Podcasts about Nagato

This episode we are covering the end of the reign of Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  We cover the events in the Chronicles, including the death of Nakatomi no Kamatari, the creation of the Fujiwara family, the destruction of Goguryeo, and the continued development of the Baekje refugees. For more, check out the podcast blog at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-128 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 128: Immigrants, Princes, and High Officials. There was a pall over the house, despite the visiting royal retinue creating something of a stir,.  While craftspeople were still hard at work repairing damage from the lightning strike only a few months earlier, that wasn't the reason for the low spirits.  Rather, the house was worried for their patriarch, the Naidaijin, Nakatomi no Kamatari.  He had fallen ill, and despite all the pleas to the kami and the Buddhas , it seemed the end might be near. And so even the sovereign himself had come.  Kamatari was not just a loyal official, but  a close friend of the sovereign, someone who had been there since the beginning.  And so we can imagine how Naka no Oe felt.  He may have been the sovereign of Yamato, but he was still a human being, visiting his friend of some 30 or so years, knowing that for all of the power that he held, there was nothing he could do against the ravages of time and disease.     The year is 668—Naka no Oe has moved the capital to Ohotsu, on the banks of Lake Biwa, and has formally assumed the throne. This episode we are going to cover the last several years of Naka no Oe's reign.  In contrast to last week's dive into Yamato science, this week is going to be a bit of a grab bag, looking at what was going on in Yamato and talking about what was recorded in the Chronicles. And for the most part, the entries for the rest of the year 668 are fairly normal, and yet there are some oddities… For instance, in the fourth month we are told that Baekje sent Mitosapu and others to offer tribute.  And any other time that would be just a normal thing.  Except that at this point in history, Baekje was about as going a concern as a parrot in a Monty Python sketch.  So if the Kingdom of Baekje was no longer a thing, who was it that was sending the tribute? Most likely it was the Baekje communities in exile living in the archipelago.  Remember how many of them had settled around Biwa and in 666, two thousand Baekje people were settled somewhere in the East.  These immigrants  were still being supported by the Yamato government, who were basically subsidizing their settlement for the first three years, during which time they would be expected to make it into a permanent settlement. Based on the way the Chronicles talk about it, these early Baekje communities sound like they were maintaining a kind of kingdom in exile.  With many immigrants from Baekje living together in proximity, they were likely keeping their own groups, with their own language and traditions, at least for now.  It would be interesting to know if there were specific Baekje settlements that have been identified through the archaeological record.   That said, we definitely see Baekje's mark on the archipelago: Physically, there are the Baekje style castles, and various temples following Baekje style layouts.  Of course there were also continental building styles, but some of that was shared across multiple cultures at this point, and one should consider how much Baekje influence might have been found in things that we later see as Japanese. Additionally, Baekje nobles were involved in the court, often given court rank based in part on their rank in Baekje, though it wasn't quite equivalent.  Still,  in time, some of the nobles would trace their lineages back to Baekje nobles and princes. Speaking of princes and Baekje, on the fifth day of the fifth month of 668 —a day that would come to be known as Ayame no hi, or Tango no Sekku, one of the major days of court ceremony—Naka no Oe went out hunting on the moor of Kamafu, known today as Gamou district, near Kanzaki, where 400 Baekje people had been settled.  He was out there with the Crown Prince, his younger brother, aka Prince Ohoama, and all the other princes and ministers.  A grand outing. A month later, however, tragedy struck.  One “Prince Ise” and his younger brother died on consecutive days.  While this was undoubtedly a blow to the court, the interesting thing for our purposes – which also highlights the challenge of interpreting the Chronicles is that we aren't exactly sure who this is referring to.  It's not the first time we've seen this title: we first see a “Prince Ise” show up around 650, during the presentation of the white pheasant that ushered in the Hakuho era, but we later see that that individual had passed away in 661.  We also see the name show up less than 20 years later in the Chronicles for another prince, so this can't be the same.  So this is clearly a position or title for a prince, but it isn't clear if it was passed down or inherited.   One possibility is that “Prince Ise” or “Prince of Ise” was a title for one of the royal sons. IAt this point in the narrative, Naka no Oe had three sons.  Prince Takeru had passed away at the age of 8, but he also had Prince Kawajima, Prince Shiki, and Prince Iga, aka Prince Ohotomo, all sons of “palace women”.  We know, though, that these princes show up later, so I don't think the so-called Prince Ise was one of them.  Perhaps another line?   The term “Prince” might also refer to something other than a royal son.  You see, English translators have often been somewhat cavalier with the way we tend to render titles.  The English term “Prince” has  been used for “Hiko”, “Miko”, or “Ou” (which was probably pronounced “Miko” in many of these cases).  And in English, we often think of “Prince” as the son of a king, but “Prince” can also be an independent ruler of a principality, or may just refer to a person with power in a monarchic state.  Even the term “king” is not unambiguous—early European accounts of Japan during the Warring States period often refer to the various daimyou as “kings”, given the often absolute dominion with which they apparently ruled their particular domains. At this time, the term “Miko”  (also pronounced “ouji”, or “koushi”, or even “sume-miko”) seems rather unambiguously to refer to a “royal prince”, from the lineage of the sovereign.  The term “Ou”, which also seems to be read as “Miko” in some cases, is also the term for “King” and probably more broadly fits the concept of a “prince” as a ruler.  However, in this case, it seems to be equal to the term “Miko”, and may have been used almost interchangeably for a time, though later it would be used to refer to members of princely rank who were not directly related to a reigning sovereign—the grandchildren and so forth of royal princes who did not go on to inherit. In this case, I think the best we can say for certain is that Prince Ise—or the Prince of Ise—was someone important enough to be included in the chronicles – but who he was, exactly, will remain a mystery for now. The following month, the 7th month, was chock full of activities.  First of all, Goguryeo sent envoys by way of Koshi—meaning they landed on the Japan Sea side, probably around Tsuruga.  While this may just have been closer, I suspect it meant they avoided any Tang entanglements traveling through the Bohai sea.  They did run into a spot of trouble, however, as the winds and waves prevented their return. Koshi also shows up as presenting some strange gifts to the court:  burning earth and burning water.  There is some thought that maybe this is something like coal or natural oil deposits. We are also told that in this month, Prince Kurikuma was appointed the governor of Tsukushi.  Kurikuma no Ou appears to have been the grandson—or possibly great-grandson—of the sovereign, Nunakura, aka Bidatsu Tennou.  The position Kurikuma was given was important, of course, overseeing the Dazai, which meant overseeing anyone traveling to the archipelago from the continent. This would be a relatively short-lived appointment—this time.  He would be re-appointed about three years later, which would prove important, as he would be governor there during some particularly momentous events.    Stories appear to have continued about him in the Nagasaki region, and various families traced their lineage back to him. Also in that month, we are told that Afumi, home of the new capital, practiced military exercises—likely in preparation in case of a future Tang or Silla invasion.  Recall we discussed in Episode 126 how the choice of Afumi as a capital site might have been related to its defensibility in the event of such an invasion. At the same time, the court entertained Emishi envoys, and the toneri, by royal command, held banquets in various places. There is also mention of a shore-pavillion, presumably at Lake Biwa, where fish of various kinds came, covering the water.  Interestingly enough, there is another story of a “shore pavilion”, likely the same one, in the Fujiwara Family Record, the Toushi Kaden.  We are told that Prince Ohoama – Naka no Oe's younger brother spiked a large spear through a plank of wood in some kind of feat of strength.  This apparently shocked Naka no Oe, who saw it aa  kind of threat—perhaps seeing that his five-years younger brother was still hale and healthy.  Granted, Naka no Oe was only in his 40s, but his brother Ohoama was in his later 30s.  We are also told that at this time, in 668, Naka no Oe was apparently not doing so well, with people wondering if he would be with them much longer. The Toshi Kaden account seems rather surprising in that it claims Naka no Oe was so shocked by this proof of his brother's vitality that he wanted to have him put to death, suggesting to me that he felt that Ohoama might be a threat to him and his rule.  Ultimately, though, he was talked out of this by his old friend, Nakatomi no Kamatari – the one whom he had plotted with to overthrow the Soga, and whose relationship was initiated by an interaction on the kemari field, as we discussed in Episode 106. Speaking of whom: Nakatomi no Kamatari was still Naijin, the Inner or Interior Minister, and so  quite prominent in the administration. In the 9th month, as a Silla envoy was visiting the court, Kamatari sent Buddhist priests Hoben and Shinpitsu to present a ship to the Prime Minister of Silla, which was given to the Silla envoy and his companions, and three days later, Fuse no Omi no Mimimaro was sent with a ship meant for the King of Silla as well. This incident is also recounted in the Toshi Kaden.  In this case it says that the people, hearing about the gifts to Silla, were quite upset.  After all, it stands to reason:  Yamato was still smarting from their defeat at the hands of Tang and Silla forces, and building up defenses in case of an attack.  They'd also taken in a number of Baekje nobles and families, who may have also had some influence on the court.  We are told that Kamatari himself excused all of this by stating that “All under heaven must be the sovereign's land.  The guests within its borders must be the sovereign's servants.”  In this case, all under heaven, or “Tenka”, is a common phrase used to describe a monarch's sovereignty over everything in the land.  And so, while Silla envoys were in Yamato as guests, they also fell under similar rules, and as such were considered, at least by Yamato, as the sovereign's servants and thus worthy of gifts. The Silla envoys stayed for over a month.  They finally departed by the 11th month of 668, carrying even more gifts, including silk and leather for the King and various private gifts for the ambassadors themselves.  The court even sent Chimori no Omi no Maro and Kishi no Woshibi back with the envoy as Yamato envoys to the Silla court. This all tells us that just as the Tang were working to woo Yamato, Silla was likely doing so as well.  And while Yamato might still begrudge the destruction of Baekje, they also had to face the political reality that Baekje was probably not going to be reinstated again—especially not while the Tang government was occupying the peninsula. So making nice with both Tang and Silla was prudent. Furthermore, though they had been visited by Goguryeo envoys earlier that year, Yamato may have had some inkling that Goguryeo was not in the most powerful position.  Ever since the death of Yeon Gaesomun, the Goguryeo court had been involved in infighting—as well as fighting their external enemies.  One of Gaesomun's sons had been exiled and had gone over to the Tang, no doubt providing intelligence as well as some amount of legitimacy.  What they may not have known was that as Yamato was hosting the Silla envoys, a new assault by the Tang-Silla alliance was advancing on Pyongyang and setting siege to the city.  The Nihon Shoki records that in the 10th month of 668 Duke Ying, the Tang commander-in-chief, destroyed Goguryeo. This would dramatically change the international political landscape.  Tang and Silla had been triumphant—Yamato's allies on the peninsula had been defeated, and what we know as the “Three Kingdoms” period of the Korean peninsula was over.  However, the situation was still fluid.  The peninsula was not unified by any sense of the imagination.  The Tang empire had their strategic positions from which they controlled parts of the peninsula and from which they had been supplying the war effort against Goguryeo.  They also likely had to occupy areas to ensure that nobody rose up and tried to reconstitute the defeated kingdoms.  In fact, there would be continued attempts to revive Goguryeo, as might be indicated in the name we use: by the 5th century, the country was actually using the name “Goryeo”, a shortened form of “Goguryeo”, but we continue to refer to it as “Goguryeo” to distinguish it from the country of the same name that would be established in 918, laying claim to that ancient Goguryeo identity. A bit of spoilers, but “Goryeo” is where we would eventually get the name that we know the region by, today:  “Korea”.  In the Nihon Shoki it is referred to as “Gaori”. But none of that could have been known at the time.  Instead, there was no doubt some exuberance on the side of both Silla and Tang, but that would settle into something of unease.  With Baekje and Goguryeo destroyed, Silla may have thought that Tang would leave, allowing them to solidify their hold and manage those territories as an ally.  If this is what they thought, though, I'm not sure they had run it by the Tang empire just yet. In the Yamato court, there appear to have been separate factions: a pro-Tang faction, and also a pro-Silla faction.  We have to assume, based on the actions in the record at this time, that this was a ongoing debate. The last thing I'll note for the year 668 is attempted theft.  The Buddhist priest Dougyou stole Kusanagi, the famous sword forming part of the imperial regalia, and escaped with it.  Kusanagi, you may recall, was the royal sword.  It was named “Kusanagi” or “grass cutter” because it is said that when Prince Yamato Takeru was subduing the eastern lands, he was surrounded in a field that had been set on fire, and he used Kusanagi to create a firebreak by cutting down all of the grass around him.  The sword was given to him by Yamato Hime, the Ise Princess at the time, and it was thought to have been first found by the god Susanowo inside of the legendary Yamata no Orochi.  We talked about this in Episodes 16, 34, and 35.  Yamato Takeru left the sword in Owari, and it would eventually live there, at Atsuta Jingu, Atsuta Shrine, its traditional home. It isn't clear if Dougyou obtained the sword from Owari or if it was being kept in the capital at the time.  It would have likely been brought out for Naka no Oe's coronation, but then it would probably have been returned to the shrine that was holding it. Dougyou tried to head to Silla with his illicit goods, but wind and rain forced him to turn back around.  This is a fascinating story and there's a lot to dive into here. So first off, let's point out that this is supposed to be a Buddhist priest.  What the heck was going on that he was going to try to run a heist on what are essentially the Crown Jewels of the Yamato crown?  While the sword, mirror, and jewel were still somewhat questionable as the sole three regalia, they were clearly important.  We aren't given Dougyou's motives.  We don't know enough about him.  Was he anti-Yamato or anti-Naka no Oe?  Was he actually a Buddhist priest of his own accord, or was he a priest because he was one of those who had been essentially conscripted into religious orders on behalf of some powerful noble?  Was he a Buddhist who wanted to attack the hold of the kami? Was he pro-Silla, or perhaps even a Silla descendant, trying to help Silla? Or was he just a thief who saw the sword, Kusanagi, as a valuable artifact that could be pawned outside of Yamato? That last possibility feels off.  While we aren't exactly sure what Kusanagi looked like, based on everything we know, the sword itself wasn't necessarily blinged out in a way that would make it particularly notable on the continent.    And if Dougyou and whoever his co-conspirators were just wanted to attack the Yamato government, why didn't he just dump Kusanagi in the see somewhere?  He could have destroyed it or otherwise gotten rid of it in a way that would have embarrassed the government. It seems mostly likely that this theft had something to do with pro-Silla sentiment, as if Silla suddenly showed up with the sword, I imagine that would have been some diplomatic leverage on the Yamato court, as they could have held it hostage.  In any case, the plan ultimately failed, though the Chronicles claim it was only because the winds were against him—which was likely seen as the kami themselves defending Yamato. On to a new year.  At the start of 669, Prince Kurikuma (who we mentioned above) was recalled to the capital and Soga no Akaye was appointed governor of Tsukushi. We mentioned Akaye a couple of episodes back.  He was involved in the broken arm-rest incident, where Prince Arima was plotting against Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, and Akaye's daughter Hitachi no Iratsume, was one of the formal wives of Naka no Oe, who would give birth to the princess Yamabe. Now Akaye was given the position of governor of Tsukushi. This position is an interesting one throughout Japanese history.  In many ways it is a viceroy—the governor of Tsukushi has to effectively speak with the voice of the sovereign as the person responsible for overseeing any traffic to and from the continent.  This also was likely a highly lucrative position, only handed out to trusted individuals. However, it also meant that you were outside of the politics of the court.  Early on that was probably less of a concern.  At this time, court nobles were likely still concerned with their traditional lands, which created their economic base, meaning that the court may have been the political center, but there was still plenty of ways to gain power in the archipelago and it wasn't solely through the court.  Over time, as more and more power accrued to the central court government, that would change.  Going out to manage a government outpost on the far end of the archipelago—let alone just going back to manage one's own estates—would be tantamount to exile.  But for now, without a permanent city built up around the palace, I suspect that being away from the action in the capital wasn't quite as detrimental compared to the lucrative nature of a powerful position.  Later, we will see how that flips on its head, especially with the construction of capitals on the model of those like Chang'an. For now, new governor Soga no Akaye was likely making the most of his position.  On that note, in the third month of 669, Tamna sent their prince Kumaki with envoys and tribute.  They would have come through Tsukushi, and Soga no Akaye likely enjoyed some benefits as they were entertained while waiting for permission to travel the rest of the way down to the Yamato capital.  The Tamna embassy did not exactly linger at the court.  They arrived on the 11th of the 3rd month, and left one week—seven days—later, on the 18th.  Still, they left with a gift of seed-grain made to the King of Tamna. On their way out, they likely would have again stopped in at Tsukushi for provisions and to ensure that all of their business was truly concluded before departing. A couple of months later, on the 5th day of the 5th month, we see another hunting party by Naka no Oe.  This seems to have been part of the court ritual of the time for this ceremonial day.  This time it was on the plain of Yamashina.  It was attended by his younger brother, Crown Prince Ohoama, as well as someone called “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” and all of the ministers. “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” is no doubt Nakatomi no Kamatari.  This is an interesting slip by the Chroniclers, and I wonder if it gives us some insight into the source this record came from.  Kamatari was still known as Nakatomi at the time, and was still the Naidaijin, so it is clear they were talking about him.  But historically his greatest reputation is as the father of the Fujiwara family, something we will get to in time.  That said, a lot of the records in this period refer to him as “Fujiwara”.  We've seen this previously—because the records were being written later they were often using a more common name for an individual, rather than the name—including title—that the individual actually would have borne at the time of the record.  This really isn't that different from the way we often talk about the sovereigns using their posthumous names.   Naka no Oe would not have been known as “Tenji Tennou” during his reign.  That wouldn't be used until much later.  And yet, many history books will, understandably, just use the name “Tenji” because it makes it clear who is being talked about. This hunting trip is not the only time we see the name “Fujiwara” creep into the Chronicles a little earlier than accurate: we are told that only a little later, the house of “Fujiwara” no Kamatari was struck by lightning.  But that wasn't the only tragedy waiting in the wings.  Apparently, Kamatari was not doing so well, and on the 10th day of the 10th month, his friend and sovereign, Naka no Oe, showed up to pay his respects and see how he was doing. Ever since that fateful game of kemari—Japanese kickball—the two had been fast friends.  Together they envisioned a new state.  They overthrew the Soga, and changed the way that Japan even conceived of the state, basing their new vision off continental ideas of statehood, governance, and sovereignty.  Now, Kamatari was gravely ill. What happens next is likely of questionable veracity Sinceit is unlikely that someone was there writing down the exact words that were exchanged, but the Chronicles record a conversation between the sovereign and his ill friend.  And the words that the Chroniclers put in their mouths were more about the image that they wanted to project.  According to them, Naka no Oe praised his friend, and asked if there was anything that he could do. Kamatari supposedly eschewed anything special for burial arrangements.  He supposedly said “While alive I did no service for my country at war; why, then, should I impose a heavy burden on it when I am dead?”  Hard to know if he actually felt like that or not, or if thr Chroniclers were likening him to  Feng Yi of the Han dynasty, the General of the Great Tree.  He was so-called because he would often find a tree to take time to himself.  He likewise was renowned for his dislike of ostentation, much like Kamatari foregoing a fancy burial mound. Five days later, Naka no Oe sent Crown Prince Ohoama to Kamatari's house to confer on him the cap of Dai-shiki, and the rank of Oho-omi.  They also conferred on him and his family a new surname:  Fujiwara, and so he became Fujiwara no Daijin, the Fujiwara Great Minister.  The next day he died.  One source known as the Nihon Seiki, said that he was 50 years old, but according to the Chronicles there was an inscription on his tomb that stated he died at age 55. Three days later, we are told that Naka no Oe went to the house of the now late Fujiwara no Naidaijin, and gave orders to Soga no Akaye no Omi, declaring to him his gracious will and bestowing on him a golden incense-burner.  This is somewhat odd, because as we were just talking about, Soga no Akaye had been appointed governor of Tsukushi, though the Toshi Kaden claims that it was actually Soga no Toneri who was in Tsukushi—but these could also mean the same people.  Why this happened right after Kamatari's death suggests to me that Soga no Akaye may have had something to do with the arrangements for Kamatari's funeral or something similar. Let's talk about this whole incident.  There are many that think the Nihon Shoki has things a bit out of order, and on purpose.  Specifically, it is quite likely that the name “Fujiwara” was actually granted after Kamatari's death, and not on the day of, as it has here.  He may even have been posthumously elevated.  But since the Fujiwara family would go on to be quite powerful, the order of events and how they were recorded would have been very important in the 8th century. By naming Kamatari's line the Fujiwara, the court were effectively severing it from the rest of the Nakatomi.  The Nakatomi family would continue to serve as court ritualists, but the Fujiwara family would go on to much bigger and better things.  This change also likely meant that any inheritance of Kamatari's would go to his direct descendants, and that a brother or cousin couldn't necessarily just take over as the head of the household.  So it's very possible that this “setting apart” of the Fujiwara family immediately upon Kamatari's death is a later fiction, encouraged by the rising Fujiwara themselves, in an attempt to keep others from hanging on to their coat tails, as it were. Also a quick note about the idea that there was an inscription on Kamatari's tomb.  This is remarkable because so far, we have not actually found any such markers or tombstones on burials prior to this period.  We assume that they would have been stone or wood markers that were put up by a mound to let you know something about the person who was buried there.  Over time, most of these likely wore away.  But it is interesting to think that the practice may have had older roots. The death of Kamatari wasn't the only tragedy that year.  We are also told that in the 12th month there was a fire in the Treasury, and that the temple of Ikaruga—known to us as Houryuuji, the temple built by Shotoku Taishi—also was burnt.  It isn't said how bad, but only three months later, in 670, another fire struck during a thunderstorm, and we are told that everything burned down—nothing was left. That said, it seems that they may have been able to reuse some of the materials.  I say this because an analysis of the main pillar of the pagoda in the western compound suggests that the tree it came from was felled in 594. The rest of 699 included some less dramatic events. For instance, in the 8th month, Naka no Oe climbed to the top of Takayasu, where he took advice as to how to repair the castle there.  The castle had been built only a couple of years earlier, but already needed repairs.  However, the initial repair project had been abandoned because the labor costs were too much.  The repairs were still needed, though, and they carried out the work four months later in the 12th month, and again in the 2nd month of the following year, and that stores of grain and salt were collected, presumably to stock the castle in case they had to withstand a siege. I suspect that the “cost” of repairing the castle was mostly that it was the 8th month, and the laborers for the work would have to be taken away from the fields.  By the 12th month, I can only assume that those same laborers would be free from their other duties. Speaking of costs, sometimes the Chronicles really make you wonder what was going through the mind of the writers, because they noted that the Land-tax of the Home Provinces was collected.  Maybe this was the first time it had actually been instituted?  I don't know.  It just seems an odd thing to call out. There was also 700 more men from Baekje removed and settled in Kamafu—Gamou District—in Afumi.  And then there was a Silla embassy in the 9th month, and at some point in the year Kawachi no Atahe no Kujira and others were sent to the Tang court.  In response, an embassy from the Tang to Yamato brought 2000 people with them, headed by Guo Wucong, who I really hope was getting some kind of premiere cruiser status for all of his trips. The following year, 700, started out with a great archery meeting, arranged within the palace gate.  I presume this to mean that they had a contest.  Archery at this time—and even for years to come—was prized more highly than even swordplay.  After all, archery was used both in war and on the hunt.  It is something that even the sage Confucius suggested that people should practice.  It is also helpful that they could always shoot at targets as a form of competition and entertainment. Later, on the 14th day of the 1st month, Naka no Oe promulgated new Court ceremonial regulations, and new laws about people giving way on the roads.  This rule was that those of lower status should get out of the way of those of higher status.  Funnily enough, in the description of Queen Himiko's “Yamateg”, back in the 3rd century, this was also called out as a feature of the country.  It is possible that he was codifying a local tradition, or that the tradition actually goes back to the continent, and that the Wei Chroniclers were projecting such a rule onto the archipelago.  I'm honestly not sure which is which.  Or perhaps they expanded the rules and traditions already in place.  There were also new laws about prohibiting “heedless slanders and foul falsehoods”, which sounds great, but doesn't give you a lot to go on. The law and order theme continues in the following month.  A census was taken and robbers and vagabonds were suppressed.  Naka no Oe also visited Kamafu, where he had settled a large number of the Baekje people, and inspected a site for a possible future palace.  He also had castles built in Nagato in Tsukushi, along the route of any possible invasion from the Korean peninsula. In the third month, we have evidence of the continued importance of kami worship, when they laid out places of worship close to Miwi mountain and distributed offerings of cloth.  Nakatomi no Kane no Muraji pronounced the litany.  Note that it is Nakatomi no Muraji—as we mentioned, the Nakatomi would continue to be responsible for ceremonial litany while the Imibe, or Imbe, family would be responsible for laying out the various offerings. Miwi would seem to be the same location as Miidera, aka Onjou-ji, but Miidera wouldn't be founded for another couple of years. In the 9th month of 670, Adzumi no Tsuratari, an accomplished ambassador by this point, travelled to Silla. Tsuratari had been going on missions during the reign of Takara Hime, both to Baekje and to the lands across the “Western Seas”.  While we don't exactly know what transpired, details like this can help us try to piece together something of the relative importance of the mission. In the last entry for 670, we are told that water-mills were made to smelt iron.  If you are wondering how that works, it may have been that the waterwheel powered trip hammers—it would cause the hammer to raise up until it reached a point where it would fall.  Not quite the equivalent of a modern power hammer, it still meant that fewer people were needed for the process, and they didn't have to stop just because their arms got tired. The following year, 671, got off to a grand start, with a lot of momentous events mentioned in just the first month of the year. First off, on the 2nd day of the first month, Soga no Akaye – now back from his stint as governor of Tsukushi - and Kose no Hito advanced in front of the palace and offered their congratulations on the new year.  Three days later, on the 5th day, Nakatomi no Kane, who had provided the litany at Miwi, made an announcement on kami matters.    Then the court made official appointments.  Soga no Akaye was made the Sadaijin, or Prime Minister of the Left, and Nakatomi no Kane was made Prime Minister of the Right.  Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi were all made daibu, or high ministers.  On top of this, Naka no Ohoe's son, Prince Ohotomo, was appointed as Dajodaijin. “Dajodaijin” is a new position that we haven't seen yet, and it is one of those positions that would only show up on occasion.  It is effectively a *Prime* Prime Minister.  They were considered superior to both the ministers of the left and the right, but didn't exactly have a particular portfolio.  The Ministers of the Left and the Right each had ministries under them that they were responsible for managing.  Those ministries made up the Daijo-kan, or the Council of State.  The Dajodaijin, or Daijodaijin, was basically the pre-eminent position overseeing the Council of State.  I suspect that the Dajodaijin seems to have been the evolution of the Naidaijin, but on steroids.  Nakatomi no Kamatari had administered things as Naidaijin from within the royal household, but the Dajodaijin was explicitly at the head of the State.  Of course, Prince Ohotomo was the son of Naka no Oe himself, and the fact that he was only 23 years old and now put in a place of prominence over other ministers who were quite likely his senior, is remarkable.  I wonder how much he actually was expected to do, and how much it was largely a ceremonial position, but it nonetheless placed Ohotomo just below his uncle, Crown Prince Ohoama, in the overall power structure of the court. Speaking of which, following the new appointments, on the 6th day of the year, Crown Prince Ohoama promulgated regulations on the behalf of his brother, Naka no Oe.  There was also a general amnesty declared, and the ceremonial and names of the cap-ranks were described in what the Chronicles calls the Shin-ritsu-ryo, the New Laws. Towards the end of the first month, there were two embassies, both from now-defunct kingdoms.  The first was from Goguryeo, who reportedly sent someone named Karu and others with Tribute on the 9th day, and 4 days later, Liu Jenyuan, the Tang general for Baekje sent Li Shouchen and others to present a memorial.  I'm not sure if the Goguryeo envoys were from a government in exile or from a subjugated kingdom under Tang and Silla domination.  The Tang general in Baekje was a little more transparent.  That said, that same month we are told that more than 50 Baekje nobles were given Yamato court rank, perhaps indicating that they were being incorporated more into the Yamato court and, eventually, society as a whole.  That said, the remains of the Baekje court sent Degu Yongsyeon and others with tribute the following month. This is also the year that Naka no Oe is said to have placed the clepsydra or water clock in a new pavilion.  We talked about this significance of this last episode.  We are also told that on the third day of the third month, Kibumi no Honjitsu presented a “water level”, a Mizu-hakari.  This would seem to be what it sounds like:  A way of making sure that a surface is level using water.  There is also mention of the province of Hitachi presenting as “tribute” Nakatomibe no Wakako.  He was only 16 years old, and yet we are told he was only one and a half feet in height—one shaku six sun, more appropriately.  Assuming modern conversions, that would have put him approximately the same height as Chandra Dangi of Nepal, who passed away in 2015 but who held the Guiness World Record for the world's shortest person at 21.5”—or 54 centimeters.  So it isn't impossible. The fact that he is called “Nakatomibe” suggests that he was part of the family, or -Be group, that served the Nakatomi court ritualists.  Unfortunately, he was probably seen more as an oddity than anything else at the time.  Still, how many people from that time are not remembered at all, in any extant record?  And yet we have his name, which is more than most. In the following month, we are also told that Tsukushi reported a deer that had been born with eight legs.  Unfortunately, the poor thing died immediately, which is unfortunately too often the case. And then the fifth day of the fifth month rolled around again. This year there was no hunting, but instead Naka no Oe occupied the “Little Western Palace” and the Crown Prince and all of the ministers attended him.  We are told that two “rustic” dances were performed—presumably meaning dances of some local culture, rather than those conforming to the art standards passed down from the continent.  As noted earlier, this day would be one of the primary ceremony days of the later court. The following month, we are told that there was an announcement in regards to military measures requested by the messengers from the three departments of Baekje, and later the Baekje nobles sent Ye Chincha and others to bring tribute.  Once again, what exactly this means isn't clear, but it is interesting to note that there were three “departments” of Baekje.  It is unclear if this was considered part of the court, or if this was Baekje court in exile managing their own affairs as a guest in Yamato. It is also interesting that they seem to have been traveling to the Yamato court while Li Shouchen was still there, sent by the Tang general overseeing Baekje.  That must have been a bit of an awkward meeting.  We are told that they all took their departure together on the 11th day of the 7th month.  Does that mean they left with the Tang envoy?  Was the Tang inviting some of them to come back?  Or just that they all left the court at the same time. The same month, Prince Kurikuma was once more made Governor of Tsukushi—or possibly made governor the first time, depending on whether or not you think the Chronicles are accurate or that they pulled the same event twice from different sources.  We are also told that Silla sent envoys with gifts that included a water buffalo and a copper pheasant for the sovereign. The 8th month of the year, we hear that Karu of Goguryeo and his people took their leave after a seven month long visit.  The court also entertained the Emishi.  Two months later, Silla sent Kim Manmol and others with more tribute, but this envoy likely found a different feeling at court. And that is because on the 18th day of the 8th month, the sovereign of Yamato, Naka no Oe, took to his bed, ill.  There was a ceremony to open the eyes of 100 Buddhas in the interior of the palace, and Naka no Oe sent messengers to offer to the giant Buddha of Houkouji a kesa, a golden begging-bowl, an ivory tusk, aloeswood, sandalwood, and various objects of value, but despite any spiritual merit that may have accrued, it didn't seem to work.  Naka no Oe's illness continued to grow more serious.  He would continue to struggle for another two months, until, on the 3rd day of the twelfth month, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, sovereign of Yamato, passed away. For all that we should be careful to avoid the “Great Man” theory of history, it is nonetheless hard to deny that Naka no Oe had an incredible impact on the country in his days.  From start to finish, while one could argue that many of the reforms were simply a matter of time as the archipelago absorbed more and more ideas from across the straits, Naka no Oe found himself in the middle of those reforms.  The Yamato State would never be the same, and he oversaw the birth of the Ritsuryo state, a new state nominally based on laws and rules, rather than just tradition.  It may not be entirely clear, but he also helped inculcate a new sense of the power of the sovereign and of the state, introducing new cultural imaginaries.  Yamato's reach wasn't just vague boasting, but by instituting the bureaucratic state they were able to actually expand the reach of the court farther than any time before. And through those changes, Naka no Oe had, in one way or another, been standing at the tiller.  Now, he was gone, as were many of his co-conspirators in this national project.  Which leaves us wondering:  What comes next? Well, we'll get to that, but not right now.  For now, let us close this episode with Naka no Oe's own end.   Next episode, we can get into the power struggles that followed, culuminating in an incident known as the Jinshin no Ran:  The Jinshin war. Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Following the death of Takara Hime, and the war on the Korean peninsula, Naka no Ōe was taking hold--or perhaps keeping hold--of the reins of government.  He wasn't finished with his changes to the government.  He also had a new threat--the Tang Empire.  They had destroyed Yamato's ally, Baekje, and defeated the Yamato forces on the peninsula.  While the Tang then turned their attention to Goguryeo, Yamato could easily be next.  The Tang had a foothold on the Korean peninsula, so they had a place to gather and launch a fleet, should they wish to bring Yamato into their empire. For more, especially to follow along with some of the names in this episode, check out our blogpost at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-125     Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 125: The Sovereign of Heavenly Wisdom The people of Baekje looked around at the strange and unfamiliar land.  They had fled a wartorn country, and they were happy to be alive, but refugee status was hardly a walk in the park.  Fortunately, they still knew how to farm the land, even if their homeland was hundreds of miles away, across the sea, and occupied by hostile forces.  Here, at least, was a land where they could make a home for themselves. Some of them had to wonder whether this was really permanent.  Was their situation just temporary until their kingdom was restored?  Or were they truly the last people of Baekje, and what would that mean? Either way, it would mean nothing if they didn't work the land and provide for their families.  And so, as with displaced people everywhere, they made the best of the situation.  They had been given land to work, and that was more than they could have asked for.  They might never return to Baekje, but perhaps they could keep a little of it alive for themselves and their descendants. Greetings, everyone, and welcome back.  Last episode we talked about the downfall of Baekje and the defeat of the Yamato forces at the battle of Hakusukinoe, also known as the Battle of Baekgang, in 663.  And yet, something else happened as well: the sovereign, Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, died as the Yamato forces were setting out.  Immediately Prince Naka no Oe took the reins of government.  He would be known to later generations as Tenji Tennou, with Tenji meaning something like “Heavenly Wisdom”. Now Prince Naka no Oe has been in the forefront of many of our episodes so far, so I'd like to start this episode out with a recap of what we've heard about him so far, as all of this is important to remind ourselves of the complex political situation.  I'm going to be dropping – and recapping – a lot of names, but I'll have many of the key individuals listed on the podcast website for folks who want to follow along.  I would note that this episode is going to be a summary, with some extrapolation by me regarding what was actually happening.  Just remember that history, as we've seen time and again, is often more messy and chaotic than we like, and people are more complex than just being purely good or evil.  People rarely make their way to the top of any social hierarchy purely through their good deeds.  To start with, let's go back to before the year 645, when Naka no Oe instigated a coup against Soga no Iruka and Soga no Emishi.  In the Isshi Incident, covered in Episode 106, Naka no Oe had Soga no Iruka murdered in court, in front of his mother, Takara Hime, when she sat on the throne the first time.  And yet, though he could have taken the throne when she abdicated in apparent shock, he didn't.  Instead, he took the role of “Crown Prince”, but this wasn't him just sitting back.  In fact, evidence suggests that he used that position to keep a strong hand on the tiller of the ship of state. Prior to the Isshi Incident of 645, the rule of the Yamato sovereign had been eroded by noble court families.  These families, originally set up to serve the court and its administration, had come to dominate the political structures of the court.  The main branch of the Soga family, in particular, had found its way to power through a series of astute political marriages and the support of a new, foreign religion:  Buddhism.  Soga no Iname, Emishi's grandfather, had married his daughters to the sovereigns, and thus created closer ties between the Soga and the royal line.  He also helped ensure that the offspring of those marriages would be the ones to take over as future sovereigns.  Soga no Iname, himself took the position of Oho-omi, the Great Omi, or the Great Minister, the head of the other ministerial families.  As Prime Minister, he held great sway over the day-to-day running of the court, and execution of much of the administration.  Much of this was covered in previous episodes, but especially episodes 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 98, 99, and 103. Soga no Umako, who succeeded his father as Oho-omi, was joined in his effort to administer the government by his grand-nephew, Prince Umayado, also known as Shotoku Taishi, son of Tachibana no Toyohi, aka Youmei Tennou, and thus grandson of Umako's sister, Kitashi-hime, and the sovereign known as Kimmei Tennou.  Umayado's aunt, sister to Tachibana no Toyohi, was Kashikiya Hime, or Suiko Tennou.  The three of them:  Soga no Umako, Prince Umayado, and Kashikiya Hime, together oversaw the development of Yamato and the spread of Buddhism.  Buddhism was also controversial at first, but they turned it into another source of ritual power for the state—ritual power that Soga no Umako, Prince Umayado, and even Kashikiya Hime were able to harvest for their own use. Unfortunately, the Crown Prince, Umayado, died before Kashikiya hime, suddenly leaving open the question of who would take the throne.  Soga no Umako himself, passed away two years before Kashikiya Hime.  When she in turn passed away, there was another struggle for the throne, this time between the descendants of Crown Prince Umayado and Soga no Umako.  Eventually, Soga no Umako's son and heir, Soga no Emishi, made sure that a more pliant sovereign, Prince Tamura, would take the throne, and Prince Umayado's own son, Prince Yamashiro no Oe, was cut out of the succession.  Soga no Emishi, serving as prime minister, effectively ran things much as his father had.  When Tamura diedhis queen, Takara Hime, took the throne, rather than passing it back to Umayado's line—no doubt with Emishi's blessing.  He was careful, however, not to provoke direct action against Yamashiro no Oe, possibly due to the reverence in which Yamashiro's father, Prince Umayado, aka the Buddhist Saint Shotoku Taishi, was held.  Meanwhile, Emishi appears to have been cultivating his grandson by way of Prince Tamura, Furubito no Oe, to eventually succeed to the throne, trying to duplicate what his own father Umako and even grandfather had been able to accomplish. Soga no Emishi's son, Soga no Iruka, was not quite so temperate, however.   Who would have thought that growing up at the top of the social hierarchy might make one feel a bit arrogant and entitled?   When Soga no Emishi was ill, Soga no Iruka took over as Prime Minister, and he didn't just stand back.  He decided that he needed to take out Furubito no Oe's competition, and so he went after Yamashiro no Oe and had him killed. Unfortunately for him, he apparently went too far.  There were already those who were not happy with the Soga family's close hold on power—or perhaps more appropriately, this particular line of the Soga family.  This kind of behavior allowed a group of discontented royals and nobility to gain support. According to the popular story recounted in the Nihon Shoki, the primary seed of resistance started with a game of kickball, or kemari.  Nakatomi no Kamako, aka Nakatomi no Kamatari, was the scion of his house, which was dedicated to the worship of the traditional kami of Yamato.  The Nakatomi were ritualists: in charge of chanting ritual prayers, or norito, during court ceremony.  This meant that their powerbase was directly challenged by the increasing role of Buddhism, one of the Soga patriarchs' key influences on the political system. Kamatari was feeling out the politics of the court, and seemed to be seeking the support of royal family members who could help challenge the powerful Soga ministers.  He found that support in two places.  First, in Prince Karu, brother to Takara Hime, the current sovereign, who had been on the throne ever since her husband, Tamura, had passed away.  And then there was the Prince Katsuraki, better known to us, today, as Prince Naka no Oe.  A game of kemari, where a group of players tried to keep a ball in the air as long as they could, using only their feet, was a chance to get close to the Prince.  When Naka no Oe's shoe flew off in the middle of the match, Kamatari ran over to retrieve it.  As he offered the shoe back to its owner, they got to talking, and one of the most impactful bromances in Yamato history was born. The two ended up studying together.  The unification of the Yellow River and Yangzi basin regions under the Sui and Tang, and the expansion of the Silk Road, had repercussions felt all the way across the straits in Yamato.  Naka no Oe and Kamatari were both avid students and were absorbing all that the continent had to throw at them about philosophy and good governance.  As is so often the case, it seems like idealistic students were the fertile ground for revolutionary new thoughts. There were problems implementing their vision, however.  Although the Nihon Shoki claims that Naka no Oe was the Crown Prince, that honor was probably given to Prince Furubito no Oe, who would have no doubt perpetuated the existing power structures at court.  This is something that the Chroniclers, or perhaps those before them, glossed over and may have even tried to retconned, to help bolster the case that Naka no Oe was actually working for the common good and not just involved in a naked power grab for himself.  There is also the question as to where Yamashiro no Oe had stood in the succession, as he likely had a fair number of supporters. With the destruction of Yamashiro no Oe's family, however, the balance of power shifted.  Although Soga no Emishi had long been an influential member of the court, and not solely because of his role as Prime Minister, Soga no Iruka was relatively new to power.  Yamashiro no Oe's family, in turn, likely had a fair number of supporters, and even neutral parties may have been turned off by Iruka's violent methods to suppress an opponent who had already been defeated politically.  Naka no Oe and Kamatari seem to have seized on this discontent againt the Soga, but they needed at least one other conspirator.  They achieved this by offering a marriage alliance with Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro, a lesser member of the Soga household, whose own immediate family had been supporters of Yamashiro no Oe, and so likely had plenty of grievances with his cousins.  Naka no Oe married Ishikawa no Maro's daughter, Wochi no Iratsume, also known as Chinu no Iratsume.  Together, these three—Naka no Oe, Kamatari, and Ishikawa no Maro—brought others into their plot, and finally, in 645, they struck.  Soga no Iruka was killed at court, in front of a shocked Takara Hime and Prince Furubito no Oe.  By the way, this is another thing that suggests to me that Furubito no Oe was the Crown Prince, because why was he front and center at the ceremony, while Naka no Oe was able to skulk around at the edges, tending to things like the guards?  After the assassination at the court – the Isshi Incident -- Naka no Oe gathered forces and went after Soga no Emishi, since they knew they couldn't leave him alive.  With both Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka dead, and Takara Hime having abdicated the throne in shock at what had just occurred, Naka no Oe could have taken the throne for himself.  However, in what was probably a rather astute move on his part, he chose not to.  He recognized that Furubito no Oe's claim to the throne was possibly stronger, and those who had supported the Soga would not doubt push for him to take the throne.  And so, instead, he pushed for his uncle, Prince Karu, to ascend as sovereign.  Karu was Takara Hime's brother, and they could use Confucian logic regarding deference to one's elders to support him.  Plus, Karu's hands weren't directly bloodied by the recent conflict. As for Prince Furubito, he saw the way that the winds were blowing.  To avoid being another casualty, he retired from the world, taking the vows of a Buddhist monk.  However, there were still supporters who were trying to put him on the throne and eventually he would be killed, to avoid being used as a rallying point. Prince Karu, known as Jomei Tennou, ruled for around a decade. During that time, Naka no Oe and his reformers helped to cultivate a new image of the state as a bureaucratic monarchy.  Naka no Oe was designated the Crown Prince, and Nakatomi no Kamatari was made the “Inner Prime Minister”, or Naidaijin.  Ishikawa no Maro was made the minister of the  Right, while Abe no Uchimaro was made Minister of the Left, and they ran much of the bureaucracy, but the Naidaijin was a role more directly attached to the royal household, and likely meant that Kamatari was outside of their jurisdiction, falling into a position directly supporting Naka no Oe.  They instituted Tang style rank systems, and set up divisions of the entire archipelago.  They appointed governors of the various countries, now seen as provinces, and made them report up to various ministers, and eventually the sovereign.  After all, if you were going to manage everything, you needed to first and foremost collect the data.  This period is known as the Taika, or Great Change, period, and the reforms are known as the Taika reforms, discussed in episode 108. They even built a large government complex in the form of the Toyosaki Palace, in Naniwa, though this may have been a bit much—for more, check out episodes 112 and 113. Years into the project, though, things seem to have soured, a bit.  Rumors and slander turned Kamatari against his ally, Ishikawa no Maro, resulting in the death of Ishikawa no Maro and much of his family.  Naka no Oe and other members of the royal family eventually abandoned the Naniwa palace complex, leaving now-Emperor Karu and the government officials there to run the day-to-day administration, while much of the court made its way back to the Asuka area.  Karu would later pass away, but the throne still did not pass to Crown Prince Naka no Oe, despite his title.  Instead, the throne went back to Takara Hime.  This was her second reign, and one of only two split reigns like this that we know of.  The Chroniclers, who were creating posthumous titles for the sovereigns, gave her two names—Kogyoku Tennou for her reign up to 645, and then Saimei Tennou for her second reign starting in 655.   During her latter reign, Naka no Oe continued to wield power as the Crown Prince, and the Chroniclers don't really get into why she came back into power.  It may be that Naka no Oe, in his role as Crown Prince, had more freedom: although the sovereign is purportedly the person in power, that position can also be limiting.  There are specific things which the sovereign is supposed to do, rituals in which they are expected to partake.  In addition, there were restrictions on who was allowed into the inner sanctum of the palace, and thus limits on who could interact with the sovereign, and how.  That meant that any sovereign was reliant on intermediaries to know what was going on in their state and to carry out their orders.  As Crown Prince, Naka no Oe may have had more flexibility to do the things he wanted to do, and he could always leverage the sovereign's authority. When Baekje was destroyed, and Yamato decided to go to their aid, Naka no Oe appears to have had a strong hand in raising forces and directing movements, at least within the archipelago.  When Takara Hime passed away rather suddenly, he accompanied her funerary procession much of the way back, and then returned to Tsukushi—Kyushu—to direct the war.   This is the same thing that Toyotomi Hideyoshi would do when he sent troops to Korea in the late 16th century.  Moving headquarters closer to the continent would reduce the time between messages.  Theoretically he could have moved out to the islands of Iki or Tsushima, but I suspect that there were more amenities at Tsukushi, where they even built a palace for Takara Hime—and later Naka no Oe—to reside in.  It was likely not quite as spectacular as the full-blown city that Hideyoshi developed in a matter of months, but the court could also leverage the facilities previously created for the Dazaifu. The war took time.  This wasn't like some “wars” that were more like specific military actions.  This was a war that dragged on for several years, with different waves of ships going over to transport people and supplies.  Things came to a head in the 9th month of 663, roughly October or November on the Western calendar.  The Baekje resistance was under siege, and their only hope was a fleet of Yamato soldiers coming to their aid.  The Yamato fleet met with a much smaller Tang fleet at the mouth of the Baek River—the Hakusukinoe.  They attempted to break through the Tang blockade, but the Tang had positional advantage and were eventually able to counterattack, destroying the Yamato fleet.  Without their relief, the Baekje resistance fell. The remnants of the Yamato army, along with those Baekje nobles that were with them, headed out, fleeing back to the archipelago.  One presumes that there may have been other Baekje nobles, and their families, who had already made the trip. After the entry describing this rout, on the 24th day of the 9th month of 663, we have a gap in the Chronicles of just a little more than 4 months.  We then pick up with Naka no Oe's government starting to look at internal affairs.  For one thing, we are told that he selected his younger brother, the Royal Prince Ohoama, as Crown Prince, and he made updates to the cap-rank system, changing it from 19 ranks to 26 ranks.  The first six ranks remained the same, but the name “kwa”, or “flower”, for the 7th through 10th ranks was changed to “Kin”, meaning “brocade”.  Furthermore, a “middle” rank was added between the Upper and Lower ranks, further distinguishing each group, and adding 6 extra ranks.  Finally, the initial rank, Risshin, was divided into two:  Daiken and Shouken.  We aren't told why, but it likely meant that they could have more granular distinctions in rank. At the same time that was going on, the court also awarded long swords to the senior members of the great families, and short swords to the senior members of lesser families.  Below that, senior members of the Tomo no Miyatsuko and others were given shields and bows and arrows.  Furthermore, the vassals, or kakibe, and the domestic retainers, or yakabe, were settled, to use Aston's translation.  The kanji used in the text appears to refer to settling a decision or standardizing something, rather than settling as in giving a place to live.  It seems to me to mean that the court was settling servants on families: determining what kind and how many servants that various houses could have based on their position in the hierarchy.  I can't help but notice that all of these gifts were very martial in nature.  That does not mean, of course, that they were necessarily because of the war over Baekje, nor that they were in response to the concern about a possible Tang invasion -- we've seen in the past where swords were gifted to people who had served the court --but it is hard not to connect these gifts with recent worries.  We also know that this year, Naka no Oe turned his focus on building defenses, setting up guards and beacon fires on the islands of Tsushima and Iki.   Should any unknown fleet be seen coming to the archipelago, the fires would alert the forces at Kyushu, so they could send word and prepare a defense. In addition, the court built an impressive defense for Tsukushi—for the Dazai itself, the seat of the Yamato government in Kyushu.  It is called the Mizuki, or Water Castle, though at the time “castle” was more about walls and fortifications than the standalone fortress we tend to think of, today.  Along those lines, the Mizuki was an earthen embankment, roughly 1.2 kilometers long, extending from a natural ridgeline to the west across the Mikasa river.  Archeological evidence shows it had a moat, and this line of fortifications would have been a line of defense for the Dazai, should anyone try to invade.  This construction was so large and impressive that you can still see it, even today.  It stands out on the terrain, and it is even visible from overhead photographs. In the third month of 664, we are told that Prince Syeongwang of Baekje and his people, were given a residence at Naniwa.  In fact, even though Baekje was no longer an independent kingdom, there appear to have been thousands of Baekje people now living in Yamato, unable to return home.  Many of these were former nobles of the Baekje court, which Yamato treated as a foreign extension of its own.  Resettling these people would be a major theme for the Chronicles, but we will also see, as we read further on, how their talents were leveraged for the state. Also in the third month, a star fell in the north—it says “in the north of the capital”, but I suspect that anywhere north, south, east, or west of the capital would have seen the same thing “in the north”.  There was also an earthquake, which isn't given any particular significance, beyond its mention as a natural phenomenon. On the 17th day of the 5th month of 664, so roughly 2 months later, we are told that Liu Jen'yuan, the Tang dynasty's general in Baekje, sent Guo Wucong  to Yamato with a letter and gifts.  We aren't told the contents of the letter, but one imagines that this may have been a rather tense exchange.  Yamato had just been involved in open warfare against Tang forces on the peninsula, and they still weren't sure if the Tang empire would come after them next.  Their only real hope on that front was Goguryeo, since the Tang and Silla were still trying to destroy the Goguryeo kingdom, and that may have kept the Tang forces tied up for a while.  No doubt Guo Wucong would have seen some of the defenses that Yamato was constructing during his visit. Guo Wucong would hang around for about seven and a half months.  He was given permission to take his leave on the 4th day of the 10th month.  Naka no Oe had his friend and Inner Prime Minister, Nakatomi no Kamatari send the Buddhist Priest, Chisho, with presents for Guo Wucong, and he and his officers were granted entertainments  before they left as well. Finally, Guo Wucong and his people returned to the Tang on the 12th day of the 12th month. While the delegation from the Tang was in Yamato, we are told of several tragedies.  First was that Soga no Murajiko no Oho-omi had passed away.  Soga no Murajiko appears to have been another son of Soga no Kuramaro, and thus brother to Soga no Ishikawa no Maro.  Unfortunately, we don't have much more on him in the record. Just a month later, we are told that the “Dowager Queen” Shima passed away.  Aston translates this as the Queen Grandmother, suggesting that she was Naka no Oe's grandmother. We are also told, that in the 10th month of 664, around the time that Guo Wucong was given leave to depart, that Yeon Gaesomun, the Prime Minister—though perhaps more correctly the despotic ruler—of Goguryeo, died.  It is said that he asked his children to remain united, but, well, even if we didn't know how it all turned out, I think we would look somewhat skeptically on any idea that they all did exactly as they were told.  Sure enough, in 667 we are told that Gaesomun's eldest son, Namseng, left the capital city of Pyongyang to tour the provinces, and while he was gone his younger brothers conspired with the nobility, and when he came back they refused to let him back in.  So Namseng ran off to the Tang court and apparently helped them destroy his own country. This is largely corroborated by other stories about Goguryeo, though the dates do seem to be off.  Tang records put Gaesomun's death around 666 CE, which the Samguk Sagi appears to follow, but on his tomb the date would appear to be 665.  Confusion like this was easy enough given the different dates and trying to cross-check across different regnal eras.  Sure, there were some commonalities, but it was very easy to miscount something. One last note from the twelfth month of 664—it seems that there were omens of apparent prosperity that came to the court from the island of Awaji.    First, there was rice that grew up in a farmer's pig trough.  The farmer's name is given as Shinuta no Fumibito no Mu, and Mu gathered this rice and stored it up, and thus, every day his wealth increased.  Then there was the bridal bed of Iwaki no Sukuri no Oho, of Kurimoto district.  They claimed that rice grew up at the head of his brides' mattress during her first night's stay with him.  And this wasn't just some brand new shoot, but overnight it formed an ear, and by the morning it bent down and ripened.  Then, the following night, another ear was formed.  When the bride went out into the courtyard, two keys fell down from heaven, and after she gave them to her husband, Oho, he went on to become a wealthy man. The exact purpose of these stories is unclear, but it seems to be that the Chroniclers are choosing to focus on stories of wealth and growth, which speak to how they wanted this reign as a whole, including the sovereign, to be remembered. However, more tragedy struck the following year, in 665,  when Hashibito, another Dowager Queen – this time the wife of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou - passed away on the 25th day of the 2nd month.  On the first day of the 3rd month, 330 people took Buddhist vows for her sake. We are also told that in the second month the ranks of Baekje were cross-referenced with the ranks of Yamato, and then ranks were given out to some of the Baekje nobles that had come over to Yamato.  Kwisil Chipsa, who was originally ranked “Dalsol” in Baekje, was accorded “Lower Shoukin”.  That was rank 12 of the 26.  In comparison, “Dalsol” seems to have been the 2nd rank of 16 in Baekje.  Along with handing out rank, over 400 Baekje commoners, both men and women, were given residence in the Kanzaki district in Afumi.  This appears to be an area along the Aichi river, running from the Suzuka Mountains, west towards Lake Biwa. The court granted them rice-lands in the following month.  At the same time, several high ranking Baekje nobles were put in charge of building castles at strategic points around the archipelago.  These included one castle in Nagato, as well as the castles of Ohono and Woyogi, in Tsukushi.  Two years later, in 667, we also see the building of Takayasu castle, in Yamato and Yashima castle in Yamada, in Sanuki—modern Kagawa, on Shikoku, facing the Seto Inland Sea passageway.  Kaneda castle in Tsushima was also a Baekje-built one. We mentioned something about these castles last episode.  They were in the Baekje style, and as I said, the term “castle” here is more about the walls, which were largely made of rammed earth ramparts.  This means that you pile up earth and dirt in a layer and then the laborers use tools specifically to tamp it down until it is thick and hard.  Then another layer is piled on top and the process is repeated.  These walls were often placed on mountain tops, and they would follow the terrain, making them places that were easy to defend.  Beyond that, they didn't necessarily have a donjon keep or anything like that—maybe a tower so that one could see a little further, but being at the top of a mountain usually provided all the visual cues that one needed. We know there were other castles made as well.  For example, I mentioned last week about Kinojo, in Okayama, the ancient Kibi area.  Kinojo is not mentioned in the Nihon Shoki, but it clearly existed back then, and matches the general description of a 7th century mountain castle as built in Baekje.  The name means Demon Castle, and there is a story about it that is connected to the local Kibitsu Jinja—the Shrine to Prince Kibi.  According to legend, Kibitsu Hiko, aka Prince Kibitsu or, perhaps more appropriately, the Prince of Kibi, came to the area around the time of the Mimaki Iribiko, so probably about the 3rd century, at the head of a large force.  Kibitsu Hiko had come to defeat the demon, Ura, who lived in the nearby castle, hence Kinojo, and legend says that he freed the people from the demon's rule. As I also mentioned, last week, this particular castle may have ended up in the Momotaro story.  There are those who believe that the story of Momotarou is based on the story of Prince Kibitsu Hiko, and his defeat of the so-called demon, “Ura”.   Certainly the story has grown more fantastical, and less connected to the ancient history of the Kibi region, but it still may have its origin in a much more standard legend of a founding prince of the ancient Kibi kingdom that was later changed into a fairy tale.   More likely, the castle was built by a Baekje nobleman, often thought to be a prince, who settled in the area.  There is the possibility that the demon's name “Ura” came from a mistranslation of his name, or it is also possible that he was unrelated to the story at all.  The Kibitsu Hiko legend may have incorporated the castle, Kinojo, at a later date, once people had forgotten when and why the castle was actually built. It would make sense if Kinojo had been built as part of the defenses for Yamato, as that area overlooks a large part of the fertile plains of Okayama and out beyond Kojima to the Seto Inland Sea -- it is perched over a key overland route from the western edge of Honshu to Yamato, and there would have been several ways to signal boats to put to sea to intercept forces on the water.  . This all suggests to me that Kinojo was probably part of Naka no Oe's castle-building effort, even if it isn't specifically remembered in the Chronicle.  But building castles wasn't enough to bring peace of mind that Yamato would survive a Tang invasion, and it is possibly as a defensive measure that Naka no Oe would go on to do something truly incredible—he would eventually move the capital from Asuka and Naniwa all the way to the shores of Lake Biwa itself, establishing the Ohotsu palace.  This was a truly extreme step that didn't endear Naka no Oe to the court, but it had several advantages.  For one thing, this move pulled the capital further away from the sea routes, meaning that if they were attacked, they had a more defensible position.  Even more so than Yamato, the Afumi region around Lake Biwa is surrounded by mountains, with a few narrow passes that restricted movement in and out. One of these is the famous Sekigahara, which remained a choke point even up to modern times.  The name even means the Field of the Barrier, indicating the barrier and checkpoint that had been set up there in ancient times.  Moving the capital also pulled the court away from some of the previous political centers, which may have been another feature that made it attractive to Naka no Oe.  Many capital moves have been made, at least in part, to get farther away from strong Buddhist temples, and this certainly would have moved things out of the Asuka region, which by now was a hotbed of Buddhist temple activity. But we'll talk about that all more, next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

