Podcasts about archeological

Human beings have always loved to gamble. Archeological records suggest we've been doing it for the last 12,000 years, since the end of the last Ice Age. But for as long as we've been playing games of chance, we've worried about what they might be doing to us. For thousands of years, everyone from Aristotle to George Washington condemned gambling, an ancient anxiety that ran so deep it became something like a moral consensus. And then that consensus evaporated. In the span of a decade, both Canada and the US legalized sports betting. Now anyone with a smartphone and a credit card can wager on basketball, hockey, or American cornhole. But it turned out that was just the beginning. A few years later came “prediction markets” like Kalshi and Polymarket that let you bet on, well, just about anything: whether the US will invade Cuba, the odds of James Comey being sent to prison, and whether Jesus Christ will return before 2027. That last one, by the way, is currently sitting at 3 per cent on Polymarket. If betting on missile strikes, military coups, and political prosecutions feels kind of gross, I'm with you. But James Surowiecki thinks we should give prediction markets a chance. Surowiecki is the author of The Wisdom of Crowds, a book he wrote more than 20 years ago, where he argued that large groups of ordinary people are actually better than experts at making predictions. It's become something of a foundational text for these markets: the idea that they can crowdsource knowledge, aggregate what millions of people believe about the future, and use that signal to make better decisions. So I wanted to have James on to make the case for prediction markets, and to see if he could make me feel just a little less squeamish about a world where you can gamble on everything. Mentioned The Wisdom of Crowds, by James Surowiecki (Doubleday, 2004).  Francis Galton, “Vox Populi,” Nature 75 (1907): 450–451 — the–ox-weighing experiment. The 1986 Challenger disaster and Morton Thiokol's stock: Maloney & Mulherin, “The complexity of price discovery in an efficient market,” Journal of Financial Economics (2003).  Kalshi (prediction market platform). Polymarket (prediction market platform). The 2024 “French whale” (Théo), who used neighbour polls to bet roughly $85M on a Trump win — CBS–News / 60 Minutes. The Polymarket trader's well-timed bets on the June 2025 US strikes on Iran — CNN– The market on the length of a Karoline Leavitt White House briefing Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong and the earnings-call “mention markets” — Tec–Crunch. The market on Maduro's removal and the ~$400K Venezuela payout — PBS–NewsHour. The Zohran Mamdani NYC mayoral market — DL –ews. The market on Bad Bunny's first Super Bowl LX song — Pol–market. DARPA's Policy Analysis Market (the “terrorism futures” proposal, cancelled after backlash in 2003) — CNN–(2003). The 1979 Iranian Revolution as a US intelligence failure — Nat–onal Security Archive, George Washington University. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On today's Bible Answer Man broadcast (06/19/26), Hank answers a question he received on Facebook, from someone asking: “What archaeological evidence supports the Gospel?” To answer, Hank goes through his SPADE acronym, which he lays out in his book, Has God Spoken? Proof of the Bible's Divine Inspiration.Hank also answers the following questions:Can you address the teachings of Joyce Meyer, specifically what she says about having faith? Derek - Indianapolis, IN (7:31)Does the seventh day in the Book of Genesis ever end? Stephen - OK (9:41)What was the source of light on Day 1? Barry - St. Louis, MO (15:11)What is with the different names in the genealogies of Matthew and Luke? Margie - NJ (21:03)

When science appears to contradict the faith, the Quietism heresy, the abduction phenomena and more on Called to Communion with Dr. David Anders.

The Israeli Knesset is currently advancing a bill that looks to the world a lot like annexation of the West Bank, but what in reality, is simply a desperate attempt to save thousands of historical and archaeological heritage sites in Judea and Samaria, or what could also be known as - the Bible Belt of the Middle East.  For years, the Palestinian Authority has been covertly working to destroy heritage sites in this region, and since the world's attention has been centered around the implementation of the two-state solution, and Israel has been largely occupied with defending themselves and stopping terrorism, these all too important sites have been largely overlooked and forgotten.  As an American Christian Zionist living in the heart of Judea and Samaria, I have not only had an up close view of this secret war, but our team has even been involved in helping to preserve some of these locations. We even went so far as to fly our drone to one of the most significant sites in Samaria every single day, just to make sure it was not being bulldozed by the Palestinian Authority. More on that later on. Luke Hilton breaks it down for you.  Sign up for The Israel Guys Show Notes: https://theisraelguys.com/subscribe/ Follow The Israel Guys on X: https://x.com/theisraelguys Join our Telegram channel: https://t.me/theisraelguys Source Links: https://www.jpost.com/magazine/knowing-your-abc-448963 https://www.gov.il/en/departments/units/archeology_unit https://israel365news.com/418395/annexation-or-salvation-the-bill-that-would-put-israel-in-charge-of-its-own-biblical-heritage/ https://davidmweinberg.com/2024/07/12/protecting-the-eternal/ #Israelnews #JudeaandSamaria #Westbank #Trump  #archeology #Annexation  

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Love it when archeological digs support Bible stories!

For the 4.5 billion years our planet has existed, we humans have only been around for between 2-300,000 of them. But in that time, we've left our mark all over the world – often in the most perplexing and mysterious of ways. From inexplicable architecture to unfathomable attire, you'd better grab your fedora and whip as we dig up some of the most confusing archaeological finds that shouldn't exist!Our Sponsors:* Check out BetterHelp: https://www.betterhelp.comAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

The Archeological Museum in Naples, Italy, contains one of the world's most important collections of ancient Greco-Roman art and artifacts. The collection includes the "Farnese Bull" - the largest ancient sculpture ever recovered, the "Farnese Hercules," the "Farnese Atlas," and the spectacular "Alexander Mosaic" from Pompeii which depicts an episode of the legendary Battle of Issus between Alexander the Great and Daris III. The museum is also home to an extraordinary collection of ancient engraved gems, jewels, and cameos. 

Picture this: a group of locals stumble upon massive, intricately carved stones peeking out of the ground in southeastern Turkey. Not architects or historians, just ordinary folks going about their day. Turns out, it's the world-famous Göbekli Tepe, an ancient archaeological marvel dating back over 11,000 years. News spread like wildfire, and archaeologists were soon on the scene, unraveling the secrets of this prehistoric site. The accidental discovery rewrote the history books, challenging our understanding of early human civilization and leaving everyone in awe of the ancient builders who left their mark so long ago. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Efforts continue to repatriate hundreds of Czech tourists stranded in the Middle East, Stone found in a South Moravian backyard identified as Bronze Age spearhead mould, Prague-based chocolate company Steiner & Kovarik     

Archeological studies for public works projects and more...

"Professional treasure hunter EDEN BLACK is no stranger to action. After all, the artifacts she spends her life returning to their rightful owners aren't always easy to access." Suit Up! With Luke Richardson, he joins the Podcast to talk about his Eden Black series, traveling for research (and pleasure), choosing artifacts, the tide of adventure fiction, and much more! Check out The Ark Files - https://a.co/d/0clM9Hw9 Order my crime adventure, Diamonds in Denver https://a.co/d/aHi7p9z Order my 1920's Aviator novella, Unwanted Passenger https://a.co/d/5FVQJWU Order my pulp treasure hunt novel, One Man's Treasure https://a.co/d/i19YMn7 Follow Luke https://www.facebook.com/lukerichardsonauthor/ https://www.instagram.com/lukerichaa https://www.tiktok.com/@lukerichardsonauthor https://www.youtube.com/@RichaBooks Follow The Show! https://terrancelayhew.com/suitup/ https://www.instagram.com/suitup.author https://www.facebook.com/tlayhew https://suitupwith.substack.com/      

Czech-Polish presidential meeting overshadowed by security concerns. Rare gold-decorated shoe among artefacts from 12th-century Třebíč excavation. Czech psycholinguist Nikola Paillereau on how bilingual babies learn languages.

