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Filling in the rest of Takara's reign with the stories of the various envoys at court, the Baekje princes living in Yamato, and the story of a 7th century millenial cult. For more, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-107   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 107: Winds Across the Straits Villagers gathered near the center of their community.  In contrast to the clean, walled up compounds of the local elites, with their raised floor buildings, the buildings here were much simpler, often sitting directly on the ground, or dug down into the earth in the pit dwelling style that had been used for centuries.  Mostly what anyone would notice were the thatched roofs, which had been used for centuries to keep out the rain and snow.   A tall watchtower was currently unmanned as everyone had gathered around, curious at the news coming from the east. A wandering mystic had come to town, and she was spreading words of hope across the country of Yamashiro.  Over the past few years there had been droughts, famine, earthquakes, and more.  People had tried everything in conjunction with the advice of their local hafuri, or priests. They had petitioned the local kami of the rivers and lakes, they had tried imported practices like sacrificing horses, and at a nearby village they had changed the location of the marketplace to see if that would work. Even when the rains had come, the damage had been done.  Food was scarce, and many of those who had survived were hardly in the best of situations.  Life in the village, working the land, was quite different from the life of the elites.  The wealthy had servants and slaves to tend to their needs, and they had access to stores of grain and other food in times of trouble.  They also had charge of the mononofu—the warriors who worked for them and were often an implicit—if not explicit—threat of violence for anyone who didn't pay their expected taxes.  This is perhaps what made the mystic's message so alluring.  She told them about the teachings of a man from the River Fuji, in the East, named Ohofu Be no Ohoshi:  he claimed to have discovered a new kami, the god of Tokoyo, the Everlasting world.  It was said that those who worshipped this god, who appeared in the land in the form of a caterpillar that thrived on orange tree leaves, would earn great things in this new world, when it came.  The poor would become rich and the old would become young again, when the promises of Tokoyo came to fruition. But it wasn't as easy as just saying some words.  True devotees would need to prove themselves, casting out the valuables of their house and setting out any food on the side of the road.  They would then yell out: “The new riches have come!” Then they were to worship these insects that were the kami's incarnation.  They would put them in a pure place and worship them with song and dance.  Many had already started doing this, the mystic said.  Indeed, the people of Yamashiro had heard rumors of some of these new practices, but only now were learning about why they had arisen.  It was a lot to ask, to give up their valuables and the little food they had — but then again, in this dew drop world, what was there to lose, for those already working themselves to the bone?  Was this any more incredible than asking the hafuri to pray to the kami, or even relying on that new religion in Yamato, where they prayed to giant bronze and gold statues to bring about prosperity and happiness.  Besides, if so many others had joined up already, perhaps there was something to these fantastic stories. And thus, village by village, a new religion began to take hold of the countryside, eventually making its way to the capital of Yamato, itself.     Greetings, listeners!  While the thing we covered last episode -- the Isshi Incident of 645, which is to say the assassination of Soga no Iruka in front of Her Majesty Takara, aka Kougyoku Tenno -- certainly dominates the narrative in the popular imagination for this particular point in Japanese history, there was a lot more going on over these last few years, both over on the continent in the archipelago.  And so this episode we are going to cover some of that:  From the missions from Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla, which were likely driven by conflict on the peninsula, to the Baekje Princes who resided in the Yamato court as political hostages as well as esteemed guests.  And to finish it off we'll talk about the popular 7th century millennial cult that sprang up in Yamashiro around the worship of the God of Tokoyo, the Everlasting World.  All in the reign of the Empress known to history as Kougyoku Tennou…. At least for now. Michael Como, in his book on Shoutoku Taishi, makes particular note of some of the overarching themes across the straits and how that affected what was happening—or at least what gets remembered—in Yamato.  As we discussed back in episode 98, Como makes the point that the early, opposing Buddhist factions that placed Shotoku Taishi on a pedestal were largely connected with one or more continental factions.  While the Soga were heavily connected with Baekje, other family groups, like the Hata, were more closely tied with Silla, at least according to later accounts. And on top of that, the area around Koshi and Tsunaga had ties with Goguryeo.  As the Tang dynasty and Goguryeo were in contention on their own borders, no doubt both of them and their allies were looking to nearby nations for either support or at least neutrality.  One can also see how peninsular enmities might also make their way across the strait to the archipelago with families of various ethnic backgrounds no doubt carrying on some of the continental prejudices with them even into a new land. A lot of the accounts for this reign that aren't dealing with the weather and natural disasters—topics of particular concern from the 642 to 643—are dealing with the continent. It started out in 642, with Baekje envoys arriving in the first month of that year, apparently to deliver their condolences on the death of the sovereign.  They were accompanied by Yamato's envoy to Baekje, Azumi no Yamashiro no Muraji no Hirafu, who left them at Tsukushi to rush back to Yamato via post-horse, while the Baekje envoys took their time via the normal, ship-borne route. And right off the bat we have a few things of note.  The first is this idea of post-horses.  The various circuits around the archipelago had reportedly been set up some time back, even before horses were a thing.   While a single horse would have been rather fast overland, the mention of post-horse system implies a method of travel more akin to the short-lived pony express in the American west, where various post stations were set up across the major highways so that officials could quickly traverse them, riding horseback from one station to the next, where a fresh horse would be waiting for them.  This way the horses themselves could be properly fed and rested, since no single horse could cover all of the ground in a straight up gallop, just as no person could.  Instead, this is something like a relay race, where the envoy Hirafu became the baton passed from horse to horse.  The Pony Express used stations set up at intervals of approximately 5 to 20 miles, so that the horses could be changed out frequently.  Of course, changing horses would also take some time—I've found some sources citing average speeds of only about 10 miles per hour for the Pony Express, but that beats by far the four miles per hour for a fast walker, not to mention the ability to keep going for much longer than just 8 hours a day.  Of course, he would have had to take a boat for at least some of the journey, likely crossing from Kyuushuu over to Honshuu near Shimonoseki or something similar, at which point he could have caught another horse from there.  The resonates with something that goes back to pre-Qin Dynasty times, when kingdoms on the continent would set up not just courier stations with horses, but systems of canal boats, and inns for people to stay overnight on long journeys.  Still, it must have been a grueling experience. That such a means of conveyance could take Hirafu from Kyushu to Yamato, though, implies that Yamato's reach was fairly solid all the way out to the Dazai near modern Fukuoka, at least.  It is unclear how these post stations were set up in regards to the local Miyake, or royal granaries, another government project we've talked about, but either way it demonstrates a certain degree of control over the region. And so Hirafu was able to make it back to the court in time for the ceremonies associated with the mourning of Tamura, aka Jomei Tennou, and the ascension of Her Majesty, Takara no Ohokimi.  He likewise was able to inform the court of Baekje's condolence envoys' imminent arrival and give the court a head's up on the situation in Baekje, where he said that the country was “greatly disturbed”.  When the Baekje envoys themselves arrived, Azumi no Hirafu, Kusakabe no Iwakane, and Yamato no Aya no Agata were sent to ask them about their news. From what we know in the Samguk Sagi, King Wicha of Baekje had just come to the throne.  The previous king, King Mu, died in the third month of 641, so it hadn't even been a year since his death.  Furthermore, we are told that his wife, the mother of King Wicha, had also passed away.  The Baekje envoys asked for the return of prince Saeseong, possibly the younger brother of Prince P'ung, saying he had behaved badly and they wanted to convey him back to the King, but Takara refused.  Presumably, based on context, this was one of the hostages that Yamato held from Baekje, but why they wouldn't turn them over to the Baekje envoys isn't explained.  I suspect it had something to do with the politics of King Wicha coming to the throne, which seems like it may have not been accepted by everyone, as evidenced by his tour of the realm, mentioned in the Samguk Sagi, which was likely a political move to demonstrate his authority over the realm. This colors a lot of what we are going to talk about, so let's try to get some of it straight off the bat.  Unfortunately, as we talked about in Episode 105, some of the Baekje related dates are questionable, and that means that there is a lot here that I'm going to give you where we may have to back track a bit and see if we can put it in the right order.  I'm going to try to give you the information in largely chronological order according to the Nihon Shoki, but then I'll also try and place it where we think it might actually go, so apologies if this feels disjointed. Also, let me take a moment to talk a little bit more about the Baekje royal family, which will become rather important to our narrative.  For one, there is King Wicha, son of King Mu.  Mu passed away in 640 and Wicha came to the throne.  Wicha already had several children of his own, one of whom, Prince Pung, or Prince Pungjang, will feature heavily in both the Japanese and Korean sources, though as we mentioned in episode 105, the dates around Prince Pung's arrival, which the Nihon Shoki has about 630, doesn't match up with what we know.  We are fairly confident that Prince Pung returned to Baekje in 661, which accords with the Nihon Shoki, Samguk Sagi, and Tang records.  However, Best makes a good case that he didn't actually come over to the archipelago until much later—probably 643. He wasn't the only royal prince of Baekje in Yamato, however.  We are told of two others:  Saeseong and Gyoki.  Saeseong is mentioned as being a bit of a troublemaker, and requested to come home, but Yamato refuses to let him go.  Gyoki is said to have caused trouble and been banished with some 40 others out to sea.  I have a suspicion that much of this is misplaced in the Chronicle.  Saesong may have been there first or perhaps came over with Prince Pung—I've seen him mentioned as the younger brother to Prince Pung, but I also wonder if he wasn't the younger brother to King Wicha.  Gyoki, meanwhile, despite what we initially hear about him, is invited to Yamato shortly after that entry and treated like a real celebrity.  It is unclear to me if he is a younger brother to Wicha or an elder brother to Prince Pungjang, but either way, he seems to have been a royal prince that wasn't quite in line for the throne. I suspect that in reality the mission that is listed as coming in 641 was actually much later—possibly in the 650s.  That would explain some of it, including the gossip that the Senior Counselor, Chijeok, died in the 11th month of the previous year, Aston writes off most of this as an unreliable narrative by servants.  Jonathan Best, in his translation of the Samguk Sagi, is a bit more generous and suggests that, much as with Prince Pung-jang, whom the Nihon Shoki records arriving in the 630s but who couldn't reasonably have arrived until the 640s, there was probably a dating issue.  The scribes were using records with the branch and stem system of dates, and so it could easily have been off by a factor of ten or twelve years, at least.  We know, for instance, that there is a record of Senior Counselor Chijeok in the Nihon Shoki in the 7th month of 642, though it says he died in 641.  Furthermore, we have his name on a fragmentary inscription, likely dating to 654, noting him as a patron of a Buddhist monastery.  So it would seem that word of his death was exaggerated or parts of this are coming from later accounts, and the scribes simply made a mistake.  Hence my suggestion that this entire entry might be misplaced.  If so, it would make more sense for Yamato to be asking about the fates of people that they knew, and hence hearing the fates of Chijeok and Gyoki, who had both visited Yamato and would have been known to the court.   Regardless, it likely was the case, as recorded in the Nihon Shoki, that the envoys' ship was anchored in Naniwa harbor and the envoys were put up at the official government residence there, in modern Ohosaka.  This may indicate that the mission mentioning Chijeok and Gyoki got conflated with other entries about the actual envoys of condolence and congratulations. Then, 19 days later, on the 22nd day of the 2nd month, another group of envoys showed up.  This time it was Goguryeo.  As mentioned, Goguryeo had a few things going on, but they still knew how to make an entrance.  For example, the Chronicles mention that high ministers were sent to the district office in Naniwa to inspect the gold and silver that Goguryeo had sent with their envoys, along with other things from their country.  This may have been them trying to get Yamato on their side. That said, Goguryeo had been going through a lot themselves, we are told.  First off, based on the Samguk Sagi accounts, Goguryeo had sent envoys to the Tang in 640.  In 641, the Tang court returned the favor, and in so doing their envoy, the Director of the Bureau of Operations in their Ministry of War, Chen Dade, used it as a chance to spy out the border region.  At every walled town he would offer the local officials gifts of silk, and ask to be allowed to see the scenic spots.  They let him roam freely, so by the time he went back he had an intimate account and understanding of Goguryeo's defenses along the Tang-Goguryeo border.  Goguryeo seems to have been completely unaware of this touristic espionage, but then again, they may have been distracted dealing with their own internal problems. And so the Nihon Shoki reports that the envoys delivered news of this to the court: How the younger prince of Goguryeo died in the 6th month of 641.  Then, in the 9th month, the Prime Minister murdered the king, along with some 180 people.  He then put the son of the younger prince on the throne as king. In the Samguk Sagi, these events appear to happen a year later.  Yon Gaesomun killed King Keonmu in the 10th month of 642 and put Prince Chang, aka Pojang, on the throne.  The Samguk Sagi says he was the younger brother of King Keonmu, the son of King Taeyang—who was the younger brother of King Yeongnyu, so that may be where the Nihon Shoki gets that he was the “son of the younger prince”.  Still, the gist is correct, even if it seems to be off by a year or so.  From here, Goguryeo would be at war with the Tang dynasty for much of the next thirty years, all under the reign of King Pojang.  They were able to fend the Tang off for a while, but the Tang would eventually ally with Silla, and though Baekje seems to have supported Goguryeo in general, Baekje itself was also caught between the Tang and Silla.  They no doubt hoped for Yamato's aid, but while the archipelago may have had warriors, they were still a good ways from the continent, and would likely need to avoid confrontation with Silla, who now controlled all the way to the Nakdong river basin.  Not that they wouldn't try.  Insert dramatic sound effects alluding to a later episode. All that prognosticating aside, at this point, at least from the envoys' point of view, all of the future was unwritten.  Both Goguryeo and Baekje guests were entertained at the Naniwa district office, and envoys were named to Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, and to the no longer extant Nimna—the latter seems to have been, at this point, a not-so-polite fiction between Silla and Yamato that Nimna was still at least semi-independent. It was at this time that Gyoki was also brought to Yamato and lodged in the house of Azumi no Hirafu, the previous envoy to Baekje.  Gyoki likely knew Hirafu from his time at the Baekje court.  This was probably the actual arrival of Gyoki, I suspect. A week or so later, the Silla envoys of congratulations and condolence arrived: congratulations on Takara's ascension and then a group of envoys expressing condolence for her husband's death.  They left after less than two weeks—apparently they simply delivered their message and left, unless there was some other reason having to do with the Baekje and Goguryeo envoys being there at the same time.  No mention is made in the Nihon Shoki of exactly why they turned around so quickly. Meanwhile, Gyoki was living it up.  He's referenced as the Chief Envoy from Baekje at this point—probably the highest ranking individual from the court present.  On the 8th day of the fourth month he attended an audience with Her Majesty, Takara, and then two days later he was partying with Soga no Emishi out at his mansion in Unebi.  Soga no Emishi had good conversations and presented a good horse and twenty bars of iron, but curiously the hostage crown prince, Sesaeng, was not invited to any of this. Given that we know what the Chroniclers think of Soga no Emishi, I'm wondering if there isn't a little bit of that same feeling towards Gyoki.  After all, we were previously told he and some 40 others were exiled, so perhaps this is just leading up to that? Gyoki and his companions were later invited to witness an “archery hunt” in front of the Yosami Miyake in Kawachi.  This is glossed as “Uma-yumi” or “Horse-Bow”, leading one to wonder if this was similar to yabusame, the traditional horsed archery, performed at various shrines each year.  Or perhaps it was one of the other archery games from horseback, many of them much less savory, often using a live animal as the target, usually staked or confined to an area, and the archers circle around and shoot at them. By the 5th month of 642 – a little over three months after Baekje had first arrived with envoys of condolences, we are told that a shipp of Baekje envoys anchored together along with the ship of the Kishi family.  This is likely Naniwa no Kishi, as Naniwa no Kishi no Kuhina had been assigned as envoy to Baekje.  The envoys delivered their goods and Kuhina reported on their mission. Once again, the dates look to be slightly off.  Had Kuhina really traveled to Baekje and back in just three months?  It is possible, but not typically how things were done at the time.  Ships often had to take their time, navigating the Seto Inland Sea and then checking in at modern Fukuoka before following the island chains out to Tsushima.  At that point they could sail around Tsushima, or cross at a narrow part of the island, known today as Kofunakoshi.  