1. Amoralyx: Hello 2. Double Medley: Crisps 3. Double Medley: Gamma Quant 4. Pendulum ft. Fresh & Spyda & Tenor Fly: Tarantula 5. Qo & Computerartist: Venom 6. Resslek ft. Freddy B: Timer 7. Qo & Computerartist ft. Vigilante: Spread The Fire 8. Gydra: 2025 9. Triamer & Nagato ft. Savage: Colombo ft. Kexit 10. Kexit: Turn It Back 11. Kexit: Hype 12. Mozey ft. Sofia: Run (Part 1) 13. Apokain: Techno 14. Sub Focus & Dimension ft. Nick Douwma, Stuart Hawkes, Robert Etheridge: Timewarp 15. Sub Focus: Rock It (Wilkinson rmx) 16. Delta Heavy: Ecstasy 17. Dirtyphonics & Circadian: You Want Me 18. Chase & Status x Bou: Baddadan (Extended mix) 19. Drummatix: Dukhi (Kexit Remake) 20. T & Sugah: Throw It Back 21. MK & Dom Dolla: Rhyme Dust (Dimension Extended rmx) 22. Dub Elements: Closer 23. Dub Elements ft. HackWaves: Incorregibles 24. Kexit & Katya Chekhova: Ya — Robot

