Podcasts about gaulle

Tout au long de sa vie, de Gaulle entretient une relation conflictuelle avec les États-Unis d'Amérique. Kennedy est peut-être le seul président américain qu'il aura su apprécier. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

L'entrée en guerre d'Israël avec l'Iran à propos de la question nucléaire ne surprendra personne. Il est par contre plus surprenant de voir un président de la République française évoquer un « droit d'Israël à se défendre » au moment où ce pays vient de lancer une attaque en brandissant le concept de « guerre préventive » dont n'importe quelle autre puissance agressive pourrait désormais se saisir. « N'est pas de Gaulle qui veut », estime notre éditorialiste Natacha Polony.Le magazine Marianne est en kiosques et en ligne chaque jeudi."Le goût de la vérité n'empêche pas de prendre parti". Albert CamusMarianne TV : https://tv.marianne.net/Marianne.net : https://www.marianne.net/ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Résistance, collaboration, attentisme… que faisaient vraiment les Français entre 1940 et 1944 ? Il y a 85 ans, l'Allemagne nazie envahissait la France. C'était le début de quatre années d'Occupation. Chaque année, le 18 juin, on commémore le message lancé depuis Londres par le général de Gaulle en 1940. Cet appel à la Résistance est devenu un symbole car beaucoup de Français aiment se souvenir que certains de leurs ancêtres ont eu le courage de dire non à l'ennemi. Mais entre 1940 et 1944, la France était en réalité dirigée par un régime autoritaire, mené par le maréchal Pétain, un ancien héros de la Première Guerre mondiale. Alors, comment vivait-on en France pendant cette période ? Est-ce que la majorité des citoyens soutenait de Gaulle et la Résistance ? Ou bien suivaient-ils Pétain et le régime de Vichy ? La réalité est bien plus complexe. Dans cet épisode, Hugo et Ingrid reviennent sur ces années sombres. Ils racontent l'invasion allemande et les réactions politiques de 1940. Ils expliquent le fonctionnement du régime de Vichy, autoritaire et antisémite. Et enfin, ils explorent les différentes attitudes des Français. Retrouvez la transcription de cet épisode sur innerfrench.com Vous avez envie de progresser avec nous ? Découvrez nos cours en ligne sur courses.innerfrench.com  

Stéphane Bern raconte, en ce 18 juin, le destin méconnu d'Elisabeth de Miribel, une combattante de la France Libre qui, en tout premier, a répondu à l'appel du Général de Gaulle… pour dactylographier son célèbre discours du 18 juin 1940, qui, sans le savoir, allait entrer dans l'Histoire. Sans Élisabeth de Miribel, la France et le conflit de la Seconde Guerre mondiale auraient-ils connu la même issue ? Quels liens a-t-elle tissés avec le général de Gaulle ? Quel héritage a-t-elle laissé derrière elle ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit David Brunat, écrivain et auteur de "A la machine, Vies d'Élisabeth de Miribel" (Editions La Thébaïde) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Guilaume Vasseau. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Tony Liégois. Journaliste : Clara Leger. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Up this week : It's been another bad week for the reputation of French politicians. We'll discuss why they are so naughty, and when I say naughty I mean corrupt, rather than bed hopping.And we'll also bring you the good news that Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport will soon have a direct train link that's been centuries in the making. Although there's some bad news too given how much it's going to cost.We'll find out why France has been so successful in creating high speed trains and not so good at local rail links, why the French name police are so powerful and whether or not foreigners in France should swear like a local.Host Ben McPartland is joined by The Local France's mostly foulmouthed duo Emma Pearson and Gen Mansfield as well as the always elegantly spoken John Lichfield.Extra reading:The French baby names banned by law'It doesn't sound as vulgar': The verdict on swearing in FrenchFrench ex-president Sarkozy stripped of Legion of HonourFrench ex-PM Fillon given suspended prison sentence over wife's fake job'Rail golden age': French trains more popular than ever (despite strike threats) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Stéphane Bern raconte, en ce 18 juin, le destin méconnu d'Elisabeth de Miribel, une combattante de la France Libre qui, en tout premier, a répondu à l'appel du Général de Gaulle… pour dactylographier son célèbre discours du 18 juin 1940, qui, sans le savoir, allait entrer dans l'Histoire. Sans Élisabeth de Miribel, la France et le conflit de la Seconde Guerre mondiale auraient-ils connu la même issue ? Quels liens a-t-elle tissés avec le général de Gaulle ? Quel héritage a-t-elle laissé derrière elle ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit David Brunat, écrivain et auteur de "A la machine, Vies d'Élisabeth de Miribel" (Editions La Thébaïde) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Guilaume Vasseau. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Tony Liégois. Journaliste : Clara Leger. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 01:04:25 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Philippe Garbit - Le 17 juin 1940, le Maréchal Pétain annonce qu'il faut cesser le combat. Le lendemain, depuis Londres, le général de Gaulle appelle à continuer ce combat contre l'Allemagne qui occupe la France. En 1965, Jacques Madaule raconte, en faisant appel aux témoins de l'époque, l'importance de cet appel. - réalisation : Virginie Mourthé - invités : Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie Résistant et compagnon de la Libération, écrivain, journaliste, militaire et homme politique français; Maurice Schumann Homme politique, résistant durant la seconde guerre mondiale, ancien porte-parole de la France Libre, ministre, journaliste