We know that this was used from at least the 9th century as a place where ships coming to and from the islands would stop, often transmitting their goods to a local ship on the other side, with a crew that presumably better knew the waters and was under the command of the appropriate government.  In addition, as the ships reached various checkpoints they would stop for a while, and often another ship would be sent ahead to prepare the way for an official delegation.  Since they didn't have phones, something like this would have been required to inform the next post to be ready to receive the visitors. More likely, this would have been Kuhina finally ready to depart to take on his mission with Baekje. Shortly after this, we are told that one of Gyoki's companions died, and then his own child died—we aren't told if it was from disease or something else.  It did provide an opportunity to see some of the cultural differences between Baekje and Yamato at the time, as Gyoki and his wife refused to attend the ceremonies for their late son.  The Chroniclers explained that, in Baekje and Silla, when someone dies, the parents, siblings, and spouse were not supposed to look on them again. For what it's worth, I could find no relationship between this and any contemporary Korean practice.  This may have been something in Baekje and Silla that eventually went away.  Then again, it is possible there was something else going on, and it was misinterpreted by the Wa.  Given that the Chroniclers are dismissive of the practice, it is entirely possible that this was just slanderous rumor, too.  The Chroniclers make a point of saying that the people of Baekje and Silla who practice these kinds of death rites are without feeling, and thus no better than animals.  So, yeah, clearly the Chroniclers were presenting just the facts, right? Gyoki's child was buried in Ishikawa in Kawachi, and Gyoki moved his family to a house in Ohowi, in Kudara—which is to say the area of Kawachi named for Baekje. Two months after he lost his son, on the 22nd day of the 7th month, Senior Counsellor Chicheok and colleagues were entertained at the Yamato court.  This is that same Senior Counsellor previously thought to be dead.  Again, Aston simply treats it as gossip, while I tend to wonder if the records aren't out of order—unless Chijeok was some kind of Baekje Benjamin Button.  Entertainment at the Yamato court apparently included havingvarious people wrestle for their entertainment. Even Prince Gyoki himself entered the contest.  When the banquet was finished they went to pay their respect's at Gyoki's compound, likely stopping by and having a bit of a nightcap. Two weeks later the Baekje envoys tried to leave, but the storms kicked up.  One of the ships was wrecked on the shore.  Fortunately, it seems like those on the boat survived and they were placed on another boat a couple weeks later.  A day after that, the Goguryeo envoys left for their own country. The Baekje envoys finally made it back, we are told, 11 days later, on the 26th day of the 8th month.  Not bad given the journey they had to undertake, and actually a bit hard to believe.  In contrast, the Silla envoys, who left in the 3rd month, apparently only made it as far as the island of Iki, between Kyushu and Tsushima, by the 10th month of 642.  Perhaps they were just going at a more leisurely pace, but it does make it hard to trust that all the records were rearranged in precisely the correct order. As for this period, outside of the Silla envoys, the entire episode, starting on the 2nd day of the 2nd month of 642, finally concluded—mostly—over six months later.  It occupies most of that part of Chronicle, with the exception of the accounts of the weather, drought, and famine. After all of these people had returned to the peninsula, the Nihon Shoki focuses on a few local things from the archipelago.  Soga no Emishi was ordered to raise a levy in Afumi and Koshi to build a temple, the court levied various provinces to make ships—we aren't told why but previously this was often something done in preparation for war—and then Takara ordered Soga no Emishi to build a new palace with levies on various provinces and workmen from Toutoumi and Aki.  That was all in the 9th month, at the end of which, we are told that several thousand Emishi from the Koshi region, where Soga no Emishi had been ordered to levy workers for a temple earlier in the month, submitted to Yamato and were entertained at court. Soga no Emishi himself entertained them at his house and asked them about their welfare. This is all a bit confusing, but let's try to understand some of what might be going on.  First, you may recall in the previous reign there was a mention with General Katana who went to the east to subdue an uprising of Emishi there, so it is possible that this is a continuation of that.  At the same time, these Emishi, we are told, are from the land of Koshi. It is likely that this is evidence of Yamato's increased presence in the northern region of the island of Honshi, which stretched along the northern edge of the Chubu, or middle Honshu, region, including the Noto peninsula and eastward to Tohoku, or the Northeast region.  This had been an important area for various resources, including the source of jade magatama, since at least the early days of the Yayoi period, judging from artifacts discovered at various sites.  It is also a region connected to the current dynasty, in that Wohodo no Ohokimi, aka Keitai Tennou, generally seen as the progenitor of the current line of sovereigns, is said to have come from that region. Furthermore, this region is closely connected to various overseas trade routes.  While the most common route we hear about, at least at this point in the chronicles, is the Seto Inland Sea route, there was also a route along the Japan Sea side of Honshu, which included the areas of Izumo and the port of Tsunuga—modern day Tsuruga—which includes the Kehi shrine, purportedly for a kami who came over from the peninsula.  At least one Goguryeo mission explicitly used this route—whether intentionally or otherwise—to get to Yamato, crossing over to Afumi, aka Lake Biwa, and then taking the rivers south to Naniwa. Michael Como suggests that there is enough evidence to suggest a fairly heavy Goguryeo influence in the region.  He also suggests that the Soga had a good deal of interactions and influences themselves with Goguryeo, pointing out that Shotoku Taishi's teacher had supposedly been a monk from Goguryeo, and that the plan for Asukadera, the Soga temple, with three golden halls around a central pagoda, is extremely similar to temple plans found in Goguryeo and not in Silla and Baekje. I do feel it is worth pointing out that it is very possible that this was not Asukadera's original layout, and it is hard to say how much of the stories surrounding Shotoku Taishi we can trust. Still, Koshi was an area that had a long history of trade with the continent, and the ease of the waterways from Yamato to the Japan Sea would have made it at least strategically useful to the growing state. There is another aspect here, but it is a bit more tenuous.  There are some that suggest that Soga no Emishi's own name, or at least the name as it is handed down to us today, comes from his dealings with the Emishi people.  Here we see him intimately involved in Koshi, in the Emishi coming to submit, and him then hosting them in his own house.  So even if his name is coincidental, there does appear to be some connection there. And we are still in the first year of Takara's reign.  It was in this twelfth month that Okinaga no Yamana no Kimi finally pronounced a eulogy for the entire royal line.  As you may recall, Takara's husband, Tamura, aka Jomei Tennou, had been a member of the Okinaga royal line, so this was likely part of the ceremonies around his death and burial. There is more here about the placement of palaces, which we touched on a lot in the last episode.  There is also a lot about storms, weather, and peach blossoms blooming. Then on the thirteenth day of the third month of 643, the second year of Takara's reign, there was a terrible fire in Naniwa.  The official guest quarters for Baekje burned down, and the houses of the common people also caught fire. This is also around the time that Best suggests that Prince Pungjang, son of King Wicha of Baekje, may have actually arrived, as we discussed earlier.  That actually could be tied to events a month later, when the Dazai in Tsukushi—the government outpost on Kyushu—sent a mounted messenger to Her Majesty, Takara, to let her know that Gyoki's younger brother, the son of the King of Baekje, had arrived.  The Baekje ships, which had arrived in the area of modern Fukuoka around the 21st day of the 4th month finally arrived in Naniwa two months later.  Presumably the Baekje envoys' official guest quarters had been repaired or rebuilt at this point, and several high ministers went to inspect the tribute.  They couldn't help but notice that the tribute this time was less—fewer items and of lower quality that previously.  The Envoys promised that they would make up the shortfall. Around all of this, the drama between the Soga, Prince Naka no Oe, and others was playing out, with Iruka attacking and eventually killing Yamashiro no Oe, all of which was discussed in the last episode.  Meanwhile we get a small line about Prince Pung keeping four hives of bees on Mt. Miwa, but apparently they didn't grow large enough to multiply, so that doesn't seem to have taken off. We'll return to Prince Pungjang later.  For now, we have seen much of the disturbances that were caused and eventually led up to the Isshi Incident in 645, and 644 is full of many long entries about everything that happened, but I don't want to worry about that—we covered most of that last episode.  What I do want to concern ourselves with is the story I started the episode with – the curious tale of a man named Ohofube no Ohoshi, who started up his own millennial cult. Now there has been quite a bit of speculation around this episode, especially given that all we really have is a single entry, dated to the 7th month of 644, and here I'll quote Aston's translation:  “A man of the neighbourhood of the River Fuji in the East Country named Ohofu Be no Oho urged his fellow-villagers to worship an insect, saying: "This is the God of the Everlasting World. Those who worship this God will have long life and riches." At length the wizards and witches, pretending an inspiration of the Gods, said:--"Those who worship the God of the Everlasting World will, if poor, become rich, and, if old, will become young again." So they more and more persuaded the people to cast out the valuables of their houses, and to set out by the roadside sake, vegetables, and the six domestic animals. They also made them cry out: "The new riches have come!" Both in the country and in the metropolis people took the insect of the Everlasting World and, placing it in a pure place, with song and dance invoked happiness. They threw away their treasures, but to no purpose whatever. The loss and waste was extreme. Hereupon Kahakatsu, Kadono no Hada no Miyakko, was wroth that the people should be so much deluded, and slew Ohofu Be no Oho. The wizards and witches were intimidated, and ceased to persuade people to this worship. The men of that time made a song, saying: Udzumasa Has executed The God of the Everlasting World Who we were told Was the very God of Gods. This insect is usually bred on orange trees, and sometimes on the Hosoki. It is over four inches in length, and about as thick as a thumb. It is of a grass-green colour with black spots, and in appearance entirely resembles the silkworm.” This is remarkable in several ways.  For one, we get a glimpse of how a popular cult might get started.  Since it is at this same time the cult of Shotoku Taishi is taking hold in some temples, it is interesting to draw parallels between the two.  Como points this out in his book on Shotoku Taishi, and notes several other things.  For one is the discussion of this “ever-lasting world”, or Tokoyo.  We've heard of Tokoyo before – the  term is found in the Chronicles in the section around the Age of the Gods.  Sukuna Bikona himself leaps off to Tokoyo from a blade of grass in one story, much like an insect himself. Tokoyo is a bit mysterious.  It isn't the land of the dead, where Izanami goes to live when she dies in childbirth.  Neither is it the Great Plain of Heaven, Takama no hara, where Amaterasu dwells.  We have the gods of the Heavens and gods of the Earth, but no gods of Tokoyo.  Indeed, Tokoyo is mentioned, but not well described.  By all accounts it would appear to be a place that spirits go after death to an unchanging world, rather than coming back to this one. This fits in with various other continental ideas starting to come over at the time, especially as part of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition, which included a search for effective ways to reach enlightenment.  There had been feelings for some time that humans were already in the latter days of the law, or Mappo: the concept that the further we get from the time of the Buddha, the more morality would decline and the harder it would be for people to break the chains of materialism and desire that hold them to this plane of existence.  As such, some sects and teachers taught simpler and more expedient methods, in an effort to save all of the sentient beings.  Things like an abbreviated mantra that would help you get into a paradise where you could eventually attain enlightenment certainly had its adherents, especially amongst those who might not have the time or inclination to join the monastery themselves.  The idea of a Pure Land, or Joudo, took off early, This Pure Land, is most commonly connected with Amida Butsu, the Amithaba Buddha.  Sutras referencing Amida and the Pure Land were translated by Kumarajiva as early as the 5th century, and may have been part of the larger corpus of scrolls brought over to the archipelago.  According to the sutra, they say that if you honestly chant Amida Butsu's name just once—often through the phrase “Namu Amida Butsu”—then rather than being reborn again into the world on your death, you would instead be reincarnated in a Pure Land, where you could focus entirely on your own enlightenment for however long it would take, removing yourself from the pain and suffering of this world.  This practice was taught by the Sanron school as well as by the Hossou school in the 7th and 8th centuries, along with other practices.  It would continue to be taught, especially developing in the Tendai sect. Of course chanting “Namu Amida Butsu” was something you could do while working the fields, or doing any other number of profane, yet necessary tasks.  So you can see why this was an attractive idea to many people, even if they didn't have the ability to start a temple or study the scriptures or become monks or nuns themselves, at least in this life. Pure Land belief and practices continued to grow and develop in various Buddhists sects, but really took off as an independent practice in Japan in the Kamakura Period, appealing to warriors and commoners alike with its seemingly simple mantra. Shotoku Taishi himself is closely connected to the Pure Land concept, as Como points out.  He and his teacher, Eija, are both said to have attained the Pure Land upon their deaths.  The famous embroidery, commissioned after Shotoku Taishi's death, known as the Tenjukoku Mandala, presumably also describes a country of Heavenly Long Life.  “Tenjukoku” does not have an immediate connection to any particular continental sect or philosophy, but it does seem to be at least a cognate for some of these other ideas such as the Joudo Pure Land OR the Tokoyo of Ohofube no Ohoshi. Whether Ohoshi was, in fact, influenced by other continental ideas is unclear.  We're not even sure if his was the first use of the concept of “Tokoyo” or if that was an idea already planted in the public consciousness by that time—though if so, I would think it would be a bit more widespread.  One could understand, however, how people who had been through famines, floods, earthquakes, disease, and more might find the idea of an eternal ever-after where they could be rich and young again quite inviting.  Enough people found it so that they apparently were willing to give up everything they owned and place it out on the streets.  Even if this wasn't just a scheme to go and scoop up all the goods and skip town, one can see how this may have been viewed as disruptive and unhealthy for the community, at least by those comfortably seated in power, whose workforce was being pulled away from their labors to this new belief system. The ones who were spreading this good news, while called wizards and witches by Aston, use characters that one could just as easily ascribe to Shinto priests and sacred Miko.  Since Shinto wasn't fully formed as we know it today, I think it might be better to say various ritualists and diviners.  Whether they were true believers or simply “pretending” to be inspired, as the Nihon Shoki says, who can say for certain.  What makes one vision more objectively “true” than another, beyond your own belief and faith? And it should be remembered that bringing in new spiritual ideas wasn't, well, new.  That's how Buddhism got started, and likely was one of the ways that Yamato itself expanded its own influence.  How many other quote-unquote “cults” like this existed, and how many were absorbed into the establishment and how many were cast aside? In this case, it would seem that Ohoshi's main problem was likely that he was attracting the wrong sorts of people, which is to say he was appealing to commoners.  In the Warring States period, we would see a not dissimilar dynamic with the independent Joudo Shinshu, a sect of Pure Land Buddhism, supporting commoners in what became known as the ikkou ikki.  They formed communities that helped each other, but at the same time bucked the yoke of the local daimyo and others.  This would bring about violent retribution from warlords like Oda Nobunaga, who wasn't having any of it. Similarly, as the Tokoyo sect spread into Yamashiro and down into the capital region, Kadono no Hata no Miyatsuko no Kawakatsu decided to take matters into his own hands.  Ostensibly, he was upset that people would be so deluded, and under that pretext, he had Ohoshi killed and his followers intimidated.  Cutting the head off the snake, as it were, caused the body to wither, and apparently the Tokoyo cult was not so everlasting after all. And here's where we bring things back around.  You may recall Hata no Kawakatsu, or at least his family.  The progenitor of the Hata family was called Uzumasa, and even today their name is affixed to an area of Kyoto, which was built in the old Hata territory.  Hence the poem about Uzumasa executing the God of the Everlasting World. That area, from Lake Biwa down to Naniwa, is on that corridor from Yamato to Koshi.  The Hata themselves are connected with the continent—especially with Silla.   The Hata temple of Kouryuuji even has a Silla image said to have been obtained by Shotoku Taishi and given to them.  Along with Shitennoji, it is one of several Silla-influenced temples that helped promote the cult of Shotoku Taishi.  It is, of course, possible that we are reading way too much into this.  Some of these things could just be coincidence, but then again, why was it written down and why did the Chroniclers feel that it was important to spend ink on the process?  That's the real question here.   And what more was going on that never got written down, or at least not clearly?  It is likely that we will never truly know the answer to all of these questions.  Unless some ancient documents are found from the period that miraculously survived, with significantly different stories, it would be hard to say much more, but that doesn't mean we can't wonder. But that's all we'll do for now.  At this point, I think we've covered these years from 642 to 645 as best we could, and it is probably time to move on.  I'm not going to prognosticate on next episode just yet, other than to say that we will eventually need to talk about the Taika Reforms—the Great Change.  But that may take a little more time to research so that we can do it properly, but we'll see. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

