Podcasts about Hindenburg

Isaac walks the same ground as Abraham, facing famine, fear, and foreign rulers. God confirms the promise given to Abraham, yet Isaac repeats old sins by misleading others about his wife. Still, the Lord blesses him abundantly. Tensions rise with Abimelech, but a treaty and an altar bring resolution. This chapter reminds us that God's faithfulness is greater than our failures, and that peace and worship often go hand in hand.  The Rev. Bruce von Hindenburg, pastor of Catalina Lutheran Church in Tucson, AZ, joins the Rev. Dr. Phil Booe to study Genesis 26.  To learn more about Catalina Lutheran, visit www.catalinalutheran.org. Genesis isn't just the start of the Bible; it's the foundation of everything. Creation, sin, judgment, grace, covenant, and promise all take root in this remarkable book. The stories are ancient, but their truths are eternal. In this new series from Thy Strong Word, Pastor Phil Booe and his guests walk verse by verse through Genesis, exploring how God reveals Himself as Creator, Judge, and Redeemer. From the grandeur of the cosmos to the struggles of ordinary families, Genesis introduces us to a God who speaks, acts, and keeps His promises. So, whether you've read it a hundred times or are just now cracking it open for a serious look, this series will help you see Genesis with fresh eyes—and a deeper faith. Thy Strong Word, hosted by Rev. Dr. Phil Booe, pastor of St. John Lutheran Church of Luverne, MN, reveals the light of our salvation in Christ through study of God's Word, breaking our darkness with His redeeming light. Each weekday, two pastors fix our eyes on Jesus by considering Holy Scripture, verse by verse, in order to be strengthened in the Word and be equipped to faithfully serve in our daily vocations. Submit comments or questions to: thystrongword@kfuo.org.

Ignaz Wrobel kritisiert den Kandidaten zur Reichspräsidenten-Wahl 1925 und prophezeit hellsichtig: "Hindenburg ist: Die Republik auf Abruf. Hindenburg bedeutet: Krieg." ("Die Menschheit", 17.4.1925).

** My new book, Paws for Thought (second edition) is now available as a print book, an e-book and in audio – grab your copy today! Order it at https://www.loisstrachan.com/shop/#acc-content In today's episode, Lois chats with Katrina (Kat) Paz, the compiler of a recently published bestselling book, Trailblazing and Transforming: Success Stories of Entrepreneurs with Disabilities. Trailblazing and Transforming shares the stories of twelve people with disabilities who have achieved success in building their own companies. The purpose of the book is to build awareness of entrepreneurship as a way for people with disabilities to grow sustainable income generating organisations from their skills and passions. In the conversation, Kat discusses why entrepreneurship is such a good option for people with disabilities as a career, the diversity of those represented in the book, and what people can learn from it. Find Trailblazing and Transforming: Success Stories of Entrepreneurs with Disabilities on Amazon at https://www.amazon.com/Trailblazing-Transforming-Success-Entrepreneurs-Disabilities-ebook/dp/B0F3S6BRP3/ref=sr_1_1?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.FFuROm34wayO82mopyepFQ.ZblSLGivwEmSRUjx1w7bVqkqQymynpi8IUp82KZ0H14&dib_tag=se&keywords=success+stories+of+entrepreneurs+with+disability+paz&qid=1746703949&s=books&sr=1-1 As a note, Trailblazing and Transforming achieved bestseller status in the categories of Home-Based Business Sales & Selling and Biographies of Social Activists on the day it launched. Find Kat Paz on the following links: Website: leapground.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LeapGround Instagram: @leapground LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/leapground/ Image description: Cover of the book Trailblazing and Transforming, Success Stories of Entrepreneurs with Disabilities, compiled by Kat Paz. The cover is in shades of blue and gray with pops of orange. It features three graphics of people from the waist down. On the left is a person with a prosthetic leg. In the middle is a person wearing business attire with a briefcase in their left hand and a white cane in their right hand. The right image is of a person in a wheelchair. I'd love to hear from you – contact me at Web: https://www.loisstrachan.com/ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/lstrachan Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/loisstrachanspeaker This episode edited by Craig Strachan using Hindenburg PRO – find out more on Hindenburg.com Credits and music by Charlie Dyasi.

Paul von Hindenburg war zum Präsidenten der Republik gewählt worden, aber bereits sein „Einzug“ in der Reichshauptstadt folgte eher einem monarchistischen Skript. Am Bahnhof Heerstraße im Charlottenburger Westend landete sein D-Zug aus Hannover an, von dort ging es weiter im Wagen über die von den preußischen Königen angelegte Paradestrecke Heerstraße - Charlottenburger Chaussee zum Brandenburger Tor und von dort zum Reichskanzlerpalais in die Wilhelmstraße, wo er zunächst als Gast des Regierungschefs begrüßt wurde. Eine Via triumphalis, über die jetzt ein Kriegsverlierer in Berlin einrückte, spottete die sozialdemokratische Alte Liebe aus dem damals hamburgischen Cuxhaven am 12. Mai 1925 und ließ auch sonst kein gutes Haar an der Veranstaltung. Was ihr alles sauer aufstieß, weiß Rosa Leu.

I denne episode af Fotografiske Signaler er det lytterne, der sætter dagsordenen. Jeg svarer på spørgsmål fra kommentarspor, e-mails og videoindsendelser – og vi kommer vidt omkring! Fra valg af objektiv til Fuji-kameraer, til tanker om hvordan man tager sit fotografiske virke seriøst – og ikke mindst, hvordan man undgår at drukne i kaos af filer, når man arbejder med både stationær og bærbar computer.Vi snakker om udstyr – men ikke bare for udstyrets skyld. Det handler om, hvordan det hjælper os til at skabe. Jeg deler bl.a. erfaringer med mit nye Insta360-kamera og hvordan det ændrer mit workflow, både teknisk og kreativt.Derudover vender vi:* Hvordan man vælger det rigtige objektiv – med fokus på kompakthed vs. lysstyrke.* En tankevækkende lyttermail fra Keld om at tage sit fotografi alvorligt, skrive projektbeskrivelser og føre logbog.* Overvejelser omkring workflow mellem Mac og Windows.* Om at kunne arbejde udenfor i solen – og hvilken MacBook Pro der faktisk kan det.* Hvorfor man (måske) igen skal overveje en NAS.

The Hindenburg ruined it.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Comment Hitler et les nazis sont-ils arrivés au pouvoir en 1933 ? Était-ce inéluctable ? Pourquoi Hitler a-t-il été nommé chancelier alors que son discours était anti-démocratique, inégalitaire et haineux à l'égard des juifs ? Était-ce inéluctable ? Qui sont « les irresponsables » qui ont porté Hitler au pouvoir ? C'est le titre de l'enquête historique de Johann Chapoutot menée dans les archives des années 20 et 30 en Allemagne qui reconstitue minutieusement les rôles joués par le président Hindenburg, son entourage et le chancelier Von Papen. L'un des plus grands spécialistes du nazisme fait rimer le mot histoire avec le mot espoir en démontrant qu'un autre scénario aurait pu aboutir, épargnant au monde l'horreur de la Shoah et de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.Quelle langue parlaient les nazis et comment la décrypter ? C'est toute la réflexion menée par Olivier Mannoni, traducteur de l'édition critique du livre Mein Kampf intitulé Historiciser le mal aux éditions Fayard.Comment cette violence des mots s'est-elle traduite en actes ? C'est ce que nous dit Ulrich Baumann, directeur adjoint et scientifique du Mémorial aux Juifs assassinés d'Europe à Berlin.Dans cet épisode, nous remettons en question les idées reçues selon lesquelles Hitler serait arrivé au pouvoir par les urnes dans une république de Weimar qui se serait suicidée.C'est tout le contraire, nous dit Johann Chapoutot dans son enquête historique Les irresponsables parue aux éditions Gallimard.« Cette histoire se déroule en Allemagne, entre mars 1930 et janvier 1933. Elle repose sur une lecture des archives politiques, des journaux intimes, correspondances, discours, articles de presse et mémoires des acteurs et témoins majeurs. Elle révèle non pas la progression irrésistible de la marée brune, mais une stratégie pour capter son énergie au profit d'un libéralisme autoritaire, imbu de lui-même, dilettante et, in fine, parfaitement irresponsable. »À lire aussiLa propagande nazie au quotidien: appauvrir la langue pour contrôler la pensée

In this episode, Izi takes us back to May 6 1937, the most notable event involving a balloon which was called the Hindenburg disaster. The Hindenburg, a German airship, caught fire and was completely destroyed during its landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, resulting in 36 deaths. Tune in for this and other historical stories that happened this week, with Izi Mann.

Reichspräsident Hindenburg hatte einen Eid auf die demokratische Weimarer Verfassung geschworen. Trotzdem machte er Hitler zum Reichskanzler. Anders als andere Historiker ist der Historiker Wolfgang Niess überzeugt: Es war eine bewusste Entscheidung. Heinemann, Christoph www.deutschlandfunk.de, Interviews

Auf dem Gut seiner Schwiegertochter in Groß Schwülper im Kreise Gifhorn in Niedersachsen weilte Paul von Hindenburg, während die Auszählung der zweiten Runde der Reichspräsidentenwahl lief, und erfuhr dort von seinem Wahlsieg. Wie zahlreiche Fans von Hindenburg und Verfechter dessen, wofür er als Kandidat stand, so machte sich auch ein Korrespondent der sich am rechten Rand unseres Zeitungsspektrums befindenden Harburger Anzeigen und Nachrichten auf den Weg nach Groß Schwülper, um dem neuen Präsidenten zu huldigen. Sein Bericht, erschienen am 30. April 1925, ist voller nationalen Pathos und schildert, wie die Menschen zu einem Fackelzug zusammenfanden und an Hindenburg vorbeidefilierten. Uns wird, wenn wir Frank Riede lauschen, klar, dass die unsäglichen Fackelzüge der Nationalsozialisten eine lange Tradition hatten, und auch, warum sie heute nicht mehr zum Repertoire politischer Festveranstaltungen gehören.

