Podcasts about otago new zealand

Unfortunately, it took us four trips to New Zealand before we discovered Arrowtown. We had been recommended by friends and family many times to go.  They all said – you have to go to Arrowtown – it is so beautiful, but we just hadn't found the time. This trip though we did – and we were not disappointed.  What a gorgeous, quaint little village.  It has a population of just over 3,000 people and is right on the edge of the picturesque Arrow River. Many people come here to explore the varied hikes or bike trails and it is also the starting point for popular wine tours, both guided and bike tours. The main street, Buckingham Street, is like out of a time capsule and is full of fabulous shops and even more fabulous cafes and restaurants, some with fascinating histories. You can wander around town and see all the centuries old miners' huts or walk through the Chinese settlement that still has houses and shops in the original condition from the gold rush days. If you are feeling lucky you can even try your hand at gold panning. The local museum is renowned as being one of the best in New Zealand and is the local tourist information centre as well. If you want to see the pictures or the interactive map as well as the links to the places, we mention then click here www.beachtravelwine.com/podcast/81/arrowtown You can see all our New Zealand series here www.beachtravelwine.com/newzealand or check us out on Instagram here https://www.instagram.com/beachtravelwine/ Please enjoy episode 81 all about Arrowtown in New Zealand. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/leanne-mccabe/message

Want to know about the best wineries to visit in Central Otago and the best ways to get there? Well then keep listening as we take you on a wine hopper experience through this picturesque wine region of New Zealand. There are many ways to explore the region, including the wine hopper tour, private tours and of course bike and e-bike tours.  We share the details on all of these different ways to get around the region. Come with us as we visit one tavern, and seven very different vineyards and cellar doors which all have a unique way of sharing their wines with visitors. One of the cellar doors asks you to take a Flight of Fancy Quiz to see which one of five different wine tastings is perfect for you. That was so much fun. Other vineyards we visited were in rustic horse stables, one is featured in a famous TV show, another is a converted church. We had a wine tasting in the largest wine cave in New Zealand, enjoyed a prize-winning glamorous cellar door with the cutest little outdoor wine tasting cubby houses. We even tasted wine from the most southern cellar door in the world with a connection to Captain Cook and we marveled at the stunning views at each venue.  The places we visited may have very different cellar doors and vineyards, but the one thing they have in common is their fabulous wine.  Stay listening to the end where we tell you how you can visit two of the most well-known and prize winning wineries in Central Otago without driving, being on a tour or riding a bike and it only costs $2. So grab a glass, sit back and enjoy Episode 79 all about the stunning Central Otago Wine Region of New Zealand. If you want to see all the pictures of these vineyards and cellar doors, plus links to their websites and tours then click here www.beachtravelwine.com/podcast/79/winetour If you would like your business or region featured on our podcast then email leanne@beachtravelwine.com or message us on Instagram www.instagram.com/beachtravelwine/ You can visit our website at www.beachtravelwine.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/leanne-mccabe/message

“Saturday Mornings Show” host Glenn van Zutphen and guest co-host Trisha Craig, Yale-NUS speak to Rosemary Overell, Senior Lecturer, Media, Film & Communication, University of Otago New Zealand about the rise of the Meta Threads app and why 100 million people have already signed up.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Videos : Proof Government Lab Created COVID, Says Escaped Chinese Virologist Dr. Li-Meng Yan – Ask Dr. Drew   Fewer cases of melanoma among people taking vitamin D supplements University of Eastern Finland, January 10, 2023 Fewer cases of melanoma were observed among regular users of vitamin D supplements than among non-users, a new study finds. People taking vitamin D supplements regularly also had a considerably lower risk of skin cancer, according to estimates by experienced dermatologists. The study, conducted in collaboration between the University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital and published in Melanoma Research, included nearly 500 people with an increased risk of skin cancer. 498 adult patients estimated to have an increased risk of a skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma, were recruited at the dermatological outpatient clinic of Kuopio University Hospital. Experienced dermatologists at the University of Eastern Finland carefully analysed the patients' background information and medical history and examined their skin. The dermatologists also classified the patients into different skin cancer risk classes, namely low risk, moderate risk and high risk. Based on their use of oral vitamin D supplements, the patients were divided into three groups: non-users, occasional users and regular users. Serum calcidiol levels were analysed in half of the patients and found to correspond to their self-reported use of vitamin D. A key finding of the study is that there were considerably fewer cases of melanoma among regular users of vitamin D than among non-users, and that the skin cancer risk classification of regular users was considerably better than non-users'. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for melanoma among regular users was considerably reduced, more than halved, compared to non-users. The findings suggest that even occasional users of vitamin D may have a lower risk for melanoma than non-users. Other relatively recent studies, too, have provided evidence of the benefits of vitamin D in melanoma, such as of the association of vitamin D with a less aggressive melanoma. (NEXT) Diabetics should pay attention to vitamin C University of Otago (New Zealand), January 9 2023. Research reported in Nutrients suggests that low intake and serum levels of vitamin C may be particularly risky for adults with diabetes. The study analyzed data from 25,206 men and 26,944 women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. Four hundred twenty-eight individuals had type 1 diabetes and 6,807 had type 2 diabetes. At the beginning of the study, 38% of the people had an intake of vitamin C that was below the estimated average requirement (EAR), which worsened to 46.5% by 2017-2018. Individuals whose intake of vitamin C was lower than the EAR had a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with an intake above the EAR, and those who did not use vitamin C supplements had a 28% greater risk than vitamin C supplement users. Low and deficient serum vitamin C levels were associated with fewer years of life in comparison with normal vitamin levels. Compared with an adequate intake of vitamin C, the risk of mortality through 2019 among type 2 diabetics was 25% greater for those with a very low intake of the vitamin. Deficient serum levels of the vitamin were associated with an 84% greater mortality risk compared with adequate levels. Not supplementing with vitamin C was associated with a 25% greater mortality risk among people with type 1 diabetes, a 20% greater risk among those with type 2 diabetes and a 24% greater risk among nondiabetics compared with supplementation. “Observation of declining vitamin C intake and deleterious consequences of low serum vitamin C in US adults with diabetes suggests encouragement of vitamin C intake, including vitamin C supplementation of 500–1000 mg/day, may be beneficial for pre-diabetic and diabetic US adults,” the authors concluded. (NEXT) Feeling depressed? Performing acts of kindness may help Ohio State University, January 10, 2023 People suffering from symptoms of depression or anxiety may help heal themselves by doing good deeds for others, new research shows. The study found that performing acts of kindness led to improvements not seen in two other therapeutic techniques used to treat depression or anxiety. Most importantly, the acts of kindness technique was the only intervention tested that helped people feel more connected to others, said study co-author David Cregg at The Ohio State University. “Social connection is one of the ingredients of life most strongly associated with well-being. Performing acts of kindness seems to be one of the best ways to promote those connections,” Cregg said. The research also revealed why performing acts of kindness worked so well: It helped people take their minds off their own depression and anxiety symptoms. This finding suggests that one intuition many people have about people with depression may be wrong, Cheavens said. “We often think that people with depression have enough to deal with, so we don't want to burden them by asking them to help others. But these results run counter to that,” she said. “Doing nice things for people and focusing on the needs of others may actually help people with depression and anxiety feel better about themselves.” The study involved 122 people in central Ohio who had moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. After an introductory session, the participants were split into three groups. Two of the groups were assigned to techniques often used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression: planning social activities or cognitive reappraisal. Members of the third group were instructed to perform three acts of kindness a day for two days out of the week. Acts of kindness were defined as “big or small acts that benefit others or make others happy, typically at some cost to you in terms of time or resources.” Some of the acts of kindness that participants later said they did included baking cookies for friends, offering to give a friend a ride, and leaving sticky notes for roommates with words of encouragement. Participants followed their instructions for five weeks, after which they were evaluated again. The researchers then checked with the participants after another five weeks to see if the interventions were still effective. The findings showed that participants in all three groups showed an increase in life satisfaction and a reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms after the 10 weeks of the study. “But acts of kindness still showed an advantage over both social activities and cognitive reappraisal by making people feel more connected to other people, which is an important part of well-being,” he said. In addition, the acts of kindness group showed greater improvements than the cognitive reappraisal group for life satisfaction and symptoms of depression and anxiety, results showed. Cheavens noted that just participating in social activities did not improve feelings of social connection in this study. “There's something specific about performing acts of kindness that makes people feel connected to others. It's not enough to just be around other people, participating in social activities,” she said. (NEXT) Selenium protects a specific type of interneurons in the brain Helmholtz Zentrum München (Germany) December 29, 2022 Exactly 200 years ago, the Swedish scientist Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered the trace element selenium, which he named after the goddess of the moon, Selene. Selenium is an essential trace element and indispensable for humans, many animals and some bacteria. A team led by Dr. Marcus Conrad, research group leader at the Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, showed for the first time why selenium is a limiting factor for mammals. The scientists have been investigating for years the processes of a novel type of cell death, known as ferroptosis. In this context, the enzyme GPX4, which normally contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine, plays an important role. In order to better understand the role of GPX4 in this death process, we established and studied mouse models in which the enzyme was modified,” said study leader Conrad. “In one of these models, we observed that mice with a replacement of selenium to sulfur in GPX4 did not survive for longer than three weeks due to neurological complications.” In their search for the underlying reasons, the researchers identified a distinct subpopulation of specialized neurons in the brain, which were absent when selenium-containing GPX4 was lacking. “In further studies, we were able to show that these neurons were lost during postnatal development, when sulfur- instead of selenium-containing GPX4 was present,” stated first author of the study, Irina Ingold. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that ferroptosis is triggered by oxidative stress, which is known to occur for instance during high metabolic activity of cells and high neuronal activity. “Our study demonstrates for the first time that selenium is an essential factor for the postnatal development of a specific type of interneurons,” said Dr. José Pedro Friedmann Angeli, a scientist at the IDG, describing the results. “Selenium-containing GPX4 protects these specialized neurons from oxidative stress and from ferroptotic cell death.” (NEXT) Association of Dietary α-Carotene and β-Carotene Intake with Low Cognitive Performance in Older Adults Sun Yat-sen University (China), January 3, 2023 With the increased life expectancy around the world, the number of elderly people with cognitive decline has been escalating, causing a burden for their families and governments. The decline in cognitive function is associated with various factors, including normal aging processes and neurological diseases. However, without any prevention measures to delay cognitive function decline, the decline in cognitive function will gradually develop into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. The process of Alzheimer's disease is irreversible, and medical treatment for this disease is still limited. The underlying mechanism of vitamin B12 on cognitive function is related to the activation of methylation reactions in the brain. According to previous studies, vitamin A, an antioxidant in the central nervous system, also participates in cognitive function decline in older people. Both α-carotene and β-carotene can be transformed into retinol, which will be converted into a long-chain fatty acid ester that is the main precursor of vitamin A in the human body. Thus, α-carotene and β-carotene may have similar effects on neurocognitive decline. Some previous studies showed that higher levels of α-carotene and β-carotene in the plasma were associated with better cognitive function. In this study, our results reflected that dietary α-carotene and β-carotene intake might have inverse effects on cognitive function decline in older people. However, the excessive intake of dietary α-carotene and β-carotene may be a problem that needs special attention. (NEXT) Consumption of fast food linked to liver disease University of Southern California, January 10, 2023 The new year has begun, and with it, resolutions for change. A study from Keck Medicine of USC published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology gives people extra motivation to reduce fast-food consumption. The study found that eating fast food is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a potentially life-threatening condition in which fat builds up in the liver. Researchers discovered that people with obesity or diabetes who consume 20% or more of their daily calories from fast food have severely elevated levels of fat in their liver compared to those who consume less or no fast food. And the general population has moderate increases of liver fat when one-fifth or more of their diet is fast food. “Healthy livers contain a small amount of fat, usually less than 5%, and even a moderate increase in fat can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,” said Ani Kardashian, MD, a hepatologist with Keck Medicine and lead author of the study. “The severe rise in liver fat in those with obesity or diabetes is especially striking, and probably due to the fact that these conditions cause a greater susceptibility for fat to build up in the liver.” The findings also reveal that a relatively modest amount of fast food, which is high in carbohydrates and fat, can hurt the liver. “If people eat one meal a day at a fast-food restaurant, they may think they aren't doing harm,” said Kardashian. “However, if that one meal equals at least one-fifth of their daily calories, they are putting their livers at risk.” Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, also known as liver steatosis, can lead to cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver, which can cause liver cancer or failure. Liver steatosis affects over 30% of the U.S. population. The study characterized fast food as meals, including pizza, from either a drive-through restaurant or one without wait staff. The researchers evaluated the fatty liver measurement of approximately 4,000 adults whose fatty liver measurements were included in the survey and compared these measurements to their fast-food consumption. Of those surveyed, 52% consumed some fast food. Of these, 29% consumed one-fifth or more daily calories from fast food. Only this 29% of survey subjects experienced a rise in liver fat levels. The association between liver steatosis and a 20% diet of fast food held steady for both the general population and those with obesity or diabetes even after data was adjusted for multiple other factors such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, alcohol use and physical activity.

