Podcasts about Silk Road

Crypto scams and how to protect yourself with Chainalysis' Eric Jardine. Eric Jardine, Head of Research at Chainalysis, joins Gen C to break down their latest crypto crime report and the staggering numbers of nearly $17 billion stolen in scams in 2025 alone. Eric explains how AI has changed the scam equation by allowing bad actors to hit massive scale without sacrificing quality, why the people executing scams in Southeast Asian compounds are often trafficking victims themselves, and why crypto's measurability is actually an argument in its favor and not against it. Links mentioned from the podcast: Chainalysis Website: https://www.chainalysis.com/ Crypto Crime Report: https://www.chainalysis.com/reports/crypto-crime-2026/ Timecodes: 0:00 Intro 0:40 Sam's intro: crypto crime by the numbers 1:44 Welcome Eric Jardine, Chainalysis 2:34 $17B+ stolen in crypto scams (2025) 2:55 Why are scams growing? Bull markets & victim pools 4:19 Impersonation scams up 1400% YoY 5:10 How impersonation scams work (IRS, Coinbase, deepfakes) 6:53 E-ZPass smishing — crypto settlement demands 8:24 Scam-as-a-service: $500 spoofed government websites 10:24 AI as a productivity boost for criminals 11:58 DPRK (Lazarus Group) vs. Southeast Asia scam compounds 13:57 Human trafficking & forced labor in scam operations 17:37 How to protect yourself 20:09 Jurisdictional challenges & enforcement gaps 21:45 Silk Road anniversary & crypto's illicit narrative 23:04 Is crypto actually worse than cash for crime? 25:13 Enforcement wins: 61K BTC recovered, $15B forfeiture 26:13 Closing Remarks - "Gen C" features host Sam Ewen. Executive produced by Uyen Truong.

Zach Hesson joins the show for today's episode. He and Michael talk about the Silk Road, digging through trash cans at the zoo, and Andrew Dice Clay street interviews.Thanks to everyone who came out to the shows in Orlando and thanks Zach for hosting the show and joining us for the first time on Morning Good. You can catch him live in Florida or follow him on Instagram @zach.hesson. Check out his band Skatter Brainz as well. As always, find Michael Good on Instagram @michaelgoodcomedy and on Twitter @agoodmichael. Check out the show on YouTube and follow the official Instagram page @morninggoodpodcast.

Hear about travel to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and the annual Amateur Traveler trip as host Chris Christensen and guest Bill Abbott talk about a tour to 2 of the 5 'Stans in Central Asia. This week's show is supported by the new Smart Travel Podcast. Travel smarter — and spend less — with help from NerdWallet. Check out Smart Travel ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Why should you go to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan? Chris says, "In this area, you can stand in these beautiful cities that date back over two thousand years. This is a trip through some of the great crossroads of world history: Persian empires, Silk Road merchants, Turkic tribes, Mongol armies, Timurid architects, Russian generals, Soviet planners, and two very different modern countries. This is not the edge of the map as we tend to view it, but historically, it's the middle of the map." In this episode of Amateur Traveler, we celebrate episode 1,000 with a trip through Central Asia to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The episode follows a G Adventures trip, Best of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, with a small group of Amateur Traveler listeners. ... https://amateurtraveler.com/travel-to-uzbekistan-and-turkmenistan/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

SPONSORS: 1) MARS MEN: For a limited time, our listeners get 50% off FOR LIFE, Free Shipping, AND 3 Free Gifts at Mars Men at https://Mengotomars.com JOIN PATREON FOR EARLY UNCENSORED EPISODE RELEASES: https://www.patreon.com/JulianDorey CLIPPERS DISCORD: https://discord.gg/8QmWEKJ3BT (***TIMESTAMPS in description below) ~ Ben Westhoff is an investigative journalist and one of the most respected experts on the fentanyl crisis in America. His 2019 book, Fentanyl, Inc. exposed the entire fentanyl market problem to the mainstream FOLLOW BEN: IG: https://www.instagram.com/ben.westhoff/?hl=en BOOK: https://a.co/d/03cARvfi DOC: https://www.antagonistfilm.com/ FOLLOW JULIAN DOREY YT: https://www.instagram.com/julianddorey/ X: https://x.com/juliandorey JULIAN YT CHANNELS - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Clips YT: https://www.youtube.com/@juliandoreyclips - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Daily YT: https://www.youtube.com/@JulianDoreyDaily - SUBSCRIBE to Best of JDP: https://www.youtube.com/@bestofJDP ****TIMESTAMPS**** 00:00 - Fentanyl Inc., Rave Deaths, China Labs 08:50 - Undercover in China, Suspicious Lab Visit, CCP Rebates 22:51 - Capitol Hill Testimony, Fentanyl Analogs, India Precursors 29:55 - Naltrexone, Vivitrol, Addiction Treatment, Methadone Business 39:49 - Psychedelics, Capitalism, Naltrexone Documentary, Dark Web Dealers 49:29 - Fent-Laced Coke, Antagonist, Percy Menzies, Vivitrol Trials 58:18 - AA, Opioids, Alcohol, Compulsive Behaviors, Naltrexone Critics 01:10:32 - Addictive Personalities, Purdue Pharma, Suboxone Pill Mills 01:11:10 - Standard American Diet, Veganism, Factory Farming, New Holocaust 01:23:43 - Factory Farming, Forks Over Knives, Subsidies, Protein Obsession 01:39:29 - McDonald's Subsidies, Vegan Costs, Grocery Prices, Sports Gambling 01:48:14 - Silk Road, Bitcoin, Gold, Dark Web Dealers 01:58:45 - Online Drug Markets, Snowden, FISA, Hip Hop Journalism 02:08:08 - Eazy-E, Cancel Culture, Substack, NuWaubians, MF DOOM 02:21:05 - Afrika Bambaataa, Music Journalism, Kanye, Narratives 02:29:01 - Streaming, West Coast Hip Hop, Jimmy Iovine, Tupac 02:40:53 - Interscope Records Scandals CREDITS: - Host, Editor & Producer: Julian Dorey - COO, Producer & Editor: Alessi Allaman - https://www.youtube.com/@UCyLKzv5fKxGmVQg3cMJJzyQ - In-Studio Producer: Joey Deef - https://www.instagram.com/joeydeef/ Julian Dorey Podcast Episode 434 - Ben Westhoff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Any donation is greatly appreciated! 47e6GvjL4in5Zy5vVHMb9PQtGXQAcFvWSCQn2fuwDYZoZRk3oFjefr51WBNDGG9EjF1YDavg7pwGDFSAVWC5K42CBcLLv5U OR DONATE HERE: https://www.monerotalk.live/donate TODAY'S SHOW: Douglas Tuman speaks with Paul Sztorc of LayerTwo Labs about the current state of Bitcoin, the future of sidechains, privacy technologies, Monero's growing real-world relevance, and his efforts to launch a new Bitcoin fork featuring native sidechain functionality. The discussion explores Bitcoin maximalism, network effects, privacy tradeoffs, Zcash vs. Monero, decentralized naming systems, and whether Bitcoin's culture is preventing meaningful innovation. TIMESTAMPS: (00:00:00) Introduction, Sponsors & Pre-Show Discussion (00:08:41) Paul's Bitcoin Origins, Silk Road & Discovering Crypto (00:17:06) Drivechains Explained & Why Paul Is Forking Bitcoin (00:31:32) One Coin vs. Many Coins, Network Effects & Privacy (00:43:10) Bitcoin Culture, Maximalism & Why BTC May Be Stagnating (00:57:36) Monero vs. Zcash, Privacy Adoption & Real-World Usage (01:06:59) Namecoin, BitNames & Decentralized Identity Systems (01:17:11) Prediction Markets, Stablecoins & Future Sidechains (01:26:31) Launch Plans for eCash/ZSide & Adoption Challenges (01:38:13) Closing Thoughts & Final Remarks GUEST LINKS: https://x.com/Truthcoin Purchase Cafe & tip the farmers w/ XMR! https://gratuitas.org/ SPONSORS: Cakewallet.com, the first open-source Monero wallet for iOS. You can even exchange between XMR, BTC, LTC & more in the app! Monero.com by Cake Wallet - ONLY Monero wallet (https://monero.com/) StealthEX, an instant exchange. Go to (https://stealthex.io) to instantly exchange between Monero and 450 plus assets, w/o having to create an account or register & with no limits. WEBSITE: https://www.monerotopia.com CONTACT: monerotalk@protonmail.com ODYSEE: https://odysee.com/@MoneroTalk:8 TWITTER: https://twitter.com/monerotalk FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/MoneroTalk HOST: https://twitter.com/douglastuman INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/monerotalk TELEGRAM: https://t.me/monerotopia MATRIX: https://matrix.to/#/%23monerotopia%3Amonero.social MASTODON: @Monerotalk@mastodon.social MONERO.TOWN: https://monero.town/u/monerotalkAny donation is greatly appreciated!Any donation is greatly appreciated!

Today on the Christian History Almanac, we remember the famed "Chinese Trio" and their mission on the Silk Road. Show Notes: Germany / Switzerland - Study Tour Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on YouTube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What's New from 1517: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas: https://shop.1517.org/products/9781967920013-by-water-and-the-word?srsltid=AfmBOopBUXbtbkYK0o6UHbWQm8_6UA7hG6B4RXYSeMxos6wbtbxX3Hnk Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith https://shop.1517.org/products/9781964419961-being-family?srsltid=AfmBOooZqqK-X8KqD64jZn1qUUrqiRwO-l3S4Z_WtIcfayMLAlTyHgoN A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco https://shop.1517.org/collections/coming-soon/products/9781964419879-a-reasoned-defense-of-the-faith Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmannhttps://shop.1517.org/products/9781964419381-stretched The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformationhttps://shop.1517.org/products/9781964419121-the-essential-nestingen More from the hosts: Dan van Voorhis SHOW TRANSCRIPTS are available: https://www.1517.org/podcasts/the-christian-history-almanac CONTACT: CHA@1517.org SUBSCRIBE: Apple Podcasts Spotify Stitcher Overcast Google Play FOLLOW US: Facebook Twitter Audio production by Christopher Gillespie (outerrimterritories.com).

Whistling Arrows and Heavenly Horses: The Han-Xiongnu War John Ross speaks with Scott Forbes Crawford about his book The Han-Xiongnu War, 133 BC–89 AD. For more than two centuries, Han China fought a bitter struggle against the Xiongnu, a powerful confederation of horse-riding nomads from the Asian steppe. This was far more than a border war. It helped shape the future of China, transformed Central Asia, and opened the routes that would become known as the Silk Road. In writing this history, Scott followed the example of China's greatest historian, Sima Qian (the subject of BOA episode 82), and took a biographical approach. We learn about remarkable figures such as Modun, the ruthless founder of the Xiongnu Empire; Li Guang, the legendary “Flying General”; the explorer Zhang Qian; and Princess Jieyou, a royal diplomat/spy who spent decades advancing Han interests deep in Central Asia. Notes: The full title of Scott Crawford's book is: The Han-Xiongnu War, 133 BC–89 AD: The Struggle of China and a Steppe Empire Told Through Its Key Figures (Pen & Sword, 2023) To learn more about Scott's work, including his novel Silk Road Centurion, visit his website: https://www.scottforbescrawford.com/   The Books on Asia Podcast is co-produced with Plum Rain Press. Podcast host Amy Chavez is author of The Widow, the Priest, and the Octopus Hunter: Discovering a Lost Way of Life on a Secluded Japanese Island. and Amy's Guide to Best Behavior in Japan.The Books on Asia website posts book reviews, podcast episodes and episode Show Notes. Subscribe to the BOA podcast from your favorite podcast service. Subscribe to the Books on Asia newsletter to receive news of the latest new book releases, reviews and podcast episodes.

