Podcasts about sciences nas

In this episode, I chatted with Dr. Marcia McNutt. A decorated scientist who was the 15th Director (and 1st woman) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the President and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), a Professor of Marine Geophysics at Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz, and a Professor of Geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was also the science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior, and the former Editor-In-Chief of Science Magazine. She is currently the 22nd President of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

Dr. Michael Nestor, Ph.D., is Board Director, of the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable ( GUIRR - https://www.nationalacademies.org/guirr/about ), within the Policy and Global Affairs Division, at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS). The GUIRR is charged with improving the research enterprise of the United States by successfully resolving the cross-sectoral issues that prevent the U.S. research enterprise from reaching its full potential. This mission is achieved by convening senior-most representatives from government, universities, and industry to frame the critical issues, followed – when appropriate – by the execution of activities designed to address specific cross-sectoral impediments to achieving a healthy, vibrant research enterprise. GUIRR provides a unique forum for dialogue among top government, university and industry leaders of the national science and technology enterprise. Prior to this role at NAS, Dr. Nestor was a Scientific Engagement Lead at Johnson & Johnson Innovation – JLABS in Washington, D.C. where he was responsible for external scientific engagement with regional academic research institutions, start-ups, investment partners, and portfolio management, sourcing and evaluating innovative companies with the aim to foster a productive life science ecosystem and bring value to the pipeline of the Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies. Dr. Nestor received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience from The University of Maryland, School of Medicine, and completed postdoctoral fellowships at the National Institutes of Health and The New York Stem Cell Foundation, where he was also a Staff Scientist. He was also an NIH Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Award (IRACDA) Fellow at Rutgers University, focused on teaching in minority-serving institutions and helping increase the participation of traditionally underrepresented groups in science. Dr. Nestor was also Director of Neural Stem Cell Research at The Hussman Institute for Autism where he led his own lab studying autism by creating brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. His lab developed a multiplexed high-throughput CRISPR and drug-screening platform. Dr. Nestor also served as Co-Chair of the Neural Stem Cell Working Group at the University of Maryland, School of Medicine and as a venture advisor to the UM Momentum Fund and the Abell Foundation. Further, he was an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Science and Technology Policy Fellow in the Office of Science at The Department of Energy (DOE). At the DOE, he was focused on synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and biosecurity initiatives. He also launched his own human stem cell consulting company, Synapstem. Dr. Nestor's book, "Anticipatory Ethics and The Use of CRISPR in Humans" was published in 2022. Support the show

In this week's “22 Lessons on Ethics and Technology" special series, I sit down with Dr. Evelynn Hammonds to talk about how race and gender have shaped the histories of science, medicine, and technological development. We explore the divisions between investigations of gender within scientific and technological inquiry, and race within these same fields. How can an intersectional approach challenge our science and technologies to better serve, and include, a broader diversity of people? How have our concepts of science and technology, and our assumptions about what they can and should do, been shaped by exclusions? How can those trained and working in the Humanities can learn from those trained in and working in the Sciences and Technology fields, and vice-versa? How does an understanding of the history of ideas, and the people and forces that have shaped them, inform our ability to build, innovate, and create work cultures that are more ethical and equitable? Professor Hammonds is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History of Science and Professor of African and African American Studies in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University.  She was the first Senior Vice Provost for Faculty Development and Diversity at Harvard University (2005-2008). From 2008-2013 she served as Dean of Harvard College and Chair of the Department of History of Science (2017-2022). Professor Hammonds' areas of research include the histories of science, medicine and public health in the United States; race, gender and sexuality in science studies; feminist theory and African American history.  She has published articles on the history of disease, race and science, African American feminism, African-American women and the epidemic of HIV/AIDS; analyses of gender and race in science, medicine and public health and the history of health disparities in the U.S.. Professor Hammonds' current work focuses on the history of the intersection of scientific, medical and socio-political concepts of race in the United States.  She is currently director of the Project on Race & Gender in Science & Medicine at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard. Prof. Hammonds holds a B.S. in physics from Spelman College, a B.E.E. in electrical engineering from Ga. Tech and an SM in Physics from MIT.  She earned the PhD in the history of science from Harvard University. She served as a Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer (2003-2005), a visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, a Post-doctoral Fellow in the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and a Visiting Professor at UCLA and at Hampshire College. Professor Hammonds was named a Fellow of the Association of Women in Science (AWIS) in 2008.  She served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman and Bennett Colleges and currently on the Board of the Arcus Foundation, and the Board of Trustees of Bates College. In 2010, she was appointed to President Barack Obama's Board of Advisers on Historically Black Colleges and Universities and in 2014 to the President's Advisory Committee on Excellence in Higher Education for African Americans. She served two terms as a member of the Committee on Equal Opportunity in Science and Engineering (CEOSE), the congressionally mandated oversight committee of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Advisory Committee of the EHR directorate of the NSF, and the Advisory Committee on the Merit Review Process of the NSF. Professor Hammonds is the current vice president/president-elect of the History of Science Society. At Harvard, she served on the President's Initiative on Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery; the Faculty Executive Committee of the Peabody Museum and she chaired the University-wide Steering Committee on Human Remains in the Harvard Museum Collections.  She also works on projects to increase the participation of men and women of color in STEM fields. Prof. Hammonds is the co-author of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently released report (December 9, 2021) Transforming Technologies: Women of Color in Tech. She is a member of the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine (CWSEM) of the NAS and the NAS Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering and Medicine. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She holds honorary degrees from Spelman College and Bates College. For the academic year 2022-2023, Prof. Hammonds is the inaugural Audre Lorde Visiting Professor of Queer Studies at Spelman College.