Founder of the Raising Capitalists Foundation and previous co-host of The Real Estate Guys Radio show, Russell Gray, joins Keith to discuss the historical and current devaluation of the U.S. dollar, its impact on investors, and the broader economic implications. Gray highlights how the significant increase in interest rates has trapped equity in properties and affected development. He explains the shift from gold-backed currency to paper money, the role of the Federal Reserve, and the impact of the Bretton Woods Agreement.  Gray emphasizes the importance of understanding macroeconomic trends and advocates for Main Street capitalism to decentralize power and promote productivity. He also criticizes the idea of housing as a human right, arguing it leads to inflation and shortages. Resources: Connect with Russell Gray to learn more about his "Raising Capitalists" project and his plans for a new show. Follow up with Russell Gray to get a copy of the Beardsley Rummel speech transcript from 1946. follow@russellgray.com Show Notes: GetRichEducation.com/558 For access to properties or free help with a GRE Investment Coach, start here: GREmarketplace.com GRE Free Investment Coaching: GREinvestmentcoach.com Get mortgage loans for investment property: RidgeLendingGroup.com or call 855-74-RIDGE  or e-mail: info@RidgeLendingGroup.com Invest with Freedom Family Investments.  You get paid first: Text FAMILY to 66866 Will you please leave a review for the show? I'd be grateful. Search “how to leave an Apple Podcasts review”.  For advertising inquiries, visit: GetRichEducation.com/ad Best Financial Education: GetRichEducation.com Get our wealth-building newsletter free— text ‘GRE' to 66866 Our YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/c/GetRichEducation Follow us on Instagram: @getricheducation Complete episode transcript:   Automatically Transcribed With Otter.ai  Keith Weinhold  0:01   Welcome to GRE. I'm your host. Keith Weinhold, what's the real backstory on why we have this thing called the dollar? Why it keeps getting debased? What you can do about it and when the dollar will die? It's a lesson in monetary history. And our distinguished guest is a familiar voice that you haven't heard in a while. Today on get rich education.   Mid south home buyers, I mean, they're total pros, with over two decades as the nation's highest rated turnkey provider, their empathetic property managers use your ROI as their North Star. So it's no wonder that smart investors just keep lining up to get their completely renovated income properties like it's the newest iPhone. They're headquartered in Memphis and have globally attractive cash flows and A plus rating with a better business bureau and now over 5000 houses renovated. There's zero markup on maintenance. Let that sink in, and they average a 98.9% occupancy rate, while their average renter stays more than three and a half years. Every home they offer has brand new components, a bumper to bumper, one year warranty, new 30 year roofs. And wait for it, a high quality renter. Remember that part and in an astounding price range, 100 to 180k I've personally toured their office and their properties in person in Memphis, get to know Mid South. Enjoy cash flow from day one. Start yourself right now at mid southhomebuyers.com that's mid south homebuyers.com   Russell Gray  1:54   You're listening to the show that has created more financial freedom than nearly any show in the world. This is get rich education.   Keith Weinhold  2:10   Welcome to GRE from St John's Newfoundland to St Augustine, Florida and across 188 nations worldwide. I'm Keith weinholden. You are inside get rich education. It's 2025. The real estate market is changing. We'll get into that in future. Weeks today. Over the past 100 years plus, we've gone from sound money to Monopoly money, and we're talking about America's currency collapse. What comes next and how it affects you as both an investor and a citizen.   I'd like to welcome in longtime friend of the show and someone that I've personally learned from over the years, because he's a brilliant teacher, real estate investors probably haven't heard his voice as much lately, because until last year, he had been the co host of the terrific real estate guys radio show for nearly 20 years. Before we're done today, you'll learn more about what he's doing now, as he runs the Main Street capitalist platform and is also founder of the raising capitalists foundation. Hey, it's been a few years. Welcome back to GRE Russell Gray.   Russell Gray  3:19   yeah, it's fun. I actually think it's been maybe 10 years when I think about it, I remember I was at a little resort in Mexico recording with you, I think in the gym. It was just audio back then, no video.    Keith Weinhold  3:24   Yeah, I remember we're trying to get the audio right. Then I think you've been here more recently than 10 years ago. But yeah, now there's this video component. I actually have to sit up straight and comb my hair. It's ridiculous. Well, Russ, you're also a buff of monetary history. And before we discuss that, talk about the state of the real estate market today, just briefly, from your vantage point.   Russell Gray 1  3:55    I think the big story, and I'm probably not telling anybody anything they don't know, but the interest rate hike cycle that we went through this last round was quite a bit more substantial, I think, than a lot of people really appreciated, you know. And I started talking about that many years ago, because when you hit the zero bound and you have 6,7,8, years of interest rates below half a point, the change when they started that interest rate cycle from point two, 525 basis points all the way up to five and a quarter? That's a 20x move. And people might say, well, oh, you know, I go back to what Paul Volcker did way back in the day, when he took interest rates from eight or nine to 18. That was only a little bit more than double. Double is a far cry from 20x so we've never seen anything like that. Part of the fallout of that, as you know, is a lot of people wisely, and I was on the front end of cheerleading This is go get those loans refinanced and lock in that cheap money for as long as possible, because a loan will actually become an asset. The problem is, when you do that, you're kind of married to that property. Now it's not quite as bad. As being upside down in a property and you can't get out of it, but it's really hard to walk away from a two or 3% loan in a Six 7% market, because you really can't take your same payment and end up getting more house. And so that equity is kind of a little bit trapped, and that creates some opportunities, but I think that's been the big story, and then kind of the byproduct of the story. Second tier of the story was the impact it had on development, because it made it a lot harder for developers to develop, because their cost of funds and everything in that supply chain, food chain, you marry that to the 2020, COVID Supply Chain lockdown and that disruption, which, you know, you don't shut an economy down and just flick a switch and have it come back on. And so there's all of that. And then the third thing is just this tremendous uncertainty everybody has, because we just went from one extreme to another. And I think people, you know, they don't want to, like, rock the boat, they're going to kind of stay status quo for a little bit, whether they're businesses, whether they're homeowners, whether they're anybody out there that's thinking about moving them, unless life forces you to do it, you're going to try to stay status quo until things calm down. And I don't know how close we are to things calming down.   Keith Weinhold  6:13   One word I use is normalized. Both the 30 year fixed rate mortgage and the Fed funds rate are pretty close to their long term historic average. It just doesn't feel that way, because it was that rate of increase in 2022 that caught a lot of people off guard, like you touched on Well, Russ, now that we've talked about the present day, let's go back in time, and then we'll slowly bring things up to the present day. The dollar is troubled. It's worth perhaps 3% of what it was 100 years ago, but it's still around since it was established in the Coinage Act of 1792 and it's still the world reserve currency. In fact, only three currencies have survived longer than the dollar, the British pound, the Japanese yen and the Swiss franc. So talk to us about this really relentless debasement of the dollar over time, including the creation of the Fed and the Bretton Woods Agreement and all that.   Russell Gray 7:09   That's a big story, as you know, and I always like to try to break it down a little bit. One of my specialties I'd like to believe, is I speak macro and I speak Main Street. And so when I try to break macroeconomics down, I start out with, why do I even care? I mean, if I'm a main street investor, why do I even care? In 2008 as you know, is a wipeout for me. Why? Because I didn't think anything had happened in the macro I didn't think Wall Street bond market. I didn't think that affected me. One thing I really cared about was interest rates. And I had a cursory interest in the bond market. We just try to figure out where interest rates were going. But for the most part, I thought, as a main street real estate investor, I was 100% insulated. I couldn't have been more wrong, because it really does matter, because the value of the dollar, in other words, the purchasing power of the dollar, and usually you refer to that as inflation, right? If inflation is there, the dollar is losing its purchasing power, and so the higher the inflation rate, the faster you're losing that purchasing power. And you might say, well, maybe that matters to me. Maybe it does. But the people who make the money available to the mortgage community, right to the real estate community to borrow that comes out of the bond market. And so when people go to buy a bond, which is an IOU, they're going to get paid back in the currency that they lent in, in this case, dollars. And if they know, if they're making a long term investment in a long term bond, and they're going to get paid back in dollars, they're going to be worth a whole lot less when they get them back. One of the things they're going to want is compensation for that time risk, and that's called higher interest rates. Okay, so now, if you're a main street investor, and higher interest rates impact you, now you understand why you want to pay attention. Okay, so let's just start with that. And so once you understand that the currency is a derivative of money, and money used to be you mentioned the Coinage Act Keith money, which is gold, used to be synonymous with the dollar. The dollar was only a unit of measure of gold, 1/20 of an ounce. It was a unit of measure. So it's like, the way I teach people is, like, if you had a gallon of milk and you traded, I'm a farmer, and I had a lot of milk, and so everybody decided they were going to use gallons of milk as their currency. Hey, where there's a lot of gallons of milk. He's got a big refrigerator. We'll just trade gallons of milk. Hey, Keith, I really like your beef. I you know, will you sell me some, a side of beef, and I'll give you, you know, 100 gallons of milk, you know, like, Oh, that's great. Well, I can't drink all this milk, so I'm going to leave the milk on deposit at the dairy, and then later on, when I decide I want a suit of clothes, I'll say, well, that's 10 gallons of milk. So I'll give the guy 10 gallons of milk. So I just give him a coupon, a claim, a piece of paper for that gallon of milk, or 20 gallons of milk, and he can go to the dairy and pick it up, right? And so that's kind of the way the monetary system evolved, except it wasn't milk, it was gold. So now you got the dollar. Well, after a while, nobody's going to get the milk. They don't care about the milk. And so now. Now, instead of just saying, I'll give you a gallon of milk, you just say, well, I'll give you a gallon. And somebody says, Okay, that's great. I'll take a gallon. They never opened the jug up. They never realized the jug is empty. They're just trading these empty jugs that used to have milk in them. Well, that's what the paper dollar is today. It went from being a gold certificate payable to bearer on demand, a certain amount of gold, a $20 gold certificate, what looks exactly like a $20 FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE. Today they look exactly the same, except one says FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE, which is an IOU backed by nothing, and the other one said gold certificate, which was payable to bearer on demand, real money. So my point is, is he got money which is a derivative of the productivity, the beef, the soot, the milk, whatever, right? That's the real capital. The real capital is the goods and services we all want. Money is where we store the value of whatever it is we created until we want to trade it for something somebody else created later. And it used to be money and currency were one in the same, but now we've separated that. So now all we do is trade empty gallons, which are empty pieces of paper, and that's currency. So those are derivatives, and the last derivative of that chain is credit. And you had Richard Duncan on your show more than once, and he is famous for kind of having this term. We don't normally have capitalism. We have creditism, right? Everything is credit. Everything is claims on wealth, but it's not real wealth, and it's just when we look at what's going on with our current administration and the drive to become a productive rather than a financialized society, again, as part of this uncertainty that everybody has. Because this is not just a subtle little adjustment on the same course. This is like, No, we're we're going down a completely different path. But fundamentally, your system operates on this currency that is flowing through it, like the blood flowing through your body. And if the blood is bad, your body's sick. And right now, our currency is bad, and so it creates problems, not just for us, but all around the world. And now we're exacerbating that. And I'm not saying it's bad. In fact, I think it's actually it's actually good, but change is what it is, right? I mean, it can be really good to go to the gym and work out before we started recording, you talked about your commitment to fitness, and that if you stop working out, you get unfit, and it's hard to start up again. Well, we've allowed our economy to get very unfit. Now we're trying to get fit again, and it's going to be painful. We're going to be sore, but if we stick with it, I think we can actually kind of save this thing. So I don't know what that's going to mean for the dollar ultimately, or if we end up going to something else, but right now, to your point, the dollar is definitely the big dog still, but I think it's probably even more under attack today than it's ever been, and so it's just something I think every Main Street investor needs to pay attention to.    Keith Weinhold  12:46   And it was really that 1913 creation of the Fed, where the Fed's mandates really didn't begin to take effect until 1914 that accelerated this slide in the dollar. Prior to that, it was really just periods of war, like, for example, the Civil War, where we had inflation rise, but then after wars abated, the dollar's strength returned, but that ceased to happen last century.   Russell Gray  13:11   I think there's a much bigger story there. So when we founded the country, we established legal money in the Coinage Act of 1792 we got gold and silver and a specific unit of measure of gold, a specific unit, measure of silver was $1 and that's what money was constitutionally. Alexander Hamilton advocated for the first central bank and got it, but it was issued by Charter, which meant that it was operated by the permission of the Congress. It wasn't institutionalized. It wasn't embedded in the Constitution. It was just something that was granted, like a license. You have a charter to be able to run a bank. When that initial charter came up for renewal, Congress goes, now we're not going to renew it. Well, of course, that made the bankers really upset, because bankers have a pretty good gig, right? They get to just loan people money. They don't have to do any real work, and then they make money on just kind of arbitraging, you know, other people's money. Savers put their money in, and they borrowed the money out, and then they with fractional reserve, they're able to magnify that. So it's, it's kind of a cool gig. And so what happened? Then he had the first central bank, so then they got the second central bank, and the second central bank was also issued by charter this time when it came up for renewal, Congress goes, Yeah, let's renew it, right? Because the bankers knew we got to go buy a few congressmen if we want to keep this thing going. But President Andrew Jackson said, No, not going to happen. And it was a big battle. Is a famous quote of him just calling these bankers a brood of vipers. And I'm going to put you down. And God help me, I will, right? I mean, it was like intense fact, I do believe he got shot at one point. I think he died from lead poisoning, because he never got the bullet out. So, you know, when you go to up against the bankers, it's not pretty, but he succeeded. He was the last president that paid off all the debt, balanced budget, paid off all the debt, and we got kind of back on sound money. Well, then a little while later, said, Okay, we're going to need, like, something major, and this would. I should put on. I got my, this is my hat, right now, I'll kind of put it on. This is my, my tin foil hat. Okay? And so I put this on when I kind of go down the rabbit trail a little bit. No, I'm not saying this is what happened, but it wouldn't surprise me, right? Because I know that war is profitable, and so sometimes, you know, your comment was, hey, there's the bank, and then there was, you know, the war, or there's the war, then there's a bank, which comes first the chicken or the egg. I think there's an article where Henry Ford and Thomas Edison went to Congress. I think it was December. The article was published New York Tribune, December 4. I think 1921 you can look it up, New York Tribune, front page article   Keith Weinhold  15:38   fo those of you in the audio only. Russ started donning a tin foil looking hat here about one minute ago.    Russell Gray  15:45   I did, yeah, so I put it on. Just so fair warning. You know, I may go a little conspiratorial, but the reason I do that is I just, I think we've seen enough, just in current, modern history and politics, in the age of AI and software and freedom of speech and new media, there's a lot of weird stuff going on out there, but a lot of stuff that we thought was really weird a little while ago has turned out to be more true than we thought. When you look back in history, and you kind of read the official narrative and you wonder, you kind of read between the lines. You go, oh, maybe some stuff went on here. So anyway, the allegation that Ford made, smart guy, Thomas Edison, smart guy. And they go to Congress, and they go, Hey, we need to get the gold out of the banker's hands, because gold is money, and we need money not to revolve around gold, because the bankers control gold. They control the money, and they make profits, his words, not mine, by starting wars, because he was very upset about World War One, which happened. We got involved right after Fed gets formed in 1913 World War One starts in 1914 the United States sits off in the background and sells everybody, everything. It collects a bunch of gold, and then enters at the end and ends it all. And that big influx created the roaring 20s, as we all know, which ended big boom to big bust. And that cycle, which then a crisis that created, potentially a argument for why the government should have more control, right? So you kind of go down this path. So we ended up in 1865 with President Lincoln suppressing states rights and eventually creating an unconstitutional income tax and then creating an unconstitutional currency. That's what Abraham Lincoln did. And then on the back end of that, you know, it didn't end well for him, and I don't know why, but all I know is that we had a financial crisis in 1907 and the solution to that was the Aldrich plan, which was basically a monopoly on money. It's called a money trust. And Charles Lindbergh, SR was railing against it, as were many people at the time, going, No, this is terrible. So they renamed the Aldrich plan the Federal Reserve Act. And instead of going for a bank charter, they went for a constitutional amendment, and they got it in the 16th Amendment, and that's where we got the IRS. That's where we got the income tax, which was only supposed to be 7% only affect like the top one or 2% of earners, right? And that's where we got, you know, the Federal Reserve. That's where all that was born. Since that happened, to your point, the dollar has been on with a slight little rise up in the 20s, which, you know, there's a whole thing about whether that caused the crash or not. But at the end of the day, if you go look at St Louis Fed, which you go look at all the time, and you just look at the long term trend of the dollar, it's terrible. And the barometer, that's gold, right? $20 of gold in 1913 and 1933 and then 42 in 1971 or two, whatever it was, three, and then eventually as high as 850 but at the turn of the century, this century, it was $250 so at $2,500 it would have lost 90% in the 21st Century. The dollars lost 90% in the 21st Century, just to 2500 that's profound to go. That's right, it already lost more than 90% from $20 to 250 so it lost 90% and then 90% of the 10% that was left. And that's where we're at. We're worse than that. Today, no currency, as far as I understand, I've been told this. Haven't done the homework, but it's my understanding, no currency in the history of the world has ever survived that kind of debasement. So I think a lot of people who are watching are like, okay, it's not a matter of if, it's a matter of when. And then the big question is, is when that when comes? What does the transition look like? What rises in its place? And then you look at things like a central bank digital currency, which is not like Bitcoin, it's not a crypto, it's a centrally controlled currency run by the central bank. If we get that, I would argue that's not good for privacy and security. Could be Bitcoin would be better. I would argue, could go back to gold backing, which I would say is better than what we have, or we could get something nobody's even thought of. I don't know. We don't know, but I do think we're at the end of the life cycle. Historically, all things being equal. And I think all the indication with a big run up of gold, gold is screaming something's broken. It's just screaming it right now, not just because the price is up, but who's buying it. It's just central banks.   Keith Weinhold  20:12   Central banks are doing most of the buying, right? It's not individual investors going to a coin shop. So that's really screaming, telling you that people are concerned. People are losing their faith in giving loans to the United States for sure. And Russ, as we talk about gold, and it's important link to the dollar over time, you mentioned how they wanted it, to get it out of the bank's hands for a while. Of course, there was also a period of time where it was illegal for Americans to own gold. And then we had this Bretton Woods Agreement, which was really important as well, where we ended up violating promises that had to do with gold again. So can you speak to us some more about that? Because a lot of people just don't understand what happened at Bretton Woods.   Russell Gray  20:56   What happened is we had the big crash in 1929 and the net result of that was, in 1933 we got executive order 6102 In fact, I have a picture of it framed, and that was in the wake of that in 1933 and so what Franklin Delano Roosevelt did in signing that document, which was empowered by a previous act of Congress, basically let him confiscate all The money. It'd be like right now if, right now, you know, President Trump signed an executive order and said, You have to take all your cash, every all the cash that you have out of your wallet. You have to send it all, take it into the bank, and they're going to give you a Chuck E Cheese token, right? And if you don't do it, if you do it, it's a $500,000 fine in 10 years in prison. Right? Back then it was a $10,000 fine, which was twice the price of the average Home huge fine, plus jail time. That's how severe it was, okay? So they confiscated all the money. That happened in 33 okay? Now we go off to war, and we enter the war late again. And so we have the big manufacturing operation. We're selling munitions and all kinds of supplies to everybody, all over the world, right? And we're just raking the gold and 20,000 tons of gold. We got all the gold. We got the biggest army now, we got the biggest bomb, we got the biggest economy. We got the strongest balance sheet. Well, I mean, you know, we went into debt for the war, but, I mean, we had a lot of gold. So now everybody else is decimated. We're the big dog. Everybody knows we're the big dog. Nine states shows up in New Hampshire Bretton Woods, and they have this big meeting with the world, and they say, Hey guys, new sheriff in town. Britain used to be the world's reserve currency, but today we're going to be the world's reserve currency. And so this was the new setup. But it's okay. It's okay because our dollar is as good as gold. It's backed by gold, and so anytime you want foreign nations, you can just bring your dollars to us and we'll give you the gold, no problem. And everyone's like, okay, great. What are you going to say? Right? You got the big bomb, you got the big army. Everybody needs you for everything to live like you're not going to say no. So they said, Yes, of course, the United States immediately. I've got a speech that a guy named Beardsley Rummel did. Have you ever heard me talk about this before? Keith, No, I've never heard about this. So Beardsley Rummel was the New York Fed chair when all this was happening. And so he gave a speech to the American Bar Association in 1945 and I got a transcript of it, a PDF transcript of it from 1946 and basically he goes, Look, income taxes are obsolete. We don't need income tax anymore because we can print money, because we're off the gold standard and we have no accountability. We just admitted it, just totally admitted it, and said the only reason we have income tax is to manipulate behavior, is to redistribute wealth, is to force people to do what we want them to do, punish things and reward others, right? Just set it plain language. I have a transcript of the speech. You can get a copy of you send an email to Rummel R U, M, L@mainstreetcapitalist.com I'll get it to you. So it's really, really interesting. So he admitted it. So we went along in the 40s and the 50s, and, you know, we had the only big manufacturing you know, because everybody else is still recovering from the war. Everything been bombed to smithereens, and we're spending money and doing all kinds of stuff. And having the 50s, it was great, right, right up until the mid 60s. So the mid 60s, it's like, Okay, we got a problem. And Charles de Gaulle, who was the president of France at the time, went to a meeting. And there's a YouTube video, but you can see it, he basically told the world, hey, I don't think the United States is doing a good job managing this world's reserve currency. I don't think they've got the gold. I think they printed too much money. I think that we should start to go redeem our dollars and get the gold. That was pretty forward thinking. And he created a run on the bank. And at the same time, we passed the Coinage Act in 1965 and took all the silver out of the people's money. So we took the gold in 33 and then we took the silver in 65 right? Because we got Vietnam and the Great Society, welfare, all these things were going on in the 60s. We're just going broke. Meanwhile, our gold supply went from 20,000 tons down to eight and Richard. Nixon is like, whoa, time out. Like, this is bad. And so we had inflation in 1970 August 15, 1971 year before August 15, 1971 1970 Nixon writes an executive order and freezes all prices and all wages. It became illegal by presidential edict for a private business to give their employee a raise or to raise their prices to the customers.    Keith Weinhold  25:30   It's almost if that could happen price in theUnited States of America, right?    Russell Gray  25:36   And inflation was 4.4% and it was a national emergency like today. I mean, you know, a few years ago, like three or four years ago, we if we could get it down 4.4% it'd be Holly. I'd be like a celebration. That was bad. And so that's what happened. So a year later, that didn't work. It was a 90 day thing. It was a disaster. And so in a year later, August 15, 1971 Nixon came on live TV after Gunsmoke. I think it was, and I was old enough I'm watching TV on a Sunday night I watched it. Wow. So I live, that's how old I am. So it's a lot of this history, not the Bretton Woods stuff, but from like 1960 2,3,4, forward. I remember I was there.    