This week on the Revised Introduction to Japanese History: our first foray into the age of civil war! We're looking to understand the conflicts of the Sengoku by examining the rapid falls from power during this time of the Yamana and Hosokawa clans.  Show notes here.

On this week's show we review the Victrola Hi-Res Carbon Turntable that retails for $599. We also read your emails and take a look at the week's news. News: Apple's Vision Pro Won't Launch With Netflix App Plex is about to launch a store for movies and TV shows Netflix Will Be The New Home of WWE Monday Night Raw in 2025 Is Hollywood Headed for a Massive Crash? Other:  Samsung expands self-repair program to include home entertainment devices CSS-Audio Torii Tower Youtube Shorts Playlist Victrola Hi-Res Carbon Turntable In an era dominated by digital music and streaming, the Victrola Hi-Res Carbon Turntable emerges as a beacon of nostalgia, offering a captivating journey back to the golden age of vinyl - but with a few modern twists. Designed for discerning audio enthusiasts and music aficionados alike, this remarkable record player promises superior performance and effortless setup, making it a highly recommended addition to any audiophile's collection. It retails for $599. Overview Product highlights: semi-automatic belt-driven turntable built-in Bluetooth with high-quality aptX HD and aptX Adaptive streaming to compatible speakers and headphones anti-resonant die-cast aluminum platter straight carbon fiber tonearm Ortofon 2M Red moving magnet cartridge on removable curved headshell included auto-stop feature (user must select "auto-stop" using button on rear of turntable) platter starts spinning when you hover the tonearm over the leading edge of a record platter stops spinning at the end of a side switchable built-in phono preamp adjustable anti-skating and counterweight speeds: 33-1/3 and 45 rpm Connections: gold plated RCA output with ground for making wired connection to an existing hi-fi system detachable power cord Performance specs: wow and flutter: 0.175% signal-to-noise ratio: 45dB   Setup The Victrola Hi-Res Carbon is designed to be user-friendly, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free setup process even for those new to turntables. As soon as you open the box, before you even pull the player out, you're greeted with a clear diagram and description of the 7 steps required to get the unit to start playing records. The diagram has clear and concise instructions guiding you through each of the fairly typical steps involved in setting up a turntable. If you've done it before, you know the steps; if you've never done it, the steps are simple. It is the easiest record player we've ever set up. Depending on how you opt to install, you can be listening to vinyl in under 5 minutes. The turntable has two output options, there are RCA connectors in the back that you can run to a traditional amplifier and speakers. But it also has Bluetooth - so you can send your music to your bluetooth speakers totally wirelessly. We set it up so we could test both options. For the RCA wired connection we used a Yamaha A-S701 amplifier powering a set of Ara Derderian signature tower speakers. For Bluetooth we got our hands on a couple different pairs of AptX headphones. We didn't have any AptX wireless speakers to test with, but the headphones gave us a pretty good idea of what to expect. All told, from unboxing to savoring the first notes of your cherished records, the entire experience is streamlined and simple. Performance As simple as it is to install, where the Victrola Hi-Res Carbon truly shines is in its exceptional audio performance. We compared it with Braden's current record player, a Yamaha MusicCast VINYL 500 turntable that retails for $100 more than the Victrola at $699. The audio performance difference between the two was astonishing. We would play a song from an album on one player, then transfer the record to the other player and listen to it again. The first time we went from Yamana to Victrola, we had to double check that nobody bumped the EQ. The base was cleaner and more pronounced, everything in each song we tested just sounded better, clearer, more dynamic coming from the Vicrtola.  It's rare for one piece of home audio gear to so wildly change your view of the world. Listening to records is a fun, nostalgic experience. Oftentimes you revel in and enjoy some of the static, the crackling and popping that we remember so fondly from our youth. But with records, we never really stop to ask ourselves if what we're hearing is the best that record can sound. You pull out a record, you play it, and that's it. But the Victrola has changed, at least Braden's approach, to record players - it made every record we played sound better than his Yamaha.    Next step was testing Bluetooth performance. You'd be surprised how rare AptX still is in headphones, so we had to procure a few pairs to make sure we were hearing the best the Victrola could offer, and it did not disappoint. While the listening experience is vastly different between a pair of tower speakers and a pair of wireless headphones, The Victrola performed incredibly well. The music sounded clear, clean and very rich. We can imagine that paired with a set of high quality AptX wireless speakers, the Victrola will blow you away. To be fair, the Yamaha has a few more bells and whistles than the Victrola, which may explain the higher price tag. In addition to Bluetooth (tho not AptX), the Yamaha has MusicCast built-in so you can send the audio around your house if you have a MusicCast compatible system. It also allows you to stream music services with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, AirPlay 2 or Spotify Connect and has voice control with A-Lady and Google Assistant devices or S-Lady via AirPlay 2. With records, you have to flip them or change them every 4-5 songs. The streaming capabilities of the Yamaha allow you to listen to music without as much maintenance, which can come in handy at times. Not to be outdone, Victrola offers an upgraded version of the Hi-Res Carbon called the Stream Carbon that works with Sonos - it retails for $799. If you're in the Sonos ecosystem, it's worth a look. Aesthetically the Victrola Hi-Res Carbon is gorgeous. Minimal, clean, very sleek. Its stylish and subtle design not only exudes elegance but also  ensures stability and durability. Crafted from premium materials, this record player is built to last, promising years of sonic bliss and conversations started. While the Yamaha includes a built in dust cover, the Victrola includes a removable dust cover. The built-in cover is very convenient, but there's no denying how great the Victrola looks with the cover removed while you're spinning a record. With the Yamaha it always sits under the plastic cover, but in the open air the Victrola looks like a statement piece. Conclusion: For those seeking a record player that harmonizes impeccable performance with ease of setup, the Victrola Hi-Res Carbon is an excellent choice. Its user-centric design, exceptional sound quality, and meticulous craftsmanship make it a strong contender for anyone who loves vinyl or for those who think they might enjoy getting into vinyl. It more than delivers on the pristine and vibrant sound quality that you didn't know you were missing. Marry the Hi-Res Carbon with a pair of high res Bluetooth AptX speakers and you have a turntable-in-a-box system that will put any of the all-in-one units on the market to shame - and the setup is just as simple! If you're in the Sonos ecosystem, check out the Stream Carbon. What you lose in Bluetooth you gain in Sonos integration and an app for setup.   