Fluent Fiction - Hebrew: Mysteries of the Amazon: Ariel's Archeological Adventure Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/he/episode/2025-11-10-23-34-02-he Story Transcript:He: היער האמזונס מלא במסתורין.En: The Ya'ar Ha'Amazonas is full of mystery.He: אור השמש חודר דרך העלים הירוקים כמו טובעני זהב וירוק.En: Sunlight filters through the green leaves like pools of gold and green.He: הצלילים הם של זמזומי חרקים ושל קריאות בעלי חיים רחוקים.En: The sounds are of insects buzzing and the calls of distant animals.He: בעומק היער, בין עצים גבוהים בשמים, אריאל הצעיר עומד מגולף בעולם קדמוני של הרפתקה וגילויים.En: Deep in the forest, among trees that reach the sky, young Ariel stands sculpted in a primordial world of adventure and discoveries.He: אריאל הוא ארכיאולוג הרפתקן.En: Ariel is an adventurous archaeologist.He: הוא אוהב לגלות את סודות העולם העתיק.En: He loves to uncover the secrets of the ancient world.He: פעם, בעודו מטייל ביערות האמזונס, נתקל במאיה, מדריכה מקומית עם ידע רב על היער וסודותיו.En: Once, while wandering in the y'arot ha'Amazonas, he encountered Maya, a local guide with extensive knowledge of the forest and its secrets.He: מאיה הייתה לו לעזרה רבה.En: Maya was of great assistance to him.He: היא ידעה את כל הפינות הנסתרות ואת סכנות היער.En: She knew all the hidden corners and the dangers of the forest.He: באותו יום אביב, כשהאדמה לחה מתחת לנעליהם, אריאל מצא חפץ מוזר.En: On that spring day, with the ground damp beneath their shoes, Ariel found a strange object.He: זה היה פסל קטן עם חריטות עתיקות.En: It was a small statue with ancient carvings.He: בפנים הפסל, לתדהמתו של אריאל, היה מפתח סודי.En: Inside the statue, to Ariel's astonishment, was a secret key.He: מפה עתיקה לסביבה של ציוויליזציה אבודה.En: An ancient map depicting the surroundings of a lost civilization.He: "עלינו לעקוב אחרי המפה!En: "We must follow the map!"He: " אמר אריאל בהתרגשות.En: Ariel said excitedly.He: "זה רעיון מסוכן," ענה נועם, קולגה סקפטי.En: "That's a dangerous idea," replied Noam, a skeptical colleague.He: "היער הזה לא סלחן.En: "This forest is unforgiving.He: מזג האוויר והצמחייה הצפופה הם אתגרים רציניים.En: The weather and dense vegetation are serious challenges."He: "אריאל חשב לרגע.En: Ariel thought for a moment.He: הוא ידע שהמסע מסוכן, אבל התשוקה לגלות האמת בערה בו.En: He knew the journey was dangerous, but the passion to discover the truth burned within him.He: לבסוף, עם מבט נחוש הוא אמר, "אני מאמין במפה.En: Finally, with a determined look, he said, "I believe in the map.He: אני מאמין שעלינו לתת לסודות העבר סיכוי להתגלות.En: I believe we must give the secrets of the past a chance to be revealed."He: "מאיה הבחינה במבטו ובשקט הצטרפה אליו.En: Maya noticed his gaze and quietly joined him.He: לנועם לא הייתה ברירה אלא לבוא בעקבותיהם.En: Noam had no choice but to follow them.He: בחלקים העמוקים של היער עברו עליהם ימים קשים.En: In the deep parts of the forest, they endured tough days.He: גשם שוטף ירד, האוויר היה לח ודחוס, והדרכים כמעט בלתי עבירות.En: Torrential rain fell, the air was humid and dense, and the paths were almost impassable.He: אריאל ומאיה, עם כל צעד, הרגישו את הסכנה וההרפתקה כאחד.En: Ariel and Maya, with each step, felt both danger and adventure.He: לאחר שעות קשות של מסע, הם הגיעו לאזור מלא בפסלים ושרידים עתיקים.En: After difficult hours of travel, they reached an area filled with statues and ancient relics.He: אריאל קבע, "מצאנו את סימני הציוויליזציה האבודה.En: Ariel declared, "We have found the signs of the lost civilization."He: " השמחה הייתה קרובה אליו, אך הוא ידע שחייבים לחזור לפני שיהיה מאוחר מדי.En: Joy was close to him, but he knew they must return before it was too late.He: בדרך חזרה, תחת הפסקת הגשם והתבהרות השמיים, אריאל למד משהו חשוב.En: On the way back, under a break in the rain and clearing skies, Ariel learned something important.He: הוא הבין את ערכו של הידע המקומי של מאיה ואת חשיבות העבודה הצוותית.En: He understood the value of Maya's local knowledge and the importance of teamwork.He: המסע עצמו, ההרפתקה והאנשים, היו חשובים כמעט ככל התגלית עצמה.En: The journey itself, the adventure, and the people were almost as important as the discovery itself.He: הם שבו בבטחה לביתם, אריאל עם הגילוי החדש בלב ועם הערכה מחודשת לכל המסורת והידע שחלפו להם על הידיים בתהליך.En: They returned safely home, Ariel with the new discovery in his heart and a renewed appreciation for all the tradition and knowledge that passed through their hands in the process.He: המסע היה ארוך ומלא אתגרים, אבל התובנות והרגעים שתפסו היו פרס שאין שני לו.En: The journey was long and full of challenges, but the insights and captured moments were a reward like no other. Vocabulary Words:primordial: קדמוניarchaeologist: ארכיאולוגuncovers: לגלותencountered: נתקלextensive: רבastonishment: תדהמהdepicting: מתארתsceptical: סקפטיunforgiving: לא סלחןdense: צפוףgaze: מבטtorrential: שוטףhumid: לחimpassable: בלתי עבירותrelics: שרידיםappreciation: הערכהtradition: מסורתcaptured: תפסוadventure: הרפתקהmystery: מסתוריןfilters: חודרdistant: רחוקיםdetermined: נחושendured: עברוrevealed: להתגלותcivilization: ציוויליזציהnoticed: הבחינהpools: טובעניdiscovery: גילויskeptical: סקפטיBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/fluent-fiction-hebrew--5818690/support.

Archeological discoveries from Bible times can help us as we study God's Word. But always remember that God's Word stands as the authority over anything else.

