North American Society for Oceanic History (NASOH)

Margaret E. Schotte's “original, perceptive, and scholarly” comparative study focuses on early modern navigators and their contributions to modern science. Sailing School investigates how early modern sailors developed mathematical and technical expertise in the age of exploration and the print revolution. Schotte's monograph draws upon hundreds of dog-eared textbooks and salt-stained student manuscripts to recreate the experience of learning to sail, a complex apprenticeship that took place not only on board ship but in small classrooms in Europe's port communities. Sailing School brings together the eccentric teachers, inventive entrepreneurs, ambitious politicos and a host of anonymous sailors to give us a new picture of what it meant to be an expert navigator at a time when knowledge of the natural world was undergoing dramatic shifts–and how these experts in turn contributed to the development of scientific practice in their local communities and beyond. https://www.sailingschoolbook.com/ Margaret Schote https://margaretschotte.com/

From the end of the American Revolution, commercial vessels of the young United States republic were easy prey for the pirates of the Barbary coast. In 1801, newly inaugurated President Thomas Jefferson was eager to put an end to this threat and sent a “squadron of observation” to the Mediterranean. As the squadron arrived in Gibraltar, they learned that the bashaw of Tripoli had already declared WAR! The Shores of Tripoli plays out this exciting episode of Early American military history. As the United States, one player will pressure Tripolitania to allow the free movement of American merchant vessels – or face the consequences. As the bashaw of Tripoli, the other player will continue the lucrative piracy of the fearsome corsairs while countering the American threat on land and sea. Beautiful and informative cards represent historical events and leaders from the First Barbary War. Players can move ships, start battles, go on pirate raids, engage in diplomacy and receive reinforcements. Includes over 80 wooden playing pieces, 24 dice and a premium mounted map. https://www.fortcircle.com/games/ When you purchase the game, type in the code NASOH and a $6 contribution will be made to the organization to help fund graduate student research into the maritime history. How to play The Shores of Tripoli in 11 Minutes https://youtu.be/6oiwPgsssjM Unboxing: The Shores of Tripoli from Fort Circle Games - The Players' Aid https://youtu.be/FPIpZkMeZOQ

Although Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is beloved as one of the most profound and enduring works of American fiction, we rarely consider it a work of nature writing—or even a novel of the sea. Yet Pulitzer Prize–winning author Annie Dillard avers Moby-Dick is the "best book ever written about nature," and nearly the entirety of the story is set on the waves, with scarcely a whiff of land. In fact, Ishmael's sea yarn is in conversation with the nature writing of Emerson and Thoreau, and Melville himself did much more than live for a year in a cabin beside a pond. He set sail: to the far remote Pacific Ocean, spending more than three years at sea before writing his masterpiece in 1851. A revelation for Moby-Dick devotees and neophytes alike, Ahab's Rolling Sea is a chronological journey through the natural history of Melville's novel. From white whales to whale intelligence, giant squids, barnacles, albatross, and sharks, Richard J. King examines what Melville knew from his own experiences and the sources available to a reader in the mid-1800s, exploring how and why Melville might have twisted what was known to serve his fiction. King then climbs to the crow's nest, setting Melville in the context of the American perception of the ocean in 1851—at the very start of the Industrial Revolution and just before the publication of On the Origin of Species. King compares Ahab's and Ishmael's worldviews to how we see the ocean today: an expanse still immortal and sublime, but also in crisis. And although the concept of stewardship of the sea would have been entirely foreign, if not absurd, to Melville, King argues that Melville's narrator Ishmael reveals his own tendencies toward what we would now call environmentalism. Featuring a coffer of illustrations and an array of interviews with contemporary scientists, fishers, and whale watch operators, Ahab's Rolling Sea offers new insight not only into a cherished masterwork and its author but also into our evolving relationship with the briny deep—from whale hunters to climate refugees. Richard J. King is an author and illustrator. Most recently, he wrote Ahab's Rolling Sea: A Natural History of Moby-Dick, lauded in Science, Nature, and American Scholar. He also wrote Lobster, which was acclaimed by the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal; and The Devil's Cormorant: A Natural History, which was short-listed for the ASLE Creative Book Award and rated as one of the top five science books of 2013 by Library Journal. His next project is Audubon at Sea, an anthology co-edited with Christoph Irmscher (Chicago UP, forthcoming 2021). Richard J. King https://www.richardjking.info/index.htm Ahab's Rolling Sea: A Natural History of Moby-Dick https://www.richardjking.info/ahab_s_rolling_sea__a_natural_history_of_moby_dick_.htm