HEALTH NEWS   Hyaluranic acid, a naturally occurring compound, awakens stem cells to repair damaged muscle 'A banana a day': Starch supplement may reduce the risk of some hereditary cancers Running reduces risk of death regardless of duration, speed Eating processed foods is hurting your brain, study says: Even '2 cookies' can affect health Sharing memories with toddlers helps their well-being into adulthood What the Amish can teach us about health and happiness   Hyaluranic acid, a naturally occurring compound, awakens stem cells to repair damaged muscle University of Ottawa (Ontario), August 4 2022 A new study published in the journal Science reveals a unique form of cell communication that controls muscle repair. In damaged muscle, stem cells must work together with immune cells to complete the repair process, yet how these cells coordinate to ensure the efficient removal of dead tissue before making new muscle fibers has remained unknown. The scientists have now shown that a natural substance called hyaluronic acid, which is used in cosmetics and injections for osteoarthritis, is the key molecule that manages this fundamental interaction. "When muscles get damaged, it is important for immune cells to quickly enter the tissue and remove the damage before stem cellsbegin repair," said Dr. Jeffrey Dilworth, senior scientist at the University of Ottawa and senior author on the study. "Our study shows that muscle stem cells are primed to start repair right away, but the immune cells maintain the stem cells in a resting state while they finish the cleanup job. After about 40 hours, once the cleanup job is finished, an internal alarm goes off in the muscle stem cells that allows them to wake up and start repair." Dr. Dilworth and his team identified hyaluronic acid as the key ingredient in this internal alarm clock that tells muscle stem cells when to wake up. When muscle damage occurs, stem cells start producing and coating themselves with hyaluronic acid. Once the coating gets thick enough, it blocks the sleep signal from the immune cells and causes the muscle stem cells to wake up. "Interestingly, aging is associated with chronic inflammation, muscle weakness and a reduced ability of muscle stem cells to wake up and repair damage,. "If we could find a way to enhance hyaluronic acid production in the muscle stem cells of older people it might help with muscle repair." 'A banana a day': Starch supplement may reduce the risk of some hereditary cancers Universities of Newcastle and Leeds (UK), August 4, 2022 Resistant starches (RS) are carbohydrates that pass undigested through the small intestine and are digested, or fermented, in the large intestine. They are present in plant-based foods including beans, oats, breakfast cereals, rice, cooked and cooled pasta, peas, and slightly unripe bananas. RS forms part of dietary fiber, which is known to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and many other non-communicable diseases. Researchers at Newcastle University and the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom found that a RS powder supplement may help prevent cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome, an inherited condition, predisposes people to colon cancer, gastric cancer, and several other cancers. The experts ran a multinational trial involving almost 1,000 people with Lynch syndrome. They gave the participants a 30g dose of RS for an average of two years. The supplementation did not affect colorectal cancers as expected. However, unexpectedly, its protective potential was most apparent in the upper digestive tract, where cancers are aggressive and not usually caught early.The  trial analyzed the long-term effects of aspirin and RS on cancer onset in patients with Lynch syndrome. The dose used was equivalent to eating one slightly unripe banana daily. Bananas at this stage resist breakdown in the small intestine, reaching the large intestine and feeding the microbiome there. They found no difference in the number of colorectal cancer cases. However, fewer participants receiving the supplement developed non-colorectal LS cancers compared to those taking the placebo.   Running reduces risk of death regardless of duration, speed Iowa State University,  July 29, 2022   Running 5 minutes daily can reduce risk of cardiovascular disease-related death   Running for only a few minutes a day or at slow speeds may significantly reduce a person's risk of death from cardiovascular disease compared to someone who does not run, according to a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.    Researchers studied 55,137 adults between the ages of 18 and 100 over a 15-year period to determine whether there is a relationship between running and longevity. In the study period, 3,413 participants died, including 1,217 whose deaths were related to cardiovascular disease. In this population, 24 percent of the participants reported running as part of their leisure-time exercise.    Compared with non-runners, the runners had a 30 percent lower risk of death from all causes and a 45 percent lower risk of death from heart disease or stroke. Runners on average lived three years longer compared to non-runners. Also, to reduce mortality risk at a population level from a public health perspective, the authors concluded that promoting running is as important as preventing smoking, obesity or hypertension. The benefits were the same no matter how long, far, frequently or fast participants reported running. Benefits were also the same regardless of sex, age, body mass index, health conditions, smoking status or alcohol use.   The study showed that participants who ran less than 51 minutes, fewer than 6 miles, slower than 6 miles per hour, or only one to two times per week had a lower risk of dying compared to those who did not run. Runners who ran less than an hour per week have the same mortality benefits compared to runners who ran more than three hours per week. Thus, it is possible that the more may not be the better in relation to running and longevity.      Eating processed foods is hurting your brain, study says: Even '2 cookies' can affect health Yale University, August 3, 2022 Although it's obvious that a diet of hot dogs and ice cream won't lead to a healthy physical life, new research illuminates how ultra-processed foods can also cause a significant decrease in brain function. Research presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in San Diego outlined how foods such as instant noodles, sugary drinks and frozen meals all play a factor in a faster rate of cognitive decline. "Just 100 calories of processed foods can affect your physical health. So, that's two cookies." Research has linked ultra-processed food consumption to health problems like obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers.  That's because they cause inflammation, which can affect neurotransmitters in the brain. Processed foods also operate on a micro level with billions and billions of bacteria cells that (impair) functioning." The findings found that participants who were getting 20% or more of their daily calories from ultra-processed foods saw a far faster decline in cognitive performance over the span of six to 10 years versus people with diets containing few processed foods.   Sharing memories with toddlers helps their well-being into adulthood University of Otago (New Zealand), August 3 2022 How mothers share memories with their children during toddlerhood impacts mental health and well-being in early adulthood, a University of Otago study has shown. Researchers found 21-year-olds told more coherent stories about turning points in their lives if their mothers were taught new conversational techniques two decades earlier. These adults also reported fewer symptoms of depression and greater self-esteem compared to adults in the study whose mothers interacted with them as usual. The study, published in Journal of Research in Personality, is a long-term follow-up of a reminiscing intervention in which 115 mothers of toddlers were assigned to either a control group or taught to use elaborative reminiscing for a year. Elaborative reminiscing involves open, enriched, and responsive conversations with children about shared experiences of everyday events. This is the first study to show long-term benefits of mother-child reminiscing for emerging adult development.   What the Amish can teach us about health and happiness University of Tennessee, July 29, 2022  Often viewed as outcasts by mainstream society, the Amish may seem downright bizarre to the average American. Foregoing technological advancements that many of us would be lost without, the Amish have created a way of life that fosters a connection with the land and environment, while also cultivating an impressive sense of community. And they are healthy -- exceedingly so. The Amish rarely experience disorders like cancer or cardiovascular disease, seemingly able to bypass illness altogether. What's their secret?   One of the most striking aspects of the Amish is how they lead their lives, free from modern inventions like electricity, telephones, cars and the myriad of gadgets most of us consider so essential for our productivity and happiness. This high level of daily physical activity helps to keep their obesity rates low and cardiovascular health in top form.    "The Amish were able to show us just how far we've fallen in the last 150 years or so in terms of the amount of physical activity we typically perform. Their lifestyle indicates that physical activity played a critical role in keeping our ancestors fit and healthy."  One of the main contributors to stress is the speed at which we move, think and process. We are bombarded with sensory information at every turn.    Not so with the Amish. Their communities are based on patience and a slower way of being. Competition is frowned upon, while cooperation and harmony are respected. Social support is strong. Through traditional gender roles, each person has a valued part to play within the community.   The study published in Scientific Research discovered that mental health is enhanced by the structure of Amish society. Martial stability, mutual support, a secure parental base and care for the elderly were found to be contributing factors in cultivating happiness and contentment.   Moreover, the Amish tend to have low vaccination rates. Instead, they rely on clean living and a healthy diet of homegrown, organic produce, raw dairy and nourishing fats to keep immunity strong.