The economy was designed to serve life. At some point, it forgot. This article traces how that happened - through colonial extraction, currency manipulation, and centuries of treating the Earth as an inexhaustible resource - and more importantly, what is already being built in its place. It is also worth naming what is being built against it. Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), digital identity systems, and the broader technocratic agenda advancing through institutions like the World Economic Forum represent a competing vision of the future - one where economic participation is surveilled, programmable, and ultimately controlled by the few. That is not a regenerative economy. It is the extractive economy in a new interface. The regenerative economy moves in the opposite direction: toward decentralization, sovereignty, reciprocity, and life. From Time Banks in New York to community currencies in Ecuador to worker cooperatives in Spain, it is not a future vision. It is a present reality, waiting to be joined. And while blockchain and regenerative finance are real and important parts of this picture, the regenerative economy is bigger than any single technology. It is a whole-systems redesign - cultural, spiritual, and practical - of how human beings relate to value, to each other, and to all living beings on Earth.A System Feature | Designed to ExtractA president steps up to the podium in Manila, praising the economic progress their country has fulfilled after, what many of us call “ the plandemic”. Outside the auditorium, a young mother carries her child on her hip, knocking on car windows at a red light, eyes down, asking for alms. The applause inside the hall doesn't reach her. It never does.The president says the currency has strengthened. That prices are coming down. Meanwhile, across the city, a farmer named Rodrigo is standing in the field he has worked for thirty years, calculating whether this harvest will cover the loan he took out before the last typhoon swept his crop away. It didn't. This is not an exception to the economic system. It is a feature of it. A reflection of a culture that does not care about those actually in need.Many nations measure their health through GDP - Gross Domestic Product - which essentially dictates whether or not an economy is “progressing.” It runs under one quiet assumption: that the Earth will keep giving. Indefinitely. Without asking anything in return. That before the calculations around supply, demand, and the balance of everything else, all the raw materials are already ideally supplied.The Earth is answering. Typhoons that once came once a generation now arrive like clockwork. Harvests that fed communities for centuries are failing across the Andes, the Sahel, the Mekong delta. The seasons that indigenous peoples read as living calendars have become erratic, unreliable, grieving. None of this is random. It is a response - accurate and proportional - to an economy built on the assumption that extraction has no cost.If we were truly “abundant” financially, we would not have billions of people at risk of starvation, homelessness, and other manifestations of neglect and poverty. The economy was supposed to serve all life. It has forgotten this. And in forgetting it, it has begun to abandon human life itself.The Story We InheritedMoney was supposed to be a promissory note for the gold reserves one actually held. The paper was a symbol - pointing at something real, something held in a vault somewhere, something that could be touched.Then the notes began circulating. And the longer they circulated, the more people forgot what they were pointing to. Eventually, the circulation gave rise to the idea of turning the notes into currency itself. The symbol became the standard. It became backed not by gold, but by story - a story so strong, so repeated, so programmed into every transaction of daily life, that we began to mistake it for the truth.We placed a middleman between ourselves and our needs. And somewhere along the way, we forgot we had done it. Perhaps, by design. Here is what the story never tells you: the gold itself did not arrive innocently.In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued Unam Sanctam, declaring papal authority supreme over all earthly power - making the Earth itself, philosophically, ownable. A century and a half later, that claim became economic policy. Dum Diversas (1452) authorized the enslavement of non-Christians across the globe. Romanus Pontifex (1455) granted Portugal the right to colonize and extract across Africa and the New World. Inter Caetera (1493) extended the same to Spain and the Americas.These were the founding economic legislation of the extractive world we live in - all cloaked in religious language.What followed was centuries of forced extraction. Economists Flynn and Giráldez have documented that colonial American silver - mined through indigenous forced labor in Potosí and across Peru and Mexico - became the standard monetary foundation of early global trade. The gold in the vault was never simply there. It was coercively taken.And then, on August 15, 1971, even that material trace was erased. President Nixon closed the gold window, ending the Bretton Woods system and severing the dollar's convertibility to gold. According to the Federal Reserve's own record, the international community was not consulted. From that moment, currency was backed by nothing but the authority of the government printing it.Knowing that we wrote ourselves into this story, we are now remembering that we can write ourselves out of it. Not only by writing new stories, but by reconnecting with stories that existed long before our current economic situation - stories that are still alive, still practiced, still remembered by the communities that never abandoned them.What Has Always WorkedBefore the conquest of certain nations to centralize power into their hands, other societies practiced more communal and regenerative ways of exchanging value. To them, considering other people and the Earth itself was not an ethical add-on. It was integral to the flourishing of their economies.Pre-colonial PhilippinesLong before the Spaniards arrived, the Philippine archipelago was a major hub in the maritime Silk Road - one of Asia's most active trade networks. Communities exchanged with Chinese, Japanese, Arab, and Indian traders at coastal ports and river settlements.The archipelagic geography made it impossible to consolidate wealth in any single place. Different tribes like the Maranao exchanged surplus agricultural produce, textiles, metalware, and forest products through robust barter systems built on kinship ties and alliances among polities. Value moved between two people who chose to relate. No middleman. Mutual trust was the economic infrastructure.Andean PeoplesThe Quechua people organized their economy around a relational foundation that lives in the language itself. Ayni - sacred reciprocity. Minka - collective community work. Randi-Randi - generalized reciprocity, the understanding that what circulates returns. All three connect to the broader principle of Sumak Kawsay: good living in right relationship with community, land, and the living world.Sumak Kawsay does not separate prosperity from the wellbeing of ecosystems. It understands them as one thing. This recognition runs so deep that Ecuador enshrined it as the central guiding principle for its national development in its 2008 constitution - the living legal inheritance of an ancient economy that knew how to stay.Haudenosaunee in North AmericaIn their 1981 formal statement to the United Nations, the Haudenosaunee Council of Chiefs articulated what their communities had practiced for centuries: that the earth was created for all to use, forever - not for the present generation to exhaust. Under their law, land is held by the women of each clan, who farm and care for it for the benefit of future generations.The Haudenosaunee saw land as a responsibility to be stewarded in trust. Anthropologist Kurt Jordan from Cornell University documented their economic practices and described them as “a reasonably sustainable, localized economy” even under intense external pressure. They had embodied communal stewardship long before theories about such things were written down.Southern Africa“I am because we are.”This is Ubuntu - the philosophy at the core of both social and economic life across Southern Africa. Communities in South Africa and Mozambique relied on mutual aid networks, intergenerational knowledge systems, and participatory rituals as practical economic infrastructure. These systems enhanced community cohesion and collective resilience precisely in the moments when extractive economies failed them. They understood, bone-deep, that no human being thrives in isolation.Diversity of Regen Economic SystemsMany communities across continents are actively rebuilding economic systems beyond the extractive model. The following are not theoretical. They are actively running. Hence, the more diversity of economic systems each person and community practices, the more abundant, unbreakable and independent we are from degenerative systems from governments and corporations that want to control it all. The Commons FoundationOne body of research forms the intellectual foundation for nearly all of them: the life's work of Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics. Ostrom spent decades documenting over 800 cases of communities successfully governing shared resources - in Switzerland, Kenya, Guatemala, Nepal, and beyond - without either privatization or state control.Her conclusion was simple and radical: communities do not inevitably destroy what they share. Given the right institutional design, they protect it and pass this duty to the next generation. And her eight design principles for successful commons governance - the framework that emerged from all that fieldwork - describe, as she herself acknowledged, the same governance systems that indigenous communities had been practicing for centuries.Her work is not a new idea. It is a confirmation of ancient ones.Regenerative Economics | Beyond ReFi - The Whole-Systems VisionWhen most people first encounter the term “regenerative economy,” they arrive through crypto. Through ReFi - regenerative finance - and the promise of blockchain as a tool for funding ecological restoration, decentralizing power, and making impact transparent. These are real contributions. They matter.But John Fullerton, founder of the Capital Institute and one of the most rigorous thinkers in this field, spent two decades on Wall Street before arriving at a different and more fundamental question: what if the entire framework of modern finance is running in conflict with how life actually works?Fullerton's work focuses on building an economic framework that supports the long-term health of people, communities, and the planet - not by tweaking the existing system, but by replacing its underlying logic. His core argument is that we are running our society in conflict with the patterns and principles that explain how life works.His answer is what he calls regenerative economics: eight principles drawn from living systems science that describe how healthy economies - like healthy ecosystems - actually function. Diversity. Balance. Circular flow. Robust circulation. Surplus financial capital, in his framework, needs to be recycled and regenerated into other forms of capital - natural, social, and cultural. Not hoarded nor extracted. Composted back into the living system that produced it.ReFi, in Fullerton's framing, is one tool within this larger architecture. Blockchain can decentralize power. Tokenized nature credits can make ecological value legible to markets. Community currencies can circulate value locally. But the technology is only as regenerative as the values underneath it. A crypto project built on extraction logic is still extraction, regardless of the chain it runs on.Regenerative economy is not a financial product. It is a civilizational shift - in how we measure wealth, in what we decide to protect, in whose voices count when decisions are made. ReFi is welcome in that shift. It is one current in a much larger river.Time BanksIn Jackson Heights, Queens, a retired nurse named Gloria hasn't touched the formal economy in months for the things that matter most to her. She spends three hours teaching English to a recent immigrant. Those hours become credits. She spends them on home repairs from a neighbor who knows carpentry. He spends his credits on childcare. The loop keeps moving.This is a Time Bank - a community exchange system built on one radical premise: everyone's time is worth the same. One hour of legal advice equals one hour of gardening equals one hour of emotional support. The hierarchy of market wages disappears. What remains is a web of people who need each other.Edgar Cahn, who developed Time Banking in the 1980s after surviving a near-fatal heart attack, called it “co-production” - the idea that the economy needs what the market can never price: care, community, civic participation, the work of raising children and holding elders. Time Banks make that invisible labor visible, and circulate it back into the community that produced it.Today there are over 500 Time Banks operating in more than 30 countries. Some have formalized into neighborhood institutions. Others run through apps. All of them rest on the same foundation the Quechua called Ayni - sacred reciprocity - translated into the language of modern urban life.Mondragon CorporationThe Mondragon Corporation in Spain's Basque region remains the most studied proof that democratic ownership functions at scale. Founded by six worker-owners in 1956, it now comprises 96 cooperatives employing over 70,000 people, with annual revenues exceeding €11 billion. Workers own the company collectively, vote on strategy at general assemblies, and operate under a constitutionally capped pay ratio of 6-to-1 between the highest and lowest earners.Traditional Dream FactoryIn a 25-hectare village in Alentejo, Portugal, Traditional Dream Factory is a living prototype of the self-sustaining regenerative community - blending collective ownership, ecological restoration, intentional community, and decentralized economy in one working place. They have raised over €1.25 million in total capital across 280+ token holders. Their 2026 build phase is completing co-living rooms, artist studios, a farm-to-table restaurant, a mushroom farm, and a biopool wellness space.AtreyuInvestment, as most of us have encountered it, prioritizes short-term financial returns above all else. Atreyu challenges this at the root by approaching investment through living systems principles and deep relational due diligence. They support their investees to ensure that both the enterprises and the ecosystems they steward realize their potential - together. They focus on early-stage businesses and actively encourage steward-ownership models that enshrine self-governance and purpose orientation.Muyu CoinOne of the first social coins in South America, Based in Ecuador - Muyu serves as an alternative exchange system rooted in community trust and an understanding of sacred economy. It protects the sovereignty of communities in their production, distribution, exchange, consumption, and post-consumption - keeping the loop of value inside the community rather than extracting it outward. It uses Cyclos, an enchrypted platform, a base.It first did an attempt to start in 2015, but not many people showed interest. It then came back very strong in 2020, due to the “plandemic”. People felt the need to have alternative ways to transact that was not controlled by limiting governments. Giving communities complete independence. Currently with over 150+ members who are exchanging goods and services in different nodes throughout the country. From food produce, clothing and art -to- car mechanic, dentists and school teachers serving to the community.Grassroots EconomicsFounded in Kenya, Grassroots Economics supports communities in building their own self-sustaining economies - even when national currency is scarce - through a model called Commitment Pooling.Consider Wanjiru, a vegetable seller in Mombasa's Bangla Pesa network. During a slow week when Kenyan shillings are tight, she issues a Community Asset Voucher - a commitment to provide vegetables - and deposits it into a communal pool. Her neighbor, a carpenter named Kamau, redeems it. He offers his own labor in return. The loop closes. Food reaches a family that needed it. A roof gets repaired. No national currency changes hands.This is not a workaround. It is a return to how value was always supposed to move.Since Grassroots Economics was established in 2010, they have supported 26,600 people across 290+ communities, issuing over 2,140 vouchers. Their protocol is inspired by indigenous Rotational Labor Associations similar to Kenya's mwethya and harambee traditions. It is open-source and blockchain-agnostic - meaning any community, anywhere, can deploy it.The Choice in Front of UsThese regenerative endeavors share one answer to the core assumption of the extractive economy: the economy does not need to extract in order to function. Value can circulate and regenerate rather than accumulate. Ecological health, community resilience, and the wellbeing of the next generations are not costs to minimize - they are the actual metrics that demonstrate economic success.The question is no longer whether it is possible. It is happening. The question is whether enough of us choose to participate in building it, and whether we remember our roles as stewards of the Earth that has always sustained us.We get to choose the future we want for ourselves, our children, and the seven generations that come after.Your Role in the Regenerative EconomyReading this is already a kind of remembering. The question that follows is simple: where do you begin?The regenerative economy is not waiting to be invented. It is waiting to be joined. Every one of the models described here started with a small group of people who decided to practice a different relationship with value - before it was proven, before it was popular, before it was funded.Here are real entry points, available now:Start with your immediate circle. Identify three skills or resources you have in excess - time, knowledge, food from a garden, tools sitting unused. Offer them. Ask for what you need in return. This is Ayni. It requires no platform, no signup, no permission.Relocalize your spending. Every dollar (fiat currency) that circulates inside a local economy multiplies its impact without leaving the community. Farmers markets, community-supported agriculture, local cooperatives, regenerative small businesses - these are not lifestyle choices. They are votes for a different system, cast weekly.Find or start a Time Bank in your area. hOurworld.org and TimeBanks.org maintain active directories. If nothing exists near you, starting one requires little more than a spreadsheet and a Telegram/Whatsapp group.Join a community working on this. It can be our Regenerative Leadership Community from www.regenerativeculture.life is one place. There are others - transition towns, ecovillages, commons networks - in most regions of the world. Find your people. The regenerative economy is, at its root, a relationship economy. It does not work alone.Learn the language. Permaculture design, commons governance, cooperative economics, sacred reciprocity - these are not abstract concepts. They are practical skills with deep traditions behind them. The more fluent you become, the more useful you are to the communities building this.The scale of what needs to change can feel paralyzing. It is not meant to. The models described in this article did not begin at scale. Mondragon began with six people. Grassroots Economics began in one neighborhood in Mombasa. The Quechua did not design Ayni for a movement - they designed it for a harvest.Start where you are. With what you have. With whoever is near you. That has always been enough to begin. It's not easy, but it is possible.Written by Gertie Farenas and Yoshi Pantera - 90% by us humans and 10% AI assisted.This Audio is recorded by a true voice - Yoshi PanteraThis article is part of the Regenerative Culture Chronicle - a publication exploring the ideas, practices, and communities building a world that benefits all life.Learn more at RegenerativeCulture.LifeThanks for reading Regenerative Culture Chronicle! This post is public so feel free to share it.Regenerative Culture Chronicle is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Thank you! Get full access to Regenerative Culture Chronicle at regenerativecultureworld.substack.com/subscribe