Hour 3 for 9/18/25 Guest-host Ed Morrissey covered the Biblical archeological evidence with Dr. John Bergsma (2:59), skepticism (13:22), and the heat event & Sodom and Gomorrah (16:20). Then, National Review's Andy McCarthy covered Jimmy Kimmel's ousting at ABC (28:05) and the weaponization on the left (40:58). Link: https://www.johnbergsma.com/ https://www.amazon.com/Jesus-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Christianity/dp/1984823124 https://www.nationalreview.com/2025/09/so-now-the-left-is-against-government-extortion-to-suppress-speech/

Ōama, aka Temmu Tennō, ascended the throne in the Kiyomihara Palace--a rennovated version of his mother's Later Okamoto Palace.  Here he ruled with a tremendous amount of authority, continuing the leverage the Ritsuryo system to centralize power in the throne.  We'll look at the layout of the palace, and also talk a little bit about what life was like for the members of the court who were serving Oama, and the state at large. For photos, diagrams, and more, see our blog at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/episode-134 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 134: An Image of the Court at Kiyomihara Maro sat under the eaves of the hall to which he was assigned.  The journey from Mino hadn't been so hard, but he was still far from his family, back home.  He knew as much as they did that serving at the court of the Great Lord was a tremendous opportunity.  He would be at the heart of the court, in the presence of those running the country, and he could learn a lot from them.  After passing his internship, he would have a chance to prove himself.  If he worked hard, he could look forward to continued promotion, with the greater stipend and influence that came with it. Maro had no illusions that he would someday be at the top of the court hierarchy, but perhaps he could make some modest improvements in his station.  His elder brother was expected to inherit their father's position back in Mino, but the court provided a different opportunity.  Maro had always been a quick learner, and had learned to read and write at an early age, devouring whatever knowledge he could get his hands on – and that had helped make him that much more desirable to the court.  Now he was learning the ins and outs of how it worked, mostly by doing odd jobs while observing the various interactions, the politics, and the rhythm of it all.  Life at the Court really was something.  And yet he still felt homesick.  And so here Maro sat, looking out at the full moon in the sky, its light so bright that he barely needed any other illumination.  Maro wondered at the idea that his family might be looking up at the same moon at the very same time.  As that image took hold, he could feel in the experience a poetic verse.  He took out one of the wooden slips used for labels and notes, scraped off the previous writing, and began jotting down his composition. He only got through a couple of lines before he heard his name being called, and since he was on night duty he put down the brush and the wooden slip.  Poetry would have to wait.  With everything put back away, he rushed off to find out what new task awaited him. So here we are, the year is 673 and we are at the start of a new era.  Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou, had defeated his enemies and was now in the process of taking the reins of power and officially ascending the throne.  In so doing he was moving the capital from Ohotsu, on the shores of Lake Biwa, back to Asuka.  Arriving back, he took up residence in what is called the Shima palace for a few days, presumably as they prepared the Okamoto Palace for him.  At the same time, we are told that a “palace” was erected for Ohoama south of the Okamoto Palace, and this was called the Kiyomihara Palace. I'd like to spend this episode talking about this Kiyomihara Palace, and what life was like there, not just for Ohoama but for his new court.  While we talked about some of the other palaces, this is perhaps one of the better known from the archaeological record, and it is the backdrop for so much that happens.  Ohoama is even known as the Sovereign from Kiyomihara.  So let's talk about what the palace consisted of, and what it was, and a little bit about what life was like there.  In addition to that, we've discussed in previous episodes how Ohoama's ascension to the throne kicked off a whole new era in the evolution of the Yamato state, with numerous innovations and new paradigms in the idea of the ruler and the court and their relationship – so it's worth taking a closer look at the setting where all of that was happening, so we can try and put ourselves in the shoes of those doing the work, and understand their daily grind, as it were. There is unfortunately plenty about the Kiyomihara Palace that we don't know - it isn't like there is a detailed account of the palace in the records - but its ruins are probably the most complete of all those found in Asuka.  This makes sense, given that it would have been built over the earlier palace sites.  In fact, for the most part, the Kiyomihara Palace is just the Later Okamoto Palace, in other words where Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, ruled, but updated and expanded to fit Ohoama's and his court's needs.  Archeological work in Asuka has done some tremendous work to help us understand the Asuka Palace Site.  By studying the various post holes, ditches, and other evidence, along with occasionally discarded items, we have a general idea of the palace's shape, and when we combine this with what we know from other sites—the Naniwa Palace ruins in Ohosaka, the Fujiwara palace ruins in Kashihara, and the Heijo-kyo ruins in Nara, among others—along with an understanding of how palaces were being built on the continent, we are able to piece together what we think was going on.  Of course these interpretations aren't unanimous, and there are parts that scholars will no doubt quibble over—such as the use of the Ebinoko compound, which I'll talk about in a bit—but in general we have a picture of what things probably looked like, at least from a layout perspective, and how the site may have been used. To start, let's go back for a moment to the Toyosaki Palace in Naniwa, the first palace purpose built for the new governmental system being brought over from the continent.  This was the palace of Karu Ohokimi, aka Koutoku Tennou, uncle to Naka no Ohoye.  It was built in the aftermath of the Isshin Incident of 645, an architectural centerpiece of the Taika reforms.  As you may recall, this was a massive undertaking.  This palace was largely rectangular, and consisted of three compounds from south to north, ranging from most to least public. Most people would enter from the south gate, later known as the Suzaku-mon, the gate of the crimson bird of the south, a pattern that would generally hold true for other palaces.  Entering the compound, you would find yourself in the Choshuden, a space holding two pavilions with several rooms where officials could change into or out of their official robes.  The gates to the Choshuden would open at sunrise for the clerks and functionaries would enter.  At the northern end of the Choshuden was the Southern gate of the Chodoin, the main working area of the court.  There were 14 halls, or Chodo, each one dedicated to a different ministry.  The size of these halls varied, likely based on importance or at least the size of their government portfolio. Most of the middle area of the Chodoin was open, but at the northern end was the gate to the Dairi, the inner palace.  This gate was flanked by two octagonal buildings, and it led to an area between the Chodoin and the Dairi where there sat the building that would become the Daigokuden.  This was the main audience chamber for meetings with the sovereign, who would preside and make pronouncements in the early morning hours, at the start of the day. To the north of the Daigokuden was the rest of the Dairi, where the sovereign's personal quarters lay, including the quarters for his consorts and children, maintained by his personal servants.And there were other gates into and out of the Dairi—after all, the palace was so large you didn't want to have to go through the Choushuden and Choudouin just to get to the sovereign's quarters.  Those who lived in the Dairi and those who worked there would be able to have their own entrances and exits. Let's contrast all of this with the Okamoto Palace in Asuka.  More precisely the Later Okamoto Palace.  This was the successor palace to the Itabuki palace, both of which were built for Takara Hime, aka Kougyouku—and by this point Saimei—Tennou.  In fact, Itabuki palace burned down at the end of 654, just as Takara Hime came to the throne a second time.  This palace was, in total, maybe the size of the Chodoin of the Toyosaki Palace, if that.  For one thing, there wasn't as much flat land easily available in the valley, but for another, the builders maybe didn't think they needed quite that much space and that many buildings.  You see, while the Toyosaki palace in Naniwa was likely meant to model the kind of infrastructure necessary for the Tang court, in Chang'an, Yamato was still building up its fledgling bureaucracy.  It wasn't like there were a flood of reports and correspondences coming in from all over the archipelago that had to be handled by an army of clerks.  At least not yet. The Okamoto palace, from what we can tell, was also a rectangle, once again facing south , on the east side of the Asuka river.  This palace did not necessarily have the same kinds of dedicated spaces as the Toyosaki Palace. The main gate that we know of was in the south, leading to a courtyard with another building—possibly the Ohoandono, alternatively the Ohoyasumidono or the Daianden.  This may have been an audience hall for meeting with public officials.  The ground here was covered in gravel, a fairly common thing for palace compounds. Though we don't know exactly what the buildings looked like, we have some idea based on the size and number of post-holes.  