Richard Hatem joins Mike and Chris to talk about the final episodes of Season 5 of Barney Miller. It was a very strong season and ends with a very poignant episode wherein the members of the "Old One Two" reminisce about Jack Soo, the actor, and Yamana, the character.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/4186832/advertisement

As the Onin War continued to ravage the capital, it sparked regional conflicts and forced the Shugo-daimyo  and peasants to fend for themselves amid the civil war. When the war was over, the political power of the Shogunate reached an all-time low.Support the show

Ashikaga Yoshimasa wanted to retire from the office of Shogun, so he chose his brother Yoshimi to be his successor. In 1465, however, his wife gave birth to a son. As two powerful clans each threw their weight behind a different candidate, war became imminent.Support the show

After Agnico Eagle Mines and Pan American Silver announced that they would acquire Yamana Gold in November, the Quebec miner is not expected to slow its pace.  On Friday Maple Gold Mines' Matthew Hornor made the remarks while recording Kitco Roundtable with mining audiences manager Michael McCrae and Kitco correspondent Paul Harris.  Maple Gold Mines (TSX.V: MGM) is a Canadian advanced exploration company in a 50/50 joint venture with Agnico Eagle Mines to jointly advance the district-scale Douay and Joutel gold projects located in the Abitibi Greenstone Gold Belt of Quebec, Canada.  With the $4.8 billion Yamana deal set to go through, Agnico Eagle Mines (AEM) is set to control all of Quebec-situated Canadian Malartic, Canada's largest gold mine. Hornor said Agnico is not going to slow.  "They need to have projects in every stage of the pipeline, and we represent for them what could ultimately be a very large, important camp," said Hornor.