After World War I, the U.S. Navy's brief alliance with the British Royal Navy gave way to disagreements over disarmament, fleet size, interpretations of freedom of the seas, and general economic competition. This go-it-alone approach lasted until the next world war, when the U.S. Navy found itself fighting alongside the British, Canadian, Australian, and other Allied navies until the surrender of Germany and Japan. In The U.S. Navy and Its Cold War Alliances, 1945–1953, Corbin Williamson explores the transformation this cooperation brought about in the U.S. Navy's engagement with other naval forces during the Cold War. Like the onetime looming danger of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, growing concerns about the Soviet naval threat drew the U.S. Navy into tight relations with the British, Canadian, and Australian navies. The U.S. Navy and Its Cold War Alliances, 1945–1953, brings to light the navy-to-navy links that political concerns have kept out of the public sphere: a web of informal connections that included personnel exchanges, standardization efforts in equipment and doctrine, combined training and education, and joint planning for a war with the Soviets. Using a “history from the middle” approach, Corbin Williamson draws upon the archives of all four nations, including documents only recently declassified, to analyze the actions of midlevel officials and officers who managed and maintained these alliances on a day-to-day basis. His work highlights the impact of domestic politics and security concerns on navy-to-navy relations, even as it integrates American naval history with those of Britain, Canada, and Australia. In doing so, the book provides a valuable new perspective on the little-studied but critical transformation of the U.S. Navy's peacetime alliances during the Cold War. Corbin Williamson is assistant professor of strategy, Air War College, Montgomery, Alabama. His work has appeared in numerous publications, including books such as The Culture of Military Organizations and The Vietnam War in Popular Culture and periodicals such as the International Journal of Naval History, Diplomatic History, and Joint Force Quarterly. Corbin Williamson https://www.linkedin.com/in/corbin-williamson-39388a8/ The U.S. Navy and Its Cold War Alliances, 1945-1953 https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-2978-7.html

The final of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums. In this episode we discuss New York City's South Street Seaport and Dr. Lindgren includes his conclusion on the state of America's maritime museums and history. The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades. Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power. Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics... Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.e... South Street Seaport https://southstreetseaportmuseum.org/ The greatest city in the world was a port before it was a city. Founded in the port-birthplace of New York, the Seaport Museum connects us as New Yorkers to our roots. Today, in what we still have of that lower Manhattan seaport, the Museum tells the story of a growing metropolis, connecting the stories of immigrants, enslaved people, merchants, indigenous people, and workers—early New Yorkers—to the present day. This institution is not new to setbacks. Since its founding in 1967 it has been knocked back repeatedly. It was closed for nearly two years following 9/11, hit early and hard by the 2008 financial crisis, flooded by Sandy, and now closed by the pandemic. The museum has been battered to the point of closure practically every half-decade, and yet it persists. First, it's a museum that represents the essence of our city, and the people who built it. Second, it has a loyal group of devotees who passionately defend it. Board, staff, volunteers, members, New Yorkers. These people understand the Museum's importance. Its very existence is an audacious idea made real and replicated nowhere else: a museum in symbiosis with an historic port district at the heart of this global metropolis.

The fifth of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums. In this episode we discuss San Francisco Maritime Museum. The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades. Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power. Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics... Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.e... San Francisco Maritime Museum https://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/bathhousebuilding.htm

The fourth of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums. In this episode we discuss The Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Virginia . The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades. Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power. Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics/schools/arts-sciences/history/faculty/lindgren.html Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9781625344632 The Mariner's Museum https://www.marinersmuseum.org/ For 90 years, the history of the ocean and its relationship with humankind has been told and displayed in one of the largest maritime museums in the world. In 1930, The Mariners' Museum was brought to life by the shared vision of Archer Milton Huntington and Homer L. Ferguson. Huntington was son of railroad and shipping magnate Collis P. Huntington, who founded Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company just a few miles from the Museum. Ferguson, the head of Newport News Shipbuilding at the time of the founding, also served as The Mariners' Museum's first President.

The third of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums.  In this episode we discuss Mystic Seaport.    The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades.   Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power.   Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics/schools/arts-sciences/history/faculty/lindgren.html   Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9781625344632   Mystic Seaport   https://www.mysticseaport.org/ Mystic Seaport Museum is the nation's leading maritime museum. Founded in 1929 to gather and preserve the rapidly disappearing artifacts of America's seafaring past, the Museum has grown to become a national center for research and education with the mission to “inspire an enduring connection to the American maritime experience.”   The Mystic Seaport Museum grounds cover 19 acres on the Mystic River in Mystic, CT and include a recreated New England coastal village, a working shipyard, formal exhibit halls, and state-of-the-art artifact storage facilities. The Museum is home to more than 500 historic watercraft, including four National Historic Landmark vessels, most notably the 1841 whaleship Charles W. Morgan, America's oldest commercial ship still in existence.   A stroll through the historic village enables visitors to experience firsthand from staff historians, storytellers, musicians, and craftspeople just what life was like to earn one's living from the sea. In the Henry B. duPont Preservation Shipyard, they can watch shipwrights keeping the skills and techniques of traditional shipbuilding alive as they restore and maintain the Museum's watercraft collection and other vessels. The Museum's 41,000 square-foot Collections Research Center (CRC) offers exceptional physical and electronic access to the more than 2 million artifacts. The collections range from marine paintings, scrimshaw, models, tools, ships plans, an oral history archive, extensive film and video recordings, and more than 1 million photographs—including the incomparable Rosenfeld Collection. The CRC is also home to the G.W. Blunt White Library, a 75,000-volume research library where scholars from around the world come to study America's maritime history.