** My new book, Paws for Thought (second edition) is now available as a print book, an e-book and in audio – grab your copy today! Order it at https://www.loisstrachan.com/shop/#acc-content In today's episode, Lois chats with Guillaume Hervier, host of the French language podcast, Les Voyages A L'Aveuglette. Guillaume chats about his life growing up in France with retinitis pigmentosa and the accessibility features that are typically found in France for people who are blind or partially blind. He also discusses his love for travel, which was borne out of his participation in blind tennis. Since this was the first time I had heard of blind tennis, we dig a little deeper into how the sport is played, and Guillaume shares a little of the history of the game. We also talk about his time living in Indonesia and his hope to found a travel agency focused on encouraging both disabled and non-disabled French people to visit the country he came to love. Finally, he shares some of the reasons why people may wish to visit France. Find Guillaume on the following links: Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/lesvoyagesalaveuglette Podcast feed: https://podcasts.apple.com/fr/podcast/les-voyages-a-laveuglette/id1481509619 Image description: I'd love to hear from you – contact me at Web: https://www.loisstrachan.com/ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/lstrachan Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/loisstrachanspeaker This episode edited by Craig Strachan using Hindenburg PRO – find out more on Hindenburg.com Credits and music by Charlie Dyasi.

Nun war es tatsächlich passiert: 14.639.399 Deutsche hatten beim zweiten Durchgang der Reichspräsidentenwahl für den greisen Feldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg votiert und diesen damit zum Nachfolger des verstorbenen Sozialdemokraten Friedrich Ebert gewählt. Der Kandidat der Weimarer Koalition Wilhelm Marx vom Zentrum kam nur auf 13.752.640 Stimmen und entbehrte schmerzlich die knapp zwei Millionen Stimmen, die an den kommunistischen Kandidaten Ernst Thälmann gegangen waren. Die republikanischen Zeitungen erwachten am 27. April in einer Art Schockstarre. Der Hamburger Anzeiger versuchte sich dennoch bereits an einer Analyse und auch in seltsam vertrauter Weise daran, sich und seinen Leserinnen und Lesern Mut zu machen, dass sich dieser republikfeindliche Rechtsruck auch wieder umkehren lasse. Wie, weshalb und warum, erläutert für uns Frank Riede.

Sonntage waren im Hamburg der Weimarer Republik keine Zeitungstage. Zu den wenigen Blättern, die hier überhaupt mit einer Ausgabe herauskamen, zählte das sozialdemokratische Hamburger Echo, das den Wahltag des 26. April 1925 wenig überraschend mit einem letzten Appell eröffnete, an die Urnen zu streben und das Schlimmste, die Wahl Paul von Hindenburgs, zu verhindern. Dass man mit einer Parteizeitung am Wahlmorgen nicht unbedingt mehr Unentschlossene direkt erreichte, war den Leitartiklern dabei wohl bewusst; ihr Aufruf richtete sich deshalb auch vielmehr an die längst Festentschlossenen, ihrerseits als Multiplikatoren zu wirken und letzte weniger gefestigte Wählerinnen und Wähler in ihrem Umfeld gleichsam auf den letzten Metern zum Wahllokal noch ein- oder umzustimmen. Mit welchen rhetorischen Mitteln man das tat, weiß Rosa Leu.

Het is de avond van 6 mei 1937, en Leonhard en Gertrud Adelt staan bij een van de observatieramen in de lounge van het luchtschip de LZ 129 Hindenburg naar beneden te turen. Gertrud merkt plotseling dat het wel erg stil is geworden. Ineens kantelt de vloer en worden ze beiden tegen de achterwand van de lounge geslingerd. Hier is aflevering 157!Zit je met iets? Praat bij Tele-Onthaal over wat jou bezighoudt. Bel anoniem en gratis naar 106 (24u/7d) of chat via tele-onthaal.beBestel nu op emma-matras.be - Tot 50% korting tijdens Pasen Aanbiedingen. Ontvang 5% extra korting met de code "DEVOLKSJURY5".Voornaamste bronnenZie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Über die Zahl der Unentschlossenen gab es am 24. April 1925, zwei Tage vor dem zweiten und entscheidenden Durchgang bei den deutschen Reichspräsidentenwahlen, anders als heute, kaum belastbare Umfragedaten. Dennoch oder vielleicht gerade deswegen zogen die Leitartikler noch ein letztes Mal los, die Zweifelnden und Schwankenden von den besseren Argumenten zu überzeugen. Der Hamburger Anzeiger ging dabei weit in der Geschichte zurück, um dort eine fatale Neigung zu in Deutschland identifizieren, sich im Zweifelsfall, statt vom Verstand, von Gefühlen, und dabei allzu oft auch noch von den falschen leiten zu lassen. Wie richtig er mit dieser Ahnung lag, sollte sich 48 Stunden bestätigen. Frank Riede ist für uns noch voller Hoffnung.

Au tournant de 1933, à l'âge où il serait en droit d'attendre un couronnement de sa longue carrière, le maréchal von Hindenburg doit prendre une décision terrible : appeler Hitler à la Chancellerie…  Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Am 22. April 1925, vier Tage vor dem zweiten Wahlgang zum Reichspräsidenten, standen natürlich alle Leitartikel im Zeichen der Frage Marx oder Hindenburg – erst recht in einer sozialdemokratischen Zeitung wie dem Lübecker Volksboten. Und doch weitet der Kommentar „Europas Schicksalsstunde“ noch einmal den Blick und diskutiert die bevorstehende Abstimmung in Deutschland in Zusammenhang mit den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Frankreich, wo sich der um einen Ausgleich mit Deutschland bemühte linke Premierminister Èdouard Herriot soeben genötigt gesehen hatte, wegen der anhaltenden Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise von seinem Amt zurückzutreten. Die Mahnung, der Weg zu Frieden und Wohlstand in Europa führe nur über eine funktionierende Achse Paris – Berlin und müsse sich, so die tatsächlich bereits hier vorkommende Formulierung, „Vereinigte Staaten von Europa“ zum Ziel nehmen, klingt bedrückend aktuell. Es liest Frank Riede.

A flavorful bite of a beloved family dish can bring us back to our childhoods. But food can help us experience an even farther past. Max Miller, host of the YouTube channel 'Tasting History,' and author of the cookbook Tasting History: Explore the Past through 4,000 Years of Recipes, hunts around historical primary sources for early versions of modern classics, or menus from different chapters of history, from the bean porridge served to competitors in the gladiatorial arena to the upscale menus offered to wealthy travelers on the Titanic or the Hindenburg. Miller talks about his research and why food can help us experience a taste of so many different lives from long ago. Plus, listeners ask about the histories of their favorite dishes and ingredients.

** My new book, Paws for Thought (second edition) is now available. Get your copy at https://www.loisstrachan.com/shop/#acc-content In today's episode, Lois chats with host of the Different Ability Podcast, Katey Fortun, about her work as an interior designer. During the conversation, Katey talks about the relief of receiving a diagnosis of dyslexia at the age of 10 years of age, because it helped her to understand her way of doing things. She acknowledges the willingness of her education system to accommodate her and some of the techniques she uses to accomplish the many diverse and creative tasks she is involved with. Katey emphasises the importance of using your strengths to help determine your career, rather than constantly trying to work on areas that cause you to struggle. Katey chats about her podcast, the Different Ability Podcast, as well as her forthcoming book, Embracing Your Different Ability: Together We Advocate: Disability Stories Through the Eyes of a Child and Parent. Finally, Katey speaks of her preference for the term different ability, as opposed to disability and explains why she feels the way she does. Reach out to Katey on Website: kateyfortun.com Podcast feed: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1216838.rss My interview on The Different Ability Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1216838/episodes/16172924-beyond-vision-empowering-a-more-inclusive-world-with-lois-strachan.mp3 Image description: A woman with long blonde hair is wearing a black dress with a pattern of orange flowers. There are autumn leaves on the ground and the lighting is bright and cosy. I'd love to hear from you – contact me at Web: https://www.loisstrachan.com/ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/lstrachan Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/loisstrachanspeaker This episode edited by Craig Strachan using Hindenburg PRO – find out more on Hindenburg.com Credits and music by Charlie Dyasi.

Sunday evening zoomies! The Notes: Will says we're “jiggling the nuts of 500!” Live Show coming, show date ASAP (later May, but not Memorial weekend, or early June)! Whispers of the post-525! Will's new job! Will's keeping a tight pattern on his target, life-wise! Will & Ollie saw the Minecraft movie! Ollie's Minecraft movie review! Having fun without making a low-wage worker suffer! Victor Continental Lincoln 2 video remembrances! Nelson's approach to playing Lincoln was identical to Daniel Day Lewis! Lincoln smoked Reds! Out of date smoking advice for the kids! We got a new fan: shoutout Nate Copt! The Keeze Tier! Will's musical influences! We need to get Will into a rap battle! Some sons don't respect their dad's rap dreams! You're lucky you can't see this! Oh the humanities! We don't need a ninth Hindenburg! At the top of our games! Contact Us! Follow Us! Love Us! Email: doubledeucepod@gmail.com Twitter & Instagram: @doubledeucepod Bluesky: @doubledeucepod.bsky.social Facebook: www.facebook.com/DoubleDeucePod/ Patreon: patreon.com/DoubleDeucePod Also, please subscribe/rate/review/share us! We're on Apple, Android, Libsyn, Stitcher, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Radio.com, RadioPublic, pretty much anywhere they got podcasts, you can find the Deuce! Podcast logo art by Jason Keezer! Find his art online at Keezograms! Intro & Outro featuring Rob Schulte! Check out his many podcasts! Brought to you in part by sponsorship from Courtney Shipley, Official Superfans Stefan Rider and Amber Fraley, and listeners like you! Join a tier on our Patreon! Advertise with us! If you want that good, all-natural focus and energy, our DOUBLEDEUCE20 code still works at www.magicmind.com/doubledeuce for 20% off all purchases and subscriptions. Check out the Lawrence Times's 785 Collective at https://lawrencekstimes.com/785collective/ for a list of local LFK podcasts including this one!  

Editing audio can be a lot of fun, especially if you have the right tool — HINDENBURG's built by radio people to be fast and effective, which is why we use it. The post AUDIO EDITING FOR BUSY PODCASTERS! appeared first on sound*bytes.