In what is a transformational high point, Benford Mokoatle will run Gold Fields South Africa from January 1 when Martin Preece steps up as interim CEO following the sudden stepdown of Chris Griffith over the Yamana Gold transaction not succeeding. The Gold Fields South Africa executive VP position goes to Mokoatle for now as Preece – a 37-year industry veteran and a board member of the Minerals Council South Africa – leads the company until a full-time CEO is appointed. As VP South Deep, a de facto GM position, Mokoatle worked alongside Preece to send the once troubled South Deep gold mine into a new high production orbit. Mokoatle's assumption of the EVP Gold Fields South Africa mantle makes for the smoothest of baton changes – a smoothness that would be replicated should Preece – who has shot the lights out in everything he has tackled for Gold Fields so far – be appointed to the top job full time. Meanwhile, internal and external candidates will be considered as global executive search firms conduct a CEO search. Preece, who joined Gold Fields as an executive committee member six years ago, has full board support in his interim CEO role. He will work alongside CFO Paul Schmidt, a seasoned Gold Fields campaigner since 2008. In response to Mining Weekly during a media conference call, Preece expressed ultra-confidence in the team that will be running South Deep, Gold Fields' only remaining South Africa asset: “There's been a great team at South Deep for a number of years now,” he said. Griffith's step down will be effective from December 31. In thanking Griffith for the dedication he showed especially during the Yamana transaction, Gold Fields chairperson Yunus Suleman said: “We were all disappointed that the Yamana deal did not go through, as we felt it was a compelling deal which would have created a strong company and created value for all our shareholders.” In turn, Griffith thanked the board for the opportunity to lead Gold Fields. “The board and I agree that the company's strategy, including growing the value and quality of the portfolio, continues to be the right one, but we also felt that the Yamana setback should not be allowed to impede the company's strategy. So, as CEO, I felt that I should take responsibility and allow the company to move forward under new leadership, unencumbered by the Yamana transaction.” Said Preece: “Our focus remains on implementing our strategy and continuing to deliver operational excellence and sustainable growth. Disciplined capital allocation will remain a key focus for all our strategic decision-making as Gold Fields continues to implement its strategy.” Gold Fields' balance sheet remains healthy, providing the Johannesburg- and New York-listed gold mining company with significant flexibility to pursue its strategic objectives. The turnaround of South Deep has been sustained, with the mine performing well and on track to ramp up to around 380 000 oz over the next two to three years. Gold Fields is also focused on delivering the first gold at Salares Norte in Chile by the end of the second quarter of next year and then building up to full production in 2024.

South Africa-based Gold Fields will continue to execute on its strategy of improving the quality and value of its assets and, in time, will pursue other strategic opportunities, CEO Chris Griffith said on Wednesday. The JSE- and NYSE-listed company has walked away from its deal to buy Canadian miner Yamana Gold, after refusing to be dragged into a bidding war with rivals Agnico Eagle Mines and Pan American Silver, which offered $4.8-billion in cash and shares for Yamana. “We were not willing to compromise our prudent approach to capital allocation by getting into a bidding war – no matter how compelling the assets,” Griffith said. Speaking on a media call following the failed bid, he said Gold Fields was disappointed with the outcome, as the group believed that it had put forward a compelling deal, which would have led to a stronger company for both sets of shareholders. Although the acquisition of Yamana would have been a good way to execute on the group's growth strategy, Griffith stressed that it was “not the only and won't be the only” option available to the company. “We have a number of assets that are of interest to us as part of our due diligence process. We will now, in the same discipline process, consider those other options in time to come as part of our broader strategy,” he told journalists, but said that it was too early to comment on what exactly the next opportunity for Gold Fields may be. “The board has given us a clear direction to execute our strategy of improving the quality and value of our portfolio of assets and that is what we intend to do. The Gold Fields of today was built on disciplined M&A [mergers and acquisitions] and disciplined operations. We intend to maintain that discipline.” Griffith said he was confident that the board "100% had his back", when questioned about whether he felt his job was safe following the failed deal. The all-stock transaction, announced in May, has attracted criticism from some shareholders and resulted in Gold Fields' share price falling sharply. "We certainly feel no shame in saying that we evaluated a number of opportunities and that we decided to chase down what we thought was the best opportunity. The board and the management team collectively looked at all the options that were available to us and believe this was the best opportunity on the table. We are not apologetic about chasing down what we think is the best opportunity." The CEO also pushed back against a suggestion that the several months-long bidding process was a waste of time. "It certainly was not a waste of time, both in terms of strategy and actually also the landing of a $300-million breaking fee," Griffith said. Gold Fields will be receiving the break fee, which amounts to about R5.3-billion, in the coming days.. The group has not decided yet what it plans do with the cash, other than saying that it will form part of the normal capital allocation process. This could include paying cash back to shareholders, investing in future opportunities, or reducing debt. “All of those are great ways to return value to shareholders,” Griffith said. Commenting on the dividend policy that Gold Fields announced in July to sweeten its offer for Yamana, he said that the new policy of paying shareholders a dividend of 30% to 45% of normalised earning remained unchanged. However, the promise of a 45% payout for the 2023 dividend would fall away.

Kobus Nell, portefeuljebestuurder by Stanlib gesels oor of Gold Fields sy aanbod moes verhoog het en of die skeidingsfooi 'n normale fooi vir transaksies van hierdie omvang is.

Andrew Bahlmann - Chief Executive, Deal Leaders International

The metals sector ended the week on a positive note with a big bounce for most metals and news that Yamana attracted a new suitor.  On Saturday mining audiences manager Michael McCrae recorded Kitco Roundtable. Gold prices surged nearly $50 on Friday as the latest U.S. jobs report clarified some of the Federal Reserve's mixed messages, and China signaled a possible easing of its Covid-Zero policy, wrote Kitco reporter Anna Golubova.Gold has had a spectacular start to November after reporting the longest streak of monthly losses in more than five decades.In mining news Yamana, which agreed to a takeover by Gold Fields in the spring, received a new bid from Agnico Eagle Mines and Pan American Silver.  Under the new offer Yamana would get $1 billion in cash and 153.5 million common shares of Pan American and approximately 36.1 million common shares of Agnico.The Yamana board said the bid from Agnico and Pan American is superior, and Yamana supports the new bid. 

Canadian miner Pan American Silver has tossed its hat into the ring to acquire fellow miner Yamana Gold, teaming up with Agnico Eagle Mines in an unsolicited proposal to buy the company that South Africa-based Gold Fields has its eye on. Pan American Silver and Agnico Eagle on Friday delivered a binding offer to the Yamana board, pursuant to which Pan American would acquire all the issued and outstanding common shares of the company and Yamana would sell certain subsidiaries and partnerships which hold its Canadian assets to Agnico Eagle. This would include the Canadian Malartic mine, allowing Agnico Eagle to consolidate its ownership in one of the world's biggest gold mines. Under the offer, Pan American would acquire all the issued and outstanding common shares for total consideration consisting of $1.0-billion in cash and the issuance of about 153.5-million common shares of Pan American and about 36.1-million common shares of Agnico Eagle. Shareholders of Yamana would receive $1.0406 in cash, 0.0376 of an Agnico share and 0.1598 of a Pan American share for each Common share held, for an aggregate value of $5.02 a share. The offer is not subject to any financing condition or additional due diligence. Yamana said in a statement that the new offer constituted a “superior proposal” in accordance with the terms of the arrangement agreement with Gold Fields. The South Africa-based gold major has five business days to match the offer. Yamana noted that its board had not changed its recommendation regarding the pending transaction with Gold Fields and that the special meeting of shareholders to consider the Gold Fields arrangement remained scheduled for November 21. The board has unanimously recommended voting in favour of the Gold Fields arrangement. Some investors have called into question the all-stock takeover by Gold Fields, currently valued at C$6.8-billion. Van Eck Associates, the biggest Yamana investor and the third-biggest shareholder in Gold Fields, is critical of the transaction, according to Canadian newspaper Globe and Mail. Portfolio manager Joe Foster called the deal “poorly structured” and said the market did not understand the strategy behind the deal. Another Gold Fields investor, Redwheel, has also for the transaction to be scrapped. GOLD FIELDS SAYS ITS DEAL REMAINS SUPERIOR Gold Fields responded on Friday that it believed its offer was "demonstrably superior" to the joint offer by Pan American and Agnico Eagle. The complementary nature of Yamana's assets to the Gold Fields portfolio would create "significantly greater near-term and long-term value" for the shareholders of both companies than the new offer. "It is clear that the Gold Fields offer remains strategically and financially superior to the joint offer with higher quality assets, lower operational and execution risk and higher sustained returns, given Gold Fields enjoys the free cash flow, balance sheet profile and technical capabilities to unlock the full potential of Yamana's assets," the company stated. Gold Fields also noted that the emergence of another offer indicated that other mining companies were seeing the inherent value in Yamana's assets. PRECIOUS METAL MAJOR TO BE BORN Meanwhile, Pan American said that the Yamana acquisition would establish it as a major precious metals producer in Latin America, with about 28.5-million to 30-million ounces of yearly silver production and about 1.1-million to 1.2-million ounces of yearly gold production. "The combination of our existing portfolio with Yamana's high-quality assets in Latin America would create a powerful precious metals mining company in the Americas with leading exposure to silver, and represents an exciting opportunity for growth for both Yamana and Pan American shareholders. “Our established presence and expertise in Latin America will enable us to leverage the synergies and growth potential of Yamana's assets in the region in a way that is highly complementary to Pan American's exis...

Chris Griffith, CEO at Gold Fields defends the company's plan to buy Yamana Gold.     Wayne Duvenage, CEO at Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse looks at whether motorists can get their e-toll money back from Sanral after the finance minister, Enoch Godowngwan announced a plan to rid it of its debt.      For Friday File, The Money Show celebrated World Global Champagne Day with the help of Steven Steinfeld, The Joburg Foodie, who gave five tips to elevate your experience of Champagne.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Just weeks ahead of a crucial shareholder vote, Gold Fields is talking shop to try win more support for its proposed takeover of Yamana Gold. This comes as some investors have expressed concern about the transaction, saying its too expensive. Business Day TV spoke to Mining Analyst at Mergence Corporate Solutions, Peter Major for his take on the proposed deal and Gold Field's logic.