Keith Weinhold  26:13   Yeah, that you remember the whole Nixon address on television. We should say it for the listener that doesn't know. Basically the announcement Nixon made, he said, was a temporary measure, is that foreign nations can no longer redeem their dollars for gold. He broke the promise that was made at Bretton Woods in about 1945   Russell Gray  26:32   Yeah. And then gold went from $42 up to 850 and a whole series of events that have led to where we're at today were put in place to cover up the fact that the dollar was failing. We had climate emergency. We were headed towards the next global Ice Age. We had an existential threat in two different diseases that hit one right after the other. First one was the h1 n1 flu, swine flu, and then the next thing was AIDS. And so we had existential pandemic, two of them. We also had a oil shortage crisis. We were going to run out of fossil fuel by the year 2000 we had to do all kinds of very public, visible, visceral things that we would all see. You could only buy gas odd even days, like, if your license plate ended in an odd number, you could go on these days, and if it ended on an even number, you could go on the other days. And so we had that. We lowered our national speed limit down to 55 miles an hour. We created the EPA and all these different agencies under Jimmy Carter to try to regulate and manage all of this crisis. Prior to that, Nixon sent Kissinger over to China, and we opened up trade relations. And we'd been in Vietnam to protect the world from communism because it was so horrible. And then in the wake of that, we go over to Communist China, Chairman Mao and open up trade relations. Why we needed access to their cheap labor to suck up all the inflation. And we went over to the Saudis, and we cut the petro dollar deal. Why? Because we needed the float. We needed some place for all these excess dollars that we had created to get sucked up. And so they got sucked up in trading the largest commodity in the world, energy. And the deal was, hey, Saudis, here's the deal. You like your kingdom? Well, we got the big bomb. We got the big army. You're going to rule the roost in the in the Middle East, and we'll protect you. All you got to do is make sure you sell all your oil in dollars and dollars only. And they're like, Well, what if we're selling oil to China, or what if we're selling oil to Japan? Can they pay in yen? Nope, they got to sell yen. Buy dollars. Well, what do we do with all these dollars? Buy our treasuries. Okay, so what if I got this? Yeah, and so that was the petrodollar system. And the world looked at everything went on, and the world is like, Hmm, the United States coming back to Europe, and Charles de Gaulle, they're like, the United States is not handling this whole dollar thing real well. We need an alternative. What if all of us independent nations in Europe got together and created a common currency? We don't want to be like one country, like the United States, but we want to be like an economic union. So let's create a current let's call it the euro. And they started that process in the 70s, but they didn't get it done till 99 and so they get it done in 99 as soon as they get it done, this guy named Saddam Hussein goes, Hey, I'm now the big dog here. I got the fourth largest army in the world. I'm here in, you know, big oil producing nation. Let's trade in the euro. Let's get off the dollar. Let's do oil in the euro. And he's gone. I'm not sure I should put my hat back on. I'm not sure, but somehow we went into Afghanistan and took a hard left and took this guy out.   Keith Weinhold  29:44   Some credence to this. Yes, yeah, so. But with that said,   Russell Gray  29:47   you know, we ended up with the Euro taking about 20% of the global trade market from the United States, which is about where it sits today. And the United States used to be up over 80% and now we're down below 60% still. The Big Dog by triple and the euro is not in a position to supplant the US, but I think China, whose claim to fame is looking at other people's technology and models and copying it, looked at what the United States did to become the dominant economic force, and I think they've systematically been copying it. I wrote a report on this way back in 2013 when I started really paying attention to it and began to chronicle all the things that they were doing, this big D dollarization movement that I think still has legs. It's the BRICS movement. It's all the central banks buying gold. It's the bilateral trade agreements where people are doing business outside the dollar. There's been not just that, but also putting together the infrastructure, right? The Asian Infrastructure Bank is an alternative to the IMF looking, if you have you read Confessions of an economic hitman. No. Okay, so this is a guy that used to work in the government, I think, CIA or something, and he would go down and he'd cut deals with leaders of countries to get them to borrow from the United States to put in key infrastructure so they could trade with the US. And then, of course, if they defaulted, then the US owned that in the infrastructure. You can look it up. His name is Perkins, right. Look it up confessions of economic hit now, but you see China doing the same thing. China's got their Belt and Road Initiative. And you go through, and if you want to trade with China on that route, you have traded, you're gonna have to have infrastructure. You can eat ports. You're gonna need terminals for distribution. But you, Oh, you don't have the money. We'll loan it to you, and we'll loan it to you and you want. Now we're creating demand for you want, and we also are enslaving borrower servant to the lender. We're beginning to enslave these other nations under the guise of helping them by financing their growth so they can do business with us. It's the same thing the United States did and Shanghai Gold Exchange, as opposed to the London Bullion exchange. So all of the key pieces of infrastructure that were put in place to facilitate Western hegemony in the financial markets the Chinese have been systematically putting in place with bricks, and so there's a reason we're in this big trade war right now. We recognize that they had started to get in a position where they were actually a real threat, and we got to cut their legs out from underneath them before they get any stronger. Again, I should put my hat back on. Nobody's calling me up and telling me, I'm just reading between the lines. Sure,   Keith Weinhold  32:23   there certainly are more competitors to the dollar now. And can you imagine what rate of inflation that we would have had if we had not outsourced our labor and productivity over to a low wage place like China in the east? Russ and I have been talking about the long term debasement of the dollar and why. More on that when we come back, including what Russ is up to today. You're listening to get rich education. Our guest is Russell Gray. I'm your host, Keith Weinhold, the same place where I get my own mortgage loans is where you can get yours. Ridge lending group and MLS, 42056, they provided our listeners with more loans than anyone because they specialize in income properties. They help you build a long term plan for growing your real estate empire with leverage. Start your pre qual and even chat with President Chaley Ridge personally while it's on your mind, start at Ridge lendinggroup.com that's Ridge lendinggroup.com. You know what's crazy? 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This is Rich Dad advisor, Garrett Sutton. You're listening to the always valuable. Get rich education with Keith Weinhold, don't quit your Daydream.    Keith Weinhold  34:52   Welcome back to get rich education. We're talking with the main street capitalists Russell gray about this long term debasement of the dollar. It's an. Inevitable. It's one of the things we actually can forecast with pretty good predictability that the dollar will continue to debase. It's one of the few almost guarantees that we have in investing. So we can think about how we want to play that Russ one thing I wonder about is, did we have to completely de peg the dollar from gold? Couldn't we have just diluted it where we could instead say, Well, hey, now, instead of just completely depegging the dollar from gold, we could say, well, now it takes 10 times as many dollars as it used to to redeem it for an ounce of gold. Did it make it more powerful that we just completely de pegged it 100%   Russell Gray  35:36   it would disempower the monopoly. Right? In other words, I think that the thing from the very beginning, was scripted to disconnect from the accountability of gold, which is what sound money advocates want. They want some form of independent Accountability. Gold is like an audit to a financial system. If you're the bankers and you're running the program, the last thing in the world you want is a gold standard, because it limits your ability to print money out of thin air and profit from that. So I don't think the people who are behind all of this are, in no way, shape or form, interested in doing anything that's going to limit their power or hold them accountable. They want just the opposite. I think if they could wave a magic wand and pick their solution to the problem, it would be central bank digital currency, which would give them ultimate control. Yeah. And it wouldn't surprise me if we maybe, perhaps, were on a path where some crises were going to converge, whether it's opportunistic, meaning that the crisis happened on its own, and quote Rahm Emanuel and whoever he was quoting, you know, never let a good crisis go to waste, and you're just opportunistic, or, you know, put the conspiracy theory hat on, and maybe these crises get created in order to facilitate the power grab. I don't know. It really doesn't matter what the motives are or how it happens at the end of the day, it's what happens. It happened in 33 it happened in 60. In 71 it's what happens. And so it's been a systematic de pegging of any form of accountability. I mean, we used to have a budget ceiling. We used to talk about now it's just like, it's routine. You blow right through it, right, right. There's you balance. I mean, when's the last time you even had a budget? Less, less, you know, much less anything that looked like a valid balanced budget amendment. So I think there's just no accountability other than the voting booth. And, you know, I think maybe you could make the argument that whether you like Trump or not, the public's apparent embrace of him, show you that the main street and have a lot of faith in Main Street. I think Main Street is like, you know what? This is broken. I don't know what's how to fix it, but somebody just needs to go in and just tear this thing down and figure out a new plant. Because I think if you anybody paying attention, knows that this perpetual debasement, which is kind of the theme of the show is it creates haves and have nots. Guys like you who understand how to use real estate to short the dollar, especially when you marry it to gold, which is one of my favorite strategies to double short the dollar, can really magnify the power of inflation to pull more wealth onto your balance sheet. Problem is the people who aren't on that side of the coin are on the other side of the coin, and so the poor get poorer and the rich get richer. Well, the first order of business in a system we can't control is help as many people be on the rich get richer. That's why we had the get rich show, right? Let's help other people get rich. Because if I'm the only rich guy in the room, all the guns are pointed at me, right? I wanted everybody as rich as possible. I think Trump and Kiyosaki wrote about that in their book. Why we want you to be rich, right? When everybody's prospering, it's it's better, it's safer, you have people to trade with and whatnot, but we have eviscerated the middle class because industry has had to go access cheap labor markets in order to compensate for this inflation. And you know, you talk about the Fed mandate, which is 2% inflation, price inflation, 2% so if you say something that costs $1 today, a year from now, is going to cost $1 too, you think, well, maybe that's not that bad. But here's the problem, the natural progression of Business and Technology is to lower the cost, right? So you have something cost $1 today, and because somebody's using AI and internet and automation and robots and all this technology, right? And the cost, they could really sell it for 80 cents. And so the Fed looks at and goes, Let's inflate to $1.02 that's not two cents of inflation. That's 22 cents of inflation. And so there's hidden inflation. The benefits of the gains in productivity don't show up in the CPI, but it's like deferred maintenance on an apartment building. You can make your cash flow look great if you're not setting anything aside for the inevitable day when that roof is going to go out and that parking lot is going to need to be repaved, right? And you don't know how far out you are until you get there and you're like, wow, I'm really short, and I think that we have been experiencing for decades. The theft of the benefit of our productivity gains, and we're not just a little bit out of position. We're way out of position. That's   Keith Weinhold  40:07   a great point. Like I had said earlier, imagine what the rate of inflation would be if we hadn't outsourced so much of our labor and productivity to low cost China. And then imagine what the rate of inflation would be as well, if you would factor in all of this increased productivity and efficiency, the natural tendencies of which are to make prices go lower as society gets more productive, but instead they've gone higher. So when you adjust for some of these factors, you just can't imagine what the true debased purchasing power of the dollar is. It's been happening for a long time. It's inevitable that it's going to continue to happen in the future. So this has been a great chat about the history and us understanding what the powers that be have done to debase our dollar. It's only at what rate we don't know. Russ, tell us more about what you're doing today. You're really out there more as a champion for Main Street in capitalism.   Russell Gray  41:04   I mean, 20 years with Robert and the real estate guys, and it was fantastic. I loved it. I went through a lot, obviously, in 2008 and that changed me a little bit. Took me from kind of being a blocking and tackling, here's how you do real estate, and to really understanding macro and going, you know, it doesn't matter. You can do like I did, and you build this big collection. Big collection of properties and you lose it all in a moment because you don't understand macro. So I said, Okay, I want to champion that cause. And so we did that. And then we saw in the 2012 JOBS Act, the opportunity for capital raisers to go mainstream and advertise for credit investors. And I wrote a report then called the new law breaks Wall Street monopoly. And I felt like that was going to be a huge opportunity, and we pioneered that. But then after my late wife died, and I had a chance to spend some time alone during COVID, and I thought, life is short. What do I really want to accomplish before I go? And then I began looking at what was going on in the world. I see now a couple of things that are both opportunities and challenges or causes to be championed. And one is the mega trend that I believe the world is going you know, some people call it a fourth turning whatever. I don't consider that kind of we have to fall off a cliff as Destiny type of thing to be like cast in stone. But what I do see is that people are sick and tired of monopolies. We're sick and tired of big tech, we're sick and tired of big media, we're sick and tired of big government. We're sick and tired of big corporations, we don't want it, and big banks, right? So you got the rise of Bitcoin, you got people trying to get out from underneath the Western hegemony, as we've been talking about decentralization of everything. Our country was founded on the concept of decentralization, and so people don't understand that, right? It used to be everything was centralized. All powers in the king. Real Estate meant royal property. That's what real estate it's not like real asset, like tangible it's royal estate. It's royal property. Everything belonged to the king, and you just got to work it like a serf. And then you got to keep 75% in your produce, and you sent 25% you sent 25% through all the landlords, the land barons, and all the people in the hierarchy that fed on running things for the king, but you didn't own anything. Our founder set that on, turn that upside down, and said, No, no, no, no, no, it's not the king that's sovereign. It's the individual. The individual is sovereign. It isn't the monarchy, it's the individual states. And so we're going to bring the government, small. The central government small has only got a couple of obligations, like protect the borders, facilitate interstate commerce, and let's just have one common currency so that we can do business together. Other than that, like, the state's just going to run the show. Of course, Lincoln kind of blew that up, and it's gotten a lot worse after FDR, so I feel like we're under this big decentralization movement, and I think Main Street capitalism is the manifestation of that. If you want to decentralize capitalism, the gig economy, if you want to be a guy like you, and you can run your whole business off your laptop with a microphone and a camera, you know, in today's day and age with technology, people have tasted the freedom of decentralization. So I think the rise of the entrepreneur, I think the ability to go build a real asset portfolio and get out of the casinos of Wall Street. I think right now, if we are successful in bringing back these huge amounts of investment, Trump's already announced like two and a half or $3 trillion of investment, people are complaining, oh, the world is selling us. Well, they're selling stocks and they're selling but they're putting the money actually into creating businesses here in the United States that's going to create that primary driver, as you well know, in real estate, that's going to create the secondary and tertiary businesses, and the properties they're going to use all kinds of Main Street opportunity are going to grow around that. I lived in Silicon Valley, when a company would get funded, it wasn't just a company that prospered, it was everything around that company, right? All these companies. I remember when Apple started. I remember when Hewlett Packard, it was big, but it got a lot bigger, right there. I watched all that happen in Silicon Valley. I think that's going to happen again. I think we're at the front end of that. And so that's super exciting. Wave. The second thing that is super important is this raising capitalist project. And the reason I'm doing it is because if we don't train our next generation in the principles of capitalism and the freedom that it how it decentralizes Their personal economy, and they get excited about Bitcoin, but that's not productive. I'm not putting it down. I'm just saying it's not productive. You have to be productive. You want to have a decentralized currency. Yes, you want to decentralize productivity. That's Main Street capitalism. If kids who never get a chance to be in the productive economy get to vote at 1819, 2021, 22 before they've ever earned a paycheck, before they have any idea, never run a business. Somebody tells them, hey, those guys that have all that money and property, they cheated. It's not fair. We need to take from them. We need to limit them, not thinking, Oh, well, if I do that, when I get to be there, that what I'm voting for is going to get on me. Right now, Keith, there are kids in ninth grade who are going to vote for your next president, right?   Keith Weinhold  45:56   And they think capitalism is evil. This is part of what you're doing with the raising capitalists project, helping younger people think differently. Russ, I have one last thing to ask you. This has to do with the capitalism that you're championing on your platforms now. And real estate, I continue to see sometimes I get comments on my YouTube channel, especially maybe it's more and more people increasingly saying, Hey, I think housing should be a human right. So talk to us about that. And maybe it's interesting, Russ, if I take the other side of it and play devil's advocate, people who think housing is a human right, they say something like, the idea is that housing, you know, it's a fundamental need, just like food and clean water and health care are without stable housing. It's incredibly hard for a person to access opportunities like work and education or health care or participate meaningfully in society at all. So government ought to provide housing for everybody. What are your thoughts there?   Russell Gray  46:54   Well, it's inherently inflationary, which is the root cause of the entire problem. So anytime you create consumption without production, you're going to have more consumers than producers, and so you're going to have more competition for those goods. The net, net truth of what happens in that scenario are shortages everywhere. Every civilization that's ever tried any form of system where people just get things for free because they need them, end up with shortages in poverty. It doesn't lift everybody. It ruins everything. I mean, that's not conjecture. That's history, and so that's just the way it works. And if you just were to land somebody on a desert island and you had an economy of one, they're going to learn really quick the basic principles of capitalism, which is production always precedes consumption, always 100% of the time, right? If you're there on that desert island and you don't hunt fish or gather, you don't eat, right? You don't get it because, oh, it's a human right to have food. Nope, it's a human right to have the right to go get food. Otherwise, you're incarcerated, you have to have the freedom of movement to go do something to provide for yourself, but you cannot allow people to consume without production. So everybody has to produce. And you know, if you go back to the Plymouth Rock experiment, if you're familiar with that at all, yeah, yeah. So you know, just for anybody who doesn't know, when the Pilgrims came over here in the 1600s William Bradford was governor, and they tried it. They said, Hey, we're here. Let's Stick Together All for one and one for all. Here's the land. Everybody get up every day and work. Everybody works, and everybody eats. They starved. And so he goes, Okay, guys, new plan. All right, you wine holds. See this little plot of land, that's yours. You work it. You can eat whatever you produce. Over there, you grace. You're going to do yours and Johnson's, you're going to do yours, right? Well, what happened is now everybody got up and worked, and they created more than enough for their own family, and they had an abundance. And the abundance was created out of their hunger. When they went to serve their own needs, they created abundance forever others. That's the premise of capitalism. It's not the perfect system. There is no perfect system. We live in a world where human beings have to work before they get to eat. When I say eat, it could be having a roof over their head. It could be having clothes. It could be going on vacation. It could be having a nice car. It could be getting health care. It doesn't matter what it is, whatever it is you need. You have the right, or should have, the right, in a free system to go earn that by being productive, but the minute somebody comes and says, Oh, you worked, and I'm going to take what you produced and give it to somebody else who didn't, that's patently unfair, but economically, it's disastrous, because it incentivizes people not to work, which creates less production, more consumption. I have another analogy with sandwich makers, but you can imagine that if you got a group if you got a group of people making sandwiches, one guy starts creating coupons for sandwiches. Well then if somebody says, Okay, well now we got 19 people providing for 20. That's okay, but then all the guys making sandwiches. Why making sandwiches? I'm gonna get the coupon business pretty soon. You got 18 guys doing coupons, only two making sandwiches. Not. Have sandwiches to go around all the sandwiches cost tons of coupons because we got way more financialization than productivity, right? That's the American economy. We have to fix that. We can't have people making money by just trading on other people's productivity. We have to have people actually being productive. This is what I believe the administration is trying to do, rebuild the middle class, rebuild that manufacturing base, make us a truly productive economy, and then you don't have to worry about these things, right? We're going to create abundance. And if you don't have the inflation is which is coming from printing money out of thin air and giving to people who don't produce, then housing, all sudden, becomes affordable. It's not a problem. Health care becomes affordable. Everything becomes affordable because you create abundance, because everybody's producing the system is fundamentally broken. Now we have to learn how to profit in it in its current state, which is what you teach people how to do. We also have to realize that it's not sustainable. We're on an unsustainable path, and we're probably nearing that event horizon, the path of no return, where the system is going to break. And the question is, is, how are you going to be prepared for it when it happens? Number two, are you going to be wise enough to advocate when you get a chance to cast a vote or make your voice heard for something that's actually going to create prosperity and freedom versus something that's going to create scarcity and oppression? And that's the fundamental thing that we have to master as a society. We got to get to our youth, because they're the biggest demographic that can blow the thing up, and they're the ones that have been being indoctrinated the worst.   Keith Weinhold  51:29   Yes, Fed Chair Jerome Powell himself said that we live in a economic system today that is unsustainable. Yes, the collectivism we touched on quickly descends into the tyranny of the majority. And in my experience, historically, the success of public housing projects has been or to mixed at best, residents often don't respect the property when they don't have an equity stake in it or even a security deposit tied up in it, and blight and high crime rates have often followed with these public housing projects. When you go down that path of making housing as a human right, like you said earlier, you have a right to go procure housing for yourself, just not to ask others to pay for it for you. Well, Russ, this has been great. It's good to have your voice back on the show. Here again, here on a real estate show. If people want to connect with you, continue to see what you've been up to and the good projects that you're working on, promoting the virtues of capitalism. What's the best way for them to do that?   Russell Gray  52:31   I think just send an email to follow at Russell Gray, R, U, S, S, E, L, L, G, R, A, y.com, let you know where I am on social media. I'll let you know when I put out new content. I'll let you know when I'm a guest on somebody somebody's show and I'm on the cusp of getting my own show finally launched. I've been doing a lot of planning to get that out, but I'm excited about it because I do think, like I said, The time is now, and I think the marketplace is ripe, and I do speak Main Street and macro, and I hope I can add a nuance to the conversation that will add value to people.   Keith Weinhold  53:00   Russ, it's been valuable as always. Thanks so much for coming back onto the show. Thanks, Keith.   Yeah, terrific, historic outline from Russ about the long term decline of the dollar. It's really a fresh reminder and motivator to keep being that savvy borrower. Of course, real estate investors have access to borrow giant sums of dollars and short the currency that lay people do not. In fact, lay people don't even understand that it's a viable strategy at all. Like he touched on, Russ has really been bringing an awareness about how decentralization is such a powerful force that reshapes society. In fact, he was talking about that the last time that I saw him in person a few months ago. Notably, he touched on Nixon era wage and price controls. Don't you find it interesting? Fascinating, really, how a few weeks ago, Trump told Walmart not to pass tariff induced price increases onto their customers. Well, that's a form of price control that we're seeing today to our point, when we had the father of Reaganomics, David Stockman here on the show, five weeks ago, tariffs are already government intervention into the free market, and then a president telling private companies how to set their prices, that is really strong government overreach. I mean, I can't believe that more people aren't talking about this. Maybe that's just because this cycle started with Walmart, and that's just doesn't happen to be a company that people feel sorry for. Hey, well, I look forward to meeting you in person in Miami in just four days, as I'll be a faculty member for when we kick off the terrific real estate guys Investor Summit and see and really getting to know you, because we're going to spend nine days together. Teaching, learning and having a great time on a cruise ship in the Caribbean. Until then, I'm your host. Keith Weinhold, don't quit your Daydream.   Speaker 3  55:13   Nothing on this show should be considered specific, personal or professional advice. Please consult an appropriate tax, legal, real estate, financial or business professional for individualized advice. Opinions of guests are their own. Information is not guaranteed. All investment strategies have the potential for profit or loss. The host is operating on behalf of get rich Education LLC, exclusively.   Keith Weinhold  55:36   You know whatever you want, the best written real estate and finance info. Oh, geez, today's experience limits your free articles access and it's got pay walls and pop ups and push notifications and cookies disclaimers. It's not so great. So then it's vital to place nice, clean, free content into your hands that adds no hype value to your life. That's why this is the golden age of quality newsletters, and I write every word of ours myself. It's got a dash of humor, and it's to the point because even the word abbreviation is too long, my letter usually takes less than three minutes to read. And when you start the letter, you also get my one hour fast real estate video. Course, it's all completely free. It's called the Don't quit your Daydream letter. It wires your mind for wealth, and it couldn't be easier for you to get it right now. Just text. GRE to 66866, while it's on your mind, take a moment to do it right now. Text, GRE to 66866   The preceding program was brought to you by your home for wealth, building, getricheducation.com.