Herzlich willkommen im Einfach Schlafen Podcast. Da es im Weltgeschehen bereits genug Mord und Totschlag gibt, haben die Russen, Hindenburg und das Kriegsgeschehen hiermit ein Ende.Wir starten neu mit den deutschen Heldensagen.Höre die faszinierende Geschichte von Siegfried, einem der bekanntesten Helden der deutschen Heldensagen. Die Erzählung beginnt mit König Siegmund und seiner Suche nach einer Frau, führt über die Untreue seiner Gemahlin Sieglinde und die Kindheit von Siegfried, bis hin zu seinen Abenteuern und Kämpfen gegen Drachen und Intrigen. Die Geschichte thematisiert Liebe, Verrat, Heldentum und die Herausforderungen, die Siegfried auf seinem Weg begegnen.PS: Dir gefällt was Du hörst? Dann abonniere den Podcast und lass gerne eine Bewertung da. Deine Nachrichten und Wünsche erreichen mich per Mail an einfachschlafen@gmx.de und wenn du den Podcast finanziell unterstützen möchtest, dann gib mir einen "Kaffee aus" ☕ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Dieser Link leitet ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Dich direkt weiter. Ich sage schon mal DANKESCHÖN

Die Katze war aus dem Sack: Statt des im ersten Wahlgang führenden Ex-Ministers und Duisburger Oberbürgermeisters Karl Jarres schickte die Rechte im zweiten Durchgang den Weltkriegs-Veteran Paul von Hindenburg ins Rennen um das Reichspräsidentenamt. Wie reagierte das republikanische Lager? Es präsentierte sich sichtlich überrascht von dieser Volte – und trotzig optimistisch, dass das deutsche Wahlvolk dem reaktionären Schwenk eine Absage erteilen würde. So ganz sicher war man sich dessen zumindest in sozialdemokratischen Kreisen aber offensichtlich nicht, weshalb sich das Hamburger Echo in seiner Ausgabe vom 10. April ausgiebig im europäischen Ausland rückversicherte, dass die dortige Öffentlichkeit diese Kandidatur ziemlich durchweg negativ beurteilte. Frank Riede liest für uns die Presseschau, die dabei herauskam und die eindeutig solche Wähler als Zielgruppe adressierte, die mit einem Votum für den kommunistischen Bewerber Ernst Thälmann liebäugelten.

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** My new book, Paws for Thought (second edition) is now available. Get your copy at https://www.loisstrachan.com/shop/#acc-content In today's episode, Lois chats with Dr Lionel Smith, a medical doctor who was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) at the age of 60. Despite his diagnosis, he continued to work in the medical field. During the conversation, Lionel describes his life both before and after his diagnosis, explaining how he was able to continue making a significant impact on the medical field in South Africa despite his deteriorating eyesight. He also talks about the challenges he is facing now that his RP has progressed. *Note from Lois: This episode is dedicated to the memory of Dr Lionel Smith, who passed away shortly before the interview was published. Image description: A middle-aged man wearing a light blue shirt. He has glasses resting on his short gray hair. The background of the image is out of focus, emphasizing the man's face. I'd love to hear from you – contact me at Web: https://www.loisstrachan.com/ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/lstrachan Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/loisstrachanspeaker This episode edited by Craig Strachan using Hindenburg PRO – find out more on Hindenburg.com Credits and music by Charlie Dyasi.

My good friend Xavier Lewis comes on the podcast to discuss his dissertation topic.   General Edmond Buat had an idea and devised a plan to defeat the German army on the Western front in World War I. A study of his diary, the notes he wrote and his later writings on German generals Ludendorff  and Hindenburg, shows how his plan and the Réserve Générale de l'Artillerie Lourde (Heavy Artillery General Reserve, “RGAL”) he created constitute an incipient form of operational art as well as the basis for the French Army's offensives in the summer of 1918.   Xavier's research considers how Buat's diary, his writings, and notes reveal his role in developing the plans for the 1918 offensives and how the RGAL was conceived as an instrument specially adapted for them. It also shows how those plans represented an important conceptual shift in operational thinking to find a new way to expel the German army from French territory. It focuses on the ideas behind the creation of the RGAL, not on the political, industrial and procurement aspects and seeks to plug a gap identified by historian Sir Michael Howard who complained that:  "British military historians […] found it difficult to focus on an analysis of the operations themselves.”   Do listen for a great conversation.   The BFWWP is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/BattlesoftheFirstWorldWarPodcast.    Any questions, comments or concerns please contact me through the website, www.firstworldwarpodcast.com. Follow us on BlueSky at @WW1podcast.bsky.social:   https://bsky.app/profile/ww1podcast.bsky.social   and the BFWWP website, www.firstworldwarpodcast.com. Email me directly at verdunpodcast@gmail.com with any questions, comments, or concerns.    Please review the Battles of the First World War Podcast on iTunes! :)  

** My new Kindle book, Paws for Thought (second edition) is now available. Get your copy at https://www.amazon.com/Paws-Thought-second-Seeing-Through-ebook/dp/B0DRTJF95G/ In today's episode, Lois chats with Geertje van den Broeck, who runs a wheelchair accessible guesthouse in Cape Town, South Africa. On moving to South Africa from Belgium, Geertje decided to open the guesthouse, drawing on her past experience as a caregiver for people who were wheelchair users. During the conversation, Geertje shares a little of her story and describes the facilities that make the Casa Ilanga guesthouse wheelchair-friendly. She also touches on her plans to extend the accessibility of the accommodation to suit people living with other disabilities. Discover more about Casa Ilanga Guesthouse Website: https://casailanga.co.za/ Image description: A woman wearing a wide-brimmed hat and a dark dress with a floral pattern is walking down a paved path surrounded by tall trees and greenery. She has a red shoulder bag over one shoulder. I'd love to hear from you – contact me at Web: https://www.loisstrachan.com/ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/lstrachan Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/loisstrachanspeaker This episode edited by Craig Strachan using Hindenburg PRO – find out more on Hindenburg.com Credits and music by Charlie Dyasi.

English Edition: This episode is all about 'green computing' and how we can check the impact of our computing efforts. Helping me with that are Kirsty Pringle (SSI), Loic Lannelongue (University of Cambridge, UK) and Andy Turner from the EPCC in Edinburgh (UK).Tools discussed in this episode:https://www.green-algorithms.org Green Algorithms home page with the online calculatorhttps://codecarbon.io Code Carbon - a Python libraryOther:https://www.software.ac.uk/GreenDiSC Green Disc certificationGreen Computing Special Interest group (SIG) contacthttps://socrse.github.io/green-sig/ home page of the SIG with contact detailsUK RSE Slack channel: #green-sighttps://post.parliament.uk/research-briefings/post-pn-0677/ Parliamentary report on ICT energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions https://app.electricitymaps.com/map map of energy sources for electricity (fossil fuel, nuclear, renewables etc)https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/what-are-scope-1-2-3-carbon-emissions Emmisions scopes explainedERRATA: I mentioned in the episode that Kirsty is working at the EPCC - but she works at the SSI (Software Sustainability Institute, UK). Sorry about the confusion.The sound effects are from Hindenburg audio editing software. Get in touchThank you for listening! Merci de votre écoute! Vielen Dank für´s Zuhören! Contact Details/ Coordonnées / Kontakt: Email mailto:peter@code4thought.org UK RSE Slack (ukrse.slack.com): @code4thought or @piddie US RSE Slack (usrse.slack.com): @Peter Schmidt Mastodon: https://fosstodon.org/@code4thought or @code4thought@fosstodon.org Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/code4thought.bsky.social LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/pweschmidt/ (personal Profile)LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/codeforthought/ (Code for Thought Profile) This podcast is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Mit Fackeln ziehen Anhänger der Nationalsozialisten am 30. Januar 1933 triumphierend durchs Brandenburger Tor. Wenige Stunden zuvor hat Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg den NSDAP-Vorsitzenden Adolf Hitler zum neuen Reichskanzler ernannt: Hitler ist an der Macht und die Weimarer Republik am Ende. In dieser 11KM-Folge erzählt BR-Politikjournalist Thies Marsen, wie Hitler und seine nationalsozialistische Bewegung auf den Tag der “Machtergreifung” über viele Jahre hingearbeitet haben. Wie konnten sie damals die junge deutsche Demokratie mit ihren eigenen Waffen schlagen? Wer waren Hitlers Helfer? Und: Wie kann sich die Bundesrepublik heute vor den Feinden der Demokratie schützen? Der ARD Podcast von Thies Marsen „Omas Tasche und das Hitler-Attentat“ – unser Podcast-Tipp: https://1.ard.de/ag-omas-tasche-und-das-hitlerattentat Hier geht's zur früheren 11KM-Folge „Undercover in der Hitler-Redaktion“: https://1.ard.de/11KM_Hitler_Redaktion Diese und viele weitere Folgen von 11KM findet ihr überall da, wo es Podcasts gibt, auch hier in der ARD Audiothek: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/11km-der-tagesschau-podcast/12200383/ An dieser Folge waren beteiligt: Folgenautor: Marc Hoffmann Mitarbeit: Hannah Heinzinger und Jasmin Brock Produktion: Christiane Gerheuser-Kamp und Lisa Krumme Redaktionsleitung: Fumiko Lipp und Lena Gürtler 11KM: der tagesschau-Podcast wird produziert von BR24 und NDR Info. Die redaktionelle Verantwortung für diese Episode liegt beim NDR.