Study finds Mediterranean diet improves depression symptoms in young men and women University of Technology, Sydney, May 9, 2022 Young adults with a poor diet saw a significant improvement in their symptoms of depression when they switched to a healthy Mediterranean diet, a new study shows. The 12-week randomized control trial, conducted by researchers from the University of Technology Sydney, was recently published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The study contributes to the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, which aims to explore the effect that specific nutrients, foods and dietary patterns can have on mental health. The diet used in the study was rich in colorful vegetables, legumes and wholegrains, oily fish, olive oil and raw, unsalted nuts. The primary focus was on increasing diet quality with fresh wholefoods while reducing the intake of 'fast' foods, sugar and processed red mea. "There are lots of reasons why scientifically we think food affects mood. For example, around 90 percent of serotonin, a chemical that helps us feel happy, is made in our gut by our gut microbes. There is emerging evidence that these microbes can communicate to the brain via the vagus nerve, in what is called the gut-brain axis. To have beneficial microbes, we need to feed them fiber, which is found in legumes, fruits and vegetables," they said.   Amaranth extract goes head to head with beet as nitrate source Arjuna Natural (India), May 6, 2022   A number of studies have established that nitrate, a nitric oxide metabolite, is beneficial for endurance during exercise. However, this bioavailability study, published in the journal Nutrition, was the first clinical trial to show that extract of amaranthus - one of the sources of nitrite in nature - can help athletes work out longer and harder. The researchers found that a single (2g) dose of amaranth extract was able to increase nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) levels in the body for at least eight hours.   Until now, sports nutrition manufacturers have typically incorporated beetroot powder and juice into formulations in order to support nitrate levels. These findings give this market a new, more potent form of nitrate to work with, according to botanical extracts manufacturer Arjuna, whose interest in amaranthus stems from its traditional use in Indian medicine and cooking.    By comparison, he said that amaranthus was a far more “potent” form of nitrate for sports nutrition applications.   “It's standardised to 9-10% nitrate content, whereas most beet-based ingredients contain less than 2% nitrate,” he told NutraIngredients.   Arjuna attributes this to its patent production process, which extracts 9,000mg per 100g of nitrate from the leaves of the amaranthus species. Another advantage over its beet-based counterparts is that it doesn't contain any reducing sugars and oxalates.     Study identifies exact amounts of extra vitamin C for optimal immune health University of Otago (New Zealand), May 6, 2022 If you are carrying a few extra kilos in weight, an extra apple or two per day might make a difference in boosting your immune system and helping ward off COVID-19 and winter illnesses. New University of Otago  research has identified, for the first time, exactly how much extra vitamin C humans need to ingest, relative to their body weight, to maximize their immune health. The study has found that for every 10 kilograms of excess weight a person carries, their body needs an extra 10 milligrams of Vitamin C daily, which will help to optimize their immune health. "Previous studies have already linked higher body weight with lower vitamin C levels," says lead author Associate Professor Carr. "We know obesity is a risk factor for getting COVID-19 and that obese patients are more likely to struggle to fight it off once infected. We also know that vitamin C is essential for good immune function and works by helping white blood cells fight infection. The results from this study therefore suggest that increasing your vitamin C intake if overweight might be a sensible response. Pneumonia is a major complication of COVID-19 and patients with pneumonia are known to be low in vitamin C. The study determined how much vitamin C is required for people of higher body weight compared to a starting base weight of a 60 kilogram person consuming the average New Zealand dietary vitamin C intake of 110 milligrams per day, which most people achieve from a balanced diet.    Vitamin A deficiency is detrimental to blood stem cells German Cancer Research Center, May 5, 2022 Many specialized cells, such as in the skin, gut or blood, have a lifespan of only a few days. Therefore, steady replenishment of these cells is indispensable. They arise from so-called "adult" stem cells that divide continuously. In addition, there is a group of very special stem cells in the bone marrow that were first discovered in 2008 by a research team led by Andreas Trumpp, who is a division head at the DKFZ and director of HI-STEM. These cells remain in a kind of dormancy most of the time and only become active in an emergency such as bacterial or viral infections, heavy blood loss, or in the wake of chemotherapy. Once their work is done, the body sends its most potent stem cells back to sleep. The scientists assume that this protects them from dangerous mutations that may lead to leukemia. The scientists have now identified retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite, as a crucial factor in this process. If this substance is absent, active stem cells are unable to return to a dormant state and mature into specialized blood cells instead. This means that they are lost as a reservoir. This was shown in studies with specially bred mice. "If we feed these mice on a vitamin A deficient diet for some time, this leads to a loss of the stem cells," said Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid, who is the first author of the publication. "Thus, we can prove for the first time that vitamin A has a direct impact on blood stem cells."     Exposure to wildfires increases risk of cancer McGill University (Quebec), May 9, 2022 A new study from McGill University finds higher incidence of lung cancer and brain tumors in people exposed to wildfires. The study, which tracks over 2 million Canadians over a period of 20 years, is the first to examine how proximity to forest fires may influence cancer risk. "Wildfires tend to happen in the same locations each year, but we know very little about the long-term health effects of these events. Our study shows that living in close proximity to wildfires may increase the risk of certain cancers," says Scott Weichenthal, at McGill University. The study shows that people living within 50 kilometers of wildfires over the past 10 years had a 10% higher incidence of brain tumors and 4.9% higher incidence of lung cancer than people living further away.   Curcumin improves intestinal barrier function: modulation of intercellular signaling  Virginia Commonwealth University, May 5, 2022 Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University Describe New Findings in Curcumin improves intestinal barrier function According to news, research stated, "Association between circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis) has shifted the focus from high-fat high-cholesterol containing Western- type diet (WD)-induced changes in gut microbiota per se to release of gut bacteria-derived products (e.g., LPS) into circulation due to intestinal barrier dysfunction as the possible mechanism for the chronic inflammatory state underlying the development of these diseases. We demonstrated earlier that oral supplementation with curcumin attenuates WD-induced development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis."T The research concluded: "The major site of action of curcumin is, therefore, likely the intestinal epithelial cells and the intestinal barrier, and by reducing intestinal barrier dysfunction, curcumin modulates chronic inflammatory diseases despite poor bioavailability." Videos:  1. Brazil's Lula proposes creating Latin American currency to ‘be freed of US dollar' dependency (part 2) (10:00)   2. Elon Musk Blasts Soros 'Dark Money Groups' Threatening Twitter Advertisers (14:13)