This week's episode went from collecting a few sound bites about ongoing legislative efforts from our NSPS Lobbyist, JB Byrd, to a full-blown recording! We caught up with him on a late Friday afternoon to provide “Surveyor Says!” The NSPS Podcast and boy, are we glad we did! JB chatted with Executive Director Tim Burch about the ongoing Ligado saga, their presentation to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) panel that will be included in the upcoming published NAS report, and legislative outreach during the mid-term election campaigns. Once again, it was a pleasure to hear JB provide great insight into the sometimes-aggravating world of US politics. Thank you for tuning into this great conversation with JB & Tim on this episode of “Surveyor Says!” The NSPS Podcast.

M. Chris Fabricant, Director of Strategic Litigation for the Innocence Project & expert on forensic science and the US criminal justice system, chats with Trey Elling about JUNK SCIENCE AND THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. Topics include: The birth of junk science as a jury-swaying courtroom tool (2:22) 'Peer reviewed' as a misunderstood term regarding science (10:33) An early 1990s US Supreme Court case favoring Dow Pharmaceuticals helping with the awakening on junk science (19:55) The challenge of swaying those whose careers have been built on a belief in junk science (26:14) The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) uncovering major flaws with the most popular forensic sciences in 2006 (29:38) Debunking the uniqueness and certainty of fingerprints (35:56) How it went when the NAS revealed its findings at the annual American Academy of Forensic Science meeting in 2009 (42:59) Michael West as an especially belligerent example of dental junk science (47:32) Unindicted co-ejaculator theories (52:28) The importance of Steven Mark Chaney's story (55:00)

Genetic Engineering and Society Center GES Colloquium - Tuesdays 12-1PM (via Zoom) NC State University | http://go.ncsu.edu/ges-colloquium GES Mediasite - See videos, full abstracts, speaker bios, and slides https://go.ncsu.edu/ges-mediasite Twitter - https://twitter.com/GESCenterNCSU Ethical Dimensions of CRISPR Applications in Agriculture and the Environment Drs. Jennifer Kuzma and Fred Gould, Professors and Co-Directors of the Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State Website | Twitter A discussion of the key ethical considerations in the governance of CRISPR technologies for agriculture and the environment, including for gene-edited plants and gene drive organisms. Abstract See PowerPoint slides here Related links: Procedurally Robust Risk Assessment Framework for Novel Genetically Engineered Organisms and Gene Drives (PDF) Jennifer Kuzma (2019). Regulation and Governance doi: 10.1111/rego.12245. Engineering the Wild: Gene Drives and Intergenerational Equity (PDF) Kuzma J. and L. Rawls. (2016). Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science and Technology 56 (3): 279-296. Community-led governance for gene-edited crops (PDF) Kuzma, J. and Grieger, K. 2020. Science, Vol. 370, Issue 6519. doi: 10.1126/science.abd1512. Speaker Bios Dr. Jennifer Kuzma is the Goodnight-NCGSK Foundation Distinguished Professor in the Social Sciences and co-founder and co-director of the Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center at NC State University. Kuzma's research interests involve the integration of social, policy, and natural sciences for emerging technologies governance, including biotechnology and nanotechnology. She has published over 150 articles and book chapters, and in 2019 she was elected a lifetime Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for distinguished translational work in advancing anticipatory governance of new technologies and contributions to methods for oversight policy analysis. (See full bio and profile) Dr. Fred Gould is a Distinguished University Professor of Entomology and co-founder and co-director of the GES Center at NC State University. He studies the ecology and genetics of pests to improve food production and human and environmental health. Dr. Gould conducts research on the application of evolutionary biology and population genetics to enable sustainable use of insect resistant crops and genetically engineered agricultural pests. He also does research aimed at development of strategies for using engineered insect vectors of pathogens to decrease human disease. In 2011, he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Dr. Gould has served on several NASEM–National Research Council (NRC) committees studying the environmental and health effects of the commercialization of genetically engineered crops. He chaired the NASEM–NRC committee on “Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects”. He served on the NRC's Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources until 2020. He is a fellow of the Entomological Society of America and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Gould received his BS in biology from Queens College and a PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. (See full bio and profile) GES Center - Integrating scientific knowledge & diverse public values in shaping the futures of biotechnology. Find out more at https://ges-center-lectures-ncsu.pinecast.co

This episode's guest is the American physicist Dr. William Colglazier. With an impressive resume, Colglazier's long career has taken him to the Secretary of State, where he provided scientific and technical expertise and advice in support of the development and implementation of U.S. foreign policy as a Science and Technology Adviser. Today, he is the Editor-in-Chief of Science & Diplomacy and Senior Scholar in the Center for Science Diplomacy at the American Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS).Colglazier got his Ph.D. in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology in 1971. He has since then worked at several prestigious institutes such as the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.  The years before his time at the Secretary of State, he oversaw studies in the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Research Council (NRC) to provide independent, objective scientific advice on domestic and international public policy issues.In this episode, Colglazier talks about his way into science and politics and his work to implement the Sustainable Development Goals through science, technology and innovation. He describes the current setbacks to science in public policies such as the Paris Agreement, Iran Nuclear Deal and the unpreparedness of the US in the recent pandemic.Global Arena Research Institute is an independent, non-partisan research organisation that combines the most advanced methods of AI-driven data, scientific and other artificial reasoning capabilities, elevating data science into completely new levels of opportunity. Our goal is to provide unprecedented insights into the nature, impact, and management of globalization in order to improve institutional and governmental as well as business, energy and other sectors' decision making. Our mission is to make the most of organically connecting AI-level reasoning capacities with the human-level critical reasoning capacities for the sake of a better future.

How do transposable elements contribute to gene and genome evolution, and what are the benefits of a hands-on laboratory education for undergraduates? Dr. Sue Wessler, a Professor of Genetics at the University of California Riverside and Home Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), discusses her career researching fragments of DNA that can insert into new chromosomal locations, how she has helped to make the NAS more inclusive, and the Dynamic Genome course-based undergraduate research experience that she developed and implemented at two universities! Learn more about the Wessler Lab at wesslerlab.ucr.edu. Learn more about the students producing this podcast and their science communication efforts by following us on Twitter @SciCommUCR and visiting our website.