After talking last week about his government's achievements in the social sphere, this episode looks at the difficulties Wilson faced in economics and foreign affairs.One way Wilson explored to address economic problems was to make a second application for Britain's entry to the Common market, then called the European Economic Community and now the European Union. However, like Macmillan before him, he ran into the immovable obstacle of de Gaulle, despite believing like Trump that he could overcome opposition by personal conversation with political leaders.He had the same disappointment in personal negotiations twice more. Once waswith the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, the second in his offer to mediate over the Vietnam War between US President Johnson and the Soviet Premier Kosygin.He did have some success, though it attracted him more ridicule than admiration, in the military intervention he authorised on the tiny Caribbean island of Anguilla and which came to be mocked as ‘the Bay of Piglets'.On the domestic front he'd long balanced the leadership ambitions of Jim Callaghan against those of George Brown. After Brown's departure, he did the same with Callaghan and Roy Jenkins. His hold on office came under threat as his public credibility sank. The threat intensified following the controversy over the proposals to control union activity through the courts, outlined in the paper ‘In Place of Strife'. Surprisingly advanced by a leftwinger, Barbara Castle, and backed by Wilson, it seemed to fly in the face of the rationale of Labour's very existence, founded as it had been to defend the unions.Eventually the proposals were dropped. Then with better economic news Labour began to climb in the polls. Encouraged, Wilson called a general election in June 1970. But it turned out that any optimism generated by the opinion pollsters was illusory.Ted Heath's Conservatives won the election and formed a new government.Incidentally, the German translation of the podcast has now moved past the Tudors and is now dealing with the Stuarts. It's available at:https://open.spotify.com/show/08M357CvtiWJsnEGyxitco?si=64613c2919df4a27Illustration: the kind of military action we can all appreciate. British forces restoring order in Anguilla in the 1969 ‘Bay of Piglets' operation (from Anguilla Police Unit 1969... By: Taff Bowen (AKA "Dickiebo"))Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Aujourd'hui, dans Écho, on vous emmène au cœur de l'un des grands projets navals français du XXIème siècle : le futur porte-avions de nouvelle génération, le PA-Ng.En 2038, le Charles de Gaulle quittera le service après près de quatre décennies de service opérationnel. Pour lui succéder et prolonger une aventure aéronavale française ininterrompue depuis les opérations d'Indochine, la France prépare depuis plusieurs années un bâtiment de combat d'un genre nouveau : le PA-Ng, pour Porte-Avions de Nouvelle Génération.Plus grand, plus puissant, mais aussi agile et plus moderne, ce futur fleuron naval sera le fer de lance de la Marine nationale jusqu'à l'horizon 2080.Ce programme, à la fois militaire, technologique et industriel, est stratégique pour la France. Il vise à conserver une capacité de projection aéronavale de tout premier plan pour préserver les intérêts de la nation, dans un monde plus instable, plus contesté, où les océans redeviennent des lieux de confrontation.Mais à quoi sert un porte-avions aujourd'hui ? Pourquoi le remplacer ? Que va changer le PA-Ng, concrètement, pour les marins et pour la stratégie navale française ?Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons le plaisir de recevoir le capitaine de vaisseau Lavernhe, ancien commandant en second du porte-avions Charles de Gaulle et actuellement officier de programme PA-Ng à l'état-major de la Marine.Bonne écoute !Crédit audio : Upbeat Gospel Trap by Infraction [No Copyright Music] / Feel So GoodVous en voulez plus ? Retrouvez l'intégralité des publications du Centre d'études stratégique de la Marine sur notre site : ⁠⁠Centre d'études stratégiques de la Marine (CESM) | Ministère des ArméesN'hésitez pas aussi à vous abonner au podcast et à nous faire part de vos retours à l'adresse mail : ⁠podcast.cesm@gmail.com