The second of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums.  In this episode we discuss the New Bedford Whaling Museum.   The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades.  Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power.   Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics/schools/arts-sciences/history/faculty/lindgren.html   Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9781625344632   New Bedford Whaling Museum https://www.whalingmuseum.org/ Founded in 1903, the Museum's rich history reveals an intimate relationship with the communities it serves. Motivated by civic pride and a desire to preserve the artifacts and narratives of the region, the museum was founded by the children of the progenitors of the American whaling industry. The Old Dartmouth Historical Society was established “to create and foster an interest in the history of Old Dartmouth (now the City of New Bedford, Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven and Westport, MA). This area incorporates more than 185 square miles with a population exceeding 180,000. Today, members hail from many more communities.   The steady growth of its collection, programming, membership and physical plant illustrate the museum's relevancy to these communities. A touchstone to the region's past, the museum has evolved as a crossroads through which diverse communities intersect, conveying their rich cultures. The Museum can claim many superlatives amongst its holdings including the world's largest: library of whaling logbooks, prints, journals; collection of scrimshaw; Japanese whaling art and literature outside of Japan; Dutch Old Master marine paintings in the New World. The Museum's complete coverage of 19th and 20th century whaling technology makes it a global center for scholarly research. The Museum is home to the world's largest ship model, Lagoda, a half-scale whale ship built in 1916 by the aging shipwrights of New Bedford's famed fleet. The Museum displays four species of complete whale skeletons, including a Blue whale, the world's largest mammal plus a mother and fetus of the highly endangered Northern Atlantic Right whale.

The first of six parts of our interview with James Lindgren, an Honorable Mention in this year's John Lyman Prize, his book Preserving Maritime America looks at six maritime museums.  In this episode we introduce the background for the book and the Cabinet for the East India Marine Society of Salem, today known as the Peabody Essex Museum.    The United States has long been dependent on the seas, but Americans know little about their maritime history. While Britain and other countries have established national museums to nurture their seagoing traditions, America has left that responsibility to private institutions. In this first-of-its-kind history, James M. Lindgren focuses on a half-dozen of these great museums, ranging from Salem's East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, to San Francisco's Maritime Museum and New York's South Street Seaport Museum, which were established in recent decades.   Begun by activists with unique agendas—whether overseas empire, economic redevelopment, or cultural preservation—these museums have displayed the nation's complex interrelationship with the sea. Yet they all faced chronic shortfalls, as policymakers, corporations, and everyday citizens failed to appreciate the oceans' formative environment. Preserving Maritime America shows how these institutions shifted course to remain solvent and relevant and demonstrates how their stories tell of the nation's rise and decline as a commercial maritime power.   Dr. James Lindgren: https://www.plattsburgh.edu/academics/schools/arts-sciences/history/faculty/lindgren.html   Preserving Maritime America: A Cultural History of the Nation's Great Maritime Museums https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9781625344632 Peabody Essex Museum: https://www.pem.org/ The roots of the Peabody Essex Museum date to the 1799 founding of the East India Marine Society, an organization of Salem captains and supercargoes who had sailed beyond either the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn. The society's charter included a provision for the establishment of a “cabinet of natural and artificial curiosities,” which is what we today would call a museum. Society members brought to Salem a diverse collection of objects from the northwest coast of America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, India and elsewhere. By 1825, the society moved into its own building, East India Marine Hall, which today contains the original display cases and some of the very first objects collected.   The East India Marine Society was founded in Salem, in Essex County, Massachusetts. Salem was also home to the Essex Historical Society (founded in 1821), which celebrated the area's rich community history, and the Essex County Natural History Society (founded in 1833), which focused on the county's natural wonders. In 1848, these two organizations merged to form the Essex Institute (the “Essex” in the Peabody Essex Museum's name). This consolidation brought together extensive and far-ranging collections, including natural specimens, ethnological objects, books and historical memorabilia, all focusing on the area in and around Essex County. In the late 1860s, the Essex Institute refined its mission to the collection and presentation of regional art, history and architecture. In so doing, it transferred its natural history and archaeology collections to the East India Marine Society's descendent organization, the Peabody Academy of Science (the “Peabody”). In turn, the Peabody, renamed for its great benefactor, the philanthropist George Peabody, transferred its historical collections to the Essex.

It is not often that we have both a National Best Seller and the winner of the John Lyman Book Prize for Canadian Maritime and Naval History on the show at the same time, but that is exactly what happened when John MacFarlane joined with us to discuss his book Around the World in a Dugout Canoe. Think of a sea captain in the image of Russell Crowe, but not Jack Aubrey, but more of a rascal; that is John Voss. Anticipating fame and wealth, Captain John Voss set out from Victoria, BC, in 1901, seeking to claim the world record for the smallest vessel ever to circumnavigate the globe. For the journey, he procured an authentic dugout cedar canoe from an Indigenous village on the east coast of Vancouver Island. For three years Voss and the Tilikum, aided by a rotating cast of characters, visited Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil and finally England, weathering heavy gales at sea and attracting large crowds of spectators on shore. The austere on-board conditions and simple navigational equipment Voss used throughout the voyage are a testimony to his skill and to the solid construction of the Nuu-Chah-Nulth vessel. Both Voss and his original mate, newspaperman N.K. Luxton, later wrote about their journey in accounts compromised by poor memories, brazen egos and outright lies. Stories of murder, cannibalism and high-seas terror have been repeated elsewhere without any regard to the truth. Now, over a century later, a full and fair account of the voyage—and the magnitude of Voss's accomplishment—is at last fully detailed. In this groundbreaking work, marine historians John MacFarlane and Lynn Salmon sift fact from fiction, critically examining the claims of Voss's and Luxton's manuscripts against research from libraries, archives, museums and primary sources around the world. Including unpublished photographs, letters and ephemera from the voyage, Around the World in a Dugout Canoe tells the real story of a little-understood character and his cedar canoe. It is an enduring story of courage, adventure, sheer luck and at times tragedy. Around the World in a Dugout Canoe https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/45015190-around-the-world-in-a-dugout-canoe The Maritime Museum of British Columbia https://mmbc.bc.ca/ The Nauticapedia-Maritime Heritage https://www.nauticapedia.ca/