Dopey Film Festival Tickets: https://buytickets.at/thedopeyfoundation/2216905 Patreon: www.patreon.com/dopeypodcast Long Summary This week's Total Replay features Dopey Episode 30, originally recorded in the Lower East Side apartment when Chris and Dave were still figuring out what the show would become. Dave opens by explaining why Episode 29 won't be replayed. It was Ray Brown's first appearance on Dopey, but Ray has repeatedly requested that his early appearances remain offline. Dave pays tribute to Ray and plugs the upcoming Dopey Recovery Film Festival before reflecting on how strange it is to revisit these early episodes. The episode begins with Chris bringing his then-girlfriend Karen onto the show. Karen and Chris discuss meeting on Tinder, their awkward early dates, Chris almost ghosting her, and the bizarre process of figuring out whether they were actually boyfriend and girlfriend. Dave relentlessly interrogates both of them about their relationship while Karen patiently tolerates the nonsense. Karen reveals she had already listened to Dopey before Chris realized it and shares what it was like hearing some of Chris's wilder stories for the first time. The conversation includes a hilarious story about Karen drunkenly inviting Chris over, only for him to arrive and find her passed out on the toilet. The show then veers into classic early Dopey territory: recovery debates, methadone arguments, active addicts, prison stories, and discussions about whether people on maintenance medications should qualify at meetings. The centerpiece of the episode is Chris's legendary LSD story: After relapsing while working at a sober living house, Chris begins ordering drugs from the Silk Road. He buys heroin, cocaine, and some incredibly strong LSD. While attempting to maintain the appearance of sobriety, he takes acid during a screening of The Wolf of Wall Street with his girlfriend Tina. By the time they return home, Chris is tripping hard and realizes his girlfriend is going to notice. His solution? Convince her he's experiencing HPPD (Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder) brought on by meditation. Chris leads a meditation session, then pretends he's suddenly having an LSD flashback. Initially Tina believes him. Eventually guilt gets the better of him and he confesses. Then he immediately tries to convince her he didn't actually take acid after all, causing her to question her own reality before finally admitting the truth again. The story ends with Tina kicking him out while Chris, deep into the trip, worries less about the relationship and more about whether she'll make him carry home a gigantic cast-iron piggy bank he had previously given her as a gift. The episode closes with a discussion about recovery, why addicts laugh at horrifying things they've done, and how the absurdity of addiction becomes funny only after enough distance and healing. A bonafide dopey classic! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Jake Adelstein is a journalist and writer, known for works including Tokyo Vice (adapted into an HBO Max series), The Last Yakuza, and Tokyo Noir. In his latest book, The Devil Takes Bitcoin, he pulls back the curtain on crypto's criminal underworld, linking Bitcoin's rise to dark web marketplaces like Silk Road, the collapse of Japan's Mt. Gox exchange, and the figures moving money through it all. It's a deeper look at how organized crime, fraud, and digital currency collided behind the scenes.Change Agents is an IRONCLAD OriginalSponsors: Watch Pressure in theaters starting May 29th.Firecracker Farm Use code IRONCLAD to get 15% off your first order at https://firecracker.farm/Norwood Sawmills:Learn more about Norwood Sawmills and how you can start milling your own lumber at https://norwoodsawmills.com/?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=ironclad&utm_campaign=ironcladSubscribe on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/change-agents-with-andy-stumpf/id1677415740Subscribe on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3SKmtN55V2AGbzHDo34DHI?si=5aefbba9abc844ed Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Silk changed global trade long before most people had maps that made any sense. This episode covers how silk is made, why it became one of the most valuable materials in history, and how entire empires got weirdly protective about tiny caterpillars with very productive hobbies. Along the way, you'll hear about the Silk Road, ancient China's monopoly on silk production, medieval trade networks, and the long process of turning cocoons into fabric people still associate with luxury pajamas and expensive scarves. It turns out humans have spent thousands of years obsessing over shiny fabric, which honestly tracks. It's steady and consistent, with no whispering and no sudden changes, just enough to give your mind something to follow as you wind down. Happy sleeping! Read with permission from Silk, Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. — Ad-free episodes: icantsleep.supportingcast.fmHave a topic in mind? Request a topic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Demetrick, Dr. Corey Petty, and Jesse are joined by founder and investor Joe for a conversation that cuts through sixteen years of crypto noise with one provocative thesis: crypto is only about trading.Joe walks the guys through all five hype cycles, from Silk Road to Mt. Gox to the 2017 ICO mania to NFTs to today, and shows how the top of every cycle has been defined by a single dominant trading narrative. Everything else, he argues, is undercurrent. The conversation traces how he arrived at this conclusion after the chaos of ETHDenver 2023 sent him back to first principles, including the poker code buried in the original Bitcoin commit.From there the guys get into where the next hype cycle is forming. Joe demos a tap trading app he is building that strips away every chart, button, and knob until trading feels closer to a mobile game than a Bloomberg terminal. Green for good, red for bad, prediction markets baked in. The crew riffs on PVP tournaments, head to head trading streams on Twitch and Kick, and why apps optimized for volatility win when traditional markets get quiet.Plus: Anatoly's legendary bag working of Hyperliquid on Solana, why a normal person will never love a candlestick chart, and Corey announces he is winding down Archivist and open sourcing the IP.Drop questions in the YouTube comments. Join the Discord. The Pope conversation got pushed to next week.