Last time we spoke about the Battle of Leyte Gulf. General MacArthur's forces landed on Leyte, prompting a response from Admiral Toyoda. Kurita's 1st Striking Force was sent to attack Leyte Gulf, while Shima's force faced confusion and delays. Japanese naval forces were hit hard by American submarines, with significant losses including the sinking of the Atago and Maya. Despite efforts, Japanese counterattacks faltered. On October 24, American forces secured key positions, and MacArthur announced the re-establishment of the Philippine government amidst ongoing naval battles and air attacks. During the fierce Battle of Leyte Gulf, Musashi endured multiple torpedo and bomb hits from American aircraft but continued to fight as it took on severe flooding. Despite efforts from Kurita's fleet, Musashi was eventually abandoned and sank, marking the largest ship ever sunk by air attack. Nishimura's force faced relentless torpedo strikes and a decisive night battle, with the battleship Fuso and cruiser Mogami being heavily damaged or sunk. Ultimately, Nishimura's forces retreated, and the Americans achieved a significant victory. This episode is the Last Carrier Battle  Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Where we last left off during the Battle of Leyte Fulg, the 10th and 24th Corps had established successful beachheads at Palo-Tacloban and Dulag. In response, Admiral Toyoda launched Operation Sho-Go, mobilizing the full strength of the Imperial Japanese Navy to eliminate enemy warships and transports at sea. However, after losing three heavy cruisers to submarines, Admiral Kurita's 1st Striking Force faced severe damage from Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 38, culminating in the sinking of the battleship Musashi by the end of October 24. Shortly after the Sibuyan Sea engagement, Admiral Nishimura's Force C was annihilated by Admiral Kinkaid's 7th Fleet at the Surigao Strait. Despite these setbacks, Admiral Shima's 2nd Striking Force was approaching the area. Meanwhile, the Americans had identified Admiral Ozawa's decoy force by the end of the day. In response, the aggressive Admiral Halsey chose to leave San Bernardino Strait unguarded and pursue the depleted Japanese carrier force to the north, aiming to finish off the IJN. Unknown to him, Kurita, with four battleships, six heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and several destroyers, was advancing towards San Bernardino Strait to attack Kinkaid's transports and escort carriers from the rear. This set the stage for one of the final and largest naval battles of the Pacific War. To the north, as the Battle of Surigao Strait was in progress, radar-equipped aircraft from the Independence detected Admiral Matsuda's battleship carriers and later Ozawa's carriers in the early hours of October 25. However, due to a transmission error, the location of the Japanese forces was reported inaccurately. After the rendezvous of three of Halsey's four carrier task groups just before midnight on October 24, TF 38 headed north with every expectation of achieving a great victory. At 0100hrs on October 25, five radar-equipped aircraft flew off Independence to search out to a distance of 350NM. Contact was gained at 0205hrs on Force A and at 0235hrs on the Main Body. Because of a transmission error, the position of the Japanese forces was given incorrectly. The wrong position was plotted out some 120NM nearer to TF 38 than it actually was. In fact, TF 38 and Ozawa were actually about 210NM apart.  Despite this, Mitscher's carrier was readying for morning strikes while Admiral Lee's Task Force 34 was being reorganized. Meanwhile, Kurita's 1st Striking Force surprisingly navigated through San Bernardino Strait during the night without encountering resistance, proceeding towards Leyte Gulf and a confrontation with Rear-Admiral Thomas Sprague's escort carriers near Samar. However, the movement of Shima's force was not coordinated with Nishimura's. Shima designed his advance so he could attack separately from Nishimura's force. The gap between the forces was originally five hours, but Shima reduced this to two hours by the time his force began entering the strait. As he entered Surigao Strait on the night of October 24/25, Nishimura issued reports during the early part of his transit, which Shima received, but when he met serious resistance, the reports stopped. Shima was therefore unaware of the virtual annihilation of Nishimura's force. The only information available was gunfire flashes in the distance and snippets of radio traffic from Nishimura's ships under attack. Oldendorf was aware that a second force was moving to support Nishimura. The first firm indication of this was a contact report from the PT boats on Shima's force at 0038hrs. Oldendorf knew he was dealing with two widely spaced Japanese forces. Just as Nishimura was forced to deal with incessant PT boat attacks, now it was Shima's turn. These turned out to be more than a mere nuisance. Shima's introduction to combat came at about 0315hrs when PT-134 mounted an ineffective attack. One PT boat managed to hit the cruiser Abukuma with a torpedo at 03:25, causing a significant explosion and slowing her to 10 knots, forcing her to exit Shima's formation. As Shima advanced, he observed several ships ablaze and saw the destroyer Shigure retreat before detecting a radar contact 13,000 yards away. Without Shima's approval, his chief of staff ordered the two cruisers to maneuver for a torpedo strike against the distant and indistinct radar contacts. At 0422hrs Nachi and Ashigara each fired eight Type 93 torpedoes at the radar contacts. In fact, these were Oldendorf's flagship Louisville followed by Portland. Despite the element of surprise, the Japanese torpedo attack completely failed. Immediately after firing its torpedo broadside, Nachi faced disaster. The burning Mogami had loomed out of the darkness minutes before. Nachi's skipper failed to grasp that Mogami was underway, not stationary, and he failed to take proper measures to avoid the damaged cruiser. As Nachi was unable to pass forward of Mogami, the two ships side-swiped each other forward at 04:23. Frantic last-second maneuvers lessened the impact of the collision, but the result was still dramatic. Nachi took the worst of it, suffering a large gash in her bow at the waterline on her port side. Damage to the bow reduced her speed to 18 knots. Shima's four destroyers then continued north but failed to locate any targets. Fearing inevitable destruction, Shima decided to retreat south at 04:35. Although Oldendorf had dispatched his cruisers and destroyers to pursue the fleeing Japanese, his forces did not aggressively pursue, allowing Shima to escape. In the end, Oldendorf's pursuing cruisers only managed to catch the damaged Mogami and Asagumo, which they unsuccessfully attacked at 05:29. Despite sustaining additional hits, the Mogami continued to fight, escorted southwest by the destroyer Akebomo. The Asagumo, however, came under attack again at 07:02 and sank 19 minutes later. As Asagumo slipped under the waves, all that was left of Nishimura's force were hundreds of survivors in the water. Rescue efforts by at least four American destroyers resulted in only a handful being picked up. When one of Oldendorf's destroyer skippers asked at 07:35 what to do with the hundreds of men still in the water, Oldendorf simply replied, “Let them sink.” Japanese survivors who reached shore were, in many cases, killed by local inhabitants. While it seemed the Mogami might escape, Sprague's Taffy 1 group carriers launched their first strikes before 06:00. Four Avengers attacked the cruiser at 07:41 but failed to score any hits. Around 08:40, 21 aircraft also targeted Shima's force, but only inflicted minor strafing damage on the destroyer Shiranuhi. Before Sprague could continue his air attacks, new developments were occurring off Samar as Kurita's warships approached Rear-Admiral Clifton Sprague's Taffy 3 group. At 06:44, a lookout from the Yamato made visual contact, though he mistakenly identified the escorting destroyers as heavy cruisers and battleships.  Kurita's initial orders increased the confusion generated by the first contact at 06:44. He ordered “General Attack” at 07:03, meaning that each ship or division proceeded on its own against the Americans. This tactic abandoned any pretense of coordination between the various elements of the 1st Striking Force. Battleships Yamato and Nagato remained together, but Kongo and Haruna operated individually. For most of the engagement, the six heavy cruisers operated in three groups of two. The two destroyer flotillas, each led by a light cruiser, were kept to the rear by Kurita. He held his destroyers back to maintain their fuel reserves by not having them maneuver at high speeds, instead sending his heavy cruisers ahead to pursue at full speed. This precluded them from screening the heavy ships and kept them out of position to make a torpedo attack. The General Attack decision was a critical error. It resulted in a loss of control by Kurita and a melee for the next two hours. His rationale for ordering an immediate, but uncoordinated, attack was to close the range as quickly as possible and knock out the carriers' flight decks. Throughout the battle, Kurita maneuvered to keep the weather gauge; by so doing, he could prevent the carriers from turning into the wind to conduct flight operations. Meanwhile, an Avenger from Kadashan Bay sighted Kurita's force at 06:47 following radar contacts. Despite his surprise, Sprague immediately ordered Taffy 3 to head east, increased speed to 17.5 knots, directed every ship to lay smoke, and launched all available aircraft at 06:55. Realizing the gravity of the situation, Sprague began sending clear text messages at 07:01 to report his predicament and request assistance. Sprague's main objective was to delay the Japanese forces until reinforcements could arrive. To achieve this, he decided to use smoke screens and continuous air assaults, supported by Taffy 2's aircraft, to hinder Kurita's ships. As Kurita's cruisers advanced north, Sprague opted to maneuver southwest, moving closer to Leyte Gulf and the potential assistance from the 7th Fleet. Starting at 06:59, Kurita's battleships began firing from long range, with their salvos becoming more frequent and accurate. To mitigate this pressure, Sprague directed his forces into a rain squall from 07:06 to 07:15. Once clear of the squall, he changed course southward towards the approaching help from Leyte Gulf. Meanwhile, as Kurita's ships continued east before turning south, the range of Sprague's carriers was extended, and the rain and smoke impaired the accuracy of the Japanese gunners. Sprague also ordered his three destroyers to launch a torpedo counterattack to shield the escort carriers as they emerged from the squall. The Johnston, charging through enemy fire, engaged the cruiser Kumano with gunfire to close the distance for a torpedo attack. At 10,000 yards, the Johnston fired all ten of its torpedoes, scoring a critical hit that slowed the cruiser and forced it to retreat. It was inevitable that Evans would pay a price for approaching so close to a collection of enemy cruisers and battleships. This came at 0730hrs in the form of three large shells (possibly fired from Yamato) and a number of smaller shells that struck Johnston. The armor-piercing shells failed to explode, but damage was extensive. The aft machinery room was destroyed, which reduced speed to 17 knots. Most of the 5in./38 guns were knocked out, but after repairs were made during a providential 10-minute respite as a squall passed over, three were brought back online. The battleship evaded the torpedoes at 07:33 and retaliated with devastating gunfire against the Hoel. By 07:30, all operational aircraft were airborne, prompting Sprague to order the initial attacks on the heavy cruisers approaching his port quarter. Unrelenting American air attacks were the main reason for the Japanese defeat. Taffy aircrews were not highly trained for maritime attack, and torpedoes or armor-piercing bombs were in short supply. Most Avengers were launched with bombs instead of more effective torpedoes for two reasons. Torpedoes took more time and preparation to load, and the deck crews on Taffy 3 did not have the luxury of time. Also, once loaded with a heavy torpedo, the Avengers could only be launched if the escort carrier steamed into the wind. Moving downwind, like Taffy 3 was forced to do for most of the action, did not get enough wind across the flight deck. The first attacks by Taffy 3 aircraft were conducted in groups of two or three with aircraft not properly armed for attacking ships. Because Taffy 3 could not steam into the wind while being pursued by Kurita's force, recovering aircraft during the battle was impossible. When they ran out of ordnance or fuel, they had to land on Taffy 2 or fly 100NM to the newly opened airfield at Tacloban. Even when lightly armed or unevenly unarmed, the aircraft made unceasing strafing runs in the case of the Wildcats or dummy bombing runs in the case of the Avengers. These attacks were poorly coordinated, but the Japanese, on the receiving end of incessant attacks, saw it differently. After the battle, Kurita and others commented that the attacks were well coordinated, skillful, and aggressive. At 07:35, ten Avengers struck the cruiser Suzuya just as Vice-Admiral Shiraishi Kazutaka was boarding, scoring a near miss that reduced her speed to 20 knots and took her out of the battle. The damaged Hoel then attempted a second torpedo attack on the heavy cruiser Haguro at 07:50 but failed to hit the target. However, this attack forced the Superbattleship Yamato to open fire at 0659hrs. Her third salvo straddled White Plains, with one of the shells striking the carrier and causing some underwater damage. Around 0800hrs, to evade torpedoes fired from Hoel aimed at Haguro, Yamato turned due north. This evasive maneuver forced her to the north for almost ten minutes until the torpedo tracks disappeared, placing her at the rear of Kurita's formation and effectively removing her from the battle for a period. Nagato opened fire at 0701hrs at a carrier assessed to be 36,000 yards away. After the three salvos, the battleship stopped firing having hit nothing. At 07:54, the Heermann launched seven torpedoes at Haguro, but they missed. Destroyer escorts Samuel B. Roberts, Raymond, and Dennis also joined in the attack but also failed to score hits, though they managed to escape unharmed. The Heermann subsequently launched a second torpedo attack on the Haruna at 08:00, but once again, none of the torpedoes hit their mark. Despite using smoke and evading shell splashes, the Heermann avoided damage. The first ship to succumb to the barrage of Japanese shellfire was the crippled Hoel. After her run against Haguro, and only able to make 17 knots, she was trapped between Kongo on one side and four heavy cruisers on the other. Using every possible method to evade the storm of shells directed against his ship, Kintberger survived for well over an hour after the first hit was recorded. Hoel took as many as 23 hits, but the actual number will never be known since most passed through the ship without exploding. The final engine was knocked out at 0830hrs, bringing the ship to a halt. As the crew abandoned ship under continued fire, the Hoel finally rolled over at 08:55. Meanwhile, the Japanese cruisers continued to close in on the escort carriers. Under fire from the battleships, Sprague's initial course was to the eastsoutheast at full speed—17.5 knots. As the Japanese heavy cruisers began to pressure his formation's port quarter, Sprague was forced to alter course to the southwest. Kalinin Bay was at the rear of the formation. She took a battleship shell at 0750hrs (probably from Haruna) that went through the hangar deck and out of her unarmored hull. As many as 14 other hits followed, all probably from 8in. shells. Kalinin Bay retaliated against the cruisers at 18,000 yards with her aft 5in./38 gun. The smoke generated from all six carriers and from the destroyers and destroyer escorts on their starboard quarter succeeded in hiding the carriers from direct Japanese observation for much of the battle. The Japanese shot slowly and methodically with four-gun salvos, allowing the escort carriers to chase salvos. The smoke and evasive maneuvering kept damage to a minimum, but of the six escort carriers, four were eventually hit. Fanshaw Bay took six 8in. hits, all forward, that killed three and wounded 20. White Plains took a probable 6in. hit and suffered light damage. Kitkun Bay was not hit but suffered several personnel casualties from near misses. St. Lo suffered no damage during the battle. The Gambier Bay bore the brunt of enemy fire, with an initial shell igniting a fire at 08:10. Ten minutes later, a devastating hit reduced her speed to 11 knots and forced the carrier to lag behind the rest of the formation. At 08:22, Yamato reentered the fray, intensifying the assault on the carrier. Heermann closed on the carrier at 0841hrs to find her burning and listing 20°. Continued Japanese fire resulted in more hits, with most of the armor-piercing shells passing through the ship. Hit by as many as 26 shells from Yamato, Haruna, and several cruisers, Gambier Bay went dead in the water at 0845hrs; five minutes later, the captain gave the order to abandon ship. Gambier Bay capsized at 0907hrs, one of only two carriers sunk by gunfire during the entire war. Meanwhile, at 08:26, Sprague ordered the destroyer escorts on the starboard side of the formation to position themselves between the carriers and the Japanese heavy cruisers on their port side. As John C. Butler and Dennis engaged the enemy cruisers, the latter sustained minor damage from two hits. Samuel B. Roberts also was struck at 0850hrs. At 0900hrs, the destroyer escort was hit by two or three 14in. shells from Kongo. The large shells tore a huge hole in the side of the ship and knocked out all power. A total of six shells hit the ship. This prompted an order to abandon ship at 0910hrs for the crew of 178. Half (89 of them) did not survive. Samuel B. Roberts sank at 1005hrs. During this time, Rear-Admiral Kimura Masatomi instructed his destroyers to launch a torpedo attack at 08:45, targeting Kalinin Bay. Fortunately, Johnston detected the new threat and made a daring suicide charge through the smoke. Evans engaged Yahagi with gunfire at 7,000 yards, and several hits were gained. Then Evans engaged the next destroyer in column, again claiming several hits. Kimura ordered his torpedoes fired from about 10,500 yards—not an ideal range for even the formidable Type 93. Yahagi launched seven torpedoes at 0905hrs, followed by three destroyers beginning at 0915hrs, Urakaze fired four, Isokaze eight, and Yukikaze four. Evans may have been responsible for Kimura's premature torpedo attack, but now his ship was about to pay the ultimate price. The Japanese destroyers and Yahagi took Johnston under fire, joined by as many as three heavy cruisers. The hits began to pile up. By 0920hrs, Evans was reduced to conning the ship by yelling orders through an open hatch on the fantail to men below turning the rudder manually. At 0945hrs, Evans finally gave the order to abandon ship. The Japanese destroyers closed in and continued to pound the wreck. After an epic fight, Johnston rolled over and sank at 1010hrs. Most of the crew of 327 got into the water, but 186, including Evans, were lost. Meanwhile, Rear-Admiral Felix Stump's Taffy 2 group began their strikes against Kurita's fleet, with 15 Avengers and 20 Wildcats successfully hitting the Haguro with a bomb at 08:25. Five minutes later, six Avengers and 20 Wildcats from Taffy 3 joined forces with 16 Avengers and 8 Wildcats from Taffy 2 to launch a major assault on the enemy cruisers. At 08:50, the Chokai was attacked, and by 09:05, it had sustained severe damage from a bomb hit. The destroyer Fujinami arrived to assist at 10:18, but by then, the cruiser was immobilized. The destroyer evacuated the crew and sank the Chokai with torpedoes. At 08:54, four Avengers targeted the Chikuma, landing a critical torpedo hit that caused significant flooding. With American aircraft focusing on the Japanese warships, Kurita decided to withdraw at 09:11, planning to regroup and return to Leyte Gulf. Another attack against Suzuya was mounted at 1050hrs by as many as 30 aircraft. This time, a near miss amidships turned deadly. Shrapnel from the bomb ignited the torpedoes in the starboard forward mount, igniting a fire that caused other torpedoes to explode at 1100hrs. The explosion caused extensive damage to the secondary battery and the machinery, which left the ship unmaneuverable. For a second time in the morning, Vice Admiral Shiraishi had to transfer, this time to Tone. The fires reached the remaining torpedoes, with a large explosion resulting at 1200hrs. In turn, this caused the magazine of the secondary battery to explode, and soon the entire ship was an inferno. Surviving crewmen were taken off by destroyer Okinami after the order to abandon ship was given at 1300hrs, and at 1320hrs Suzuya sank. Twohundred forty-seven men were lost. The Tone suffered a bomb hit at 12:40, and three minutes later, Noshiro experienced minor damage from near misses. The destroyer Nowaki was tasked with rescuing Chikuma's crew and then scuttling the crippled cruiser, which was completed by 11:00. Due to these air attacks and fearing total destruction if the battle continued, Kurita signaled Toyoda at 12:36 to abandon the attack on Leyte Gulf and began his retreat north. During this withdrawal, Kurita's force faced attacks from 37 Avengers and 19 Wildcats at 12:45, resulting in only minor damage to Nagato and Tone. Subsequent strikes by Stump's carriers were also ineffective, but Sprague's carriers' total of 441 sorties that day was a notable accomplishment. At 13:15, 100 aircraft from Admiral McCain's carrier, which had been recalled on October 24 and were now arriving in the area, launched one of the longest carrier strikes of the war. Despite their efforts, they were unable to inflict additional damage. A follow-up strike at 15:00 with 52 planes also failed, allowing Kurita to escape. Tremendously outgunned, the commander of Taffy 3, Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague, began to plead for help minutes into the battle. As Kurita pressed his advantage, these pleas became more urgent. In response, Oldendorf recalled his advance guard at 0723hrs. Kinkaid ordered Oldendorf to bring his entire force north at 0847hrs to assist the escort carriers. He formed a task force of the battleships California, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania, because they had the most armor-piercing shells remaining. They were escorted by three heavy cruisers and 20 destroyers with 165 torpedoes. The next strike consisting of ten Avengers, each with two 500lb bombs instead of torpedoes, escorted by five Wildcats, all from Ommaney Bay, went after Mogami. The Avenger pilots claimed five hits on the cruiser; in fact, only two bombs struck the ship. By the time the attack concluded at 0910hrs, Mogami was dead in the water after the failure of her last turbine. New fires raged beyond control and the danger of the forward 8in. magazine exploding (the others had been flooded) put the entire crew in danger. After evacuating the remaining crew, the Akebono scuttled Mogami at 13:07, resulting in the loss of 191 men. Additionally, in the morning, Taffy 1 faced Admiral Onishi's first kamikaze attack. The first ship to be attacked was Santee. At 0740hrs, a kamikaze commenced its dive, gained complete surprise, and encountered no antiaircraft fire before hitting the ship forward on the flight deck. Fires from the resulting explosion were quickly put out, but not before 43 men had been killed or wounded. Within five minutes of the fires being extinguished, submarine I-56 slammed a torpedo into the ship. The converted tanker shook it off with no casualties and no loss of capability. The final aircraft also selected Petrof Bay but ended up going after Suwannee after it was damaged by antiaircraft fire. It struck the carrier on the flight deck forward of the aft aircraft elevator. The Zero's 551lb bomb exploded, creating a hole on the hangar deck. The fires were put out within minutes, and within two hours flight operations had resumed. The suicide pilots approached the remaining five escort carriers at low level before popping up to altitude a few miles from their target. At this point they were detected on radar, but no interception by defending Wildcats was possible. At 1049hrs, Kitkun Bay was attacked by a single Zero. The pilot failed to hit the carrier's bridge, but his aircraft hit the port-side catwalk before crashing into the sea. The ship incurred damage when the Zero's bomb exploded close alongside. Two more suicide aircraft were dispatched by antiaircraft fire. The last two Zeros selected White Plains for their attentions. One came in from astern but missed the ship after crashing into the water close aboard the port side. The other was deterred by antiaircraft fire and headed toward St. Lo. The last kamikaze was the most skillful. At 1053hrs, the Zero came in over the stern of St. Lo and dropped his bomb before performing a shallow dive into the flight deck amidships. The aircraft slid off the bow, leaving a trail of fire on the flight deck from its fuel. The fire was no problem to deal with, but the bomb penetrated the flight deck and exploded in the hangar deck, where six aircraft were being fueled and armed. The resulting explosion forced the ship to be abandoned, and 32 minutes after being struck, the ship sank with 114 crewmen after the fires reached its magazines. St. Lo was the first ship sunk by kamikaze attack. At 1110hrs, another four kamikazes appeared and selected Kalinin Bay for attack. Two were shot down by antiaircraft fire. The other pair both scored glancing hits. One Zero was hit by antiaircraft fire, remained in control, and then hit the flight deck at a shallow angle and slid overboard. The second hit the ship with a glancing blow aft. Looking north, despite losing contact with Ozawa's force overnight, Mitscher decided to launch an initial strike of 130 aircraft, led by Commander McCampbell, by 06:00. At the same time, he dispatched search aircraft, which reestablished contact with Ozawa's now reunited Main Body at 07:10. The American strike was then directed toward the enemy, and McCampbell's planes successfully located Ozawa's carriers at 08:10, beginning their assault. Despite encountering 13 Zeros on combat air patrol, the Helldivers struck first at 08:30, targeting the enemy carriers. They were followed by strafing Hellcats and torpedo-armed Avengers. The hour-long attack resulted in significant damage: Zuikaku was hit by three bombs and one torpedo, leading to fires, flooding, and a severe list; Zuiho sustained a single bomb hit causing fires on the hangar deck; Chitose was heavily damaged by three near misses that ruptured its unarmored hull, causing flooding and a severe list, and it sank at 09:37 with 904 casualties; the light cruiser Tama was torpedoed and had to make its way to Okinawa for repairs; the cruiser Oyodo suffered light damage from a bomb hit; and the destroyer Akizuki was hit amidships, caught fire, and broke apart before sinking following a major explosion. As this attack unfolded, Mitscher launched a second wave of 36 aircraft, which arrived at the target area around 09:45. Under McCampbell's coordination, these planes focused on the carrier Chiyoda, which was hit by one bomb and several damaging near misses that caused flooding and a list, ultimately bringing the carrier to a halt. Simultaneously, he deployed search aircraft, which reestablished contact with Ozawa's now reunited Main Body at 07:10. With the American strike directed towards this position, McCampbell's planes successfully located the enemy at 08:10 and began their assault on Ozawa's carriers. The Japanese were aware of the impending arrival of the initial strike, since radar aboard Zuikaku had detected the American aircraft at 08:04 about 110NM to the southwest. Four Zeros were already on CAP; these were joined by the last nine fighters on Zuikaku. Such a meager CAP meant that survival of Ozawa's ships depended on their ability to throw up accurate anti-aircraft fire and maneuver adeptly under dive-bombing and torpedo attack. According to American pilots, Japanese anti-aircraft fire was heavy and began with a display of multi-colored explosions at 15NM out as Ise and Hyuga fired sanshiki-dan incendiary shells from their 14in. main battery. The small Japanese CAP raced toward the approaching American formation, but the escorting Hellcats prevented them from reaching the Helldivers or Avengers. Essex Hellcats claimed nine Zeros, but one Hellcat was shot down and its pilot left in the water to witness the unfolding attack; he was rescued after the battle. The Helldivers launched the initial attack on the enemy carriers at 08:30, followed by strafing runs from Hellcats and then torpedo attacks from Avengers. Zuikaku came under attack from dive-bombers and torpedo bombers from Intrepid, and two light carriers. Five minutes into the attack, Zuikaku was hit by three bombs amidships, which created a fire on the lower and upper hangar decks. Just minutes later, a torpedo launched by an Avenger from either Intrepid or San Jacinto struck the ship on her port side. One of the engine rooms was flooded, and one of the shafts was damaged and had to be shut down. The ensuing flooding caused a severe list, but this was quickly corrected to a manageable 6°. The veteran carrier had an experienced and capable damage-control team. By 0850hrs, the fires were extinguished, and 23 knots were restored using the starboard shafts. However, steering was uneven, and the ship's transmitters were out of commission. Since she was no longer suitable as a flagship, plans were made to transfer Ozawa and his staff to cruiser Oyodo. Before this could happen, the second strike showed up.  Zuiho was caught out of formation launching aircraft when the first attack began. Enterprise's strike group targeted the veteran light carrier known to her crew as a lucky ship, since she had survived three earlier carrier battles. Reports from Enterprise air crew stated that the carrier was left dead in the water and on fire. In exchange, one Enterprise Avenger was seriously damaged by antiaircraft fire and was rolled over the side of the carrier when it landed back onboard. Another Enterprise Hellcat was lost to Zero attack. Intrepid Helldivers also selected Zuiho for attack and claimed hits. In fact, Zuiho suffered three near misses followed by a direct bomb hit at 0835hrs. The explosion caused fires on the hangar deck, but these were out by 0855hrs. After the dive-bombers did their work, torpedo bombers from Essex and Lexington attacked Zuiho, but no hits were gained. Light carrier Chitose was crippled early and was the first of Ozawa's carriers to sink. At 0835hrs, she was attacked by dive-bombers from Essex and Lexington. Helldivers from Essex reported dropping 12 bombs and claimed 8 hits, leaving the carrier burning and listing. In fact, Chitose suffered three near misses along her port side. This was enough to rupture the carrier's unarmored hull. The resulting flooding knocked out two boiler rooms and caused a severe 27° list. Damage-control efforts reduced the list and kept power, but steering was only accomplished by using the engines. At 0915hrs, progressive flooding knocked out the starboard engine room and speed fell below 14 knots. Ten minutes later, flooding caused all power to be lost and the list increased to a dangerous 30°. Hyuga was directed to tow the carrier, but her condition was beyond salvage. Chitose sank at 0937hrs with the loss of 904 officers and men; another 601 were saved. Light cruiser Tama was attacked by torpedo bombers from Belleau Wood and San Jacinto. One torpedo hit the ship in her boiler room. After emergency repairs, the cruiser was ordered to proceed independently to Okinawa at her best speed of 14 knots.  Oyodo was also subjected to attack and was slightly damaged. At 0848hrs, she was struck by a bomb and two rockets and recorded near misses from bombs. The cruiser's speed was unimpaired. Large destroyer Akizuki also came under attack from aircraft in the first strike. At 0842hrs the ship was struck amidships and set afire. The ship lost power and fell out of formation. Within minutes, a large explosion was noted amidships and at 0856hrs Akizuki broke in two and quickly sank. The cause was either a torpedo or a bomb hit that detonated torpedoes in the amidships torpedo mount. The commanding officer and 150 officers and men were pulled out of the water before more air attacks forced destroyer Maki to abandon rescue operations. Meanwhile, as this attack unfolded, Mitscher launched a second strike of 36 aircraft, which reached the target area around 09:45. Coordinated by McCampbell, these planes focused on the carrier Chiyoda, which was hit by one bomb and several near misses, resulting in flooding and a severe list, ultimately bringing the carrier to a halt. The climax of Halsey's battle of annihilation against the Main Body should have been an engagement by Task Force 34 with six of the world's most powerful battleships. But this was never to be. The plight of the escort carriers off Samar brought a flurry of urgent pleas to Halsey for assistance. These began at 07:07 with a plain text message from Kinkaid. In response, Halsey ordered Task Group 38.1 to steam west from Ulithi to support Kinkaid, but otherwise remained focused on crushing Ozawa with the rest of Task Force 38. This changed when Nimitz weighed in at 10:00 with an inquiry on the location of Admiral Lee's battleships, which finally prompted Halsey to order Task Force 34, supported by Task Group 38.2, south at 10:15. At this point, Task Force 34 was some 42NM away from Ozawa's remnants. This order was executed at 11:15 when the battleships turned south, yet the change of orders came too late. Even at their best speed, the battle line could not arrive off San Bernardino Strait until about 01:00 on October 26. At 13:45, Task Force 34 also slowed from 20 to 12 knots to fuel destroyers, something that took until 16:22.  By noon, as Ozawa transferred to the Oyodo, Mitscher launched his third strike. Launched between 1145hrs and1200hrs, the third strike was the largest and most effective of the day. It was active over the target area from about 1310hrs to 1400hrs with some 200 aircraft, 75 percent of which had taken part in the initial strike in the morning. The strike coordinator was Commander T. Hugh Winters from Lexington. By this point, the Main Body's formation was in a shambles. Two carriers were located to the north with a battleship and what was reported as two cruisers. Another carrier was located some 20NM to the south on fire and listing. A second battleship, a cruiser, and a destroyer were nearby the crippled carrier. Winters ordered TG 38.3's 98 aircraft from Essex, Lexington, and Langley, to go after the two operational carriers. Aircraft from Lexington focused on Zuikaku. By 1100hrs, Ozawa had departed his flagship and transferred to Oyodo. The nine surviving Zeros on CAP were forced to ditch around 1030hrs, so for the rest of the day the Americans faced no air opposition. Zuikaku worked up to 24 knots shortly after the third strike was spotted at 1308hrs. The attack by Helldivers and Avengers was well coordinated, with the Avengers coming in from both bows in an anvil attack. In less than ten minutes, Zuikaku was subjected to six torpedo hits—two on the starboard side and four on the port side. The first was a hit at 1315hrs that failed to detonate. The last of the six hit at 1323hrs. Within minutes of the last torpedo hit, the mighty carrier was listing to port by 14° and was dead in the water after all power was lost. In addition to the torpedoes, four bombs hit the ship, which resulted in renewed fires on the hangar decks. At 1327, with the list increasing to 21°, the crew was ordered up to the flight deck. The captain gave a final address and then the ensign was lowered. Finally, after this touch of the dramatic, the crew was ordered to abandon ship at 1358hrs. The ship rolled over at 1414hrs and took the captain, 48 other officers, and 794 enlisted men with her. Essex's strike focused on Zuiho. When aircraft from TG 38.4 arrived, including Enterprise's second strike of six Hellcats, ten Helldivers, and five Avengers, most were also directed at Zuiho at 1310hrs followed by more at 1330hrs. At 1317hrs, the carrier was hit by one torpedo on her starboard quarter. According to Japanese accounts, one small bomb hit the aft elevator, followed by seven very close near misses, and then 60 more near misses. Bomb fragments caused flooding in the starboard engine room and created a 13° list.  Mitscher's fourth strike, launched around 13:15 and reaching the target area by 14:45, involved 40 aircraft but only achieved ten near misses on the Zuiho and four near misses on the battleship Ise. Despite this, the Zuiho ultimately sank at 15:26, with 215 men lost. At 16:10, Mitscher launched his fifth strike, while a strong surface force under Rear-Admiral Laurance DuBose closed in on Chiyoda to finish her off. DuBose's force first encountered Chiyoda dead in the water with light cruiser Isuzu nearby preparing to rescue survivors. Isuzu quickly fled, leaving the heavy cruisers to open fire at Chiyoda at 1624hrs from some 20,000 yards. The carrier responded with her 5in. dual-purpose guns, but against a stationary target the American cruiser scored quickly and often and after 15 minutes the carrier was a mass of flames. A towering column of black smoke marked Chiyoda's final moments. At 1655hrs, the carrier rolled over—there were no survivors from her crew of 970 men.  Between 17:10 and 17:40, the fifth strike, consisting of 85 aircraft, targeted the Ise. However, due to pilot fatigue, only one bomb hit the battleship, with 34 near misses causing minor flooding. The sister ship, Hyuga, which was positioned south of the Main Body, experienced seven near misses but no direct hits. Mitscher then launched a final strike of 36 aircraft at 17:10, which reached the target area about an hour later but failed to cause further damage. Overall, Task Force 38 executed 527 sorties against Ozawa's force that day, marking the most intense effort by fast carriers against naval targets up to that point. Despite the lack of significant air opposition and heavy but largely ineffective anti-aircraft fire, the results were underwhelming. The limited damage can be attributed to heavy anti-aircraft fire, effective ship maneuvering, and pilot fatigue from previous attacks on the Sibuyan Sea. The Battle off Cape Engaño was not over yet. As DuBose's mop-up force continued north, they encountered three destroyers rescuing survivors from Zuikaku and Zuiho. At 18:52, DuBose's light cruisers engaged the Hatsuzuki, which tried to resist but was ultimately destroyed by the intense gunfire, sinking at 20:59. DuBose ceased his pursuit at 21:30. This decision was timely, as Hatsuzuki's distress calls led Ozawa to advance south with three battleships and one destroyer at 20:41. Finding no targets, Ozawa turned back at 23:30, bringing the battle to an end. On his retreat, two wolf packs were lying in wait. Although Ise avoided significant damage from a powerful torpedo attack at 18:44,  the Tama, already damaged, wasn't as fortunate. The cruiser was proceeding independently to Okinawa at 14 knots after taking a torpedo in the first air attack. Jallao's skipper fired three torpedoes from her bow tubes, but they all missed. He quickly lined up another shot with the four stern tubes. Three of the four hit, and two exploded. The damage was catastrophic, causing Tama to break in two and quickly sink. There were no survivors from the crew of some 450 men. Meanwhile, Halsey had dispatched the fastest ships from his battle line at 16:22 in a last-ditch effort to intercept Kurita's force before it could navigate the San Bernardino Strait. However, they arrived too late, as aircraft from Independence detected Kurita's force moving through the strait at 21:40. The only ship that did not make it was the destroyer Nowaki, which, overloaded with survivors from Chikuma, was attacked by the American forces at 00:54 on October 26 and was swiftly sunk by 01:32. During this time, General Krueger's offensive persisted with General Sibert's 10th Corps and General Hodge's 24th Corps making steady progress inland. To the north, cavalry units secured San Juanico Strait, while Colonel Newman's 3rd Battalion captured Hill C and Colonel Chapman's 2nd Battalion took Hill B despite heavy resistance. Additionally, Chapman's 1st Battalion secured Hill 85, and the majority of the 3rd Battalion advanced towards Castilla, 8000 yards southwest of Palo. Further south, a patrol from the 383rd Regiment reached the Binahaan River and linked up with Chapman's Company K; the 382nd Regiment pushed beyond Aslom and Kanmonhag; Colonel May's Company K attempted, but failed, to capture Tabontabon; the 17th and 184th Regiments consolidated their newly captured positions on Burauen while sending patrols towards Dagami; and the 32nd Regiment made some headway toward the Buri airstrip but was still unable to capture it. By October 26, Shima's two heavy cruisers and two destroyers had successfully evaded several PT boat attacks and made their escape. However, the damaged cruiser Abukuma, under the protection of destroyer Ushio, was struck by 43 B-24 heavy bombers in the Sulu Sea. Usually high-altitude attacks on ships were totally ineffective, so the bombers came in at an altitude of about 6,500ft. In the first attack, Abukuma took a direct hit in the area of her bridge at 1006hrs and another aft. The second group of bombers scored a damaging near miss forward, and then a direct hit aft that knocked out one of the shafts and the steering equipment. The resulting fires spread to the engine rooms and the torpedo mounts located aft. When the fires reached the torpedoes, four exploded at 1037hrs. A third attack at 1044hrs brought only near misses. Abukuma was mortally damaged but remained afloat long enough for 284 of the crew to leave the ship. The veteran cruiser, part of the force that attacked Pearl Harbor, sank at 1242hrs with the loss of 220 men (added to the loss of 37 from the torpedo hit from the PT boat). As they came in at a lower altitude, Abukuma and Ushio were able to account for three bombers in this action.  On the same day, kamikaze attacks resumed against Taffy 1. Three Zeros penetrated the CAP and attacked Suwannee, which had completed repairs from the prior day's suicide attack. One Zero hit the flight deck and smashed into a group of ten aircraft parked on the bow. The aircraft were quickly engulfed in flames that spread down into the hangar bay, where another ten fueled aircraft were preparing to be brought up to the flight deck. The resulting fires on the hangar deck were put out, followed two hours later by the fire on the flight deck. The crew paid a high price for saving their ship— 85 dead, 58 missing, and 102 wounded. Other kamikazes selected Sangamon and Petrof Bay for attack; both carriers reported being near-missed. The initial success of the kamikaze attacks, including one carrier sunk and five damaged, gave the Japanese hope that they had found a way to halt the American naval advance. This marked the beginning of the Kamikaze era in the Pacific War. As Kurita's force moved through the Sibuyan Sea, Admirals McCain and Bogan launched a strike at 06:00 with 257 aircraft. Despite this effort, the exhausted pilots managed only three bomb hits on Kumano, causing moderate damage. Aircraft from Wasp and Cowpens also found Kurita's main force. Noshiro was able to evade six torpedoes aimed at her, but at 0852hrs one struck with devastating effect. The ship lost all power and within minutes developed a 26° list to port. The next attack was conducted by aircraft from Hornet. A second torpedo hit the lightly protected cruiser at 1039hrs, and at 1113hrs she sank bow first. By this point, Kurita's destroyers were down to their last few tons of fuel, forcing them to reduce speed. Destroyers had to shift fuel among themselves to reach a tanker positioned at Coron Bay. Hayashimo was forced to temporarily anchor off Semirara Island south of Mindoro. She was attacked by Avengers from 1045hrs to 1050hrs, and had her bow blown off by a torpedo. As a result, she was grounded and sank in shallow water off Semirara Island. Kurita's remaining ships managed to reach Coron Bay or Brunei, except for the destroyers Fujinami and Shiranui, which were sunk by air attacks on October 27, resulting in the loss of their crews, including those from Chokai aboard Fujinami. By the end of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the IJN had been effectively decimated. Despite suffering a severe defeat, Admiral Mikawa assessed that he still had enough resources to carry out Operation TA, which involved transporting reinforcements to Ormoc. On October 24, the cruiser Kinu and the destroyer Uranami escorted five transports through intense strafing fire to Cagayan. After boarding the 41st Regiment, Admiral Sakonju's convoy set sail the next morning and successfully landed the reinforcements at Ormoc early on October 26. Although they faced occasional enemy air attacks, they did not incur significant troop losses. Sakonju then sent three transports to Manila, but these were targeted by aircraft from Sprague's carriers. The attacks resulted in two bomb hits on Uranami and three on Kinu, leading to the sinking of both ships in the Visayan Sea. Another transport proceeded to Bohol, embarked the 169th Independent Battalion, and landed them at Ormoc on October 27. Although the Leyte beachheads were secured against sea-based attacks, the Americans could not control all surrounding waters, allowing Generals Yamashita and Suzuki to continue reinforcing the island. This marks the conclusion of the Battle of Leyte Gulf. In exchange for the loss of one light carrier, two escort carriers, two destroyers, one destroyer escort, one submarine, one PT boat, 255 aircraft, and about 2,000 men, the Americans had destroyed approximately 300 enemy planes and sunk 28 warships, including the carrier Zuikaku (the last survivor of the Pearl Harbor attack), three light carriers, three battleships, ten cruisers, and eleven destroyers, with a total of 12,000 Japanese casualties. Despite losing all his carriers, Ozawa fulfilled his expected role and managed to survive the battle with two battleships and two cruisers. After the war, he noted that the final three strikes were not damaging, and his chief of staff remarked that he was unimpressed with the American pilots' quality. In contrast, Halsey faced severe criticism for his controversial decision to leave San Bernardino Strait unguarded while moving his entire force north. If he had employed more strategic thinking and embraced decentralized decision-making, Mitscher's carriers could have engaged and defeated both Ozawa and Kurita. Nishimura also performed his duties effectively; despite losing his life and almost his entire force, he diverted the 7th Fleet's surface forces, leaving Kinkaid's transports and escort carriers vulnerable to Kurita's attack. The Shima force contributed nothing to the mission but survived largely intact. Kurita demonstrated bravery throughout the battle but was occasionally indecisive. Although he was not responsible for the losses at the Sibuyan Sea and was unlucky with his lookouts misidentifying cruisers and battleships among Sprague's escort carriers, he faced American tactics that he perceived as skillful. Sprague's desperate maneuvers to avoid annihilation were seen by the Japanese as tactical excellence. Kurita acknowledged the effective performance of American destroyers, which broke up his formation with torpedo attacks and utilized smoke screens effectively. Both Kurita and his chief of staff found the American air attacks to be relentless, aggressive, skillful, and well-coordinated, considering them the most proficient attacks encountered by the 1st Striking Force throughout the battle. In the end, Toyoda's Sho-Go plan was fundamentally flawed and destined for failure. Although it contained some clever elements that exploited weaknesses in the US Navy's command structure, it was ultimately incapable of success and served only as a means of the IJN's destruction. Even if Kurita had advanced into Leyte Gulf, it would have provided no significant military advantage for the Japanese and would likely have led to the complete destruction of Kurita's forces. The failure of Sho-Go left the Japanese without a fleet and with no realistic hope of defeating the Americans. However, the emergence of Kamikaze attacks allowed Japan to continue the war for a while longer. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Imperial Japanese Navy was virtually annihilated during the battle of Leyte Gulf. Few of her mighty warships remained and now she would cling to desperate measures to try and force the Americans to sue for an early peace to retain pieces of her empire. How long could Japan drag this war on?