This Day in Legal History: Reichstag Fire DecreeOn February 28, 1933, German President Paul von Hindenburg issued the Reichstag Fire Decree, formally known as the Presidential Decree for the Protection of People and State. The decree was a direct response to the Reichstag fire the night before, which the Nazi Party blamed on Communists. It suspended key civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press, assembly, and protection from unlawful detention. The decree also allowed warrantless arrests and indefinite imprisonment of political opponents. Using this power, the Nazis swiftly arrested thousands of Communists, Socialists, and other adversaries. The decree marked the legal foundation of Nazi repression and paved the way for the Enabling Act, passed on March 23, which granted Hitler dictatorial powers. By July 14, 1933, the Nazis had criminalized all political opposition, establishing a one-party state. The decree remained technically in effect throughout Nazi rule, providing a legal cover for widespread persecution. It exemplified how emergency powers, once enacted, can be used to erode democracy rather than protect it.KPMG has received approval to practice law in Arizona, making it the first Big Four accounting firm to do so in the U.S. However, due to legal prohibitions, the firm cannot offer legal services to its audit clients, limiting its potential customer base. Despite this restriction, KPMG expects to attract many new clients rather than shedding existing ones. The Arizona Supreme Court's approval aligns with its goal of increasing access to legal services, but it also introduces a well-funded competitor to traditional law firms. Other Big Four firms like Deloitte, PwC, and EY may eventually follow suit.While U.S. regulations bar auditors from providing legal services to public company clients, Arizona's decision opens opportunities in the non-audit market. KPMG plans to focus on services complementing traditional legal work, such as contract management and supply chain restructuring. The firm must maintain an internal compliance program, overseen by attorney David Rizzo, and submit biannual reports to the state. With consulting already a major revenue stream, KPMG sees legal services as a way to expand further, particularly through technological advancements like AI.KPMG Must Pivot Around Audit Clients in Creating US Law PracticeThe Trump administration's Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has dropped five enforcement cases against financial institutions, including a major lawsuit against Capital One over $2 billion in alleged illegal interest charges. Other dismissed cases involved student loan servicer PHEAA, Vanderbilt Mortgage, Rocket Homes, and Heights Finance, all of which had been accused of various predatory lending and mortgage fraud practices. The move significantly weakens the agency's legal actions against financial firms investigated for consumer abuse.The mass dismissals coincide with Trump's broader effort to dismantle the CFPB, an agency he has long opposed. His nominee for CFPB director, Jonathan McKernan, testified before the Senate, promising to enforce consumer protection laws but criticizing past enforcement as excessive. Meanwhile, Trump's administration has fired CFPB staff, shut down its Washington offices, and attempted to cancel its lease, though legal challenges have temporarily halted further layoffs.Consumer advocates, including Public Citizen and the Consumer Federation of America, condemned the dismissals, warning they encourage financial misconduct. The CFPB now has fewer than 20 active cases, with several likely to be paused under new leadership. While McKernan claims he will follow the law, critics fear a watered-down agency unable to protect consumers from financial abuses.Trump admin drops 5 consumer watchdog cases, including Capital One | ReutersA federal judge has ordered the Department of Government Efficiency (DGE) to provide a representative for a deposition regarding its authority, structure, and operations. The ruling by U.S. District Judge John Bates also requires the Trump administration to produce documents and answer questions in a lawsuit brought by labor unions and nonprofits. The plaintiffs seek to block DGE's access to systems at three federal agencies, citing concerns over transparency and legality.The Justice Department opposed the order, but Bates ruled that critical details about DGE remain unclear. While he allowed questioning on DGE's access to personal data, he limited inquiries into trade secrets or other confidential business records. The judge also set an eight-hour cap on questioning representatives from DGE and the agencies.Bates previously denied an immediate restraining order blocking DGE's access, stating the plaintiffs had not yet proven legal violations. Meanwhile, the White House recently disclosed that Elon Musk is not the actual administrator of DGE, contradicting earlier claims by Trump. Other lawsuits challenging DGE's legality and access to government records remain ongoing.Judge Orders Musk's DOGE, Agency Staff to Testify in LawsuitA federal judge in California has temporarily blocked the Trump administration from ordering mass firings of probationary federal employees at agencies like the Department of Defense and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). U.S. District Judge William Alsup ruled that the Office of Personnel Management (OPM)lacks the authority to direct agencies to fire workers, contradicting administration claims that it was merely issuing guidance.Trump, backed by Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency, has sought to slash federal jobs as part of a broader plan to cut $1 trillion from the national budget. The layoffs have drawn opposition from Democrats, unions, and government employees, who argue they are illegal and threaten essential government functions, including veterans' services, scientific research, and national parks.While 5,400 Defense Department employees are still set to be fired, Alsup ordered OPM to rescind memos directing mass layoffs. The ruling is temporary while the legal challenge proceeds, with plaintiffs arguing OPM violated administrative law by issuing directives outside its authority. Meanwhile, Trump's administration continues to push for deeper federal workforce cuts, with agencies required to submit reduction plans by March 13.US judge halts Trump administration's calls for mass firings at agencies | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

In this look back episode...Disgraced Prince Andrew is having buyer's remorse.After his Hindenburg level disaster of an interview with the BBC and Emily Maitlis, The Joe Exotic of the Windsor family is now admitting that the interview is "a source of regret."To contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:https://nypost.com/2020/06/13/prince-andrew-calls-infamous-bbc-interview-source-of-regret-insider/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Big Tech earnings season is in full swing, the US Federal Reserve held interest rates steady despite pressure from President Donald Trump, and Syria's new government pressed Moscow about reparations. Plus, activist short-selling is on the decline. Mentioned in this podcast:Meta's bumper results tempered by revenue outlook Federal Reserve keeps US interest rates on hold Syria asks Russia for reparationsLast men standing: the short sellers who remain after Hindenburg's exitThe FT News Briefing is produced by Niamh Rowe, Fiona Symon, Sonja Hutson, Kasia Broussalian, Lulu Smyth, and Marc Filippino. Additional help from Breen Turner, Sam Giovinco, Peter Barber, Michael Lello, David da Silva and Gavin Kallmann. Our engineer is Joseph Salcedo. Topher Forhecz is the FT's executive producer. The FT's global head of audio is Cheryl Brumley. The show's theme song is by Metaphor Music.Read a transcript of this episode on FT.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Preview: EU Army: Colleague Anatol Lieven Regards the Talk of European Military Deploying in Ukraine as Fanciful, Unrealistic. More Later. 1923 Paul von Hindenburg

The Hindenburg disaster left more than just a scar on history—it's said the spirits of that fiery tragedy still linger, trapped in the echoes of that fateful day.Darkness Syndicate members get the ad-free version. https://weirddarkness.com/syndicateInfo on the next LIVE SCREAM event. https://weirddarkness.com/LiveScreamInfo on the next WEIRDO WATCH PARTY event. https://weirddarkness.com/TVIN THIS EPISODE: In the Oakland Cemetery, a bronze monument to tragedy is said to bring death to anyone who touches it. (Black Angel of Death) *** While camping, a man has dreams of a dark-haired woman several nights in a row. Normally it wouldn't be anything to be all that concerned about, but it's something to fear if you are near the French Broad river. (Siren of the French Broad) *** Alien visitors, beings from a different dimension, our planet even had tree monsters and sentient pyramids showing up – and all in the year 1965. (The Inter-Dimensional Interlopers of 1965) *** A retired naval officer reports rocks falling through his home's roof – dozens in a single day – with no explanation of where they came from. (Cappy Ricks and the Stones) *** In 1994 a man has a paranormal experience with a popular song recorded two decades earlier. (The Joker) *** Is there a clandestine space program designed to save the elite from a global catastrophe? (Alternative 3) *** On this date, October 24, 1953, Evelyn Hartley, a 15-year-old sophomore from La Crosse, Wisconsin, vanished without a trace while on her way to a babysitting job. It was like something out of a Halloween urban legend but in this case, the horror was real. (The Babysitter Who Vanished) *** The odd happening that takes place here and there in a house more than likely can be explained in some rational way. Even quite a few strange occurrences could probably be explained by science. But when the events seem to never stop, perhaps it's time to think something else is going on. (An Assortment of Experiences) *** Legend tells a centuries-old curse was placed upon Dudleytown in Connecticut. The town turned into a horrible place where people committed suicide or went insane. (Cursed Dudleytown) *** Exactly 92 years ago today – October 24, 1926 - something went wrong during a performance by Harry Houdini. A week later, he would be dead. (Houdini's Final Performance) *** The Hamilton-Byrne family was anything but typical, rather it was a doomsday cult with a leader who believed herself to be the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. (Inside the Family Cult) *** AND MUCH MORE!CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate)…00:00:00.000 = Disclaimer and Cold Lead-In00:02:47.142 = Show Open00:06:10.048 = The History and Hauntings of the Hindenburg Disaster00:27:19.251 = Black-Eyed People, Why Are They So Different From The Rest Of Us?00:42:51.586 = Bumps In The Night00:45:08.873 = Evil Spirits And Demons of Marshes and Swamps in Slavic Folklore00:50:34.658 = Old Man of the Cave00:55:13.535 = The Seer of Possibilities (HORROR FICTION)01:30:36.561 = Alternative 301:53:32.442 = Black Angel of Death01:58:06.560 = The Siren of French Broad02:07:43.223 = The Interdimensional Interlopers of 196502:19:24.763 = The Joker02:23:07.174 = Cappy Ricks and the Stones02:31:45.510 = Inside The Family Cult02:38:52.622 = The Babysitter Who Vanished02:47:10.403 = An Assortment of Experiences02:55:58.570 = Cursed Duddleytown03:01:20.853 = Houdini's Final PerformanceSOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM THE EPISODE…“The History and Hauntings Of The Hindenburg Disaster” (from the book “And Hell Followed With It” by Troy Taylor: http://amzn.to/2zrimTY“Old Man of the Cave”: https://tinyurl.com/taa9h3w“Evil Spirits And Demons Of Marshes And Swamps In Slavic Folklore”: https://tinyurl.com/t79ccnz“Bumps in the Night”: (link no longer valid)“Black Eyed People, Why Are They So Different From The Rest of Us”: (link no longer valid)“The Seer Of Possibilities” (Creepypasta): https://tinyurl.com/ycz95rnp“Alternative 3”: https://tinyurl.com/w4f5edr“Black Angel of Death” by Orrin Grey: http://ow.ly/v2m430mkGWs“The Interdimensional Interlopers of 1965” by Brent Swancer: https://tinyurl.com/rwy5jdd“Siren of the French Broad”: https://tinyurl.com/sa2ewrt“The Joker” by Rory Kavenagh – submitted directly to WeirdDarkness.com“Cappy Ricks and the Stones”: https://tinyurl.com/ybc3o3rb“The Babysitter Who Vanished” by Troy Taylor: https://tinyurl.com/w9ohx8k“An Assortment of Experiences”: https://tinyurl.com/quqbbmg“Inside the Family Cult” by Joel Stice: https://tinyurl.com/tobap65“Cursed Dudleytown”: https://tinyurl.com/s3sg49m“Houdini's Final Performance” by Troy Taylor: https://tinyurl.com/sj5bsjwWeird Darkness theme by Alibi Music Library. = = = = =(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2025, Weird Darkness.= = = = =Originally aired: October 24, 2018SOURCES PAGE: https://weirddarkness.com/hindenburg