Giulio Noccesi by Ethan James Green Giulio Noccesi (b. 1996, Florence, Italy) is a painter based in Turin, Italy. He has participated in group exhibitions at Minor Gallery, Copenhagen, DK (2025); Monti8, Rome, IT (2024); Candysnake Gallery, Milan, IT (2024); and D Contemporary Gallery, London, UK (2023). He received a degree in Printmaking from Fine Arts Academy, Florence in 2018. “In Maurilia, the traveler is invited to visit the city and, at the same time, to examine some old postcards that show it as it used to be: the same identical square with a hen in the place of the bus station, a bandstand in place of the overpass, two young ladies with white parasols in the place of the munitions factory. If the traveler does not wish to disappoint the inhabitants, he must praise the postcard city and prefer it to the present one…” – Italo Calvino In Italo Calvino's novel Invisible Cities, Marco Polo recounts his explorations along the Silk Road to the emperor Kublai Khan, each chapter detailing its own city. Calvino's non-linear, combinatory prose asks us to think beyond the borders that separate cities, presenting metaphysical themes that are specific to each place described, yet which permeate the text as a whole. We are implored to consider the relationship between history and memory; above all, we must consider how ideas take shape across chapters to form a composite aesthetic experience. The paintings on view in Fermo per sempre make a similar demand of the viewer. Like Calvino's postmodern cartography, Giulio Noccesi's paintings construct a subjective map of his native Italy, an intricate network of isolated yet interrelated scenes. Each painting is simultaneously autonomous and contingent, an intimate, self-contained reflection of his life and a reference to the Italian art historical canon that animates his compositions. Giulio Noccesi, La tua ex con un altro (Your ex with someone else), 2024. Oil on canvas, 19.75 x 19.75 in (50 x 50 cm). © Giulio Noccesi; Courtesy of New York Life Gallery, NY. Giulio Noccesi, Paesaggio di campagna (Countryside landscape), 2025. Oil on canvas, 15.75 x 11.75 in (40 x 30 cm). © Giulio Noccesi; Courtesy of New York Life Gallery, NY. Giulio Noccesi, Renault Scenic, 2024. Oil on canvas, 23.5 x 23.5 in (60 x 60 cm). © Giulio Noccesi; Courtesy of New York Life Gallery, NY.

The Good Pop Culture Club is taking a quick mid-APAHM break so this week, we're dropping in the latest episode from fellow Potluck Pod Books & Boba (Marvin's other podcast) for those of you interested in the latest Asian Ameican book & publishing news. Good Pop episodes will resume in June!--For our mid-month book news check in for May 2026, we catch up on the latest Asian American publishing announcements as well as check in on some of the latest news and tea from the greater book industry.Upcoming books mentioned in our publishing news:The First White Hair by Yasmin ZaherThe Dragon Thief by Ellen OhIt Begins with the End by Samira AhmedSummers in Syria by Shifa Saltagi Safadi; illust. by Hatem AlyOur Built World: An Architectural Journey Along the Silk Road by Fiyel Levent; illust. by Daby Zainab FaidhiSheen by Cindy PonOur Chinatown Market by Jasmine Fang; illust. by Thai My PhuongBook news mentioned on this episode:TokyoPop launches Children's imprintBooks & Boba is a podcast dedicated to reading and featuring books by Asian and Asian American authorsSupport the Books & Boba Podcast by:Joining our Patreon to receive exclusive perksPurchasing books at our bookshopRocking our Books & Boba merchFollow our hosts:Reera Yoo (@reeraboo)Marvin Yueh (@marvinyueh)Follow us:InstagramTwitterGoodreadsFacebookThe Books & Boba May 2026 pick is No-No Boy by John OkadaThis podcast is part of Potluck: An Asian American Podcast CollectiveMentioned in this episode:Don't miss an all AAPI production of HENRY VI: A Trilogy in Two Parts at The Public in NYCNAATCO returns to The Public with their production of Shakespeare's trilogy, HENRY VI: A TRILOGY IN TWO PARTS, adapted and directed by Stephen Brown-Fried. Condensed into two parts and performed in rep, experience this saga of a nation spinning wildly out of control. Part 1: Foreign Wars kicks off with the funeral of King Henry V, leaving his infant son on the throne and sending the country into decades of spiraling chaos both abroad and at home. Part 2: Civil Strife picks up nearly 30 years later, as nascent domestic feuds rapidly metastasize into the full-blown civil war known as the War of the Roses.Henry VI

Originally aired 4/28/2022Completely Arbortrary is produced and hosted by Casey Clapp and Alex CrowsonSupport the pod and join the Cone ClubFollow along on InstagramFind Arbortrary merch on our storeFind additional reading on our websiteCover art by Jillian BartholdMusic by Aves and The Mini-VandalsSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dopey Film Festival: https://buytickets.at/thedopeyfoundation/2216905 Listen without ads www.patreon.com/dopeypodcast This week on the Wednesday Dose of Dopey, Dave opens the show with Brer Brian's Dopey Wednesday anthem and immediately starts hustling tickets for the upcoming Dopey Short Film Festival in New York City. Dave explains that only nine tickets have sold so far and promises cheap tickets, food, fellowship, desserts, filmmakers, and recovery community vibes. He begs the Dopey Nation to come out and support the event while Winnie the dog barks in the background. Before getting to the main interview, Dave plays an absolutely insane voicemail from longtime Dopey contributor JD DeHart about surviving a cocaine overdose during a three-day binge in a trailer in Mississippi when he was 20 years old. JD describes an old-school coke and crack marathon involving an entire ounce of cocaine, nonstop shooting coke, smoking crack, drinking beer, no sleep, no food, and no water. He vividly recounts doing a gigantic shot of cocaine and suddenly entering a terrifying paralysis where he could hear and see everything but couldn't move a single part of his body. JD compares the experience to the Metallica “One” video and explains how his paranoid dealer friend may have saved his life by slapping him awake, giving him water and food, and slowly bringing him out of the overdose. Naturally, once he recovered, the first thing he did was smoke an enormous crack hit. Dave praises the voicemail and thanks JD for consistently contributing incredible stories to the show. Dave then dives into Patreon and Spotify comments responding to last week's controversial Blake Mycoskie episode. Listeners debate rich-guy recovery, psychedelic therapy, AI therapy, polo, founder culture, and whether wealthy people talking about depression is relatable to the average Dopey listener. Some commenters defend the episode and appreciate hearing about mental health and self-worth, while others say they turned it off the moment Blake started discussing AI therapy or learning polo in Argentina. Dave jokes that people should blame John Bukaty for bringing in “woo-woo guests,” but still says he genuinely liked Blake and appreciated trying something different. The comment section also leads to discussions about recovery, privilege, treatment access, government responsibility for addiction, and Dave's ongoing balancing act between growing Dopey and maintaining authenticity. Dave also reads a moving Spotify comment from a listener celebrating 120 days clean after a devastating relapse that nearly destroyed his marriage and relationship with his child. Other listeners compliment Dave's podcasting skills, compare his intros to Marc Maron, and joke about Tesla AI therapy and rich recovery people. Dave also contemplates launching a higher Patreon tier with an exclusive Zoom while openly joking about his “cynical cash grab” tendencies and his need to support his family. The centerpiece of the episode is Dave's long conversation with Skinny Vinny inside Steve-O's Wild Ride podcast van in Sherman Oaks, California. The interview covers almost every phase of Vinny's chaotic life story. Vinny explains how the Wild Ride podcast went on hiatus after backlash surrounding a sarcastic Steve-O clip from an episode with Harlan Williams that got taken out of context online. Vinny talks openly about Steve-O's sensitivity, internet outrage culture, and the emotional toll of constant public criticism. The conversation then shifts into Vinny's upbringing in Connecticut and his lifelong obsession with Jackass. Vinny tells the story of being a kid with a camera glued to his hand, idolizing Bam Margera and Jeff Tremaine, and eventually convincing Bam to punch him in the face at a skate shop signing when he was a teenager. Dave and Vinny reminisce about old Jackass dreams eventually becoming reality years later through recovery and content creation. Vinny dives deep into his addiction history, including following Phish and Bob Weir tours while constantly inhaling nitrous balloons in parking lots, discovering Silk Road drug markets in Vermont, and eventually falling into severe heroin addiction. He recounts horrifying years living in Vermont, where heroin was outrageously expensive, and where he watched his girlfriend overdose in front of her parents after both of them desperately tried to detox using kratom. Vinny also describes his obsession with needles, famously saying, “If I could rig it, I could dig it,” while discussing shooting heroin and eventually shooting liquid LSD purchased from Silk Road. One of the darkest sections of the interview involves Vinny describing his infamous “porta potty bottom.” After burning every bridge and alienating everyone in his life, Vinny ended up secretly living inside a handicapped-sized porta potty in Connecticut while hustling to survive. He explains his daily routine of waking up at sunrise, hiding blankets in bushes, charging his Obama phone at Dunkin Donuts, stealing energy drinks from grocery stores, selling them to bodegas, buying heroin and crack, and repeating the cycle endlessly. Dave and Vinny talk about the terrifying comfort that comes with fully accepting life as a hopeless junkie. Vinny also recounts his arrest, jail sentence, and the legendary “prison pocket” story. Knowing he had to turn himself in, Vinny literally trained his body to smuggle heroin, Xanax, rolling tobacco, papers, and even needles into jail. He explains how he eventually ran out of drugs behind bars and suffered brutally through withdrawal on the top bunk in jail while promising himself he'd never use again — only to get released and immediately return to hustling and heroin. The interview takes a more hopeful turn as Vinny explains how recovery unexpectedly transformed his life. He talks about meeting Zackass in sober living, becoming indispensable behind the camera, eventually becoming a co-host, and later joining Steve-O's Wild Ride. Vinny describes feeling like recovery gave him the exact life he fantasized about as a kid obsessed with Jackass culture. Dave and Vinny repeatedly discuss the strange intersection of manifestation, luck, spirituality, showing up, and being willing to work hard without getting high. Later in the interview, Vinny opens up emotionally about his failed marriage to a Canadian woman, the devastating heartbreak that followed, and the depression that nearly broke him. He describes locking himself in his apartment for 45 days, barely eating, crying himself to sleep, and seriously considering drinking despite years of sobriety. Instead of relapsing, Vinny redirected all of his pain into fitness, weight loss, and self-improvement. He explains how discovering peptides, returning to the gym, diving back into recovery meetings and service work, and focusing entirely on himself ultimately helped him lose over 200 pounds and completely transform his life. The episode ends with Vinny discussing his plans to open a sober living house called The Comeback with a former client from his early recovery days. Dave and Vinny also joke about Canadians, Dopeywood structure problems, podcasting, body dysmorphia, fear dreams, and the strange reality of surviving addiction long enough to accidentally build a meaningful life. Dave closes the episode asking listeners yet again to buy film festival tickets, join Patreon, leave Spotify comments, send voicemails, and stay involved in the Dopey community before ending, as always, with “Stay strong Dopey Nation and fucking toodles for Chris.” Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For our mid-month book news check in for May 2026, we catch up on the latest Asian American publishing announcements as well as check in on some of the latest news and tea from the greater book industry.Upcoming books mentioned in our publishing news:The First White Hair by Yasmin ZaherThe Dragon Thief by Ellen OhIt Begins with the End by Samira AhmedSummers in Syria by Shifa Saltagi Safadi; illust. by Hatem AlyOur Built World: An Architectural Journey Along the Silk Road by Fiyel Levent; illust. by Daby Zainab FaidhiSheen by Cindy PonBook news mentioned on this episode:TokyoPop launches Children's imprintOur Chinatown Market by Jasmine Fang; illust. by Thai My PhuongBooks & Boba is a podcast dedicated to reading and featuring books by Asian and Asian American authorsSupport the Books & Boba Podcast by:Joining our Patreon to receive exclusive perksPurchasing books at our bookshopRocking our Books & Boba merchFollow our hosts:Reera Yoo (@reeraboo)Marvin Yueh (@marvinyueh)Follow us:InstagramTwitterGoodreadsFacebookThe Books & Boba May 2026 pick is No-No Boy by John OkadaThis podcast is part of Potluck: An Asian American Podcast Collective