Last time we spoke about the Return to the Philippines. Admiral Halsey, in preparation for the Leyte invasion, devised a strategic ploy to lure the Japanese forces by feigning vulnerability. Despite significant air engagements and the heavy damage to two cruisers, Halsey's forces maintained control. Meanwhile, a massive convoy approached Leyte, and the Japanese launched a desperate counterattack. The battle severely depleted Japan's air strength, leading to the birth of the Kamikaze Corps. As Davison's carrier aircraft attacked, Japanese forces struggled due to bad weather and underestimated the Americans. General Terauchi activated Sho-Go 1, targeting Leyte, despite disagreements with General Yamashita. Pre-landing operations saw U.S. Rangers secure islands, while heavy bombardments prepared Leyte for invasion. MacArthur's forces landed amidst fierce resistance, capturing key positions. Though logistics were disorganized, U.S. troops gained ground, marking the beginning of a decisive battle in the Philippines, with the Japanese struggling to counter. This episode is the Battle of Leyte Gulf Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  As previously mentioned, General MacArthur's forces successfully landed on Leyte, with General Sibert's 10th Corps landing in the Palo-Tacloban sector and General Hodge's 24th Corps at Dulag. In response, Admiral Toyoda activated Operation Sho-Go, ordering Admiral Kurita's 1st Striking Force to move to Brunei Bay and destroy enemy warships and transports in Leyte Gulf. Meanwhile, Admiral Shima's 2nd Striking Force prepared to support counter-landings led by Vice-Admiral Mikawa Gunichi's Southwest Area Fleet. The planning for Admiral Shima's small force was emblematic of the shambolic state of the IJN organization for the battle. His force was originally assigned to Ozawa as part of the Main Body. Then it was detached to go down to Formosa to mop-up Halsey's Third Fleet in the aftermath of the Battle off Formosa. Then it was assigned to the Southwest Area Fleet based in Manila to spearhead an envisioned counter-landing on Leyte. The commander of the Southwest Area Fleet, Admiral Mikawa, determined that the Shima force was not required to accomplish the counter-landing mission. On October 19 Toyoda rejected this and instructed Mikawa to use the Shima force as part of the counter-landing force. In spite of this and after confirming that the counter-landing operation did not require Shima's force, Mikawa sent orders to Shima on the afternoon of the 19th that he was not required to stand by to support the counter-landing. Early in the afternoon on October 21, the Combined Fleet again ordered Shima to take part in the transport mission and ordered his force to Manila. At this point, two forces were assigned to the counter-landing operation with a total of five cruisers and eight destroyers. This was a very questionable use of the Combined Fleet's limited resources.  Kurita's 16th Cruiser Division was detached to reinforce the effort, and Admiral Ozawa's depleted Main Body was tasked with luring the enemy north, allowing Kurita to break through to the landing zone. Vice Adm. Ozawa's Task Force Main Body sortied from the Bungo Channel, at the southern entrance to the Inland Sea, on the afternoon of October 20, immediately after receiving the Combined Fleet battle order. To heighten its effectiveness as a lure, the Ozawa Force sortied with all of the 3d Carrier Division, made up of the regular carrier Zuikaku and the light carriers Zuiho, Chitose, and Chiyoda. The total number of aircraft available to put aboard these ships, however, was only 108. These belonged to the poorly trained air groups of the 1st Carrier Division and represented about half the normal complement. In addition to the half-empty carriers, the force comprised two battleships (Ise, Hyuga), three light cruisers(Oyodo, Tama, Isuzu) and eight destroyers (31st Destroyer Squadron). At around 06:00 on 21 October, Japanese aircraft attempted to bomb the Allied ships in Leyte Bay. An Aichi D3A dive-bomber dove for Shropshire, but broke away after heavy anti-aircraft fire was directed at it. The Aichi, damaged by Bofors fire, turned and flew at low level up the port side of the nearby Australia, before striking the cruiser's foremast with its wingroot. Although the bulk of the aircraft fell overboard, the bridge and forward superstructure were showered with debris and burning fuel. Seven officers (including Captain Dechaineux) and twenty-three sailors were killed by the collision, while another nine officers (including Commodore Collins), fifty-two sailors, and an AIF gunner were wounded. Observers aboard Australia and nearby Allied ships differed in their opinions of the collision; some thought that it was an accident, while the majority considered it to be a deliberate ramming aimed at the bridge. Following the attack, commander Harley C. Wright assumed temporary control of the ship. Since Kurita lacked air cover, Tominaga's forces were regrouping in the Philippines to bolster Japanese air strength for Operation Sho-Go, while Admiral Fukudome's 2nd Air Fleet was assembling in the Manila area. At the same time, with communication lost with General Makino's 16th Division.Because of the typhoon of October 17-18, signal communications were impossible. Roads were washed out and impassable. Bridges were down; and for about a week from the time the storm first hit the island, elements of the 16th Division were scattered and out of contact with one another. While trying to assemble its forces for operations, the Japanese were then hit by enemy bombardment, which further severely disrupted General Makino's radio-telegraphic communications. Additionally, the evacuation of Tacloban by the division rear echelon, which began early on October 20, necessitated the abandonment of permanent wireless installations and resulted in complete severance for 48 hours of all contact between the 16th Division and higher headquarters at Cebu and Manila. During this critical period, 14th Area Army and 35th Army were completely without knowledge of developments on Leyte. General Suzuki initiated the Suzu Plan, preparing the 41st Regiment and two battalions of the 102nd Division to move toward Ormoc. General Terauchi, having decided that the decisive battle would be fought at Leyte, directed General Yamashita to place the provisional Tempei Battalion and the 20th Antitank Battalion under Suzuki's command and ordered Lieutenant-General Yamagata Tsuyuo's 26th Division to prepare for early deployment to Leyte. Additionally, reinforcements from the 1st Division and the 68th Brigade, soon to arrive in the Philippines, were assigned to the 35th Army. The Japanese anticipated that the enemy would not move inland until the beachheads at Tacloban and Dulag were connected, so they aimed to gather reinforcements in the Carigara area before launching a major counteroffensive to crush the invading forces. In the meantime, Makino's 16th Division was tasked with holding off the enemy advance in eastern Leyte long enough to allow reinforcements to assemble. Reacting swiftly to the enemy landings, Makino sent the reserve 1st Battalion, 20th Regiment, and the 7th Independent Tank Company to strengthen the defenses at Palo and Dulag, respectively. General Krueger, however, intended to move quickly through Leyte Valley, aiming to secure key roads and airfields before the Japanese could regroup and mount a solid defense. The 1st Striking Force departed Lingga at 01:00 on October 18 and headed to Brunei Bay on the north coast of Borneo. At Brunei, Kurita's ships refuelled, and Kurita took the opportunity to confer with his officers. The details of Sho-1 reached Kurita's force during the day on October 18. This made for a dramatic conference and reflected the unease many felt about the plan. Many officers at the conference were appalled that the fleet was being risked attacking empty transports and doubted that they would ever get close to Leyte Gulf. Kurita probably had his own doubts about the plan, but after many of those present expressed their doubts, Kurita reminded them of the “glorious opportunity” they had been given. “Would it not be a shame to have the fleet remain intact while the nation perishes?” posed Kurita, and followed with the plea: “What man can say that there is no chance for our fleet to turn the tide of war in a decisive battle?” Whatever their doubts, the crews and ships of the 1st Striking Force departed Brunei at 08:00 on October 22 and headed northeast through the Palawan Passage. Kurita's 3rd Section—consisting of the old battleships Fuso and Yamashiro, heavy cruiser Mogami, and four destroyers—stayed behind. These ships departed at 15:00 and headed to the Balabac Strait and then into the Sulu Sea. If all went according to plan, they would storm Leyte Gulf through the Surigao Strait and meet Kurita's ships inside the gulf on the morning of October 25. To the north, General Mudge's 1st Cavalry Division continued advancing northwest along San Juanico Strait, with the 7th Cavalry liberating Tacloban with minimal resistance. The 5th and 12th Cavalry Regiments faced tougher opposition in the southwestern foothills, where Colonel Royce Drake was killed by enemy machine-gun fire, but they managed to secure Utap and Caibaan despite the swampy terrain. To the south, Colonel Aubrey Newman's 34th Regiment repelled a strong enemy counterattack, resulting in 600 Japanese casualties, before launching an assault on Hill 332. Although only the northern knoll was captured by nightfall, the 1st Battalion, 19th Regiment consolidated its position on Hill 522, while the 2nd and 3rd Battalions advanced towards Palo, with the 2nd successfully entering the town. Further south, Japanese artillery positioned on Catmon Hill targeted the beachhead area while General Bradley's 96th Division advanced. Colonel May's 1st Battalion attacked the Japanese positions at Labiranan Head, the remaining forces of the 383rd Regiment moved west to a point north of Tigbao, and Colonel Dill's 382nd Regiment made slow progress towards Tigbao. At the same time, General Arnold's 7th Division, after repelling two minor tank attacks, began advancing west toward the Burauen airstrips, with the 32nd and 184th Regiments moving side by side. The 184th faced minimal opposition as it captured the Dulag airstrip and continued moving forward about 1000 yards beyond the beachhead, whereas the 32nd had to overcome several bunkers and pillboxes to reach its objective. The next day, both regiments continued their westward advance, with the 184th stopping after 2800 yards due to increased enemy resistance, waiting for the 32nd to close the gap. To the north, May's 1st Battalion secured Labiranan Hill and San Roque, while the rest of the 383rd Regiment advanced to Anibung to surround Catmon Hill, and the 382nd Regiment pushed through Tigbao and Canmangui. In response to these developments, Makino decided to reorganize his southern forces to better defend Catmon Hill and Burauen, with the 20th Regiment largely disengaging and retreating towards Hindang. Simultaneously, the 34th Regiment captured Hill 332, while Lieutenant-Colonel George Chapman's 19th Regiment defended Palo from strong enemy counterattacks. The 3rd Battalion managed to reach the town, allowing the 2nd Battalion to launch an attack towards Hill B, though it was unable to capture its crest. Further north, while the 7th Cavalry secured the hills around Tacloban, Brigadier-General William Chase's 1st Cavalry Brigade continued to face challenges advancing up the western foothills. In the morning, Kurita set sail from Brunei and headed northeast through the Palawan Passage, leaving Vice-Admiral Nishimura Shoji's Force C behind to advance through the Surigao Strait into Leyte Gulf. Taking the direct route along the west coast of Palawan, the 1st Striking Force was detected by submarines Darter and Dace in the early hours of October 23. After reporting the enemy task force to Admirals Halsey and Kinkaid, the submarines executed a coordinated attack at 06:10. The first torpedoes struck Atago just as Kurita was having morning tea with his chief of staff. In total, four torpedoes hit the cruiser, dooming her instantly. Nineteen officers and 341 sailors went down with the ship. Kurita and his staff were thrown into the water and had to swim for their lives. The second salvo from Darter hit cruiser Takao, steaming behind Atago. Two torpedoes hit the cruiser, killing 32 crewmen and wounding another 30. Takao was not only out of the battle, but her heavy damage put her out of the war. After eventually reaching Singapore, she was deemed unrepairable.On Dace, Claggett observed Darter's devastating attack. Claggett identified a Kongo-class battleship for attack and began his approach. Six torpedoes were fired from a range of 1,800 yards toward the target, which was actually heavy cruiser Maya. The cruiser took four hits on her port side and sank in a mere eight minutes, taking with her 16 officers and 320 men. Kurita narrowly escaped the sinking of the Atago, later transferring to the battleship Yamato after sending two destroyers to escort the damaged Takao back to Brunei. The submarines then endured ineffective counterattacks from Japanese destroyers, although Darter ran aground on a reef while pursuing Takao. This successful submarine attack not only diminished Kurita's force by three powerful cruisers but also provided the Americans with the location of the 1st Striking Force. In response, Admiral Oldendorf's fire support group established a battle line across the mouth of Surigao Strait, and Halsey ordered his dispersed carrier groups to prepare for battle, recalling Task Group 38.4 immediately. Additionally, Vice-Admiral Sakonju Naomasa's 16th Cruiser Division, en route to Mindanao with the 41st Regiment for Ormoc, was tracked by submarine Bream near Manila Bay early on October 23. This led to a torpedo attack that critically damaged the heavy cruiser Aoba, forcing her to return to Japan, where she would never be operational again. Despite these challenges, the first reinforcement successfully arrived in Ormoc on the same day after an uneventful voyage. At the same time, the IJA and IJN air forces were rapidly assembling their resources in the Philippines in preparation for a coordinated air offensive set to begin on October 24, a day before the scheduled fleet attack. To the north, Ozawa's substantial but ineffective decoy force was positioned due east of Okinawa, moving south into the Philippine Sea, while Shima's 2nd Striking Force neared the Coron Islands. Back in Leyte, Krueger's offensive was advancing as well. In the north, the 8th Cavalry had moved through the 7th and successfully captured a bridge over the Diit River. On October 22, elements of the 5th Cavalry were sent to Tacloban to act as a guard of honor for General MacArthur. The guard of honor, consisting of 1st Lt. John Gregory and thirty enlisted men of the 5th Cavalry, arrived at Tacloban later on October 23. President Osmeña of the Philippine Commonwealth was also present, having come ashore for the occasion. A simple but impressive ceremony was held in front of the municipal building of Tacloban, though the interior of the edifice was a shambles of broken furniture and scattered papers. A guard of honor of "dirty and tired but efficient-looking soldiers" was drawn up in front of the government building. General MacArthur broadcasted an address announcing the establishment of the Philippine Civil Government with President Osmeña as its head. Lt. Gen. Richard K. Sutherland then read the official proclamation. President Osmeña spoke appreciatively of American support and of the determination of the Filipinos to expel the enemy. "To the Color" was sounded on the bugle, and the national flags of the United States and the Philippines were simultaneously hoisted on the sides of the building. Colonel Kangleon of the guerrilla forces was then decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross. Few Filipinos except representatives of the local government were present for the ceremony. Apparently the inhabitants had not heard of it, or did not know that they were permitted to attend. Information quickly spread, however, that the civil government had assumed control, and as General MacArthur and his party left town the civil population cheered them. The 1st Cavalry Brigade continued its slow advance through challenging terrain before being reassigned to support the overstretched 24th Division in its rear. Newman's 1st Battalion made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Hill Nan, and the 19th Regiment similarly failed to take Hill B. On the night of October 23 Col. Suzuki Tatsunosuke, the commanding officer of the 33rd Regiment, led a raiding detachment, armed with rifles, sabres, grenades, and mines, into Palo from the southwest. Using Filipino civilians in front of them, the men of the detachment tricked the guards at the outpost into believing that they were guerrillas. The Japanese were thus able to capture two machine guns and a 37-mm. gun. They penetrated to the town square and charged, throwing explosives into houses, trucks, and a tank, and broke into an evacuation hospital where they killed some wounded. They then moved toward the bridge and mounted the captured machine guns on it, firing until their ammunition was exhausted and then abandoning the guns. The American guards on the other side of the bridge, however, were able to fire upon the bridge and its approaches so effectively that they killed fifty Japanese, according to a count made the next morning. The raid was completely broken up, and sixty Japanese, including Colonel Suzuki, were killed. The American casualties were fourteen killed and twenty wounded. To the south, the 383rd Regiment secured the Guinarona River, while the 382nd conducted patrols. Even farther south, Arnold deployed the 17th Regiment, reinforced by the 2nd Battalion of the 184th Regiment and the 767th Tank Battalion, to push through his advance elements and continue the assault westward, with the other two regiments trailing 1000 yards behind. This "flying wedge" maneuver proved highly effective, with the infantry securing San Pablo airfield and the tanks advancing to the western edge of Burauen. They disrupted the disorganized enemy forces and killed Colonel Hokota Keijiro, commander of the 20th Regiment. Meanwhile, at sea, Kurita's intact warships advanced into Mindoro Strait by nightfall, while Nishimura's force was crossing the Sulu Sea. To the north, Ozawa's decoy force was deliberately broadcasting messages to draw enemy attention. Shima was also directed to penetrate Surigao Strait to support Nishimura's assault, as Mikawa had determined that the 2nd Striking Force was not needed for the counter-landing mission. On Leyte, the troops continued their engagement on October 24, unaware of the impending major naval battle. In the northern region, to secure San Juanico Strait and prevent Japanese reinforcements from Samar, the 1st Squadron, 7th Cavalry landed successfully at Babatngon; Troop C of the 8th Cavalry did the same at La Paz; and the rest of the 1st Squadron advanced to Guintiguian. By nightfall, these cavalry units had to repel a strong counterattack from the 2nd Battalion, 9th Regiment, which was stationed in Samar. To the south, Newman's 1st Battalion secured Hills Nan and Mike; his 2nd Battalion fought its way to a small hill southeast of Hill C; Chapman's 2nd Battalion continued its unsuccessful assault on Hill B; and his Company K captured San Joaquin south of Palo. Further south, the 382nd Regiment pushed through Hindang, causing the 20th Regiment units to retreat, and also secured Anibung, while the 383rd Regiment began patrolling its area. Meanwhile, the 17th Regiment, supported by the 184th, advanced along the road to Burauen, fought through the town, and began preparing for a push north to Dagami. Additionally, the 32nd Regiment attacked toward the Buri airstrip but was eventually forced to withdraw. At dawn on October 24, the crucial air phase of the Sho-Go plan began, with 200 aircraft of the 1st and 2nd Air Fleets taking off from Clark Field to patrol the waters east of Luzon. At 08:20, Admiral Sherman's carriers were finally spotted, prompting the launch of three waves of Japanese aircraft for an attack. The first attack in the morning was intercepted by seven Hellcats from Essex led by Commander David McCampbell, the air group commander. The quality of the Japanese air crews was very low. McCampbell methodically proceeded to shoot down nine Japanese aircraft, for which he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, and his wingman claimed six more. After the record action, he managed to return and land in extremis on Langley because the Essex's deck was too busy to accommodate him although he had run short of fuel. Altogether, aviators from Essex were credited with 24 downed enemy aircraft, and fighters from Lexington 13. Despite the Hellcats' rough handling of the incoming Japanese strike, fleet air defense was never airtight. At 0938hrs, one Judy divebomber used clouds for cover and then made a skillful attack against light carrier Princeton. The aircraft's 551lb bomb hit in the middle of the flight deck some 75ft forward of the aft elevator. It penetrated several decks to the ship's bakery, where it exploded. The resulting blast reached into the hangar deck where it engulfed six fully armed and fully fueled Avengers. These aircraft caught fire and soon exploded with a blast so powerful both ship's elevators were thrown into the air. Water pressure was knocked out, which allowed the flames to spread quickly. All non-essential personnel were ordered off the ship at 1010hrs, followed by all but the fire-fighting personnel ten minutes later. In response, the cruiser Birmingham came to Princeton's aid but sustained severe damage from a major explosion and had to retreat to Ulithi, leading to Princeton being scuttled later in the afternoon. The subsequent two waves of Japanese aircraft were successfully intercepted, resulting in the loss of 67 Japanese planes by the end of the day. Meanwhile, Tominaga launched full-scale attacks on enemy invasion shipping in Leyte Gulf with minimal results. The failure to neutralize Halsey's carriers and Ozawa's undetected diversion mission allowed Admiral Mitscher to conduct a series of strikes against Kurita's force. That morning, American reconnaissance aircraft detected Kurita's 1st Striking Force south of Mindoro, prompting Admiral Bogan to dispatch 45 aircraft under Commander William Ellis to attack the battleships Yamato and Musashi as they neared the Sibuyan Sea. At approximately 10:30, aircraft from the Intrepid and Cabot began their attack. The lead group of Japanese ships included the huge Yamato and Musashi. Of these two, Musashi was nearest, so Commander Ellis selected her as the main target. He split the 12 Helldivers into two six-aircraft divisions to attack both battleships with their 1000lb bombs. The two nearest large ships were the subject of the Avengers' attack. Two were ordered to go after heavy cruiser Myoko and the other six were directed against Musashi. These were divided into two three-plane sections in order to execute an anvil attack. The four Avengers from Cabot were allocated against Yamato in the center of the formation. American pilots all remarked on the ferocity of the antiaircraft fire from the multi-colored 5in. bursts to the streams of tracers from the 25mm guns. The Japanese also used Type 3 incendiary shells from 18.1in. and 16in. main battery guns. Despite the spectacular appearances of this barrage, Japanese anti-aircraft fire was generally ineffective. The giant Type 3 shells proved totally ineffective, and Japanese records indicate that the battleships fired a relatively low number of 6in. and 5in. shells during each attack, indicating that the fire-control systems were taking too long to generate a targeting solution. These and the ubiquitous 25mm guns damaged many aircraft, but of the over 250 aircraft that attacked during the day, only 18 were shot down. Though the numbers confirm the ineffectiveness of IJN anti-aircraft fire, the American aviators displayed great courage pressing home their attacks through what was described as an impenetrable wall of flak. Musashi was hit with one torpedo, leading to flooding and listing, and another torpedo struck the cruiser Myoko, which had to return to Singapore. For most of the day, Musashi was the center of attention. Due to a fault in the design of her side belt, slow flooding entered the adjacent boiler room. The effect of some 3,000 tons of water was a 5.5° list, which was quickly reduced to a single degree by pumps in the affected boiler room and counterflooding on the opposite. Facing Musashi's intact antiaircraft batteries, one Avenger was shot down before it launched its torpedo and a second went down after deploying its weapon. The two Avengers that attacked Myoko were even more successful. At 1029hrs, one torpedo hit the heavy cruiser on her starboard side aft. Her propulsion system was damaged, and her top speed reduced to 15 knots. The cruiser fell astern of the formation. Kurita was forced to send her back to Singapore for repairs without destroyer escort. Since Myoko was the flagship of Sentai 5, at 1100hrs the commander transferred to cruiser Haguro. Myoko limped back to Singapore but was out of the war. Four of Kurita's heavy cruisers were out of the battle before they had a chance to engage an enemy ship. Cabot's small group of torpedo aircraft attacked Yamato, but the battleship dodged all torpedoes directed at her. Concurrently, Nishimura's fleet was located by an enhanced search operation from Admiral Davison's carriers. At 09:18, 16 Hellcats and 12 Avengers from the Enterprise attacked the Yamashiro and Fuso battleships, hitting the latter with two bombs, though the damage was minimal. Operating to the west of Nishimura was Shima's Second Striking Force and also in the area was Shima's detached Destroyer Division 21 with three ships, which was hurrying to rejoin Shima's main force after having completed a transport mission to Manila. Franklin's air group was assigned the northern sector of the Sulu Sea. It spotted the three ships of Shima's Destroyer Division 21 off Panay. Attacking high-speed destroyers was a challenge for any airman, but at 0813hrs Wakaba was hit by a bomb and several near misses. The damage proved fatal—45 minutes later, Wakaba sank with the loss of 30 men. Franklin launched a follow-up strike of 12 Hellcats and 11 bombers that reached the two remaining destroyers just before noon. Only one bomb hit was scored against Hatsushimo, which did little damage. The Japanese commander decided to head back to Manila with the survivors of Wakaba. Inexplicably, he failed to notify Shima of his decision. Destroyer Division 21 was out of the battle.  After this initial strike, Bogan sent a second wave of 42 aircraft, which targeted Musashi between 12:07 and 12:15. Again, Helldivers opened the attack. The 12 bombers scored at least two direct hits and five near misses. One 1,000lb hit forward and passed through Musashi's bow without exploding. The second hit just to the port side of the stack and penetrated two decks before exploding. The resulting damage forced the abandonment of the port-side inboard engine room, which reduced the ship to three shafts. A fire near one of the boiler rooms was quickly extinguished. Adding to the chaos, Musashi's steam siren was damaged, and it continued to sound off and on for the remainder of the action. Once again Intrepid's Avengers deployed to conduct an anvil attack. Of the nine aircraft, eight got their torpedoes in the water and headed toward the huge battleship. As was the case for the entire series of attacks, it is impossible to precisely trace the number of hits suffered by Musashi; American and Japanese records do not even coincide on the overall number of attacks during the day. It is probable that the second wave of Avengers put three torpedoes into Musashi's port side. One hit near the stack on the junction of the outboard port engine room and the port hydraulic machinery space; it caused slow flooding but little else. Another hit forward of the armored citadel and caused massive flooding into several large spaces. The last confirmed hit occurred abaft Turret No. 2. Despite these three additional hits, Musashi remained on an even keel, but was noticeably down by the bow. In exchange, Musashi antiaircraft gunners forced one Avenger to ditch some 15 miles away and shot down two Helldivers. During this attack, Japanese records indicate nine Type 3 shells were fired. American pilots were impressed that they were engaged at 25,000–30,000 yards, but no aircraft were damaged. This damage reduced Musashi's speed to 22 knots, prompting Kurita to slow his formation. Despite taking four torpedoes, Musashi's skilled damage-control teams managed to keep it afloat throughout the day. At 10:50, Sherman launched 58 aircraft from the Essex and Lexington, focusing on Musashi again at 13:30. With her speed reduced and unable to fully maneuver, she was a much easier target. Despite the heavy fire directed against them, the Helldivers performed their mission of preparing the way for the torpedo bombers. At least four 1,000lb bombs hit Musashi. Three hits caused minimal damage as they impacted near the forward 18in. turret and exploded in the unoccupied crew accommodation spaces below. Damage from the final hit that exploded on contact when it hit the starboard side of the stack was not serious, but the explosion devastated many nearby 25mm triple mounts and caused heavy casualties among the gun crews. While the Helldivers added to the topside carnage, damage from the Avengers was much more serious. Three more torpedo hits were confirmed in the third attack, bringing the total to seven. Two struck forward of the armored citadel on either side of the bow. The design flaw of having comparatively little compartmentation in the unarmored forward section of the ship led to massive flooding. In addition, the explosions forced the hull plating outward creating what looked like a huge plow throwing water up as the ship moved forward. Another torpedo struck the starboard side close to the previous starboard side hit. This increased flooding and forced the abandonment of the starboard hydraulic machinery room. A possible fourth hit was reported by some witnesses near the forward 6.1in. triple turret on the starboard side. This assault resulted in at least four bomb hits and three torpedo hits, causing severe flooding. Despite this, Musashi continued to fight, but with its speed reduced to 12 knots, Kurita ordered it to move west with destroyers Shimakaze and Kiyoshimo. Additionally, the cruiser Tone was struck by two bombs during this attack, sustaining only light damage. At 14:26, 12 Helldivers and 8 Hellcats from the Essex launched an assault on the Yamato and Nagato, delivering three bomb hits to the Yamato and two to the Nagato, though the damage was not severe. The fifth air attack of the day was the most intense, with 65 aircraft from the Enterprise and Franklin taking off at 13:15 to strike the heavily damaged Musashi at 15:10. The results against the near-defenseless battleship were devastating. Of the 18 Helldivers that dove on Musashi, 11 claimed hits. On this occasion, the aviators' claims were not inflated. Japanese sources agreed that within minutes, Musashi was pounded by ten 1,000lb bombs. This barrage can be detailed with some degree of certainty. One bomb hit forward of Turret No. 1 and added to the damage there from earlier bombs. Another bomb hit the roof of the same turret and failed to penetrate its thick roof armor. Another hit to the starboard side of the turret and penetrated two decks before exploding against the main armored deck. Two bombs hit together between the forward 6.1in. turret and the superstructure, exploded on contact, and did minimal damage. Another two hit just to port in the same general area, penetrated two decks, and exploded on the main armored deck without penetrating. The eighth bomb hit the port side of the massive superstructure and exploded on contact, causing devastation to nearby 25mm mounts and their crews. Another projectile hit the top of the superstructure and destroyed the main battery fire-control director and its rangefinder. The resulting explosion caused significant personnel casualties on the bridge and operations room totaling 78 killed and wounded. Among the wounded was the ship's captain. The final hit landed abaft the superstructure but caused only minor damage. Musashi was equally helpless against the Avengers. The eight Enterprise Avengers conducted an anvil attack, and all claimed hits. At this point in the action, the accounts of Musashi's surviving crewmembers are not reliable. It is certain that four more torpedoes hit the ship. The first was on the port side in the area of the magazine for Turret No. 1. Another hit on the port side was recorded abeam the superstructure, flooding one boiler room. The third hit to port was placed just aft of the stack. It was in the same area of an earlier hit, and it immediately flooded the outboard engine room. The only confirmed hit on the starboard side occurred in the area of Turret No. 2. On top of the four confirmed hits, some Japanese accounts mention as many as six more. Two of these struck amidships on the port side but did not explode. All attacking aircraft returned safely, confirming the ineffectiveness of Musashi's defenses at this point. At 15:21, Helldivers targeted the Haruna, but only managed five near misses. The increasing intensity of the air attacks throughout the day indicated that Japanese land-based air forces had failed to neutralize Halsey's carriers. Consequently, at 15:30, Kurita ordered his fleet to change course westward, away from the San Bernardino Strait, hoping that this maneuver would reduce the pressure from air attacks and allow Japanese air forces to achieve better results. Meanwhile, Bogan launched his third strike of the day at 15:50, with 31 aircraft under Ellis targeting the Musashi one final time. However, due to fatigue, the attack was ineffective. After this last air strike, Kurita decided to head back towards the San Bernardino Strait and instructed the sinking Musashi to beach itself on Sibuyan Island at 17:15. Before this could be executed, the battleship sank at 19:36, resulting in the loss of 1,023 lives. Thus, the Musashi became the largest ship ever sunk by air attack in what was the largest air-sea battle in history up to that point. Despite losing 18 aircraft, the Americans succeeded in sinking the Musashi, torpedoing the Myoko, and damaging three other battleships to varying extents. Nevertheless, the 1st Striking Force emerged in better condition than anticipated, with the Musashi absorbing much of the torpedo and bomb damage and allowing the other ships to weather the attack. Kurita planned to navigate San Bernardino Strait during the night, proceed down the east coast of Samar, and reach Leyte Gulf around 11:00. Meanwhile, Admiral Mitscher's search planes had located Ozawa's carriers at 16:40. By afternoon, Ozawa had launched most of his aircraft in an attack on Sherman, but the final assault by the once formidable IJN carrier force achieved only limited success, with 28 planes lost before retreating to the Philippines. Remaining undetected, Ozawa then dispatched two battleship carriers and four destroyers under Rear-Admiral Matsuda Chiaki southward, drawing American attention to his position.  In the aftermath of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Americans did not know that the IJN had no prospects of replacing its lost aviators. Because the majority of the carriers themselves survived the battle, and the Americans knew other carriers were being added to the force, the IJN's carrier force was still a threat. The intelligence Halsey received on the IJN's carrier force indicated that it was fully capable. In every other major battle of the war, the IJN carrier fleet was the main threat. The Pacific War had become a carrier war and surface forces had been firmly supplanted as the primary striking force. The Americans had no way of knowing that the Japanese had turned this thinking on its head in their planning for Leyte Gulf. Nimitz wanted to destroy the Combined Fleet and thus gain an increased measure of operational freedom for future operations. He was disappointed that this did not occur at Philippine Sea and thus had inserted the instruction to Halsey that the destruction of the Japanese fleet would be his primary objective if the opportunity was presented. Achieving this not only would eliminate the main threat to the invasion, but it would cripple the IJN's ability to interfere with future operations. As the assessment from the aviators was that Kurita's force no longer posed a threat, at 19:50 Halsey ordered his entire force north to crush what he assessed as the primary threat: Ozawa's carrier force. He decided to do so with the entirety of his force. By doing so, he decided to ignore the threat posed by the Kurita force, which was headed toward San Bernardino Strait. He kept his whole force together, because that was how TF 38 fought and because, as he stated after the war, he did not want to divide his force in the face of the enemy. A decisive victory was most likely if the carriers of TF 38 worked with the battleships of TF 34. This was USN doctrine and Halsey fully supported it.  At 20:22, Task Force 38 set course north, with the three carrier groups in the area meeting just before midnight. Earlier, at 20:05, a night reconnaissance aircraft from Independence had reported that Kurita's formidable surface force was heading back toward the San Bernardino Strait. This news raised concerns among several of Halsey's subordinates, including Bogan and Lee, but they were dismissed by the resolute Halsey. As a result, the 3rd Fleet's full strength continued northward toward Ozawa's decoy force, leaving the San Bernardino Strait completely unprotected. This left Kurita's battleships unopposed between themselves and the American landing vessels, except for Kinkaid's vulnerable escort carriers off Samar's coast. Meanwhile, the detection of Nishimura's force on October 24 gave Kinkaid enough time to prepare for a battle at Surigao Strait. Oldendorf set up his battle line under Rear-Admiral George Weyler near Hingatungan Point in the northern part of the strait, providing maximum sea space while still constraining Japanese movement. Eight cruisers in two groups were positioned south of this line, with 24 destroyers stationed to screen the battleships and cruisers and positioned on both flanks to launch torpedo attacks against the approaching Japanese. Additionally, 39 PT boats were deployed in the southern approaches to the strait and into the Mindanao Sea to provide early warning and execute torpedo attacks when possible. The main issue was that the battleships were primarily equipped with high-explosive shells and would only engage once the Japanese forces were about 20,000 yards away. Moreover, Kinkaid had intercepted an order from Halsey to assemble a powerful task force of fast battleships. Misinterpreting the order's unclear wording, Kinkaid mistakenly believed Task Force 34 was coming to defend San Bernardino Strait, allowing his forces to concentrate on Surigao Strait instead. Despite Kurita's delays, Nishimura pressed on to breach the strait, advancing with the heavy cruiser Mogami and three destroyers. Little is known about Nishimura's precise thinking as he approached the strait. He was planning on arriving off Tacloban at 0430hrs on October 25 in accordance with Toyoda's master plan that had Kurita's force arriving off Leyte a short time later. This schedule fell apart after Kurita's advance was thrown off schedule on the afternoon of October 24 when he temporarily turned around in the face of intensive air attack in the Sibuyan Sea. At 2013hrs Nishimura sent a message to Toyoda and Kurita that he planned to arrive off Dulag at 0400hrs the next morning, a half hour later than planned. This was only a minor change; much more important was the receipt at 2200hrs of Kurita's message that he would not be in the gulf until 1100hrs. This meant that Nishimura's force was on its own when it executed its attack into the gulf. However, Nishimura did not change his plan after learning of Kurita's revised intentions. He was determined to force the strait in darkness and in so doing draw forces away from Kurita's main attack. The battle began at 2236hrs when PT-131 gained radar contact on Nishimura's main force. The three boats of the section headed toward the contact to make a torpedo attack. Two of the boats were slightly damaged, but one was able to close within torpedo range. News of the contact did not reach Oldendorf until 0026hrs on October 25. Another section sighted the advance group built around Mogami at 2350hrs and two of the boats fired a torpedo at the cruiser. Neither hit its target. Demonstrating the confusion in any night battle, at about 0100hrs Mogami was hit by a 6in. shell from Fuso. Though a dud, it killed three men. About an hour later, PT134 closed to within 3,000 yards of Fuso and fired three torpedoes. Again, all missed. This running series of encounters continued up until 0213hrs. Of the 39 boats, 30 contacted the Japanese and launched 34 torpedoes. None of Nishimura's ships was hit. While Nishimura's force was successfully fighting its way up the strait in good order, he kept Kurita and Shima informed of his progress. At 0040hrs, the two parts of Nishimura's force reunited. First blood went to the Japanese, since ten PTs were hit, and one (PT-493) sank, with a total of three dead and 20 wounded. Though unable to exact any attrition on the Japanese, the PTs had provided an invaluable service informing Oldendorf of Nishimura's location and strength. Based on an earlier report from one of Mogami's scout aircraft on the location and numbers of USN ships in Leyte Gulf, Nishimura appeared to believe that the battle would occur inside Leyte Gulf and not in Surigao Strait. If he really believed that Oldendorf would not use favorable geography to his advantage, he was sorely mistaken. Having survived the PT boat attacks with no damage, Nishimura now faced a much more deadly threat. This came in the form of five Fletcher-class destroyers under the command of the aggressive Captain Coward. Two other destroyers from Coward's Destroyer Squadron 54 were left on picket duty and did not take part in the torpedo attack. The five destroyers assigned to the attack were arrayed to conduct an anvil attack (with torpedoes coming in from both bows of the enemy target), with McDermut and Monssen from the west and Remey, McGowan, and Melvin from the east. Approaching at 30 knots, Coward's ships would launch torpedoes guided by radar, and refrain from using their 5in. guns so as not to give their positions away. Once the torpedoes were on their way, the destroyers would break off and head north along the coast to clear the area and reduce the possibility of a friendly fire incident. What ensued was one of the most successful attacks of the entire war. Shortly after 03:00, Coward's three eastern destroyers launched 27 torpedoes from a range of 8200 to 9300 yards at the advancing Japanese ships. They scored two critical hits on the Fuso at 03:08, causing flooding and fires. The battleship, unaware of the severity of the damage, veered off course and headed south, ultimately sinking at about 03:45 with 1620 lives lost. The Americans claimed that the torpedoes had split the Fuso in two. Meanwhile, Coward's two western destroyers fired a full salvo of 20 torpedoes at 03:10. In response, Nishimura changed course, exposing his screen to danger. By 03:19, three torpedoes from McDermut struck the Yamagumo, which exploded and sank within two minutes; another torpedo hit the Michishio amidships, causing it to sink 15 minutes later after coming to a halt; and a final torpedo hit the Asagumo, damaging its bow and reducing its speed, forcing it to withdraw from the battle. McDermut's ten torpedoes were the most effective salvo of the war from any American destroyer. Monssen's torpedo attack resulted in a single hit on the battleship Yamashiro, causing some flooding and reducing her firepower by a third. Following Coward's devastating torpedo strike, six more destroyers, divided into two groups of three, approached Nishimura's force from the west along the coast of Leyte. The first group commenced their attack at 03:23, launching 14 torpedoes from a range of 6500 to 6800 yards, but only one torpedo struck the Yamashiro, temporarily slowing her to 5 knots. The second group of destroyers fired 15 torpedoes at 03:29, but none of their torpedoes hit their targets, and the gunfire from both sides proved ineffective. After this failed assault, nine destroyers in three sections of three approached Nishimura's weakened column from both flanks. The first two sections, attacking from either side, fired a half-salvo of five torpedoes from each destroyer, but none hit. Before the final section could launch its attack, a fierce gunnery battle was underway.  The gunnery battle began at 0351hrs when the first American cruiser opened up. Two minutes later, West Virginia commenced fire from 22,800 yards. All ships fired at the largest radar return of the three Japanese ships, which was Yamashiro. The American barrage grew as each battleship gained a fire control solution. The three ships with the most modern fire control systems did most of the work. California joined in at 0355hrs from 20,400 yards followed by Tennessee one minute later. The three battleships with the less capable Mk 3 fire control radar struggled to gain a firing solution. Maryland opened fire at 0359hrs by ranging her Mk 3 radar on the shell splashes from the other battleships. Mississippi took until 0412hrs when she fired a full salvo at Yamashiro from 19,790 yards. Pennsylvania never gained a good solution for her 14in. main battery and failed to fire a single salvo. Unbeknownst to Nishimura, the Americans had executed a "T" maneuver, leaving his ships able to fire only their forward guns while the enemy could unleash full broadsides. Concentrating their fire on the Yamashiro, Oldendorf's cruisers and battleships landed several hits during the 18-minute engagement. By 03:56, the Yamashiro was seen burning amidships, aft, and in the bridge area. Despite this, the battleship fought back fiercely, targeting the cruisers Phoenix, Columbia, Shropshire, and Denver, though no hits were achieved. The Mogami endured severe damage during this engagement, with the cruiser Portland focusing its fire on her and inflicting heavy harm. In the early phase of the battle, she took several 5in. hits from American destroyers. In the first minutes of the withering barrage from Oldendorf's cruisers and battleships, Mogami sustained more damage, including a hit on one of her 8in. turrets. After firing four Type 93 torpedoes at 0401hrs against the gun flashes from enemy ships to the north, she came under fire from heavy cruiser Portland. Two 8in. shells hit Mogami's bridge at 0402hrs, killing her commanding officer, and other shells disabled two engine rooms. The new commanding officer decided to break off the action and head south at slow speed. While headed south, she encountered the Second Diversion Attack Force.  As American gunfire pummeled Yamashiro's superstructure, the last destroyer group approached head-on, closing to within 6200 yards before launching 13 torpedoes. Before the torpedoes could reach their targets, the destroyers came under friendly fire and further assault from Yamashiro's guns, resulting in the Albert W. Grant taking 18 hits before being withdrawn. Observing the friendly fire, Oldendorf ordered a ceasefire at 04:09, allowing Nishimura to begin a retreat south. However, by 04:11, the Yamashiro had been hit by three torpedoes from the final destroyer salvo, causing a severe list and bringing the battleship to a halt. Yamashiro's valiant yet ultimately futile resistance ended at 04:19 when she capsized to port, taking Nishimura and 1625 others with her. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The largest naval battle in human history had only just begun. As many historians argue, given the fateful decision of Halsey to try and knock out the IJN combined fleet, the transports had been left completely open to an attack. Absolute carnage could unfold on an unprecedented scale…perhaps enough to cause America to rethink continuing the war?