We also haven't found any ceramic tiles in or around the ruins so far, which suggests that Okamoto Palace did not have ceramic tile roofs as were common on temple architecture, but instead were likely covered with wooden shingles, like the Itabuki Palace that used to be in relatively the same spot.  From an archeological perspective, any tiled building of this size leaves a lot of indications behind: over the years tiles fall off, break, get buried, etc.  Even if, as was common, the court meticulously dismantled the buildings down and reused as much as they could, we would still expect to see some tiles or tile fragments in the ground where the pillars are found, and yet we find nothing of the sort.  To the east and west of the Ohoandono were long, narrow structures, oriented north to south rather than east to west.  These are thought to have been the offices where government officials could do their work. Moving into the northern section of the palace, the ground was paved with river stones.  There were two large buildings with small wings, running east to west, lengthwise, and situated on the same line as the Ohoandono.  These may have been what have been called the To no Andono, or outer Hall, and the Uchi no Andono, the inner hall, and they would have been used for ceremonies for those of the appropriate rank. The middle hall it seems was modified from its original form.  While it was similar in size and footprint to the hall north of it, the western wing of the southern hall at some point was destroyed—whether on purpose or accidentally—and it was replaced with what appears to have been a pond. On each side of this central area we see more space for buildings, but only some of the post holes have so far been uncovered.  There were other buildings further in the northernmost third of the compound that were likely for the sovereign's private usage, as well as a well, and what may have been a building for some kind of semi-private religious ceremony. This palace, the Okamoto Palace, was essentially what Ohoama started from when he  relocated the capital back to Asuka – but when he ascended to the throne, he did make a few changes.  Most notable was the creation of something called the ebinoko-kuruwa, the Ebinoko enclosure.  This was to the southeast of the main palace, and had a rectangular wall surrounding one large building and two smaller ones.  Interestingly, the buildings would appear to be oriented in a symmetrical shape that would suggest a southern entrance, like the other palace compounds we've been discussing, and yet the gate was to the west, opening to the area between the Ebinoko enclosure and the main palace.  And based on postholes and other evidence, there appear to have been at least four other rectangular buildings stretching out to the south, outside of the walls.  Some have theorized that the large building in the Ebinoko  was an early form of the Daigokuden, a ceremonial hall where Ohoama held court, rather than reusing the facilities of the old Okamoto palace.  Alternately,  perhaps it was actually more like the buildings of the Chodoin in Naniwa, where the different departments of the court actually did business, but here with all of the officials working in one, single building.  A third idea that others have suggested that this was actually Ohoama's private residence—again, somewhat odd given the size and shape and the fact that there were the seemingly larger facilities of the Okamoto palace already right there for the taking. So which is it?  We do have a clue in the record of the 15th day of the 9th month of 672, and the lines following it.  According to the Aston translation of the Nihon shoki: He removed his residence from the Palace of Shima to the Palace of Okamoto. In this year a Palace was erected south of the Palace of Okamoto, and the Emperor removed his residence thither that same winter.  This was called the Palace of Kiyomibara in Asuka. So it does seem like something was built south of Okamoto and that is where Ohoama resided.  It is somewhat uncommon for a sovereign to reuse an old palace like this.  Traditionally, sovereigns had regularly moved to new palaces, seemingly because of the attempts to avoid ritual pollution associated with death.  Of course, it had been a while since Takara hime had passed away, and Naka no Ohoye had moved everything to Ohotsu, but nonetheless, is it possible that the Ebinoko kuruwa was built to, in some way, give Ohoama new quarters? We may never know for sure.  There are plenty of inconsistencies.  For one, if it was meant as a residence, I would expect more buildings for his consorts and others.  There are also some things to note about the account in the Nihon Shoki.  For one thing, although the initial account calls this the Kiyomihara Palace,  the Chronicles also suggest that it wouldn't actually get that name until the 20th day of the 7th month of 686, about 14 years later. That record describes how a new era name was also announced:  the Akamitori, or red bird, era.  I don't want to get too much into it right now, but suffice it to say that a red, three legged crow is often depicted as the symbol of the sun; and the important south gate of the palace, the Suzaku-mon, is named for the vermillion bird of the south, one of the four guardian animals.  When this era name—more commonly read as “Shucho”, today, since era names are commonly red in on'yomi reading rather than kun'yomi—well, when it was declared, we are told that the palace was titled the Palace of Kiyomihara of Asuka. What are we to make of this? Well, today, it is assumed that the Kiyomihara palace refers to the Okamoto Palace starting from the creation of the Ebinoko-kuruwa and its occupation during what is assumed to be Ohoama's rule.  Earlier in the Nihon Shoki we are told that Ohoama was known as the Kiyomihara sovereign, and so even though that name technically wasn't applied to the palace until later, it makes some sense just to assume it applied from the start of Ohoama's renovations. One more thing that I would point out.  While we talked about the original Okamoto Palace and the newly built Ebinoko enclosure, they were arranged as though around a large open area, like a courtyard.  The original palace stood at the north, where one could enter the south gate of the palace, and then the Ebinoko enclosure sat on the east side of the courtyard, with its western gate between the two.  The southern and western sides of the courtyard, on the other hand, followed the snaking flow of the Asuka River. From about 675 to 681, on or about the 17th day of the first month of the year, it's recorded that the court held an annual archery shoot in the court of either the West or South Gate—which would seem to refer to this large area.  This makes sense, as the space is large enough to accommodate plenty of room for the range and for others to watch The archery exhibition   was held here, in the space between the two compounds, like clockwork until 681, when we are just told that it was held in the “Courtyard”, which feels like it is referring to an area inside the main compound of Kiyomihara. There are no more mentions of the tradition after 681, though there is an archery shoot in front of the South Gate on the 5th day of the 5th month of 685, but that was probably done as part of the regular 5/5 celebrations—a holiday today known as Kodomo no Hi, or Children's Day, but more traditionally known as Tango no Sekku, the Iris festival.  Some form of celebration on this date seems to have occurred throughout East Asia up until the modern day. Whether the archery stopped or just became such a standard thing that it was no longer noteworthy in the record, I can't really say.  However, one can possibly imagine what it was like, with all of the courtiers out there watching as the arrows shot down the field.  The occasional twang of bows and the faint whistle as it sped towards its target, hitting the target with a sharp thwack.  Murmurs from the crowd regarding how well—or how poorly—any given person was doing. Beyond the courtyard and what we know of the two compounds—the Kiyomihara palace and the Ebinoko Enclosure—there is plenty still to discover.  There were likely other compounds around the palace, possibly as an extension of the palace.  And then there were the temples: west, across the river, was Kawaradera, and north of the palace and surrounding compounds was Houkouji, or Asukadera.  There is even some evidence on the northwest edge of the compounds, southwest from Asukadera, of an ancient garden surrounding several manmade ponds. And so, the entire valley appears to have been filled with buildings and official spaces , running up against and being constrained by the natural features of the valley itself.  As I mentioned above, there just isn't that much buildable space in the Asuka valley, compared to other places like Naniwa.  And this contributed to one of the other problems that the court would have experienced: according to tradition,  the front of the palace and other buildings were all oriented south, but for this location, this meant that they didn't face the expansive fields of the Nara basin, but instead they faced the mountains themselves.  All in all, there was not much room here to grow, and yet the government and the court had grown, at least by all accounts. Though, how much had the court grown? Maybe not as much as we might expect, despite Ohoama's ambitions.  First of all there had been the purge of the powerful ministers at the head of the Afumi court, but there are some startling omissions in the records from the beginning of Ohoama's reign.  There is no mention of the Daijin, or Great Minister.  There is no Minister of the Right or Minister of the Left.  There is no Inner Minister, and there is no Great Minister of State.  There are mentions of the “kugyou”, or “Ministers of State”, which traditionally includes the Daijin, but there is no mention of the Daijin, suggesting that the “kugyou” of this time may have only referenced the heads of the 8 ministries of the Dajokan, the Council of State.  