Lyn Ulbricht is Ross Ulbricht's mother. Ross was the founder of Silk Road, who received a double life sentence plus 40 years without parole before being granted an unconditional pardon by President Trump after nearly 12 years of incarceration. Rather than stepping back after that hard-won victory, Lyn channeled her experience, platform, and network into founding MACS (Mothers Against Cruel Sentencing), a nonprofit dedicated to exposing the reality of excessive sentencing inside the U.S. justice system. At the Bitcoin Vegas Conference 2026, she joined me to share what it was like when Trump personally called to announce the pardon, how Ross is adjusting to life on the outside, why she sees Bitcoin colleagues still behind bars as prisoner of war  from a war declared over, and why the fight for justice is far from finished.→ Please like, comment, share & follow — to help me beat the suppressing algo's. Thank you!– SPONSORS –→ Access liquidity without selling your Bitcoin with Ledn — learn more at https://ledn.io/Efrat    → Get your TREZOR wallet & accessories, with a 5% discount, using my code at checkout (get my discount code from the episode - yep, you'll have to watch it): https://affil.trezor.io/SHUn→ Have you tried mining bitcoin? Stack sats directly to your wallet while saving on taxes with Abundant Mines: https://AbundantMines.com/Efrat - Claim your free month of hosting via this link– AFFILIATES –→ Check out BTC Prague: http://btcprg.me/EFRAT (code EFRAT = 10% off)→ Join me in these upcoming events & use code EFRAT for discounted tickets: https://www.efrat.blog/p/upcoming-events→ Get 10% off on Augmented NAC to detox Spike protein, with the code YCXKQDK2 via this link: https://store.augmentednac.com/?via=efrat (Note, this is not medical advice, please consult your MD)→ Join me at Europe's largest bitcoin conference - BTC Prague, June 11-13, 2026. Code EFRAT for 10% off: http://btcprg.me/EFRAT→ Be good to your eyes & health, and get the Daylight tablet - a healthier, more human-friendly computer, zero blue light & flicker. Use code EFRAT for $25 off: https://bit.ly/Efrat_daylight → Get a second citizenship and a plan B to relocate to another country with Expat Money, leave your details for a follow up: https://expatmoney.com/efrat→ Watch “New Totalitarian Order” conference with Prof. Mattias Desmet & Efrat - code EFRAT for 10% off: https://efenigson.gumroad.com/l/desmet_efrat– LINKS –Lyn on X: https://x.com/lyn_ulbricht MACS (Mothers Against Cruel Sentencing): https://mothersagainstcruelsentencing.org/ Efrat's X: https://twitter.com/efenigsonEfrat's Channels: https://linktr.ee/efenigsonWatch on all platforms: https://linktr.ee/yourethevoiceSupport Efrat's work: ⁠https://bit.ly/zap_efrat– CHAPTERS – 00:00 - Coming Up…01:12 - Introduction to Lyn Ulbricht03:55 - Bitcoin POWs: The War on Crypto Is Not Over06:37 - The Day Trump Called: Ross's Pardon10:34 - Founding MACS: Mothers Against Cruel Sentencing10:59 - Ad Break: Ledn & Trezor12:34 - Ross After Prison: Freedom & Healing15:12 - Cruel & Unusual: Ross's Sentence & the 8th Amendment17:53 - What's MACS (Mothers Against Cruel Sentencing)22:12 - Beyond Ross: Sentencing Injustice Across America27:43 - The Prison Industrial Complex: Who Profits from Incarceration30:48 - Ad Break: Abundant Mines32:09 - Prisoners Prefer Torture Over Time in Prison35:21 - Crypto Prisoners & Prison Reform36:35 -Hope Comes From Faith, Miracles & Not Giving Up39:30 - Where to Follow Lyn 

Drew's story sounds less like a straight line and more like a lit fuse. Raised mostly in Utah, what started as early oxy use quickly escalated into heroin, methadone, benzos, and a life built around the chaos of selling drugs. But selling soon bled into something darker: robbing local heroin dealers at gunpoint, high-speed car chases, police raids, and eventually fleeing to California while living fully on the run.In California, the hustle only evolved. Pills moved online through Silk Road, bitcoin fortunes disappeared almost as fast as they came, ketamine entered the picture, and rapid detoxes became desperate attempts to outrun addiction without ever truly surrendering to recovery. Through all of it, Drew lived at full speed until a few serious injuries and and dark moments afterward finally forced him to confront what decades of chaos had cost him.Now sober since 2021, Drew has rebuilt his life from the ashes of addiction and violence. Today, he owns a men's mental health and substance use treatment center Sacred Journey, in San Diego and lives deeply rooted in a program of recovery. In this episode, Drew shares one of the wildest stories we've ever had on the podcast, but underneath the insanity is something even more powerful: proof that even the most self-destructive life can be rebuilt into one centered on purpose, service, and freedom.Connect with Sacred Journey Treatment Center on InstagramDM me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Message me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Listen AD FREE & workout with me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Connect with me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Email me chasingheroine@gmail.comSee you next week!

"If you think of River or Gemini or Coinbase or whatever, think of all of those as silos and how people custody Bitcoin. If some sort of compromise were to come into the Bitcoin ecosystem at the private key generation level, that could create an incident that could set Bitcoin back by 10 or more years because it would be almost indistinguishable from a protocol compromise and that we would be talking about Bitcoin being hacked again and not individual custodians being hacked. So I think we need to decentralise how people do Bitcoin custody as much as possible and what better way by leveraging private freedom preserving open source software." ~ Seed In today's chat, I sat down with Seed, the creator of the SeedSigner project, and his backstory is completely wild. He told the story of how he got pulled into Bitcoin through a forensic case tied to a local Silk Road user, why he panic sold in 2017, and how that path eventually led him back to the basics and into building one of the most respected DIY signers in the space. But the real tension in this episode is the part most people skip over: what actually keeps your coins safe when things get messy in the real world. We talk about the grim reality of wrench attacks, what actually happens when law enforcement flips a house upside down with a search warrant, and how a former forensics cop secures his own wealth. If you think a standard hardware wallet hidden in a sock drawer is enough, hearing his threat models might completely rewrite your long-term storage plans. And yes, we got into a few stories that made me think about my own setup a lot differently. Guest Links Seed on X (Link: https://x.com/sesi_the_man) SeedSigner on X (Link: https://x.com/SeedSigner) Today in Bitcoin History on X (Link: https://x.com/daily_btc_lore) SeedSigner's Website (Link: https://seedsigner.com/) Affiliate Links Become sovereign, hold your keys, be censorship resistant with the Bitbox hardware wallet. Get 5% off everything in the store with code GUY (Link: https://bitbox.swiss/) Get 10% off the best Bitcoin board game in the world, HODLUP! Or any of the other great games from The Free Market Kids! Use code GUY10 at checkout for 10% off your cart! (Link: https://www.freemarketkids.com/collections/games-1) (Under construction) Check out the list of products and services I use and recommend on BitcoinAudible.com (Link: https://bitcoinaudible.com/) Host Links ⁠Guy on Nostr ⁠(Link: http://tinyurl.com/2xc96ney) ⁠Guy on X ⁠(Link: https://twitter.com/theguyswann) Guy on Instagram (Link: https://www.instagram.com/theguyswann) Guy on TikTok (Link: https://www.tiktok.com/@theguyswann) Guy on YouTube (Link: https://www.youtube.com/@theguyswann) ⁠Bitcoin Audible on X⁠ (Link: https://twitter.com/BitcoinAudible)

1. China's first modern glacier science museum opens on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 2. China unveils guidelines to regulate, boost innovative development of AI agents 3. China to boost mutual empowerment of AI, energy 4. Macao arts festival opens, hailing Silk Road friendship

Thank you for joining us for this Silk Road Seminar from The Lectern. John Vervaeke is joined by Edward Slingerland for a live, unscripted dialogue exploring wisdom, cognition, spontaneity, ritual, and the relationship between ancient traditions and modern scientific understanding. Edward Slingerland is a professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia and a leading scholar of early Chinese thought, cognitive science, and embodied wisdom traditions. He is the author of Trying Not to Try, which explores the paradox of spontaneity and the Daoist concept of wu-wei through both classical philosophy and contemporary psychology. Silk Road Seminars are live, exploratory dialogues where John engages leading thinkers across philosophy, theology, cognitive science, and contemplative traditions. These conversations unfold in real time through dia-logos, inviting participants into deeper reflection on meaning, wisdom, transformation, and the cultivation of an ecology of practices. To join future live sessions and gain access to exclusive Q&As, sign up at the Gamma Tier or above on The Lectern: https://lectern.teachable.com/p/lectern-lounge University students, including doctoral students, receive free access. Email proof of student identity to: ethan@vervaekefoundation.org Support John's work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/johnvervaeke Follow John Vervaeke: http://johnvervaeke.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@johnvervaeke http://x.com/drjohnvervaeke

What do leaders need to be aware of when they are leading people from different cultures? People from different cultures may use different language, and have different customs, behaviours, values and even risk tolerances than you are used to. They may also have different expectations and tastes, as well as a different world view.What may be acceptable to you, may not be acceptable to them and vice versa. This can create challenges for leaders if they do not know how to adapt their leadership effectively.In this episode of Delivering Adventure, Patrick Barrow joins Chris and Jordy to share some key strategies that leaders can use to build better connections across cultures. Pat has worked as guide across Central and Southeast Asia, Europe, Canada and Australia.Patrick shares his experiences working with indigenous reindeer herders in the arctic, leading guests across the Stans and adapting to a leadership role in his new home in Canada.Guest BioPatrick Barrow has been guiding around the globe for 20 years, toggling between adventure travel and outdoor education. A student of anthropology, originally from Australia, Pat's path into adventure guiding came through travel. Pat has worked across Europe and Australia, parts of the Indian and Nepalese Himalaya, the Stans and the Silk Road of Central Asia and West China, jungles of South East Asia, on the Yamal Peninsular of Arctic Russia with Indigenous Reindeer Herders, and most recently Canada. Pat's career focus has been on facilitating formative expeditions for both youth and adults in culturally remote locations around the world. In particular living a decade between Kyrgyzstan and Russia, and guiding locally in Kyrgyzstan across the Tienshan Mountains. Guiding locally has given a unique perspective in working across cultures and what it takes to manage international teams. In Canada Pat is an ACMG hiking guide and an Outdoor Council of Canada Instructor.In Australia Pat has Cert IV in Outdoor Recreation, Cert IV in Outdoor Leadership, Cert IV Trainer & Assessor and is an Associate Fellow of the Academy of Extreme Environment Medicine. Guest LinksTengrie Expeditions: www.tengriexpeditions.comPatrick Barrow Contact: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrick-barrow-83712b36Patrick Barrow Instagram: LinkResource LinksFeedspot Top 30 Pacific Northwest Adventure Podcasts: LinkFollow or SubscribeDon't forget to follow the show!Share & Social Linkshttps://linktr.ee/deliveringadventure