Ils se nomment Roger Tessier, Paul Comiti, Henri Djouder et René Auvray, ce dernier remplacé en 1963, par le célèbre Raymond Sasia. Ils ont été les gardes du corps du général de Gaulle pendant 10 ans. Ce sont les gorilles du général, nom repris pour leur ouvrage graphique, par Julien Telo, illustrateur et Xavier Dorison, scénariste de télé, de cinéma, et de BD. Les gorilles du général est paru chez Casterman, et retrace de manière romancée, l'histoire des 4 hommes, qui ont mis leurs pas dans ceux du général de Gaulle, entre 1959 et 1969, date à laquelle il se retire de ses fonctions. Une séquence réalisée par Christine Pinchart Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:02:25 - BD Bande dessinée - par : Jean-Christophe OGIER - Xavier Dorison et Julien Telo réinventent les quatre gardes du corps du général de Gaulle, comme Alexandre Dumas le fit des trois mousquetaires. Pour faire vivre la grande histoire à travers ses péripéties.

Sujets traités : Le Ballon d'Alsace, aux confins du Haut-Rhin, des Vosges et du Territoire de Belfort, pourrait bientôt rejoindre les plus beaux paysages de France. Le site naturel de 18 000 hectares vise le prestigieux label “Grand Site de France” d'ici 2026. Un projet mûri depuis plus de dix ans par le Parc naturel régional du Ballon des Vosges, qui veut conjuguer développement économique et préservation de l'environnement. Entre août 2024 et juin 2025, près de 50 000 randonneurs ont arpenté les sentiers du Ballon d‘Alsace.Un vaste trafic international de cocaïne a été démantelé mardi dans le Grand-Est. L'enquête, menée depuis août 2024 par l'Office anti-stupéfiants de Mulhouse, a permis la saisie spectaculaire de 187 kilos de cocaïne en provenance du Mexique, transitant par l'aéroport Roissy-Charles de Gaulle. Une dizaine de personnes ont été interpellées au fil des mois, principalement à Mulhouse, Montbéliard, Belfort et à Strasbourg, où un détenu est soupçonné d'avoir participé au réseau. Les arrestations se sont succédé depuis fin 2024, avec plusieurs saisies majeures, dont 100 kilos dans une camionnette, 70 kilos et 9 000 euros dans un utilitaire, et des munitions retrouvées lors de perquisitions.Un appel aux dons pour le centre de soins de la LPO de Rosenwiller. En pleine période de reproduction, la Ligue de protection des oiseaux d'Alsace compte sur la générosité de la population pour venir en aide aux nombreux animaux blessés arrivant au refuge. On en a déjà compté 1 500 au mois de mai, et il y en aura encore un autre millier chaque mois, en juin, juillet et août. Plus de renseignements sur le site internet alsace.lpo.fr.Du dimanche 27 avril au jeudi 22 mai dernier, le Sélestadien Geoffrey Feldner a pédalé le long des côtes de la péninsule ibérique dans le cadre d'un troisième projet caritatif en faveur de l'association Petits Princes, qui accompagne les enfants malades à réaliser leurs rêves. Le Sélestadien revient sur son parcours, dont la dernière étape s'est montrée assez corsée. La cagnotte en faveur de l'association Petits Princes est toujours ouverte et est à retrouver sur le site internet collecter.petitsprinces.com. Vous pouvez aussi revivre les différentes étapes de ce projet grâce à notre article, sur azur-fm.com.Ce vendredi à Sélestat, le film Différente sera projeté en avant-première, en partenariat avec l'association TypikAtypik. Cette soirée mettra en lumière l'autisme au féminin et les troubles du neuro-développement, souvent diagnostiqués tardivement. Un débat suivra la projection, en présence de membres de la Communauté Professionnelle Territoriale de Santé et de l'association, pour échanger autour de ces réalités encore trop invisibles. Les précisions de Marie-Caroline Braud, référente de l'association TypiK'AtypiK Centre Alsace. Cet événement a pour ambition de sensibiliser, briser l'isolement et promouvoir une société plus inclusive. La sortie nationale du film Différente est quant à elle prévue le mercredi 11 juin prochain.De son vrai nom Jean-Paul Leconte, le tueur de la somme il a été condamné à deux ans de prison ferme par le tribunal correctionnel de Colmar hier. Détenu à Ensisheim depuis plus de 12 ans, il avait été condamné à deux reprises à la réclusion criminelle à perpétuité pour le meurtre de deux femmes. Cette fois, c'est pour dénonciation calomnieuse qu'il s'est retrouvé devant la justice.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

En novembre 2024, le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle quittait Toulon, cap à l'est. À ses côtés : 3 frégates d'escorte, un bâtiment ravitailleur de forces, un sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque, plusieurs bâtiments alliés. Et une mission : celle du groupe aéronaval, cœur battant de la puissance maritime française. Pendant plus de cinq mois, ce groupe a traversé la Méditerranée, la mer Rouge, l'océan Indien et l'océan Pacifique, dans un environnement marqué par une forte instabilité. Guerre à Gaza, tensions régionales, attaques en mer Rouge, menaces hybrides et affrontement stratégique global : Clémenceau 25 s'est déployée au cœur des crises contemporaines. Mais au-delà de la géopolitique, ce déploiement interallié a été une démonstration concrète des savoir-faire de la Marine : coopération opérationnelle, projection de puissance, gestion du temps long, et adaptation permanente. Alors, que retenir de cette mission hors norme ? Quelles leçons tactiques, humaines et stratégiques en tirer pour demain ? Et comment un groupe aéronaval se prépare-t-il à agir, dans un monde toujours plus instable et contesté ? Pour en parler, nous avons le plaisir d'accueillir le Contre-amiral Jacques Mallard, commandant de la force aéromaritime de réaction rapide et du groupe aéronaval. Il a dirigé cette mission de bout en bout, depuis l'état-major du Charles de Gaulle. Bonne écoute !Crédit audio : Upbeat Gospel Trap by Infraction [No Copyright Music] / Feel So GoodVous en voulez plus ? Retrouvez l'intégralité des publications du Centre d'études stratégique de la Marine sur notre site : ⁠⁠Centre d'études stratégiques de la Marine (CESM) | Ministère des ArméesN'hésitez pas aussi à vous abonner au podcast et à nous faire part de vos retours à l'adresse mail : ⁠podcast.cesm@gmail.com

Le 4 juin 1958, Charles de Gaulle prononce un discours majeur, appelant à une réforme profonde des institutions françaises. Face à la crise algérienne et à l'instabilité politique, il propose la création d'une nouvelle Constitution, posant les bases de la Ve République. Ce discours marque un tournant dans l'histoire politique de la France. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Revivez le retour décisif du général de Gaulle en mai 1958, en pleine crise algérienne. Un épisode clé qui a façonné la Cinquième République et marqué l'histoire de France.Notre équipe a utilisé un outil d'Intelligence artificielle via les technologies d'Audiomeans© pour accompagner la création de ce contenu écrit.En 2025, Europe 1 célèbre ses 70 ans. 70 ans d'histoire, de rires, de partages et d'émotions.Pour marquer cet anniversaire, découvrez une collection inédite de podcasts : "70 ans d'Europe 1".Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Retour sur le discours prononcé par le général de Gaulle le 4 juin 1958 à Alger, qui a marqué un tournant dans la guerre d'Algérie et le processus d'indépendance du pays.Notre équipe a utilisé un outil d'Intelligence artificielle via les technologies d'Audiomeans© pour accompagner la création de ce contenu écrit.En 2025, Europe 1 célèbre ses 70 ans. 70 ans d'histoire, de rires, de partages et d'émotions.Pour marquer cet anniversaire, découvrez une collection inédite de podcasts : "70 ans d'Europe 1".Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:58:16 - LSD, la série documentaire - par : Cyril Marchan - Imaginée par Charles de Gaulle pour encadrer le travail du Parlement, l'institution s'est muée en une véritable juridiction garante des droits et libertés inscrits dans la Constitution. - réalisation : Véronique Samouiloff

durée : 00:06:48 - La Terre au carré - par : Mathieu Vidard - Dans les dix dernières minutes de l'émission, Thibaut Sardier de Libération évoque la consultation de l'aéroport Charles-de-Gaulle sur son avenir et sa mue écologique...tout en accompagnant une hausse du trafic aérien, ainsi que vos messages laissés sur le répondeur de l'émission. - réalisé par : Jérôme BOULET

durée : 00:02:06 - Le vrai ou faux - La phrase, prononcée par Lila Djellali, élue écologiste du 20e arrondissement de Paris et partagée massivement sur les réseaux sociaux, est une réécriture déformée et inexacte d'un propos tenu en 1967.

In this episode of Battleground '45, Patrick Bishop and Saul David transport us back to the immediate aftermath of World War II. The celebrations are over, and the monumental task of rebuilding has begun. For Britain, it was a moment of hope and determination to forge a better society out of the ashes of conflict, fuelled by a unique sense of national solidarity. Whilst across the Channel, France faced an even more daunting challenge. Bitterly divided by war, could Charles de Gaulle's coalition hold, and how would the nation heal? Meanwhile, for Germany, the future was uncertain and fraught with the enormity of its crimes. What price would the defeated nation pay? And as the smoke cleared across the globe, two giants emerged: the USA and The Soviet Union. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - battlegroundukraine@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X: @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Stéphane Bern raconte, à l'occasion de la Journée nationale de la Résistance, célébrée ce 27 mai, en référence à la première réunion du Conseil national de la Résistance qui s'est tenue le 27 mai 1943 pour unifier les principaux mouvements français, le destin de Jean Moulin, le résistant qui, à la demande du général de Gaulle, en a fait son oeuvre… Comment Jean Moulin est-il parvenu à unifier les différents mouvements de la Résistance intérieure française ? Quel est le contenu du programme adopté par le CNR le 15 mars 1944 ? L'union née de la Résistance a-t-elle perduré après la guerre ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Fabrice Grenard, historien, chef du département recherche et pédagogie à la Fondation de la Résistance et auteur de "Jean Moulin, héros de la Résistance" (Tallandier, collection Texto) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Loïc Vimard. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Simon Veille. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Stéphane Bern raconte, à l'occasion de la Journée nationale de la Résistance, célébrée ce 27 mai, en référence à la première réunion du Conseil national de la Résistance qui s'est tenue le 27 mai 1943 pour unifier les principaux mouvements français, le destin de Jean Moulin, le résistant qui, à la demande du général de Gaulle, en a fait son oeuvre… Comment Jean Moulin est-il parvenu à unifier les différents mouvements de la Résistance intérieure française ? Quel est le contenu du programme adopté par le CNR le 15 mars 1944 ? L'union née de la Résistance a-t-elle perduré après la guerre ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Fabrice Grenard, historien, chef du département recherche et pédagogie à la Fondation de la Résistance et auteur de "Jean Moulin, héros de la Résistance" (Tallandier, collection Texto) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Loïc Vimard. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Simon Veille. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Fluent Fiction - French: Taking Flight: A Journey of Courage and Discovery Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-05-27-22-34-02-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Le matin était clair et doux au printemps, et l'aéroport Charles de Gaulle était rempli de voyageurs pressés.En: The morning was clear and mild in the spring, and Aéroport Charles de Gaulle was filled with hurried travelers.Fr: Les annonces résonnaient dans l'air.En: Announcements echoed in the air.Fr: Julien serrait ses billets, le cœur battant fort.En: Julien clutched his tickets, his heart pounding strongly.Fr: Aujourd'hui, il partait pour un programme d'échange au Canada.En: Today, he was leaving for an exchange program in Canada.Fr: C'était à la fois effrayant et excitant.En: It was both frightening and exciting.Fr: Camille, son meilleur ami, était à ses côtés.En: Camille, his best friend, was by his side.Fr: « Tu as de la chance », dit-elle avec un sourire un peu forcé.En: "You're lucky," she said with a slightly forced smile.Fr: Elle était contente pour Julien, mais une petite partie d'elle était jalouse.En: She was happy for Julien, but a small part of her was jealous.Fr: « C'est une grande aventure.En: "It's a big adventure."Fr: » Élise, la sœur de Julien, vérifiait que son frère avait bien tout pris.En: Élise, Julien's sister, was checking to make sure her brother had everything.Fr: « N'oublie pas ton passeport !En: "Don't forget your passport!"Fr: » Elle avait toujours été son modèle, libre et courageuse.En: She had always been his role model, free and courageous.Fr: Aujourd'hui, elle encourageait Julien à suivre ses pas.En: Today, she was encouraging Julien to follow in her footsteps.Fr: Le hall principal de l'aéroport était animé.En: The main hall of the airport was lively.Fr: Les voyageurs allaient et venaient, les valises roulaient sur le sol.En: Travelers were coming and going, suitcases rolled on the floor.Fr: L'odeur du café remplissait l'air.En: The smell of coffee filled the air.Fr: Julien inspirait profondément, sentant l'agitation autour de lui.En: Julien took a deep breath, feeling the bustle around him.Fr: C'était le moment de partir à l'aventure, de quitter sa zone de confort.En: It was time to go on an adventure, to leave his comfort zone.Fr: « Je suis nerveux », avoua-t-il enfin.En: "I'm nervous," he finally admitted.Fr: Camille le regarda avec compréhension.En: Camille looked at him with understanding.Fr: Elle posa une main réconfortante sur son épaule.En: She placed a comforting hand on his shoulder.Fr: « Ça va bien se passer.En: "It will be okay.Fr: Tu es prêt.En: You're ready.Fr: Pense à toutes les choses que tu vas découvrir.En: Think about all the things you're going to discover."Fr: » Julien sourit faiblement.En: Julien smiled faintly.Fr: Il devait surmonter sa peur.En: He had to overcome his fear.Fr: Il voulait embrasser cette opportunité.En: He wanted to embrace this opportunity.Fr: Quand le dernier appel pour son vol retentit, son cœur s'accéléra encore une fois.En: When the final call for his flight sounded, his heart raced once again.Fr: « Je peux le faire », pensa-t-il.En: "I can do it," he thought.Fr: Il se tourna vers Élise, qui le regardait avec fierté.En: He turned to Élise, who was watching him proudly.Fr: Elle savait combien ce moment était important pour lui.En: She knew how important this moment was for him.Fr: Camille, voyant sa détermination, sentit sa jalousie s'évanouir.En: Camille, seeing his determination, felt her jealousy vanish.Fr: Elle était réellement heureuse pour son ami.En: She was genuinely happy for her friend.Fr: Julien prit une grande inspiration et se dirigea vers la porte d'embarquement.En: Julien took a deep breath and headed towards the boarding gate.Fr: En franchissant la porte, il se sentit rempli d'un nouveau courage.En: As he passed through the door, he felt filled with new courage.Fr: Il allait explorer un nouveau monde et, surtout, il savait qu'il reviendrait changé.En: He was going to explore a new world and, most importantly, he knew he would return changed.Fr: Camille agita la main en signe d'au revoir, cette fois avec un vrai sourire.En: Camille waved goodbye, this time with a real smile.Fr: Élise regardait son frère avec les yeux brillants de soutien.En: Élise watched her brother with eyes shining with support.Fr: Leurs paroles d'encouragement résonnaient dans son cœur alors qu'il avançait.En: Their words of encouragement resonated in his heart as he moved forward.Fr: L'avion décolla bientôt, emportant Julien vers une expérience qui le transformerait.En: The plane soon took off, carrying Julien towards an experience that would transform him.Fr: Pendant le vol, il laissa ses inquiétudes derrière lui.En: During the flight, he left his worries behind.Fr: Il s'engageait dans une nouvelle aventure avec confiance et enthousiasme.En: He was embarking on a new adventure with confidence and enthusiasm.Fr: Dans les cieux clairs, il voyait l'avenir avec optimisme et détermination.En: In the clear skies, he saw the future with optimism and determination.Fr: Le voyage ne faisait que commencer.En: The journey was only beginning. Vocabulary Words:the announcement: l'annonceto clutch: serrerto echo: résonnerfrightening: effrayantthe heart: le cœurthe exchange program: le programme d'échangethe jealousy: la jalousiethe role model: le modèlecourageous: courageuxanimate: animéthe suitcase: la valiseto roll: roulerthe comfort zone: la zone de confortto admit: avouerthe determination: la déterminationto overcome: surmonterto embrace: embrasserthe opportunity: l'opportunitéto vanish: s'évanouirto encourage: encouragerthe boarding gate: la porte d'embarquementto pass through: franchirto transform: transformerthe departure: le décollagethe worry: l'inquiétudethe confidence: la confiancethe enthusiasm: l'enthousiasmeto resonate: résonnerto breathe: inspirerto glance: regarder