Last time we continued to speak about the insane battle over Southern Xinjiang. In Yarkland, chaos erupted as inflation soared, prompting Chinese officials to retreat to fortified New City. Panic led to desperate measures, including the use of dummy figures for defense. As insurgents advanced, Colonel Chin's forces looted and fled, sparking violence against Uyghurs and Hindu moneylenders. By April, rebel forces captured Kashgar, fracturing Chinese control. Amid shifting alliances, Ma Chanzeng sought power, but internal strife among leaders like Temur culminated in further violence and betrayal, with power ultimately shifting to the Khotanlik provisional government under Muhammad Amin Bughra. Abdullah's revelation ignited conflict among Muslim troops. The Uyghurs and Kirghiz briefly united against the Chinese, ultimately capturing the New City. As tensions rose, massacres occurred, fracturing alliances and leading to a power struggle. After the execution of Uyghur leader Temur, Abdullah seized control of Yarkland, while charismatic Tawfiq Bay rallied forces against the Tungans. Eventually, the Khotan Amirs dominated the region, achieving unity amidst chaos, leaving only the besieged Tungans at bay.   #135 Kumul Rebellion part 4: The reunification of Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Do you remember Ma Chongying, basically the guy that started most of this madness? Following him getting severely wounded at Liaotun in autumn of 1932, he had withdrawn the majority of his forces to his old domain in northwestern Gansu. He set up a HQ at Anxi and through his subordinates began expanding territory and increasing recruitment via conscription. The British missionaries Mildred Cable and Francesca French were living in Tunhuang at the time and wrote extensively about Ma Congying's recruitment efforts “The town was robbed of everything in the nature of food, goods and money ... next to food the most coveted possessions of the oases were the young, vigorous, hardy men ... These were the men whom Ma Chung-ying wanted for gun fodder, and orders were issued to the press-gang to fetch them in from every farm of the neighborhood, and collect them in Tunhuang City. Every day we saw them being rounded up. The ropes which they themselves had twisted from desert grass were used to tie their hands behind their backs, and to noose their necks in a running-knot. Roped together in droves of twenty to thirty, according to the success of the raid, they were brought to town by captors who rode the horses levied from these boys' own stables. Thrust behind the high palings of temple courtyards, the imprisoned youths lined the barriers, looking out for some passers-by who might belong to their own group of farmsteads and would take a report home that son or husband had been captured”. After initial training at Tunhuang, the recruits were taken to Anxi for further training. Cable and French were ordered to Anxi to aid Ma Chongying with his wounds and to  take care of other Tungans who reportedly had been injured by fire arrows during the siege of Kumul Old City. They did a good job as within a short amount of time Ma Chongying was able to ride again.  Back in Xinjiang, following the failed Uyghur led rebellion at Kumul and facing another imminent Tungant invasion in the Turfan area Jin Shujen turned increasingly to the USSR for help. In September of 1931 he bought two biplanes for the Soviets at 40,000 Mexican silver dollars each. The planes came with two Russian pilots and on October 1st, Jin signed a secret trade deal with the USSR allowing 8 Soviet trading agencies to set up shop in Urumqi, Chuguchak, Kashgar, Kulja, Aksu, Kucha, Khotan and Yarkland. Customs duties on Soviets goods were reduced and a new Xinjiang-Soviet telegraph line and radio communications were established. Jin signed these deals illegally without notifying Nanjing and in return received economic and military assistance from the Soviets. In July of 1932 he would receive another 8 aircraft. Yet despite the Soviet assistance, Jin's provincial forces with the exception of Peppengut's White Russian detachment remained ill trained and ill officered. Following the relief of Kumul Old City and Ma Chongyings retreat back to Gansu, Chang Peiyuan, the provincial commander in chief and military governor of Ili went to Urumqi. It appears that Jin did not fully trust Chang Peiyuan, possibly fearing that the victory at Kumul had stirred up dangerous ambitions in Chang. This distrust seemed to be mutual, as Chang, upon receiving orders to transfer to the provincial capital, chose to defy them and returned to Ili in an act bordering on open rebellion. In response, Jin appointed Sheng Shihtsai, Chang's Chief-of-Staff during the Kumul campaign, as the new Provincial Commander-in-Chief. This decision would have significant implications both for Jin's future and for the future of Xinjiang. Sheng Shihtsai was born in 1895 in Liaoning Manchuria. He was the son of a small landowner. In 1917 he traveled to Japan to study political economics at Waseda University and came back to China in 1919 to participate in the May 4th movement. During that time he developed radical and anti-Japanese stances. He then joined the military training school in Guangdong and later enrolled in the northeastern military academy. He entered military service under Guo Songling, haha that old cry baby, who was deputy under Zhang Zuolin. Sheng Shihtsai rose through the ranks becoming a Lt Colonel. In 1924 Guo Songling sponsored Sheng's admission to the Shikan Gakko military academy in Japan. Sheng returned briefly to help Guo Songlings failed coup against Zhang Zuolin, but was able to escape imprisonment with support from Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-Shek. They got him a ticket back to Japan, and he returned to China in 1927 to participate in the northern expedition as a staff officer attached to Chiang Kai-Sheks HQ. After the northern expedition, he was made chief of war operations section of the General staff at Nanjing, but in 1929 resigned as he did not get along with his superiors. After all of this he took an interest in China's border defences. At the time a delegation from Xinjiang visited Nanjing searching for financial aid. Jin Shujen had instructed one of his delegates, Kuang Lu the deputy General secretary of Xinjiang, to find an able bodied officer to help reorganize Xinjiang's military. Kuang Lu fished around and found Sheng who looked like a very promising man. Sheng then traveled via the USSR arriving to Urumqi in the winter of 1929. His initial welcome was a luke warm one as Jin was suspicious of this highly qualified overseas educated man, obviously seeing him as a potential threat. Moreover, Jin's brother Jin Shuxin hated Sheng's appointment because the man outshined him. Despite the jealousy, Jin was basically grasping at straws and needed the help so he made Sheng the chief of staff over the Xinjiang Frontier Army and also the instructor at the provincial military college.  In the words of historian Chan Fooklam “Sheng's appointment was like Jin burying a time bomb under his bed, he had brought upon himself his own doom”. Despite receiving aid from the Soviets and British, Jin's grip over Xinjiang was slipping away. In May of 1932 Ma Chongying had dispatched Ma Shuming to take over the Tungan operation against Turfan. As we talked about, Ma Fuming, leading the provincial forces at Turfan simply defected. Also at this time Chang Peiyuan's insubordination was breaking out, easing the way for Sheng to be promoted to commander in chief. Sheng was directing an unsuccessful campaign against Uyghur insurgents at Karlik Tagh. Following news of Ma Fumings defection and the Tungan capture of Turfan, Sheng advanced west from Kumul to try and prevent the combined Muslim forces from marching upon Urumqi. After a bloody two day battle he recaptured Turfan, but this has little effect over Ma Shuming who had already moved his HQ to Kara Shahr.  During mid-winter, Ma Shuming's Tungan cavalry and Ma Fumings Turkic insurgents began an advance to Urumqi. At some point a force of provincial troops sent to Urumqi by Jin, specifically to guard the Dawan Cheng Pass were ambushed and annihilated by the Tungans. Meanwhile full scale rebellions had broken out at Kucha led by Temur and at Khotan led by the Amirs. To this Jin responded by expanding Pappenguts White Russian detachment from its original strength of 250 to 1500 men. The White Russians, most of whom came from Ili Valley, had literally no choice but to enlist. Alongside threatening any White Russians with deportation to the USSR, Jin also arrested many Russian women to compel their husbands to enlist. By early January of 1933, Ma Shumings Tungans had crossed the Dawan Cheng and were now operating at will in the Chaiwupao corridor, to the immediate south of the capital. Wu Aichen the political envoy on behalf of Nanjing reported on January 29th, that the city gates were suddenly closed and a month of food shortages and communal tensions rose. Wu Aichen would witness the brutality of the war. In his reports, the Tungans advanced towards the city during the night, seizing the Great West Bridge after a heavy fight. The Provincial commander defending the city only had 700 troops under him and if it was not for 300 White Russian troops suddenly arriving, the city most likely would have fallen then. Wu Aichen described the White Russian troops as superb fighters, albeit savagely drunk as they drove back the Tungan and Uyghurs during two days of hand to hand combat. Meanwhile Tungans had captured the radio station and a nearby height called Devil's Hill which overlooked the Urumqi suburbs. The Chinese officials feared letting in any more Muslim civilians to the Old City, thus they kept the city gates causing large numbers of refugees from the suburbs to gather outside the walls. This was particularly evident at the west gate which became the focal point of the fighting. Wu Aichen witnessed much of it and had this to say. “In times of peace this street was one of the most prosperous in the city, but now it was crowded With innocent fugitives, whose plight was terrible indeed. There was was worse to come, however, for now the advancing rebels came to this quarter and seizing the houses made loop-holes in the walls. In the flat roofs they set up machine-gun posts which could enfilade Government positions on either side of them. I could see for myself that the situation was desperate and that our troops would be pinned against the walls. General Pai, who was in command, did not hesitate. He gave the order that the street of the small religion should be set on fire. Then followed a scene so frightful that the reader's imagination must suffice. As the flames swept down the long lane of wooden structures they became an inferno of horror, for the roar of the conflagration was added to the rattle of gunfire, .and the hideous shrieks of those who were trapped. The rebels sought safety in flight, and as they crossed the open were machine-gunned from the Red Mountain; but the fugitives had nowhere to fly to and perished to the last man, woman and child. Nevertheless the city was saved, and when at last the flames died down the approach to the West Bridge was strewn with the bodies of our assailants. On the evening of the second day I had completed ten thousand words of copying. I asked how many were dead. I was told at least two thousand. Once again I returned to my task, reflecting that a human life had been taken at every fifth word”. Following the defeat, the Muslim forces had to pull back from the West Gate area, however, they still held control over the West Bridge, a mere half mile northwest. This gave them a great launchpad for night raids and many would be killed trying to scale the walls under the mouths of guns. The White Russian troops emerged as the backbone of the defenses, holding the city walls and making occasional sorties. Urumqi would have fallen if it was not for Sheng Shihtsai who came to her aid with his troops from Turfan. Upon seeing his relief forces the Muslim insurgents broke off their attack and withdrew into the surrounding countryside. With winter coming to an end, with fear of a cholera outbreak looming the Chinese went to work burying the dead. Wu Aichen was one of those who helped with the burials and wrote a horrifying description about the conditions of the city. Over 1000 bodies were buried in a single mass grave within the suburbs and the final death toll was estimated to exceed 6000. Following the relief of Urumqi, the Muslim insurgents seized all they could in the countryside such as Dawan Cheng, the districts of Fukang and parts of Santopao where an estimated 900 Han Chinese were killed. The insurgents burned the stocks of rice that usually fed the capital and on March 1st a detachment of 100 provincial troops were ambushed and annihilated at Chitaowan. The situation throughout the province deteriorated; to the south Ma Shaowu had isolated Kashgar and in the north a Kazakh rebellion broke out in the Sahara Sume region under Sharif Khan. The Kazakh uprising convinced the Soviets that Jin Sujen was going to inevitably lose Xinjiang. They acted without any notice to Nanjing by dispatching forces to help hold up Urumqi. Fate would have it, 2000 battle hardened Chinese troops had recently been driven over the Heilongjiang border into Siberia by the Japanese during the invasion of Manchuria. So Stalin signed off on sending them over the trans-siberian and Turk-sib railways to the Xinjiang frontier of Chuguchak. This force designated the Northeast National Salvation Army consisted of regular soldiers who were well trained and held good morale. They arrived to Urumqi on March 27th of 1933, substantially bolstering the provincial military, more particularly that of the new Provincial commander in chief, Sheng Shihtsai who just so happened to also be a Manchurian.  Sheng led the new forces to push back the invading Tungans of Ma Shuming who was forced over the Dawan Cheng back to his HQ at Kara Shahr. The Uyghur insurgents were demoralized and Khoja Niyas Hajji who controlled a belt around the Xinjiang-Gansu frontier began begining for assistance from Ma Chongying. Meanwhile Jin basically was undermined by Sheng and was seeing further unrest in Urumqi. The White Russians who had bore the brunt of the fighting to defend Urumqi were royally pissed off as they had not all been paid and were provided the worst horses and ammunition of all the defenders. Moreover Jin's popularity with all nationalities, even Han Chinese had fallen dramatically because his brother Jin Shuxin had reportedly exorted the granaries during the siege. Following the relief of Urumqi, Pappengut and the other White Russians approached the leaders of the northeast national salvation army with grievances against Jin Shujen and were given assurances of support to mount a coup against him. On April 12th, around 400 White Russians stormed the capital with 200 of them seizing the city gates and yamen. Jin managed to escape over the city walls and fled to the USSR via Chuguchak. From there he returned to China via the Turk-Sib and Trans-Siberian. Meanwhile his younger brother Jin Shuxin was captured and executed. Sheng Shihtsai was encamped at Uruba at the time of the coup and insisted in his future memoirs he had nothing to do with the coup and that it was all the USSR's doing. Regardless after the coup Sheng was urged to go to Urumqi where negotiations began with Liu Wenlung who was appointed Provincial Chairman while Sheng was made Tupan or “border defense commissioner”. Ie; Sheng was made the de facto ruler of Xinjiang.  After Ma Shumings failure to take Urumqi and Khoja Niyas Hajji's pleas for help, Ma Chongying determined to reenter the fray in person. Despite the setbacks, the Tungans had crossed the Dawan Cheng and nearly taken the capital, coupled with the seizure of Kashgar, Ma Chongying most likely believed there was still a great chance to take it all. He had spent 18 months rebuilding his army and better yet, because of the USSR's illegal move to save Urumqi, Nanjing officially recognizing his Tungan forces as the 36th division of the NRA. Ma Chongying moved his HQ from Anxi to Suzhou and really improved his military. A German engineer named Vasel working with him described him as a man who admired Napoleon, Bismarck and Hindenburg and who “was frequently to be seen running at the head of his troops during training, even in sub-zero temperature. Military training was pursued with a spartan rigour, pushed to the verge of utter ruthlessness. Desertion was punishable by death, and on one occasion I saw Ma personally behead five such offenders. In one of those sudden fits of exuberance that were typical of him, snatching up casually some hand grenades, which he had made himself, and hurling them, one by one, against the lofty clay-coloured walls of the city. And then he laughed heartily when he saw his men fling themselves flat on the ground as splinters of steel hurtled in all directions. He scorned to seek safety by throwing himself on the ground, and was quite delighted when he saw that I too did not seek cover”. During spring of 1933, Ma Chongying prepared to reinvade Xinjiang. A Swedish man named Bexeill was working along the Gansu-Qinghai border and noted Ma Chongying heavily taxed his territory in northwestern Gansu to the limits of the peasants endurance. He apparently even sent troops into Qinghai to illegally tax them. By May of 1933 his army departed Suhou for Yumen and Vasel gives us this description of them. “A dark mass of human beings, camels and oxen, was pouring out of the city gate towards the west amid clouds of dust. There were hundreds of heavily-laden camels, the bells on their necks clanging monotonously, their drivers easily discernible by their gaudy headgear. In the rear followed high-wheeled ox-carts, flanked on either side by infantry. Behind them again came a company of cavalry, which presently galloped past the lumbering camels and oxen along the track through the desert ... and now I had an opportunity of seeing at close range General Ma's famous cavalry riding past me and keeping its post at the head of the marching columns. This was the famous white cavalry regiment of which General Ma was especially proud. The broad iron swords of the dragoons clanked as they rode along on their magnificent white horses, while on their shoulders they carried carbines of the most varied and antiquated patterns. Next came the brown regiment, while in the rear followed the black regiment, comprising some two thousand horsemen. A short distance behind the cavalry came the infantry - regiment after regiment, headed by the Chinese (Kuomintang) standard. On they swept, platoon after platoon, followed by their officers, with their mausers at the ready. The columns strode along, keeping perfect time with their shrill, high-pitched, mournful, Asiatic marching songs. Sandwiched between some of these trained and trustworthy soldiers I saw large drafts of recruits who had been compelled to join General Ma's forces. These raw levies were constantly kept under very close observation'. On Top of Ma Chongyings new Tungan army, young Uyghurs were also conscripted into his ranks. 