Dr. Cynthia Lum is Professor of Criminology, Law and Society and Director the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy at George Mason University. She researches primarily in the areas of policing, evidence-based crime policy, crime prevention, technology, and translational criminology. Her works in these areas include evaluating the impacts of patrol and detective activities, interventions, and technologies; understanding the translation and receptivity of research in policing; and measuring police proactivity. With Dr. Christopher Koper she has developed the Evidence-Based Policing Matrix (with Cody Telep) and the Matrix Demonstration Projects, translation tools designed to help police practitioners incorporate research into their strategic and tactical portfolios.Professor Lum is an appointed member of the Committee on Law and Justice (CLAJ) for the National Academies of Sciences (NAS), and has also served on the NAS's Committee on Proactive Policing as well as its Standing Committee on Traffic Law Enforcement. She is a member of the National Police Foundation Board of Directors, the Research Advisory Committee of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the Misdemeanor Justice Project at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and an Executive Counselor for the American Society of Criminology. She is the founding editor of Translational Criminology Magazine and the Springer Series on Translational Criminology, and served as the first North American Editor for the Oxford Journal Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. Dr. Lum is a Fulbright Specialist in policing and criminology and is the co-Director of the International Summer School for Policing Scholarship, developed with colleagues at the Scottish Institute for Policing Research and Arizona State University.Her recent book, with Christopher Koper is Evidence-Based Policing: Translating Research Into Practice (2017, Oxford University Press). Professors Lum and Koper are Editors-In-Chief of Criminology and Public Policy, the flagship policy journal of the American Society of Criminology.Links:Reinventing American Policing --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/niroknowledge/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/niroknowledge/support

Ira Pastor, ideaXme exponential health ambassador and founder of Bioquark, interviews Dr. Victor Dzau, President of the United States National Academy of Medicine (NAM)and of the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Ira Pastor Comments: On today's show we are going to continue upon a theme that we started a few weeks ago, and that is in today's (and the near future's) world, we are facing this major demographic shift: by 2050, the estimated population of those 65+ will represent 18% of the global population, with an estimated group of 500 million octogenarians and above. How do we continue to foster innovations to deal with this population aging that is, needless to say, poised to impose a significant strain on economies, health systems, and social structures worldwide? In this world with amazing pockets of wealth, how do we make sure some of it (outside of traditional life science venture capital, PE model) begins to get appropriately channeled to support the next generation of breakthroughs in "healthy longevity," so that all of us can benefit from the tremendous opportunities it has to offer? Dr. Victor Dzau Our guest today is truly a "though leaders thought leader" on the topic and really needs no introduction for those that spend time in the biomedical space. Dr. Victor Dzau is the President of the United States National Academy of Medicine (NAM), of the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS)and most recently, prior to that, previously served as president and CEO of Duke University Medical Center. A leading cardiovascular scholar, Dr. Dzau was the Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and served as Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Harvard Medical School's Brigham and Women's Hospital, as well as Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Stanford University. He was the previous Chairman of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Cardiovascular Disease Advisory Committee, and he served on the Advisory Committee to the Director of NIH. Dr. Dzau has made a significant impact on medicine through seminal research in cardiovascular medicine and genetics, his pioneering work in the discipline of vascular medicine, and his leadership in health care innovation. His seminal research laid the foundation for the development of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are used globally for the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. He pioneered gene therapy for vascular disease, being the first to introduce DNA decoy molecules to block transcriptions as gene therapy in humans. Under his leadership at NAM, Dr. Dzau organized and implemented the Global Roadmap for Healthy Longevity,an international commission that will assess available evidence and recommend strategies for global societies to maintain the health and productivity of aging populations, as well as The Healthy Longevity Global Competition, which is a $30 million program that endeavors to "kick start" innovation to support healthy longevity through a series of monetary awards and prizes. On this show we will hear from Dr. Dzau: About his background, how he developed an interest in medicine, cardiology, and how he has ultimately arrived at the epicentre of the "healthy longevity" space in 2020. In a world where annually a tremendous amount of capital gets poured into bio-medical R&D, why such competition / challenge / prize models in so crucial in "un-met" areas like healthy longevity research. The history of the Healthy Longevity Grant Challenge, the challenges in bringing together such a wide range of stakeholders / investors, and how the process will work. About specific areas of healthy longevity R&D that you he is personally most excited about. His visions for the "internationalisation" of the healthy longevity challenge model and how he see it further spreading around the globe and in size. His role on the International Commission on Clinical Use of Heritable Human Genome Editing. About NAMs Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience. Credits: Ira Pastor interview video, text, and audio. Follow Ira Pastor on Twitter:@IraSamuelPastor If you liked this interview, be sure to check out our interview with Mr. George MacGinnis, Challenge Director of the Healthy Ageing Programme at UK Research and Innovation. Follow ideaXme on Twitter:@ideaxm On Instagram:@ideaxme Find ideaXme across the internet including oniTunes,SoundCloud,Radio Public,TuneIn Radio,I Heart Radio, Google Podcasts, Spotify and more. ideaXme is a global podcast, creator series and mentor programme. Our mission: Move the human story forward!™ ideaXme Ltd.