Cette semaine, dans un nouveau numéro d'Idées, Pierre-Édouard Deldique s'intéresse au programme fondateur du CNR avec son invitée, Claire Andrieu, historienne, spécialiste de l'après-guerre, coordinatrice du livre intitulé « Conseil national de la résistance » paru dans la collection Folio Histoire (Gallimard). Un livre de référence désormais. Devenu « mythique » avec les années, le Conseil national de la résistance a été fondé en 1943 alors que la France est placée sous le régime de Vichy. Sous l'autorité du général de Gaulle, les hommes qui le composent rédigent un programme des jours heureux, distribué clandestinement par le journal « Libération ». 200 000 exemplaires sont écoulés, et une fois la paix obtenue, certaines de ses mesures, comme la Sécurité sociale, sont mises en place.Dans son nouvel ouvrage, Claire Andrieu aborde ce programme dans « l'espace et le temps ». Comment a-t-il impacté la France et ses voisins ? De quoi s'inspire-t-il ? Qu'en reste-t-il aujourd'hui ?Autant de questions qu'elle aborde avec Pierre-Édouard Deldique durant ce nouvel épisode d'Idées, le magazine qui interroge celles et ceux qui pensent le monde.Lien utile.  Programmation musicale :- Ben Selvin and his orchestra - Happy days are here again- Georges Gosset - Eh Hop On En Sortira.

Cette semaine, dans un nouveau numéro d'Idées, Pierre-Édouard Deldique s'intéresse au programme fondateur du CNR avec son invitée, Claire Andrieu, historienne, spécialiste de l'après-guerre, coordinatrice du livre intitulé « Conseil national de la résistance » paru dans la collection Folio Histoire (Gallimard). Un livre de référence désormais. Devenu « mythique » avec les années, le Conseil national de la résistance a été fondé en 1943 alors que la France est placée sous le régime de Vichy. Sous l'autorité du général de Gaulle, les hommes qui le composent rédigent un programme des jours heureux, distribué clandestinement par le journal « Libération ». 200 000 exemplaires sont écoulés, et une fois la paix obtenue, certaines de ses mesures, comme la Sécurité sociale, sont mises en place.Dans son nouvel ouvrage, Claire Andrieu aborde ce programme dans « l'espace et le temps ». Comment a-t-il impacté la France et ses voisins ? De quoi s'inspire-t-il ? Qu'en reste-t-il aujourd'hui ?Autant de questions qu'elle aborde avec Pierre-Édouard Deldique durant ce nouvel épisode d'Idées, le magazine qui interroge celles et ceux qui pensent le monde.Lien utile.  Programmation musicale :- Ben Selvin and his orchestra - Happy days are here again- Georges Gosset - Eh Hop On En Sortira.

#herkesesanat Füg, kadans, modalite, tonalite... Geçmişten günümüze çok sesli müzik terminolojisi türkçeye nasıl yerleşti, hangi yollarla çevrildi ve bu terimler bugün nasıl kullanılıyor? Prof.Dr. İlke Boran'la çok sesli Batı müziği ve klasik müzik terminolojisini öğreniyoruz. NEDEN İLKE BORAN? 1972 yılında Roma'da doğdu, 1978'de Paris'te ilkokula başladı. 1991'de Ankara'daki Lycée Charles de Gaulle'den mezun oldu. 1996'da Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı Müzikoloji Bölümü'nden lisans, 1999'da yüksek lisans derecesini aldı. 2000 yılında başladığı doktora programını, “Elektronik Müzik'te Analog Dönem ve Bülent Arel'in Stereo Electronic Music No.1” başlıklı teziyle tamamladı. 1995–2004 arasında Açık Radyo'da, 2017–2018'de Elif Damla Yavuz ile birlikte Müzik Pazarı programını hazırladı ve sundu. Radikal, Milliyet Sanat, Andante ve Sanat Dünyamız gibi yayınlarda yazıları yayımlandı. Çok sayıda sempozyum, panel, tiyatro, sergi ve kısa filmde müzik ve ses tasarımı yaptı. 1998–2013 arasında Prof. Filiz Ali ile Ayvalık Uluslararası Müzik Akademisi'nin kuruluşunda ve etkinliklerinde yer aldı. 1998'den beri Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi İstanbul Devlet Konservatuvarı'nda öğretim üyesi olarak görev yapıyor. 2011'de Yardımcı Doçent, 2017'de Doçent, 2025'te Profesör unvanını aldı. Ayrıca Sabancı ve Marmara üniversitelerinde ders verdi. NEDEN HERKESE SANAT? Uzak durduğumuz sanat dallarıyla, sanatçı, akademisyen, eleştirmen, sanat tarihçi, kültür-sanat yazarı, küratör ve kıdemli seyirci rehberliğinde tanışıyor, o sanat dalının seyircisi olmayı öğreniyoruz. Çünkü anlamak için tanışmak gerekir. Tanışırsak, anlayabiliriz, sevebiliriz. Nacide Berber her sanat dalını, bilenlere soruyor, prodüktör Cengiz Saral yayına hazırlıyor. Herkese Sanat cumartesi günü saat 12.30'da, tekrarı pazar günü 18.30'da NTVRadyo'da. Programın ses kayıtlarını, radyoda yayınlandıktan sonra, kaçıranlar ve tekrar dinlemek isteyenler için ntvradyo.com.tr adresine ve podcast platformlarına yüklüyoruz. İstediğiniz zaman istediğiniz yerde dinlemeniz için.

The Dollar Standard, Global Liquidity, and the Coming Economic Reckoning In my expansive and highly accessible conversation with renowned economist Richard Duncan, we discuss the logic behind his long-running critique of the international monetary system, a system Richard calls the Dollar Standard where he explains why current U.S. policy moves, the system could come crashing down.   The Origins of the Dollar Standard and America's “Exorbitant Privilege” The Dollar Standard, Duncan explains, evolved out of the collapse of the Bretton Woods system (implemented after WWII) in 1971. Under Bretton Woods, currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was pegged to gold. But when other countries accumulated more dollars than the U.S. had gold, President Nixon suspended dollar convertibility, effectively ending the gold standard.   What replaced it was a floating currency regime and the birth of the Dollar Standard. Crucially, the U.S. began running persistent trade deficits, importing goods and sending dollars abroad. These dollars, in turn, were recycled by foreign central banks, especially in trade surplus countries like China and Japan, into U.S. dollar-denominated assets, primarily Treasuries, but also equities and real estate.   This loop, Duncan argues, created America's “exorbitant privilege”: the ability to fund government spending and consumer imports at artificially low interest rates, because foreign buyers are constantly reinvesting in U.S. debt and assets.   The phrase "exorbitant privilege" was first coined by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who later became President of France, but at the time was serving as France's Minister of Finance under President Charles de Gaulle in the 1960s.   He used the term to criticize the unique advantages enjoyed by the United States under the Bretton Woods system, particularly the ability to run persistent deficits by issuing debt in its own currency (the U.S. dollar), while foreign nations had to hold and use those dollars to trade and build reserves.   Giscard and de Gaulle saw this as an unfair financial hegemony that allowed the U.S. to “live beyond its means” at the expense of others. The phrase was intended as a critique but, ironically, it's now often used in a neutral or even admiring tone by economists.   How Global Credit Became a Bubble Machine Duncan makes the case that this system, while benefiting the U.S. enormously, has been fundamentally destabilizing for the rest of the world.   As surplus countries absorb dollar inflows, their central banks convert them into local currency, often by printing their own money. That liquidity ends up in domestic banking systems, fueling excessive credit growth, asset bubbles, and financial crises.   It happened in Japan in the late 1980s. It triggered the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s. And it helped fuel China's real estate boom and the global credit bubble that preceded the 2008 collapse.   Notably, Duncan predicted the 2008 financial crisis in his 2003 book, The Dollar Crisis, warning that runaway global imbalances would eventually lead to a systemic shock. He now argues that post-2008 bailouts and quantitative easing (QE) only expanded the bubble rather than fixing the problem.   Trump's Trade Doctrine: Potential to Destabilize the System Fast forward to 2025: Trump is back in office, and his administration is moving quickly to reshape global trade.   Duncan's concern is that the Trump administration's effort to eliminate the U.S. trade deficit by imposing high tariffs and pursuing a strategic devaluation of the dollar, undermines the very structure that has sustained U.S. prosperity and global financial stability for decades. Why? Because every U.S. trade deficit is matched by a capital inflow. It's a balance-of-payments identity: if the U.S. runs a $1.1 trillion current account deficit, there must be a $1.1 trillion capital surplus (i.e., inflows) to finance it.   Take that away and you choke off the supply of global liquidity that props up asset prices worldwide.   The Doom Loop: What Happens If Capital Stops Flowing In Duncan walks through the scenario: If tariffs succeed in shrinking the trade deficit, dollars stop flowing abroad. Without those dollars, foreign central banks have fewer reserves to recycle into U.S. assets. This reduces demand for Treasuries, pushing interest rates up. Rising rates crush real estate, stocks, and credit-dependent sectors. Simultaneously, trade-surplus economies face a liquidity crunch, leading to job losses, bankruptcies, and potential financial crises. The result? A global depression triggered not by market excess this time, but by deliberate government policy.   Duncan notes that the Trump administration has already blinked once in rolling back tariffs on China after markets began to seize. But the damage to global confidence in the dollar's stability and America's reliability as a trading partner may already be done.   CRE-Specific Risks For CRE professionals, Duncan's framework suggests several key risks: Interest Rate Volatility: If capital inflows decline, Treasury demand will fall and rates may rise, increasing financing costs and repricing assets downward. Foreign Capital Flight: A weakening dollar and escalating trade tensions could lead to foreign divestment from U.S. real estate, especially in coastal gateway cities where foreign investors are dominant. Liquidity Shock: Reduced global liquidity may tighten credit markets, making debt financing harder to access for new acquisitions or refis. Wealth Effect Reversal: Falling stock prices and higher rates could curb consumer spending and investor confidence, affecting retail, hospitality, and housing-linked CRE. Is There a Way Out? Despite the dire tone, Duncan offers a constructive alternative. In his more recent book, The Money Revolution, he advocates using the U.S. government's borrowing capacity, enabled by dollar dominance and low rates, to invest aggressively in future-focused industries: AI, biotech, quantum computing, green energy.   In short: inflate productively, not destructively. Use fiat-financed public investment to grow out of the debt bubble, rather than letting it implode through austerity or protectionism. But he acknowledges that political will may be lacking and that, without it, the only other option will be another round of massive QE when the next crisis hits.   Final Thought Duncan's message is clear: we are not playing by gold standard rules anymore. The U.S. economy, and the world's, runs on confidence, liquidity, and the flow of capital. Disrupt that system and we may find ourselves testing whether the Fed and Treasury can reflate the bubble one more time. *** You may not agree with Richard's perspective but, as a real estate investor, understanding differing points of view helps in underwriting investment risk by incorporating possible downsides into exit strategies.   This is a fascinating and accessible discussion. Tune in if you want to understand the real risks underpinning your real estate investment decisions in the coming months.   *** In this series, I cut through the noise to examine how shifting macroeconomic forces and rising geopolitical risk are reshaping real estate investing.   With insights from economists, academics, and seasoned professionals, this show helps investors respond to market uncertainty with clarity, discipline, and a focus on downside protection.    Subscribe to my free newsletter for timely updates, insights, and tools to help you navigate today's volatile real estate landscape. You'll get: Straight talk on what happens when confidence meets correction - no hype, no spin, no fluff. Real implications of macro trends for investors and sponsors with actionable guidance. Insights from real estate professionals who've been through it all before. Visit GowerCrowd.com/subscribe Email: adam@gowercrowd.com Call: 213-761-1000    

durée : 00:59:03 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit, Maïwenn Guiziou - Le gaullisme désigne à la fois la pensée et l'action du général de Gaulle. Incarnation d'une “certaine idée de la France”, il n'a eu de cesse d'adapter sa ligne politique au gré des circonstances. À partir des années 1970, le gaullisme devient un héritage disputé au sein de la droite française. - réalisation : Thomas Beau - invités : Pierre Manenti Historien, spécialiste du gaullisme et de la Cinquième République.; Brigitte Gaïti Professeure de sciences politique à l'université Paris I