What does this mean? Many scholars interpret this period as a time of extremely centralized power.  Coming off of his military victory, Ohoama seems to have ridden a wave of support and control.  Combine that with the continued absorption of Tang dynasty propaganda-slash-government theory that saw the sovereign—the emperor—as the central authority, and one can see how Ohoama may have been able to do something that few sovereigns in Japanese history were able to actually do, which is to wield real power.  This may seem odd for a position translated into English most commonly as  “Emperor,” but as we've seen, in glimpses through the way they are depicted in the Chronicles, or through the archaeological record, which shows different loci of power and authority across the archipelago in ancient times, the Ohokimi, later dubbed the Tennou or Sumera no Mikoto, was not necessarily all powerful.  Not only did they have to contend with rivals to the throne, but even various court nobles who made their way into the centers of power.  From figures like Takeuchi no Sukune, to the Ohotomo, the Mononobe, and more recently the Soga—in all of these cases various nobles often held considerable power, though often in tension with one another. Sources of authority also varied.  There were the individual religious centers through which families exercised some ritual authority, while there was also more secular authority in the various court positions.  The Ohokimi certainly were respected, from what we can tell, and had a powerful source of authority going back to at least the holy kami of Mt. Miwa.  They even spread that authority through their kannushi, their priests, which they sent out as an extension of the state.  But they weren't entirely independent, either. But Ohoama seems to have reached a point where he did hold a tremendous amount of authority.  Because there is another telling omission from the chronciles: we don't see any more Soga members.  With the death of Soga no Akaye, the Soga family's influence seems to have disappeared this reign.  We also don't see that much about other prominent families compared to earlier: we see the Mononobe as ambassadors, and we see the Nakatomi are still conducting rituals.  But we don't see any of them rising to the same positions as their forebears.  Instead, we see a lot of focus on the Princely class—those members who claim some descent from a previous sovereign, or even the current sovereign, and how they, themselves, are divided up with their own system of ranks that are outside the civil service ranking system. Speaking of civil service, it does always strike me that the ranking systems of various east Asian courts very much resemble the way that, even today, many modern bureaucracies create wage scales for their civil servants.  In the US the most common such scale is the GS or “General Schedule” pay system.  In that system, positions are associated with a particular grade, between 1 and 15, and federal employees are also referred to in terms of those grades.  Grade typically reflects some level of seniority and pay.  It isn't a one-for-one analogy, of course: the court ranks in Yamato were handed out by the sovereign, or at least through their authority, as were the various court positions, though I doubt that Ohoama was spending much personal time approving promotions for a low level clerk writing down inventories and suchlike—but who knows.  But it does emphasize that this system is built to be a centralized bureaucratic monarchy, based on the continental model, and it now seems to have come into its own.  The court seems to have bought into the idea, and now, intentionally or not, much of their own position in society was directly tied to the autocratic whims of the monarch, or Ohoama himself. Indeed, some of the first records from the year 673 are focused on the court and court system.  The very first thing this entailed:  a banquet on the 7th day of the first month of the new year.  We are told that it was a “drinking party” or “shuen”, and boy does that draw some parallels with modern Japanese companies.  We aren't exactly given the form of this party, but we do have later examples.  There was likely a formal start, with various nobles set out at assigned seats based on their rank.  It was an official event, so officials would have been expected to wear the appropriate clothing, including their caps of rank, letting everyone know exactly who's who, and reinforcing the social hierarchy imposed by the rank system in the first place.  I suspect that it started with ritual and formality.  Later, you would have the after party, where people might more freely mingle and drink and recite poetry.  This was both an official and social occasion, because there really wasn't much of a line drawn between the two.  As a ritual, it displayed Ohoama's power over the state through his ability to host them all.  As a social function it was an important time in the political life of the court, where everyone was together, and you could find your cliques and supporters. Drinking alcohol, while being something that many enjoy for its own sake, was also a kind of religious observance.  Sake was made to be offered to the kami, as well as to be used at parties.  It was made from rice, the staple on which the agricultural success of the archipelago was based, and which held a particularly sacred place in other rituals and ceremonies. And then there was the poetry.  As would be true for much of Japanese history, poetry infused all aspects of life at the court, and being able to compose good poetry was just as important to one's social standing as reading, writing, and other such skills. There were generally two kinds of poetry practiced at the court.  There was the traditional Japanese poetry, or waka, with alternating verses of 5 or 7 syllables—more properly morae, but no need to get into that.  Then there was poetry composed in the Sinitic style.  Known as “Kanshi”, which translates directly as “Han Poetry”, this mimics the poetic forms brought over in literature from the continent.  It required a certain amount of education to be able to compose and was based on the characters, or kanji, used.  Kanshi can generally be divided into at least two categories.  There is the Kotaishi, or the Old Style Poetry, which consists of poetic form used prior to the Tang dynasty.  Then there is Kintaishi, or Modern Style Poetry, which is based on the forms from the Tang dynasty and later.  Kintaishi is usually recognized for adhering to more rules of structure and composition, usually using lines of 5 or 7 characters, while Kotaishi is more fluid and less concerned with specific rules and rhythms. Poetry was also not necessarily a solo activity.  It was common in later eras to arrange poetry competition, where the court would divide itself, much like the bureaucracy, between the Left and the Right.  Each group would compose poetry, often on a set theme, and then  put up the poems they felt were the best against those of the other side and then the entire court would listen and judge.  The only tangible reward, assuming the sovereign was not so moved as to do something extraordinary, was bragging rights.  And yet, that social capital was important among the nobles of the court.  Image was extremely important to individuals, and embarrassment could be a political death sentence.  And so many would work hard at these poems to make sure that they were the best they could be. At this point, though, we are still in the early years of many of these traditions.  The poetry that we have appears to be less formulaic than we see in later eras, when there were so many precedents to which one was expected to adhere.  Poems could be about feeling and were not required to hearken back to previous poems and poetic allusions. By the way, official events like this are also one of the ways that we get compilations of poems, later on.  These events would get transcribed and then later those poems would be referenced, particularly if they were noteworthy or by noteworthy individuals.  This kind of event may have been where a lot of the poems from works like the Man'yoshu and the Kaifusou, the earliest compilations of Waka and Kanshi, respectively.  At some point I”d love to dig into the poetry more in depth, but for the moment, I think it is best to leave it there. Now besides one's skills at poetry there were other skills that the court was interested in.  The court system that they had lifted from the continent was based, at least theoretically, on the idea of a meritocracy.  The monarch, of course, was judged to be worthy to rule through the mandate of Heaven, which often demonstrated itself early in the regime through the Emperor's forces defeating their enemies, much as Ohoama had defeated his rivals in the Afumi court.  However, for the rest of the government, the sovereign needed to make sure that he had qualified individuals.  From an early point in history, people recognized that not everyone born into power and wealth was necessarily the best person to help run things.  If you could only find those of the greatest intellect, discernment, and moral compass, then those are the ones you would want to have running things, right?  And this is fine in theory. However, determining who has those qualifications can be a bit tricky.  We talked about this back in episodes 71 and 72 when we talked about the Han dynasty more generally.  In that case, while the civil service exam was open to any person, the reality was that only those with enough wealth and leisure time could afford to study to take the test.  And so while it did open up opportunities for some, it did not truly apply equally across all classes of people.  And this was likely fine with most of the ruling class at the time, since there were also still theories that there were different classes of people, and it simply reinforced their ideas that those in the lower classes just didn't have the same capabilities that they had.  