"I would say for Pinot Noir it has a deep intensity! Compared to tasting a Shiraz then no, it's pale, but we are trying a Pinot Noir which is quite deep even in colour" - Carlos Santos MS The first time our podcast has circled back to the same wine varietal - Pinot Noir. A very different style to what we have previously tasted hence why we picked this bottle. Deep red fruit, no freshness, overripe and a jammy nose but with a different effect on the palate. Enjoy the glass, bottle and episode Cheers

MEET DR MEHDI RAHIMI I'm your host, Laurence Doan, and today we are joined by Dr Mehdi Rahimi. Dr Rahimi is an Adjunct Associate Professor at CSU (Orange). Mehdi graduated from dentistry with distinction from the University of Otago (New Zealand) in 2002 and received his DClinDent (Endo) degree from Melbourne in 2008. He has been actively involved in Endodontic teaching at various continued education levels, both nationally and internationally. Mehdi is a guest lecturer at Sydney and Melbourne Universities, and a CPD mentor for the Australian Dental Association New South Wales (ADA NSW). Socials: Facebook: Mehdi Rahimi Endodontist Instagram: medzy3 _____________________________________________ DOWNLOAD YOUR FREE COPY OF THE CPD JUNKIE EXCLUSIVE ANTERIOR COMPOSITE RESTORATION CHEAT SHEET BY RENOWNED AESTHETIC DENTIST DR. CLARENCE TAM https://www.cpdjunkie.com.au/aestheticscheatsheet/ _____________________________________________ Music: Dreams - Bensound | Support by RFM - NCM

This week David meets up with Ali once again as they take a closer look behind the workings of the Mototsport NZ Elite Academy which wraps up this weekend in Otago New Zealand. Its a rare insight to how the camp works and many of the other aspects of it. So sit back and enjoy another show.

U Maung Nyi (commonly known as David) was born in Kyaukse on 15 April, 1936.  He was educated in Kyaukse, Mandalay, Yangon and Otago (New Zealand).  As a mining engineer he spent many years working at Bawdwin, Myanmar's famous lead, silver and zinc mine which during colonial times was the largest such mine in the world.  Herbert Hoover, the 31st US President, made his fortune investing in Bawdwin.  David eventually became its Mine Superintendent from 1983 to 1986 and was then promoted to become General Manager of a new copper mine at Monya (known as No. 1 Copper Mine).  His resignation from this role after the 1988 riots and coup had far reaching consequences on the lives of all his family.

In this episode, Francisco Najar-Villarreal talks with Dr. Bekhit, who discusses the oxidation of meat and strategies to improve shelf life and meat quality.