Nagato estuvo preso injustamente en el reclusorio oriente y cuenta como fue su detención al defenderse de un asalto, la persona que lo agredió era hijo de un vecino, presos encerrados por robar hasta un gansito, como es la vida en el penal donde tienes que pagar dinero por todo, las peleas que tuvo dentro de prisión y como es la falta de dinero, presos problemáticos que se hacen hermanos cristianos, la vida depresiva que tienes dentro de prisión, hombres que se enamoran de sus compañeros de celda. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gusgripodcast/support

So the year 649 was so bad that they went and changed the whole calendar to forget about it!  In 650 a white pheasant is brought to the court, and they sieze on that as a chance to rename the era from Taika to Hakuchi.  That should make things better, right? This episode we talk about this event--their reasoning, as well as what is recorded as having happened.  We also take a look at the completion of the Ajifu no Miya and how it was renamed to the Naniwa no Toyosaki no Nagara no Miya, or the Toyosaki Nagara Palace of Naniwa.  This is thought to be what we know today as the Early Naniwa Palace, and it was a real change, and, in many ways, the physical manifestation of the Taika era reforms. For photos and more, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-113 Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 113: The White Pheasant.   The officials of the court stood sentinel at the palace gates, a formidable line of authority draped in flowing, vibrant robes that signified their rank. Each step down the line revealed a cascade of colors, a living tapestry of power and prestige. Only the envoys from distant shores stood apart, their unique uniforms adding an exotic flair to the proceedings, as well as a certain legitimacy as outside witnesses.   The air crackled with anticipation as the crowd waited, their breath held, until four figures emerged, bearing aloft a magnificent litter adorned with intricate decorations that shimmered as they caught the sun's rays.   Upon that litter rested a cage, and within it,a dazzling white pheasant, plucked from the untamed wilds of Anato. Whispers rippled through the throng; some questioned the significance of this fragile creature, while others dared to see it as a divine omen. Was this bird as pure as the tales had promised? The capital had buzzed with rumors ever since its unexpected arrival, and those in the back stretched their necks, desperate for a glimpse of this rare marvel.   The past year had cast a shadow over the Yamato court, leaving the air thick with uncertainty. Yet, this ethereal bird, shimmering with the promise of renewal, seemed to herald a shift—an opportunity for rebirth that everyone craved.  At the very least it was a much needed distraction from everything that had previously occurred.   As the litter glided past, the courtiers bowed deeply in reverence, forming two disciplined lines that followed through the grand gates. Together, they marched into the palace, hearts pounding with hope. They were not just entering a building; they were stepping into a new era, one that, with a whisper of fate, could rise above the struggles of the past.     This episode we kick off the start of a new era—the Hakuchi era, or the era of the White Pheasant.  It followed the Taika era, and it does have a different feel.  It is less about new edicts and more about how things were shaking out and coming together.  And one of the things that was coming together was the Nagara no Toyosaki palace, which is believed to be the same one known to archaeologists as the “Early Naniwa Palace” unearthed in Ohosaka and dated to the mid-7th century.  We'll actually start with a look at this palace, continuing our discussion from last episode, as our sovereign, Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, seems to have been a bit crazy about all of his palaces, and figuring out just which is which can be an issue in and of itself. We'll also touch on the start of this new era, and look at why and what it meant to come up with a new era name—a new “nengou”—in the middle of a reign like this.  And so we catch ourselves at the start of the year 650, still, technically, in the Taika era.  The year started well enough, with the sovereign celebrating the new year at the Ajifu palace and then coming straight back—the Ajifu palace was apparently yet another new palace and it seems construction had only recently begun.  Now, There is some confusion between the Ajifu palace and the Toyosaki palace.  The Ajifu palace is traditionally thought to have been located on the opposite side o f the Yodo river, in the area of modern Settsu city, on the site of what became the Ajifu Shrine.  Others have suggested that it was actually on the Kanimachi plateau, which is where the Toyosaki palace was.  Notably the “Toyosaki” palace is not located anywhere near the modern area of “Toyosaki” with which it seems to share a name.  From what little information we have, it seems to have been quite the complex.  As to why he would need yet another palace, I could not say.  And yet, later we see that the Ajifu Palace is eventually named the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  So are they one and the same?  Did they move the Toyosaki Palace?  Or did they build the Toyosaki Palace and then *rebuild* it as the Ajifu Palace—aka the Nagara Toyosaki Palace? At this point the way that the Chronicles talk about it, the Ajifu palace site seems to have been almost purely conceptual, while previous accounts seem to indicate that the Toyosaki Palace was already in use.  That would have made for an interesting New Year's celebration, probably in temporary buildings erected quickly amongst the grass and fields, with some nearby tomb mounds that would need to be leveled or moved to make room, we are later told.  It seems they were still surveying the site, but I guess Karu really was looking for a change.  And so he celebrated the new year at the Ajifu palace, but quickly returned back to wherever the work of the government was actually occurring. As to where that was, well, we talked last episode about all of Karu's meanderings from one palace to the other.  The Nihon Shoki text itself is not exactly clear, as I read it.  It doesn't help that the term for palace, or “miya”, appears to refer to both a complex and a single residence, without a clear distinction given between the two.  And so, though I mentioned it last episode, let's recap what we know about the palaces this reign. So in 645, we are told that Karu decided upon Naniwa and we are told that this is the “Toyosaki” palace.  Then in 646, Karu took up residence in the “detached” palace of Koshiro in Sayabe, Naniwa.  This was likely him repurposing the Miyake, the government offices with the royal granaries.  He was only there for about two months, though, before he returned.  Then, in the third month of 646, he issues an amnesty claiming to have taken up residence in the new palace—but we aren't told which one. In 647, two years into the reign, the government offices at Wogohori are torn down and a palace was built there.  Now this is somewhat confusing because there appear to be two government districts:  Wogohori and Ohogohori.  You'll probably notice how similar these two sound, though it may have been more like “wogopori” and “opogopori”. Back in the day.  Wo-gohori, or the “Small District”, is mentioned once, but mainly just as a place name.  Ohogohori, or the “Big District” has previously shown up as the place with government offices for the envoys from overseas.   Confusing matters, in a later entry, Karu eventually moves out of the palace at Oho-gohori and into the palace that would be known as the Nagara Toyosaki palace.  So was he at Wogohori and then later at Ohogohori?  Or was there some scribal error such that the two got confused? And then in 648 we are told that Karu moved into the Toyosaki palace in Naniwa.  Two years later, in 650, and he is now celebrating New Year's at the Ajifu palace, which may refer to a location on the other side of the Yodo river, but is likely in the spot we now think of as the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  We then know that in 651 they were still building a palace.  And it isn't until the last day of 651 that Karu would formally move from Ohogori into the Ajifu palace, which we are told was then renamed the Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya---the Nagara Toyosaki Palace. I have several thoughts on all of this.  One, is that there may have been two “Toyosaki” palaces—there was the Toyosaki palace that he first moved into, and then there is the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  “Nagara” appears to mean something like “Long Handle”, but other than that, I don't know that there is a good translation.  It may refer to the fact that it was meant to last longer, or that it was even larger than the previous palace.  It may even be that the original Toyosaki Palace was just a few of the buildings, and that eventually it grew into the larger Nagara Toyosaki Palace, but if that is the case, what is up with term “Ajifu”?  Was that just one building in the larger palace?  Or are earlier mentions of “Toyosaki” anachronistic, and perhaps it wasn't until the entire thing was complete that they gave it that name?  Many modern accounts appear to conflate the Toyosaki palace with the Nagara no Toyosaki Palace, saying it just took that long to build.  That would imply that the Ajifu palace really was there on the Kamimachi plateau, at the known Naniwa palace site.  Alternatively, “Nagara” could possibly have been a reference to the fact that the Ajifu palace was an extension of the larger Toyosaki complex, possibly built out of the government offices of either Wogohori or Ohogohori. For all that we don't know exactly what was happening here, we have a pretty good idea in the archaeological record about at least one of the palace sites on the Kamimachi plateau.  This site has been identified as the Toyosaki palace of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, and it would actually be reused at a later date.  Sure enough, there are remains of at least two palace complexes on the site, with the one from our period known as the “Early Naniwa Palace” site. Based on its size and layout, this Early Naniwa palace was the first of its kind.  Previous palaces in Asuka had not dissimilar designs in terms of the general arrangement, but this clearly made use of the structure of continental style palace complexes, and was likely intended to be a new, permanent capital. The north of the palace complex consisted of a rectangular, walled section 185 meters east to west and 200 meters north to south, making up the “dairi”.  That's almost 10 acres of enclosed space, set aside as the sovereign's personal living quarters. South of that was a smaller area with the front hall, one of the largest for its time.  It was 36 meters east to west and 19 meters north to south.  This would have been the hall called the “Daigokuden” in later palaces, where official rituals would take place.  There was a gate between it and the Dairi, to the north, as well as a gate to the south, flanked by two octagonal buildings, which led to the Chodoin, the main working area of the court complex. This is part of what sets this palace apart from others, and why it likely took a while to build.  It may also explain all the different palace names as there was probably a lot of construction for a long time.  In previous instances, as far as we can tell, the sovereign's palace was both their home and the building where state business was conducted.  Think, perhaps, of the White House, in the US, and then imagine that the White House, the Capitol Building, and the Supreme Court were all part of the same compound, with only the barest of concessions to privacy between them.  In this new layout, the dairi was reserved to the sovereign, there was a small area for the official throne room, and then south of that was the Chodoin, the court hall complex. This was a huge change to how things had operated in the past.  While the main audience hall was still nominally part of the dairi, so the “private” areas of the palace weren't entirely “private”, it was still leaps and bounds more separated than in the previous palaces we've uncovered.  Sure, the idea of lining up buildings from the front gate to the larger buildings towards the back, making people approach successively larger and more impressive buildings, generally seems to have been a thing as far back as the Makimuku Palace near Mt. Miwa, back in the third century, but even then, there is no clearly defined separation between the public and private spaces of the sovereign.  There does seem to have been restrictions on who could enter what parts of the compound, with the sovereign's personal quarters being the most restricted, but now there were walls and gates and guards separating one area from another. The Chodoin itself, the main “business” or “public” area of the court, appears to have been about 262.8 meters north to south and 233.6 meters east to west—a little over 15 acres.  Most of that was open space between the 14 “choudou” halls lined up symmetrically, 7 on either side.  These were the individual buildings where the various government officials were to meet and conduct business, as well as conduct rituals, feasts, etc.  There was a southern gate that provided the entrance to the Chodoin and led to another large area with the Choshuden, the buildings where officials could change into and out of their formal court uniforms, and otherwise prepare for or close out the day.  South of that was the main gate for the entire compound, the Suzaku gate, named for Suzaku, the red bird of the south, one of the four directional guardian spirits. We know the buildings largely from their post holes.  They were made of wood, and it is likely that most of them were thatched.  They may have been painted white, vermillion, and green—classic paints that were based on continental styles and which were said to help prevent the wooden pillars from rotting too quickly.  It is unsurprising that this would have taken years—but it is also possible that they built some quarters for the sovereign and then built out from there.  This also would have been key to a lot of the governmental reforms, providing an actual location for the work that the reforms were directing. Of course, there was a lot of work to be done, and the halls in the palace were limited, so two areas to the east and west of the complex were set aside and appear to have been built up with other government offices, suitable for carrying out the day to day minutiae that was required. There is still a question of whether or not they also instituted the larger grid system city layout around the palace complex.  Currently we have no evidence for that, though perhaps they were considering it, eventually.  Unfortunately, with all of the construction in Osaka over time, I don't know if we could be able to find or discern such a layout if we did find it.  For now, we will stick with what we know:  an absolute unit of a court complex that took them several years to build. Getting back to the Chronicles: Our next entry in the Nihon Shoki, after the New Years celebration, tells us that in the second month, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato Province, brought a white pheasant to the court.  The report claimed that it had been caught by Nihe, a relative of Obito, the Kuni no Miyatsuko of Anato, on the 9th day of the first month, on Mt. Wonoyama. For reference, the land of Anato was at the far western end of Honshu, part of the San'yodo, itself a designation for the lands along the Seto Inland Sea coast from Harima, modern Hyogo prefecture, out to Anato, modern Yamaguchi prefecture.  It was on the Honshu side of the Shimonoseki strait, which was the main entrance from the Korean Strait and the Japan Sea to the Seto Inland Sea.  The area would later be known as Nagato, which would eventually be called Choshu, an area which any students of the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate are sure to recognize. We discussed back in Episode 94 how white or albino animals—assuming they weren't normally white—were considered particularly auspicious.  So in 598, the land of Koshi sent a white deer they had found to the court of Kashikiya Hime, which is to say Suiko Tenno.  And so the white pheasant from Anato was clearly seen as an omen—but was it truly auspicious.  Here we see the court investigating this, and how exactly they go about that is somewhat enlightening as to how the court thought in general. First, they made inquiry of the lords of Baekje—I would suspect this referred to those recognized as Baekje nobility residing in the archipelago, rather than sending a correspondence to the peninsula and back.  That they went to someone from Baekje would seem to indicate the importance they placed on Baekje as a conduit for continental learning.  Indeed, the answer they got back—whether from a single, unnamed individual or a group of Baekje nobility—was that White Pheasants were recorded in the 11th year of Yongping, which would be 68 CE to us, during the reign of Ming of the later Han dynasty.  Han Mingdi, aka Emperor Ming of Han was born Liu Yang and also known as Liu Zhang, reigned from 57 to 75 CE.  Ming and his son, Emperor Zhang oversaw a period of particular prosperity for the Eastern Han dynasty.  On the other hand, there was an attempt to curse Emperor Ming in 67 CE, which ended with the death of the ambitious Prince Jing of Guanglin.  Then, in 70, Prince Ying of Chu was also convicted of using magic to try and secure blessings while he fomented revolution against the emperor, and he was exiled, where he committed suicide.  So I don't know if this marks the pheasant as particularly auspicious or not. Asking the Buddhist priests, who frequently studied not just Buddhist canon, but other continental texts, they mostly drew a blank—at least on the specifics of a white pheasant.  They did recommend that a general amnesty would not be amiss, as it would bring joy to the people.  I guess if you aren't sure about the nature of an omen you can certainly do something to help it out. And while they weren't specifically sure about a white pheasant in Buddhist scripture, a couple of priests did have suggestions. The Priest Doutou recounted a story from Goguryeo, when the court there wished to build a new Buddhist temple, but could not divine a suitable and auspicious site.  When someone witnessed a white deer, they chose that spot for the temple, which was then called the Temple of the Park of the White Deer.  According to Doutou, this temple established Buddhism in Goguryeo. Furthermore, he recounted, when a white sparrow was seen on the farmstead of another temple, or when a dead crow with three legs had been brought back from the Tang dynasty, the people had proclaimed both of these to be good omens.  So given all of that, Priest Doutou concluded, a white pheasant must be especially auspicious. The Priest Bin agreed.  Bin, you may recall, had been heavily relied upon for his knowledge in setting up the new governmental structure, which would seem to indicate that he was quite well-versed in continental ideas, and he had even traveled there himself.  He provided the court several different reasons that a white pheasant might appear. First, it might appear when a ruler extended his influence to all four quarters. Second, it might appear when the sovereign's sacrifices are appropriate, and when his banquets and clothing are in due measure. Third, it might appear when the sovereign cultivates frugality. Finally, it might appear when the sovereign was humane. He didn't provide any specific examples of how he arrived as his conclusions—at least nothing was recorded—and so he may have been relying on his own expertise.  However, he did recount one tale in particular.  It was a story from the time of Emperor Cheng Wang of the Zhou dynasty.  Cheng Wang is said to have reigned in the 11th century BCE, from 1042 to 1021, and so take that how you will.  Important to us is not what happened so much as what the Yamato court believed had happened—what was the historical truth that they were workin with at the time? According to Bin, during Cheng Wang's reign, the Yuehshang family brought a white pheasant to the court.  Apparently it had been three years without any exceptional storms or rains, and neither the rivers nor seas had flooded.  Apparently the old men found this an extremely long time to go without some kind of disaster, indicating that the pheasant was clearly an auspicious omen in deed. Priest Bin also mentioned other accounts, but the Chroniclers omitted them from the record. Whatever they were, the court had heard enough.  The White Pheasant was declared auspicious, and a new era was declared:  the Hakuchi, or White Pheasant, era.  They let the white pheasant loose in the royal garden, presumably with clipped wings or otherwise kept from flying off, and then preparations were made  immediately to officially inaugurate the new era 6 days later, on the 15th day of the 2nd month of 650. Before we get into that, though, I want to pause and take a look at something here:  The authority of precedent.  Time, as conceived of in the continental model, was cyclical.  There was the cycle of day and night.  The cycle of the year and the repeating seasons.  Likewise the planets and heavens all had their own cyclical periods.  In addition, there was the idea that the Yin and Yang forces in the universe likewise cycled through predictable patterns—the sexagenary cycle, or cycle of 60 years, being an example of a longer term cycle.  And then there was the Buddhist cycle or death and rebirth, at least as long as one remained tied to this mortal plane of existence. If time is cyclical, then one can look to the past to predict the present.   Stories of the past were seen as holding authority over similar events in the present.  Understanding these historical stories and being able to pull from them provided its own kind of power and authority.  Rather than attempting to reason from first principles, precedent was often a more convincing argument. Being able to read and write and recall all of these stories gave scholars the ability to influence events.  Of course, who had time to do all that other than people like Buddhist priests or the doctors of the court? This is also one of the reasons that people would have had to write down histories and, eventually, to keep diaries and accounts of what happened.  Those accounts would, over time, become essential records to invoke for moments like this—and even a record like the Nihon Shoki or the Kojiki would have similar significance.  In many ways, it is propaganda, but not just in how it describes the past as the Chroniclers wished it to be, but it set the precedent for succeeding eras to look back on.  While we may challenge that view, today, for many from the 8th century onward the events described in the Nihon Shoki were considered the gospel truth in more ways than one. Of course, all that aside, we've had plenty of auspicious events before, but why, now, would they be enough to trigger a new era?  Why not just note them and move on? Well, to start with, let's face it, nobody is likely to name 649 as the greatest year ever, any time soon, and certainly not the Yamato court.  The Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, had been tricked into thinking that his co-conspirator, Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro, was a traitor.  To be fair, Maro had been more than complicit in the murderous takedown of his own relatives to set up the current government, and history has time and again suggested that those who put someone on the throne can just as easily take them off it.  That's why they are often either brought deeper into the inner circle, or removed—either physically or more euphemistically.  In this case, though, it seems that fears of Naka no Oe and others were unjustified, and they sent the royal troops after an innocent man; or at least a man as innocent as any of the other elites at that time.  After all, the wealth of the elites came from the rice fields that they owned—or that were at least designated for their stipends—and they certainly weren't working those fields themselves, so make of that what you will. All of that had led to the death of Maro, his family, and the rest of his household.  That, in turn, led to the death of his daughter, Miyatsuko Hime, who was married to Naka no Oe himself.  When they finally did realize what had happened, the best justice they could figure out was to send the scandal-mongering Soga no Musa out to Tsukushi in a form of luxurious banishment.  Demotion by promotion, as he was made the Viceroy of Tsukushi, the top man of the court at the edge of the archipelago. To say that the year 649 had been a bust is an understatement.  Don't get me wrong, it was a far cry from the worst year that the archipelago had ever experienced—or would in the future, for that matter.  But that was scant comfort to the folks living in it. And so it was with some relief, I suspect, that the court welcomed news from the far flung land of Anato, because they really needed a distraction. With that in mind, let us move on to the events of the 15th day of the 2nd month of the year 650, describing how they inaugurated the new era.  Now, if the Chronicles are to be believed, this is not the first time they inaugurated a new era—we are told that year 645 was considered the first year of Taika, or Great Change.  But, assuming that did happen, and that it wasn't just named after the fact, the era would have started at the same time as a new reign.  Previously, from everything we can tell, dates were based regnal years.  Things are recorded as happening in the X year of Y sovereign.  Some of the oldest accounts seem to even note it more as X year of the sovereign who reigned from the Y palace, as the palace was likely more distinct a feature than the names and titles that they used, and the posthumous names, like “Koutoku Tennou” were not actually used until the end of the 7th or early 8th century. It is possible that Hakuchi is actually the first true nengo—or era name—and the first one that appears in the middle of a reign—though even here some say that the instantiation of “Hakuchi” is anachronistic. Personally, I see no harm in taking it at face value, at least for now, while acknowledging that everything in the Nihon Shoki is suspect.  Still, we are approaching a time when the events being written down may have still been in the living memory of people alive at that time.  720 is only 70 years away, and the project started even before then, so unless there are obvious discrepancies or supernatural events, we can probably assume that the Chronicles at this point are largely truthful, if possibly embellished. And so it is we are told of what happened.  To begin with, the court lined the ministers of the left and right and all of the functionaries in four lines outside the “purple” gate, as they would during a New Year's reception, like the one they had just had at the Ajifu palace.  The “Purple” gate was probably a reference to the southern gate The fact that the courtiers lined up at the south gate in the same way that they would have during a New Year's reception would seem to indicate that this was seen as the start of a new year.  It was no longer a Taika year—starting on that day it was now the first year of Hakuchi.  The month and day would not change, however, so it was still the 15th day of the 2nd month.  That means that technically the first year of Hakuchi would only have ten and a half months in the year—maybe eleven and a half, if there was an extranumerary month.  Likewise, the last year of Taika would only have one and a half months.  And if you are thinking that must make Japanese dates really tricky around the start or end of year, you don't know the half of it.  Sometimes events will get placed in the wrong “era” because they happened a few months before or after the change, and people forget that when they are translating to and from western dates.  It also means era names can't just give you the years of the era, but really need to give you the month and date it starts and ends.  Fortunately, most people are quite understanding about the occasional mistake.  But anyway, I digress. The courtiers were lined up as though for new years, and then they watched as Ahata no Omi no Ihimushi and three others bore a litter with the pheasant on it and went ahead through the gates.  The others followed in rank order—with the Ministers of the Left and Right leading the various functionaries.  The Baekje prince Pungjang and his uncle, Sesyeong Chyungseung, whom we mentioned back in Episodes 105 and 107, as well as Mochi, the physician to the King of Goguryeo, a scholar attached to the court of Silla, along with other important persons all advanced as well into the Central court of the palace. The pheasants litter was taken up by Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, Wina no Kimi no Takami, Miwa no Kimi no Mikaho, and Ki no Omi no Maro, who brought it to the front of the hall.  There, the ministers of the left and right then took the front of the litter, while the Prince of Ise, Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, and Kura no Omi no Woguso took hold of the rear.  Together, they placed it in front of the throne.  The sovereign, Kura, and the Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, examined the pheasant together. The Crown Prince then backed away, and the new Minister of the Left, Kose no Omi, presented a congratulatory address. He gave thanks to the sovereign and claimed that the pheasant was a sign that the sovereign would rule for one thousand autumns and ten thousand years across the Great Eight Islands—the Ohoyashima—of the archipelago and the four quarters of the earth.  Effectively, this is a long-winded version of “Banzai”, the congratulatory wish of ten thousand years of life for an emperor. Karu responded to this address by quoting auspicious times that white animals had been omens of good rule.  He then gave credit to the ministers and functionaries, and urged them to continue to provide good service.  Then he declared a general amnesty, forgiving various offenses, and noted that the era name would change to “Hakuchi”. Karu then directed presents to be handed out to the Ministers, the Daibu, the officials of lower rank, all the way down to the clerks.  Each received gifts commensurate with their rank.  Finally, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato, was commended, and granted the rank of Daisen along with what we are told were a goodly number of presents.  In addition, the commuted taxes and corvees of Anato were remitted for three years, meaning that Anato would be allowed to keep all of the rice and product for themselves—something that was likely quite significant, though it is unclear whether this means that it was felt down at the level of basic workers or it just meant that the governor was able to keep what he taxed from the people for himself. And with that, we enter a new era.  Forget the unfortunate bloodshed and regrettable decisions of the previous year, this was a new start.  And that is often how these eras were seen.  Whether it was a new reign or things were just going so poorly that the court felt there needed to be a new start, future nengo would often follow a similar pattern.   And there was no set time for how long an era would last.  In fact, here's a little trivia for you:  The shortest nengo in Japanese history was “Ryakunin”, and it lasted just under two and a half months from late 1238 to the start of 1239.  It really shows how important it was to come up with a good name of these eras, as “ryakunin”, which seems to mean something like “humane period”, could also be written with characters meaning “abbreviated person”.  So they decided to abbreviate the era, instead, changing the era name again. This first year of the new era of Hakuchi continued relatively normally.  In the fourth month there were envoys from Silla—another source, according to the Nihon Shoki, claimed that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla sent envoys every year from this reign onward.  Then, in the tenth month, we see more work being done on the palace—presumably the Ajifu palace.  We are told that presents were given out in respect to tombs that had been demolished to make room for the new construction, as well as for the people who had been moved off their land.  Then Aratawi no Atahe no Hirafu was sent to place the boundary posts, no doubt marking out the outer extremities of the new palace precincts. In addition, that month work began—no doubt at the court's direction—on a giant tapestry, or mandala, with a sixteen foot tall Buddha image, attendant Boddhisatvas, and figures of all eight classes of beings according to the Buddhist cosmology.  That includes Heavenly beings, such as Devas; dragons; demonic Yaksha, Gandharva, and Asura; the bird-like Garuda and Kimnara; and the snake-like Mahoraga.  All told, there were some 46 figures.  It doesn't seem to say where it was to be installed, though it may have been made for the new palace complex. Also in that year we are told that the court ordered Aya no Yamaguchi no Atahe no Ohoguchi to carve one thousand images of Buddha—but once again, we aren't told where they resided.  We do know that the 16 foot tall embroidered Buddha was completed in the 3rd month of 651: it had taken them approximately five months.  The day after they were completed, the Dowager Queen, Takara no Himemiko, aka the former sovereign, Kougyoku Tennou, who had stepped down in 645, invited ten Buddhist teachers and prepared a feast and entertainment, likely to bless and show off the completed images. At the end of 651, the palace itself was finally complete.  We are told that over 2100 priests were invited to the Ajifu palace to read the Issaikyo on  the last day of the year.  The Issaikyo is the entirety of the Buddhsit canon, and so this was probably done in the abbreviated tendoku style, with priests just reading the chapter headings and flipping through the sutras, though with 2100 it is possible they just each red a different portion, all at the same time.  As it grew dark, the palace courtyard was kept bright with 2700 lights while we are told that the Antaku and Dosoku sutras were read.  Aston notes that these “sutras” of Antaku and Dosoku don't appear to reference any actual sutras that we know of, and posits that they may simply be rituals for home safety and the like.  Given what we know about the fate of so many of these old wooden palaces, it makes sense. After the sutras were read, the sovereign, Karu, formally moved from his residence in Ohogohori into the new palace, which was called Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya.  As I noted at the beginning, it is unclear if this was the Ohogohori or Wogohori, and it is even somewhat murky as to whether or not it was considered a palace.  Not to mention that after the New Year's ceremonies were completed, the royal chariot—which would have been carrying the sovereign—went back to Ohogohori.  I guess things weren't quite ready yet.  He would return on the 9th day of the third month, and even then we don't see a note that the palace was completed until the 9th month of 652.. There is a lot here where we see things that appear to be scheduled so that they can occur on auspicious days, even if everything else isn't quite ready.  So, for example, reading the sutras and formally “moving” into the palace on the last day of the year so that one could host the New Year's celebration there the next day.  That seems like something that was done purely for ceremonial purposes.  You may recall that in 650 they did the same thing. There are a few more references to the palace.  On the 15th of the 4th month of 652, the Buddhist ascetic E'on was invited into the Dairi to explain the Muryouju Sutra, also known as the Sukhavati Vyuha sutra.  E'on was made a lecturer, and there were said to be 1,000 ascetics in the audience, listening to his teachings.  That apparently went on for five days, being discontinued on the 20th day.  And the power of the sutras, and E'on's teachings, is shown in the weather, because the Chronicles claim that large rains began to fall in a monsoon that lasted for nine days.  This wasn't a gentle “water your crops” kind of rain.  This was more like a “demolish your buildings and destroy your fields” kind of rain.  There must have been massive flooding as men, horses, and cattle were caught up in the water and drowned. Given the way this is written, I'm not entirely certain of the takeaway.  Were the sutras that powerful that they brought rain, and E'on didn't understand his own strength?  Or was it a punishment for stopping E'on from continuing his lecture?  Or was it the rains that caused the lectures to stop, perhaps making it untennable for people to sit out in the courtyard and listen as the rains came down?  My rational brain suspects the latter, but I'm not sure how it was read by the people of the 8th century. On the last day of 652, priests and nuns from around the country were invited to the dairi, to the interior of the palace, and entertained and given a feast.  Alms were given and lights kindled to celebrate the new year. But that's the last entry I really see for the palace, as such.  There was plenty more happening through the era, and we'll touch on that.  We start to see Silla and Tang dynasty getting chummy, and we also see some of the reforms still working their way across the land.  We also have Yamato's own expeditions out to the Great Tang dynasty.  But we'll save that for the next episode, as we continue to dive into the Hakuchi era. And so, until next time, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

The truth of Gaara's backstory is revealed, and IT HURTS. Naruto and Bee fight a reanimated Itachi and Nagato. Naruto remembers THE most important thing and rushes to aid his friends. More battle with the Kage of old. Kabuto has some absolute BS up his sleeve. Covering Episodes 296-302. Team 7 is a watch through of Naruto Shippuden with three friends in various stages of their exposure and love for anime. Watch along with us and join in our conversation! Follow us on TikTok & Instagram @team7podcast linktr.ee/team7podcast

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#PRC: #Japan: ROK: Wang Yi charm offensive. Lance Gatling, principal of Nexial Research based in Tokyo,@GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Japan-and-China-foreign-ministers-vow-to-improve-mutual-ties 1927 Nagato

RAGE OF THE USAAF MARCH-AUGUST 1945: 8/8: Black Snow: Curtis LeMay, the Firebombing of Tokyo, and the Road to the Atomic Bomb by  James M. Scott  https://www.amazon.com/Black-Snow-Curtis-Firebombing-Atomic/dp/1324002999/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1X64JYW3Z1OT9&keywords=BLACK+SNOW+JAMES+SCOTT&qid=1674137497&s=books&sprefix=black+snow+james+scott%2Cstripbooks%2C61&sr=1-1 Seven minutes past midnight on March 10, 1945, nearly 300 American B-29s thundered into the skies over Tokyo. Their payloads of incendiaries ignited a firestorm that reached up to 2,800 degrees, liquefying asphalt and vaporizing thousands; sixteen square miles of the city were flattened and more than 100,000 men, women, and children were killed. 1927 NAGATO 