In the Yamato court early in Ohoama's reign it isn't clear to me exactly how individuals were being chosen for service.  We know that rank was handed out as a reward for service, varying with the individual.  Ohoama handed out rank at the end of 672 to those who had helped him to come to power, and then, on the 29th day of the 2nd month of 673, just two days after he formally ascended the throne, we are told that he conferred cap-rank on those who had performed good service, each according to their situation. Of course, that is about how promotions were rewarded.  But what about how people entered into service in the first place?  How did you get introduced to a job in the bureaucracy in the first place?  Well for that we have Ohoama's pronouncement on the first day of the fifth month.  He addressed the court and set it up as follows: First, anyone who would take a government position would begin their career as an “ohotoneri”.  These were low level functionaries who supported the various bureaus as guards, messengers, and whatever else was needed.  Previously, this all would have fallen under the general term of “toneri”, who were those members of the nobility who had been sent to serve in the royal palace.  Aston translates this as a “chamberlain”, and thus equates oho-toneri—literally “great toneri”—as “high chamberlain”, though I'm not sure if that was actually the distinction or not.  It looks like the term “toneri” itself may pre-date the Ritsuryo system, but now was being more standardized, with expanded categories of “toneri” within the system itself.  Interestingly, there is only one other example I could find of Ohotoneri before the reign of Ohoama and that was in the account of Waketakeru no Ohokimi, aka Yuryaku Tennou, which makes me think that might be an anachronism.  We definitely see “toneri” used since just before that reign and continuously onward, and we see them in regards to not just the royal house, but as the functionaries and servants in various places and for other aristocratic families, but the “ohotoneri” seem to have been specifically connected to the royal family… and thus the state. Ohotoneri, despite being quote-unquote “great” toneri, were at the relative bottom of the hierarchy.  They were the night shift, the guards, the messengers, and the general go-fers.  They were essentially paid interns.  As they did their tasks, they were learning about how the various offices and ministries worked, and they were demonstrating their own aptitude.  Based on how they did, they would then be assigned to various offices as seemed most suitable. There were also offices that were staffed by women.  Though separate and distinct, women also had a role in the palace and thus the maintenance of the court and the state.   They were to be selected for service regardless of their age or even whether they were married or not, but they fell under a separate set of rules from the men, because, well, patriarchy. So that's what happened when people were selected to serve, but who was selected?  The chronicles don't say explicitly until a decree about three years later in the 4th month of 676, when it was decreed that all those from provinces outside of the Home Provinces could enter the service of the sovereign, no matter their family's rank, whether Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, or Kuni no Miyatsuko.  They would also allow men of quote-unquote “distinguished ability” enter service, even though they were commoners. From that we can surmise that when they are talking about “all” people really they are talking about “all” the nobility—the only people for whom the Nihon Shoki was really intended, if you think about it.  Thus, logically it would seem that prior to this only members of the nobility were allowed to enter government service—but there is even more.  Because before this pronouncement in 676, only people in the Home Provinces were theoretically allowed to enter government service. The Home Provinces, or Kinai, are traditionally the five provinces of Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, Yamashiro, and Settsu.  At this point, though, Izumi was still a part of Kawachi, so it would have just been the four.  These provinces were likely the first lands to really come under Yamato's direct control, and as such they all held a certain pride of place.  This is also where we assume that the powerful families of Yamato had their strongholds.  Certainly the Soga, the Mononobe, and the Ohotomo all had claim to traditional land in and around this region.  When the court had moved to Ohotsu it would have been the first time in many years that the capital was moved out of the Home Provinces, which was probably a large part of the dissent expressed at the time.  How would you like it if your job up and moved two states away and forced you to relocate with them, likely at your own expense? In 676, though, the court decreed that it would no longer restrict itself to noble families of the Home Provinces, but instead would open up service, and the lucrative stipends that came with it, to members of the nobility in the rest of the archipelago. This seems particularly intriguing given the two swords we have from the time of Waketakeru no Ohokimi, aka Yuryua Tennou, in the 5th century, where elites had served—or at least claimed to serve—at his court.  It is possible that during his day the influence of Yamato was more expansive, and that influence contracted after him. Or it could be that it was a different type of service that they had provided. And then there is the comment in Ohoama's decree that the court would also allow men of “distinguished ability” to also enter service, even if they were commoners.  How very progressive.  This seems clearly designed to suggest the meritocratic system that was the ideal, even if it was only truly observed in the breach. I can't help but think about how this symbolizes the court's expanded control across the archipelago, and the idea that all of the archipelago was truly under their control.  It also meant that they had opened up the candidate pool to a wider audience.  Does that mean that they were growing the size of the government, too?  I also can't help but wonder how the old guard took this—the traditional families from the Home Provinces who suddenly found themselves competing with people from the periphery.  Did they see them as equals, or the equivalent of upstart country bumpkins?  And let's not even get started on anyone who joined government service as a Commoner. On the other hand, I suspect these new functionaries would have owed their position even more directly to the sovereign and the court, and they might not have strong familial ties to the local area.  This is all just theory, but seems to follow with Ohoama's general efforts at centralization and accretion of power and authority to himself whilst further building out the structure that his brother, Naka no Ohoye, had set up.  Along those lines, at the same time that the sovereign opened up membership in the court to those outside of the Kinai region, he also meddled with the incomes of the various Princes and Ministers.  He insisted that those Princes and Ministers who were receiving taxes from fiefs in the West—by which I assume is meant western Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—they should instead get their income from fiefs in the East.  So he was taking away the western fiefs and instead swapping them with eastern fiefs.  Those western taxes could then, presumably, come straight into the government coffers, and the princes and ministers would be connected with land in the east, which I suspect meant they would be expected to invest in those fiefs and encourage them to produce. This feels like it goes along with something from two years earlier, in 675, the third year of Ohoama's reign.  In the second month of that year he abolished the serfs granted to the various Uji back in 664, and he abolished any claims by Princes—Royal or otherwise—as well as Ministers and Temples to any mountains, marshes, islands, bays, woods, plains, and artificial ponds.  It seems clear that he claimed the right of eminent domain to himself and the state.  By extension, all land effectively belonged to Ohoama, and everyone else became, de facto, his tenants.  They paid taxes up to him, and he had the right to grant or take away the land as he saw fit. I can't imagine that went over well with those who had lost their rights to those lands, but either he compensated in them in some other way or his power had grown such that they didn't dare to oppose him.  Certainly not everyone was happy. In 677, Saita no Fubito no Nagura was banished to the island of Izu for apparently scoffing—or otherwise disrespecting—Ohoama.  Well, it says his vehicle, but Aston notes that this is probably just a polite euphemism for the sovereign himself. But that rebuke seems to have been pretty light compared to two years earlier when a man—we aren't even given his name, assuming it was known, hiked up the hill east of the palace, cursed Ohoama, and then cut his own throat.  How it was known that he had been cursing anyone isn't explained—though perhaps he had written it down or otherwise communicated his intentions.  Either way, it was certainly a rebuke. But if it phased Ohoama, we can't tell.  He did give those on duty that night a step in rank, presumably for the trauma they had experienced in dealing with everything. Possibly related—we are told that same month there was a great earthquake.  So was that thought to be the curse being fulfilled?  There is nothing to connect them except that the one immediately follows the other. And yet, Ohoama would continue to rule as he saw fit.  In fact, he would rule roughly 14 years, in total, right up to his death in 686.  A rather substantial reign compared to so many other sovereigns.  And he would continue to make his mark. Next episode we will continue our journey through the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tenno. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