The Gary Null Show is here to inform you on the best news in health, healing, the environment. Multivitamin, mineral supplement linked to less-severe, shorter-lasting illness symptoms Oregon State University, August 18, 2020   Older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with zinc and high amounts of vitamin C in a 12-week study experienced sickness for shorter periods and with less severe symptoms than counterparts in a control group receiving a placebo. The findings by Oregon State University researchers were published in the journal Nutrients. The research by scientists at OSU's Linus Pauling Institute involved 42 healthy people ages 55 to 75 and was designed to measure the supplement's effects on certain immune system indicators. It also looked at bloodstream levels of zinc and vitamins C and D while taking the supplement, as these micronutrients are important for proper immune function. The immune indicators, including white blood cells' ability to kill incoming pathogens, were unaltered in the group receiving the supplement.  The multivitamin group showedimproved vitamin C and zinc status in the blood. Most intriguingly, illness symptoms reported by this group were less severe and went away faster than those experienced by the placebo group.  The same percentage of participants in each group reported symptoms, but days of sickness in the supplement group averaged fewer than three compared to more than six for the placebo group.  "The observed illness differences were striking," said corresponding author Adrian Gombart, professor of biochemistry and biophysics in the OSU College of Science and a principal investigator at the Linus Pauling Institute. "While the study was limited to self-reported illness data and we did not design the study to answer this question, the observed differences suggest that additional larger studies designed for these outcomes are warranted - and, frankly, overdue." As people get older, the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system deficiencies rises. Across the United States, Canada and Europe, research suggests more than one-third of older adults are deficient in at least one micronutrient, often more than one. "That likely contributes to a decline in the immune system, most often characterized by increased levels of inflammation, reduced innate immune function and reduced T-cell function," Gombart said. "Since multiple nutrients support immune function, older adults often benefit from multivitamin and mineral supplements. These are readily available, inexpensive and generally regarded as safe." The multivitamin supplement used in the study focused on vitamins and minerals typically thought to help immunity. It contained 700 micrograms of vitamin A; 400 international units of vitamin D; 45 milligrams of vitamin E; 6.6 milligrams of vitamin B6; 400 micrograms of folate; 9.6 micrograms of vitamin B12; 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C; 5 milligrams of iron; 0.9 milligrams of copper; 10 milligrams of zinc; and 110 micrograms of selenium. "Supplementation was associated with significantly increased circulating levels of zinc and vitamin C, and with illness symptoms that were less severe and shorter lasting," Gombart said. "This supports findings that stretch back decades, even to the days of Linus Pauling's work with vitamin C. Our results suggest more and better designed research studies are needed to explore the positive role multivitamin and mineral supplementation might play in bolstering the immune system of older adults."     Honey found to be a better treatment for upper respiratory tract infections than traditional remedies Oxford University, August 19, 2020 A trio of researchers at Oxford University has found that honey is a better treatment for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) than traditional remedies. In their paper published in BMJ Evidence-based Medicine, Hibatullah Abuelgasim, Charlotte Albury, and Joseph Lee describe their study of the results of multiple clinical trials that involved testing of treatments for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and what they learned from the data. Over the past several years, the medical community has grown alarmed as bacteria have developed resistance to antibacterial agents. Some studies have found that over-prescription of such remedies is hastening the pace. Of particular concern are antibacterial prescriptions written for maladies that they are not likely to help, simply due to demands from patients. One such case is often URTIs, the vast majority of which are caused by viruses, not bacteria. Because of such cases, scientists have been looking for other remedies for these infections, and one therapy in particular has begun to stand out: honey. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that honey can be used to treat colds in general and coughs in particular—people have been using it as a therapy for thousands of years. In this new effort, the researchers looked at the results of multiple clinical trials testing the effectiveness of therapies against URTIs. In all, the team looked at data from 14 clinical trials involving 1,761 patients. In analyzing the data from all of the trials combined, the researchers found that the trials had included studies of virtually all of the traditional remedies such as over-the-counter cold and sinus medicines as well as antibiotics—and honey. They found that honey proved to be the best therapy among all of those tested. In addition to proving more effective in treating coughing (36 percent better at reducing the amount of coughing and 44 percent better at reducing coughing severity), it also led to a reduction in average duration of infection by two days. The researchers note that the reason honey works as a treatment for URTIs is because it contains hydrogen peroxide—a known bacteria killer—which also makes it useful as a topical treatment for cuts and scrapes. Honey is also of the right consistency—its thickness works to coat the mouth and throat, soothing irritation.   High intensity physical activity in early life could lead to stronger bones in adulthood University of Bristol (UK), August 17 2020   The research, which analysed data from 2,569 participants of the Children of the 90s health study, found that more time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) from age 12 years was associated with stronger hips at age 25 years, whereas time spent in light intensity activity was less clearly associated with adult hip strength. Peak bone mass occurs in young adulthood and is considered to be a marker of the risk of fracture and osteoporosis in later life. Hip fractures make up a large proportion of the osteoporosis disease burden.  Researchers looked at data from healthy individuals who had physical activity measured up to 4 times using accelerometers worn as part of clinical assessments at age 12, 14, 16 and 25 years. This is a device that measures a person's movement for the whole time they wear it. Researchers also found evidence to suggest that adolescent MVPA was more important than MVPA in adulthood, and that MVPA in early adolescence may be more important than in later adolescence. There was also some evidence that higher impact activity (consistent with jumping; assessed once in a subsample in late adolescence using custom accelerometer) was related to stronger hips at age 25. Dr Ahmed Elhakeem, lead author and Senior Research Associate in Epidemiology, said: "The unique availability of repeated accelerometer assessments over many years beginning at age 12 within the Children of the 90s cohort, allowed us to describe the trajectory of time spent in different physical activity intensities through early life and to examine how this might relate to adult hip strength. The results highlight adolescence as a potentially important period for bone development through high intensity exercise, which could benefit future bone health and prevent osteoporosis in later life. We have also confirmed other studies showing that levels of MVPA decline through adolescence. Our findings show it is really important to support young people to remain active at this age"  Francesca Thompson, Clinical and Operations Director at the Royal Osteoporosis Society (ROS), said: "The ROS is working closely at the moment with Public Health England to review the importance of exercise for bone health in children. The findings from this study are welcome as they provide further evidence that children need to be doing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity during their early adolescence to maximise bone strength in later life and reduce the risk of painful fractures. Supporting and encouraging young people to be more physically active needs to be a priority for bone as well as general health."   Magnesium supplementation associated with improved vitamin D status in postmenopausal women University of Granada (Spain), August 17, 2020   According to news originating from Granada, Spain,  the research stated, “Menopause is a stage of hormonal imbalance in women which, in addition to other physiopathological consequences, poses a risk of deficiency of key micronutrients such as magnesium and vitamin D.” Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from University of Granada: “A study was made of the influence of a magnesium intervention upon vitamin D status in a postmenopausal population from the province of Granada (Spain). Fifty-two healthy postmenopausal women between 44-76 years of age were included. Two randomized groups-placebo and magnesium (500 mg/day)-were treated during eight weeks. Nutrient intake was assessed using questionnaires based on 72-h recall. Vitamin D was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Baseline vitamin D proved deficient in over 80% of the subjects.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “The administration of magnesium resulted in significantly increased vitamin D levels in the intervention group versus the controls (* * p* * < 0.05). Magnesium supplementation improved vitamin D status in the studied postmenopausal women.”     High fructose diet in pregnancy impacts metabolism of offspring, study finds University of Otago (New Zealand), August 18, 2020   An increased level of fructose intake during pregnancy can cause significant changes in maternal metabolic function and milk composition and alter the metabolism of their offspring, researchers from the University of Otago, Wellington, have found. The research, which was led by Dr Clint Gray, a Research Fellow in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, found increasing the fructose in the diets of female guinea pigs led to highly significant and consistent changes in the free fatty acids circulating in the blood of their offspring. This was despite the offspring consuming no fructose themselves.  The research is published in the international journal Frontiers in Endocrinology.  First author, PhD student Erin Smith, says "previous research has shown poor quality nutrition during pregnancy can predispose offspring to long-term consequences, including the development of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life".  "However, there has been a lack of data examining the impact of increased fructose intake before and during pregnancy and subsequent adverse effects on lactation, foetal development and offspring metabolic function." The two experimental groups were fed either a control diet or a fructose diet prior to and during pregnancy. The fructose group was given supplementary fructose water to replicate increased sugar-sweetened beverage intake 60 days prior to mating and until the delivery of their offspring. Fructose made up 16.5 per cent of their diets, closely resembling the average human consumption of fructose/sugar in Western countries, which is estimated at about 14 per cent of average daily caloric intake.  "We found fructose had a significant impact on a pregnant females' metabolic status and the free fatty acid content of their milk. We also provide the first evidence that offspring born from fructose-fed mothers display a very specific pattern of increased free fatty acids and altered lipid metabolism that persists throughout early life." Ms Smith says it is well known that increased levels of circulating free fatty acids increases the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease - with increased fatty acid synthesis shown to occur following fructose consumption. She says the evidence suggests suboptimal maternal diets, such as diets high in fructose and refined sugars, may be contributing to the rise in metabolic diseases in humans observed during the past 40 to 50 years. "Our study emphasises the importance of limiting added refined fructose, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, and striving for a more nutritionally balanced diet in women prior to and during pregnancy and lactation."       Sleep makes relearning faster and longer-lasting University of Lyon (France). August 14, 2020   Getting some sleep in between study sessions may make it easier to recall what you studied and relearn what you've forgotten, even 6 months later, according to new findings from Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.   "Our results suggest that interleaving sleep between practice sessions leads to a twofold advantage, reducing the time spent relearning and ensuring a much better long-term retention than practice alone," explains psychological scientist Stephanie Mazza of the University of Lyon. "Previous research suggested that sleeping after learning is definitely a good strategy, but now we show that sleeping between two learning sessions greatly improves such a strategy."   While studies have shown that both repeated practice and sleep can help improve memory, there is little research investigating how repetition and sleep influence memory when they are combined. Mazza and colleagues hypothesized that sleeping in between study sessions might make the relearning process more efficient, reducing the effort needed to commit information to memory.   A total of 40 French adults were randomly assigned to either a "sleep" group or a "wake" group. At the first session, all participants were presented with 16 French-Swahili word pairs in random order. After studying a pair for 7 seconds, the Swahili word appeared and participants were prompted to type the French translation. The correct word pair was then shown for 4 seconds. Any words that were not correctly translated were presented again, until each word pair had been correctly translated.   Twelve hours after the initial session, the participants completed the recall task again, practicing the whole list of words until all 16 words were correctly translated.   Importantly, some participants completed the first session in the morning and the second session in the evening of the same day ("wake" group); others completed the first session in the evening, slept, and completed the second session the following morning ("sleep" group).   In the first session, the two groups showed no difference in how many words they could initially recall or in the number of trials they needed to be able to remember all 16 word pairs.   But after 12 hours, the data told another story: Participants who had slept between sessions recalled about 10 of the 16 words, on average, while those who hadn't slept recalled only about 7.5 words. And when it came to relearning, those who had slept needed only about 3 trials to be able to recall all 16 words, while those who had stayed awake needed about 6 trials.   Ultimately, both groups were able to learn all 16 word pairs, but sleeping in between sessions seemed to allow participants to do so in less time and with less effort.   "Memories that were not explicitly accessible at the beginning of relearning appeared to have been transformed by sleep in some way," says Mazza. "Such transformation allowed subjects to re-encode information faster and to save time during the relearning session."   The memory boost that participants got from sleeping between sessions seemed to last over time. Follow-up data showed that participants in the sleep group outperformed their peers on the recall test 1 week later. The sleep group showed very little forgetting, recalling about 15 word pairs, compared to the wake group, who were able to recall about 11 word pairs. This benefit was still noticeable 6 months later.   The benefits of sleep could not be ascribed to participants' sleep quality or sleepiness, or to their short-term or long-term memory capacity, as the two groups showed no differences on these measures.   The results suggest that alternating study sessions with sleep might be an easy and effective way to remember information over longer periods of time with less study, Mazza and colleagues conclude.       Meta-analysis adds evidence to chromium supplementation's glucose control benefits in diabetics Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Iran), August 15, 2020   A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 27, 2020 in Pharmacological Research found reductions in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, a marker of long term glucose control) and insulin resistance in men and women with type 2 diabetes who supplemented with the mineral chromium.  For their analysis, Omid Asbaghi of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and colleagues selected 23 randomized, controlled trials that evaluated the effects of supplementing with chromium on various glycemic control indexes. Doses used in the studies ranged between 50 micrograms (mcg) and 1,000 mcg per day consumed from four to 25 weeks. Eleven of the trials evaluated a chromium dosage within a 400 to 600 mcg range.  Analysis of 22 trials that reported fasting plasma glucose levels concluded that chromium supplementation was associated with an average reduction of 19.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in comparison with the placebo. Trials of at least 12 weeks duration were associated with a far greater average decrease of 58.74 mg/dL in association with chromium.  Of the 14 trials that reported insulin levels, levels declined by an average of 1.7784 µIU/mL among subjects who received chromium compared to the placebo, with trials that lasted 12 weeks or longer associated with a decrease of 3.47 µIU/mL.  For the 22 trials that reported HbA1c, supplementation with chromium was associated with an average decrease of 0.71%, which improved to a significant 1.70% reduction when trials of 12 weeks duration or more were examined. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) also decreased significantly among participants who received chromium.  The authors observed that chromium plays a role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and may enhance insulin sensitivity. Other nutrients that have been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes include vitamins A, C, D and E, beta-carotene, calcium, magnesium, potassium and zinc. “Present systematic review and meta-analysis of all available published randomized trials up to 2020 found a significant reduction in all glycemic control indices such as fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels after chromium supplementation,” they wrote. “Furthermore, long term intervention contributed to greater reduction of all mentioned indices.” “The results of the current meta‐analysis study might support the use of chromium supplementation for the improvement of glycemic control indices in T2DM patients,” they concluded.       Mangiferin: The Health-Boosting Antioxidant in Mangos GreenMedInfo, August 12th 2020    Mangiferin, a polyphenol found in mango fruit and plant extracts, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Mangiferin has been shown to have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular health, and may have anticancer properties Mango, a type of juicy stone fruit native to eastern Asia and India, is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, fiber, antioxidants, micronutrients and minerals, and a unique polyphenol called mangiferin.[i] While mango itself has long been touted for its health benefits, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in mangiferin, which can be found in the leaves, fruit, stone, kernel and stems of the mango plant.[ii] Studies show that mangiferin extracts may have beneficial effects on lifestyle-related disorders and degenerative diseases, and researchers are eager to understand and utilize this potent polyphenol. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Mangiferin Mangiferin is a powerful antioxidant that modulates glucose metabolism and shows enhanced antioxidant capabilities in both inflammatory and pro-inflammatory conditions.[iii] Mangiferin antioxidants have also been shown to protect against liver damage and lower peroxidation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and mangiferin may have radioprotective properties thanks to its ability to suppress free radicals in cells.[iv],[v] Additionally, mangiferin's anti-inflammatory benefits have been demonstrated in both the liver and heart, and researchers have discovered that mangiferin can protect against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by up-regulating the expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of protective antioxidants and detoxification responses.[vi],[vii] Mangiferin's anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated in the lungs, where it can improve acute lung injury by reducing systemic and pulmonary inflammationresponses.[viii] Overall, mangiferin's anti-inflammatory properties have been demonstrated to reduce both macro and microscopic damage in various organs and tissues, making it a potential preventative therapy for a variety of disorders.[ix] Many of the benefits of mangiferin come from these strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Researched benefits of mangiferin include: Mangiferin Extract May Protect Against Diabetes More than 80% of all diabetes cases are Type 2, which is associated with a lowered ability to increase glucose utilization in skeletal muscle tissue and adipose tissue.[x] This decrease in glucose metabolism and increased insulin increases the risk for disorders like cardiovascular disease, fatty liver and renal diseases.[xi] In one study, researchers demonstrated that mangiferin extract significantly reduced kidney weight while enhancing enzymatic activity and protein expression after just nine weeks.[xii] Other studies have shown that mangiferin extract can also reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and improve oral-glucose tolerance after just 28 days.[xiii] Mangiferin Boosts Gastrointestinal Health Mangiferin has gastroprotective effects, leading researchers to believe it could be a useful therapeutic measure against gastric complications including diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and anemia associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.[xiv] These effects are likely due to mangiferin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which both contribute to the development of gastrointestinal disorders.[xv] In other studies, researchers have found that mangiferin improves postoperative ileus, a short-term disturbance of gastrointestinal motility after surgery.[xvi] Mangiferin improves intestinal transit by reducing the intestinal inflammatory response and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma, improving gastrointestinal transit in both normal and constipated subjects.[xvii],[xviii] Mangiferin Has Anticancer Properties Researchers believe that one root cause of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress and have long searched for natural, polyphenolic antioxidant compounds that could mediate oxidative damage in the body. One study found that mangiferin's antioxidant capabilities may stall the progression of carcinogenesis and induce apoptosis (cell death) on cancer cells.[xix] Mangiferin is demonstrated to have protective effects against several cancers, including breast, colon, neural, skin and cervical cancers, by lowering oxidative stress and suppressing DNA damage in cells in various studies.[xx] Mangiferin Has Immunomodulatory Properties Mangiferin's strong immunomodulatory characteristics come from its ability to both reduce oxidative stress in lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages, and also enhance the number and activity of immune cells in your body.[xxi],[xxii] Additionally, mangiferin inhibits lipid peroxidation, which researchers believe may account for the reduction of radiation-induced DNA damage to immune cells and explain mangiferin's strong immune-stimulating and anticancer effects.[xxiii] Mangiferin Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease Mangiferin may play a significant cardiovascular-protective role by decreasing fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides and decreasing the inflammatory process in heart tissue.[xxiv] Mangiferin treatment is also shown to increase enzymatic activity and reduce the formation of lipid peroxides, which researchers use as a marker for cardiovascular disease risk and vascular cognitive impairment disorders.[xxv] Given that mangiferin exhibits little to no toxicity and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, there is strong evidence that mangiferin can be used as an alternative or preventive therapy against a variety of illnesses.[xxvi] However, it has a low water solubility and oral bioavailability and researchers must find an effective dosage and enhance its absorption rate before it can effectively be used in clinical settings.  