We continue our study of Elizabethan England, which is often mistakenly treated as an origin point of bourgeois revolutionary culture but which I hope to show is actually an endpoint for the subjectivity of the “Sons of the Silk Road” of Arabic literature, whose literary, religious, cryptographic, and financial antics in the bazaars and marketplaces of West Eurasia, Africa, and the European Ummah, inspired imitators among the crusaders and (re)conquistadors of Spain and Italy and, through them, a strange little island nation called England. This time we savor the acerbic wit of Thomas Nashe, poet of the continental wanderers known as intelligencers and used to great effect by Elizabeth's spymaster Francis Walsingham. In his iconic depiction of the intelligencer in his picaresque novel The Unfortunate Traveller, we recognise extensive overlap with the fellowship of the Sons of the Silk Road as depicted by the 10th-c travelling Arab poet Abū Dulaf al-Khazrajī in his Qaṣīda sāsāniyya. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Nysgjerrigheten førte han til en mørk avkrok på internett kalt Silkroad, og i 2011 kjøpte han sine aller første bitcoin for å kunne handle stoffer som endrer persepsjonen.Lite visste han om at dette skulle endre alt.Vi snakker også om The Kybalion, en bok som forklarer de 7 universelle prinsippene som omgir oss alle og hvordan disse kan ses i kontekst med bitcoin.Ekstremt stor takk til skribent og musiker, Erlend Tre Eidhamar, for en sinnsykt ærlig, fascinerende og spennende samtale! God lytting!Følg Erlend Tre Eidhammer på Spotify!https://open.spotify.com/artist/04degNfGXKLh75PAs32eaQ?si=2zjtdVRJT26-i1TxRm6wOQPå X: @dannyd21mPå Insta: https://www.instagram.com/erlend.tre?igsh=amp4Z2J1a2JkcXk3Takk til deg hvis du deler denne podcasten med venner og familie.Og tusen takk hvis du støtter EN OG TYVE TANKER dersom du liker innholdet i denne podcasten og ønsker å gi meg rom til å skape mer.Andreas@walletofsatoshi.comTidevann@bb.noDenne podcasten er laget i samarbeid med BARE BITCOIN, Norges enkleste APP for å kjøpe, selge, holde og bruke bitcoin. Enten du ønsker å komme i gang selv eller ser etter et bra sted å sende venner og familie.Last ned appen eller gå til bb.no for å komme i gang og bruk vervekode "TANKER".Altså bb.no for å komme i gang med Bare Bitcoin og bruk vervekode "TANKER" for en hyggelig startbonus.Bare Bitcoin, Norges enkleste bitcoin app.

What does it take to cycle 15,000 kilometres from Scotland to China along the ancient Silk Road? And what happens when the countries you just rode through are plunged into war the moment you get home?In 2009, Helen Watson and her husband Ed clipped in at Glasgow and pointed east. Their route took them through Syria, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and into China, riding one of the most remote, politically charged and culturally rich corridors on earth. Months after they got home, the Arab Spring broke. And the world they had just ridden through started burning.We discuss:What it really means to cycle tour through the so-called Axis of EvilHow bike touring gave them access to homes and lives no other travel couldRiding as a woman through deeply traditional societies across the Middle East and Central AsiaThe moment the Arab Spring broke and the helplessness of watching those places burnHow the hospitality they received on the road led them to sponsor the first Syrian refugee family into ScotlandHelen's book Tea and Grit: A Bicycle Journey Along the Silk Road is out now and available for purchase here here: https://www.helenwatsonwriting.com/  If you've ever wanted to cycle Central Asia, ride through Iran, or just hear one of the most extraordinary bike adventure stories to land on Seek Travel Ride, this is the episode for you. Check out the Manzanita Cradle from Old Man Mountain Support the showBuy me a coffee!I'm an affiliate for a few brands I genuinely use and recommend including:

Persian Poetry, Radical Love, and the Soul of Iran“The path to God goes through that most difficult of beings, the human being.” – Omid SafiRecorded live at a SAND Community Gathering (April 2026). Watch the full conversation on the SAND Website. We are watching, once again, what empire does: not only to bodies, but to the long memory of a people; to the libraries and sacred sites; to art, language, and the ruins that hold the oldest threads of human spiritual inquiry. We are thinking of the civilization that gave us Rumi, Hafez, Omar Khayyam, Forough Farrokhzad — mystics and rebels and lovers of paradox who understood something about the human soul that we are still, centuries later, trying to catch up to. This gathering invited us to come together: to read poetry aloud, to hear from Iranian voices, to sit with grief and beauty together rather than alone. We work with political and moral vocabulary shaped by Iranian thinkers such as Ali Shariati, who wrote against domination, spiritual emptiness, and the violence of imposed power. We make space for what doesn't fit into headlines or talking points—the complexity of empire, the difference between a government and its people, the authoritarian forces at work not only abroad but here at home. We also gather with the political inheritance of those who taught generations to resist domination and spiritual emptiness, including Ali Shariati. Guests Omid Safi is a scholar of the Islamic mystical tradition and professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University. He is the author of Memories of Muhammad and Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition, and teaches online courses on Muslim mysticism. He leads contemplative journeys to Turkey, Morocco, and Mecca/Medina through Illuminated Courses. Fatemeh Keshavarz is the Roshan Institute Chair in Persian Language and Literature and Director of the Roshan Institute Center for Persian Studies at the University of Maryland. A poet in Persian and English, she is the author of Reading Mystical Lyric, Recite in the Name of the Red Rose, Jasmine and Stars: Reading More Than Lolita in Tehran, and Lyrics of Life: Sa'di on Love, Cosmopolitanism and Care of the Self. She has spoken at the UN General Assembly and received the Peabody Award for her NPR program on Rumi. Mays Imad, PhD (facilitator) is a neuroscientist, educator, and associate professor at Connecticut College whose work bridges neuroscience, philosophy, and education. An Iraqi immigrant who lived through wars and displacement, she brings both personal and scholarly depth to the themes of trauma, remembrance, and repair through the embodied nervous system. Timestamps 00:00 — Welcome & framing 00:02 — Mays Imad opens: grief, urgency, and love 00:06 — Introducing Omid Safi & Fatemeh Keshavarz 00:07 — Saadi, Rumi, and the Persian tradition 00:12 — The war on Iran: what is being destroyed 00:21 — Don't bypass grief — the Persian mystics knew this 00:27 — Saadi on truth, power, and interconnection 00:32 — Fatemeh: togetherness, invisibilization, and Iranian resilience 00:38 — Poetry as the Silk Road of imagination 00:52 — War's corruption of language — and poetry as antidote 01:04 — Remembrance as ethical act 01:10 — Intergenerational love & closing Resources & Links Omid Safi Illuminated Courses — books, podcast, courses, tours Duke University faculty page Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition — Yale University Press Memories of Muhammad: Why the Prophet Matters — HarperOne Podcast: Sufi Heart — Be Here Now Network The Heart of Rumi's Poetry — online course Upcoming events: Evening workshop in London, May 5th — "Islamic Spirituality in an Age of Conflict" Contemplative journey to Turkey, June 1–12 Rumi Retreat in Marrakech, November 22–28 Fatemeh Keshavarz Website Jasmine and Stars: Reading More Than Lolita in Tehran Lyrics of Life: Sa'di on Love, Cosmopolitanism and Care of the Self Cowboys and Iranians — poem by Fatemeh Keshavarz (video) Birds Without a Name — poem by Fatemeh Keshavarz, read at ARHU event on Hope & Home (video) Mays Imad Personal website Connecticut College faculty page Music featured Watan (وَطَن — "Homeland") performed by Shaghayegh Amiri, playing the Daf — the ancient Persian frame drum central to Sufi musical tradition Ali Ghamsari — solo on the Kamancheh (Persian bowed string instrument), taught by Hamidreza Afarideh, music teacher in Tehran Poets and texts referenced in depth Rumi (Jalal al-Din Rumi, 1207–1273) — Persian Sufi mystic and poet; his Masnavi opens with pain and grief; central throughout Sa'di Shirazi (1210–1291) — Iranian Sufi poet; his Golestan (Garden of Roses) is where Iranians learn to read and write; complete English translation by Thackston available; Fatemeh's Lyrics of Life goes deeper on Sa'di Hafez (14th century) — Persian lyric poet; Fatemeh discusses his use of the word hush as an example of how poetic language restores meaning Farid ud-Din Attar (born 1150) — author of Mantiq ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds / The Parliament of the Fowls) — referenced by Mays in her opening Abu Sa'id (Abu Sa'id Abi'l-Khayr, 967–1049) — Persian Sufi mystic referenced by Omid: "Don't just write down stories — become someone others want to write down what you say" Shams of Tabriz — Rumi's spiritual companion; Fatemeh discusses how Shams urged Rumi to live his knowledge Jamiluddin Aali — Urdu poet whose work was recited in the live chat Historical & contextual references Sharif University of Technology, Tehran — described as "the MIT of the Middle East," bombed during the war Leston Palace, Tehran — UNESCO World Heritage Site, bombed and referenced as a war crime The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) — Fatemeh's personal reference point for civilian life under bombardment George Orwell's Animal Farm and 1984 — referenced by Omid in discussion of the corruption of language Next SAND Community Gathering Voices of the Land: Resistance & Solidarity with Lebanon — April 28th Contact SAND podcast@scienceandnonduality.com Support the mission of SAND and the production of this podcast by becoming a SAND Member