2500 Tungans under the command of his younger brother Ma Chongjie captured Kumul in May with little opposition. This was because the area was dominated by Ma Chongyings ally Khoja Niyas Hajji. After this Ma Chongjie issued bilingual proclamations to the people of Kumul, stating they were free of Jin Shujen's tyranny, who at the time was in the USSR. Meanwhile Sheng hurriedly prepared a force of 5000 to meet the invaders near Urumqi. Ma Chongying advanced upon Qiqiaoqing unopposed, getting even further west than his first invasion of 1931. Instead of taking the main road to Turgan, the Tungans crossed the narrow defile between Barkul Tagh and Bogdo Ula to hit the garrison town of Kitai. The first major battle broke out near Mulei, due east of Kitai on May 15th. Two days later a mixed force of 4000 Tungans and Turkic Muslims attacked Kitai led by Ma Chongjie. On May 26th Sheng sortied from Urumqi at the head of 5000 men, 1000 of whom were White Russians. Sheng planned to hold Santai, the halfway point between Urumqi and Kitai. Sheng's men attacked the invaders around Kitai, but lost the battle for the city, though Ma Chongjie was killed in battle. Sheng then retreated back to Urumqi by June 1st. Things looked dire for Sheng, he was unsure how Nanjing would react to the coup against Jin Shujen, his position was threatened to the east by Ma Chongying now headquartered at Kitai and to the west by Chang Peiyuan the military governor of Ili whom he suspected was not loyal to Urumqi and in league with the Tungans. Ma Chongying was now within striking distance of Urumqi, when he suddenly halted his attack and sent a telegram with terms. It turns out Ma Chongying had no idea Jin Shujen had been overthrown, so he was unsure how to proceed. This bought Sheng more time to raise defenses, sending the White Russians to hold Fukang as he dispatched Wu Aichen on a peace mission to Kitai. Wu Aichen's mission failed, so Sheng went to Fukang to take personal command of the army and to meet Ma Chongying around the hamlet of Zuniquan. During the battle of mid June, the provincial forces managed to gain the upper hand due to severe weather conditions for which the lightly clothed Tungans were ill prepared for. The Uyghurs forces of Khoja Niyas Hajji also took no part in the fighting despite being in the immediate area. The Tungans were defeated at Zuniquan, but not routed. Ma Chongyings men managed to retreat in well order to Qiqiaoqing and from there advanced to Turfan joined Tungan forces under Ma Shuming. Combined the Tungans marched to Dawan Cheng. At the same time a Pacification Commissioner, Huang Musung was sent by Nanjing to Urumqi. His mission was to establish peace between the provincial forces and Ma Chongying, both of whom claimed loyalty to Nanjing. Sheng was suspicious of Huang Musung and felt Nanjing might be simply backing the Tungans. Thus Sheng had Huang Musung placed under house arrest. Then Sheng accused three Xinjiang officials of plotting with Huang Musung, Chang Peiyuan and Ma Chongying to overthrow him and had them all executed via a firing squad. Thus Sheng clearly had distanced himself from Nanjing and turned 100% to the USSR for help. During early Autumn Ma Chongying was still in Turfan reorganizing the forces while Sheng was consolidating his position in Urumqi and quelling the Kazakh rebellion.  Meanwhile Khoja Niyas Hajji was growing uneasy with his alliance to Ma Chongying and began to open up secret negotiations with Sheng and soon was appointed Chief Defense commissioner for Southern Xinjiang. He then took his Uyghurs across the Dawan Cheng and occupied Toksun only to be surprise attacked and decisively defeated by Tungans under Ma Shuming. By late July Khoja Niyas Hajji took his battered survivors and fled for Kucha. At this point Huang Musung managed to secure his release from house arrest by telegramming Nanjing the recommendation that Sheng Shihtsai and Liu Wenlung be confirmed in their posts as the chief military and civil authorities over Xinjiang. Nanjing had really no options other than to comply.  On September 2nd Lo Wenkan, the foreign minister of Nanjing, came to Urumqi and officially confirmed Sheng into office and then mediated between Sheng and Ma Chongying. To compensate Ma Chongying he was offered the post of Garrison Commander of Eastern Xinjiang which he accepted, thus gaining control over Kumul, Barkul and part of Turfan. After Lo Wenkan departed in early October, suddenly Sheng announced the discovery of a new plot against him. He accused Liu Wenlung of conspiring with Ma Chongying, Chang Peiyuan and Lo Wenkan to overthrow him. Liu Wenlung was forced to resign and was replaced as the provincial chairman by Zhu Juixi. Sheng then prepared a final hammer blow against Ma Chongying. However Ma Chongying had secretly been working with Ma Shuming to deliver a lighting stroke against Urumqi which came in December of 1933. Tungan forces passed Dawan Cheng and began attacking the capital. Likewise in response to the constant accusations, Chang Peiyuan finally threw his support to the Tungans. He led his troops across the Talki Pass into Zungharia and attacked the Provincial forces stationed at Wusu. Meanwhile encouraged by the advance of the Gansu Tungans, the indigenous Tungans of Zungharia rose en masse to Ma Chongyings banner. In late december a detachment of the 36th NRA led by Ma Shuming bypassed Urumqi and attacked Chuguchak. Vasel happened to witness this and described the battle as such “The sun's rays, by this time, were shining obliquely across the street and showed us the Tungan army entering the town ... Stirrup to stirrup, the young regular soldiers in their smart uniforms looked a well-disciplined, trim and efficient force. r recognised one of their officers, Ma Shih-ming, the Commander-in-Chief's adjutant, who had frequently been my guest in Soochow. These regular soldiers rode past on beautiful horses, while huge red flags floated in the breeze above their heads, bearing the character 'Ma' in black letters on a white ground. At a short distance followed a horde that was tolerably well equipped . . . I saw needle-guns, blunderbusses and muzzle-loaders ... In their rear dense clouds of dust, which shut out the light, billowed onward, and then came the infantry. . . men with wild eyes and matted hair. . . outlaws who had nothing to lose and everything to gain from the upheaval that was going on. After the infantry followed a huge horde of camels, with their rhythmical swaying gait, laden with produce and goods of every conceivable type ... the breath came from their mouths like smoke - their necks were craned forward, and their heads kept bobbing up and down.”With the Tungans taking Zunghaira, the Khotan Amirs running amok in the south and Chang Peiyuan joining the fray, Sheng's position at Urumqi was hopeless. While Ma Chongying and Sheng Shihtsai continued their struggle in the north, in the south Muhammad Amin Bughra woo'd Khoja Niyas Hajji to become president of a new secessionist Islamic state. Thus was born the Turkic Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan ie TIRET. While Khoja Niyas Kajji was the quote president, this was simply symbolic, the real leadership remained with the Amirs. Amir Abdulah retained control over Yarkland, Amir Nur Ahmad Jan over Yangi Hissar and Kashgar and Bughra over Khotan. Shari a law was implemented, a national flag with a white star and crescent over a blue ground was made and the new state sought aid and recognition from Britain. But the TIRET would never receive said recognition or aid, for Britain respected Nanjing's government as the sole authority in Xinjiang. TIRET turned next to Turkey, but found no real help. Then they turned to Afghanistan who likewise could not help them. TIRET was doomed from the very beginning. Meanwhile the battles raged between Sheng and Ma Chongying. Sheng knew Nanjing would not assist him so he turned to the USSR. Sheng dispatched diplomats Chen Teli and Yaoxiong to Moscow pleading for assistance. The Soviets were sympathetic and quite concerned with events such as the rise of TIRET and the possibility of Ma Chongying capturing Urumqi as they suspected him and TIRET to have ties to the Japanese. Weary of Germany and Japan, the USSR took up a policy of curbing any influence from either, especially in her Central Asian frontiers. The Soviets sent this warning to Nanjing “'We do not mind if you Chinese develop [Eastern] Turkestan. But if you permit [Eastern] Turkestan to become a second Manchuria, we must act to protect ourselves. '” Thus in late 1933, following pleas for help from Sheng Shihtsai, the Soviets chose to intervene on behalf of Sheng, whom was known to be a loose cannon and unreliable, but atleast was anti-Japanese. The USSR appointed Apresoff as the new consul-general at Urumqi and upon his arrival Sheng conducted a purge. Officers from the Northeast National Salvation army and White Russian volunteers were arrested and shot, including Pappengut. The White Russians units were reorganized under the command of new Soviet officers. Sheng signed a secret deal with the USSR to allow them to build a railway from Sergiopol, through Chuguchak to Urumqi. Sheng also announced 6 new principles going forward (I) anti-imperialism, (2) kinship to Sovietism, (3) racial or national equality, (4) 'clean' government, (5) peace, and (6) reconstruction.  The Soviets were pleased and after receiving approval from Nanjing dispatched two brigades, numbered some 7000 men supported by tanks, artillery and aircraft against the insurgent positions at Kulja and Chuguchak. The Soviets had orders to “clear the roads and liquidate the rebellion”. They rapidly overwhelmed the forces of Chang Peiyuan who committed suicide in shame. The Tungans of Ma Shuming put up a better fight but were dislodged from the Chuguchak area. According to Vasel, the Tungans managed to beat back some attacks during 30 days of battle. In one instance the Tungans foiled a Soviet pincer attack by “crawling through the snow, camouflaged by reversed sheepskins, and storming, from a very short distance, Soviet machine-gun posts whilst wielding the characteristic curved sword of Islam”. The main battle broke out on the frost-bound banks of the Tutun River, 30 miles northwest of Urumqi. According to The Times correspondent Peter Fleming , “the Battle of the Tutun River 'raged for several days; but the Tungans' unskilled ferocity was no match for a mechanised foe, and the troops ... were badly demoralised by gas bombs dropped by the Soviet airmen”.  Both the Soviets and Tungans took heavy casualties, but ultimately the Soviets won, forcing Ma Chongying to retreat from Urumqi to the Dawan Cheng, pursued by a mixed force of Soviets, White Russians and Chinese. The Tungans attempted to make a stand at Dawan Cheng, but according to Vasel “a detachment of Soviet troops supported by armoured cars was attacked by a force of some 500 Tungans. After savage hand-to-hand fighting the Soviet forces were driven back, and their armoured cars were rolled off the mountainside by the victorious Tungans. At this juncture, by a strange twist of fate, the surviving Soviet troops were relieved by a force of White Russian 'volunteers', and Ma Chung-ying was forced to continue his retreat through Toksun to Korla”. Meanwhile in Southern Xinjiang, the Soviets tried to break the TIRET. A Soviet backed force of irregulars known as the “Tortunjis” was set up at Ulug Chat, led by Yusuf Jan. The Soviets also negotiated secretly with Khoja Niyas Hajji who despite being the president of the TIRET had taken all of his forces to Aksu. As a result Khoja Niyas Hajji received Soviet arms in return for turning against his anti-soviet colleagues. Yet despite Soviet support, Khoja Niyas Hajji's Uyghur forces were decisively defeated by 800 Tungans under Ma Chongying. Khoja Niyas Hajji had to abandon his HQ at Aksu fleeing for Kashgar with 1500 men on January 13th of 1934. The Tungans soon besieged Kashgar New City forcing Khoja Niyas Hajji and local forces under Sabit Damullah to withdrew towards Yangi-Hissar, then held by Nur Ahmad Jan. Within 24 hours the Tungan advance guard led by Ma Fuyuan entered Kashgar meeting little resistance. According to British Consulate General Thomson-Glover “'some 800 Tungans and 1,200 conscripts caused nearly 10,000 rebel troops to flee from Kashgar'” To make thing more complicated at this time Ma Shaowu assumed senior military and civil control on behalf of Nanjing and at the request of Ma Chanzeng and Ma Fuyuan. Thus the capital of TIRET was recaptured for Nanjing, but not by their approved forces under Sheng, but of those under Ma Chongying. Following the fall of Kashgar, TIRET moved its administration to Yangi-Hissar. Meanwhile Khoja Niyas Hajji fled to Irkeshtam on the Soviet border and there signed a treaty with the USSR to dissolve the TIRET and relinquished his forces to be used by the Xinjiang provincial authorities against the Tungans and Khotan Amirs. For this he was rewarded Civil Governor for life over Xinjiang with Sheng Shihtsai retaining military governorship. On February 14th, the Khotanlik forces tried but failed to recapture Kashgar. In response for two days the Tungans systematically looted Kashgar old city while they massacred nearly 2000 of its citizenry. Then Ma Chanzeng and Ma Fuyuan advanced to Yangi-Hissar where on March 28th looted its old city and killed everyone they got their hands on. In the face of the Tungan onslaught, Amir Nur Ahmad Jan fled into Yangi Hissar New City and Sabit Damullah fled for Yarkland. Nur Ahmad Jan led a fierce resistance at the New City until April 2nd when Amir Abdullah arrived from Yarkland with several thousand troops. However caught out in the open, Abdullah's men were obliterated by the Tungans and Abdullah was cut down and his severed head was sent to Kashgar to be exhibited outside the Id-gah Mosque. Yangi-Hissar New City continued to resist, “wielding only rifles and conserving their scanty ammunition and rolling back the attackers scaling the walls by means of large stones and tree trunks”. The Tungans took New City on April 12th, putting 500 of its defenders and Nur Ahmad Jan to the sword. Meanwhile the administration of TIRET received word of Khoja Niyas Hajji's deal with the Soviets and refused to dissolve. Thus Khoja Niyas Hajji went to Yarkland to try and convince Amir Muhammad Amin Bughra to dissolve the TIRET. He arrived there in Mid April, only a few days before the Tungas would. Bughra fled towards Khotan as Khoja Niyas Hajji looted Yarkland taking Sabit Damullah prisoner and advanced to Aksu. The Tungans arrived at Yarkland on the 20th and immediately pursued Khoja Niyas Hajji. Khoja Niyas Hajji managed to get to Aksu where he handed over Sabit Damullah who was promptly hung. Meanwhile Ma Chongying arrived at Kashgar with 10,000 men on April 6th where he denounced Sheng Shihtsai as a Soviet Puppet and stressed loyalty to Nanjing to its population. Other Tungan forces captured Sarikol and together marched upon Khotan. Khotan was taken on June 12th without a fight and unlike at Kashgar and Yangi-Hissar, the Tungans did not loot, but instead hunted down Muhammad Amin Bughra who had escaped with 3000 troops towards Keriya. Bughra managed to give them all the slip and fled with several ponies carrying hold to Ladakh in British India where he received permission to travel to Srinagar. Thus ended the TIRET experiment as Ma Chongying claimed he had recaptured southern Xinjiang for Nanjing. Ma Chongying then met with Thomson Glover “that he had come to Kashgar 'to try and save south Sinkiang from Russian influence', and continued to stress his loyalty to Nanjing”.  Meanwhile Ma Chongying set up a defensive line at Maral Bashi and Fayzabad with his brother in law, Ma Hushan in command. During May and June of 1934 Ma Chongying tried to gain sympathy from the British for his cause, but they refused to get involved. In a surprising turn of events, as told to us by Thomson Glover “Ma Chung-ying left Kashgar for Irkeshtam early on 7th July with three or four of his officers. . . and an escort of some 50 Tungans and one or more members of the USSR Consulate or Trade Agency. Arrived near the border to Russia the escort were met by Russian or Russian-employed troops. The Tungan escort dispersed or handed over their arms to some of Khoja Niyas' levies, and Ma Chung-ying disappeared into Russia”. Why the courageous Tungan threw in the towel is a mystery. He had not yet been deceive beaten, he could have taken his Tungan force and held out for 3 years before returning back to Gansu. Regardless the Soviets had offered him sanctuary and he just took it. His fate is a complete mystery, some say he was killed by the Soviets, some say he rotted in a dungeon, that he lived a life of luxury as a Soviet guest, and one claim is that in 1938, when Sheng Shihtsai visited Moscow, Stalin had him executed as a gift. Ma Chongyings command passed to Ma Hushan who set up a HQ at Khotan and carved out a sphere of influence extending from Karghalik to CHarkhlik. The provincial forces did nothing to stop him, and instead signed a truce, ending the wars with the Tungans. Sheng Shihtsai had won, he now held absolute power over Xinjiang, though as we will see much later on, Xinjiang was certainly not done seeing battles. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Thus in the end, after all of these different groups of people formed uprisings, betrayed one another and fought this large game of thrones for Xinjiang, it was Sheng Shihtsai who prevailed above all. Xinjiang was by no means stable and would continue to see chaos well into WW2 however.   