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IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

IDF recovers 2 hostage bodies in Gaza, prepares next war stage & targets Yemeni leaders. Israel rejects UN hunger claims. Europe sanctions Iran. In-depth look at GHF food distribution in Gaza. Archeological finds in Israel affirm the truth of Bible.

Guiding Question: How did we get the Old Testament, and how can we be confident it's truly from God? Summary Description: Robert Lewis opens his "Theology 101" series by diving deep into the origins and credibility of the Old Testament. Addressing a question most believers rarely explore—how we got the Old Testament and whether it is historically and theologically trustworthy—he walks through the human and divine processes behind the formation of the Old Testament. This includes insights into the nature of inspiration, the role of prophets and compilers, and the role archeology and prophecy play in affirming the Old Testament's supernatural nature. He also emphasizes Jesus' own view of the Old Testament, adding a compelling reason for Christians to trust it. Outline: Introduction to Bibliology Is the Bible true? If so, how do we know? Special focus on the Old Testament. Mystery and Faith Much of the Old Testament's origin lies in ancient history. Acknowledges gaps but highlights archeological support. Human Authorship Types Inspired, proven leaders (e.g., Moses). Inspired, proven prophets (e.g., Elijah). Inspired compilers (e.g., authors of Psalms, Kings). The Supernatural Smell Test Books were accepted based on clear evidence of divine activity and historical consistency. How the Old Testament Was Compiled Slowly over 1,000 years. Scrolls added over time until writing stopped around 400 BC. Josephus' affirmation of its completion and integrity. The Apocrypha Not accepted by Jews or early Christians. Added later by the Catholic Church in 1546. Jesus' Endorsement Treated the Old Testament as authoritative, infallible, imperishable, and historical. Quoted it often and lived in fulfillment of its prophecies. Prophecy as Proof Dozens of fulfilled prophecies, especially those about Jesus. Examples include birthplace, manner of death, resurrection, and eternal reign. Conclusion and Call to Faith Faith in the Old Testament is not blind—it's based on strong evidence. The Old Testament ultimately points to Jesus and invites us not to miss him. Key Takeaways The Old Testament did not fall from the sky; it was compiled over a millennium by inspired leaders, prophets, and trusted compilers. Archeological and historical discoveries in the 20th century have increasingly supported its accuracy. Jesus himself affirmed the Old Testament's authority and fulfillment in his life. Fulfilled prophecy gives powerful evidence of divine authorship. The Old Testament is not merely historical—it's personal and relational, pointing directly to Jesus Christ. Faith in the Bible is reasonable and evidence-based, not blind or naive. Scriptural References Genesis 49:10 (Tribe of Judah) Jeremiah 23:5–6 (King from David's line) Micah 5:2 (Born in Bethlehem) Isaiah 7:14 (Born of a virgin) Isaiah 9:6 (Mighty God, Prince of Peace) Isaiah 53 (Suffering Servant, sacrifice, resurrection) Psalm 22 (Crucifixion details) Daniel 9:25–26 (Timeline of Messiah's death) Matthew 4:4; 5:18; 15:3–6; 22:29; 24:37–39 John 5:39–40; 10:35; 12:34–35 Recorded 10/17/04

In the wake of the October 7th attacks and the ensuing war in Gaza, there have been renewed claims that Israel has always been the Palestinian homeland and that Jewish people have never had a viable claim to the land. But is that the case? In his new book, When the Stones Speak, author, spokesman, and Israel Defense Forces Reservist at the rank of Major, Doron Spielman turns those claims on their heads as he shares the remarkable story of the rediscovery of the City of David and conclusive evidence that ties back to a specific time period in Israel's history. Don't miss the evidence that Israel's enemies don't want you to see. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠WATCH Stakelbeck Tonight episodes for free on TBN+ here.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ The Stakscast with Erick Stakelbeck podcast features host Erick Stakelbeck and special guests having candid, thought-provoking conversations on the state of America, the world, and the Church, plus powerful personal testimonies and stories. Tune in for deep discussions on the big issues that matter to you. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

00;00;00;00 - 00;00;57;04: Introduction to the David Night show, discussing the "all-seeing eye" of Palantir and the tech elite's dark retreats.00;02;28;18 - 00;02;48;25: Report on a 23-year-old Texas man arrested for scaling the wall at Mar-a-Lago, questioning the effectiveness of walls for security.00;05;28;00 - 00;06;03;22: Trump administration expands Palantir's role to compile data on Americans, raising privacy and surveillance concerns.00;09;29;18 - 00;10;09;12: Palantir's deep ties to the federal government and its origins with In-Q-Tel, the CIA's venture capital firm.00;10;38;27 - 00;11;06;05: Palantir executive Mike Gallagher labels pro-Palestine protesters a "domestic terrorist movement," sparking debate on free speech and surveillance.00;20;16;11 - 00;20;46;20: Trump allies with Palantir to build a massive database on Americans, tracking tax returns, bank accounts, and more.00;43;41;15 - 00;43;59;24: Case of Michael Williams, jailed due to an AI-powered gunshot detection program (ShotSpotter), highlighting pre-crime and algorithmic errors.00;49;43;23 - 00;50;10;12: Palantir's ties to the CIA, NSA, and military, with its software likened to the "all-seeing eye" of Sauron from Tolkien's works.00;54;57;27 - 00;55;32;08: PayPal's alleged deep ties with the NSA and its actions against WikiLeaks, raising questions about surveillance and censorship.00;59;38;15 - 01;00;00;11: Critique of Donald Trump as a savior figure, noting disillusionment with his actions like Palantir involvement compared to past policies like lockdowns and vaccines.01;01;31;11 - 01;01;57;23: Archeological and biblical evidence suggesting the Garden of Eden was a real place, possibly in Mesopotamia, tied to the origins of civilization.01;09;17;11 - 01;09;46;05: Crypto founder Charles Hoskinson's terrifying experience in a darkness retreat, fleeing after encountering sleep paralysis and demonic visions.01;29;38;11 - 01;30;02;07: Trump's second term moves toward autocracy, with actions like mass layoffs of civil servants, defunding universities, and deporting U.S.-born children.01;39;28;06 - 01;39;50;24: Growing trend of tech users viewing AI like ChatGPT as a god, with predictions of an official AI-worshipping church emerging within 24 months.01;47;30;29 - 01;47;52;24: Defense Secretary orders renaming of USNS Harvey Milk, a Navy ship named after a gay rights activist accused of predatory behavior.02;00;13;28 - 02;00;31;07: Reflection on Jesus's experience of abandonment by his disciples. 02;10;04;02 - 02;10;28;02: Elon Musk's public criticism of Trump's “Big Beautiful Bill,” which raises the debt ceiling by $5 trillion and ignores fiscal reform promises.02;36;22;20 - 02;36;40;12: Grieving parents in North Carolina charged with manslaughter after their seven-year-old son was killed by a car while walking to a store.02;48;27;05 - 02;48;51;26: Ship carrying 800 electric vehicles abandoned in the Pacific after a fire, possibly caused by lithium-ion batteries. Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-david-knight-show--2653468/support.