According to the World Health Organization, the worldwide estimate of influenza-related, severe illness is 3 to 5 million cases, which require hospitalizations—with roughly 290,000 to 650,000 deaths annually. Acute respiratory illnesses approximated 2.8 million deaths worldwide in 2016.Severe, lower respiratory tract infections, such as the SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to COVID-19 disease, were the most common cause of sepsis-related deaths globally from 1990-2017.Mayoclinic.org says, “sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection. The body normally releases chemicals into the bloodstream to fight an infection. Sepsis occurs when the body's response to these chemicals is out of balance, triggering changes that can damage multiple organ systems.”Our body's defense mechanisms include the fast, non-antigen (virus) specific innate and the latent, slower antigen-specific (memory of past infection) adaptive immune response. The innate system reacts rapidly to search and destroy “non-self” threats—specifically though an inflammatory response, which is followed by damage repair from the attack.The adaptive attack comes in the form of T and B lymphocytes, which secrete antibodies that are specific to the infecting pathogen—causing an immunological memory recall for future responses to the same pathogen.There are specific nutritional strategies, which support optimal immune function. According to Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect Against Viral Infections, which appeared in the journal Nutrients in 2020, “several vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper, play important and complementary roles in supporting both the innate and adaptive immune systems.”Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, also support an effective immune system–specifically by helping to resolve the inflammatory response.The study authors from the University of Southampton (United Kingdom), Oregon State University, University of Otago (New Zealand), and the University Medical Center (Netherlands), comment that, “vitamin C affects several aspects of immunity, including supporting epithelial barrier function, growth and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells, white blood cell migration to sites of infection, phagocytosis and microbial killing, and antibody production,”Vitamin D metabolites, note the researchers, “appear to regulate production of specific antimicrobial proteins that directly kill pathogens, and thus are likely to help reduce infection including in the lungs.”In order to resolve the inflammatory immune response, the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are sent to the site, “enzymatically converted to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) known as resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These molecules, along with others, function together to orchestrate the resolution of inflammation and to support healing, including in the respiratory tract.”As for recommended supplementation, the study authors cite a recent meta-analysis on upper and lower respiratory infections. “Based on this evidence, a daily intake of at least 200 mg/day for healthy individuals is recommended,” for vitamin C. This (level) is above the US RDA of 75 and 90 mg/day for female and male adults, respectively.”As for Vitamin D supplemental intake, “a daily intake of 2000 IU (50 ?g) is recommended.” However, this amount is also above the US RDA of 400–800 IU (depending on age).For Omega-3 fatty acids, “an intake of 250 mg EPA + DHA per day is recommended–consistent with global, regional, and national expert recommendations,” according to the study.

Professor Robert Poulin's interests center around how and in what ways parasites manipulate the behavior of their hosts. He joins the show to discuss his fascinating research. In this episode, you will learn: Why a parasite would benefit from making its host insect take on the appearance of a bright red berry   How an examination of the brain cells of infected insects could shed light on the pathways by which host behaviors change How a parasite's microbiome and the genomes of the microbes within it could help explain the mechanisms underlying parasite-driven behavioral modification of hosts Over the course of millions of years, parasitism has been gradually shaped and enhanced by evolution, resulting in parasites that have the amazing ability to induce behavioral and physical modifications in their hosts in ways that ultimately benefit the parasite. Consider, for instance, the hairworm, which is a parasite that grows inside a terrestrial insect in coil-like fashion until it becomes two to three feet in length, at which point it induces the insect to essentially commit suicide for its survival; the hairworm causes the insect to search for and jump into a body of water, where the hairworm can then emerge from the parasite (killing it in the process), find a mate, and reproduce. This is just one example of a parasitic relationship that Poulin hopes to better understand. In part, his research involves an examination of gene expression within the genome of the brain cells of infected host insects. Poulin is also interested in other mechanisms by which parasites manipulate hosts, such as those that may involve the microbes that parasites carry with them, or the presence of symbiotic viruses that manipulate host behavior. Among other topics, Poulin discusses how parasites are so effective at evading host immune systems, counter-adaptations to host defenses, examples of how parasites can form part of a larger ecosystem, which tissues are preferential for parasites to reside in and why, and so much more. Tune in for all the details and learn more about Poulin's research by visiting https://www.otago.ac.nz/parasitegroup/home.html. Available on Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2Os0myK

In this episode, Associate Professor Anna Ryan, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (Australia) and Professor Tim Wilkinson from the Otago Medical School, University of Otago (New Zealand) talk about programmatic assessment. We discuss what programmatic assessment is, its challenges and opportunities, and how the educator plays a role in this approach to assessment.Anna's biography can be found here (https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/249939-anna-ryan) and Tim's can be found here (https://www.otago.ac.nz/christchurch/departments/medicine/people/tim-wilkinson.html)Two papers on programmatic assessment by Tim can be found here:Wilkinson TJ, Tweed MJ, Egan TG, Ali AN, McKenzie JM, Moore M, Rudland JR. Joining the dots: conditional pass and programmatic assessment enhances recognition of problems with professionalism and factors hampering student progress. BMC Medical Education. 2011 Dec;11(1):29. https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6920-11-29Wilkinson TJ, Tweed MJ. Deconstructing programmatic assessment. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2018;9:191. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868629/The online clinical supervision course produced by Professor Steve Trumble and the Department of Medical Education can be found here: https://go.unimelb.edu.au/oo96Subscribe now (https://go.unimelb.edu.au/z6xr) to receive new episodes as they are released. Tell us what you think via Twitter (@EXCITE_UOM) or email us and let us know who and what you would like to hear about in future episodes (mededsource-podcast@unimelb.edu.au).We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work, live and learn. We also pay our respects to Elders past, present and emerging.This podcast was presented by Brett Vaughan (@BrettVaughan4), and produced by Brett Vaughan. Med Ed Source is a production of the Department of Medical Education at University of Melbourne, Australia. This episode was recorded on November 12th 2019. For more information, visit https://medicine.unimelb.edu.au/school-structure/medical-education. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. Med Ed Source is licenced under Creative Commons, Copyright 2017, the University of Melbourne.Music: Reach The Top by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com