This week: In his farewell address, President Biden warns of a looming oligarchy in America. Felix Salmon, Emily Peck, and Elizabeth Spiers debate whether Biden is right, or if America is already an oligarchy of sorts. Then, the FDA is suing John Deere. The hosts discuss the idea of “the right to repair” and why our ability to repair the things we buy just isn't what it used to be. And finally, Nate Anderson has announced that he's closing Hindenburg. Are activist short sellers a dying breed? In the Slate Plus episode: An MBA Ain't What It Used To Be Want to hear that discussion and hear more Slate Money? Join Slate Plus to unlock weekly bonus episodes. Plus, you'll access ad-free listening across all your favorite Slate podcasts. You can subscribe directly from the Slate Money show page on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Or, visit slate.com/moneyplus to get access wherever you listen. Podcast production by Jessamine Molli and Cheyna Roth. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week: In his farewell address, President Biden warns of a looming oligarchy in America. Felix Salmon, Emily Peck, and Elizabeth Spiers debate whether Biden is right, or if America is already an oligarchy of sorts. Then, the FDA is suing John Deere. The hosts discuss the idea of “the right to repair” and why our ability to repair the things we buy just isn't what it used to be. And finally, Nate Anderson has announced that he's closing Hindenburg. Are activist short sellers a dying breed? In the Slate Plus episode: An MBA Ain't What It Used To Be Want to hear that discussion and hear more Slate Money? Join Slate Plus to unlock weekly bonus episodes. Plus, you'll access ad-free listening across all your favorite Slate podcasts. You can subscribe directly from the Slate Money show page on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Or, visit slate.com/moneyplus to get access wherever you listen. Podcast production by Jessamine Molli and Cheyna Roth. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week: In his farewell address, President Biden warns of a looming oligarchy in America. Felix Salmon, Emily Peck, and Elizabeth Spiers debate whether Biden is right, or if America is already an oligarchy of sorts. Then, the FDA is suing John Deere. The hosts discuss the idea of “the right to repair” and why our ability to repair the things we buy just isn't what it used to be. And finally, Nate Anderson has announced that he's closing Hindenburg. Are activist short sellers a dying breed? In the Slate Plus episode: An MBA Ain't What It Used To Be Want to hear that discussion and hear more Slate Money? Join Slate Plus to unlock weekly bonus episodes. Plus, you'll access ad-free listening across all your favorite Slate podcasts. You can subscribe directly from the Slate Money show page on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Or, visit slate.com/moneyplus to get access wherever you listen. Podcast production by Jessamine Molli and Cheyna Roth. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Episode 499: Neal and Toby talk about the sudden closure of famous (or infamous) short-seller firm Hindenburg Research. Then, Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin has officially entered the space race as it sends its first rocket into orbit. Meanwhile, MBAs are looking like they're losing their prestige as even Harvard MBAs are having a tough time landing a job post-college. Plus, Nintendo is the Stock of the Week, while UnitedHealth Group is the Dog of the Week. Finally, Scott Bessent, Zyn, Tubi, and Duolingo are in the headlines.  Subscribe to Morning Brew Daily for more of the news you need to start your day. Share the show with a friend, and leave us a review on your favorite podcast app. Checkout public.com/morningbrew for more Listen to Morning Brew Daily Here: https://link.chtbl.com/MBD Watch Morning Brew Daily Here: https://www.youtube.com/@MorningBrewDailyShow All investing involves the risk of loss, including loss of principal. Brokerage services for US-listed, registered securities, options and bonds in a self-directed account are offered by Public Investing, Inc., member FINRA & SIPC. Cryptocurrency trading services are offered by Bakkt Crypto Solutions, LLC (NMLS ID 1890144), which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the NYSDFS. Cryptocurrency is highly speculative, involves a high degree of risk, and has the potential for loss of the entire amount of an investment. Cryptocurrency holdings are not protected by the FDIC or SIPC.  Alpha is an AI research tool powered by GPT-4.  Alpha is experimental and may generate inaccurate responses.  Output from Alpha should not be construed as investment research or recommendations, and should not serve as the basis for any investment decision. Public makes no warranties about its accuracy, completeness, quality, or timeliness of any Alpha out. Please independently evaluate and verify any such output for your own use case. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