Live from The HIVE Conference held in Austin, TX in 2018, we’re proud to bring you one of the brightest minds in the discipline of indoor air quality research, Dr. Brett Singer from Lawrence Berkley National Labs. Join Kristof as he discusses a broad array of topics that affect every single person who breathes inside a house (so, ya know, most people). It’s our last episode of 2018 and season 4 so we made sure it’s extra long (almost an hour and a half!). Enjoy it and we’ll see you next year!________________________Dr. Brett C. Singer, PhD, is a Staff Scientist and Principal Investigator (PI) in the Energy Technologies Area of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Dr. Singer is the Leader of the Indoor Environment Group and co-leader of Indoor Air Quality research in the Residential Building Systems Group.Dr. Singer has conceived, conducted and led research projects related to air pollutant emissions, physical-chemical processes, and pollutant exposures in both outdoor and indoor environments. His research aims to understand the real world processes and systems that affect air pollutant exposures. His guiding professional motivation is to provide the scientific basis to inform energy and environmental policy.Dr. Singer leads the Indoor Environmental Quality project within the US-China Clean Energy Research Center Building Energy Efficiency Program.A major focus of Dr. Singer’s work over the past decade has been the study of environmental quality and risk reduction in high performance homes. The goal of this research is to accelerate the adoption of IAQ, comfort, durability and sustainability measures into new homes and retrofits of existing homes. This is achieved through the mechanisms of buildings codes and standards; training of builders and contractors; public education; and technology development – all supported by robust research. The IE and RBS research groups conduct in-home studies, controlled laboratory experiments, simulation-based studies and data analysis to identify the most effective and energy efficient air quality control strategies.Dr. Singer’s early career research examined on-road motor vehicle emissions and the effectiveness of California’s Smog Check program. His first project at LBNL examined the sorption of secondhand smoke compounds, an effect that contaminates materials and leads to extended odors and pollutant exposures. This work helped launch interest in the study of “thirdhand” smoke.Dr. Singer has authored or co-authored over 50 papers in archival, peer-reviewed journals and dozens of technical reports and peer-reviewed conference papers.Education and Honors:2016: Named to the Academy of Fellows of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate.1998: Ph.D. in Civil & Environmental Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.1991: B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Temple University (Summa cum Laude).____________________________Lawrence Berkley National LabsFrom the infinite scale of the universe to the infinitesimal scale of subatomic particles, researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Berkeley Lab – are advancing the scope of human knowledge and seeking science solutions to some of the greatest problems facing humankind. Scientific excellence and an unparalleled record of achievement have been the hallmarks of this Laboratory since it was founded in 1931.Thirteen Nobel Prizes are associated with Berkeley Lab. Eighty Lab scientists are members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), one of the highest honors for a scientist in the United States. Fifteen of our scientists have won the National Medal of Science, our nation’s highest award for lifetime achievement in fields of scientific research, and one (Arthur Rosenfeld) has received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. In addition, Berkeley Lab has trained tens of thousands of university science and engineering students who are advancing technological innovations across the nation and around the world.Located on a 202-acre site in the hills above the UC Berkeley campus with spectacular views of the San Francisco Bay, Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram science lab in the national laboratory system supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through its Office of Science. It is managed by the University of California and is charged with conducting unclassified research across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Technologies developed at Berkeley Lab have generated billions of dollars in revenues and thousands of jobs. Savings as a result of Berkeley Lab developments in energy-efficient technologies – from cool roofs to window coatings to appliances – have also been in the billions of dollars.Berkeley Lab was founded by Ernest Orlando Lawrence, a UC Berkeley physicist who won the 1939 Nobel Prize in physics for his invention of the cyclotron, a circular particle accelerator that opened the door to high-energy physics. It was Lawrence’s belief that scientific research is best done through teams of individuals with different fields of expertise, working together. His teamwork concept is a Berkeley Lab legacy that continues today.________________________The Corsi CodeOriginally from a paper titled, Klepeis et al., J Exp Anal Env Epid 2001, 11, 231 from Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology published in the year 2001, volume 11 about a study called the National Human Activity Pattern Survey funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency.______________________________