In this episode, Associate Professor Anna Ryan, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (Australia) and Professor Tim Wilkinson from the Otago Medical School, University of Otago (New Zealand) talk about programmatic assessment. We discuss what programmatic assessment is, its challenges and opportunities, and how the educator plays a role in this approach to assessment.Anna's biography can be found here (https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/249939-anna-ryan) and Tim's can be found here (https://www.otago.ac.nz/christchurch/departments/medicine/people/tim-wilkinson.html)Two papers on programmatic assessment by Tim can be found here:Wilkinson TJ, Tweed MJ, Egan TG, Ali AN, McKenzie JM, Moore M, Rudland JR. Joining the dots: conditional pass and programmatic assessment enhances recognition of problems with professionalism and factors hampering student progress. BMC Medical Education. 2011 Dec;11(1):29. https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6920-11-29Wilkinson TJ, Tweed MJ. Deconstructing programmatic assessment. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2018;9:191. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868629/The online clinical supervision course produced by Professor Steve Trumble and the Department of Medical Education can be found here: https://go.unimelb.edu.au/oo96Subscribe now (https://go.unimelb.edu.au/z6xr) to receive new episodes as they are released. Tell us what you think via Twitter (@EXCITE_UOM) or email us and let us know who and what you would like to hear about in future episodes (mededsource-podcast@unimelb.edu.au).We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work, live and learn. We also pay our respects to Elders past, present and emerging.This podcast was presented by Brett Vaughan (@BrettVaughan4), and produced by Brett Vaughan. Med Ed Source is a production of the Department of Medical Education at University of Melbourne, Australia. This episode was recorded on November 12th 2019. For more information, visit https://medicine.unimelb.edu.au/school-structure/medical-education. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. Med Ed Source is licenced under Creative Commons, Copyright 2017, the University of Melbourne.Music: Reach The Top by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com

In this episode, Professor Tim Wilkinson from the Otago Medical School, University of Otago (New Zealand) talks about conditional passes. We talk about constitutes a conditional pass, developing an action plan, what students might think about this process, and how educators play a role in the process.Tim’s biography can be found here (https://www.otago.ac.nz/healthsciences/expertise/Profile/index.html?id=64)The two papers that Tim refers to during this episode are here:Wilkinson, T.J., Tweed, M.J., Egan, T.G. et al., 2011. Joining the dots: Conditional pass and programmatic assessment enhances recognition of problems with professionalism and factors hampering student progress. BMC Med Educ 11, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-29Wilkinson, T.J., Wade, W.B. and Knock, L.D., 2009. A blueprint to assess professionalism: results of a systematic review. Acad Med, 84(5), pp.551-558. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31819fbaa2The online clinical supervision course produced by Professor Steve Trumble and the Department of Medical Education can be found here: https://go.unimelb.edu.au/oo96Subscribe now (go.unimelb.edu.au/z6xr) to receive new episodes as they are released. Tell us what you think via Twitter (@EXCITE_UOM) or email us and let us know who and what you would like to hear about in future episodes (mededsource-podcast@unimelb.edu.au).We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work, live and learn. We also pay our respects to Elders past, present and emerging.This podcast was presented by Brett Vaughan (@BrettVaughan4), and produced by Brett Vaughan and Michelle Curtis. Med Ed Source is a production of the Department of Medical Education at University of Melbourne, Australia. This episode was recorded on October 16th 2019. For more information, visit https://medicine.unimelb.edu.au/school-structure/medical-education. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. Med Ed Source is licenced under Creative Commons, Copyright 2017, the University of Melbourne.Music: Reach The Top by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com

In this episode, Professor Tim Wilkinson from the Otago Medical School, University of Otago (New Zealand) talks about conditional passes. We talk about constitutes a conditional pass, developing an action plan, what students might think about this process, and how educators play a role in the process.Tim’s biography can be found here (https://www.otago.ac.nz/healthsciences/expertise/Profile/index.html?id=64)The two papers that Tim refers to during this episode are here:Wilkinson, T.J., Tweed, M.J., Egan, T.G. et al., 2011. Joining the dots: Conditional pass and programmatic assessment enhances recognition of problems with professionalism and factors hampering student progress. BMC Med Educ 11, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-29Wilkinson, T.J., Wade, W.B. and Knock, L.D., 2009. A blueprint to assess professionalism: results of a systematic review. Acad Med, 84(5), pp.551-558. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31819fbaa2The online clinical supervision course produced by Professor Steve Trumble and the Department of Medical Education can be found here: https://go.unimelb.edu.au/oo96Subscribe now (go.unimelb.edu.au/z6xr) to receive new episodes as they are released. Tell us what you think via Twitter (@EXCITE_UOM) or email us and let us know who and what you would like to hear about in future episodes (mededsource-podcast@unimelb.edu.au).We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work, live and learn. We also pay our respects to Elders past, present and emerging.This podcast was presented by Brett Vaughan (@BrettVaughan4), and produced by Brett Vaughan and Michelle Curtis. Med Ed Source is a production of the Department of Medical Education at University of Melbourne, Australia. This episode was recorded on October 16th 2019. For more information, visit https://medicine.unimelb.edu.au/school-structure/medical-education. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. Med Ed Source is licenced under Creative Commons, Copyright 2017, the University of Melbourne.Music: Reach The Top by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com

India's Prime Minister Modi' & Kashmir - Dr Arshad PhD Politics Graduate University of Otago (New Zealand) . Prof Arshad Ali Assistant Prof. School of Social Sciences and Humanities Department of Political Science and International Relations UMTUniversity of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan . We are discussing Kashmir and India's Prime Minister Modi's B. J. P. Party revoking of Kashmir’s special autonomous status. Broadcast on OAR 105.4FM Dunedin www.oar.org.nz

For more MDedge Podcasts go to mdedge.com/podcasts In part II of this Psychcast Masterclass, Patricia Westmoreland, MD, returns to discuss severe, enduring eating disorders, including management and ethical questions.  In Dr. RK this week, Renee Kohanksi explores the impact of censorship and self-censorship.  Email the show: podcasts@mdedge.com Interact with us on Twitter: @MDedgePsych Show Notes By Jacqueline Posada, MD, 4th-year resident in the department of psychiatry & behavioral sciences at George Washington University, Washington. Guest Patricia Westmoreland, MD, a forensic psychiatrist at the University of Colorado Denver, Aurora; attending psychiatrist for Eating Recovery Center, Denver; adjunct assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Colorado Denver. Dr. Westmoreland spoke at the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists 2019 annual meeting in Chicago, sponsored by Global Academy for Medical Education (GAME). GAME and the MDedge Psychcast are owned by the same company.   Harm reduction, palliative care, and futility Harm reduction model: A focus on returning to reasonable level of functioning without focus on full weight restoration, especially if full weight restoration has not proven sustainable with previous treatment. Harm reduction is managed an as outpatient with regular check-ups. Team collaborates for attainable, mutual treatment goals. Patients are allowed to stay at a lower body mass index (BMI) and are able to partially function and do things they enjoy, such as living with family and working part time. Patients maintain an agreed-upon weight and regularly check labs. Inpatient hospitalization is pursued only to restore weight back to previously agreed-upon goal: BMI is a marker of risk; BMI greater than 15 kg/m2 is lower risk, and BMI less than 13 kg/m2 is higher risk (lower BMI is tied to higher immunocompromised risk, more fractures, and other illnesses, as well as a greater risk of suicide, etc.) Palliative care is offered when patients have failed harm reduction and cannot sustain an acceptable body weight (not weight restored): Palliative care is NOT hospice, and therefore, there are no specific expectations.  Treatment goal is comfort care, i.e., analgesics for fractures and decubitus ulcers, anxiolytics for refractory anxiety.   Ethics and futility: When to say “enough is enough”? In anorexia nervosa (AN), frequently, many treatments have been implemented, and there may be no cure. Some think that anorexia should never be an end-stage diagnosis.   Cynthia Geppert, MD, MPH, a health care ethicist and a professor of psychiatry and internal medicine at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, who wrote in the American Journal of Bioethics: “Futility and chronic anorexia nervosa: A concept whose time has not yet come,” argues against futility: AN does not meet definition of a terminal illness: The patient’s depleted weight renders a patient as having a life-threatening illness. Can a patient be terminal and is care futile if there is hope for long-term recovery? Legally: Cognitive distortions make up the core of AN as an illness. Do patients with AN have the capacity to decide that further treatment is futile? Cognitive impairments often normalize with treatment. Are physicians obligated to treat first in order to restore a patient’s decision-making capacity before allowing them to choose palliative care? People with AN may lack capacity because they cannot appreciate the consequences of their decision, which is one of the four components of capacity.  In support of futility, Cushla McKinney, PhD, of the biochemistry department at University of Otago (New Zealand), argues against the complete rejection of the concept of futility, saying it risks forcing a small and chronic group of patients into an intolerable situation.  Arguments for futility: Not EVERY individual with AN lacks capacity. Some argue for futility, and allowing patients to make choices in line with what they value in life. Prognosis, even with treatment, is poor, especially for older individuals with years of failed treatments and medical comorbidities. Are we doing harm by forcing an invasive treatment that patients don't want – especially after much treatment? Illustrative case of AG, a 29-year-old female with chronic AN, who had a guardian for medical decision making: The guardian had decided in favor of tube feedings many times; AG had suffered complications such as heart failure. AG wanted to enter palliative care, arguing that she did not want to die, but if death were the result of AN, then “so be it.” The judge ruled she could refuse treatment. He did not comment on capacity, but ruled she could make this decision to die on her terms.   Emerging concerns: Is anorexia nervosa an end-stage illness or not? How will physician aid-in-dying overlap with AN? Do eating disorder patients have the capacity to request aid-in-dying, and what is the physician obligation?   References Eddy J. Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. Clin Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;78(2):184-9. Sjostrand M et al. Ethical deliberations about involuntary treatment: Interviews with Swedish psychiatrists. BMC Med Ethics. 2015;16:37. Geppert C. Futility in chronic anorexia nervosa: A concept whose time has not yet come. Am J Bioethics. 2015. 15(17):34-43. Cushla M. Is resistance (n)ever futile? A response to “Futility in chronic anorexia nervosa: A concept whose time has not yet come,” by Cynthia Geppert. Am J Bioethics. 2015 Jul 6. 15(7):53-4.