¡Emprendeduros! En este episodio Rodrigo y Alejandro nos dan una actualización de mercado donde hablan del estatus del mercado, los numeros de empleo, los reportes de inflacion y los cambios de politica en el mundo. Nos dan los reportes de ingreso de los bancos y las notas del 2024. Después hablan de los cambios recientes en Meta, de la ultima victima de Hindenburg y de la nueva fusion en streaming. Finalmente nos dan el análisis de crypto donde hablan de la primera estafa del año. ¡Síguenos en Instagram! Alejandro: https://www.instagram.com/salomondrin Rodrigo: https://www.instagram.com/rodnavarro Emprendeduros: https://www.instagram.com/losemprendeduros

Okay, let's mop up a fairly sizeable list of errors by El Baldo as of late, and try to be better in the future. Starting with a big one: the Hindenburg disaster. Czabe also talks about why Brock Purdy not getting paid properly now, is money he will NEVER recover, even if you don't care. MR X joins to discuss the Divisional Round games, and why playoff handicapping differs from the regular season. MORE . . .Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

5/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1919 Hindenburg and staff

7/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1932 President of Germany.

6/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1923 Hindenburg

8/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1935 Paul and Gertrud Hindenburg .

4/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 191-1919 Fieldmarshall Hindenburg

3/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. undated Hindenburg family

2/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1860 Student Hindenburg

1/8: Takeover: Hitler's Final Rise to Power Hardcover – Deckle Edge, by  Timothy W. Ryback  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Takeover-Hitlers-Final-Rise-Power/dp/0593537424 From the internationally acclaimed author of Hitler's Private Library, a dramatic recounting of the six critical months before Adolf Hitler seized power, when the Nazi leader teetered between triumph and ruin In the summer of 1932, the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse. One in three Germans was unemployed. Violence was rampant. Hitler's National Socialists surged at the polls. Paul von Hindenburg, an aging war hero and avowed monarchist, was a reluctant president bound by oath to uphold the constitution. The November elections offered Hitler the prospect of a Reichstag majority and the path to political power. But instead, the Nazis lost two million votes. As membership hemorrhaged and financial backers withdrew, the Nazi Party threatened to fracture. Hitler talked of suicide. The New York Times declared he was finished. Yet somehow, in a few brief weeks, he was chancellor of Germany.  In fascinating detail and with previously un-accessed archival materials, Timothy W. Ryback tells the remarkable story of Hitler's dismantling of democracy through democratic process. He provides fresh perspective and insights into Hitler's personal and professional lives in these months, in all their complexity and uncertainty—backroom deals, unlikely alliances, stunning betrayals, an ill-timed tax audit, and a fateful weekend that changed our world forever. Above all, Ryback details why a wearied Hindenburg, who disdained the “Bohemian corporal,” ultimately decided to appoint Hitler chancellor in January 1933. Within weeks, Germany was no longer a democracy. 1914 Paul von Hindenburg

PREVIEW: NSDAP: 1933: Author Timothy Ryback, "Takeover," portrays President of the Reich Otto von Hindenburg as a prickly, exhausted, prideful elder who only welcomed praise and solitude. More later. 1931