Last time we looked at the continuing disintegration of the British Empire. In this episode we look at two other key aspects of Macmillan's foreign policy, Britain's relations with the US and with potential European partners.Towards the US, what the experience confirmed is Britain's declining influence and its increasing dependence on, and even subordination to, American policies. Towards Europe, Britain became directly hostile towards the European Economic Community (EEC), trying to build a rival to it in the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). As it became increasingly clear that this was never going to really fly, and as the British economy weakened, Macmillan found himself having to swallow his pride, reverse his position and apply for membership of the EEC after all. To the government's shock, the perception of Britain as increasingly dominated by the United States led to the French president, Charles de Gaulle – never an Anglophile and now increasingly mistrustful – applying the French veto to British accession. To top all that, Macmillan's increasingly battered and unpopular government was further hit by a series of three scandals: John Vassal was found to be an Admiralty employee spying for the Soviet Union; Kim Philby who Macmillan had backed against suspicions that he was a Soviet spy confirmed that he actually was by defecting to Moscow; and the scandal around Christine Keeler and the Secretary of State for War, John Profumo, did even further damage to the government's credibility.By October, Macmillan could stand it no longer and, genuinely not well, he decided to resign as Prime Minister on health grounds.This episode runs a little longer than most, because it also mentions the new German translation of the podcast. It's available at:https://open.spotify.com/show/08M357CvtiWJsnEGyxitco?si=64613c2919df4a27Illustration: Christine Keeler 1963, photograph by Lewis Morley. Keeler claimed that she wasn't actually naked. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Lewis MorleyMusic: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Charles de Gaulle: vita e attività politica del noto generale e poi Presidente della Repubblica francese, figura chiave della storia del '900.

Il y a 80 ans, quelques mois après la Libération, la France se reconstruit et commence à panser les plaies béantes infligées par quatre années d'Occupation. Alors que le régime de Vichy s'effondre et que le GPRF - le Gouvernement Provisoire de la République française est instauré, le général de Gaulle choisit de fédérer une nation fracturée en mettant en avant l'idée d'une France toute entière tournée vers la Résistance contre l'ennemi. Mais la France a-t-elle été majoritairement résistante ? En 1940, les Français n'ont-ils pas majoritairement soutenu Pétain, qui choisissait la collaboration ? Pour évoquer ces questions, Virginie Girod reçoit l'historienne Bénédicte Vergez-Chaignon. Spécialiste de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle a publié de nombreux ouvrages sur la Résistance et l'Occupation.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Tandis que le monde célébrait la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, combien d'Algériens, qui avaient pourtant combattu pour la France, ont été massacrés à Sétif, Guelma et Kherrata ? Mais que s'est-il réellement passé ce jour-là alors que le général de Gaulle venait à peine d'annoncer la capitulation de l'Allemagne nazie à la radio ? De quelle façon les nationalistes algériens se sont-ils manifestés dans les rues ? Et pour quelles raisons les autorités coloniales ont-elles déclenché des représailles sanglantes dans toute la colonie, dont les victimes s'élèvent à plusieurs dizaines de milliers de morts ?  Avec Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, politiste et blogueur, auteur de Racismes d'État, États racistes aux éditions Amsterdam, Coloniser. Exterminer aux éditions Fayard. ► BlogEt Alain Ruscio, historien, auteur de La première guerre d'Algérie aux éditions La Découverte, Nostalgérie aux éditions La Découverte. À écouter aussiMassacres du 8 mai 1945 en Algérie: «Cette histoire demeure très peu enseignée»Remerciements  Maylis Bouffartigue, coordinatrice du festival Histoire(s) de se rencontrer M'hamed Kaki, metteur en scène de la pièce L'autre 8 mai 1945, je me souviens Marie-Myriam Lagny et Leila Khaly, comédiennes Abed Abidat, photographe et auteur du livre : 8 mai 1945 – Tragédie dans le Constantinois Sétif, Guelma, KherrataÀ lire aussiAlgérie : l'autre 8 mai 1945 et les impasses de la mémoire

Emmanuelle Hutin a publié un premier récit remarqué, La Grenade (Stock, 2021). En parallèle de l'écriture, elle est directrice artistique indépendante et enseigne le yoga au profit d'associations caritatives. Son nouveau livre Les francs-tireuses est une fiction qui s'inspire de l'histoire vraie de deux femmes artistes qui ont résisté pendant la guerre avec des actions inédites dans l'Histoire. « Imagine-t-on pareille témérité ? » écrira Claude Cahun après la guerre. Comment croire qu'un couple de femmes artistes, bourgeoises, cinquantenaires, d'origine juive et à la santé fragile, s'élève seul contre les Allemands pendant les quatre années d'occupation de l'île de Jersey ?Claude Cahun est l'une des figures les plus singulières de l'avant-garde artistique parisienne. Avec Suzanne Malherbe, sa compagne de toujours, elle adhère et participe activement au mouvement surréaliste et révolutionnaire antifasciste. Mais c'est sur l'île de Jersey, où elles s'installent en 1938, que va se déployer leur activité militante. Convaincues que la liberté et l'amour fraternel sont des valeurs universelles, Claude et Suzanne mènent une contre-propagande poétique ; une résistance de papiers, de bouteilles vides et de milliers de tracts signés « Le soldat sans nom » pour créer l'impression d'une fronde au sein même des rangs allemands. Elles sont les francs-tireuses, usant de leurs armes spirituelles pour inciter les soldats à cesser de se battre. Les faits leur ont donné raison : Jersey a été libérée pacifiquement. Les Francs-tireuses s'appuie sur des textes dans lesquels Claude Cahun et Suzanne Malherbe ont raconté leurs années de guerre. Fidèle à leurs actions et à leurs tempéraments, Emmanuelle Hutin s'inspire librement de ces écrits pour rendre hommage au courage de ces résistantes invisibilisées par l'Histoire. (Présentation des éditions Anne Carrière)Illustration musicale : Gnossienne (1) de Erik SatiePour aller plus loin, à découvrir également :À travers les destins croisés de cinq résistantes, Philippe Collin retrace le rôle crucial longtemps oublié des femmes dans la lutte intérieure et extérieure face au nazisme entre 1940 et 1944.Souvent réduites à une poignée de clichés romantiques, les femmes dans l'histoire de la Résistance française sont longtemps restées invisibles. Or, dans un pays vaincu, humilié et privé en partie de sa population masculine, emmenée en Allemagne en captivité dès l'été 1940, les femmes furent les premières à réagir et à initier un esprit d'insoumission. Parmi elles, deux figures illustres : Lucie Aubrac et Geneviève de Gaulle. Ainsi que trois femmes demeurées dans l'ombre : Mila Racine, Simonne Mathieu et Renée Davelly.Destins emblématiques ou méconnus, les trajectoires de ces cinq résistantes vont s'entremêler et se répondre : un récit choral et global qui redonne toute leur place aux femmes au côté des hommes.Cet ouvrage est l'adaptation illustrée d'archives inédites ou rares du podcast à succès sur France Inter suivi par plus de 2,5 millions d'auditeurs et plébiscitée par la critique. (Présentation des éditions Albin Michel)

1945-2025, 80 ans de la capitulation allemande. En avril 1945, l'Hôtel Lutetia, situé dans VIe arrondissement de Paris, est choisi par le général de Gaulle pour accueillir les déportés de retour des camps de concentration nazis. Pendant plusieurs mois, cet établissement luxueux est un lieu d'accueil, de retrouvailles et de réadaptation pour les rescapés, parmi lesquels 2500 juifs et 45000 résistants et opposants politiques. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Ce sont deux hommes avec la même vision : celle de la liberté. Winston Churchill et Charles de Gaulle, deux héros de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ont uni leurs forces au cœur de la tempête malgré des désaccords fréquents. Entre admiration, tensions et un destin commun face à l'histoire, découvrons la relation unique qui a lié ces deux géants et marqué le 20ème siècle. Crédits : Lorànt Deutsch, Bruno Deltombe. Du lundi au vendredi de 15h à 15h30, Lorànt Deutsch vous révèle les secrets des personnages historiques les plus captivants !Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Charles de Gaulle legte die Basis für ein militärisch unabhängiges Frankreich und Europa. Seine Reden zu Verteidigungspolitik und Bewaffnung sind von frappierender Aktualität angesichts der heutigen geopolitischen Lage des Kontinents. Rienäcker, Cai www.deutschlandfunk.de, Hintergrund

Le sourire énigmatique de la Joconde, le duo infernal qu'ont formé les grands Charles de Gaulle et Winston Churchill ou encore le chantier maudit de l'Opéra Garnier... Découvrez le programme de la semaine du 5 au 9 mai 2025. Chaque dimanche dans un podcast inédit, au micro de Chloé Lacrampe, Lorànt Deutsch présente le programme à venir dans "Entrez dans l'Histoire". Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi, de 15h à 15h30 sur RTL. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Stéphane Bern raconte un événement qui a fait date dans l'histoire politique de la France : la démission du président Charles de Gaulle, premier occupant de l'Élysée sous la Vème République, et le dernier en date à l'avoir quitté de son propre chef, à la suite d'un référendum historique et au crépuscule d'un long règne républicain, pour entrer pour toujours dans la légende… Dans quel contexte Charles de Gaulle a-t-il démissionné ? Quelles ont été les conséquences politiques de sa décision ? 55 ans après sa mort, que symbolise-t-il encore en France ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Arnaud Teyssier, historien, président du Conseil scientifique de la Fondation Charles-de-Gaulle et auteur de "Charles de Gaulle, l'angoisse et la grandeur" (Perrin) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Pierre Cazalot. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Eloi Audoin-Rouzeau. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Oui, il est juridiquement possible de se marier en France avec une personne décédée, dans un cadre très particulier. Cette pratique, appelée mariage posthume, est prévue par l'article 171 du Code civil. Mais attention : ce n'est ni une procédure courante ni automatique. Voici les conditions, la procédure et les implications de ce type d'union unique en droit français.1. Origine et cadre légalLe mariage posthume a été introduit en droit français par la loi du 31 décembre 1959, à la suite d'un drame national : la rupture du barrage de Malpasset, qui causa la mort de centaines de personnes. Parmi les victimes se trouvait le fiancé d'une femme enceinte. Touché par cette histoire, le général de Gaulle autorisa exceptionnellement leur mariage à titre posthume. Cette décision fit jurisprudence et donna naissance à l'article 171 du Code civil.2. Les conditions strictesPour qu'un mariage posthume soit autorisé, plusieurs conditions doivent impérativement être réunies :Il faut prouver que le défunt avait réellement l'intention de se marier. Cette intention peut être démontrée par une publication des bans, une demande en mariage officielle ou des démarches engagées auprès de la mairie.Le survivant doit adresser une demande motivée au président de la République, aujourd'hui généralement traitée par délégation par le ministère de la Justice.Il faut démontrer l'existence de circonstances graves justifiant la demande (comme un décès soudain ou tragique).Le mariage ne peut avoir lieu qu'après un décret présidentiel autorisant l'union.3. Les effets du mariage posthumeLe mariage posthume produit certains effets juridiques limités :Le conjoint survivant obtient le statut de veuf ou veuve légitime, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences symboliques importantes.En revanche, aucun droit à l'héritage n'est automatiquement ouvert au conjoint survivant, sauf dispositions testamentaires.Le mariage n'a pas d'effet rétroactif sur les régimes matrimoniaux, ni sur la filiation d'enfants (qui doit être établie séparément).4. Une procédure rare mais toujours en vigueurChaque année, quelques mariages posthumes sont célébrés en France, souvent dans des contextes dramatiques : accidents, décès en mission militaire, etc. C'est une pratique unique au monde, soulignant l'importance du devoir de mémoire et de la reconnaissance symbolique des liens affectifs.En résumé, oui, on peut se marier avec une personne morte en France, mais uniquement avec l'autorisation présidentielle et sous des conditions très strictes. Ce mariage a avant tout une valeur morale et symbolique, plus qu'une portée juridique complète. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Stéphane Bern raconte un événement qui a fait date dans l'histoire politique de la France : la démission du président Charles de Gaulle, premier occupant de l'Élysée sous la Vème République, et le dernier en date à l'avoir quitté de son propre chef, à la suite d'un référendum historique et au crépuscule d'un long règne républicain, pour entrer pour toujours dans la légende… Dans quel contexte Charles de Gaulle a-t-il démissionné ? Quelles ont été les conséquences politiques de sa décision ? 55 ans après sa mort, que symbolise-t-il encore en France ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Arnaud Teyssier, historien, président du Conseil scientifique de la Fondation Charles-de-Gaulle et auteur de "Charles de Gaulle, l'angoisse et la grandeur" (Perrin) Au Coeur de l'Histoire est réalisée par Pierre Cazalot. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Eloi Audoin-Rouzeau. Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Dans un beau et passionnant livre intitulé, « Les musiciens et le pouvoir en France », (Gallimard), Maryvonne de Saint-Pulgent nous raconte ces liens, de Lully à Boulez. « Le rapport de Lully et Boulez au pouvoir et ses conséquences sur notre paysage musical ne sont pas des singularités, mais le fruit d'une exception française, due à la préférence nationale pour le mécénat d'État et les régimes politiques à exécutif fort », écrit l'auteure. Elle en parle avec passion dans IDÉES ce dimanche. Ancienne directrice de patrimoine au ministère de la Culture entre 1993 et 1997, professeure associée de musicologie à Paris IV, Maryvonne de Saint-Pulgent commence son histoire au temps de Louis XIV, par la place occupée par Lully « à qui la surintendance de la musique du roi avait permis d'exercer une forme de « dictature musicale » déplorée par Colbert ».L'auteure parcourt les siècles et note, avec de nombreux exemples, que ce soutien du pouvoir dépassait le mécénat classique qui se pratiquait « habituellement dans les cours européennes prédémocratiques ». Avec elle, nous avançons dans le temps ; la Révolution qui avait aussi ses musiciens et les régimes suivants, y compris la République qui « instrumentalisent l'art au service de leur propagande et favorisent une esthétique officielle ».Puis l'influence étatique passe du pouvoir aux Académies et naît la politique culturelle. Premiers jalons, ceux posés par Léon Blum, lors du Front populaire, « qui nourrit celle que mène ensuite un compagnon de route, l'écrivain André Malraux, lorsqu'il crée en 1959 le ministère des Affaires culturelles voulu par le général de Gaulle », écrit Maryvonne de Saint-Pulgent.Dernière étape, la seconde partie du XXè siècle et l'omnipotence de Pierre Boulez (dont on célèbre le centenaire en 2025) à qui plusieurs présidents de la République n'ont rien refusé.« Les musiciens et le pouvoir en France, de Lully à Boulez », Bibliothèque illustrée des histoires, Gallimard. Programmation musicale : Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687) – « Atys – Ouverture », interprétée par l'ensemble musical Les Arts Florissants (direction : William Christie) « Ah ! Ça ira », interprété par Matthieu Lussier/ Les Jacobins Marie-Joseph Chénier (paroles) / Étienne-Nicolas Méhul (musique) – « Le chant du départ », interprété par l'orchestre de la Garde républicaine et le chœur de l'Armée française Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) – « La symphonie fantastique – Un bal », interprété par l'orchestre national de Lille (direction : Jean-Claude Casadesus) Gabriel Fauré (1845-1924) – « Requiem – Libera me », interprété par Simon Estes, l'orchestre de la Staatskapelle de Dresde et le Rundfunkchor de Leipzig (direction : Colin Davis) Pierre Boulez (1925-2016) – « Le marteau sans maître – Bel édifice et les pressentiments », interprété par l'ensemble InterContemporain (direction : Pierre Boulez) Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) – « Valses nobles et sentimentales – Assez animé », interprété par Ivo Pogorelich (piano).

