcast sur RTL.fr, l'application et toutes vos plateformes préférées.

durée : 00:58:59 - Entendez-vous l'éco ? - par : Tiphaine de Rocquigny - Connu pour son “or noir” et ses pèlerinages, le désert d'Arabie a assuré la prospérité de la monarchie saoudienne. À l'ère du dérèglement climatique, quelles menaces pèsent sur cette région désertique ? Et quelles sont les alternatives économiques de Mohammed Ben Salmane ? - invités : Philippe Pétriat Maître de conférences Histoire du Moyen-Orient de l'époque ottomane à la période contemporaine à l'Université Paris Panthéon Sorbonne, dont il coordonne le centre Maghreb-Moyen-Orient.

I en tale til befolkningen d. 17. juni 1940 forklarer Frankrigs marskal Philippe Pétain, at han har søgt en våbenhvile med fjenden. Han håber, at franskmændene vil samles om den regering, han skal stå i spidsen for. Pétain forsikrer om, at befolkningen ikke skal frygte for fædrelandets skæbne. Den franske hær var blevet løbet over ende af den tyske Værnemagt på blot seks uger. Det meste af Frankrig kom under tysk besættelse, men en mindre del, samlet omkring kurbyen Vichy, fik lov at eksistere som en ny statsdannelse under marskal Pétain. Det er et kontroversielt kapitel i den franske krigshistorie. Hvordan ser franskmændene i dag på Pétain og hans Vichy-regime? Var han kollaboratør eller snarere en slags redningsmand for franske værdier og for det franske imperium? Og hvilken politisk lære har man i Frankrig draget af Vichy-regimet? Det er nogle af spørgsmålene i denne Kampen om historien, hvor Adam Holm taler med journalist og forfatter Karin Mørch og ph.d. og Frankrig-kender Jørn Boisen. Musik: Adi Zukanovic.

durée : 01:00:10 - Le 13/14 - par : Bruno DUVIC - C'est la nouvelle série que vous propose France Inter et Philippe Collin. Après Molière, Napoléon, Leon Blum, Philippe Pétain, c'est la première fois qu'un personnage français vivant apparait dans cette collection, on en parle avec Philippe Collin et Valérie Igounet.

Il y a 50 ans, dans la nuit du 18 au 19 février 1973, un commando de quelques hommes déterre le cercueil du maréchal Pétain. L'ancien chef du gouvernement de Vichy repose alors à l'île d'Yeu, en Vendée, où il a passé les dernières années de sa vie. Il y était emprisonné pour avoir collaboré avec l'occupant nazi, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.Ces partisans de Philippe Pétain ont le projet fou de voler sa dépouille pour l'emmener à Verdun, où le maréchal avait indiqué vouloir se faire enterrer, au milieu des soldats qui sont morts durant la grande bataille en 1916.Code source retrace ce fait divers avec Alexandre Arlot, journaliste à l'édition de Seine-Saint-Denis du Parisien, et l'historien spécialiste de la Première Guerre mondiale Jean-Yves Le Naour, auteur de “On a volé le maréchal !” (Larousse, 2009).Crédits. Direction de la rédaction : Pierre Chausse - Rédacteur en chef : Jules Lavie - Reporter : Ambre Rosala - Production : Clara Garnier-Amouroux et Thibault Lambert - Réalisation et mixage : Julien Montcouquiol - Musiques : François Clos, Audio Network - Archives : INA. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:55:29 - Affaires sensibles - par : Fabrice Drouelle, Franck COGNARD - Le 19 février 1973, un commando de six hommes se rend à l'île d'Yeu et tente d'enlever dans la plus grande discrétion le cercueil de Philippe Pétain. Derrière ce coup d'éclat, se cache une tentative désespérée de réhabiliter celui qui fut le chef des hommes des tranchées de Verdun. - réalisé par : Stéphane COSME, Helene Bizieau, Frédéric Milano

Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now-notorious military man's twisty path to betrayal - and explores the surprising backstories of other villains including France's Philippe Pétain and Satan.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.