Highlights Life inside German Occupied Belgium |@ 03:15 Some memorable stories from the front - Mike Shuster |@ 13:3 0 Preview of Camp Doughboy - Governors Island, NY 9/16-9/17 |@ 19:00 Preview of Pershing Days - Laclede, MO, 9/15-9/17 with Alicyn Ehrich and Denzil Heaney |@ 20:15 $10,000 WWI academic competition |@ 24:55 Speaking WWI - Cooties! Yuk! |@ 26:00 100C/100M with Jim Yocum on Santa Monica CA project |@ 27:15 CBS Radio ConnectingVets.com |@ 33:15 Phil Eaton - Coast Guard Winged Warrior of WW1 |@ 34:40 WWrite Blog on Champagne |@ 35:35 And more...----more---- Opening Welcome to World War 1 centennial News - It’s about WW1 THEN - what was happening 100 years ago  - and it’s about WW1 NOW - news and updates about the centennial and the commemoration. Today is September 6th, 2017 and our guests this week are: Mike Shuster from the great war project blog,    Jim Yocum from the 100 Cities / 100 Memorials project in Santa Monica, California Alicyn Ehrich, Secretary of the Pershing Park Memorial Association, and Denzil Heaney, the administrator of the General Pershing Boyhood Home Site. WW1 Centennial News is brought to you by the U.S. World War I Centennial Commission and the Pritzker Military Museum and Library. I’m Theo Mayer - the Chief Technologist for the Commission and your host. Welcome to the show. Before we get started today, we wanted to let you know that next week and the week following, we will be presenting a WW1 Centennial News 2-part Special -  “In Sacrifice for Liberty and Peace”. Part 1 examines the great debate in America about getting into the war, and Part 2, which will publish the following week is about how events overtook the debate and brought us to a declaration of war. But for today, we are in our regular format and ready to jump into episode #36. World War One THEN 100 Year Ago This Week [MUSIC TRANSITION] We’ve gone back in time 100 years to explore the war that changed the world! It’s the first week of September 1917. On the last day of August  New York Deputy Attorney General Roscoe Conkling certifies that New York City has fulfilled its quota of 38,572 soldiers for the draft. This is notable because the last time there was a draft in New York - for the civil war - it ended in the deadly Draft Riots of 1863.   The 1917 draft, however, goes smoothly - mostly!   Turns out that one of the local boards is selling exemptions- which was permitted in the Civil War draft AND coincidentally  - one the flash points  for Draft Riots. In any case, in 1917 - it is seriously NOT OK. The first draftees are scheduled to leave for training at Camp Upton (now the site of Brookhaven National Laboratory) on September 10th - the camp is so new that the first men to arrive are going to get to help finish building it. The men trained at Camp Upton starting September 1917, will become the 77th Division, which will be the first division of draftees to arrive in France. Link: http://today-in-wwi.tumblr.com/post/164847897103/new-york-city-fulfills-draft-quota [SOUND EFFECT - WHOOSH] Moving to the headlines and stories from the Official Bulletin - America’s War Gazette published daily by the Committee on Public Information, the US government propaganda ministry headed by George Creel - this week we have pulled a variety of stories that mark what was happening this week 100 years ago. [SOUND EFFECT - TRANSITION - ] The Official Bulletin Dateline: September 9th, 1917 Headline: LIFE UNBEARABLE lN BELGIUM, SAYS WORKMAN WHO ESCAPED The following story provides some insight into life inside German occupied Belgium: The story reads: I had to leave the seaside place where I had lived since my childhood, because life became unbearable. It was slavery. “The Germans announced, at the beginning of January last, that every man or woman from 15 to 60 would be compelled to work for them. They did not take everybody at once, but once you had begun to work for them, you were never left free again. In order to avoid people escaping to an other parts of the country, they obliged us all to go to the command center, where our identity cards and passports were confiscated. As you can not walk a mile in the army zone without showing your papers we were practically prisoners. “Every week an officer with two soldiers went from house to house requisitioning more laborers. They had taken 300 already from my village when I left; I have no doubt that the whole village is forced to work by now. The work was done either on the spot, where you had to repair and clean buildings, cut wood, and so on., or along the Dutch frontier, where we had to build trenches and concrete works, or behind the German llnes in the region of Westende, where we were mainly employed in building roads and railway lines. This was by far the worst place since we were frequently exposed to shell fire and to gas attacks. Having no masks we were obliged- to take shelter when a bell rang to warn us. We were paid 1 mark per day, but as the food was very scarce we had practically to spend our wages to appease our hunger, so that, when we came back home for one day every three weeks, we had practically nothing left to bring back to our families. “ It was no use trying to protest. It only meant more trouble and misery, prison and blows. One of my friends who struggled to escape was nearly killed by a bayonet thrust. “Besides, the Germans are only too glad if you resist. They have made a rule to send any man or woman who gets more than three months’ imprisonment back to Germany . And none of those who have been deported have ever come back. Six months ago one of my neighbors, a widow, who had to protect her daughter against a German officer, received four months for having shouted that all Germans were pigs. She was sent to Germany and we have heard since that she is obliged to work in a labor camp and has no hope of returning. This is only one case among hundreds. The German tribunals have provided many Belgian workers for the Fatherland This next story is a lot lighter - and truly a story of the times. With the airplane providing the enemy with a level of unprecedented intel, a new military assignment surfaced as a key man role - that of “magician”  - Sort of…. [SOUND EFFECT] Dateline: Sept 5th 1917 Headline: Ingenious men who can cast magic veil of invisibility over military works wanted for service with army in france The story reads: The first American Camouflage company is now being organized for service. In official English, the camoufleure“ practices the art of military concealment," but a more literal translation of the French music-hall phrase, for that is what it is, proves him to be a “ fakir.” Now this has developed to a point where specialists in all manner of devices for concealing the whereabouts and designs of our troops from the eyes of the enemy are grouped together in military units. Therefore, the Chief of Engineers in the War Department is looking for handy and ingenious men who are ready to fight one minute and practice their trade the next. Wherever a machine is set up, or a trench is taken and reversed, or a battery of artillery goes into action, or a new road is opened. or a new bridge is built, or a sniper climbs an old building, or an officer creeps out into an advanced post to hear and to observe, there...  must go the camouflage man to spread his best imitation of the magic veil of invisibility. There is in store for our camoufleurs, plenty of excitement and no end of opportunity to use their wits. The article goes on to tell about some examples including pappier-Mache steel line counterfeits of dead horses serving as observing posts - or of a river-painted canvas pulled over a bridge by day - and used as a crossing by dead of night. The article closes with: Though this work has long been organized abroad, in this land it is only beginning, so wherever ingenious young men are longing for special entertainment in the way of fooling Germans, they should waste no time in getting in touch with the Chief of Engineers, War Department, Washington, D.C. Our next story will be particularly interesting to our regular listeners - If you heard last week’s episode # 35, we profiled the 100 Cities / 100 Memorials project in Muscle Shoals Alabama, where you heard all about the giant Ammonium Nitrate plants they built there. This week - 100 years ago, there is a story in the Official Bulletin that precedes what you learned last week. [SOUND EFFECT] Dateline: September 6, 1917 Headline: PREPARATIONS FOR PRODUCTION OF NITRATES BY GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCED BY WAR DEPARTMENT; LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED PLANT IS WITHHELD The story goes on to explain how the creation of the plants is a priority project for the government war effort, but the location is still secret. But YOU know where they are going to put it!! You even know about the giant Hydro-electric plant they are going to build as a part of it! Isn’t history fun... [SOUND EFFECT] Dateline: September 8, 1917 Headline: Red Cross to Communicate Messages About Persons in Central Powers’ Territory The Red Cross plays an ever more important and diverse role in the complexity of this global crisis. In this case, it is not nursing the wounded but helping acquaintances, families and loved ones torn apart and separated by the ravages of war. The article goes on to read: Individuals wishing to make inquiries concerning the welfare and whereabouts of friends or relatives in territory ‘belonging to or occupied by the central powers, may communicate with the Bureau of Communication, American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Proper inquiries and messages will be transmitted on a special form to the International Red Cross in Geneva. From Geneva, they will be forwarded to the individuals for whom they are intended. Answers will be returned to the International Red Cross and by them will be sent to Washington. The American Red Cross will then communicate the information received to writers of the original letters. Two 2-cent stamps must be enclosed for postage. A similar method is being devised for the transmission of inquiries from the central powers to America. This will also be handled by the Red Cross. The articles concludes with a number of details and safeguards to assure that the communication network will not be used to send covert messages. And our last story this week from the Official Bulletin harkens back to a story we told you in episode #26 about Chautauqua - The word "chautauqua" is Iroquois and means "two moccasins tied together" - At  the turn of the previous century the term was aptly used to signify a unique American “gathering” that brought entertainment and culture into far flung regional communities of the time, with speakers, teachers, musicians, entertainers, preachers and specialists of the day.   Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was quoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American thing in America." [SOUND EFFECT] Dateline: September 8, 1917 Headline: Chautauqua entertainers to be sent to cantonments TM Voice: The war Department can't complete the theaters they had planned for the tens of thousands of men being sent to the training camps - RIGHT NOW! So instead - they are going to create an entertainment system using the traditional American Chautauqua! The article goes on to explain: Entertainment for the soldiers will Begin September 10. In four days 10 tents, each with a seating capacity of over 3,000, will be moved to cantonments and programs will be given beginning Monday, The week following, the entire 32 cantonments will be equipped with similar tent auditoriums  - in which programs will be given. The new project involves the mobilization of a force of over 2,000 lyceum [LYCEEUM] and chautauqua~entertainers and the creation of tents with an aggregate seating capacity of more than 100,000 people in the short space of less than two weeks. The economics affected by pursuing the chautauqua method of circuiting attractions makes it possible to give the best entertainment to soldier: at motion picture prices. And those are some of the stories we selected from the nearly 100 stories published in this week’s issues of the Official Bulletin. You’ll find the official bulletin on the Commission’s website at ww1cc.org/bulletin where we are re-publishing this amazing resource on the centennial anniversary of each issue’s publication date. So If this podcast just isn’t enough weekly WW1 history for you - dig in daily - Go to our website and read the full daily issues of the Official Bulletin at ww1cc.org/bulletin. I sometimes do… and it makes me feel a whole lot better about the chaos in our modern world by tapping into the even more chaotic world 100 years ago this week! [SOUND EFFECT] Great War Project Next we are joined by Mike shuster, former NPR correspondent and curator for the Great War Project blog. Today Mike’s post highlights the beginning of American actions “over there” with a series of memorable incidents and stories including the sinking of submarine U-88 whose captain sank the Lusitania in 1915. Welcome Mike! [Mike Shuster] Thank you Mike. That was Mike Shuster from the Great War Project blog with an interesting collection of anecdotes from the front 100 years ago this week.. LINK:http://greatwarproject.org/2017/09/03/first-americans-killed-in-france/ The Great War Channel For videos about WW1, visit our friend at the Great War Channel on Youtube - They have well over 400 episodes about WW1 - covering the conflict since 2014 - and from a more European perspective. This week’s new episodes include: The Moscow State Conference Another video is Battlefield 1 Historical Analysis - where Indy Nydel the shows host - takes the new game-additions and puts them into historical context. And finally a new episode on Georges Guynemer (gee-nuh-may), the flying icon of France Follow the link in the podcast notes or search for “the great war” on youtube. Link: https://www.youtube.com/user/TheGreatWar World War One NOW [SOUND EFFECT] We have moved forward in time to the present… Welcome to WW1 Centennial News NOW  - This part of the program is not about history but how the centennial of the War that changed the world is being commemorated today. Activities and Events [Sound Effect] For our Activities and Events Section, we are going profile 2 events -  selected from the U.S. National WW1 Centennial Events Register at WW1CC.org/events where are compiling and recording the WW1 Commemoration events from around the country- not just from major metros but also local events from the heart of the country- showing how the WW1 Centennial Commemoration is playing out everywhere. Camp Doughboy Our Major Metro pick of the week is Camp Doughboy, the Second Annual WWI History Weekend - this is an immersive, weekend-long, Living History experience on Governors Island in New York City happening on September 16th and 17th. According to Kevin Fitzpatrick - Author and citizen historian who helped put the event together - it promises to be the largest WW1 themed event on the East Coast this year. It all starts with a ferry ride to historic Fort Jay at Governors Island National Monument in New York Harbor. Entry to the event is free and open to the public. There will be more than fifty reenactors, vintage WWI-era vehicles, free talks by leading authorities of the Great War and much more. It is a family oriented event that is sure to create a memorable experience all about  the war that changed the world — and gave birth to modern America. A link to register to participate is included in the podcast notes along with all the information you need to have a great time at Camp Doughboy. link:http://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/communicate/press-media/wwi-centennial-news/3005-governors-island-to-host-camp-doughboy-wwi-weekend-sept-16-17.html https://www.facebook.com/events/102616516879089/ http://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/commemorate/event-map-system/eventdetail/47016/camp-doughboy-world-war-one-history-weekend.html https://www.eventbrite.com/e/wwi-history-weekend-tickets-35527041337 http://ww1cc.org/events [SOUND EFFECT] Pershing Days Interview with Alicyn and Denzil Pershing Days and Black Jack Our Second event pick of the week is from Laclede Missouri. We have with us today two guests to tell us about an upcoming annual event celebrating the life and service of General Pershing.   Alicyn Ehrich secretary of the Pershing Park Memorial Association, and Denzil Heaney, the administrator of the Gen. Pershing Boyhood Home site - which is part of the missouri state parks system. They are here to tell us more about Pershing Days, an annual event in Laclede, Missouri, hometown of the General of the Armies, John J. Pershing. The event will be celebrated this year on Sept. 13th, the weekend closest to the general’s birthday. Additionally, this year, a new documentary, Black Jack, will be making its debut on Sunday, Sept. 17th following activities on the 15th & 16th. Welcome, Alicyn, Denzil! [exchange greetings] [Alicyn, can you give our listeners an overview of what happens during Pershing Days? And how long has it been an annual tradition?] [Denzil, can you tell us a bit about the film Black Jack? A lot of it was filmed in Laclede, right?] Thank you Alicyn, Denzil! That was Alicyn Ehrich and Denzil Heaney talking about Pershing Days in Laclede Missouri and the new Pershing Documentary - Black Jack.  Learn more by following the links in the podcast notes. link:https://www.facebook.com/events/1028019170662151 https://theprgroup.org/events/event-calendar/#!event/2017/9/15/pershing-days-2017 https://vimeo.com/213096489 https://www.facebook.com/pages/Gen-John-J-Pershing-Boyhood-Home-State-Historic-Site/112342615444100 https://mostateparks.com/park/gen-john-j-pershing-boyhood-home-state-historic-site https://www.facebook.com/ThePershingProject/ Education $10,000 Research Grant on WWI science and technology [SOUND EFFECT] This week in our Education section we’ve got something very special for the budding researchers in our audience - a shot at $10,000. There is a new academic competition that was announced for scholars under the age of 30. In this competition you can apply to research and write a paper on a major aspect of how scientists and engineers in the United States were engaged in the World War I effort. You know, this was one of the most vervent times for technology, science, engineering and medicine - ever! And so the Richard Lounsbery Foundation has funded this academic competition. Five scholars will be chosen and awarded $5,000 each to conduct their research. Additionally, the winner of the competition will be awarded a $10,000.00 prize. Proposals are due by November 30th, so spread the word! And check out the link in the podcast notes for how to participate in this program run by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Research Council. link:https://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/ww1/index.htm Speaking WW1 And now for our feature --- “Speaking World War 1 --- Where we  explore today’s words & phrases that are rooted in the war  --- This week the word is “Cooties” You might remember the taunting chants of your classmates as a child, accusing you of having cooties. Or maybe cooties were the reason you gave for why you didn’t like girls - or boys - or whatever. Personally, as a kid my english was pretty bad and had no idea why everyone laughed at me when I asked for chocolate chip cooties. Just kidding. The term cooties goes back to World War 1, when soldiers lived in horrific conditions that included being covered with lice. Indeed, using a lighter to burn lice and their eggs out of the seams of clothing was a daily pastime for many. As a nickname for body lice, cooties first appeared in trench slang in 1915. It’s apparently derived from the coot, a species of waterfowl known for being infested with lice and other parasites. I bet you did NOT know that! Cooties-- you don’t want em… and this week’s word for Speaking WW1! See the podcast notes if you really need to know more than that! link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooties http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2015/11/06/where_did_the_word_cooties_come_from.html 100 Cities/100 Memorials [SOUND EFFECT] Jim Yocum - Santa Monica High School Auditorium Next, we are going to profile another 100 Cities / 100 Memorials project. That is our $200,000 matching grant giveaway to rescue ailing WW1 memorials. Last week we profiled a project from Muscle Shoals, Alabama. This week, we head to Santa Monica, California. Joining us is Jim Yocum, Past Commander of Squadron 283 of the Sons of the American Legion Welcome, Jim! [exchange greetings] [Jim - a lot of our listeners know about the American Legion - but may not know about the Sons of the American Legion - would you please give us a quick heads up on that…] [OK on to your project - you’re team is refurbishing a memorial plaque in Santa Monica, CA - tell us about the project?] Thank you for the great work you and your Squadron are doing Jim! [responds] That was Jim Yocum, Past Commander of Squadron 283 of the Sons of the American Legion. We will continue to profile the submitting teams and their unique and amazing projects on the show over the coming months. Learn more about the 100 Cities / 100 Memorials program at ww1cc.org/100memorials or follow the link in the podcast notes. Link: www.ww1cc.org/100memorials Spotlight in the Media Radio Interview This week for our Spotlight in the Media section, we’d like to direct you to CBS Radio's ConnectingVets.com On their September 5th “The Morning Briefing” they featured a segment on the WW1 Centennial Chris Isleib, the Commission’s Director of Public Affairs, and I joined host Eric Dehm for a great conversation about the WW1 Centennial, including upcoming events and this very podcast. Take a listen with the link in the podcast notes. link:http://www1.play.it/audio/connecting-vets/ [SOUND EFFECT] Articles and Posts For our Articles and Posts segment - where we explore the World War One Centennial Commission’s rapidly growing website at ww1cc.org - now over 3,000 pages of articles, information and stories - our first highlight is a new article about an often overlooked part of our military-- the coast guard. Phil Eaton - US Coast Guard The Coast Guard and its aviators played a vital role in World War I. In 1916, Congress authorized the Coast Guard to develop an aviation branch, including aircraft, air stations and pilots. Historically, the Coast guard was originally with the Treasury Department - you know - to catch pirates and smugglers - For WW1, they get put under the U.S. Navy and today after 9/11 - they are part of Homeland security. We invite you to read the story about a Commanding Officer of a Coast Guard Naval Air Station, Phil Eaton --- who led the first fight between the U.S. coast guard naval aviation and a German U-Boat menace in U.S. waters. Learn more about Phil and his other contributions as one of the Coast Guard first aviators --- by following the link in the podcast notes. link:http://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/communicate/press-media/wwi-centennial-news/3068-phil-eaton-the-coast-guard-s-winged-warrior-of-wwi.html www.ww1cc.org/news WWrite Blog OK it’s time for an update for our WWRITE blog, which explores WWI’s Influence on contemporary writing and scholarship, this week's post is: “Champagne, "champagne," and World War I” This article is for literature, history, and, yes, champagne lovers. Motivation for weary WWI soldiers? Champagne. In 1915, the French government voted to send "champagne," the bubbly, celebratory drink, as a morale booster to the troops. Meanwhile, Champagne, the French region and source of the world's most elegant wine symbolizing celebration and peace, amassed severe wounds as a strategic point on Western Front. Don't miss this well-researched, insightful post written by journalist, Marsha Dubrow --- about the region, its signature drink --- and what happened to it during WWI . À votre santé! Link: www.ww1cc.org.wwrite http://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/articles-posts/3069-champagne-champagne-and-world-war-i.html The Buzz - WW1 in Social Media Posts That brings us to the buzz - the centennial of WW1 this week in social media with Katherine Akey - Katherine - You have two articles to tell us about today - Take it away! Camo Man A great example of camouflage from The Great War Channel link:https://www.facebook.com/TheGreatWarYT/photos/a.653030651457682.1073741828.636345056459575/1430994273661312/?type=3&theater The Lost Sketchbook A new book about a young artist who served during WW1 Link:http://www.thelostsketchbooks.com/ Thank you Katherine. Closing And that is WW1 Centennial News for this week. We want to thank our guests: Mike Shuster from the great war project blog with an interesting series of anecdotes from 100 years ago this week. Jim Yocum from the 100 Cities / 100 Memorials project in Santa Monica, California Alicyn Ehrich, and Denzil Heaney, giving us a taste of the annual Pershing Days and the upcoming Black Jack documentary Katherine Akey the Commission’s social media director and also the line producer for the show. And I am Theo Mayer - your host. The US World War One Centennial Commission was created by Congress to honor, commemorate and educate about WW1. Our programs are to-- inspire a national conversation and awareness about WW1; This program is a part of that…. We are bringing the lessons of the 100 years ago into today's classrooms; We are helping to restore WW1 memorials in communities of all sizes across our country; and of course we are building America’s National WW1 Memorial in Washington DC. If you like the work we are doing, please support it with a tax deductible donation at ww1cc.org/donate - all lower case Or if you are on your smart phone text  the word: WW1 to 41444. that's the letters ww the number 1 texted to 41444. Any amount is appreciated. We want to thank commission’s founding sponsor the Pritzker Military Museum and Library for their support. The podcast can be found on our website at ww1cc.org/cn   on  iTunes and google play ww1 Centennial News. Our twitter and instagram handles are both @ww1cc and we are on facebook @ww1centennial. Thanks for joining us. And don’t forget to share the stories you are hearing here with someone about the war that changed the world!   [music]   Did you know that Cooties were also known as "arithmetic bugs" It true - because "they added to your troubles, subtracted from your pleasures, divided your attention, and multiplied like hell."   So long!