What happens when you bring four naval historians on a Saturday afternoon to discuss the latest naval movie - Greyhound - starring Tom Hanks, based on the classic C S Forester book The Good Shepherd?  You get a critical assessment on whether the depiction of the convoy battle in the movie Greyhound is accurate, and a lot of laughter.      Sal Mercogliano, the host of the NASOH video/podcast hosted, Dr. Chuck Steele of the US Air Force Academy, Dr. David Kohnen of the Naval War College, and Dr. Joseph Moretz an independent scholar on the Royal Navy.     They examine how faithful was the movie to the book, how accurate were the scenes of convoy battles and anti-submarine battle, a discussion on the difficulties the Allies faced in waging war, and what exactly was the Battle of the Atlantic. Finally, they delved into what the next Battle of the Atlantic movie should look like - Hollywood producers should take note.  There were also a lot of gratuitous mentions by one of our presenters to Admiral Ernest J. King.

The accepted narrative of the interwar U.S. Navy is one of transformation from a battle-centric force into a force that could fight on the “three planes” of war: in the skies, on the water, and under the waves. The political and cultural tumult that accompanied this transformation is another story. Ryan D. Wadle's Selling Sea Power explores this little-known but critically important aspect of naval history. After World War I, the U.S. Navy faced numerous challenges: a call for naval arms limitation, the ascendancy of air power, and budgetary constraints exacerbated by the Great Depression. Selling Sea Power tells the story of how the navy met these challenges by engaging in protracted public relations campaigns at a time when the means and methods of reaching the American public were undergoing dramatic shifts. While printed media continued to thrive, the rapidly growing film and radio industries presented new means by which the navy could connect with politicians and the public. Deftly capturing the institutional nuances and the personalities in play, Wadle tracks the U.S. Navy's at first awkward but ultimately successful manipulation of mass media. At the same time, he analyzes what the public could actually see of the service in the variety of media available to them, including visual examples from progressively more sophisticated—and effective—public relations campaigns. Integrating military policy and strategy with the history of American culture and politics, Selling Sea Power offers a unique look at the complex links between the evolution of the art and industry of persuasion and the growth of the modern U.S. Navy, as well as the connections between the workings of communications and public relations and the command of military and political power. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ryan D. Wadle is an Associate Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the eSchool of Graduate Professional Military Education, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Selling Sea Power: Public Relations and the U.S. Navy, 1917-1941 https://www.oupress.com/books/15093024/selling-sea-power

Graduate Student Jessica Rudo joined the North American Society for Oceanic History Video/Podcast to discuss her research into, "Fortifying the Gulf Coast: How the Military Shaped the Maritime Landscape with Slave Rentals." She examines the constructions of Fort Morgan in Mobile, Fort Pickens and the Navy Yard in Pensacola, Fort Taylor in Key West and Fort Jefferson at Dry Tortugas. The use of slave labor was not unusual in the construction of facilities but largely overlooked where the arrangements and businesses that oversaw the leases of the slaves to the US Government. The beginning of the military-industrial complex can be seen in these large fortifications and we get a glimpse of the lives of the slaves and soldiers in these areas. National Park Service - Forts: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/forts/index.htm Coast Defense Study Group https://cdsg.org/

Roger Bailey, doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland and this year's winner of the Clark G. Reynolds Prize for the best Graduate Paper at the North American Society for Oceanic History annual conference, joined the NASOH Video/Podcast. We discussed his paper, "Free Republic Like Our Own: The United States Navy and the Colonization Movement in the Public Discourse, 1819-1860. During our discussion we discussed the American Colonization Society, the role of the US Navy and several key officers - such as Matthew Fontaine Maury and Matthew Perry - and the establishment of the different colonial entities along the West African coast. Roger Bailey: http://history.umd.edu/users/rabailey Roger Bailey's earlier talk on Preble Hall Podcast: https://naval-history-lyceum.simplecast.com/episodes/the-us-navy-the-american-colonization-society-and-liberia-KUa0aVBw NASOH's Clark Reynolds Prize: https://nasoh.org/student-awards

The Gulf of Mexico presents a compelling, salt-streaked narrative of the earth's tenth largest body of water. In this beautifully written and illustrated volume, John S. Sledge explores the people, ships, and cities that have made the Gulf's human history and culture so rich. Many famous figures who sailed the Gulf's viridian waters are highlighted, including Ponce de León, Robert Cavelier de La Salle, Francis Drake, Elizabeth Agassiz, Ernest Hemingway, and Charles Dwight Sigsbee at the helm of the doomed Maine. Sledge also introduces a fascinating array of people connected to maritime life in the Gulf, among them Maya priests, French pirates, African American stevedores, and Greek sponge divers. Gulf events of global historical importance are detailed, such as the only defeat of armed and armored steamships by wooden sailing vessels, the first accurate deep-sea survey and bathymetric map of any ocean basin, the development of shipping containers by a former truck driver frustrated with antiquated loading practices, and the worst environmental disaster in American annals. Occasionally shifting focus ashore, Sledge explains how people representing a gumbo of ethnicities built some of the world's most exotic cities—Havana, way station for conquistadores and treasure-filled galleons; New Orleans, the Big Easy, famous for its beautiful French Quarter, Mardi Gras, and relaxed morals; and oft-besieged Veracruz, Mexico's oldest city, founded in 1519 by Hernán Cortés. Throughout history the residents of these cities and their neighbors along the littoral have struggled with challenges both natural and human-induced—devastating hurricanes, frightening epidemics, catastrophic oil spills, and conflicts ranging from dockside brawls to pirate raids, foreign invasion, civil war, and revolution. In the modern era the Gulf has become critical to energy production, fisheries, tourism, and international trade, even as it is threatened by pollution and climate change. The Gulf of Mexico: A Maritime History is a work of verve and sweep that illuminates both the risks of life on the water and the riches that come from its bounty. John S. Sledge is senior architectural historian for the Mobile Historic Development Commission and a member of the National Book Critics Circle. He holds a bachelor's degree in history and Spanish from Auburn University and a master's in historic preservation from Middle Tennessee State University. Sledge is the author of six previous books, including Southern Bound: A Gulf Coast Journalist on Books, Writers, and Literary Pilgrimages of the Heart; The Mobile River; and These Rugged Days: Alabama in the Civil War. The Gulf of Mexico: A Maritime History https://www.sc.edu/uscpress/books/2019/6014.html These Rugged Days: Alabama in the Civil War https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34916394-these-rugged-days The Mobile River https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23420026-the-mobile-river Southern Bound: A Gulf Coast Journalist on Books, Writers, and Literary Pilgrimages of the Heart https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17046619-southern-bound The Pillared City: Greek Revival Mobile https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6538488-the-pillared-city An Ornament to the City: Old Mobile Ironwork https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/222697.An_Ornament_to_the_City