Watch the full episode with Richard Martini here: https://youtu.be/1EBytknYrVsSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/inspiredevolution. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Thank you for joining us for this Silk Road Seminar from The Lectern. In this second conversation, John Vervaeke is joined by poet, critic, and philosopher James Matthew Wilson and philosopher-theologian D.C. Schindler for a live, unscripted dialogue exploring philosophy, theology, poetry, metaphysics, beauty, freedom, and the recovery of wisdom in contemporary life. James Matthew Wilson is a poet, literary critic, and philosopher whose work explores the intersections of classical philosophy, theology, and aesthetics. He is the Cullen Foundation Chair in English Literature and the founding director of the MFA in Creative Writing at the University of St. Thomas. His writing engages questions of form, beauty, and the recovery of classical realism in contemporary thought. D.C. Schindler is a philosopher and theologian known for his work on metaphysics, freedom, and the nature of reality. He is a professor at the John Paul II Institute and the author of numerous works exploring the relationship between truth, being, and the good. His thought draws deeply from Plato, Aristotle, and the Christian philosophical tradition. Silk Road Seminars are live, exploratory dialogues where John engages leading thinkers across philosophy, theology, cognitive science, and contemplative traditions. These conversations unfold in real time through dia-logos, inviting us into deeper participation with the questions that shape human meaning, wisdom, and transformation. To join future live sessions and gain access to exclusive Q&As, sign up at the Gamma Tier or above on The Lectern: https://lectern.teachable.com/p/lectern-lounge University students, including doctoral students, receive free access. Email proof of student identity to: ethan@vervaekefoundation.org Support John's work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/johnvervaeke Follow John Vervaeke: https://johnvervaeke.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@johnvervaeke https://x.com/drjohnvervaeke

A version of this essay was published by firstpost.com at https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/shadow-warrior-the-need-for-pax-indica-malacca-was-blocked-1001-years-ago-hormuz-is-choked-now-14005673.htmlIn 1025 CE, exactly 1,001 years ago, Emperor Rajendra Chola sent an armada (probably the largest fleet in history before the advent of steam) 4,000 kilometers clear across the Indian Ocean. It was on a mission strangely familiar to us in 2026: open up a critical strait that was being choked by a littoral state. The thalassocratic SriVijaya Empire of Sumatra was closing the strait and imposing tolls, as well as winking at a little piracy.The strait in question then was Malacca. The Chola goal: to reopen Indian trade with Southeast Asia and China. Remarkably, the Cholas were not interested in territorial conquest, only in freedom of navigation.It is ironic that today, it is again a question of free trade, that shibboleth that has been waved about for decades (although that was a euphemism for ‘managed trade that benefits the West').The difference between then and now? The salient fact is that Rajendra Chola was able to open Malacca with his wooden ships. With all his aircraft carriers and F-35s and missiles, President Trump is unable to open Hormuz. This must mean something, although reasonable people may differ on what that is. My claim is that it means India has the opportunity, in fact the need, to step into the breach.Maritime trade is severely disturbed today, and it is increasingly a disaster for innocent bystanders bereft of oil and gas. And it is increasingly the Indian Ocean that matters: specifically the sea-lanes from Hormuz to Malacca, which handle a significant portion of both oil/gas trade and goods trade globally.Geo-politics and geo-economics, Mahan's and Spykman's theoriesIt is a reasonable conjecture that the locus of power has shifted over the centuries: in the 19th century, the Atlantic was supreme; in the 20th century, the Pacific; and in the 21st century, the most important ocean is the Indian Ocean. Asia has returned to center stage. In support of this assertion, see how the economic center of gravity of the world has returned to the vicinity of India, after the European colonial interlude.It is therefore appropriate to ask what it would take for India to regain its former keystone role in the Indian Ocean. Of course geography offers it to the country on a platter. From both Alfred Thayer Mahan's theory of naval power, and from Nicholas Spykman's Rimland theory, India could be, or should be, the dominant power in the region: it is almost literally India's ocean.Mahan's ideas, updated for today, suggest that a strong navy should protect a large merchant marine fleet, manage trade, and control choke-points. The preferred hardware may have changed from battleships to aircraft carriers and especially nuclear submarines these days, but the basic idea remains: speak softly but carry a big stick with a force-projection navy.Spykman's Rimland theory seems more appropriate in current circumstances than the Heartland theory popularized by Halford MacKinder. The Eurasian land mass may well be subject to control by a coastal hegemon or an alliance that controls the sea lanes and choke points. Despite pipelines and rail-borne containers, maritime trade still dominates.Spice Route >> Silk RoadA stark reminder of this is the comparison between the fabled ‘Silk Road' and the ancient ‘Spice Route'. Despite all the breathless propaganda about the Silk Road, it is abundantly clear that sea-borne trade was an order of magnitude greater, because a caravan of 500 camels, braving deserts, bandits and so on across central Asia couldn't possibly carry more than 100 tons of goods; whereas an ocean-going stitched teak ship, like a single uru from Beypore, Kerala, could easily carry 400 tons. And the monsoon winds provided predictable, seasonal propulsion.India's prowess was built on the monsoons. By mastering the seasonal winds, Indian mariners turned the ocean into a highway. This made India the supreme trading power. Merchants from Rome and Egypt traded with Chinese and Southeast Asian counterparts on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts, leaving behind troves of coins as evidence.The SwitchThe remarkable thing is that these merchants did not even need to meet each other physically, because India provided the “multi-protocol switch”: translating their diverse needs and offering the conveniences of an entrepot, while also itself producing coveted, high-value products such as black pepper. For example, a Greek buyer could buy something from a Chinese seller, and settle the transaction using Indian credit.And how did India do it? By providing the “switching fabric”, such as the ports, the credit systems, and the security, that allowed these disparate worlds to exchange products and wealth without ever meeting.This is much like what a network gateway such as TIBCO does for packets of different kinds of data (in passing, how appropriate that TIBCO was founded by an Indian-American, Vivek Ranadive!). Hardware switches, eg. from Cisco Systems, have been around for a while, but TIBCO abstracted that functionality in software to connect those with different protocols.India already has many of the ingredients of the switching fabric in the India Stack. Using protocols like UPI, e-KYC, Account Aggregation, Central Bank Digital Currency, and ONDC, especially along with distributed-ledger blockchain-based Smart Contracts, it should be possible to provide end-to-end transparent and reliable multi-party trade support which complements the SWIFT payment system. Complement, not necessarily replace.The same pattern held with India's age-old trade system. The ports were on the Malabar Coast, such as Muziris; on the Coromandel coast, such as Arikkamedu; and on the Konkan Coast, such as Bharuchcha. The credit systems were run by temples which acted as both bankers and venture capitalists for the trading guilds. The security: well, that's what Rajendra Chola demonstrated in 1025 CE.Alas, medieval India lost its maritime focus. So did China. Both became insular, and were overwhelmed by invaders, including Turkics and Europeans. In India's case, the Turkic invaders were land-focused powers, although there were isolated maritime attempts (e.g. the Maratha Navy, Travancore defeating the Dutch in an amphibious battle at Colachel in 1741, etc.)Now, however, there are new ports. The most interesting is the Port of Trivandrum (Vizhinjam). This deep-water container transhipment port is only 10 nautical miles away from the Hormuz-Malacca sea lanes, and now when Dubai is closed, it reportedly has a backlog of a hundred container ships waiting to be berthed. Then there is the upcoming Vadhavan container port in Maharashtra, and the Galathea Bay container port in Great Nicobar, which overlooks the mouth of Malacca.Pax Indica todayThe modern idea of Pax Indica borrows from both perspectives: hard power and a switch. An Internet search brings up the fact that it was my friend Bapa Rao and I who first started talking about it in terms of India being the benevolent hegemon in the Indian Ocean, way back in the 1990s.Later, Shashi Tharoor wrote in his 2011 book Pax Indica that it could be “a peace system based on cooperation, stability, and rule‑based order in Asia and beyond, in which rising India helps shape the rules of the road rather than impose its will through hegemony.” That is, along roughly the same lines as the “multi protocol switch” or entrepot concept.Pax Indica is not an empire; it is an ecosystem. There are three aspects: military power, the full exploration of the multiprotocol switch, and the port-led development policy. Bapa Rao and I will consider these in a future article. Briefly, though, here is what these entail.* Project Power: Use a 3-carrier, 18-24-submarine navy to ensure no single power can close the ocean's gates.* Enable Trade: Use the Digital India Stack to act as the “Multi-Protocol Switch” for a fragmented world, plus super-ports like Vizhinjam (Trivandrum).* Secure the Choke Points: Be ready, like the Cholas, to act decisively when a “Srivijaya-style” blockade threatens the common good.Hard power needs to come through the acquisition of a blue water navy: at least three aircraft carrier groups, one for the Arabian Sea (Hormuz), one for the Bay of Bengal (Malacca), and one in maintenance, refit and upgrades.Even though drones and missiles have rendered them less dominant than in earlier times, carrier groups are still important for air superiority and power projection. But an ever-more critical factor is “area denial” by nuclear attack submarines (SSBN) that can launch second strike nuclear missiles as part of the “triad”, of which India should have at least three to four. In addition, there should be at least a dozen silent AIP-equipped diesel-electrics for securing straits, and at least 6-12 SSN (possibly leased) to enhance blue-water reach.“The IOR must become an Indian lake,” said General Raj Shukla on X. I agree: Not as a territory of conquest, but as a sanctuary of trade, where India sits at the center, as the protocol provider that makes world trade work again, as in millennia past.1500 words, 27 Apr, 2026Here's the notebookLM.google.com AI-generated video about this article: This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit rajeevsrinivasan.substack.com/subscribe

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway with an outsized role in global history and power. From ancient Persian roots and early empire trade routes, to Silk Road maritime commerce, colonial competition, and today's oil-driven economy, this chokepoint has remained one of the most strategically important passages on Earth—moving roughly a fifth of the world's oil and sitting at the center of modern geopolitical tension. We shall go over a brief history, then open up to call ins.******************************************Get your What is Truth Merch Here!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://whatistruthpodmerch.itemorder.com/shop/home/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Find all my links here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/whatistruthpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠To catch a live show, Please Follow me on Odysee and Rumble!Please rate 5 stars if you enjoy the content! For vast majority of my content follow me on Odysee⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://odysee.com/@Weezy:a⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Now on Rumble!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://rumble.com/user/Whatistruthpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow me on Twitter!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/WhatTruthPod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join our Telegram channel Group⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://t.me/witweezy⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@WHATISTRUTHTV⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Listen on your Favorite podcast player!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.minds.com/weezytruth/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daddygate Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/c/TheDaddyGatePodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠If you would like to "Tip" the show Click the Patreon Link. Support will help me improve the show. Much Love to all whom already have!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/What_is_Truth⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠EmailWHATISTRUTHPODCAST@gmail.com

In this episode, the host Catherine Lam sits down with Stephanie Forbes, founder and CEO of The Forbes Group. Stephanie is an internationally recognized expert in supply chain strategy and operational resilience. To explore her groundbreaking new book, Global Wealth, Local Impact. From the gladiators of the Roman Coliseum to the East India Company, from the Silk Road to the Strait of Hormuz, Stephanie reveals how the invisible machinery of global trade has always shaped local lives, and why understanding that history is the ultimate playbook for navigating today's volatile world economy. This episode is part history, part world affairs, part leadership guide. It will change how you see every product and every business decision. Key Insights You'll Learn ·         Supply Chains Are as Old as Civilization: From Caesar's gladiator games to the Silk Road to the East India Company, the mechanics of global trade, logistics corridors, currency exchange, quality control, insurance, letters of credit, have been evolving and compounding for over two thousand years. ·         The East India Company Changed Everything: At its peak, it controlled two-thirds of world trade. It created the modern company, shared ownership, and insurance. It also shows what happens when one company controls too much. ·         The Silk Road Was the World's First Trust Economy: It ran for over 1,300 years. Merchants used early credit systems and reputation to do business. Think of it as the first five-star review system. ·         Trust and Reputation Are Still the Foundation of Commerce: From Silk Road merchants to Facebook Marketplace sellers, the rules haven't changed. People do business with those they trust. Stephanie's book dedicates an entire chapter to this truth — and why trust remains the single most important asset in any business relationship. ·         The Strait of Hormuz Is a Global Pressure Point Right Now: About 20% of the world's energy passes through it. Any disruption hits fuel, shipping, food, and whole economies. Geopolitics and supply chains are connected. ·         Disruption Is the New Normal — Build for Resilience: Big unexpected events happen more often now. Leaders need backup plans. They need multiple suppliers. The question isn't whether something goes wrong, it's how fast you can adapt. ·         Critical Minerals Are the New Geopolitical Battleground: Lithium, cobalt, potash, and other critical minerals are redefining global power dynamics. Who controls these resources controls leverage over the infrastructure of the modern economy, from electric vehicles to defense systems. ·         History's Lessons Are the Best Strategic Playbook: Every challenge facing supply chain leaders today, monopoly risk, geopolitical disruption, infrastructure bottlenecks, trust breakdowns, has a historical precedent. Stephanie's book connects the dots between ancient trade systems and modern business strategy in a way that is both illuminating and immediately actionable.   Global Wealth, Local Impact is a rare book that makes the complex feel personal and the historical feel urgent. Whether you're a supply chain professional, a business leader, or simply someone trying to make sense of why the world feels increasingly unstable, this book will give you the context, the language, and the framework to lead with confidence.  