Fresh off the killing of Anahobe and the destruction of the Mononobe, Soga no Umako is riding high as a new sovereign, Prince Hasebe, takes the throne.  Surely things will have finally settled down, won't they have done? For more, check out our podcast page at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-92 Rough Transcription: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan. My name is Joshua and this is Episode 92: Death or Taxes, aka Don't Piss Off Umako. Before we get going, a quick recap: we are still in the late 6th century, and since the death of Nunakura Futodamashiki, aka Bidatsu Tennou, things have been a bit crazy.  The number of apparently legitimate heirs was rather impressive.  There were the various siblings of Nunakura, both full and half-siblings, and there were his children and his siblings' children.  On top of that, there were some truly tense politics amongst some of the most powerful families in the realm, particularly the ancient Mononobe and the more recent Soga family, who had tied themselves so closely with the royal family through marriage that at this point just about every possible heir to the throne was in some way a Soga descendant.  The stories of this era have been filled with stories of death, war, and struggles for the throne.  Finally, there is the tension between Buddhism, which was first introduced in the early 6th century, and the established worship of the various kami, which also speaks to the tensions between various sources of spiritual political authority. As we discussed int the last two episodes, when Nunakura passed away, Prince Anahobe tried to take the throne, and he was initially thwarted by Miwa no Kimi no Sakahe, aka Sakahe no Kimi.  Anahobe, possibly with the assistance of his brother, Prince Hasebe, as well as Mononobe no Ohomuraji no Moriya, killed Sakahe no Kimi, pissing off Nunakura's former Queen, Kashikiya Hime.  Next, Nakatomi no Muraji no Katsumi, in support of Mononobe no Moriya, attempted to curse several of the candidates with stronger claims on the throne, and when that didn't work, he just out and out killed Crown Prince Hikobito, getting offed himself in the process.  Throughout all of this, another prince, Tachibana no Toyohi, apparently ascended, briefly, but seems to have died of natural causes.  In the process, however, he provided legitimacy for his own children as Royal Princes and Princesses to also contest for the throne. Moriya's support of Anahobe led to the death of Prince Anahobe, Prince Yakabe, and Moriya and his family—and many of his supporters, as well.  And yet, despite the loss of the Mononobe and Prince Anahobe, the next heir to the throne, with the approval of Queen Kashikiya Hime, was none other than Prince Hatsusebe, aka Hasebe, a full brother to the rebel Prince Anahobe and the focus of this episode.  If this all seems a bit confusing regarding the individuals and different factions, then congratulations, you've been paying attention.  The narrative certainly seems to be missing some key information, likely lost in the attempt to either whitewash some of the more contentious historical records, or simply due to the Chroniclers' attempts to create a more straightforward narrative out of a complex era which probably saw various courts competing to be recognized as the court that was actually making the decisions—something that doesn't exactly fit in with the attempt to tell the story of a relatively unbroken royal line. And yet, despite the chaos, we do see a solidification of power and control in general, as evidenced by the shift in late 6th century tomb structures.  As I may have mentioned in previous episodes, the Yamato area continued to build monumental round keyhole shaped tombs, but that shape of tomb simultaneously declined in nearby regions, which saw more round or square shaped—or even square keyhole shaped—tombs instead.  On the other hand, at the periphery, at the farthest reaches of the archipelago, we continue to see round keyhole shaped tombs in the Yamato style. This is all likely due to a consolidation of Yamato's power and authority.  Previously we had seen that start with the proliferation of the Yamato style tomb, but even from early times those round keyhole tombs were interspersed with other, typically smaller tombs.  The general assumption, based on the size, grave goods, and other archaeological features, is that the round keyhole tomb, at least in a Yamato context, was reserved for the Yamato royal family and only those of the most elite status.  In the Yamato and Kawachi regions, this seems to have held true, but further afield, local magnates adopted the round keyhole tombs for themselves, perhaps even appropriating some of the prestige of that tomb shape for themselves.  Similarly, it is very likely that Yamato did not have the power to stop local rulers from building whatever the heck they wanted, despite the impression given by the Chroniclers that all was hunky-dory as soon as Mimaki Iribiko and Ikume Iribiko sent out people to subdue the four corners of the archipelago. Whether because of an increased military might, or because of a cultural change in accepting Yamato's leadership, more and more lands seem to have been more directly under Yamato's sway, following their customs and accepting their position in the Yamato hierarchy.  To put it another way: in many parts of the archipelago, particularly those closer to Yamato, we do not see continued claims of “kingship” by the local elite.  They have accepted a lower status in the evolving hierarchy, presumably gaining some security and access to resources of the entire Yamato polity in the process, though that isn't entirely clear to me based purely on the archaeological evidence.  But according to our tomb theory, those on the periphery, where Yamato's control remained the weakest, continued to build their own round keyhole tombs, indicating they still considered themselves somewhat independent, even as they remained influenced by Yamato's overall cultural affectations. Into this world, Prince Hasebe ascended the throne.  Prince Hasebe was another half-brother to Nunakura Futodamashiki.  Like his full brother, Prince Anahobe Hasetsukabe, he was a Soga descendant through the maternal line.  We are told that his ascension was endorsed by Kashikiya Hime, his half-sister, and another Soga-descended royal.  He assumed the throne almost immediately following the turmoil that resulted in Anahobe's death and the destruction of Mononobe no Moriya.  This was in 587, and for the next five years, the reign appeared to be similar to any other, but I suspect that things hadn't quite settled, yet.  How could they?  It seems clear that it was way too easy for political violence to break out, and despite the Chronicles' insistence that everything was fine, many of the systemic issues that led to the violence in the first place were still there. To start with, you still had all of those potential heirs to the throne, and no clear succession tradition or precedence.  On top of that, each household, while created to serve the Court, had grown into its own political entity, vying for their own level of power and control.  No doubt some of this was exacerbated as Yamato's influence grew, bringing more people directly under Yamato's authority. I also can't help but notice that there appears to be a lack of any kind of clear justice system.  In fact, laws in general at this time appear to be based on precedent and tradition, likely oral tradition: although we have writing, we don't have a written system of laws just yet.  We have artifacts with writing on them.  We also have records of books coming over from the continent, which presumably people were able to read.  However, what was writing being used for?  It appears to have been used for communication—for example, diplomatic missions, or to send instructions and receive information back from the various lands under Yamato's rule.  David Lurie notes that this was a kind of practical writing, and it wasn't the same as the kind of extensive journaling that we would see later. It makes sense that much of the laws and traditions at this time were probably based on memorized precedent.  Groups like the Kataribe were organized around an oral tradition, and even the Kojiki was based on a tradition of oral recitation that was still in place by the late 7th century.  I suspect that different families maintained their own memories of precedence and tradition, collectively advising on what should be done in any given situation. This isn't exactly the kind of legal system with firm and fast rules, with everyone equal under the law, and some sort of immutable code.  That wasn't solely because it wasn't written down, mind you—there are plenty of cultures with oral traditions that maintain very clear sets of laws.  However, in this case it was not written down and given what we see and what we know about later court, legal precedent was kept in the memories of various individuals in different families, all of whom were competing for their place in the hierarchical structure that had been created.  Therefore, as long as you could get enough people on your side, then you determined what was just and what was not.  And of course it was the winners who wrote—or at least remembered—the history.   Strong leadership may have been able to keep things stable, but during any change things could get messy, as we've seen time and again.  And had Anahobe and the Mononobe been triumphant we'd likely be reading a very different telling of events. Hasebe's ascension didn't really change any of that, other than the person at the head of the system.  Still, things seemed to hold together alright, and with the recent purges, hopefully things would settle out after a while. The reign started with the standard ceremonies.  Soga no Umako was confirmed as Oho-omi, and though other “Ministers and Daibu”, or high officials, were confirmed, nobody else is named.  Hasebe's palace was set up at Kurahashi, presumably in the hills south of modern Sakurai.  His wife was Koteko, daughter of Ohotomo no Nukade. In his first year, Baekje sent envoys that included Buddhist priests and relics, along with various Buddhist artisans.  We'll probably touch on them more at a later date, but for now I'll note that with their coming, Soga no Umako consulted with them on several matters regarding Buddhism, and then he went ahead and pulled down the house of a man named Konoha and started work on another temple.  This one was known as Hokoji, though it is more popularly known to us by its common name:  Asukadera. Asukadera is perhaps the oldest purpose-built Buddhist temple commissioned by the state, and I think we can do an entire episode just on that temple alone.  The Chronicles make out that it was built to commemorate the supernatural support granted to Umako in his battle against Mononobe no Moriya, though it is impossible to know for certain how much of that is true.  What we can say is that this time there were no dissenting voices from the Mononobe nor the Nakatomi, and Asukadera would become one of the major temples of the Asuka period.  Later, when the capital was built up at Heijo-kyo, in modern Nara, the temple was moved to the new capital, and the complex in Asuka dwindled in importance.  Today you can still visit a temple at the site of Asukadera, but it is a shell of its former self, having been rebuilt on a much smaller footprint than before.   You can, however, go and see the original Buddha statue—or at least the reconstructed form of it, as the original icon was severely damaged in a fire at one point. But building up a proper temple and pagoda in the continental fashion would all take time—for now it appears that they were just breaking ground on a new construction, rather than just repurposing a part of an existing house into the temple, as they had seemingly done in the past.  This was going to take some time.  At the same time, it wasn't just buildings that were needed, and we are told that several Buddhists returned to Baekje along with the envoys.  We are told that they were going to Baekje to gain further instruction in Buddhist teachings. This was the nun Zenshin, daughter of Shiba Tattou, and her companions, who had been ordained at the order of Soga no Umako to help staff his first attempt at building a worship site at his house. The following year, in 589, we are told that there were three “inspections” that were sent out along the various circuits, or roadways, of eastern Honshu.  These circuits were regions of Japan, and come from a continental tradition that would be formalized in the law codes of the early 7th century.  Generally speaking there are usually 7 circuits—8 once Hokkaidou comes into the picture—and then the capital region, often known as the home territories around Yamato and the Nara basin.  Kyushu and Shikoku were each covered by their own circuits:  The Saikaidou, or Western Sea Circuit, covered all of Kyushu, and eventually the Ryukyu islands as well, while the Nankaidou, or Southern Sea circuit covered from the south of the Kii peninsula and the island of Shikoku.  Western Honshu was covered by another two circuits—there was the San'indou, the Mountain Yin Circuit, and the San'yodou, the Mountain Yang Circuit.  Yin being related to the dark and the north, the San'indou covered the areas to the north of the Western mountain range along the Japan Sea coast, from the land of Tanba west to Iwami, including the lands of Inaba and Izumo.  In contrast, Yang was related to the south, and so the San'yodou covered the regions from Harima, next to the land of Settsu, part of modern Ohosaka, and stretched along the southern side of the mountains to the Seto Inland sea to the western land of Nagato, part of modern Yamaguchi Prefecture, and included the ancient land of Kibi. Finally, there were the three circuits of Eastern Honshu, which were the subject of the Chronicles entry in 589.  First off was the Tousando, or the Eastern Mountain Circuit.  Whereas western Honshu can be largely divided by the mountains into a northern and southern region, eastern Honshu was a little different, as the Japanese alps created difficulties that meant that the Tousandou covered the inland regions, starting at Afumi, around lake Biwa, out to Kenu—modern Gunma and Tochigi prefectures, north of Tokyo.  It would eventually include the distant regions of Dewa and Mutsu, which covered much of the Tohoku region up to Hokkaido, although those were still largely outside of the area of Yamato influence, and home to those that the Yamato court called Emishi.  The man sent to inspect this region was named Afumi no Omi no Kamafu—fitting given that Afumi was at the western end of the circuit. Next they sent Shishibito no Omi no Kari to inspect the Toukaidou, or Eastern Sea circuit.  This circuit proceeded from Iga, Ise, and Owari, eastward along the Pacific coast to Hitachi, in modern Ibaraki prefecture.  It includes much of modern Tokyo, and is likely one of the more well known, if only for things like the JR Tokaido line.  This route became well traveled in the Edo period both for the daimyo processions of the sankin-kotai as well as the pilgrimages from Edo to Ise, and onward to points even further west. Finally, we have a member of the Abe no Omi heading out to inspect the Hokurikudou, the Northern Land Circuit.  This was largely the area known in the Chronicles as Koshi, along the Japan Sea Coast.  The Abe family may have had some influence in that region, though it is said that they originally came from the land of Iga, just east of Yamato.  However, we aren't given a specific individual's name—Abe no Omi is just the family name and their kabane rank, and could indicate any member of the Abe family.  This may have to do with the actions of Abe no Hirafu in the late 7th century, but at this point in the story it is unclear.  We are provided the given names of the other inspectors, however—Kamafu and Kari—so it stands out that we have nothing for the inspector of the Hokurikudou other than their family name. Other than the mention of the circuits, and the inspections that the court was conducting, this seems to be a fairly mundane entry—though it does link to some later events.  Still, it provides a little more evidence for the expansion of Yamato's direct control.  The idea that there were court inspectors checking up on these territorial circuits suggests that they were a somewhat active part of the bureaucracy of the court.  Previously the court had set up the Miyake, or royal granaries, which were extensions of royal authority in various areas.  Now we see an additional layer of government that would have been going through the areas and making sure that things were being administered as Yamato believed.  It also suggests that there were those in these circuits who were beholden to Yamato in that they were required to produce some kind of evidence for what they were up to. The year after, in 590, the big news was apparently the return to Japan of Zenshin and others, and we are told that they took up residence at a temple in Sakurai – very possibly a reference to Hokoji or Asukadera, the newly-founded temple we just discussed.  Asuka is outside of the modern bounds of Sakurai city, but at this time the name Sakurai may have referred to a slightly larger and more nebulous area.  On the other hand, they could have settled at another temple in the area that just wasn't part of the state funded program.  In that same vein, later in 590 we are told that people went up into the hills to get timber for building Buddhist temples, and many more people, most of them with connections to the mainland, and especially the Korean peninsula, were ordained.  Buddhism was starting to grow more popular and it was being better patronized by the elites, and soon we will start to see more and more temples popping up. In 591, we see the final burial of Nunakura Futodamashiki, aka Bidatsu Tennou.  This was now many years since his death, but that isn't entirely surprising given the fighting and general turmoil that followed his death.  Building a tomb mound was not exactly a simple feat, and if one wasn't already prepared by the time he passed away, then it would have taken a while to prepare it—and even more time if much of your labor force was being split and repurposed in the fights for the throne.  As you may recall, Nunakura died of a disease, so it is unlikely that there had been a lot of preparation for his death, so we can assume that his body, after resting in the palace of temporary interment for a while, was eventually given a temporary burial and then they likely were reburying the bones several years later.  This isn't exactly unheard of, but it does seem that this was an exceptionally long period between death and final burial. The location of his tomb is said to be on the western side of the mountains, outside of the Nara Basin, in the area  of modern Taishi, in the south of Ohosaka.  This seems to have been a new region for royal burials, from what I can tell, but there would be several important Asuka era burials located in this region. Later in that same year, Hasebe and the court indulged themselves in something that was becoming almost a tradition:  Wondering aloud if they should go marching over to the peninsula and re-establish Nimna.  There's apparently no thought the fact that Nimna had not been a going concern for quite some time now, and this may have just been the popular casus belli of the Yamato court.  Of course, all of the ministers were for it, agreeing that it would be just the best if they could go over there and get Nimna started again. And so they set in motion the necessary work of gathering an army.  This wasn't a simple task and would take quite some time to get the word out, gather men together, and then have them all meet down in Tsukushi at the court's outpost down there.  Not only that, but there would need to be boats made, and armor and weapons would have to be ready.  This was quite the undertaking.  We are told that they eventually gathered over 20,000 men, though that could easily be an exaggeration.  They named five generals, or Taishogun.  This is different from the “Shogun” of later years—the Sei-I Taishogun, or General for Subduing Barbarians.  This is just the title of general, Taishogun, and there were apparently five people who were running things—possibly referring to five different forces that were going to go over, or it may have been a political thing to ensure that people of rank were given opportunities.  It is interesting to see the names, as we have heard some of the family names, at least, before. The five generals were:  Ki no Womaro no Sukune, Kose no Omi no Hirafu, Kashiwade no Omi no Katafu, Ohotomo no Kuhi no Muraji, and Katsuraki no Wonara no Omi.  Then various other Omi and Muraji level individuals were placed in charge below them.  They were all stationed in Tsukushi and two men, Kishi no Kana and Kishi no Itahiko were sent to Silla and Nimna respectively, presumably to try to work something out before things got ugly. That was all listed in the 11th month of 591, and preparations were still ongoing by the time of the next entry, in the 10th month of 592. So remember how I mentioned at the top of the episode about how many of the systemic issues that had led to so much war and bloodshed were still a thing?  Yeah—despite the seemingly rosy and downright mundane picture of the last five years, things were apparently not quite as stable as they may have appeared.  And I say that because of what happened in the 10th month of 592. We are told that this was the winter, possibly around late November or December according to our modern calendar—trying to map ancient lunar calendar dates to modern solar dates are a whole thing, trust me.  Anyway, it was during this season that someone brought in a wild boar and presented it to the sovereign.  And there was nothing too sus going on there—it wasn't a white boar or some kind of unusually large animal.  No, what was remarkable wasn't the presentation at all, but what it kicked off, because apparently Hasebe looked at the boar and made an off-hand comment, which Aston translates as: “When shall those to whom We have an aversion be cut off as this wild boar's throat has been cut.” Just in case you didn't get the allusion, he was basically wondering when those people whom he didn't like would be killed—though possibly he meant cut off in another sense, I think it is pretty clear that he wanted some people taken care of, if you know what I mean.  I would liken it to a phrase attributed to King Henry II of England, who is said to have wondered aloud, “Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest”, which led to several men heading out and eventually killing Thomas Becket, the then Archbishop of Canterbury.  While Henry may not have actually ordered the killing of Thomas Becket, with whom he'd been in something of a power struggle, his words certainly ended up being the catalyst that led to the archbishop's eventual demise. Similarly here, that certainly seems to have been the intent, or at least that is how it was taken.  Word of the sovereign's outburst made it back to none other than Soga no Umako, the Oho-omi himself, who grew more than a little bit worried.  It didn't help that word was also coming that the royal household was apparently stockpiling weapons—more than usual. Soga no Umako came to believe that Hasebe was talking about him, and though there wasn't a particular reason given, it suggests that there were some things going on below the surface detailed by the Chronicles, and we can speculate on a few of them. First off, Hasebe had not been the first choice for sovereign, and he didn't really enter the picture until after the death of his brother, Prince Anahobe. Anahobe had, of course, believed that he should take the throne himself, but then he was killed.  It is possible that Hasebe was appointed sovereign to appease some of Anahobe's supporters against the wishes of those such as Soga no Umako. Second, it is clear that Umako was immensely influential and powerful, and he probably had more influence than the sovereign himself.  Always remember that if someone raises an army and helps put you on the throne, rather than themselves, they usually have the ability to do the same thing in reverse.  Or, as so many parents are fond of saying: I brought you into this world, I can take you out!  So it may be that Hasebe felt threatened by Umako's own power and felt he needed to be dealt with before Soga no Umako decided that he'd rather have someone more pliable on the throne.  Of course, in another time it might have been enough to just demote him, but it is unclear if Hasebe actually had the power to do that—and if he did, would it stick. There is also another option as well—Hasebe may not have said anything at all, and it is possible that this was a story concocted to explain Umako's own reaction.  This is hinted at, somewhat, in another account that basically comes in once again with the tired “blame the woman” trope.  It suggests that Ohotomo no Koteko, Hasebe's consort and the mother to his two children, started the whole thing as a rumor.  According to this account, she was “declining in favor”—although it is unclear just whom else she was competing against.  If that record is correct, she was the one who told Umako about what Hasebe was purportedly saying, knowing that it would cause problems for her husband because she was unhappy with him.  Even if that were true, we don't know whether or not Hasebe actually said what is attributed to him. Again, regardless of what Hasebe actually said, all of this suggests that things were not as solid and stable as they might otherwise appear to be, and suggests just how literally cut-throat the politics of the Yamato court could get. And so, Soga no Umako took this threat quite seriously, and he engaged the services of one Yamato no Aya no Atahe no Koma. We don't know much about Koma.  The Yamato no Aya were one of several Aya families, and their name suggests that they were descended, at least in part, from ethnic Han Chinese weavers—or at least traced their lineage back to the continent with claims to the Han dynasty, just as the Hata family claimed ties back to the Qin dynasty.  They had been in Japan for generations, but are still often associated with various technologies that came over from the continent. There is also a record, we are told, that says Koma's father was Yamato no Aya no Iwai—whose name is suspiciously similar to that of the Iwai in Tsukushi, or Kyushu, who had allied with Silla and tried to block trade and military support between Yamato and Baekje.  It is possible, and even probable, that this was just a coincidence—after all, why would the son of a rebel who had so aggravated Yamato be in the court at all?  But it was considered significant enough for the Chroniclers to mention it at the same time, and that may be because of the relationship back to that other rebel. Now, for Koma to take action, he and Umako would need to act quickly.  Soga no Umako sent a message to the court ministers and claimed that he was sending someone to present the taxes of the Eastern provinces.  As you may recall from earlier in this episode, a few years earlier inspectors had been sent out along the three eastern circuits.  It would have taken them time to survey, compile their information, and collect any taxes owed, and bring that back to the court.  Umako lied to the other ministers and said that the taxes were ready, and he was sending someone to the sovereign to present the taxes. Of course, he was really sending Yamato no Aya no Koma, and in lieu of taxes he brought death—somewhat fitting if you think about it.  Koma killed the sovereign and then, somehow, made his escape.  Unlike some of the other killings we aren't given too many details of the deed itself. What we are given is the aftermath.  For later in that same month, Soga no Umako had Koma himself killed.  And this is where I find it really weird, or perhaps the Chroniclers were just in denial.  They claimed that Soga no Umako had learned that Koma had been having a clandestine relationship with Kawakami no Iratsume, herself a consort of the sovereign and Soga no Umako's own daughter.  Koma had apparently taken her back to his place to live and made her his wife in secret—basically saying that they had carnal relations together as man and wife, though it is not clear whether or not they were consensual.  Umako thought that his daughter was dead, but when he learned that Yamato no Aya no Koma had taken her, he had Koma killed. And that just all seems so very convenient.  So Soga no Umako has enough influence over Koma to get him to assassinate the sovereign, but somehow misses that his co-conspirator in this has eloped with his daughter, and then kills him out of apparently justified rage?  Uh-huh.  Nothing fishy about that at all. I suspect that what happened at the time versus what was later recorded differed slightly.  Assuming that most of it was accurate, I wouldn't be surprised if Umako got Koma to do the dirty deed, and then offed him, possibly so that he would not be immediately implicated.  Even so, what were the laws around such events?  With Hasebe gone, and nobody else in power to challenge him, Soga no Umako was one of the most powerful people around.  He just didn't have the parental qualifications to take the throne himself. And that is probably what saved him from being labeled a rebel, himself.  After all, you don't get much more rebellious than killing the king.  But is it rebellion when it is self-defense?  Here is where the lack of a strict law code likely came down on the side of Soga no Umako, because despite his involvement, nobody seems to have gone after him or taken him to task.  In fact, he would remain a powerful figure in the Yamato court for years to come. There are also several figures who seem to have remained absent from all of this, but it would be interesting to know where they came down.  The first was Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi.  Did he sanction or even take part in this plot?  Umayado was still somewhat young, so he may not have had much to say at this point.  Then there was Kashikiya Hime, Nunakura's queen.  Presumably, she had been the one to recommend Hasebe to the throne, but we also see her hand in the decision to punish Anahobe and the Mononobe, which we discussed over the last couple of episodes.  She is often kept at arms length in the narrative, however, which may be because of what the Chroniclers already knew.  With the court once more in need of an heir they searched high and low, and the assembled ministers finally settled on the candidate they thought would be the best of all of them:  Kashikiya Hime herself.  It makes sense: Kashikiya Hime, who is known today as Suiko Tennou, clearly knew how the court operated.  She had sanctioned, if not outright directed, the deaths of Anahobe and Mononobe no Moriya. On the other hand, the patriarchal society of the day—and even that of modern day scholars—questioned her fitness for the job.  Many have pointed to the strongman tactics of Soga no Umako, as well as the focus on Prince Umayado, whom she made her Crown Prince and whom, we are told, assisted in all areas of government.  In fact, it often seems as though Umayado and Umako are the ones actually running things, with Kashikiya Hime as a puppet.  On the other hand, perhaps there was something even more complex—a conspiracy between Umako, Umayado, and Kashikiya Hime.  She may have also been something of a compromise candidate, someone that all of the different factions could get behind. We'll explore all of that and more as we get into her reign in the coming episodes, along with the role played by Prince Umayado.  We'll also look more in depth at the spread of Buddhism, and the temple building that would pick up shortly after Kashikiya Hime came to power.  Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan. 

Photo: 1927 Nagato. No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow #PRC: Floods and Xi. Charles Burton, senior fellow at the Centre for Advancing Canada's Interests Abroad at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/flood-zhuozhou-08042023105657.html

01. Visceral - panic room 02. Triamer & Nagato - we are 03. the Outside Agency & the Satan - the rule 04. Iridium - salem 05. the Sin Project & Dj Delirium & XTNTA - the greatest trick 06. Inqoherent - hypersleep 07. Lenny Dee & Malke - Core to the rotten 08. Zerberuz - Nightmare 09. Dolphin - lizs breaks 10. the Dj Producer - can´t describe it (finally) 11. Stolen Cult - the underworld 12. D-Srupt - stuck in my ways 13. Detest - you & me 14. Poley Tight - shoot these pranksters (Drokz Remix) 15. the Satan - Pit Bull 16. BMG & Detest - Ghetto Bass 17. Inqoherent - never look back 18. Dolphin - Buckshot 19. the Noizedizorder - poor sucker 20. Detest - shoot you right now 21. Xaturate & Sinister Souls - Skullfucker 22. Hellfish & Skeeta - the ripper (Angerfist Remix) 23. Counterattack & Darkcontroller - coming 4 war 24. Detest - trap shit https://www.facebook.com/AnaKonda2411 https://on.soundcloud.com/UCMazNcUmRbEmTwS6 https://instagram.com/xx__anakonda__xx?igshid=OGQ5ZDc2ODk2ZA==

In today's episode, I talk to my friend Nagato, a crypto influencer with over 200,000 followers across Twitter and Instagram. Nagato is a successful trader and has spent the last few years traveling the world and motivating people through his writings.He's quickly become the king of long-form posts on Twitter, penning mini-speeches everyday to his highly engaged audience, encouraging them to remain unemotional through the ups and downs of the markets and of life, and to continue focusing on building towards their dreams.Today we talk about taking a long-term approach with your audience, how YOU can go viral with long tweets, and Nagato's bold prediction for the cryptocurrency market.Subscribe to the FREE Pointing Up Newsletter to get early access to new episodes PLUS exclusive answers to questions that don't make it on the show → https://greglunt.com/email0:00 Intro0:56 Playing The Long Game4:16 Traveling As A Creator6:12 Doxxing Yourself Online8:05 Going Viral w/ Long-Form Tweets11:33 Email Newsletters14:00 Instagram17:20 Using Memes & Humor21:06 Networking on Social Media23:36 Wifi Money26:54 Crypto Market Prediction38:02 Nagato's Final MessageNagato's Links ⇩

Rock talks to Ari Guerriero, Strength & Conditioning Coach for the Nagato Blue Angels, Japan's championship womens' sevens rugby team. Give a listen and click subscribe. TIME STAMPS 1:15 Ari's international path with rugby 4:45 Cultural differences and integrating in 10:00 Rugby in Japan 17:00 Pre-season rugby training & conditioning 21:00 Sandbag, water bag, and medicine ball training 29:30 Training for the scrum 36:00 Training considerations with menstrual cycle 40:30 Common injury sites in rugby 44:30 Applying outside information 49:00 Blue Angels training GET TO KNOW ARI GUERRIERO LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aristide-guerriero-ms-rscc-cscs-tsac-f-usatf-usaw-a968b65a/ NAGATO BLUE ANGELS: http://en.rugby-japan.jp/schedule/team/10577/ GET TO KNOW ROCKY SNYDER MEET: Visit the Rocky's online headquarters: RockySnyder.com READ: Grab a copy of his new "Return to Center" book: ReturntoCtr.com INSTA: Instagram fan, check him out at https://www.instagram.com/rocky_snyder/ FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/rocky.snyder.77 LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rocky-snyder-cscs-cafs-nsca-cpt-a77a091/ TRAIN WITH ROCKY WORKOUT: Want to meet Rocky and get a private workout: https://rfcsantacruz.com/ INSTA: https://www.instagram.com/rockysfitnesssc/ FACEBOOK: Facebook.com/RockysFitnessCenter

Hard to be orphans trying to do the right thing, but Nagato, Yahiko and Konan seem to get shafted by forces outside of their control. The Boyz review this episode, continuing their dive into the War arc

It is a breath of fresh air to have a more basic, down-to-earth battleship that still exists in the game with a playstyle that is not defined by gimmick consumables, but by a genuinely balanced ship that offers exciting gameplay. Even more uncommon is the coupling of a balanced ship and a historic ship, which is exactly what Nagato is. Listen in to find out more... Email: rankamateurpodcast@gmail.com Music Credit: Intro: Jetfire - Jeff II https://youtu.be/ZbyFsGMjfRg Creative Commons Attribution Free Download / Stream: http://bit.ly/-jetfire Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/nrIxa0jbhwE Outro: Outlet by Silent Partner from YouTube Audio Library · http://bit.ly/32TUZyy

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Episode Summary Fans have mixed reactions to the ending of Naruto, specifically the Fourth Great Shinobi World War. One of the most significant factors of the war was Kabuto's use of the Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation aka edo tensei. Characters like Asuma, Nagato, Itachi, and Madara came back to life in the war along with many other powerful friends and foes. However, there were some characters that could have been brought back but weren't. In this episode, we talk about some characters that could have been summoned with edo tensie and the impact they'd have on the show like Fugaku Uchiha, Kisame Hoshigaki, Sakumo Hatake, and more. Which characters did you want to see get brought back into the war? About Nerding with Friends — Beat by Mal (Twitter- @malphroditee904 & IG – @mallycyrus904) Follow C.Ro$$ on Twitter and IG at @c_ross321 and Codename: Comet on IG at @_codenamecomet and Twitter at @ codename_comet. — This episode is sponsored by Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Send in a voice message | Support this podcast | Rate and Review on PodChaser Follow Us! Anchor – https://anchor.fm/nerdingwithfriends Apple Podcasts- https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1517157602 Spotify- https://open.spotify.com/show/3hJ8reOF4BhW04ObSNY2FR Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/nerdingwithfriends Twitter- https://twitter.com/nerdingwfriends Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/nerdingwithfriends1/ YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHIBQ3JwMoqaSWvGJYAt3g --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nerdingwithfriends/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nerdingwithfriends/support

The NDP crew is back with the final Jinchuriki ladder, where we will have teams of two trying to capture all of the Jinchuriki! Cedric and Byron pull up to talk about how good our next team would do, the team of Itachi and Nagato! Naruto Uzumaki and Kurama (Nine Tails) vs. Killer Bee and the Gyuuki (Eight Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Fuu and Choumei (Seven Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Utakata and Saiken (Six Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Han and Kokuou (Five Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Roushi and Son Gokuu (Four Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Yagura and Isobu (Three Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Yugito Nii and Matatabi (Two Tails) vs. Itachi and Nagato Gaara and Shukaku (One Tail) vs. Itachi and Nagato --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/level-7-crew/support

A Separate Crow 1 year special Glock - Famous Dex Edge 3rd titantron intro song playing through speakers  u think u know me Holding gun to head and in mouth the whole episode Edge Game 53 suicide by cop. Published as axon body cam footage. Approaching cop with Glock pointed, screaming HELLO IM GAY AND IM YOUR HOST GERALDO RIVERA!!!! SOMEBODY STOP ME!!! SSSSSSMOKIN!!! LiveLeak watermark iFunny BestGore DocumentingReality EFukt Kaotic.com Each camera is a different watermark  Facebook live greenscreen cell phone cam swinging from ceiling fan And then change my mind at the end (?) Whispered voices/auditory hallucinations   Tuesday, November 1, 2022 Corn (Deflection word)   Monday, October 31, 2022 Live by the sword, die by the sword One who uses violence can expect a violent response.   Remember! We live in a world of misunderstanding.   Not good vs. evil!   Above all Be true to your self!   You, if anyone ever reads this, got this. :)   I love you.   Sincerely,   David   How to cope with loneliness https://youtu.be/NJh5idlanrc Just Dance 2017 PC Unlimited Rasputin 4K   The underwhelmingness of life It HAS to be underwhelming.   Otherwise we lose gravity and fly into outer space!   How to connect with anyone Humble yourself    Gaining true***** independence takes time! If you still feel like you're kinda still a high schooler, like me, give this article a read.   It talks about the slow, healthy, steps needed to be taken in order to gain authentic and true independence!   So you can be freeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee: https://thoughtcatalog.com/holly-riordan/2020/10/being-strong-and-independent-doesnt-mean-you-do-everything-on-your-own/ Happy reading!   Take care. :)   Perspective We all have our histories and own perspectives.   And who could blame us for making our own assumptions moving out into the world when it's all we've ever known?   Nevertheless, try your best to look beyond your own eyes, your own ears, your own mind, and your own heart.   And you may start seeing things that you've never seen before!   You got this.

Hola Nakamas, gracias por escuchar una semana más El Podcast de los Sombreros de Paja. En este episodio el manga de One Piece sigue elevando su estatus de genialidad con misterios que van  conectando poco a poco todo lo que hemos visto. El tema de la Luna se hace muy presente y cada vez se torna más enigmático. Creen que Oda se inspiró en Nagato para darle sentido a su Vegapunk, tal vez. Síguenos en Spotify o Anchor. Nuestras redes sociales   Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sombrerosdepaja_podcast - Facebook https://www.facebook.com/thevisualchannel  - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sombrerosdepaja_podcast/   - Tiktok (reviews de serie y pelis): https://www.tiktok.com/@thevisualchannel

The continuation of the Fourth Great Ninja War continues in earnest when Naruto and Killer Bee run into the edo-tensai team of Nagato and Itachi. These sets of episode illustrate what we've long suspected: The Uchiha family is straight bullshit and Itachi is the biggest bullshit of them all! Check it out as we begin to set the stage to the final conflict!

1. Singular Mind: Dancing Bear 2. Singular Mind: Clockwork 3. Nami: Transmission 4. H4DEZ & BLVCK CROWZ: Until It's Done 5. Singular Mind: Disconnected 6. The Upbeats: Realm (Upgrade rmx) 7. Section 63: Siege Engine 8. Section 63: An Eye For An Eye 9. State Of Mind & Smooth: Runaway Train 10. Kill The Noise ft. Eda Lovelace: Higher 11. BLVCK CROWZ ft. Kaylab & Luke Madness: Habits 12. Nami: Wriggler 13. Nami: Waver 14. Nami: Duskin' About 15. Cyantific & BLVCK CROWZ: Waiting 4 U 16. Nami ft. Hijak MC: Creepin' 17. The Upbeats ft. Sylvee: Divide (Rohaan rmx) ft. DJ Crazy Devil 18. Counterstrike & Magna Karta: Interface 19. Cyb Orc: Cryosleep 20. Triamer & Nagato ft. Nais: Fairy Tales 21. Gein: Simon 22. Of God: Obituary (Forbidden Society rmx) 23. The Upbeats: Realm 24. Ill Skillz: Moonrocker 25. Code 906: The Viral

Ich hoffe ihr habt irgendwas aus dieser Folge gelernt xD --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/c-s28/message

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Welcome the the Grand Opening of VGMporium: Video Game Music and More! Podcast. Really excited to share some really good VGM, as well as some remixes and original music inspired by vgm. You never know what treasures you'll find here at The VGMporium! Track List – Title & Stage music for Higo, Nagato, Settsu, Owari … Continue reading "Grand Opening"

Máximo exponente de la tecnología naval japonesa hasta la llegada del Yamato. Botado en 1920 y actualizado en 1937, esta clase de acorazados fue clave para limitar el tonelaje de la Flota Imperial en el Tratado de Washington. Fue el buque insignia de la flota en las etapas iniciales de la guerra, y desde ahí Yamamoto recibe el famoso Tora Tora Tora de Fuchida. Sobrevivió a la 2GM, y fue utilizado como objetivo de prueba en las pruebas nucleares de Bikini. Te lo cuenta 🦕 Antonio Gómez. Produce 👨‍🚀 Dani CarAn Edita 🧢 Criof Barcos 10 es un programa de Casus Belli Podcast. Casus Belli Podcast es un Podcast de la 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. Casus Belli Podcast forma parte del sello 📀 Ivoox Originals. 📡Estamos en: http;//podcastcasusbelli.com 👉https://podcastcasusbelli.com 🗨️Twitter, como @casusbellipod 👉Facebook, nuestra página es @casusbellipodcast https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast 👉Telegram, nuestro canal es @casusbellipodcast https://t.me/casusbellipodcast Y nuestro chat es https://t.me/aviones10 ⭐¿Quieres proponernos algo? También puedes escribirnos a 📧 info@podcastcasusbelli.com Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like 👍, si nos escuchas desde la app de Ivoox. Y también que comentes. Que no mordemos 😉 🎵 La música que acompaña al pódcast es Ready For the War de Marc Corominas Pujadó, bajo licencia Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ . Y el resto de música está amparado por la licencia privada de Epidemic Music, Jamendo Music o de SGAE de Ivoox. 🎭 Las opiniones expresadas en este programa de pódcast, son de exclusiva responsabilidad individual. Que cada palo aguante su vela. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

In dieser Folge reden wir über die Akatsuki (Sasori, Nagato, Orochimaru und Obito). Damit haben wir auch das Akatsuki Format abgeschlossen. Viel Spaß mit der etwas längeren Folge

Off-the-beaten track travel in Yamaguchi, Japan. Talking here with Canadian-Yamaguchi local Alison Miyake based in the beach area of Hikari. We talk about some of the many wonderful destinations worth visiting in Yamaguchi and at the end of the talk Alison Miyake takes us on a tour of the Hikari Autumn market she is broadcasting from to see some of the local products for sale. Highlights from this Yamaguchi Talk: Hagi, Hofu, Iwakuni, Hikari, Oshima, Suo-Oshima, Motozumi-Jinja in Nagato. https://youtu.be/olo75ipf2vo (Watch the video of this talk here on YouTube) * JOIN the JJWalsh Supporters + buy me a coffee - your support keeps me going, thanks! **​ ~BuyMeACoffee~ https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbldMazlyZjZlN0M3OFh6cDJKeVBvZXZVLVk0UXxBQ3Jtc0tuZWRoUFFQdVJUdU9TZDZ6TUNEbHU3azJNak0yNTlfbWFURlExTk9zRENKOFpza3d2SDBJT21nSzliSlFYYXNQU0dRZVNlT2IwaHhSNGotSEVsbmFOb0pZb1NTbm02YkdKQkVfV1BqaUY1NDhvRk5HZw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Fjjwalsh%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/jjwalsh​​) ~HAPPS~ https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbmoydEVVSWhIWWt2OWwwT29IazVlRmVPVEdHUXxBQ3Jtc0tudi0yRDJtVTNhZkdDWTZIdFFHUnVGRlI1VUJnVVhIb0ljVlBmMi15aWRRTjdxRkNxRzZFcm9nc3o1dUV4RHk0V3g0YlVfTkp3UFQwSmZ6V29mdXluT1FURVpHVFplUnE0WGNxb1ZROEdJSkY2eEUzTQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fhapps.tv%2Finvite%2F%40JJWalsh%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B (https://happs.tv/invite/@JJWalsh​​)​ ~Ko-FI https://ko-fi.com/jjwalsh (https://ko-fi.com/jjwalsh) JOIN the support team on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbjRdeieOLGes008y_I9y5Q/join (YouTube Memberships) https://medium.com/@jjwalsh (Follow JJ on MEDIUM ) SoundCloud sourced BGM thanks to Hikosaemon Support this podcast

Recorded 2021-08-05 20:01:54 DnB Radio Tracklisting: * RL Grime vs. Future Cut vs. Evol Intent - Core Horns Reflip* Teddy Killerz - Stuck Inside* Thir13en - Complainer* Maniatics - Break My Heart* Teddy Killerz - Frightmare* Hypoxia & HYQXYZ - Exploit* TriaMer & Nagato & Helicopter - King Kong* Fascad - Menace* L 33 - Razor Blade* Magnetude - Warpath* Tantrum.Today - Bride* Frankee - Gully (Gabba-Core VIP)* War - Darvaza* Triple Sickz - Severed* Current Value - Ghost Rider (2020 Remaster)* Raiden & Proket - Vodkabite* The Sect - Over The Edge * Yabol - Ekpyrotic* Damage Inc - Blackball* Cement Tea - Pimplepopper* Enduser - A Black Box (Brooklyn Version)* I:gor - Icebreaker (Counterstrike Remix)* Kryzys & Katharsys - Distress Signal* Blockdata - The Pattern (Enduser Remix)* Diode - Under Fire* Yabol - Dominator* Sola - The Game* Mizo - Horizon* Machine Code - 7.88* Ewun - Screw Up (The Upbeats Remix)* The Coalition - Alien Sanctuary* Gancher & Ruin & Triamer - Larum* Peter Kurten, Marfan Syndrome & Air J - Tribal Ritual* Triple Sickz - Now Jah Talkin* Pyro - Restless (Amex Remix)* Neonlight - Critical State (Agressor Bunx Remix)* L 33 feat. Nuklear - Stand Down* Freqax & Katharsys feat. Joanna Syze - Shadows* Crawler - Parallel Reality* Triple Sickz - Stomper (Void Stalker's Vengeance Remix)* Counterstrike - Scorched Earth* Peter Kurten - Pain & Chaos* Hypoxia - The Mad Drummer * Cement Tea - Nrml* Forbidden Society & Dub Elements feat. Venganza - Set It Off* Crawler - Product Of His Rage* Peter Kurten - Humans* Terror Cell & Layer 3 - Transplant* False Flag & Kip Killagain - Our Songs* Counterstrike - Tic Tac* Triple Sickz - Rage* Simply Dread - Run Tings!* D.A.V.E. The Drummer & Chris Liberator - One Night in Hackney (Vengeanze Bootleg)* Goldberg Variations feat. David Of Tirol - Skull Of Kickings* Death - I Hate Life* DJ Hidden - The Resonators (The Outside Agency VIP)* Sinister Souls & Gein & Bratkilla - Come At Me Bro* Synthakt - Kharon's Obol* Switch Technique - Roll Hard* Igneon System - The Wish for Brutality* ID - ID * Micromakine - The Past Is Dead* Lucy Furr - Submission* Sei2ure - Informer* Noizeskill - Violent Orchestra* Meander - Visions Of Demons* Kryzys & Max Shade - Switching* RVOLT & Igneon System - Fucking Noise* Micromakine & Craftcore - The Outsiders* Ophidian - The Art Of War (DJ Ruffneck Remix)* DJIPE - No More Voices* Khaoz Engine - The Destruction* Deathmachine - Chaos HyperFunk Disaster* Dolphin & Bryan Fury - Wooo* Detest - Shotgun* Hellfish & Khaoz Engine - The Death Chamber* Dolphin - Sunset Equilibrium* Deathmachine - Out Of Statis* RVOLT - Out of Control* Dolphin - Hengsha* Detest - Fuck That* Hellfish & Akira - The Sixteen* The Outside Agency - Hours & Dreams (Detest Remix)* Tripped & Khaoz Engine - Het Wilde Western* The Teknoist - Lion Girl* The DJ Producer - Positive Outlook (Recalibrated)* Detest - Sleep Knowledge* Hellfish - Crack Wars (Toilet Wars Reboil)* Igneon System - The Roughest (The DJ Producer Remix)* Dolphin - Symbiosis VIP* Hellfish, Bryan Fury - Fuck Everybody* Akira - XTRM Is What We Are* Enzyme X - Kegadoru* Deathmachine - Frequency Bitch* Hellfish, Bryan Fury - Baby Eaters* The DJ Producer & Deathmachine - Hell-E-Vator (Producers XTRM Punk Funk Slamdunk VIP Mix)* Khaoz Engine - Shadowboxer* Hellfish - New Blood Champion* Dolphin - London* Detest - My Porn* Bryan Fury - 3NYA* Dolphin & The Teknoist feat. Tony Skullvomit - Power Without Form* Nouzbi - Rave Up* The DJ Producer, Dolphin & Hellfish - Tribe of XTRM* The DJ Producer - Can't Fuck With Me* Wan Bushi - Zombie Attack* Dolphin - Hong Kong Ping Pong* Wavolizer - Sometimes* I:gor - Real Battle* The Outside Agency - Ghetto Blast* Krumble - Sugar Paradise* Dolphin - Causa Sui* Hellfish - Unmute The Mutant* Bryan Fury - Hell Hath No Fury Like a Woman Scorned* The Speed Freak - Terrorist (Producers Terror By Error Remix)* The Outside Agency - Scandinavian Chess* Deathmachine - Beyond Comprehension* Paranoizer - Uit Je Dak* [KRTM] & Tripped - George 'n Jimmy.GIF* Wan Bushi - I'm A Pirate* Techdiff - Vat Grown Top KnotTracklisting:* RL Grime vs. Future Cut vs. Evol Intent - Core Horns Reflip* Teddy Killerz - Stuck Inside* Thir13en - Complainer* Maniatics - Break My Heart* Teddy Killerz - Frightmare* Hypoxia & HYQXYZ - Exploit* TriaMer & Nagato & Helicopter - King Kong* Fascad - Menace* L 33 - Razor Blade* Magnetude - Warpath* Tantrum.Today - Bride* Frankee - Gully (Gabba-Core VIP)* War - Darvaza* Triple Sickz - Severed* Current Value - Ghost Rider (2020 Remaster)* Raiden & Proket - Vodkabite* The Sect - Over The Edge * Yabol - Ekpyrotic* Damage Inc - Blackball* Cement Tea - Pimplepopper* Enduser - A Black Box (Brooklyn Version)* I:gor - Icebreaker (Counterstrike Remix)* Kryzys & Katharsys - Distress Signal* Blockdata - The Pattern (Enduser Remix)* Diode - Under Fire* Yabol - Dominator* Sola - The Game* Mizo - Horizon* Machine Code - 7.88* Ewun - Screw Up (The Upbeats Remix)* The Coalition - Alien Sanctuary* Gancher & Ruin & Triamer - Larum* Peter Kurten, Marfan Syndrome & Air J - Tribal Ritual* Triple Sickz - Now Jah Talkin* Pyro - Restless (Amex Remix)* Neonlight - Critical State (Agressor Bunx Remix)* L 33 feat. Nuklear - Stand Down* Freqax & Katharsys feat. Joanna Syze - Shadows* Crawler - Parallel Reality* Triple Sickz - Stomper (Void Stalker's Vengeance Remix)* Counterstrike - Scorched Earth* Peter Kurten - Pain & Chaos* Hypoxia - The Mad Drummer * Cement Tea - Nrml* Forbidden Society & Dub Elements feat. Venganza - Set It Off* Crawler - Product Of His Rage* Peter Kurten - Humans* Terror Cell & Layer 3 - Transplant* False Flag & Kip Killagain - Our Songs* Counterstrike - Tic Tac* Triple Sickz - Rage* Simply Dread - Run Tings!* D.A.V.E. The Drummer & Chris Liberator - One Night in Hackney (Vengeanze Bootleg)* Goldberg Variations feat. David Of Tirol - Skull Of Kickings* Death - I Hate Life* DJ Hidden - The Resonators (The Outside Agency VIP)* Sinister Souls & Gein & Bratkilla - Come At Me Bro* Synthakt - Kharon's Obol* Switch Technique - Roll Hard* Igneon System - The Wish for Brutality* ID - ID * Micromakine - The Past Is Dead* Lucy Furr - Submission* Sei2ure - Informer* Noizeskill - Violent Orchestra* Meander - Visions Of Demons* Kryzys & Max Shade - Switching* RVOLT & Igneon System - Fucking Noise* Micromakine & Craftcore - The Outsiders* Ophidian - The Art Of War (DJ Ruffneck Remix)* DJIPE - No More Voices* Khaoz Engine - The Destruction* Deathmachine - Chaos HyperFunk Disaster* Dolphin & Bryan Fury - Wooo* Detest - Shotgun* Hellfish & Khaoz Engine - The Death Chamber* Dolphin - Sunset Equilibrium* Deathmachine - Out Of Statis* RVOLT - Out of Control* Dolphin - Hengsha* Detest - Fuck That* Hellfish & Akira - The Sixteen* The Outside Agency - Hours & Dreams (Detest Remix)* Tripped & Khaoz Engine - Het Wilde Western* The Teknoist - Lion Girl* The DJ Producer - Positive Outlook (Recalibrated)* Detest - Sleep Knowledge* Hellfish - Crack Wars (Toilet Wars Reboil)* Igneon System - The Roughest (The DJ Producer Remix)* Dolphin - Symbiosis VIP* Hellfish, Bryan Fury - Fuck Everybody* Akira - XTRM Is What We Are* Enzyme X - Kegadoru* Deathmachine - Frequency Bitch* Hellfish, Bryan Fury - Baby Eaters* The DJ Producer & Deathmachine - Hell-E-Vator (Producers XTRM Punk Funk Slamdunk VIP Mix)* Khaoz Engine - Shadowboxer* Hellfish - New Blood Champion* Dolphin - London* Detest - My Porn* Bryan Fury - 3NYA* Dolphin & The Teknoist feat. Tony Skullvomit - Power Without Form* Nouzbi - Rave Up* The DJ Producer, Dolphin & Hellfish - Tribe of XTRM* The DJ Producer - Can't Fuck With Me* Wan Bushi - Zombie Attack* Dolphin - Hong Kong Ping Pong* Wavolizer - Sometimes* I:gor - Real Battle* The Outside Agency - Ghetto Blast* Krumble - Sugar Paradise* Dolphin - Causa Sui* Hellfish - Unmute The Mutant* Bryan Fury - Hell Hath No Fury Like a Woman Scorned* The Speed Freak - Terrorist (Producers Terror By Error Remix)* The Outside Agency - Scandinavian Chess* Deathmachine - Beyond Comprehension* Paranoizer - Uit Je Dak* [KRTM] & Tripped - George 'n Jimmy.GIF* Wan Bushi - I'm A Pirate* Techdiff - Vat Grown Top Knot Download, Distribute, and Donate!