Two centuries before the daring exploits of Navy SEALs and Marine Raiders captured the public imagination, the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps were already engaged in similarly perilous missions: raiding pirate camps, attacking enemy ships in the dark of night, and striking enemy facilities and resources on shore. Even John Paul Jones, father of the American navy, saw such irregular operations as critical to naval warfare. With Jones's own experience as a starting point, Benjamin Armstrong sets out to take irregular naval warfare out of the shadow of the blue-water battles that dominate naval history. This book, the first historical study of its kind, makes a compelling case for raiding and irregular naval warfare as key elements in the story of American sea power. Beginning with the Continental Navy, Small Boats and Daring Men traces maritime missions through the wars of the early republic, from the coast of modern-day Libya to the rivers and inlets of the Chesapeake Bay. At the same time, Armstrong examines the era's conflicts with nonstate enemies and threats to American peacetime interests along Pacific and Caribbean shores. Armstrong brings a uniquely informed perspective to his subject; and his work—with reference to original naval operational reports, sailors' memoirs and diaries, and officers' correspondence—is at once an exciting narrative of danger and combat at sea and a thoroughgoing analysis of how these events fit into concepts of American sea power. Offering a critical new look at the naval history of the Early American era, this book also raises fundamental questions for naval strategy in the twenty-first century. Commander Benjamin "BJ" Armstrong is a Permanent Military Professor and former Search & Rescue and Special Warfare helicopter pilot who has deployed to the 4th, 5th, and 6th Fleet in support of multiple Amphibious Ready Groups, Marine Air Ground Task Forces, and global operations. Ashore he flew as an Advanced Flight Instructor and served in the Pentagon as a strategist and a staff officer in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. He joined the faculty of the Naval Academy History Department during the fall term of 2016. In addition to his teaching and scholarship, CDR Armstrong serves as the Faculty Representative to the Mens Swimming and Diving team and Director of the McMullen Naval History Symposium (2019). BJ Armstrong Biography: https://www.usna.edu/History/Faculty/Armstrong.php James Bradford, "John Paul Jones and Guerre de Razzia," The Northern Mariner/Le marin du nord, XIIl, No. 4, (October 2003), 1-15. https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol13/tnm_13_4_1-15.pdf Nimitz Library: https://www.usna.edu/Library/index.php

On January 30, 1975, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) designated the wreck of the USS Monitor as the nation's first national marine sanctuary. Over 45 years later, Monitor National Marine Sanctuary continues to protect this famed Civil War ironclad. With over four decades of protecting and preserving our nation's maritime heritage, Monitor National Marine Sanctuary and partners began in 2008 to document and survey the many World War II shipwrecks surrounding the sanctuary. Currently, NOAA is reviewing the sanctuary's boundaries and considering an expansion to protect these wrecks. Off the coast of North Carolina lies the remains of a forgotten World War II battlefield that serves as the final resting place for nearly 1,700 men lost during the Battle of The Atlantic. From January through July of 1942, German U-boats sank ships off the American east coast with relative impunity. This American Theater of World War II was the closest area of conflict to the Continental United States. This complex naval battlefield stretched from New England into the Gulf of Mexico, but the area off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, emerged as a strategic hotspot for this activity and the resulting concentration of shipwrecks is unparalleled in the nation. From this activity, the waters off North Carolina are recognized as the area that best represents this World War II history as a battlefield in the United States. In just three years, from 1942 to 1945, 90 ships were lost off North Carolina alone as a result of this action. The result is an amazing collection of 78 merchant tankers and freighters, eight Allied warships, and four German U-boats resting on the seabed as a memorial to this history and to the sacrifice of Allied servicemen and the U.S. Merchant Marine in World War II. Monitor National Marine Sanctuary's proposed expansion boundaries contain the most publicly accessible collection of World War II shipwrecks near America's shore and would constitute the largest area designated as a World War II battlefield anywhere in the United States. This area is also significant to our national story as it contains other shipwrecks as well, some dating from the Age of North American Exploration to present day. While North Carolina has a rich and diverse maritime heritage, NOAA's primary focus for expanding the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary boundary is centered on North Carolina's collection of shipwrecks from World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. Tane Casserley joined the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries in the spring of 2001. As the Resource Protection and Permit Coordinator for the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, Tane is responsible for the development of policies and programs to address commercial and recreational uses and impacts in and around the Sanctuary. Tane's specialties include interagency communications, public outreach and exhibit design, as well as 19th-century warships and deep-water archaeology. Tane holds a graduate certificate in maritime archaeology from the University of Hawaii and a master's degree from the Program in Maritime Studies at East Carolina University. NOAA Monitor Sanctuary: https://monitor.noaa.gov/ Tane Casserley's Biography: https://monitor.noaa.gov/about/contact.html NOAA Monitor Sanctuary Proposed Expansion: https://monitor.noaa.gov/management/expansion.html Resources for Educators: https://monitor.noaa.gov/education/teachers.html Living Shipwrecks 3D https://3d-shipwreck-data-viewer-noaa.hub.arcgis.com/ The Mariner's Museum https://www.marinersmuseum.org/ NOAA Monitor Merchant Mariners https://youtu.be/Avs11vI1ios