Listen NowThis past November, voters in seven states legalized marijuana either for medical or for recreational use.  Twenty-nine states have now legalized cannabis for medicinal use (and of these eight, along with the District of Columbia, for recreational use).   Despite growing state legalization, the debate concerning marijuana's health effects continues.  Recently, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published an extensive scientific review of research literature published since 1999 to reach nearly 100 conclusions about its therapeutic benefits including in the treatment for chronic pain in adults, chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting and Multiple Sclerosis-related spasticity.  Despite state approval and demonstrated health benefits, at the federal level, marijuana is still classified as a Schedule I controlled substance (along with, e.g., heroin), and its use illegal.  Mr. Paul Armentano is the Deputy Director of NORML, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.  He is also a faculty member at Oaksterdam University in Oakland, California.  His is the author of over 200 publications including more than a dozen contributions to textbooks and anthologies.  His most recent book-length work is, The Citizen's Guide to State-by-State Marijuana Laws (2015) and he is co-author of the 2013 volume, Marijuana is Safer: Why Are We Driving People to Drink?  Mr. Armentano was the principle investigator for the defense counsel in US v Schweder, the first federal evidentiary hearing since 1973 to challenge the constitutionality of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance.  He also served as an expert in a successful Canadian constitutional challenge, Crown v. Allard, preserving qualified patients right to grow cannabis at home.   Among other awards Mr. Armentano was the 2013 Freedom Law School Health Freedom Champion of the Year.  The National Academy of Sciences' report, The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research is at: http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2017/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx.For more information regarding NORML go to: http://norml.org/. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thehealthcarepolicypodcast.com