Eddy Kalisa Nyarwaya: Secretes to Making A Difference: Step Into The World, Ask The Community, Keep Your Dreams. This episode requires your strong will, your strong mind, your strong spirit.  Eddy Nyarwaya shares memories from genocide.He exemplifies how to turn a life in trauma into a life with ideal humanity, idea caliber, ideal spirit. (Interview with Aston Lang) - iTunes(Interview with Aston Lang) - ShoutEngine Eddy Kalisa Nyarwaya is a longstanding peace building activist. 1994 he survived genocide. (Genocide against the Tutsi)Today his work reaches out to communities in Rwanda at Village Impact Projects. This is his history:-] Founded and directs Rwanda Institute for Conflict Transformation and Peace Building-] Received his masters degree in International Relations from Nkumba University, Uganda. -] An independent researcher on National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, Rwanda.  -] Country Director for the International Child Resource Institute in Rwanda      - Helping vulnerable kids in established communities.-] Delivered public lecturers at:      Auckland University     Auckland University of Technology     University of Otago New Zealand     Various universities in Republic of  Ireland-] Supporting women with projects generating thought-income     -Relationships, Reconciliation, Trust among communities  He faces challenges shared amongst many community driven efforts: exposure, resources, engagement. To overcome these challenges he confronts his past to keep alive the memories from survivors. Eddy puts himself into projects that would overwhelm anyone who finds themselves  starting to help their own communities. We learn much about our own potential from watching your interviews, listening to your lectures, reading your articles, and learning more about these projects. His ultimate goal guides you towards impacting your communities spiritually, physically, and economically. This is Eddy Kalisa Nyarwaya’s story.  

#34 Why Women Aren't "Smaller Men" & How Both Maximize Performance with Dr. Stacy SIMS Expert Game Plan Session: Triathlete, Graduate of Stanford School of Medicine; PhD from University of Otago New Zealand; Innovative Exercise Physiologist-Nutrition Scientist of Thermoregulation, Hydration, and Performance Nutrition March 8, 2015 BACKGROUND On today’s podcast you will receive tons of information regarding hydration, thermoregulation, and what it means to hydrate properly for different sexes as it is not the same for both. Dr. Sims has studied all over the globe and has been an athlete in multiple sports. Her knowledge will help your overall health and performance as an athlete. BIO Born, Stacy Teresa Sims on July 24, 1973. Ran track in high school, competed on the crew team for Purdue University; was an ultra runner, triathlete. She retired as a pro elite roadbike racer when she was pregnant with her 2 year old daughter, Jera She graduated from Stanford’s School of Medicine and also received her PhD from the University of Otago in New Zealand She is an Innovative Exercise Physiologist-Nutrition Scientist of Thermoregulation, Hydration, and Performance Nutrition; The key researcher officer and co-founder of Osmo Nutrition, who has products designed to address different needs for both sexes; consults for elite individual athletes; has worked with Lance Armstrong. LEAVE A REVIEW & Subscribe to #BeyondAthletic in iTunes so other can find us too! Share this with one person you think could benefit the most… PERSONAL BELIEF: “Women are not small men.” “taking a broad view of the world and having a lot of tolerance and patience and making myself grow in whatever environment I’m in” Key Discussion Points: How did you get into your field of work/research? What has you most excited these days? Why can’t both sexes hydrate the same way? What hydration sources out there being pushed commercially actually cause dehydration? When are the best times to hydrate? Is there a wrong time? How does dehydration play into injuries? How should athletes hydrate properly while traveling by plane? What eating habits should athletes have on 2-3 hour practice days? Key Lessons: If you start with good habits, you will further your career down the road Most sports drinks are designed to replace carbohydrates first, and then provide some fluid second “A standard sports drink has between 6-8% carbohydrate solution..when you look at that was a chemical..physiological standpoint...that concentration of carbohydrates are too concentrated to flow into the body easily.” SS @ 13:03 You can remove stress by watching what you are eating and drinking Optimal hydration will better your overall performance There is NO pure water in the body; plain water isn’t the main solution for hydration “If you are just drinking plain water, you’re not really maximizing what your body recognizes as the solution..so just a little bit of sodium in plain water..that will allow the body to pull that fluid in.” SS @ 18:28 Hydrate throughout the day with MORE than just water “...its eating watery fruits and veggies, its drinking mineral water that has the sodium in it or its making you own sports drink with 500 ml of water (16oz), dash of salt and a little bit of maple syrup (tsp.)..you’ll get some glucose..sodium, and then you’re going to get your fluid and its going to be absorbed.” SS @ 18:48 When dehydrated, you are prone to tissue tears, cramping, ACL injuries,etc. Compression tights during travel help with getting up and walking around as much as you can to prevent swelling in the ankles Have your products to make your protein drinks WITH you on your flights “12-13 hour flight...having two protein base drinks on the flight...the protein helps with the hydration aspect and the amino acids counteract some of the jet lag.” SS @ 24:37 You want to maximize the food before you have practice “..at least 90 minutes before you start and you can top up with snack..a 150 calorie snack, about 30 minutes before you start training, so you’re going to be well fueled.” SS @ 26:56 Stay hydrated all the way through practice with “functional hydration drinks” (glucose, sodium, potassium) HYDRATE and FUEL for whatever you are doing STACY’S TIP JAR What is your recommended breakfast for an athlete? Having a good balance of carbohydrates and protein -Not eating animal products (vegan): quinoa w/berries, nuts, seeds; sprouted bread w/almond butter -Eats animal products: Oatmeal w/almond milk, yogurt, nuts, berries; egg whites/yolk scrambles and veggies over toast; avocados, smoked fish, omega 3’s, flax seed oil, coconut oil, other nut oils Your travel buddy: Ipod Your recipe for a healthy life: Being Happy Favorite Healthy Habit: Sleep and training; “Without good sleep, you can’t train well.” The first 3 healthy food items that make you smile Coffee, blueberries, and raspberries What is a book that you would give away as a gift? Becoming a Supple Leopard and Ready to Run, both by Kelly Starrett The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho The Importance of Thermoregulation The way your body deals with stress after exercise or extreme conditions is through thermoregulation; through changing constriction of vessels, through sweating, respiration; without thermoregulation there is no human. INFO Business/Work: Osmo Nutrition - Co Founder, Chief Research Officer Recommended Guest: Selene Yeager; Freelance athletic journalist Hannah Grant; professional chef for Tinkoff Saxo professional cycling team/ wellness-foodie consultant to corporations and athletes, cookbook author Recommended Books: Becoming a Supple Leopard by Kelly Starrett Ready to Run by Kelly Starrett The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho Mentioned: Osmo Nutrition thermoregulation Lance Armstrong glucose sodium potassium Stanford’s School of Medicine PhD University of Otago in New Zealand protein amino acids Purdue University Follow Expert on: Facebook | Twitter | Website Definition of Being an Athlete? "A combination of mind, body, and spirit. There is not one without the other. You can’t be a complete athlete if you aren’t mentally strong and also aware of what you’re doing and how your body fits in space and time..physically, you can’t be an athlete without all the training components and nutrition components..and spiritually, without that inner drive and the awareness of how you give and take from others..you can’t really be a complete person or a complete athlete. " -Dr. Stacy Sims LEAVE A 5 STAR REVIEW FOR THIS EPISODE ON: ITUNES -OR- OUR SITE WE WILL GET YOUR REVIEW TO THE ATHLETE! @BEYONDATHLETIC

Greg Hay of Peregrine Wines set up Chard Farm in Central Otago in 1986. We find out how the Otago wine region divides up and how Greg has been played his part in its success.