The University of West Florida archaeology program identified the archaeological site of the Luna settlement – the first multi-year European settlement in the United States – in a developed neighborhood in Pensacola. The artifacts discovered are evidence of the Spanish settlement by Tristán de Luna y Arellano from 1559 to 1561, the earliest multi-year European colonial settlement ever archaeologically identified in the United States. UWF archaeologists recovered numerous sherds of broken 16th century Spanish ceramics found undisturbed beneath the ground surface. The artifacts were linked to the Spanish expedition led by Luna, who brought 1,500 soldiers, colonists, slaves and Aztec Indians in 11 ships from Veracruz, Mexico, to Pensacola to begin the Spanish colonization of the northern Gulf Coast in 1559. The Luna settlement inhabited Pensacola from 1559 to 1561, which predates the Spanish settlement in St. Augustine, Florida, by six years, and the English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia, by 48 years. Dr. John Bratten, chair and associate professor of anthropology, teaches archaeology, maritime studies, shipwreck archaeology and artifact conservation. Bratten was always fascinated by stories of arctic explorers and shipwrecks. But reading the book, “The Sea Remembers: Shipwrecks and Archaeology,” inspired him to switch careers midstream – from teaching science to studying maritime archaeology. As co-principal investigator of the Emanuel Point II shipwreck, Bratten combines his passion for science and archeology by overseeing the excavation and artifact conservation of the second vessel from Tristán de Luna's 1559 colonization fleet. He utilizes a state-of-the-art freeze-dryer provided by the Archaeology Institute to stabilize and maintain diagnostic information from artifacts that have been submerged in water for more than 400 years. Bratten wrote, “The Gondola Philadelphia and the Battle of Lake Champlain,” a comprehensive analysis of the oldest intact warship and the associated artifacts that were recovered from the bottom of Lake Champlain. In addition to his manuscript publication, he has written numerous journal articles, lay publications and technical reports. He was also board member of the CSS Alabama Project and the Pensacola Archaeological Society. Before joining UWF in 1996, he was a conservator for Florida's Bureau of Archaeological Research. Dr. John Bratten, University of West Florida Faculty Page: https://uwf.edu/cassh/departments/anthropology/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/john-bratten.html The Discovery and Exploration of Tristán de Luna's 1559-1561 Settlement on Pensacola Bay https://pages.uwf.edu/jworth/Worth%20et%20al%202017_FAS.pdf Luna Settlement: https://uwf.edu/cassh/community-outreach/anthropology-and-archaeology/research/faculty-and-staff-projects/luna-settlement/ Luna Media Kit: https://uwf.edu/media/university-of-west-florida/about-uwf/images/luna-settlement/LunaMediaKit_2015_Web.pdf Florida's Lost Galleon: The Emanuel Point Shipwreck https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36796623-florida-s-lost-galleon Archaeology Institute https://uwf.edu/cassh/community-outreach/archaeology-institute/ FLORIDA FRONTIERS: The Luna Settlement Excavation https://www.pbs.org/video/florida-frontiers-luna-settlement-excavation/

Rich Hendren is thirty-year veteran of the United States Navy and spent most of his career in the Submarine Service. After retiring from the Navy, he spent the next ten years working in maritime, petroleum, and hydrographic industries. In 2016, he dropped out of work and went to Texas A&M University (TAMU) to begin graduate studies in the Anthropology Department's Nautical Archaeology Program. Advised by Dr. Kevin Crisman, he is researching the American submarine USS H1. H1 was launched in 1913 and represents a transition in early submarine construction. Designed as the most heavily armed US submarine of her day, the sub carried eight torpedoes and was also equipped with state-of-the-art reversing diesel engines. She was the first boat of the most prolific class of allied submarine deployed in the First World War era. H1 herself would not see combat and spent the war years on the East Coast serving primarily as a training platform. On the return voyage to her homeport of San Pedro, California, H1 ran aground on the night of 12 March 1920 off Isla Margarita, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Lieutenant Commander James Webb, H1‘s commanding officer, ordered his 24-man crew to abandon ship and swim ashore. Webb and three others drowned, although the rest of the sailors reached safety. The navy sent the salvage ship USS Vestal to recover the sub. Vestal pulled H1 into deeper water, but heavy weather had already beaten her hull to the point where it was no longer watertight, and she sank in 15m of water. Rich Hendren's research focuses on the innovational aspects of H1 and the class of boats that followed her. He hopes to visit H1's wreck site this winter at the kind invitation of Dr. Roberto Junco Sanchez of Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and with the funding generously provided by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology and the Anthropology Department of TAMU. Dr. George Schwartz, of the Naval History and Heritage Command's Underwater Archaeology Branch, has graciously provided technical documentation and guidance. The goals of the initial visit were to gain an understanding of the site and the condition of the wreck. Rich Hendren: https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/anthropology/profile/richard-hendren/ PigBoats.Com provided some of the photos: https://pigboats.com/subs/h-boats.html Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/h/h-1.html Clip from John Greene's Crash Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErOitC7OyHk