The board and management team of Gold Fields have unanimously recommended the implementation of the Yamana Gold transaction, Gold Fields chairperson Yunus Suleman stated in a letter to shareholders on Monday. An independent evaluation has estimated Yamana's mineral asset value at between $6-billion and $8-billion, in line with Gold Fields' initial all-share offer of $6.7-billion. “What we are seeing now is an underlying valuation on a fairly conservative basis. It has actually confirmed the value and the upside we can see in addition to that certainly shows that there's sufficient value and upside value available for both sets of shareholders in the combined company report,” Gold Fields CEO Chris Griffith said during a conference covered by Mining Weekly. “We're hoping for the outcome to be positive,” added Griffith of the transaction, which Suleman stated has the potential to drive strong near-term cash flow to support prioritising shareholder distributions and internally finance capital spend. The all-share transaction requires the approval of 75% of Gold Fields shareholders, while Yamana needs 66.67% support. A transaction circular has been issued for an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders on November 22. Application will be made for the admission of the Gold Fields shares to be issued pursuant to the transaction listing and trading on the main board of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, as well as the New York and Toronto stock exchanges. Under consideration for acquisition are: 100% of Jacobina, an operating underground gold mine in Brazil with life-of-mine (LoM) payable production of 5.7-million ounces of gold; a 50% joint venture (JV) interest in Canadian Malartic, an operating opencast and underground gold mine located in Canada with LoM payable gold production of 5.1-million ounces of gold on an attributable basis; 100% of El Peñón, an operating opencast and underground gold and silver mine in Chile with LoM payable production of 1.5-million ounces of gold and 42.9-million ounces of silver; 100% of Minera Florida, an operating underground gold and silver mine, with zinc deposits, in Chile with LoM payable production of 1.7-million ounces of gold and 3.3-million ounces of silver; 100% of Cerro Moro, an operating opencast and underground gold and silver mine in Argentina with LoM payable production of 0.6-million of gold and 28.4-million ounces of silver; A 56% JV interest in MARA project, a copper, gold, silver and molybdenum development-stage project in Argentina with LoM payable production of 1.4-million ounces of gold, 22.1-million ounces of silver, 5 467-million pounds of copper and 150-million ounces of molybdenum on an attributable basis; and 100% of Wasamac project, a development-stage gold project located in Canada with commercial gold production planned for the fourth quarter of 2027, and a LoM payable production of 2.3-million ounces of gold. As at June 30, year-to-date production for the operating assets of Yamana are 97 000 oz of gold from Jacobina; 168 000 oz of gold from Canadian Malartic, on a 50% attributable basis; 88 000 oz of gold and 1 288 000 oz of silver from El Penon; 34 000 oz of gold from Minera Florida; and 56 000 oz of gold and 3 268 000 oz of silver from Cerro Moro. At the general meeting, Gold Fields CEO Chris Griffith will discuss the proposed transaction in which Gold Fields will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares in the share capital of Yamana, in a share-exchange transaction. Gold Fields' commitments include ongoing delivery of South Deep gold mine in Gauteng and the Salares Norte project in Chile. Yamana assets are described as representing a combination of asset quality, jurisdictional profile, extensive portfolio and growth optionality, environmental, social and governance credentials and alignment to Gold Fields' core competencies.

Enjoy this week's episode of Redolence Radio hosted by Argentininan DJ & Producer KINTAR, authentic mystic and ethnic sound that immerses the crowd into a unique journey. Taking organic and ancient instruments from different cultures, he mixes them with synthesizers to create a distinctive electronic sound. He has released music on labels such as: Watergate, Monaberry, MoBlack & Sudam; often featuring on the Beatport charts. KINTAR is founder of Sudam, his own Ibiza based label. Some of his latest releases including "Sophie", "Yamana" & “Seps Sizophumelela” featured in Black Coffee's sets and charted at No1 on his Spotify Mix Set. To date his career has seen him DJ in more than 50 countries around the world, from Canada to Azerbaijan, Aruba to Russia, South Africa to Indonesia. Often booked thanks to the recognition from his own productions, he is a regular in the Ibiza superclubs such as Privilege, Heart, Pacha & Blue Marlin. Other club highlights include Stadium Jakarta, Krystal Bucharest and Space Sharm, while also playing festivals such as Ultra, Esto Es Tulum. In previous summers, KINTAR was resident at Pacha Ibiza with Elements every Wednesday, while also running his own events at Blue Marlin Ibiza and hosting Esto es Tulum Mexican Festival World Tour. Summer 2021 saw Kintar launch his own new worldwide brand SUMMERIANS with events running weekly on Sundays at Blue Marlin Ibiza to great acclaim. Additional highlights of 2021 were gigs alongside BLACK COFFEE at USHUAIA Ibiza and Tulum. Following the summer season, Kintar took the SUMMERIANS brand to the Riviera Maya coast and hosted a weekly residency on Fridays at Vagalume Tulum Enjoy this Afro Organic Journey with KINTAR featuring Queen Rami, Chaleee - Deza and Nadia Boulif - Qamari on Redolent! 01. Shouse - Won't Forget You 02. Da Mike - West To The Moon 03. Pablo Fierro - Nomada 04. Luzon - Manilla Sunrise (Kintar Private Remix) 05. Sweet Poison - DJ Tomer & Ricardo Ft Zoya (Badbox Remix) 06. Queen Rami, Chaleee - Deza (Original Mix) (Redolent Music) 07. Sandhaus, Koabein, Sound Of Bam - Simbabwe (Kintar Remix) 08. Badbox, Dr Feel, Native Tribe, Da Q Bic 09. Kintar, Angelos - Cala Del Sol (Sudam Recordings)  10. Nadia Boulif - Qamari [Redolent Music] 11. Mörda & Vanco  ft Xelimpilo - Xele 12. Timanti - Voices of a Scared Land (Feat Seraphim Bit-Kharibi) This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

Astra Exploration offers their shareholders leverage to the price of precious metals through exceptional discovery potentialTheir exploration jurisdiction, the Paleocene Mineral Province of Northern Chile, lies within one of the most mineral-rich regions of the world. It has significant potential to host additional precious metals deposits like Yamana's world-class El Peñón mine, which has a known total endowment of over 7M oz of gold and 207M oz of silver.

Merger and acquisition activity has been gathering steam in South Africa, particularly in the listed space. Developments include takeover talks between MTN and Telkom; the Implats and RBPlats merger deal as well as Gold Fields acquiring Yamana. Business Day TV caught up with Telcos Analyst, Irnest Kaplan to discuss the proposed MTN-Telkom deal, while the CEO of Deal Leaders International joined us for a broader conversation on M&A activity.​

Gold mining company Gold Fields on Monday announced that it would be enhancing its dividends and applying to list on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) in response to the shareholders of Yamana Gold Inc, which it is taking steps to acquire. The transaction, for which October is a targeted conclusion month, will require the approval of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by Yamana Gold shareholders voting in person or represented by proxy at a special meeting of Yamana shareholders called for that purpose. The issuance of Gold Fields' shares under the Transaction is also subject to the approval of at least 75% of the voting rights exercised on such resolution by Gold Fields' shareholders at a special meeting of Gold Fields' shareholders called to approve the Transaction. Ontario Superior Court of Justice approval is among the approvals to which the transaction is subject. Gold Fields has proposed acquisition of all the outstanding common shares of TSX-listed Yamana, including additional information on the quality and investment case of the combined company. Gold Fields believes that enhancing dividends and listing on the TSX will improve the value of the transaction to shareholders. Gold Fields stated that, given its strong conviction on cash flows, it would revise its dividend policy to enable it to declare an interim and final dividend in respect of each financial year, based on 30% to 45% of the normalised earnings attributable to owners of the parent. Furthermore, and subject to attaining the relevant normalised earnings and the applicable legal and board approvals required to declare a dividend, Gold Fields would target paying a dividend at the top end of the revised dividend policy, which is 45% of normalised earnings, for the 2023 dividend cycles – being the 2023 interim and final dividends – following implementation of the proposed acquisition. In addition, Gold Fields would apply to have its securities listed on the TSX, subject to the completion of the transaction, to provide shareholders additional flexibility at limited incremental cost. The TSX listing would be in addition to Gold Fields' existing primary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and secondary listing of American depositary shares on the New York Stock Exchange. Gold Fields CEO Chris Griffith expressed the belief that the Yamana acquisition would deliver on our strategy to grow the value and quality of the company's portfolio, by creating a winning combination of excellent assets with complementary operational strengths and proactively addressing industry wide production and reserve replacement challenges. “Gold Fields has proven capacity to unlock the full potential of Yamana's world class assets which will give us a stronger capital markets profile and enable us to generate superior shareholder returns. “The board and management team remain steadfast in their belief in the long-term benefits that this deal will bring to both sets of shareholders. “Having explored both organic growth and bolt-on acquisitions, moving now to complete this transaction is the best opportunity for both speed of delivery and value to accelerate the next phase of the company's growth,” said Griffith. Yamana is seen as providing a strategic fit to Gold Fields' new Salares Norte mine, which is due to come on stream in the Atacama region of northern Chile early next year. Among the assets Yamana will bring to Gold Fields are the El Peñón underground gold-silver mine, also in Chile's Atacama. (Also see attached graphic). In addition are the Tarkwa-like Jacobina gold mine in Brazil, Mara in Argentina, which a feasibility study is dye by year-end, ad the Canadian Malartic in in Canada. Griffith expressed confidence that now is the time to invest in the right asset pipeline given the global scarcity of quality assets that are long-life, low cost, and located in appealing jurisdictions. He expressed the conviction in a media briefing covered by Mining Weekly that the propose...

Gold Fields says its proposed takeover offer of Yamana Gold will allow it to increase its dividend payouts to between 30% and 45% from 20% to 35% previously. This could make the deal more attractive to shareholders who have been skeptical of the move. Business Day TV spoke to CEO Chris Griffith for more detail.

Yamana Gold Inc. is a Canada-based precious metals producer. The Company has gold and silver production, development stage properties, exploration properties, and land positions throughout the Americas, including Canada, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. The Company's principal producing mining properties are comprised of the Canadian Malartic mine in Canada, the Jacobina mine in Brazil, the El Penon and Minera Florida mines in Chile and the Cerro Moro mine in Argentina. The Company's projects include the MARA project in Argentina and the Wasamac project in Canada. The Canadian Malartic mine, in which the Company holds a 50% interest, is located in the Abitibi region of Quebec near the town of Val-d'Or. Minera Florida is an underground gold mine located in central Chile, approximately 75 kilometers southwest of Santiago. The Cerro Moro is a gold-silver operation located in the Santa Cruz province of Argentina approximately 70 km south of the port city of Puerto Deseado.

A top-10 investor in South Africa's Gold Fields on Friday urged the miner to cancel its planned takeover of Canada-based Yamana Gold, saying the $6.7-billion transaction was expensive and did not guarantee growth and profitability. Shares in the South African miner plunged 20% on May 31, when it announced the all-share transaction that would make it a top four global gold producer, amid concerns over valuation and shareholder dilution. The stock has not recovered since. Redwheel, which holds 3.38% of Gold Fields, on Friday became the first major investor to publicly call for the deal to be scrapped, saying the share price decline showed that the market believed the miner had made a "serious error" in pursuing Yamana. "Redwheel has been a significant investor in Goldfields for several years and we believe that the company should withdraw the offer and concentrate on the excellent organic growth options which it already owns," it said in an open letter to Gold Fields' board published on its website. While the market reaction to the deal has been mostly negative, some analysts believe Gold Fields could benefit from expanding its size and geographical diversification, ahead of the next gold price rally. "Gold Fields has been unduly punished by the market. They are leaders of disciplined growth in LatAm, hence a bigger platform in the region provides an expanded base for real value creation with a Tier 1 asset in Canada to boot," Christopher Kololian, RBC's Co-Head of EMEA Mining & Metals, said.