Nagato Pain joins the podcast..Rick sanchez,Deidara,pain have discussed About the Cringy advertisements and also the best marketing advertisements we like... DISCLAIMER

Looking at the journey of Naruto and Jiraiya. This is a reupload, as the original was copyright claimed and blocked everywhere as of May 2021. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/sagesrain)

Itachi said that himself and Nagato could do the impossible, and we put that to the test! The NDP Naruto Forum is back for our next what if battle and it is a big one! We have full power Nagato and Itachi vs. Sage of Six Paths Madara! The team goes through all of the possible situations and scenarios and pick who they think would win this 2 on 1 match! We ask if Itachi's Susanoo weapons could help them pull off the upset?! Would Madara get cocky and let his guard down?. How would Nagato being fully able to move play a role in this match? What if Itachi and Nagato got Sage of Six Paths chakra, would that change the outcome?! We answer all of these questions and more during this what if battle! We also unveil our next what if battle for the month of June! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/level-7-crew/support

Recorded 2021-05-20 20:02:04 DnB Radio Tracklisting: * Noisia - Could This Be * Gydra - WTF * SPL - Afterlife * Counterstrike - The Source * Xeomi & Kaiza - Red * Voortrekker & Clino - Dot Punch * Triple Sickz - Murder Sound * Tesla Coil - Discharge * Valrus - Halli * Maydin - Paranoia * Allied - Voices In Exile * SPL - Derelict * Nanotek - Fuck The Win * Counterstrike & Machinecode - Psychosis * Temulent - Jekyll * Inside Defect - Fall Of The Sinful Man * Mizo - Nautilus * DiSt Hard - Fraktal * Rob State - T-1000 * Neonlight - Project Flare (Pythius Remix) * No Money - Red Alert * Sinister Souls - Flatliner (YMB & MathizM Remix) * The DJ Producer - Cyclic Energy * Scary & Bad Matter - Giant Warrior (Neonlight Remix) * Noisia - Concussion * Nebula - Prey * Block Control - Collapse * Triple Sickz & Drainbamage - WTF * The Sect - Nerve Attack * Cod3x - Rope of Sand * Breekda - Fk Society * Neonlight - Tailspin (Inward, Hanzo & Randie Remix) * Zardonic, Throttler & Lowbss - Hypnotized * Forbidden Society & Katharsys - Redeemer * Lucio De Rimanez - One Degree * Current Value - Overclock (Nanotek Remix) * Syprexa - Brain Pop * Perfect Unknown - No Future * Current Value - Outlaw * Kalashnikov - Fucking (Venganza & Dub Elements 2011 VIP) * TriaMer & Nagato - The Power Of Darkness * Triple Sickz - Stomper (Gorebug Remix) * The Sect - Turrican (Katharsys Remix) * TriaMer & Nagato & K Rob - Wah Woh * Markham - Avenger * Dyslexia - Kapkan * Matt Green - Mean Spirited * Nosferatu - The Wolves Of Creation (The Outside Agency Remix) * Max Shade & Bestial - Autopsy * Katharsys - Stratos * eDUB - L2P * AK-Industry - The Dark Industry (Deathmachine Remix) * Dolphin - Microphone Mutilator * The Hard Way - Pentagram Of Coke (Deathmachine Remix) VIP * Dataklysm - Najia Kuthia * The Outside Agency - Alone In The Meantime Download, Distribute, and Donate!

S'il y a une athlète qui a choisi l'ombre à la lumière, c'est bien Magali Harvey! Sacrée meilleure joueuse au monde en 2014, puis écartée de l'équipe de rugby à 7 des Jeux de Rio, Magali a ensuite quitté le pays pour ne plus avoir à répondre aux questions concernant sa carrière. Après avoir travaillé comme entraineuse-chef des Martlets de Mcgill, la jeune athlète voulait encore jouer au rugby, elle fera d'ailleurs ses valises pour la Japon puisqu'elle jouera pour une équipe à Nagato. Franche et authentique, Magali revient sur ses meilleurs moments comme ses plus difficiles, ne cache pas ses déceptions et ses frustrations, une entrevue à écouter absolument !

Shy, awkward yuki Nagato attempts to court her crush, kyon with the help of best friend, the perky and indomitable Ryoko Asakura --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/teddy-hoggle/message

Episodes discussed: 298 & 299 As it turns out, when you get two of the best characters in the entire show together, it makes some of the best episodes! Weird, right? Itachi and Nagato face off against Naruto and Bee, and there are completely unintended consequences. It's NARUSHOW!

December 4, 2020 This is our first podcast for Grand Cross! Mystic Watch, Speedy SSJ, and Nagato discuss THE ONE's release and how he has affected the meta as well as the creator content tournament! If you want to the boys answer your question, please follow us on twitter and to watch the episode live, follow us on twitch! Support this podcast

PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/animeuproar / Follow our Twitch here: https://www.twitch.tv/animeuproar / / Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AnimeUproar / Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/animeuproar/ / And we're on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/animeuproar/ / Outro Music: Dex Arson & MDK - Resolution / Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyz2DXlear8 / Subscribe to Dex Arson : https://tinyurl.com/ycawejee / Subscribe to MDK : https://tinyurl.com/yc32kxug / "Rising Hope" by Mitchell Miller - www.youtube.com/channel/UCx8UHxPqt79eYdo1fsz7zYA / www.soundcloud.com/mitchellmillermusic / mitchellmillermusic.com /

The Death of Yahiko caused Nagato to change and awakened the real power of Rinnegan. Thus lead to the creation of Akatsuki. Support this podcast at -- > https://anchor.fm/words-beyond-action/support Watch full video on Youtube --> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uagm8KzZf4A&t=42s Visit our website --> https://www.wordsbeyondaction.com/ Follows on Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/wordsbeyondaction/ Follows on Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/wordsbeyondaction --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/words-beyond-action/support

What an amazing turnout we had for our first ever DJ Competition over at Abducted LTD. I can honestly say there was not a bad mix in the bunch, and judging this definitely took its toll on us as there were a lot of deserving artists involved. Thank you so much to everyone who participated, but we had to choose a winner and our choices are below! Check em out below, and I know youll enjoy the absolute madness inside the winners mix this week from Miss Fury & Nameless!Abducted LTD Competition Winners1st Place - Miss Fury + Nameless - Mix aired live on this podcast!2nd Place - Mezzanine - https://soundcloud.com/mezzanine_dnb/abducted-ltd-dj-mix-competition-by-mezzanine3rd Place - Mr Grinder - https://soundcloud.com/sanchezccn/abducted-ltd-dj-mix-competition-by-mrgrinderLike what you hear? Drop a donation at https://streamlabs.com/badsyntaxdnbSubscribe to the podcast on iTunes: http://bit.ly/bestdnbBad Syntax TracklistNoise.Dsgnr - Cyberpunk [Abducted LTD]Gydra - Spirit Challenge [Eatbrain]Alerstorm - Void [0101]Freshney - Tucked Away [Blackout]Burr Oak - Intelligent Suicide [Trendkill]Xylym featuring Zeph Miles - Front Line [Close 2 Death]Binary - Infinite [Abducted LTD]Gydra - Dragons Lair [Eatbrain]TR Tactics & Transforma - Ascendancy [Blackout]Burr Oak & TR Tactics - Washoku [Trendkill]nabepro - Earthbound [0101]TNTKLZ - Abattoir [Close 2 Death]Nemean - Prey [Abducted LTD]Burr Oak - Polar Lows [Trendkill]Gydra - Snake Style [Eatbrain]Bobby - Atomic Bomb [0101]TNTKLZ - Lights Off [Close 2 Death]Disaszt & Trei - Danger Time [Mainframe]Bad Syntax - The Chant of Kashima [Abducted LTD]Liveon - Glueball [Eatbrain]Binary - Pulsation [Axon]Rillium - Mind Trap [Blackout]Gydra & Nuvertal [Meditation [Eatbrain]Psynchro - Composite [0101]Knoxz - Bone Breaker [Abducted LTD]Disprove - Rotary [Blackout]Gydra - Horror Room [Eatbrain]Binary & Alerstorm - Siege [0101]Molecular - Ultron [Ekou]Xeomi & Kaiza - Majestic [Hanzom]Sola - Nightmare [Druid]Gydra - Stoning [Eatbrain]Bad District & Fatloaf - Entropy [0101]Liveon & Dati - Horsepower [Eatbrain]Xeomi & Kaiza - Twist [Hanzom]Noise.Dsgnr - 3301 [Abducted LTD]"Bad Tunes" of the weekWaeys & Was a Be - Bullying [Critical]Disaszt & Trei - Shape the Future [Mainframe]Liveon & Dati - Horsepower [Eatbrain]Miss Fury & Nameless TracklistThe Clamps & Opsen - Interaction [Trendkill Records]Dropset feat. Born I - Extinction [Abducted LTD]Cyntax - Pericardium [High Resistance]Katharsys - Galactic Subduction (Sinister Souls Remix) [Othercide Records]Abstractonia & Dyslexia - Neural Network [Free BPM Organization]Shadow Sect - Fake [Close 2 Death Recordings]Frank Lemon feat. MC Novy - Out Of Control [HANZOM MUSIC]ID- ID [Not Released]Sick Run - Brain Dead [Bass Rabbit Recordings]Jade - MELD VIP (Hated Remix) [Hated Soundcloud]Agressor Bunx - Time To Rock (City Arkham Edit) [Not Released]Save The Rave - Sevilla (Cyborg Remix) [Cyborg Soundcloud]Triamer & Nagato feat. Savage - Colombo [PRSPCT Recordings]ID - ID (Miss Fury & Nameless Edit) [Not Released]Juno - Phaser [C4C Limited]Disphonia - Back To The Old School (The Clamps Remix) [Red Light Recordings]Bobby & Mind Theory feat. Lifesize MC - We All Remain [Empire Recordings]Dossa & Locuzzed - Get Nasty (Vandermou Remix) [Vandermou Soundcloud]AbsoluteZero - Neterseus (Shrike Edit) [Not Released]Ephyum - Black Clouds (Transforma Remix) [C4C Limited]Forbidden Society - NYC Punk (Hallucinator Remix) [Forbidden Society Recordings]Confusion & City Arkham - Chainsaw [High Resistance]Mashox & Cyke - Drag Me To Hell [Raving Panda Records]Qo & The Clamps - Krieg [Hoofbeats Music]Despersion - Peace [Neuropunk Records]State Of Mind - Foul Play [Blackout Music NL]Cyborg & Soundsphere - Mortal Kombat [Bass Rabbit Recordings]Karpa - Doomsday [Mindicted Crew Soundcloud]Cranium & Confusion - Crawler [HANZOM MUSIC]ID - ID [Not Released]Follow Bad Syntax on Twitch for live broadcasts twitch.tv/badsyntaxdnbBad Tunes of the week official Spotify PlaylistFollow my "Bad Tunes" of the week playlist on Spotify (newest at the bottom): http://bit.ly/badtunesFollow Abducted LTDFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/abductedltdBeatport: http://bit.ly/abductedltdDownload / Listen to our weekly podcasts (every friday)(Soundcloud) http://bit.ly/ltdpodcast or (iTunes) http://bit.ly/bestdnbFollow Bad SyntaxFacebook: facebook.com/badsyntaxdnbListen to the NOISIA RADIO world premier of Dose - Cultivate (Bad Syntax & HANM RMX)Check out Bad Syntax & Tobax - Switch out now on Mayan: http://www.mayanaudio.com/Summer_Drum_&_Bass_2018_MYN029Keep up to date on the Best Drum and BassFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/bestdrumandbassSubscribe on iTunes: http://bit.ly/bestdnbWeekly Broadcast Thursdays 9pm PST: https://www.twitch.tv/bestdrumandbasswww.bestdrumandbass.comPodcast available on these platforms: iTunes - http://bit.ly/bestdnbGoogle Play - http://bit.ly/bdnb-gplay iHeartRadio - http://bit.ly/bdnb-ihrTunein - http://bit.ly/bdnb-tunein Stitcher - http://bit.ly/bdnb-stitcherCheck out these free downloads from Bad SyntaxPreview & Comment on Soundcloud (Subscribe to the podcast for first access!) 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Recorded 2020-09-20 08:48:14 Tracklisting: * Evol Intent & Spor & Snoop Dogg - 8-bit Bitches Ain't Shit (VIP Throwback Master) * Mefjus - Suicide Bassline * State Of Mind - No-Operative * Neonlight - Heavy Bettie * Black Sun Empire & Eye-D - Milkshake (Black Sun Empire VIP) * Pythius - Abandon * Telekinesis - Always Awake * Audio - Nil By Mouth * Spor - Kingdom * Mind Vortex - Underworld * The Upbeats & Noisia - Shibuya Pet Store * Audio - Bag Of Bones * Smooth feat. Dread MC - Strictly Vibes * InsideInfo - Pollinate * Noisia - Block Control * Mob Tactics - Nowhere To Run * A.M.C & Six Blade - Rock 'N' Ride * Culprate - Dawn * Teddy Killerz - Demolisher * Billain - Colossus * Cooh - Free Your Negativity * Dextems - Cell * Icicle feat. SP:MC - Dreadnaught * Katharsys - Storm of Light * Optiv - Krakpot (Jade Remix) * C.A.2K - Excavator * Break - Condensor * Current Value - Prism * InsideInfo & Neonlight - I Am Something Else * Loadstar - Bomber * Audio - Loudener * Spor - Aztec * InsideInfo - Skyhook * Dieselboy & Evol Intent & Ewun - Midnight Express * Bombah - Bumbarasclaat * Kryptic Minds & Leon Switch - More Like You (Unknown Error Remix) * SPL - It Won't Stop * Submerged - Servant (Technical Itch Remix) * B-Complex - Shteel * Counterstrike - Draco * SPL - Grey Dream * Black Sun Empire feat. Foreign Beggars - Dawn of a Dark Day (Receptor Remix) * Dyamorph - Nostalgia (VIP) * Quadrant & Iris - Dark Star (Homemade Weapons Remix) * Abyss - Lightning, Earthquake & Thunder * DJ Empress - Run To You * Mustard Pimp - Renegade (SPL Remix) * Black Sun Empire - Arrakis (Noisia Remix) * Optiv & BTK - Shredder * Noisia & Phace - Thrillseekers * Unknown Error - War Games * Gein - Hell (Nanotek Metal In Your Ear Bootleg) * DJ Hidden - Breathe In Breathe Out * The Sect - Fractured State * Machine Code - Silicon Base * Cooh & DJ Hidden - Sleepwalkers * Katharsys - The Scraper * DJ Hidden - The Devil's Instant * DJ Hidden & Slacknote - Where's The Score? (Evol Intent Remix Throwback Remaster) * Noisia & Prolix - Asteroids * Evol Intent - Middle Of The Night (TBT mix) * Noisia - Shaking Hands * Dom & Roland - Deckards Theme (B-Key Remix) * DJ Fox - Welcome Home * Absurd - Barbarian * Electric Six - Gaybar (Sinister Souls Funksoul Poppers Edit) * Looh - 198 Errors * Telekinesis - Diablo * Zardonic & Counterstrike & Gein & Robyn Chaos - Revolution (Eye-D Remix) * Current Value - Delirium * Air J & Nagato & Circular D - Angels of God * Eye-D & DJ Hidden - Chemical Dreams * Limewax - WoOoOoOh * SPL & Eye-D - Another Realm * Current Value - Dark Rain * Pish Posh - Corrupt Cops (Evol Intent VIP) * Technical Itch - Nitron * Rawthang feat. Kari - Scorned * Noisia & Evol Intent - The Liquid * Broken Note - The Fury * Cooh & Ogonek - Shrambo * The Outside Agency & Current Value - They Are Human (Listen To Me VIP) * Dolphin & The Teknoist - Choircutz (Dolphin's Redux) Download, Distribute, and Donate!

PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/animeuproar / Follow our Twitch here: https://www.twitch.tv/animeuproar / / Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AnimeUproar / Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/animeuproar/ / And we're on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/animeuproar/ / Outro Music: Dex Arson & MDK - Resolution / Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyz2DXlear8 / Subscribe to Dex Arson : https://tinyurl.com/ycawejee / Subscribe to MDK : https://tinyurl.com/yc32kxug / "Rising Hope" by Mitchell Miller - www.youtube.com/channel/UCx8UHxPqt79eYdo1fsz7zYA / www.soundcloud.com/mitchellmillermusic / mitchellmillermusic.com /

No retorno do nosso quadro "DOSSIÊ", vamos trazer um personagem extremamente poderoso, que aterrorizou Konoha, mas que como outros colegas de Akatsuki, também buscava um bem maior em seus ideias. Nagato, ou Pain, é um personagem profundo e cheio de camadas, camadas essas que vamos descascar e enfim responder a pergunta, Pain é o melhor vilão de Naruto? Rodrigo Cardozo, Markus Anísio Trolleis, Tayanne Lobão e Matheus Esquivel vão conversar sobre o tema. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Nagato and Naruto are from the same clan.... wild --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Matthew Nagato - filmmaker - cuts it close with Cliff & Kelsie!

Pain is my favourite villain in the Naruto universe because of his philosophy, but also because of his leadership. Pain was terrifying, calculated, menacing and not to mention, he also had the best voice of any character in Naruto dubbed or subbed. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/sagesrain)

NOISECREW - DESTROYED KATHARSYS - MAGNITUDE FRAGZ - SIGELEI BLAST - ANOMALY SINISTER SOULS - TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES ( REMIX ) BLAST, MANOWARP - SNATCHERS FREEQAX, KATHARSYS - SHADOWS FRAGZ , COUNTERSTRIKE - INHALE TRIAMER ,NAGATO - BASTARDS ABSURD - MEKANIZM ABSURD, GOREBUG - VVP SAVAGE, GOREBUG - VORTEX SWARM 3RDKND - FIRE BLOOD BRATKILLA - CORONA VIRUS KRYZYS , KATHARSYS - DISTRESS SIGNAL GOREBUG - BIG BANG SINISTER SOULS - COME AT ME BRO GOREBUG - THE SURVIVOR TRIMAER , KATHARSYS - FOREVER UNDEFINED DONNY - YOUR WORLD (KATHARSYS REMIX) COMAN DANTE - THE GRAVE DKAOS - FORREST RUN C-NETIK - INDIGO SS , ERRE - TUH TUH DUH ( SS VIP ) KRYZYS , GOREBUG - BLOODSHEED BRATKILLA - NEFERTITIE FRAGZ , MERIKAN - SHARPSHOOTER BRAINPAIN - BERSERK EFFECT - THEMIS DEATHMACHINE - THE JOURNEY COUNTERSTRIKE - FEAR DIVISION DESTRUCTION TRIAMER, NAGATO , GANCHER RUIN - MOSAIKA BSA - HUNTING MACHINE LOWROLLER , COOH - DECIMATE ERRE - SYKE f. C-NETIK YMB - PESSA PESSA THE CLAMPS - SOUL OF ABBYS MERIKAN - CRUNCH TIME RUN APC - AFRAID OF DARK SATAN - BAD MOTHERFUCKER BSA , MYSTIFICATION - KILLTECH GANCHER , RUIN - ARSENAL KATHARSYS - DIRTY LIKE A FRENCH MAN HALUCINATOR , FRAGZ - ALIVE FREQAX - WORLD EXECUTION (BSA REMIX) NOISECREW - TBA THE HARD WAY - DEVIL WORSHIPPING MOTHERFUCKERS NOISECREW - TBA ERRE - BOOMBOX TERROR f. BSA, FRAGZ INGION SYSTEM - WHERE I BELONG

The Best Anime Speech!! Pain(Nagato) Speach To Naruto - Cycle of Hatred English DUB - Naruto Shippuden. Pain vs Naruto. | The Anime Podcast episode 7. This speech still gives me goosebumps no matter how many time i listen to it. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theanimepodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/theanimepodcast/support

Why Nagato (PAIN) is the best anti hero in all anime. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theanimepodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/theanimepodcast/support

Мы давно хотели отыграть максимально hardcore сет, и на вечеринке HEAVY ARTILLERY от группировки Time2Core у HELL KITCHEN появилась такая возможность! 38 треков, включая наш Wounds Of Hate в ремиксе Triamer & Nagato, на привычной для нас скорости 180 ударов в минуту!!! Приятного прослушивания!!!

Мы давно хотели отыграть максимально hardcore сет, и на вечеринке HEAVY ARTILLERY от группировки Time2Core у HELL KITCHEN появилась такая возможность! 38 треков, включая наш Wounds Of Hate в ремиксе Triamer & Nagato, на привычной для нас скорости 180 ударов в минуту!!! Приятного прослушивания!!!

В этом эпизоде шоу Пиратская Станция представил текущие новинки андеграунд и мейнстрим drumandbass сцены! Музыкальный заряд, полный энергии и творчества, а также поток позитива гарантирован!) GVOZD vibes: 1. Mitekiss ft. Mr. Porter - Lenz (Hospital dub) 2. Need For Mirrors - Tidal Wavey (V) 3. BSA - All I Need (Triamer and Nagato remix)(Yellow Stripe) 4. Black Barrel - Dark Place (Lifestyle) 5. Sequences - Ethos (Blu Saphir Limited) 6. Document One - Black Holes (Shogun audio) 7. S.P.Y - Rock Da House (Hospital dub) 8. Kanobie - I Get High (Extinkt audio) 9. Severity - Broken Hearted (Whiney remix) (Unchained) 10.M Soul and S27 feat Subtle Element - By All Means (Vandal) 11. Sustance - Ugly (Shogun audio) 12. Manta Instinkt - Nautilus (Bad Taste) 13. Luk - Go (Negative sound) 14. Misanthrop and Synergy - Slap The Ghost (Neu) 15. Figure - Patient 138 (Doom) 16. Glacier - Disabled Control (Respect dub) 17. Teddy Killerz - Afrika (EatBrain) 18. Dezpot - Illuzion (Close2Death) 19. Bobby - Speak Of The Devil (Kosenprod) 20. Ogonek - Dream On (Max Shade remix) (Future Sickness) 21. Manta Kaiza - Megalo (Bad Taste dub) 22. Current Value - Signal Jam (Blackout music) 23. Des Mcmahon - Bad Habits (Santoku) 24. Falco - Thats It (Stickybass) 25. High Demand - In Yo Face (Extinkt audio) 26. Tomoyoshi mc Fearless - Danger (Original Key) 27. Vital - Clear Some Space (Dub Voltage) 28. Ironlung - DIY (Short Circuit) 29. Kanine - Want You (Crucast) 30. Isaac Maya feat Blackout Ja - Mic Champion (LowFreqMx) 31. Isaac Maya ft Scarra Mucci & Kojo Neatness - Jungle Be Good To Me (LowFreqMx) 32. dj Hybrid Ancient Bass - Toxic Jungle (Ancient Bass remix) (Audio Addict) 33. Kumarachi RMS - Straight Up (RMS rmx) (Audio Addict) 34. Doom Poets - Brighter Days (Tech Itch) 35. Mitekiss - Human (Hospital dub) 36. Paul A.F & Impish - Link (Occulti dub) 37. Mohican Sun - Purple World (Integral) 38. Keeno - While The World Sleeps (Hospital dub) 39. Macca Loz Contreras ft. TRAC - Leaps and Bounds (Liquid V dub) 40. Logistics - Let The Senses Clear Your Mind (Hospital dub) 41. Subsid and mSdoS - Soul In December (Sheer Velocity) 42. Atlantic Connection feat. Irene Merring - Shine (Liquid V dub) 43. Duoscience - Cheers (Diskool) 44. Konfront Audio and Ryck - Sit Back (Soul Deep exclusives) 45. Mr Joseph Illmatika - Her Name Is (Liquid V dub) 46. Phat Playaz - Broken Man Inside (Smooth N Groove) 47. Maverick Soul - Te Dua (Just Noyze) 48. Oat and Kca - Ecstasy (In:Deep music) 49. Klax Illiterate - Self Loathing (Shogun audio) 50. Chimpo feat DRS Slay and Ragoloco - No Trust (Box N Lock)

В этом эпизоде шоу Пиратская Станция представил текущие новинки андеграунд и мейнстрим drumandbass сцены! Музыкальный заряд, полный энергии и творчества, а также поток позитива гарантирован!) GVOZD vibes: 1. Mitekiss ft. Mr. Porter - Lenz (Hospital dub) 2. Need For Mirrors - Tidal Wavey (V) 3. BSA - All I Need (Triamer and Nagato remix)(Yellow Stripe) 4. Black Barrel - Dark Place (Lifestyle) 5. Sequences - Ethos (Blu Saphir Limited) 6. Document One - Black Holes (Shogun audio) 7. S.P.Y - Rock Da House (Hospital dub) 8. Kanobie - I Get High (Extinkt audio) 9. Severity - Broken Hearted (Whiney remix) (Unchained) 10.M Soul and S27 feat Subtle Element - By All Means (Vandal) 11. Sustance - Ugly (Shogun audio) 12. Manta Instinkt - Nautilus (Bad Taste) 13. Luk - Go (Negative sound) 14. Misanthrop and Synergy - Slap The Ghost (Neu) 15. Figure - Patient 138 (Doom) 16. Glacier - Disabled Control (Respect dub) 17. Teddy Killerz - Afrika (EatBrain) 18. Dezpot - Illuzion (Close2Death) 19. Bobby - Speak Of The Devil (Kosenprod) 20. Ogonek - Dream On (Max Shade remix) (Future Sickness) 21. Manta Kaiza - Megalo (Bad Taste dub) 22. Current Value - Signal Jam (Blackout music) 23. Des Mcmahon - Bad Habits (Santoku) 24. Falco - Thats It (Stickybass) 25. High Demand - In Yo Face (Extinkt audio) 26. Tomoyoshi mc Fearless - Danger (Original Key) 27. Vital - Clear Some Space (Dub Voltage) 28. Ironlung - DIY (Short Circuit) 29. Kanine - Want You (Crucast) 30. Isaac Maya feat Blackout Ja - Mic Champion (LowFreqMx) 31. Isaac Maya ft Scarra Mucci & Kojo Neatness - Jungle Be Good To Me (LowFreqMx) 32. dj Hybrid Ancient Bass - Toxic Jungle (Ancient Bass remix) (Audio Addict) 33. Kumarachi RMS - Straight Up (RMS rmx) (Audio Addict) 34. Doom Poets - Brighter Days (Tech Itch) 35. Mitekiss - Human (Hospital dub) 36. Paul A.F & Impish - Link (Occulti dub) 37. Mohican Sun - Purple World (Integral) 38. Keeno - While The World Sleeps (Hospital dub) 39. Macca Loz Contreras ft. TRAC - Leaps and Bounds (Liquid V dub) 40. Logistics - Let The Senses Clear Your Mind (Hospital dub) 41. Subsid and mSdoS - Soul In December (Sheer Velocity) 42. Atlantic Connection feat. Irene Merring - Shine (Liquid V dub) 43. Duoscience - Cheers (Diskool) 44. Konfront Audio and Ryck - Sit Back (Soul Deep exclusives) 45. Mr Joseph Illmatika - Her Name Is (Liquid V dub) 46. Phat Playaz - Broken Man Inside (Smooth N Groove) 47. Maverick Soul - Te Dua (Just Noyze) 48. Oat and Kca - Ecstasy (In:Deep music) 49. Klax Illiterate - Self Loathing (Shogun audio) 50. Chimpo feat DRS Slay and Ragoloco - No Trust (Box N Lock)

Vacuum Up Cool Stuff for Your Presentations   Do you have one of those diaries that includes a daily quotation on the page?  Or maybe you subscribe to a service that sends you uplifting quotes?  I have noticed that social media is also a great hunting ground for cool quotations too, as people share them around.  We probably note these and then move on with our lives.  For the presenter though, these are gold.  We need to be collecting these sound bites to lob into our presentations.   We might kick off the talk with a pithy quote or perhaps end with one.  This is a great way to start proceedings by setting the intellectual frame of reference for the audience.  Get them thinking and pondering about what we are saying. Ending with a great quote is like an excellent desert after a great meal, we leave feeling better.   Conveniently there are books of quotations in general and then there are collections of quotes from leading individuals.  If Winston Churchill had received a buck for every time he has been quoted, the sum would dwarf the wealth of the robber barons from Silicon Valley.  The point is, there is no shortage of material, only a shortage of imagination and awareness about using it.   The daily news is usually a tedious and depressing rendition of distant disasters, deadly deeds and dirty tricks being orchestrated somewhere on the planet.  It is also a good source of interesting tidbits we can inject into our talks to assist us in making a key point in our argument. Instead of just using it for the wrapping up of the vegetable peelings and fish bones, scan the pages for more gold. I find using a pen to mark an article helps me to locate it later and then cut out the piece that attracted my interest.  Then it is peelings bound, as it heads off to the trash.   We need to be looking for evergreen tidbits, because news rapidly becomes irrelevant.  We may not have a convenient speaking spot looming on the horizon to coordinate with our little explosive.  Capture them for later use.  You might be thinking, I don't fancy trying to store all these random bits of newsprint, getting dusty and tatty somewhere in the house.  These days we can take a photo with our phone, upload that to a cloud corral like Evernote and store it there.  Usually we are after short bits of fierce and fiery additions to our text, to illustrate a point we are making, so we don't need the whole article.   Other speakers are also occasionally a good source of quotes and stories.  Let me give an example of one I heard recently.  Mr Nagato, the head of Japan Post was relating a tale about former Prime Minister Mori.  Prime Minister Mori probably spent more time playing rugby than studying English when he was a lad, so his linguistic challenges were many.    Japan was hosting a G7 meeting and he had to greet all the heavy hitters as they arrived.  His minders had been working him over, to be able to get out a couple of simple phrases without the aid of interpreters. You can sense impending disaster already can't you!  So the phrases were “How are you” to which most people would say “I am well thank you” or something similar and Mori would then reply  “me too”.  This is the normal give and take and nothing too exotic or overly ambitious.   So Bill Clinton rolls into town and rather than following the script Mori says “Who are you” by mistake, to which Bill says “Hilary's Husband” and without missing a beat, Mori says “Me too”.  Bill carries on with “Good luck” and moves on inside.   Now that was a great story and Nagato san had very cleverly worked that into his topic, which had nothing to do with that G7 episode.  We all laughed and felt good about Nagato san and his talk.  This was no accident.  He had calculated this as a way to relax his audience and win them over to his side. It worked like a charm.   My point is, we are all swimming through a daily storm tide of quotes, tidbits, curiosities and stories which we can purloin and insert into our presentations.  This will make us more memorable and spice up our talks. All we have to do is open our eyes, start looking for them, then reach out and nail them down for future insertion.