Edward J. Marolda joined the NASOH Video/Podcast to discuss his new book, Admirals Under Fire: U.S. Naval Leaders and the Vietnam War." That work focuses on five US Navy Admirals - Don Felt, Ulysses Simpson Grant Sharp, Thomas Moorer, Elmo Zumwalt, and James Holloway. Dr. Marolda discussed their roles as they related to not just the execution of the Vietnam War, but also the political and social issues that were facing the Navy and the country in that time period. He served as the Acting Director of Naval History and Senior Historian of the Navy. In 2017 the Naval Historical Foundation honored him with its Commodore Dudley W. Knox Naval History Lifetime Achievement Award. He has authored, coauthored, or edited nine works on the U.S. Navy's experience in Vietnam. In support of the U.S. Naval Institute's Oral History Program, he has interviewed Vietnam veterans and retired admirals Stanley R. Arthur and Joseph W. Prueher. At Georgetown University, Dr. Marolda has taught courses on the Cold War in the Far East and the Vietnam War. He holds degrees in history from Pennsylvania Military College (BA), Georgetown University (MA), and George Washington University (PhD). By Sea, Air, and Land https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/by-sea-air-land-marolda.html The U.S. Navy and the Vietnam War series (9 volumes edited by Dr. Marolda) https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/vietnam-war0.html Combat at Close Quarters: An Illustrated History of the U.S. Navy in the Vietnam War https://www.usni.org/press/books/combat-close-quarters US Naval Institute Articles and Books by Ed Marolda: https://www.usni.org/people/edward-marolda

Dr. William Thiesen is the Atlantic-area historian for the U.S. Coast Guard and author of Industrializing American Shipbuilding: The Transformation of Ship Design and Construction, 1820–1920 and Cruise of the Dashing Wave: Rounding Cape Horn in 1860 (University Press of Florida, 2009 and 2010, respectively). On the NASOH Video/Podcast he discussed the U.S. Coast Guard's role in enforcing Prohibition, commonly referred to as the Rum War. This included discussions on the tactics and technologies employed by the Coast Guard, including new cutters and aircraft, and the use of intelligence. This was the largest expansion in the history of the Coast Guard up to that date and had a significant impact on their ability to prosecute the anti-submarine campaign and amphibious warfare in the Second World War. USCG Historian's Office Page: https://www.history.uscg.mil/ Coast Guard Compass - the Official Blog of the Coast Guard: https://compass.coastguard.blog/ Articles by Dr. Thiesen in US Naval Institute Naval History: https://www.usni.org/people/william-h-thiesen Articles by Dr. Thiesen in Maritime Executive https://www.maritime-executive.com/search?key=william+thiesen+ Cutterman Frank Newcomb and the Rescue of USS Winslow https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-157/ Revenue Cutter C. W. Lawrence—Taming America's Maritime Frontier https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-168/ The Overland Relief Expedition–Saving Whalers 120 Years Ago Above the Arctic Circle https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-166/ 30 Years After the Exxon Valdez Disaster—The Coast Guard's Environmental Protection Mission https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-167/ First Lady Harriet Rebecca Lane and the Cutters That Have Borne Her Name https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-163/ Cutterman Hugh George Campbell: Master and Commander of Super-Cutter Eagle and Forgotten Hero of the Quasi War https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-153/ Coast Guardsman Robert Goldman, and the Kamikaze Attack on LST-66 https://seahistory.org/in-the-pages-of-sea-history-160/ INDUSTRIALIZING AMERICAN SHIPBUILDING: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, 1820–1920 https://upf.com/book.asp?id=9780813029405 The Coast Guard Museum: https://www.coastguardmuseum.org/ Donald Canney, The Rum War: The US Coast Guard and Prohibition https://media.defense.gov/2020/May/29/2002307825/-1/-1/0/RUMWAR.PDF Robert Johnson, Guardians of the Sea: History of the United States Coast Guard 1915 to Present https://books.google.com/books/about/Guardians_of_the_Sea.html?id=8ILfAAAAMAAJ The Wisconsin Maritime Museum https://www.wisconsinmaritime.org/

The controversy surrounding the military naming items after Confederates have come to the forefront following the death of George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter Movement. The US Army is examining whether to change the name of ten bases that honor Confederate generals. For the United States Navy, this matter is present on the grounds of the US Naval Academy and in the fleet. At the Academy, the residence of the commandant is named after Franklin Buchanan and a Ticonderoga-class cruiser is named for Confederate victory in the Civil War, USS Chancellorsville. NASOH examined Matthew Fontaine Maury, the Pathfinder of the Sea. His statue is featured in Richmond on Monument Avenue, along with Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and JEB Stuard - the first two had ballistic missile submarines named after them. Maury's name is affixed to an engineering building at the Academy and in 2016 a new survey ship was placed in service as USNS Maury for the Military Sealift Command. NASOH brought together four historians with an expertise in Matthew Fountaine Maury and the Nineteenth century US Navy. Dr. Penelope Hardy with University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and a graduate of the US Naval Academy. https://www.uwlax.edu/profile/phardy/ Margaret Stack, a doctoral candidate at the University of Connecticut https://history.uconn.edu/doctoral-students/margaret-stack/ Dr. Michael Verney of Drury University https://www.drury.edu/history-philosophy-and-religion/michael-verney-phd Dr. Jason Smith of University of Southern Connecticut https://www.southernct.edu/directory/smithj131 The video at the beginning was courtesy of YouTube: Prophet Without Honor https://youtu.be/aonLq8TU6UY