This week we continue exploring the Second World War by revealing one of its most surprising, colourful and sometimes farcical stories - the two year undeclared war between Britain and Vichy France. Tim Bouverie is Phil's guest and he tales us through some of the terrific - and little known - stories in his new book Allies At War. Although London and Paris are firm allies when Nazi Germany invades France in May 1940, relationships soon fall apart and true disappears. Then, in July 1940, Winston Churchill - a lifelong francophile - takes the fateful decision to send the Royal Navy to attack the French fleet (to ensure it does not fall into Hitler's hands). 1,300 French sailors, who had been allies of the British just weeks before, die in this attack.There follows a series of military campaigns and diplomatic intrigues with the (often clashing) personalities of Charles de Gaulle and Winston Churchill at the heart of them all. You can buy Tim's book here...https://www.amazon.co.uk/Allies-War-Politics-Defeating-Hitler/dp/1847926231/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0There's also information and extracts from Phil's new book here...https://sites.google.com/view/1945thereckoning/homeYou can pre-order the book now on Amazon UK - and it will be available all around the world as an e-book and an audio book...https://www.amazon.co.uk/1945-Reckoning-Empire-Struggle-World/dp/139971449X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=#For anyone in Australia, you can purchase the book here...https://www.amazon.com.au/1945-Reckoning-Empire-Struggle-World/dp/1399714503/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Aj6KiOnX8mB9IxbXa3MSftEn8ltcHpwdCwI_Y1Z9x_6wh1ZDhht_FEQApFtINIK18K6LpvzplQqjfqGwtGCX75E5idzD4XzxO4v5_7lTzseE1lilWhbmDGqQQNh41MCEhUEj3m2d_NqvbpQTzmbwiIy0x7yEhwDJnEK40Qp1ShuiNkayBHilBGbMJ2uS42z_EYICj2G1ukW0iEL0xwjyXCclJ4VwBeo2JkpEpY-vrgUNjbiZJ2WGQHUJe618JbwEOamp0n7LAcY0-C9Jd2K2kMVhcn0qj38FrKQ9kyxmsqk.KcgY2jzaJzHaHZX53DPc4FD3ClSuNzEEmTH0X6-HiG0&qid=1744266867&sr=8-1***We now have a Thank You button (next to the 'three dots') for small donations that help support our work***Looking for the perfect gift for a special scandalous someone - or someone you'd like to get scandalous with? We're here to help...https://www.etsy.com/uk/shop/ScandalMongersThe Scandal Mongers...https://x.com/mongerspodcastPhil Craig...https://x.com/philmcraigTHE SCANDAL MONGERS PODCAST is also available to watch on YouTube...https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpiDbLiwypTLqMaKnNfxcTAYou can get in touch with the show via...team@podcastworld.org(place 'Scandal Mongers' in the heading) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

C'est le 17 juin 1940 que tout bascule dans la vie de Daniel Cordier. Ce jour-là, le jeune homme, volontiers bagarreur, sortant d'une enfance malmenée, militant à l'extrême droite, entend l'annonce du Maréchal Pétain décidé à demander l'armistice. Âgé d'à peine vingt ans, il refuse la défaite et s'embarque sans même savoir où il se rend, ce qu'il veut, c'est se battre pour libérer la France. Après avoir traversé la Manche, le téméraire arrive à Londres. Il s'imagine les armes à la main et s'engage dans la « légion de Gaulle », futures Forces françaises libres. Mais, à sa grande déception, il restera un homme de l'ombre. Un homme choisit par Jean Moulin qui en fait son secrétaire. Le jeune Cordier se lance alors, corps et âme, dans les missions qui lui sont confiées. Après la guerre, contre toute attente, il devient un acteur majeur de l'Art moderne, soutenant les talents émergents, comme Nicolas de Staël ou Jean Dubuffet . Un collectionneur et un marchand influent. Puis, dans les années septante, il lui faudra revenir à ses années de résistance pour défendre la mémoire de Jean Moulin. Il se fait historien rigoureux. A sa mort, en 2020, les autorités salueront « une vie romanesque (…) passée au service de la Liberté, pour la grandeur de la France ». Au soir de sa vie, le vieux résistant avait regardé bien en face ses engagement réactionnaires de jeunesse et en avait assumé les conséquences, s'engageant contre les extrémismes renaissants, pour l'égalité des droits humains, en faveur du mariage pour tous Mais toujours demeurerait le regret de ne pas avoir participé aux combats militaires pour enfin savoir si, face à l'ennemi, il se serait montré à la hauteur de ses ambitions. Partons sur les traces d'un homme sincèrement courageux. Avec les Lumières de Sylvie ZAIDMAN, directrice du musée de la Libération de Paris- musée Général Leclerc-musée Jean Moulin. Sujets traités : Daniel Cordier, résistant, Jean Moulin, militant , extrême droite, Maréchal Pétain , De gaulle, Nicolas de Staël ,Jean Dubuffet Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Broadcasting from Paris, we bring a bottle of wine and a warning: the transatlantic honeymoon is over. As America turns inward under the MAGA banner, Europe, led in thought (and theatre) by France, is starting to ask tough questions: Can we still rely on the US? Should we even try? From Macron's eerily prescient Sorbonne speech to the wild moves in the US bond market, this episode explores why France feels vindicated, why Ireland might soon have to pick a side, and why the real battlefield isn't Normandy or NATO, it's the balance sheet. With detours through wine laws, de Gaulle in Connemara, and why Nike's Vietnamese workforce matters more than you'd think, this is a global economic story told with Gallic flair and geopolitical bite. Join the gang! https://plus.acast.com/s/the-david-mcwilliams-podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Pays démocratique et républicain, la France nourrit un paradoxe : dans la mémoire collective des Français, la figure de l'homme providentiel a une place de choix. Parmi ces hommes et femmes surgissant dans des circonstances souvent exceptionnelles, se trouve Charles De Gaulle. Incarnation de la France libre pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, instigateur de la Ve République en 1958, le Général de Gaulle a, par deux fois, fait figure de sauveur dans notre pays. Comment s'est construit le mythe gaullien de l'homme providentiel ? Pour répondre à cette question, Virginie Girod reçoit l'historien Jean Garrigues. Fin connaisseur de l'histoire de nos institutions, il est président de la commission internationale d'histoire des assemblées, et auteur, notamment, des livres "A la plage avec Charles de Gaulle, l'homme providentiel dans un transat" (Dunod) et "Les Hommes providentiels: Histoire d'une fascination française" (Payot).Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Virginie Girod raconte l'ascension de Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970) et dévoile l'homme derrière le mythe. Dans le premier épisode de ce double récit inédit d'Au cœur de l'Histoire, Charles de Gaulle aspire dès l'adolescence à une grande carrière militaire. En 1914, devenu lieutenant alors qu'éclate la Première Guerre mondiale, il est blessé sur le front. Bientôt, il reçoit la Croix de Guerre et obtient le grade de capitaine. En 1916, la bataille de Verdun commence. A Douaumont, le destin du capitaine de Gaulle se joue. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Virginie Girod raconte l'ascension de Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970) et dévoile l'homme derrière le mythe. Dans le second épisode de ce double récit inédit d'Au cœur de l'Histoire, le capitaine De Gaulle est à Douaumont le 2 mars 1916. Porté disparu, il est déclaré mort. Bien vivant, il est fait captif et n'est libéré qu'à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, malgré de multiples tentatives d'évasion. Dans les années 1930, face à la montée de l'Allemagne nazie, De Gaulle tire la sonnette d'alarme. Le 3 septembre 1939, la France entre en guerre. Charles de Gaulle entend désormais sauver son pays.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

ll est entré dans l'Histoire en appelant les Français à la Résistance le 18 juin 1940, puis il a été l'instigateur de la Ve République et sa figure tutélaire. Mais vous a-t-on déjà raconté la jeunesse de Charles de Gaulle ? Quel homme était-il avant de devenir le Général que chaque Français connaît ? La semaine prochaine, dans Au cœur de l'Histoire, découvrez les jeunes années de Charles de Gaulle, de son action pendant la Première Guerre mondiale à la veille de l'appel du 18 juin, alors qu'il chérissait déjà un rêve de grandeur pour la France. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

What happens when a mother, daughter, and best friend set out on a road trip across France to celebrate a milestone birthday? In Celebrating 75 Years with Vanessa Christman, host Annie Sargent talks to Vanessa, a librarian from California, about the trip of a lifetime: Mother-Daughter Celebrating a 75th Birthday in France. Get the podcast ad-free Vanessa planned this adventure around her mom's long-time love of France. They landed at Charles de Gaulle, picked up a rental car, and hit the road. From charming Burgundy villages like Tournus, to the sparkling Mediterranean coast near Martigues, to the lavender-scented hills of Provence and the grand castles of the Loire Valley — they saw it all. Along the way, they visited abbeys, tasted Gigondas wine, created custom perfumes in Grasse, explored markets in Carpentras, and dined at a Michelin-starred restaurant in Ardèche. Vanessa shares what went right (most things), what went wrong (French tacos!), and her top tips for traveling with someone who has reduced mobility. This episode is full of practical travel advice and heartfelt reflections. It's especially helpful for anyone dreaming of a multigenerational trip to France. Subscribe to Join Us in France Travel Podcast for more stories and tips from real travelers. Whether you're planning a special celebration or just love French culture, this one's for you. Table of Contents for this Episode Introduction and Welcome Today on the podcast Podcast supporters The Magazine segment Celebrating 75 Years with a French Road Trip Travel Companions and Planning Journey Begins: From CDG to Burgundy Jet lag, app for astronauts App to Help with Jet Lag Exploring Burgundy: Tournus and Beyond Heading South: Provence and the Mediterranean Provincial Markets and Wine Tasting Shipping Wine from the US to France Archaeological Adventures and Unsettled Weather The Experience of Maing Perfume in Grasse Road Trip Games and Roundabouts If You Have a Handicaped Placard You Can Use it in France Exploring the French Countryside Michelin Star Dining Experience The Loire Wine Tasting and French Tacos Charming B&B Stay Travel Tips for Reduced Mobility Personne à Mobilité Réduite – PMR Room Thank You Patrons This Week Paris's Gothic Jewels: New VoiceMap Tour Live Guides Restaurant Recommendations  Le Petit Chatelet on 39 Rue de la Bûcherie  Le Bistrot des Victoires Bouillon Chartier Grands Boulevards Le Saint-Regis  L'Auberge des Deux Ponts Next week on the podcast Copyright More episodes about family travel in France