00;00;00;00 - 00;00;57;04: Introduction to the David Night show, discussing the "all-seeing eye" of Palantir and the tech elite's dark retreats.00;02;28;18 - 00;02;48;25: Report on a 23-year-old Texas man arrested for scaling the wall at Mar-a-Lago, questioning the effectiveness of walls for security.00;05;28;00 - 00;06;03;22: Trump administration expands Palantir's role to compile data on Americans, raising privacy and surveillance concerns.00;09;29;18 - 00;10;09;12: Palantir's deep ties to the federal government and its origins with In-Q-Tel, the CIA's venture capital firm.00;10;38;27 - 00;11;06;05: Palantir executive Mike Gallagher labels pro-Palestine protesters a "domestic terrorist movement," sparking debate on free speech and surveillance.00;20;16;11 - 00;20;46;20: Trump allies with Palantir to build a massive database on Americans, tracking tax returns, bank accounts, and more.00;43;41;15 - 00;43;59;24: Case of Michael Williams, jailed due to an AI-powered gunshot detection program (ShotSpotter), highlighting pre-crime and algorithmic errors.00;49;43;23 - 00;50;10;12: Palantir's ties to the CIA, NSA, and military, with its software likened to the "all-seeing eye" of Sauron from Tolkien's works.00;54;57;27 - 00;55;32;08: PayPal's alleged deep ties with the NSA and its actions against WikiLeaks, raising questions about surveillance and censorship.00;59;38;15 - 01;00;00;11: Critique of Donald Trump as a savior figure, noting disillusionment with his actions like Palantir involvement compared to past policies like lockdowns and vaccines.01;01;31;11 - 01;01;57;23: Archeological and biblical evidence suggesting the Garden of Eden was a real place, possibly in Mesopotamia, tied to the origins of civilization.01;09;17;11 - 01;09;46;05: Crypto founder Charles Hoskinson's terrifying experience in a darkness retreat, fleeing after encountering sleep paralysis and demonic visions.01;29;38;11 - 01;30;02;07: Trump's second term moves toward autocracy, with actions like mass layoffs of civil servants, defunding universities, and deporting U.S.-born children.01;39;28;06 - 01;39;50;24: Growing trend of tech users viewing AI like ChatGPT as a god, with predictions of an official AI-worshipping church emerging within 24 months.01;47;30;29 - 01;47;52;24: Defense Secretary orders renaming of USNS Harvey Milk, a Navy ship named after a gay rights activist accused of predatory behavior.02;00;13;28 - 02;00;31;07: Reflection on Jesus's experience of abandonment by his disciples. 02;10;04;02 - 02;10;28;02: Elon Musk's public criticism of Trump's “Big Beautiful Bill,” which raises the debt ceiling by $5 trillion and ignores fiscal reform promises.02;36;22;20 - 02;36;40;12: Grieving parents in North Carolina charged with manslaughter after their seven-year-old son was killed by a car while walking to a store.02;48;27;05 - 02;48;51;26: Ship carrying 800 electric vehicles abandoned in the Pacific after a fire, possibly caused by lithium-ion batteries. Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-real-david-knight-show--5282736/support.

Watch every episodes ad-free & uncensored on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dannyjones Jim Vieira is a stonemason, writer and star of History Channel's "Search for the Lost Giants." SPONSORS https://rhonutrition.com/discount/danny - Use code DANNY for 20% off. https://truewerk.com/danny - Get 15% off your first order. https://bubblycleaning.com/dannyjones - Get your first 3 hours of cleaning for only $19. https://whiterabbitenergy.com/?ref=DJP - Use code DJP for 20% off. GUEST LINKS https://www.megalithomania.co.uk https://www.facebook.com/giantsonrecord FOLLOW DANNY JONES https://www.instagram.com/dannyjones https://twitter.com/jonesdanny OUTLINE 00:00 - Ayahuasca cure for seizures 10:11 - Archeological giant humanoid skeletons 19:56 - Hancock vs Dibble debate 30:41 - Excavated giant human skeletons 46:10 - Lost connection to mysticism 53:12 - Plato, Atlantis & Ogygia 01:13:22 - Trump JRE podcast 01:24:46 - Fish gods & ancient Sumer 01:35:14 - Dead Sea Scrolls & Egypt 01:53:49 - Future archeologists 02:04:18 - Psychedelic experiments Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

It's News Day Tuesday! Sam and Emma speak with Jasper Nathaniel, writer of the Infinite Jaz newsletter on SubStack, to discuss his recent piece in The Drift magazine entitled "In Ruins​: Archaeological Warfare in the West Bank." First, Sam and Emma run through updates on the GOP's continuing struggle to get a continuing resolution, Pelosi blocking AOC's run for Oversight chair, the Senate's National Defense Authorization Act, Ukraine's bombing of Russia's chemical weapons chief, TikTok's Supreme Court fight, Trump's EV fight, RFK's meeting with Senators, Trudeau's shakey administration, US wealth inequality, and Josh Hawley's CTC for the middle- and upper-classes, before diving a little deeper into Nancy Pelosi's (notably no longer a member of party leadership) torpedoing of AOC's bid to be Dem chair on the Congressional Oversight Committee, and touching on Trump's attempt to run cover for his health and safety-related administrative choices and their rabid anti-vax beliefs. Jasper Nathaniel then joins, diving right into the concept of “Judea and Samaria” that has been advanced recently by American zionists like Bill Clinton and Mike Huckabee, unpacking its deep history as the zionist term for the West Bank, and how that relates to a rapidly progressing agenda of Israeli annexation of the Palestinian West Bank, with Israeli finance minister Bezalel Smotricht recent transfer of power over the West Bank away from civil authority, and his use of antiquity law to expand Israeli control over the region. Stepping back, Nathaniel walks Sam and Emma through the historical relationship between archeology and the zionist colonization of Palestine, beginning with the British surveying of the region whilst under their control at the turn of the century, where they grounded their research within biblical terms, directly assigning any discoveries to Biblical passages and civilizations, a tactic directly picked up on by the burgeoning Zionist movement at the time, and employed as a hard science as they pushed their agenda of creating “facts on the ground” to legitimize their right to the land Palestinian had lived on for generations. Expanding on this story, Jasper tackles the continued abuse of archeology by the Zionist regime over the following few decades, with the 1967 border agreement immediately coming under violation by Israeli archeologists, before coming back to the present to unpack Israel's utterly destructive approach to the genocide of Gaza in contrast with their slow, technocratic approach to slowly revoking the autonomy of various regions in the West Bank, tackling how this authority is grounded in much of the West Bank's presence on supposedly “protected” archeological sites. Looking to the supposed “authority” that grounds Israel's ongoing annexation of the West Bank, Nathaniel touches on the transferring of West Bank management from Israel's Civil authority to their Archeological authority, before wrapping up with an extensive conversation on the overwhelming ubiquity – and banality – of violence against Palestinians in the West Bank, and the future of the project for Palestinian liberation under a second Trump Administration. And in the Fun Half: Sam and Emma tackle Trump's recent comments on the relationship between vaccines and autism (and Fox's unsurprising response), and watch CNN's Michael Smerconish bemoan the lack of a public vigil for the recently murdered CEO of UnitedHealthcare, contrasting him with folks like John Lennon, George Floyd, and the victims of Kyle Rittenhouse. Mark Robinson reclaims the “Minisoldr” handle, MAGA freaks out over drone sightings, and Tim Pool has a boot to lick over Emma and Kyle Kulinski's Joe Rogan comments, plus, your calls and IMs! Follow Jasper on Instagram here: https://www.instagram.com/infinite_jaz/?hl=en Check out "Infinite Jaz" here: https://infinitejaz.substack.com/ Check out Jasper's most recent piece here: https://www.thedriftmag.com/in-ruins/ Become a member at JoinTheMajorityReport.com: https://fans.fm/majority/join Follow us on TikTok here!: https://www.tiktok.com/@majorityreportfm Check us out on Twitch here!: https://www.twitch.tv/themajorityreport Find our Rumble stream here!: https://rumble.com/user/majorityreport Check out our alt YouTube channel here!: https://www.youtube.com/majorityreportlive Join Sam on the Nation Magazine Cruise! 7 days in December 2024!!: https://nationcruise.com/mr/ Check out StrikeAid here!; https://strikeaid.com/ Gift a Majority Report subscription here: https://fans.fm/majority/gift Subscribe to the ESVN YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/esvnshow Subscribe to the AMQuickie newsletter here: https://am-quickie.ghost.io/ Join the Majority Report Discord! http://majoritydiscord.com/ Get all your MR merch at our store: https://shop.majorityreportradio.com/ Get the free Majority Report App!: http://majority.fm/app Go to https://JustCoffee.coop and use coupon code majority to get 20% off your purchase! 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