Our Guest today is what I call the man who knew the secrets to the universe -Francisco J. Ayala. He has had an incredible career in Biology publishing over 1,000 research papers and scientific books. That alone is a super human feet of Olympic proportions. BUT in addition he also learned the fine art of wine making when he bought a little home with a vineyard in Northern California and he self taught himself everything there is to know about wine making and is currently one of the largest producers of wine, producing over 19 million bottles a year!  When you hear his story, you won't believe your ears. He's living proof to Dream BIG! University Professor and Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences and Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine. Dr. Ayala is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), a recipient of the 2001 National Medal of Science, and served as Chair of the Authoring Committee of Science, Evolution, and Creationism, jointly published in 2008 by the NAS and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ayala has received numerous awards, including the 2010 Templeton Prize for “exceptional contribution to affirming life’s spiritual dimension,” and 23 honorary degrees from universities in ten countries. He has been President and Chairman of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and President of Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society of the United States. Dr. Ayala has written numerous books and articles about the intersection of science and religion, including Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion (Joseph Henry Press, 2007), Am I a Monkey? (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), and The Big Questions. Evolution (Quercus, 2012). He teaches classes in evolution, genetics, and the philosophy of biology, which are also the subjects of his research.

In this episode of Digital Detectives, Sharon Nelson and John Simek interview Judge David Waxse about the 2009 report by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the relationship between bad science and wrongful convictions, and how to improve the use of forensic science in the criminal justice system. The NAS report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward, found that with the exception of DNA, no forms of forensic science comply with scientific methodology. Waxse discusses the jury’s confidence in unproven science experts and witness testimony and the resulting wrongful convictions. He explains why people are just now becoming concerned with the 2009 report and discusses why The Willingham Case is relevant. Waxse plans to hold a symposium in April 2015 at Northwestern Law School in Chicago to consider with experts how to educate judges and lawyers in the criminal justice system about this issue.