Goldfields CEO Chris Griffith discusses the bid for Toronto-based Yamana that will vault the company into the big league of global gold miners and the concerns of shareholders who seem to not be impressed by this move. He went on to describe the issues facing the mining industry and whether or not the country is still a solid bet for gold mining and investment. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

HR PERCEK: Mikor alapítsunk céget? - Vállalkozói iskola HR szemmel 1. rész - Deák Andrea, Greensearch Kft. ügyvezető igazgatója. ARANYKÖPÉS: Morgan Freeman. GONDOLKODOM, TEHÁT VAGYON: Mi a helyzet az oltalmakkal az ukrán-orosz háború miatt kialakult helyzetben? - Lábody Péter, az SZTNH jogi elnökhelyettese. PIACI HOTSPOT : a FED a héten elkezdi a két hónappal ezelőtt bejelentett mérlegcsökkentést; a Gold Fields megveszi a Yamana Goldot, így létrejöhet a világ negyedik legnagyobb aranykitermelő cége; a Deutsche Banknál volt egy méretes razzia, zöld alapok működését vizsgálták; a Credit Suisse lehetséges tőkemeléséről pletykál a Reuters - Kababik József, az Erste Befektetési Zrt. üzletkötője.

Shareholders were unimpressed by the proposed $6.7bn price which SA's Gold Fields Limited has agreed on to buy Canadian peer Yamana Gold. The acquiring company's share price dropped 22% on the news and shows little signs of recovering, But Gold Fields CEO Chris Griffith believes Mr Market has this one wrong - and in this podcast with BizNews founder Alec Hogg, shares the message he has been sharing during face-to-face discussions in his US roadshow. The message: hang in there - once the analysts fully digest what this deal actually means, they'll be a lot more positive.

Chris Griffith – CEO, Gold Fields

Chris Griffith – CEO, Gold Fields www.moneyweb.co.za

Gold Fields in US$6.7B Yamana deal, Aurania finds Ecuador lost city with Metron, Minera Alamos Santana update, Adventus Mining and Salazar Resources receive ESIA technical approval for Curipamba-El Domo and E2Gold receives a C$3 million investment from Kinross Gold.

JSE- and NYSE-listed Gold Fields and Americas-focused gold producer Yamana Gold have entered into a definitive agreement under which Gold Fields will acquire all of the outstanding common shares of Yamana Gold pursuant to a plan of arrangement. The transaction implies a valuation for Yamana of $6.7-billion. Upon closing of the transaction, it is anticipated that Gold Fields shareholders and Yamana shareholders will own about 61% and 39% of the combined group, respectively. The acquisition of Yamana by Gold Fields is expected to significantly strengthens the ability of the combined company to deliver on Gold Fields' three strategic pillars – maximising asset potential; advancing environmental, social and governance (ESG) commitment; and growing the value and quality of its asset portfolio. The combined group is said to have the potential to create considerable long-term value for shareholders through greater scale, an industry-leading portfolio of assets, an enhanced production profile with significant growth potential, operational and geological synergies, and a strengthened financial profile for future growth and shareholder returns. Gold Fields CEO Chris Griffith told Mining Weekly the transaction was entirely aligned with part of Gold Field's strategy towards growing the value and the quality of the company's portfolio of assets. He explained that, once the company finishes the construction of the Salares Norte project, in Chile, it will not have any new developments or exploration projects in the pipeline, and once it reaches a peak production of 2.8-million ounces of gold when Salares Norte comes on stream, its production profile would begin dropping off. Therefore, Gold Fields has been evaluating many different companies and individual projects, and Yamana was identified as being the most suitable acquisition target owing to its portfolio of assets holding the potential to grow the quality and the value of Gold Fields' portfolio of assets, Griffith notes. Moreover, he says Gold Fields also wants to bulk up its South American operations, as it only has a single asset in Peru and a single asset in Chile, which is not an efficient approach towards the region. Moreover, the company has also been keen to enter Canada for some time, and Yamana provides that access. The combined company would have 14 operating assets, a production pathway to four-million ounces a year, a market capitalisation of $15.9-billion and gold-equivalent reserves of 81-million ounces. Griffith said the company would continue to take a disciplined growth approach towards projects and investigate these and their potential carefully. Following completion of the transaction, Gold Fields will remain headquartered in Johannesburg, and listed on the JSE with secondary listing on NYSE, Griffith informed. Yamana shares will be delisted from the TSX, the NYSE and the LSE. The combined company would undertake a regionalised model approach to running the business and operations across different regions. Griffith outlined that, as the company is tax domiciled, growth will provide tax benefits to the South African government and Johannesburg will remain the hub of the business. Griffith said shareholders of both Gold Fields and Yamana would vote on the proposed transaction during the third quarter, while the transaction is likely to be finalised in the fourth quarter. Following completion of the transaction, Griffith said the combined company would become the fourth-largest gold miner by gold production. He emphasised that this was not the main objective of the transaction, rather, it was to create value, take the company down the cost curve, increase cash flows, improve its jurisdictional attractiveness and create a pipeline of assets. Griffith acclaimed that the transaction is aimed at long-term value creation, is complementary to the business, and in Gold Fields' view, will create substantial shareholder value. Gold Fields' board believes that offering the Gold...

Yamana Gold Inc. is a Canada-based precious metals producer. The Company has gold and silver production, development stage properties, exploration properties, and land positions throughout the Americas, including Canada, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. The Company's principal producing mining properties are comprised of the Canadian Malartic mine in Canada, the Jacobina mine in Brazil, the El Penon and Minera Florida mines in Chile and the Cerro Moro mine in Argentina. The Company's projects include the MARA project in Argentina and the Wasamac project in Canada. The Canadian Malartic mine, in which the Company holds a 50% interest, is located in the Abitibi region of Quebec near the town of Val-d'Or. Minera Florida is an underground gold mine located in central Chile, approximately 75 kilometers southwest of Santiago. The Cerro Moro is a gold-silver operation located in the Santa Cruz province of Argentina approximately 70 km south of the port city of Puerto Deseado.

Zero premium acquisitions are a thing of the past, according to Peter Marrone, executive chair of Yamana Gold (NYSE:AUY) who stressed acquirers need to pay fair value. Marrone spoke to Kitco correspondent Paul Harris at BMO's Global Metals & Mining Conference held in Florida last week. Yamana recognizes that it may potentially be a target following the acquisition of Kirkland Lake Mining by Agnico Eagle Mines, given it has a 1 million ounces a year production profile at an all-in sustaining cost of around US$900 per ounce, and a number of development projects.

Fourth quarter 2021 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/For more TSX news, checkout www.tsxquarterly.comSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Falcon Gold CEO Karim Rayani joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company has agreed to a deal to acquire the Viernes project located in Northern Chile. This Project is a good size with 13 claim blocks covering 3,300 Hectares. Rayani telling Proactive this project offers a chance for epithermal gold veins as evidenced by outcrops of the Chile-Alemania Paleocene volcano-stratigraphic sequence, which is the same host rock at the El-Peñón Gold Deposit owned by Yamana Gold. That project is directly adjacent to the Viernes Project.

Benchmark Metals President Jim Greig joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company has closed on a 40 million dollar bought deal private placement. Greig also telling Proactive Yamana Gold has made a strategic investment in Benchmark and will now own approximately 3.99% of Benchmark. The capital will be put towards development at the Lawyers Gold-Silver Project.

From Medellin Colombia Paul Harris at The Mining Journal reviews the activities of mining companies especially mergers and acquisitions.   From New York, Eben Burr at Toewes Asset Management explains FOMO – the fear of missing out  - and how to deal with it.   Gavin Graham reviews the dividend increases at major banks and insurers.

Third quarter 2021 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Wir sprechen über «Feuerland», der zweite Roman von Michael Hugentobler. Auf vielen Zetteln hat der Missionsarssohn Thomas Bridges die wunderbaren Wendungen in der Sprache der Yamana notiert, eines hinwegsterbenden Volks in Feuerland. Mit vielen Zetteln in einem Koffer und im Kopf ist er unterwegs zwischen Feuerland und Europa, schreibt schliesslich ein Wörterbuch. Das kostbare Buch versucht der «Völkerkundler» Ferdinand Hestermann später vor dem Zugriff der Nazis zu retten - in die Schweiz. In Thomas Hugentobler Roman wimmelt es von skurrilen Figuren, aberwitzigen Begegnungen, und es bleibt immer unklar, was dokumentarisch ist und was nicht. Darin liegt ein Problem, sagt Lucien Haug, während Christoph Keller in «Feuerland» durchaus ein politisches Buch sieht; Marion Regenscheit hingegen irritiert doch immer wieder die Erzählperspektive des Autors.

Yamana Gold is a Canadian-based precious metals producer with a high quality, diversified portfolio, including significant gold and silver production; long-life production assets – including development stage properties and exploration properties – located throughout mining-friendly jurisdictions across the Americas, in Canada, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. Yamana plans to build on this base through sustainable expansion and optimization initiatives at existing operating mines, development of new mines, the advancement of its exploration properties and, at times, by targeting other consolidation opportunities with a primary focus in the Americas. Crux Investor is an investing app for busy people. For a small, monthly membership fee you'll receive a single stock recommendation each month, curated by industry experts and presented in a clear and focused one-page memo. Head to Crux Investor to learn more and to sign up for your time-saving, stress-slaying membership today.Learn more: https://cruxinvestor.com

Second quarter 2021 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Photo: Julius Popper with a killed Ona. In the late 19th century some estancieros and gold prospectors launched a campaign of extermination against the indigenous peoples of Tierra del Fuego.  Not the first arrivals, but later Europeans were incomprehensibly cruel. Tierra del Fuego is considered the southernmost town in South America. Four native peoples were there in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: two lived on land, two lived almost exclusive in canoes on the water.            The name "Tierra del Fuego" may refer to the fact that both Selk'nam and Yamana had their fires burn in front of their huts (or in the hut). In Magellan's time Fuegians were more numerous, and the light and smoke of their fires presented an impressive sight if seen from a ship or another island. Yamanas also used fire to send messages by smoke signals, for instance if a whale drifted ashore. The large amount of meat required notification of many people, so that it would not decay.They might also have used smoke signals on other occasions, but it is possible that Magellan saw the smokes or lights of natural phenomena. Both Selk'nams and Yámanas were almost obliterated by diseases brought in by colonization,[2][51] and probably made more vulnerable to disease by the crash of their main meat supplies (whales and seals) due to the actions of European and American fleets.[2] CBS Eye on the World with John Batchelor CBS Audio Network @Batchelorshow 4/4: "Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics." David J. Meltzer, SMU. @NatureMagazine https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03499-y "In less than a decade, analyses of ancient genomes have transformed our understanding of the Indigenous peopling and population history of the Americas. These studies have shown that this history, which began in the late Pleistocene epoch and continued episodically into the Holocene epoch, was far more complex than previously thought. It is now evident that the initial dispersal involved the movement from northeast Asia of distinct and previously unknown populations, including some for whom there are no currently known descendants. The first peoples, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread widely, expanded rapidly and branched into multiple populations. Their descendants—over the next fifteen millennia—experienced varying degrees of isolation, admixture, continuity and replacement, and their genomes help to illuminate the relationships among major subgroups of Native American populations. Notably, all ancient individuals in the Americas, save for later-arriving Arctic peoples, are more closely related to contemporary Indigenous American individuals than to any other population elsewhere, which challenges the claim—which is based on anatomical evidence—that there was an early, non-Native American population in the Americas. Here we review the patterns revealed by ancient genomics that help to shed light on the past peoples who created the archaeological landscape, and together lead to deeper insights into the population and cultural history of the Americas.