Heather Haley is a doctoral candidate who focuses on twentieth-century U.S. social and military history. Her primary research identifies the ways in which citizenship rights and military service intersected in the Cold War U.S. military. In her dissertation project, “Unsuitable and Incompatible: Ensign Vernon “Copy” Berg, Bisexuality, and the Cold War U.S. Navy,” Haley chronicles the incongruities in official policy between the Civil Service Commission (CSC) and the armed forces as it related to the compatibility of homosexuals—a catch-all that includes gay men and women and bisexuals—as federal employees and as active duty and retired service members. This research has received financial support from the Adams Center for Military History & Strategic Analysis at the Virginia Military Institute, the Society for Military History, and the History Department at Auburn University. Haley also received her Public History certification in 2018. With the oral history skills she honed as a student of the Auburn University Public History Program, Heather initiated the Social Justice and Women's Rights Oral History Project. As the project lead, she conducts oral histories and collects ephemera from the students, faculty, staff, administrators, and alumni of Auburn University who participated in local, regional, and national marches for the advocacy of women's rights, science- and evidence-based policy, and social justice. She is currently partnering with the Ralph Brown Draughton Library Special Collections and Archives to permanently display the collection's audio and visual contents online, making the materials accessible to researchers. The project has been generously funded through a Women's Studies Program grant, the Samia I. Spencer Creative Mentorship Award. Haley holds a Master's degree in History from Texas State University. While under the direction of Dr. Ellen Tillman, Heather's thesis, “Strategic Surprise: The Dispersal of Agent Orange in Vietnam and Korea in the late-1960s,” received the distinction of Outstanding Master's Thesis in the Humanities and Fine Arts from the College of Liberal Arts. Preble Hall Podcast: https://naval-history-lyceum.simplecast.com/episodes/the-case-of-ensign-vernon-copy-berg-7OOMGFuP Books and Sites referenced in the Video: Margot Canady, The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691149936/the-straight-state Lillian Faderman, The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Gay-Revolution/Lillian-Faderman/9781451694123 George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940 https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/george-chauncey/gay-new-york/9781541699212/ USS Little Rock https://buffalonavalpark.org/exhibits/uss-little-rock/

Meenu Rabecca is a first year PhD student in the Department of History at Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kerala, India. As an ardent researcher and beginner in the Dutch (VOC) history of Malabar and South East Asia, her doctoral research investigates the VOC's interactions and manoeuvres in Cochin in the south west coast of India. She is presently in the early stages of her research. She holds an MPhil degree in history from Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit and Master's Degree in History from School of Social science, Pondicherry Central University, India. She has received the ASPIRE fellowship (2019 – 2020) by Kerala government. The project titled “Papers of Power: Locating Cochin in Dutch (VOC) treaty making politics, (1662 – 1684) - A study based on Dutch and Malayalam treaties” is currently going on in Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi, India under the supervision of Professor Pius Malekandathil (JNU). She has presented various papers in historical conferences in Kerala. The latest is the paper titled “So Lang son en maan duuart” (As long as the sun and moon lasts): Exploring the Sanskrit Influence on Dutch treaties in South East Asia' in the international Conference on ‘Sanskrit in Medieval India: Retrieving Lost Traditions' at Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit Kalady from 10th to 12th December 2019. Recommended source sites: www.tanap.net sejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id www.nationaalarchief.nl

Lincoln Paine is an accomplished maritime writer, with five books to his credit.  He joined NASOH to discuss his past works, and a recent article in The Argonauta entitled, "The Environmental Turn in Maritime History."   He also discussed a future project entitled, "Global America and How it Got That Way."  We also discussed the Maine Maritime History and how he entered the field.     Lincoln Paine's website: http://lincolnpaine.com/   Lincoln Paine's books: http://lincolnpaine.com/books/   Lincoln Paine's bibliography for The Sea and Civilization: http://lincolnpaine.com/bibliography-of-world-maritime-history/   "The Environmental Turn in Maritime History:: https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/argonauta/pdf/argo_37_2.pdf   Arctic Futures Institute:   https://www.arcticfuturesinstitute.org/   Maine Maritime Museum: https://www.mainemaritimemuseum.org/    Follow Lincoln Paine on Twitter: @LincolnPaine

The introduction to the North American Society for Oceanic History (NASOH) Podcast with its host, Dr. Sal Mercogliano.

Dr. John Beeler of the University of Alabama discusses his paper, Britain, Spain, the United States and the Cuban Slave Trade during the American Civil War. He also discussed his research in Admiral Alexander Milne of the Royal Navy and the field of Maritime History and research. John Beeler bio: https://history.ua.edu/people/john-f-beeler/ British Naval Policy in the Gladstone-Disraeli Era, 1866-1880: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0804729816/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i0 John Beeler WorldCat: http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n97078743/