Запись эфира от 16.06.18 1. Rameses B - Prometheus 2. State Of Mind - Max Headroom 3. Triamer & Nagato feat. Savage - Colombo 4. Smooth - Virgo Cluster 5. Trilo - Metrolab (Original Mix) 6. Outcrier - Pantropy 7. Ed Solo feat. Bengal - Trigger Warning 8. Current Value - Kaleidoscope 9. Hectix - High Pressure 10. Black Sun Empire feat. Foreign Beggars - Dawn of a Dark Day (Receptor Remix) 11. Mindscape feat. Miss Trouble - Desert Storm 12. Telekinesis - Bad Virus 13. Razlom - Deface 14. Dirtyphonics & 12th Planet feat. Julie Hardy - Freefall (Gydra remix) 15. OPTIV & BTK feat. Black Sun Empire - Heartshaped

Специальный выпуск. 50 треков. MEGAMIX. Запись эфира от 26.05.18 1. Aero Chord & Anuka - Incomplete (Muzzy Remix) 2. Cyantific - Outatime 3. Visius - Delusion (Original Mix) 4. Gydra - Chain Gang (Original Mix) 5. The Clamps feat. Tasha Baxter - The Chase 6. Sub Focus - X-Ray (Metrik Remix) 7. AcjnN & Sidelines - Inertia 8. DC Breaks - Creeper VIP 9. Kove feat. Jonny Fears - Bring Me Life 10. Zombie Cats feat. Kryptomedic - Upgrade 11. Black Sun Empire - Bitemark (Zardonic Remix) 12. ABIS & Signal feat. Tasha Baxter - The Wall 13. TC - Light The Place Up 14. Misanthrop - Big Data (Original Mix) 15. Tobax & Mean Teeth - Bring The Pain 16. Blue Stahli - Enemy (Gydra Remix) 17. Memtrix - Capsize 18. Killer Hertz - Armada 19. Custom Soldierz feat. Akrom - Empathy 20. Erb'N'Dub & DisasZt - Stop 21. Kronology - Breathe 22. Zardonic feat. Dextems - Reptile 23. Kursiva & Qhymera - Rush (Akrom Remix) 24. Loadstar feat. Jenn D - Losing You 25. Kentro - Bangalore 26. Mob Tactics - Black Diamond 27. Mind Vortex - Hotbox VIP 28. Akrom & Kutlo - Deep Web 29. Barbarix - Severed 30. Coppa & Raise Spirit - Oh No (Blaine Stranger Remix) 31. MC Coppa & Kung - Russian Roulette (Original mix) 32. Gydra - Hearing Damage 33. Matrix & Futurebound - Mystery Machine (Original Mix) 34. AKOV & The Clamps - Games With God 35. DC Breaks - Sidewinder 36. Disphonia - Energy (Inward, Hanzo & Randie Remix) 37. Triamer & Nagato vs Nanotek - Black Death (Original Mix) 38. Drumsound & Bassline Smith - Kilimanjaro 39. Tambour Battant feat. Noble Society - Surf The Wave (The Clamps Remix) 40. Delta Heavy - Gravity 41. Tantrum Desire feat. Rhymestar - Anarchist 42. Disaszt feat. Coppa - Trojan Horse 43. Agressor Bunx & L 33 - Slammer 44. Rene LaVice & Gydra - Cold Crush 45. Kursiva feat. Hijak MC - Ice Cold 46. Gydra - Rampage (Original Mix) 47. Rusty K - Frozen Heart 48. oneBYone - Roll That Philly 49. State Of Mind feat. MC Codebreaker - Run Out 50. Black Sun Empire feat. State Of Mind & Codebreaker - Long Time Dead (Original Mix)

01. Cooh - Stun Gun [POSITION CHROME] 02. C-Netik - Indigo [YELLOW STRIPE] 03. Katharsys - Dirty Like A French Man [OTHERCIDE] 04. Sinister Souls - Make Some Noise [PRSPCT] 05. TriaMer & Nagato & Savage - Colombo [PRSPCT] 06. Katharsys - Magnitude [OTHERCIDE] 07. Cooh & C.A.2K - Wasp [FUTURE SICKNESS RECORDINGS] 08. Gancher & Ruin & The Panacea - NRJ [YELLOW STRIPE] 09. Counterstrike - Killing Machine VIP (SPL & Limewax - VIP) [ALGORYTHM RECORDINGS] 10. C-Netik & Syrinx - Alien Menace [YELLOW STRIPE] 11. Sinister Souls & Freqax - Burn It [YELLOW STRIPE] 12. Merikan & Fragz - Hard Knocks [PRSPCT] 13. Sinister Souls - Swing [PRSPCT] 14. Gorebug - Singularity [BLAST FURNACE RECORDINGS] 15. Katharsys - Precog [OTHERCIDE] 16. Fragz & Cooh - Need To Go [POSITION CHROME] 17. The Clamps - MK Ultra [IMPACT MUSIC] 18. C-Netik & Syrinx - Stargate [YELLOW STRIPE] 19. TriaMer & Nagato - Bastards [YELLOW STRIPE] 20. Fragz, Cooh & Gancher & Ruin - Slave [YELLOW STRIPE] 21. Sinister Souls - Downfall [ALGORYTHM RECORDINGS] 22. The Clamps - Spaz Out [IMPACT MUSIC] 23. Goldberg Varations & Untergang - Ryse & Shiiine (Cooh Remix) [POSITION CHROME] 24. Kryzys & Syrinx - Crunchy Munchy [SECTION 8] 25. Savage & Hallucinator - Evil Has Found Me [BLACK HOE RECORDING] 26. Merikan - One Man's Hell Is Another Man's Paradise [PRSPCT]

Запись эфира от 17.02.18 1. Aero Chord & Anuka - Incomplete (Muzzy Remix) 2. Drumsound & Bassline Smith feat. Hadouken! - Daylight 3. Delta Heavy - Cut Me 4. Akrom & CUSTOM SOLDIERZ- Shifter 5. Zardonic feat. Dextems - Reptile 6. Killer Hertz - Armada 7. Culture Shock - East Block (Original Mix) 8. Pythius - Monster Black Hole 9. L Plus - Everyone (Original Mix) 10. Engage - Wire Lead 11. Cod3x - Building 12. KUURO - Omen 13. Deep Notion - To The Stars 14. Triamer & Nagato x Nais - Crocodile 15. Vecster - Critical Level

Эфир от 13.12.17. На этот раз много вокальных работ. Приятного) 1. Rene LaVice feat. FAYE - Twilight 2. Ephyum & LifeSize MC - Antimatter 3. Tobax feat. Talabun MC - Stop! 4. Maztek - Limber 5. Tambour Battant - Surf the Wave (The Clamps Remix) 6. InsideInfo feat. Miss Trouble - Metamorphosis 7. Beat Assassins feat. ELi - Procrasti-Nation (Mob Tactics Remix) 8. Calyx & TeeBee feat. Foreign Beggars - We Become Onw 9. Hadouken! - Bad Signal (The Prototypes Remix) 10. Camo & Krooked feat. TC - Get Dirty 11. Difend - Large Explosion 12. Dr Meaker - Don't Think It's Love (Mind Vortex Remix) 13. Receptor - Gulfstream 14. Mob Tactics feat. Joanna Syze - Fatal Attraction 15. Camo & Krooked feat. Ayah Marar - Watch It Burn 16. Triamer & Nagato x Savage - Colombo

1. Signal & Disprove: Mantura 2. Aeph: Highway Thirteen 3. Emetic Reflex: Prometheus Arrival On LV-223 4. Mizo: Digital Universe 5. Mastedix: Electrical Discharge 6. Triamer & Nagato ft. Nais: Crocodile 7. Traced: Killer 8. Gancher & Ruin: Why 9. Yellow Claw & Juyen Sebulba: Do You Like Bass? (Nymfo rmx) 10. TR Tactics: Imagination 11. Heamy: Lightning Storm (VIP) 12. )EIIB( ft. Sitka: Primal Fire 13. Metamorph: Timeless ft. Spazzz Polson 14. Mindmapper & Silvahfonk: Electronic Harassment 15. Kiril: Minimal Instinkt 16. Bredren ft. MC Swift: The Legion (Fre4knc rmx) 17. Goodfield: Paradox 18. Bredren: LRC 19. Ill Truth: The Owl 20. Amoss: Crab Stance 21. Mindmapper & Fre4knc: Shutter Angel 22. GLXY & Hugh Hardie & Visionobi: Butterfly Effect 23. Bredren & Tom Small: Sixth Sense 24. Black Opps: Cosmonaughts 25. DMPR: Unexpected

Sickcast Vol. 25 mixed by Proton Kid Proton Kid mixed the 25th Sickcast to promote his upcoming 'Giants EP' on Future Sickness. Giants EP: http://smarturl.it/SICKDIG059 Enjoy the sickness! Future Sickness Records : ►Web: www.futuresickness-records.com ►Facebook: www.facebook.com/FutureSickness ►Soundcloud: @futuresickness ►Twitter: twitter.com/future_sickness ►Youtube: www.youtube.com/c/FutureSicknessRecords Proton Kid: ►Soundcloud: @proton_kid_law ►Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ProtonKid1 Free Download / Stream: ►Soundcloud: bit.ly/SickcastsSoundcloud ►iTunes : bit.ly/sickcast ►Mixcloud : bit.ly/SickcastsMixcloud ►Youtube : bit.ly/SickcastsYouTube Tracklist: 1.Volatile Cycle - Punisher (FREE) 2.Red Pill & Zombie Cats - Red Cat (Eatbrain) 3.Transforma - Annihilate (Future Sickness) 4.Proton Kid - ID 5.Proton Kid & Sequential - Not Real (Forthcoming Close 2 Death) 6.Optiv, CZA, Inward, Hanzo & Randie - Knucle Head (Cause4Concern) 7.Hanzo & Inward - N-Talk (Cause4Concern) 8.Proton Kid & Sequential - Cranks (LoudNoiz Music FREE) 9.Proton Kid - ID 10.Damage Inc - Psycho Circus (The Clamps Remix) (Future Sickness) 11.Triamer & Nagato feat. Savage - Colombo (PRSPCT) 12.Merikan - Superficial Extent (PRSPCT) 13.Kursiva - Hydra (Kinetik) 14.Hybris - Uproot (Dispatch) 15.Current Value - Tremor (Yellow Stripe) 16.Katharsys - Trainwreck (Synthakt Remix) (Forthcoming Future Sickness) 17.Sinister Sols & Cooh - Fight For More (PRSPCT) 18.Fragz & Cooh - Need To Go (Position Chrome) 19.Gancher & Ruin vs Splasheads - Technodrone (Future Sikness) 20.Proton Kid - Glitchcraft (Zteren Recordings) 21.NPhonix - Sever (Eye-D & Counterstrike Remix) (Algorythm) 22.Proton Kid - Shotgun (LoudNoiz Music FREE) 23.Proton Kid - Giants (Forthcoming Future Sickness) 24.Proton Kid - Get Out (Forthcoming Future Sickness) 25.Proton Kid - Hideaway (Giveaway Track) 26.Absurd - Mekanizm (Forthcoming Future Sickness) 27.Proton Kid - Another Galaxy (Forthcoming Perkussiv) 28.Current Value - Permafrost (Subsistenz) 29.Donny - Ten Tone Hammer (Katharsys Remix) (Othercide) 30.Proton Kid - Scare (C.A.2K Remix)(unreleased) 31.Signal - Descent (Critical) 32.Smooth - Device (RAM) 33.Hallucinator - Voodoo (Yellow Stripe) 34.Proton Kid - Nietzsche (Insane Records) 35.Detest - Brave the storm (Limewax & Trasher Remix) (PRSPCT) 36.The Clamps - In The Depths (Heresy)

Ragecast Vol. 2 mixed by TriaMer & Nagato TriaMer & Nagato mixed the second Ragecast to promote there upcoming 'Retribution EP' on Future Sickness Rage. Enjoy the rage! Future Sickness Records : ►Web: www.futuresickness-records.com ►Facebook: www.facebook.com/FutureSickness ►Soundcloud: @futuresickness ►Twitter: twitter.com/future_sickness ►Youtube: www.youtube.com/c/FutureSicknessRecords TriaMer & Nagato: ►Facebook: www.facebook.com/triamerandnagato ►Soundcloud: @triamerandnagato Free Download / Stream: ►Soundcloud: bit.ly/RagecastsSoundcloud ►iTunes : bit.ly/SickcastsRagecastsiTunes ►Mixcloud : bit.ly/RagecastsMixcloud ►Youtube : bit.ly/RagecastsYouTube Tracklist: 1) Triamer & Nagato – Inner Voices (feat Savage) (Future Sickness Rage) 2) The Anunnaki feat MC Braincase - Hardcore riot (Brutale) 3) Bazooka - Bassdrum Korrekt (Aural Carnage) 4) Limewax - Bangrything (Triamer & Nagato Duomix) 5) Triamer & Nagato – Into The Dark (Future Sickness) 6) Triamer & Nagato – Take Me On A Ride (Future Sickness) 7) Evol Intent & Arsenic - Real Talk (Evol intent) 8) Triamer & Nagato – Your Soul (TBA) 9) Technical Itch – The Rukus (Penetration) 10) Angerfist - Street fighter (Moh) 11) Dub Elements - Bad Guy (Viper) 12) The Panacea - Ryse & Shiiine Feat. Goldberg Variations & Untergang (Cooh Remix) (Position Chrome) 13) Triamer & Nagato – Drone (TBA) 14) Triamer & Nagato – Retribution (Future Sickness Rage) 15) Triamer & Nagato – Mosaika (feat Gancher & Ruin) (Yellow stripe) 16) Triamer & Nagato – Bastards (Yellow stripe) 17) Linkin Park - One Step Closer (DJ Mad Dog Bootleg) 18) Ignite – Fuckers (Dogfight) 19) Triamer & Nagato – Hard Bass (feat Sinister Souls & The Clamps) (Yellow stripe) 20) Sei2ure & Thrasher – Revolution (Prspct) 21) Triamer & Nagato – Manekens (Future Sickness Rage)

Sickcast Vol. 22 mixed by Nothing Personal Nothing Personal mixed the 22th Sickcast to promote his upcoming 'Pulsar EP' on Future Sickness. You can check out all the tracks of his upcoming EP in the sickcast. Enjoy the sickness! Future Sickness Records : ►Web: www.futuresickness-records.com ►Facebook: www.facebook.com/FutureSickness ►Soundcloud: @futuresickness ►Twitter: twitter.com/future_sickness ►Youtube: www.youtube.com/c/FutureSicknessRecords Nothing Personal: ►Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/nothingpersonaldnb ►Soundcloud: @nothingpersonaldnb Free Download / Stream: ►Soundcloud: bit.ly/SickcastsSoundcloud ►iTunes : bit.ly/sickcast ►Mixcloud : bit.ly/SickcastsMixcloud ►Youtube : bit.ly/SickcastsYouTube 1. Neonlight - Bad Omen (BlackoutMusicNL) 2. Nothing Personal - Set Fire To The Stars (Metafiziq) 3. Telekinesis - Shut Up (BlackoutMusicNL) 4. Nothing Personal - Keep It Clean (Future Sickness Forthcoming) 5. Impak - Dogs & Cats (C4C) 6. Segment & Concept Vision feat Signal - Barrier (Major League DnB) 7. Nothing Personal - Pulsar (Future Sickness Forthcoming) 8. June Miller - Spin Test (RAM Records) 9. Nothing Personal - Jump & Bass (Future Sickness Forthcoming) 10. Triamer, Nagato, Savage - Colombo (PRSPCT) 11. Kryptomedic - Hunter (Bowsar Remix) (FREE) 12. State Of Mind & Jade - Respirator (Eatbrain) 13. Nothing Personal & Max Shade - Veam Zi (Dubplate) 14. Nothing Personal - Noob Saibot (Metafiziq) 15. Nothing Personal - Hot Pursuit (Future Sickness Forthcoming) 16. Agressor Bunx - Roadside (BlackoutMusicNL) 17. Nothing Personal & Max Shade - Don't Talk To Me (Future Sickness) 18. Nothing Personal - Giant Human (Metafiziq Forthcoming)

Triamer & Nagato present Podcast 027

14 АПРЕЛЯ!!! в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW with TRIAMER & NAGATO [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].В этот четверг в эфире HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW ожидается полнейшее TRIAGATO!!! В гости к нам заглянут кубанские гарные хлопцы TRIAMER & NAGATO!!! Узнаем у ребят, что интересного произошло за последнее время, как дела у Triamer Recordings, и как сильно курс доллара повлиял на шмат сала)soundcloud.com/triamerandnagat… | www.facebook.com/triamerandnag…Музыка: TRIAMER & NAGATO - Guest mix.

14 АПРЕЛЯ!!! в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW with TRIAMER & NAGATO [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].В этот четверг в эфире HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW ожидается полнейшее TRIAGATO!!! В гости к нам заглянут кубанские гарные хлопцы TRIAMER & NAGATO!!! Узнаем у ребят, что интересного произошло за последнее время, как дела у Triamer Recordings, и как сильно курс доллара повлиял на шмат сала)soundcloud.com/triamerandnagat… | www.facebook.com/triamerandnag…Музыка: TRIAMER & NAGATO - Guest mix.

 Праздничный Pirate Station #755  предстал в легком флешбеке от прошедшего фестиваля  PS Circus и в очень тяжелых и энергичных настроениях гостевых миксов... Встречали darkstep, crossbreed, darkside  и даже hardcore вибрации в достаточно эксклюзивных подборках от музыканта из Москвы SYRINX, дуэта из Краснодара TRIAMER & NAGATO  и продюсера из Санкт - Петербурга BIG-HEAD...Всем мир!) GVOZD vibes: 1.Sigma feat. Labrinth - Higher 2.Delta Heavy - Punish My Love (Delta Heavy 174 mix) 3.Feint - Fall Away 4.June Miller & Teddy Killerz - Rock'n'roll 5.Misanthrop - Rock n Roll 6.Prolix - Sycophant 7.Barely Alive Feat Coppa - Shudder (Joe Ford Remix) 8.Ozma - Pixels 9.Lowirdez - Badman (Lyptikal remix) 10.EastColors Traffic Noel - Dreams 11.Gridlok and Prolix - Poisonous (Borderline remix) 12.Teddy Killerz and Billain - Wizard 13.Phace & Misanthrop - Waveform 14.Sigma - Beyond The Wall SYRINX guestmix: 1.Inerpois & Syrinx - Sucker Punch 2.Syrinx - Everybody In Da Club 3.Syrinx - Deadly Hustle 4.Syrinx & SA+AN - Beldame 5.Syrinx & Suicide - Evil Core 6.C-Netik & Syrinx - Alien Menace (Syrinx VIP) 7.Syrinx - Hard Dance 8.Syrinx - Returned 9.Syrinx - The Gold Stars & The Demons Wars 10.Syrinx - Bamabus Wizardcock With Cat Axe (Freqax Remix) 11.C-Netik & Syrinx - Pale Blue 12.Syrinx - Masturbating Friendly Hobo 13.Hardlogik & Syrinx - Eat Vegans, Go Hard 14.C-Netik & Syrinx - Stargate TRIAMER & NAGATO guestmix: 1) The Hard Way - Total fucking nihilism (Panacea remix) (PRSPCT) 2) Triamer & Nagato - Bastards (Mindocracy forthcoming) 3) Fragz & Sinister Souls - U Mad (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 4) Triamer & Nagato - Hands Up (Black hoe forthcoming) 5) Gancher & Ruin - Signal (Mindocracy forthcoming) 6) Fragz & Katharsys - Low life criminals (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 7) Triamer & Nagato - Fairytales (feat. Nais) (Prspct forthcoming) 8) Counterstrike - Against the Grain (Algorythm forthcoming) 9) Triamer & Nagato vs Gancher & Ruin - Nihil (Prspct forthcoming) 10) Dkaos - Epistemic (Prspct) 11) Fragz & Limewax - Flickering switch (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 12) Triamer & Nagato - Boosted (Mindocracy forthcoming) 13) Counterstrike - The Rage (Algorythm forthcoming) 14) Gancher & Ruin - Reborn (Mindocracy forthcoming) 15) Triamer & Nagato - Riot (Mindocracy forthcoming) 16) Triamer & Nagato - Lazerjet (Mindocracy forthcoming) BIG-HEAD guestmix: 1 ID 2 ID 3 BIG-HEAD - Blood Lust [TBA] 4 BIG-HEAD - Entropy [Mindocracy forthcoming] 5 BIG-HEAD - Hidden Sanctuary [H&L forthcoming] 6 BIG-HEAD - Devastation [TBA] 7 LIMEWAX - Chikatila [Position Chrome] 8 BIG-HEAD - Necrofunk (feat. Untitled DJ) [TBA] 9 BIG-HEAD - Antique [Harder & Louder forthcoming] 10 BIG-HEAD - Sarcomand [Harder & Louder] 11 BIG-HEAD - Sonic Blast (feat. C.V.I, Krieg, Inerpois) [Black Hoe forthcoming] 12 BIG-HEAD - Sunset Of Eternity [TBA] 13 LIMEWAX - Big Bang (MULTIPROGRAMM Bootleg) [FREE ON SOUNDCLOUD.COM] 14 BIG-HEAD - Devil's Dance [H&L forthcoming] 15 ID 16 MULTIPROGRAMM - 42nd Chromosome [TBA] 17 BIG-HEAD - Beware, I Come [TBA] 18 BIG-HEAD - Rocket Ride [TBA] 19 KATHARSYS & BIG-HEAD & NAGATO - Forever Undefined [TBA]

 Праздничный Pirate Station #755  предстал в легком флешбеке от прошедшего фестиваля  PS Circus и в очень тяжелых и энергичных настроениях гостевых миксов... Встречали darkstep, crossbreed, darkside  и даже hardcore вибрации в достаточно эксклюзивных подборках от музыканта из Москвы SYRINX, дуэта из Краснодара TRIAMER & NAGATO  и продюсера из Санкт - Петербурга BIG-HEAD...Всем мир!) GVOZD vibes: 1.Sigma feat. Labrinth - Higher 2.Delta Heavy - Punish My Love (Delta Heavy 174 mix) 3.Feint - Fall Away 4.June Miller & Teddy Killerz - Rock'n'roll 5.Misanthrop - Rock n Roll 6.Prolix - Sycophant 7.Barely Alive Feat Coppa - Shudder (Joe Ford Remix) 8.Ozma - Pixels 9.Lowirdez - Badman (Lyptikal remix) 10.EastColors Traffic Noel - Dreams 11.Gridlok and Prolix - Poisonous (Borderline remix) 12.Teddy Killerz and Billain - Wizard 13.Phace & Misanthrop - Waveform 14.Sigma - Beyond The Wall SYRINX guestmix: 1.Inerpois & Syrinx - Sucker Punch 2.Syrinx - Everybody In Da Club 3.Syrinx - Deadly Hustle 4.Syrinx & SA+AN - Beldame 5.Syrinx & Suicide - Evil Core 6.C-Netik & Syrinx - Alien Menace (Syrinx VIP) 7.Syrinx - Hard Dance 8.Syrinx - Returned 9.Syrinx - The Gold Stars & The Demons Wars 10.Syrinx - Bamabus Wizardcock With Cat Axe (Freqax Remix) 11.C-Netik & Syrinx - Pale Blue 12.Syrinx - Masturbating Friendly Hobo 13.Hardlogik & Syrinx - Eat Vegans, Go Hard 14.C-Netik & Syrinx - Stargate TRIAMER & NAGATO guestmix: 1) The Hard Way - Total fucking nihilism (Panacea remix) (PRSPCT) 2) Triamer & Nagato - Bastards (Mindocracy forthcoming) 3) Fragz & Sinister Souls - U Mad (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 4) Triamer & Nagato - Hands Up (Black hoe forthcoming) 5) Gancher & Ruin - Signal (Mindocracy forthcoming) 6) Fragz & Katharsys - Low life criminals (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 7) Triamer & Nagato - Fairytales (feat. Nais) (Prspct forthcoming) 8) Counterstrike - Against the Grain (Algorythm forthcoming) 9) Triamer & Nagato vs Gancher & Ruin - Nihil (Prspct forthcoming) 10) Dkaos - Epistemic (Prspct) 11) Fragz & Limewax - Flickering switch (Yellow stripe forthcoming) 12) Triamer & Nagato - Boosted (Mindocracy forthcoming) 13) Counterstrike - The Rage (Algorythm forthcoming) 14) Gancher & Ruin - Reborn (Mindocracy forthcoming) 15) Triamer & Nagato - Riot (Mindocracy forthcoming) 16) Triamer & Nagato - Lazerjet (Mindocracy forthcoming) BIG-HEAD guestmix: 1 ID 2 ID 3 BIG-HEAD - Blood Lust [TBA] 4 BIG-HEAD - Entropy [Mindocracy forthcoming] 5 BIG-HEAD - Hidden Sanctuary [H&L forthcoming] 6 BIG-HEAD - Devastation [TBA] 7 LIMEWAX - Chikatila [Position Chrome] 8 BIG-HEAD - Necrofunk (feat. Untitled DJ) [TBA] 9 BIG-HEAD - Antique [Harder & Louder forthcoming] 10 BIG-HEAD - Sarcomand [Harder & Louder] 11 BIG-HEAD - Sonic Blast (feat. C.V.I, Krieg, Inerpois) [Black Hoe forthcoming] 12 BIG-HEAD - Sunset Of Eternity [TBA] 13 LIMEWAX - Big Bang (MULTIPROGRAMM Bootleg) [FREE ON SOUNDCLOUD.COM] 14 BIG-HEAD - Devil's Dance [H&L forthcoming] 15 ID 16 MULTIPROGRAMM - 42nd Chromosome [TBA] 17 BIG-HEAD - Beware, I Come [TBA] 18 BIG-HEAD - Rocket Ride [TBA] 19 KATHARSYS & BIG-HEAD & NAGATO - Forever Undefined [TBA]

В этом эфире Пиратской Станции был представлен целый гостевой марафон: в течение первого часа 5 диджеев ( MF, Tinkertone, dj M.A.D, Exelent, Hysteric) участников фестиваля Pirate Station Красноярск, заряжали нас своими настроениями, а весь второй час шоу вибрировал и гудел новыми реализациями dnb идей в моей подборке! Откройте свои ушки) >>>>>>>> The Prototypes - Hypercube » Des McMahon - Fractured Spor - Supernova » Chris.SU - First Snow Friction vs Dimension - Kinetic » Hamilton - Echoes Dimension - Jet Black Chris.SU - Vital Moments (feat. Kryptomedic) Secret Panda Society - Tunnel Vision (Original Mix) BTK Optiv - Let It Loose (Emperor Remix) Mefjus - Saturate » Enter Shikari - Anaesthetist (Koven Remix) Phil Tangent - We Don't Talk Anymore >>>>>>>> Meridian dan – hot for me now (calyx & teebee remix) » tc & distorted minds – jump » nickbee – third entity Noisia & the upbeats – dead limit » june miller – chain of strength Calyx & teebee – day that never comes Noisia – incessant Mefjus & insidieinfo – pulsation » scar – caged Misanthrop – rotor » sub focus – timewarp Knife party – lrad (prototypes remix) » hypoxia – badass » g dub – tink ya bad Frankee – the power >>>> 01.BSE - Hideous (Doctrine Remix) 02.Audio - Shatterdome 03.Chris.SU - U-R-A-R 04.Current Value - Coditioning 05.Maztek - M Theory (Audio Remix) 06.Emperor & Mefjus - Void Main Void 07.Doctrine - Airlock 08.Doctrine & Hypoxia - Carcosa 09.Icicle - Neutralize 10.Mefjus & Kasra - Cypher 11.Noisia, Mefjus & Hybris - Reptilians 12.Audio - 2 Stroke 13.Enei - Hot Plate >>>> 01. Current Value - Get Down To It [Trendkill] 02. Machine Code & Coppa - Counterbalance [C4C] 03. DJ Hidden - Grid Based [PRSPCT] 04. Switch Technique & Brainpain - The Babylon Whore [Culture Assault] 05. Evol 1ntent - Suicide (Eye-D remix) [Evol Intent] 06. Machine Code & CZA - Something [C4C] 07. M Set & Deefa - All Consuming Fear (Amoss remix) [Flexout Audio] 08. Skeptical - Delusions of Grandeur [Exit] 09. Amoss & MC Fokus - The Shapeshifter (Skeptical remix) [Dispatch] 10. Nausika - Synthetic [Subtitles Music] 11. Brandon Miles & Tricky Pat - Loc-Nar [Eternia Music]

В этом эфире Пиратской Станции был представлен целый гостевой марафон: в течение первого часа 5 диджеев ( MF, Tinkertone, dj M.A.D, Exelent, Hysteric) участников фестиваля Pirate Station Красноярск, заряжали нас своими настроениями, а весь второй час шоу вибрировал и гудел новыми реализациями dnb идей в моей подборке! Откройте свои ушки) >>>>>>>> The Prototypes - Hypercube » Des McMahon - Fractured Spor - Supernova » Chris.SU - First Snow Friction vs Dimension - Kinetic » Hamilton - Echoes Dimension - Jet Black Chris.SU - Vital Moments (feat. Kryptomedic) Secret Panda Society - Tunnel Vision (Original Mix) BTK Optiv - Let It Loose (Emperor Remix) Mefjus - Saturate » Enter Shikari - Anaesthetist (Koven Remix) Phil Tangent - We Don't Talk Anymore >>>>>>>> Meridian dan – hot for me now (calyx & teebee remix) » tc & distorted minds – jump » nickbee – third entity Noisia & the upbeats – dead limit » june miller – chain of strength Calyx & teebee – day that never comes Noisia – incessant Mefjus & insidieinfo – pulsation » scar – caged Misanthrop – rotor » sub focus – timewarp Knife party – lrad (prototypes remix) » hypoxia – badass » g dub – tink ya bad Frankee – the power >>>> 01.BSE - Hideous (Doctrine Remix) 02.Audio - Shatterdome 03.Chris.SU - U-R-A-R 04.Current Value - Coditioning 05.Maztek - M Theory (Audio Remix) 06.Emperor & Mefjus - Void Main Void 07.Doctrine - Airlock 08.Doctrine & Hypoxia - Carcosa 09.Icicle - Neutralize 10.Mefjus & Kasra - Cypher 11.Noisia, Mefjus & Hybris - Reptilians 12.Audio - 2 Stroke 13.Enei - Hot Plate >>>> 01. Current Value - Get Down To It [Trendkill] 02. Machine Code & Coppa - Counterbalance [C4C] 03. DJ Hidden - Grid Based [PRSPCT] 04. Switch Technique & Brainpain - The Babylon Whore [Culture Assault] 05. Evol 1ntent - Suicide (Eye-D remix) [Evol Intent] 06. Machine Code & CZA - Something [C4C] 07. M Set & Deefa - All Consuming Fear (Amoss remix) [Flexout Audio] 08. Skeptical - Delusions of Grandeur [Exit] 09. Amoss & MC Fokus - The Shapeshifter (Skeptical remix) [Dispatch] 10. Nausika - Synthetic [Subtitles Music] 11. Brandon Miles & Tricky Pat - Loc-Nar [Eternia Music]

21 МАЯ!!! в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW with TRIAMER & NAGATO [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].Весна 2015 года богата на "камбеки"))) Поэтому в этот четверг, как мы и обещали, в гости на Адскую Кухню заглянут Леха TRIAMER и Дима NAGATO!!! Разузнаем у парней, где они пропадали и чем занимаются сейчас, а также выясним, что интересного произошло у них с момента последнего визита на нашу кухню!!! Не пропустите!!!Музыка: TRIAMER & NAGARO - Guest mix.

21 МАЯ!!! в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW with TRIAMER & NAGATO [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].Весна 2015 года богата на "камбеки"))) Поэтому в этот четверг, как мы и обещали, в гости на Адскую Кухню заглянут Леха TRIAMER и Дима NAGATO!!! Разузнаем у парней, где они пропадали и чем занимаются сейчас, а также выясним, что интересного произошло у них с момента последнего визита на нашу кухню!!! Не пропустите!!!Музыка: TRIAMER & NAGARO - Guest mix.

30 ОКТЯБРЯ!!! в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW with BIG-HEAD [SPB / RUSSIA].BIG-HEAD (aka Дмитрий Савин) – drum’n’bass-продюсер из Санкт-Петербурга. Начал карьеру в 2006 году. С конца 2011 года входит в состав проекта Multiprogramm вместе с Nagato. Первый релиз состоялся на успешном немецком лейбле T3K Recordings в апреле 2012 года. На данный момент успел отыграть свои сумасшедшие сеты на одной сцене с такими корифеями мировой сцены, как Current Value, Donny, Counterstrike, Robyn Chaos, Zardonic, Dom & Roland. Его треки получают мощную поддержку от португальского крыла в виде C-Netik.soundcloud.com/bigheaddnbМузыка: BIG-HEAD - Guest Mix

12 Сентября в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW - TRIAMER RECORDINGS PODCAST!В ЭТОТ ЧЕТВЕРГ!!! ЭКСКЛЮЗИВНО в эфире HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW презентация первого подкаста от TRIAMER RECORDINGS, а также треки с совместного альбома TRIAMER & NAGATO - the Power Of Darkness LP, который выйдет 1го Октября на TRIAMER RECORDINGS! C нами в эфире Алексей TRIAMER и Дима NAGATO! НЕ ПРОПУСТИ!!!soundcloud.com/triamer-recordi…Музыка: TRIAMER Recordings - Podcast 001

12 Сентября в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com | HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW - TRIAMER RECORDINGS PODCAST!В ЭТОТ ЧЕТВЕРГ!!! ЭКСКЛЮЗИВНО в эфире HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW презентация первого подкаста от TRIAMER RECORDINGS, а также треки с совместного альбома TRIAMER & NAGATO - the Power Of Darkness LP, который выйдет 1го Октября на TRIAMER RECORDINGS! C нами в эфире Алексей TRIAMER и Дима NAGATO! НЕ ПРОПУСТИ!!!soundcloud.com/triamer-recordi…Музыка: TRIAMER Recordings - Podcast 001

Twisted's Darkside Podcast 116 FRAME OF MIND Country: Russia Style: Industrial Hardcore Label: The Third Movement Cat: DARKPOD116 01. The Bloody Beetroots & Steve Aoki - Warp 1.9 02. Frame of Mind - Die Guetta 03. ID - ID 04. Innovative - A Beautiful Thing Taking Me Away 05. Frame of Mind - Asswell 06. Stormtrooper - Waste Land 07. The Illuminati - Pulse Wave 08. Moleculez - Gargoyle 09. Enzyme X - Nurse 10. The Horrorist - Haywire (Tymon Remix) 11. Catscan - ARP 12. The Outside Agency - A Perfect World 13. Enzyme X - Hammerhead 14. Armageddon Project - Of Dreams Disillusions 15. Peaky Pounder - Munauainen (Carnage & Cluster Remix) 16. Enzyme X - Mastodont 17. Frame of Mind - Lethal Vibes 18. Nagato & Jakub23 - Butthash 19. Tymon & Waldhaus - Purgatory 20. Jason Little vs Waldhaus - Mindzone 21. Lunatic & Miss Hysteria - Creatures 22. Enzyme X - Kegadoru Find more about the artist: http://www.facebook.com/frameofmind.hardcore ~TWISTED EVENTS LINKS~ www.twisted.fm www.facebook.com/twisted.events.official www.twitter.com/twisted_events www.youtube.com/user/TwistedEventsTV @twisted-events ~OTHER TWISTED SITES~ www.impactscotland.co.uk www.infexious.tv www.motormourhrecordz.com www.twistedartists.com

From wikipedia.org: Victor Joseph "Vic" Mignogna (/m?n'j??n?/) is an American voice actor and musician best known for his work for ADV Films/Seraphim Digital, Funimation Entertainment/OkraTron 5000, and Viz Media/Studiopolis. He has provided numerous voices for Japanese anime series and video games. Mignogna is best known for his dub role of Edward Elric in Fullmetal Alchemist (which earned him an American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007) and the alternate/followup series Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. He also voices Broly in the Dragon Ball Z films, Forbesii in Shuffle!, Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club, Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach, Nagato in Naruto Shippuden, Dark Mousy in D.N.Angel, and Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in Vampire Knight.[3] Recently he has done the voices for Spirit Albarn in Soul Eater, Yoshimori Sumimura in Kekkaishi, and Nagato and Fuen in Naruto Shippuden. He is the voice of E-123 Omega from the SEGA franchise Sonic the Hedgehog.

14 Марта в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com - HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW | Special Guest's - NAGATO & TRIAMER [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].NAGATO (Дмитрий Коваленко) - drum’n’bass-продюсер из Краснодара. Первые шаги в написании музыки он сделал в 2006 году. Отдает предпочтение более жесткому звучанию, но не ограничивается одним стилем музыки. В настоящее время Nagato совершенствует свои навыки. Входит в состав проекта TriaGato вместе с краснодарским продюссером TriaMer'ом, а также участник проекта Multiprogramm с продюссером из Питера - Big-Head'ом. В 2010 году Nagato подписывает свой нашумевший трек Burning In Hell и с этого все началось. В данный момент готовятся выйти в свет релизы на таких лейблах как Freak, PRSPCT, Bad Chemistry, The Third Movement. В настоящее время Дмитрий имеет поддержку от таких звезд dnb и hardcore сцены как DJ Hidden, Dither, I:Gor, Frame Of Mind, TriaMer, Dylan, Katharsys, Counterstrike, Deathmachine, Peter Kurten, Freqax, Proton Kid, eRRe, Hardlogik, Gein.К Диме NAGATO присоединится Алексей TRIAMER так, что в эфире В ЭТОТ ЧЕТВЕРГ ожидается полное TRIAGATO!soundcloud.com/nagato_dnb / https://soundcloud.com/triamer…Музыка: DarkStep, CrossBreed, TRIAGATO - Guest Mix (by NAGATO).

14 Марта в 23:00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com - HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW | Special Guest's - NAGATO & TRIAMER [KRASNODAR / RUSSIA].NAGATO (Дмитрий Коваленко) - drum’n’bass-продюсер из Краснодара. Первые шаги в написании музыки он сделал в 2006 году. Отдает предпочтение более жесткому звучанию, но не ограничивается одним стилем музыки. В настоящее время Nagato совершенствует свои навыки. Входит в состав проекта TriaGato вместе с краснодарским продюссером TriaMer'ом, а также участник проекта Multiprogramm с продюссером из Питера - Big-Head'ом. В 2010 году Nagato подписывает свой нашумевший трек Burning In Hell и с этого все началось. В данный момент готовятся выйти в свет релизы на таких лейблах как Freak, PRSPCT, Bad Chemistry, The Third Movement. В настоящее время Дмитрий имеет поддержку от таких звезд dnb и hardcore сцены как DJ Hidden, Dither, I:Gor, Frame Of Mind, TriaMer, Dylan, Katharsys, Counterstrike, Deathmachine, Peter Kurten, Freqax, Proton Kid, eRRe, Hardlogik, Gein.К Диме NAGATO присоединится Алексей TRIAMER так, что в эфире В ЭТОТ ЧЕТВЕРГ ожидается полное TRIAGATO!soundcloud.com/nagato_dnb / https://soundcloud.com/triamer…Музыка: DarkStep, CrossBreed, TRIAGATO - Guest Mix (by NAGATO).

17 января в 23.00 по Москве на DirtLabAudio.com - HELL KITCHEN RADIOSHOW | Special Guest BIG-HEAD [SAINT-PETERSBURG]BIG-HEAD (aka Дмитрий Савин) – drum’n’bass-продюсер из Санкт-Петербурга. Начал карьеру в 2006 году. С конца 2011 года входит в состав проекта Multiprogramm вместе с Nagato. Первый релиз состоялся на успешном немецком лейбле T3K Recordings в апреле 2012 года.Лейблы: T3K, Harder & Louder, DeathSoundBat / soundcloud.com/bigheaddnbМузыка: CrossBreed, DarkStep, BIG-HEAD - Guest Mix

Lo nuevo, y viejo de Naganoticias (lunes 4/07/11)