Globex Mining (TSE: GMX – OTCQX: GLBXF) CEO Jack Stoch joined Steve Darling from Proactive to bring news the company has moved along a few of their projects to Yamana Gold. The Francoeur/Arntfield/Lac Fortune gold properties are located in Abitibi, Québec and adjoin Yamana's Wasamac Gold Mine project. Stoch telling Proactive, Globex will receive 15 million in stock and cash. After closing Globex will receive 4 million in shares and then will receive 3 million in cash after year 1, 2 million after year two, 3 million after year 3 and then another 3 million on the fourth anniversary of the close.

Ein Hörspiel von Ulrike Haage und Andreas Ammer. Am 11. Mai 1830 tauschen die Seeleute des Forschungsschiffes „Beagle“ mit den Ureinwohnern Feuerlandes den jungen Orundellico vom Stamm der Yamana gegen einen Perlmuttknopf. Der 15-Jährige bekommt den Namen Jemmy Button und wird nach England gebracht. Diese wahre Geschichte erzählt von den Folgen der Entwurzelung und wurde ein Jahrhundert später zum Vorbild für Michael Endes Kinderbuchfigur Jim Knopf. Mit Nora Gomringer, Birte Schnöink, Lars Rudolph, Peter Thiessen und Paul Hanford. Prolog: Wolfgang Berger. Geräusche: Max Bauer. Ton und Technik: Gerd-Ulrich Poggensee, Sebastian Ohm und Philipp Fiedler. Text, Musik und Regie: Ulrike Haage und Andreas Ammer. Redaktion: Ulrike Toma. Produktion: NDR/Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2018. Verfügbarkeit bis 10.06.2022. ndr.de/radiokunst

Yamana Gold is a Canadian-based precious metals producer with a high quality, diversified portfolio, including significant gold and silver production; long-life production assets – including development stage properties and exploration properties – located throughout mining-friendly jurisdictions across the Americas, in Canada, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. Yamana plans to build on this base through sustainable expansion and optimization initiatives at existing operating mines, development of new mines, the advancement of its exploration properties and, at times, by targeting other consolidation opportunities with a primary focus in the Americas. Company Page: https://www.yamana.comExplore More Here: https://cruxinvestor.comJoin our Club's waitlist: https://cruxinvestor.com/clubFor FREE unbiased investment information, follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook:https://twitter.com/cruxinvestorhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/crux-investor/https://www.facebook.com/cruxinvestorIf you got value from this interview, please subscribe.

Fala Carlão conversa com a Engenheira Química Claudia Yamana. Ela é Diretora Executiva - Gelatina e Peptídeos da JBS Novos Negócios. Nesta entrevista, ela fala de sua carreira e do investimento de 280 milhões de reais da Companhia na nova planta em Presidente Epitácio. Conheça os números grandiosos do empreendimento nesta prosa da prateleira de cima. Fala Claudia.

Auf vielen Zetteln hat der Missionsarssohn Thomas Bridges die wunderbaren Wendungen in der Sprache der Yamana notiert, eines hinwegsterbenden Volks in Feuerland. Mit vielen Zetteln in einem Koffer und im Kopf ist er unterwegs zwischen Feuerland und Europa, schreibt schliesslich ein Wörterbuch. Das kostbare Buch versucht der «Völkerkundler» Ferdinand Hestermann später vor dem Zugriff der Nazis zu retten - in die Schweiz. In Thomas Hugentobler Roman wimmelt es von skurrilen Figuren, aberwitzigen Begegnungen, und es bleibt immer unklar, was dokumentarisch ist und was nicht. Darin liegt ein Problem, sagt Lucien Haug, während Christoph Keller in «Feuerland» durchaus ein politisches Buch sieht; Marion Regenscheit hingegen irritiert doch immer wieder die Erzählperspektive des Autors.

First quarter 2021 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Fourth quarter 2020 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Third quarter 2020 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Second quarter 2020 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

First quarter 2020 earnings call for Yamana Gold Inc. For further information, please consult the company website at http://www.yamana.com/ Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/tsx-quarterly/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

This week's episode features one of the luminaries of the Canadian mining industry, executive chairman of Yamana Gold Peter Marrone, who gives a speech on some of the company's biggest projects and how it overcame financial difficulties after a challenging 2014. The discussion was recorded live at The Northern Miner‘s Canadian Mining Symposium held at Canada House in London, U.K., on May 22, 2019. Topics include: Yamana Gold as an 'Americas-focused' miner; Marrone's focus on 'mining certainty'; the company's Cerro Moro and El Peñón mines, as well as Canadian Malarctic and other strategic assets. Our "Mining Minute" sponsored segment has Peter Corcoran, vice-president of Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology Canada, speaking on Sandvik's recent Newtrax acquisition. Visit www.rocktechnology.sandvik/en/contact-…cas/canada/ and www.home.sandvik/en/ for more information. This podcast is sponsored by the Yukon Mining Alliance (www.yukonminingalliance.ca). Music Credits: “Miami Nights – Main Theme” and “Hiding Your Reality” by Kevin MacLeod (www.incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This week we're exploring coverage from BMO Capital Markets global metals and mining conference in Hollywood, Florida! The event features all the industries biggest players, as well as up-and-coming developers and explorers. We dig into the outlook for all our major commodities! Meanwhile, we specifically take a look at recent gold price movement vis-à-vis initial commentary from the new Chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell. What are the outlooks in precious metals moving forward? Also what's up with copper and recent reports on Chinese manufacturing data? It is also the episode wherein we wish farewell to Matt, who is off toward new endeavours! Finally, staff writer Richard Quarisa returns with the Mining Minute, which features president and CEO of Golden Arrow Resources (TSXV: GRG; US-OTC: GARWF), Joseph Grosso. (5:40) The company advanced its Chinchillas silver project in Jujuy Province from discovery to development in just five years. It now holds a 25% share of Puna Operations, a joint venture company operated by SSR Mining (TSX: SSRM; NASDAQ: SSRM). Articles referenced: Barrick, Acacia struggle to find common ground in Tanzania: www.northernminer.com/news/barrick-a…ia/1003790738/ Site visit: Big gets bigger for Agnico, Yamana at Canadian Malartic: www.northernminer.com/news/site-visi…ic/1003789872/ Site visit: Agnico declares commercial production at Goldex's Deep 1 project: www.northernminer.com/news/site-visi…ct/1003788698/ Kinross solidifies plans at Tasiast, Round Mountain: www.northernminer.com/news/kinross-g…in/1003789631/ Newmont moves forward with Ahafo expansion: www.northernminer.com/news/newmont-m…on/1003786565/ Music Credits: "Acid Jazz" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Slow Burn" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Octo Blues" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

We're digging into the North American gold producers and talking fourth-quarter, and annual, production results. We'll also take a look at 2018 guidance and what the next few years might hold for the big Canadian and U.S. gold miners. Matt covers the production, and financial, reports for Barrick Gold (TSX: ABX; NYSE: ABX), Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM), Goldcorp (TSX: G; NYSE:GG), Kinross Gold (TSX: K; NYSE: KGC), and Agnico Eagle Mines (TSX: AEM; NYSE: AEM). Who outperformed, who disappointed, and what do the next five years hold? We also discuss gold price movement relative to the U.S. economy, check out a supply-demand update from the The International Copper Study Group (ICSG), and look at copper, nickel, and lead. Finally, staff writer Richard Quarisa returns with the Mining Minute, which features president and CEO of Golden Arrow Resources (TSXV: GRG; US-OTC: GARWF), Joseph Grosso. (5:40) The company advanced its Chinchillas silver project in Jujuy Province from discovery to development in just five years. It now holds a 25% share of Puna Operations, a joint venture company operated by SSR Mining (TSX: SSRM; NASDAQ: SSRM). Articles referenced: Barrick, Acacia struggle to find common ground in Tanzania: http://www.northernminer.com/news/barrick-acacia-struggle-find-common-ground-tanzania/1003790738/ Site visit: Big gets bigger for Agnico, Yamana at Canadian Malartic: http://www.northernminer.com/news/site-visit-big-gets-bigger-agnico-yamana-canadian-malartic/1003789872/ Site visit: Agnico declares commercial production at Goldex's Deep 1 project: http://www.northernminer.com/news/site-visit-agnico-declares-commercial-production-goldexs-deep-1-project/1003788698/ Kinross solidifies plans at Tasiast, Round Mountain: http://www.northernminer.com/news/kinross-greenlights-expansions-tasiast-round-mountain/1003789631/ Newmont moves forward with Ahafo expansion: http://www.northernminer.com/news/newmont-moves-forward-ahafo-expansion/1003786565/ Music Credits: "Acid Jazz" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Slow Burn" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Octo Blues" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

En una comunidad en las afueras de Puerto Williams, una base de la Marina chilena, viven los últimos indios yamana. Su pueblo fue diezmado casi por completo por los colonos europeos. Cristina Calderón tiene más de 80 años y todavía habla el idioma de los yamana. Es la última (de su pueblo).