Planning a trip to Georgia? This episode is your ultimate introduction to Georgian food, culture, and travel experiences you won't find in guidebooks.In this episode, I sit down with a local host from Tbilisi who runs immersive cooking classes for travelers. We explore the rich traditions behind Georgian cuisine, including the famous supra (a traditional feast led by a toastmaster), the role of food in bringing people together, and the surprising diversity of dishes across the country.You'll learn about iconic foods like khachapuri (Georgia's famous cheese bread), lesser-known traditional dishes, and how Georgia's location along the Silk Road has shaped its unique flavors.We also cover:– What to eat in Georgia beyond khachapuri– Traditional Georgian food culture and hospitality– Regional differences in Georgian cuisine– Vegetarian-friendly Georgian dishes– Travel tips for visiting Georgia like a local– Why food is central to Georgian identityWhether you're planning a Georgia itinerary, looking for unique travel destinations, or just love food-focused travel, this episode will inspire your next adventure.Connect with Irma and take her classes: - Website: https://www.georgianflavors.com/- Instagram: @georgian_flavors- Trip Advisor: Georgian Flavors

In this episode of The Cole Memo, we take a closer look at where Illinois cannabis tax revenue is actually going and whether it's living up to the promises made at legalization. From general revenue funds to reinvestment programs, we break down what's known, what's unclear, and why transparency still matters. We also highlight an op-ed from State Representative Sonia Harper, who argues that while the industry is thriving, the equity goals behind legalization remain unfinished. We also examine new data showing Illinois now leads the nation in cannabis arrests among legalization states, raising serious questions about ongoing enforcement and whether legalization has truly reduced harm. Plus, updates on a lawsuit involving alleged patient data exposure, a local dispensary raid, and reflections on cannabis culture from the Silk Road era to today. Watch video version and read full show notes here: https://thecolememo.com/2026/04/21/e275/

Javier Carrasco rode from Austria to the other side of the world on a bike rescued from a dumpster. Over 20,000 kilometres and 200,000 metres of climbing travelled on a bicycle that cost him exactly nothing.Javi is the partner of previous guest Rebecca Gross, and while Rebecca made it back to Austria after a year on the road, Javi wasn't quite ready to stop. I got to catch him in person here in Canberra before he headed north, and we sat in the sunshine at the National Arboretum and talked about all of it.It's been a huge journey that's taken him through the Balkans, Turkey, Iran, into Iraq, through Tajikistan's remote Bartang Valley, across Mongolia, solo onto the Tibetan Plateau at minus 20 degrees, through China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, and all the way to Australia. Be sure to follow Javi's adventures via instagram on - @hackerbikepacker Check out the Manzanita Cradle from Old Man Mountain Support the showBuy me a coffee!I'm an affiliate for a few brands I genuinely use and recommend including:

The 2026 World Triathlon Championship Series commentary duo Will McCloy and Belinda Granger join the podcast to preview a massive first WTCS of 2026 in Samarkand on 25 April.After the postponement of Abu Dhabi, attentions turn to the Silk Road, Uzbekistan, where one of the strongest women's fields we have seen in recent memory lines up, including Olympic and World Champions Lisa Tertsch, Cassandre Beaugrand, Gwen Jorgensen, Georgia Taylor-Brown and Beth Potter, before last year's overall silver and bronze Miguel Hidalgo and Vasco Vilaça try to hold off young guns like John Reed, Henry Graf and Oliver Conway in the men's race!Plus with T100 Singapore pitting World Champions Matt Hauser and Hayden Wilde head-to-head for the first time over the 100km distance, 25 April is shaping up to be a massive day of racing - watch it all over on TriathlonLive.tv.

Feeling ready to drift beyond the day? Join Geoffrey by the fireside as he shares a story from a time gone by in Night Falls… where a quiet evening became a journey along the Silk Road. If you'd like an extra touch of calm, you can also watch this episode on Spotify, complete with soothing visuals

Eight hundred years ago, the World was shaken when the Mongols suddenly left their corner of Asia to conquer the largest land empire in History. Join me as we explore who they were, how they lived, what they believed in and why they could take two continents by storm and build an empire in a few years. I tell you about Genghis Khan and his successors like Ogedei Khan and Kublai Khan, Chinese dynasties, Central Asia, nomadic life, the Silk Road, the Golden Horde, and many more things. This podcast is entirely scripted and recorded by real people, it includes no AI, and mid-roll ad breaks are turned off so that you can relax without interruption. #sleep #documentary #bedtimestory #asmr #sleepstory #mongols #mongolian #genghiskhan Welcome to Lights Out Library Join me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style bedtime stories read in a calming ASMR voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep. Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Enjoy my audiobook on Ancient Egyptian History, Myths & Mysteries: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6mCqX5FoO6uCilrWCS8mB9?si=e1ecb983d2534d69⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños! En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How did Roman silver travel from Egypt to China across monsoon seas, pirate waters, and bustling ports? Tristan Hughes is joined by legendary archaeologist Sir Barry Cunliffe for a dramatic journey through the Indian Ocean, where Roman glass, pepper, and silk linked two ancient superpowers. From Sri Lanka to the Malacca Strait, they reveal a dazzling world of traders, middlemen and maritime adventure.MoreOrigins of the Silk RoadListen on AppleListen on SpotifyThe Great Wall of ChinaListen on AppleListen on SpotifyPresented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic SoundsThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds to hear an exclusive chat between Tristan and Sir Barry Cunliffe, as well as see hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A whole new Bitcoin mining market place just emerged, and it changes everything. In this episode of the Once Bitten podcast, host Daniel Prince interviews Marcel, a software developer and Bitcoin enthusiast, about decentralising Bitcoin mining by renting hash power. Marcel shares his journey into Bitcoin, starting with his initial exposure through Silk Road and a negative experience with Mt. Gox, which ultimately led him to a deeper understanding of Bitcoin's fundamentals. Marcel discusses his early adoption of Bitcoin, his involvement in the Bitcoin community in Barcelona, and his views on the spam and ordinal issues that have plagued the Bitcoin network. Key Topics: Bitcoin mining decentralisation Hash rate rental Mempool policies Datum and Brains Follow Marcel: X - @oomahq NOSTR - npub100mahqlhxg50thmt5dyynu40nl25hat9kkkknzk8pqjfkvgq0xsqtdfyy5 Barcelona Bitcoiners - @bcnbitcoinonly Barcelona Conference - https://www.bcc8333.xyz/ Check out my book ‘Choose Life' - https://bitcoinbook.shop/search?q=prince Pleb Service Announcements: Join 20 thousand Bitcoiners on @cluborange https://signup.cluborange.org/co/princey CONFERENCES: BITCOIN IRELAND - 22ND -25TH MAY 2026 - DUBLIN https://bitcoinireland.eu/ Use code BITTEN for - 10% BTC PRAGUE - 11th - 13th June 2026 http://btcprg.me/BITTEN - Use code BITTEN for - 10% BTC HEL - 25th - 26th September 2026. - Helsinki https://btchel.com/ Use code BITTEN for - 10% Shills and Mench's: BITBOX - SELF CUSTODY YOUR BITCOIN - www.bitbox.swiss/bitten Use Code BITTEN THE MEETUP BREAKDWON - BITCOIN EVENTS UK - https://www.themeetupbreakdown.com/ SWAN BITCOIN - www.swan.com/bitten PLEBEIAN MARKET - BUY AND SELL STUFF FOR SATS; https://plebeian.market/ @PlebeianMarket ZAPRITE - https://zaprite.com/bitten - Invoicing and accounting for Bitcoiners - Save $40 SATSBACK - Shop online and earn back sats! https://satsback.com/register/5AxjyPRZV8PNJGlM ALL FURTHER LINKS HERE - FOR DISCOUNTS AND OFFERS - https://vida.page/princey - https://linktr.ee/princey21m

This episode we close out discussion of this reign with a bit of a grab bag.  There is the minting of new coins, new letters to write Japanese, board games, and more. For more, check out our blogpost:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-146 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 146: Coins, Letters, Games, and More   The large audience hall was filled with nobles, sitting in pairs across from each other.  Throughout the hall, the roof and walls reverberated with the sounds of numerous stone markers being placed on painted wooden tables—or more appropriately, game boards.   It was accompanied by the sound of dice clattering.  At the far end of the hall was the royal presence, where his majesty could likewise join in the entertainment—with someone of sufficient standing, of course. Throughout the day there were bursts of joy and frustration throughout the hall.  In some instances, one could see two players sharing in the joy and love of the game.  In other cases, political rivals stared each other down, neither one willing to give away any strategic advantage.  Any smiles there were merely a mask.  And yet, no matter how hard one tried, there was only so much you could do.  Ultimately, your fate was in the hands of the dice, though you could certainly do your best to nudge it here and there. And so they continued.  As they played, small wagers were made between players.  At the conclusion of their match, each player could find another opponent, and see if their luck held out.  Victory was desired, but at the very least one didn't want to be embarrassed.  As such, losing gracefully was just as important as winning with humility.  Sure, there were  the petty stakes that were gambled here and there, but the real stakes were embedded in the politics of the court.  That was a game  that everyone was playing, except that there was no board, and the rules were often merely suggestions, at best.     This episode we are going to close out the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tenno.  It has been a while getting here—but then again, Ohoama's reign is the best documented so far, almost like the entire Chronicle has built up to this point.  We have spent about a dozen episodes on this reign—not including the four before that discussing the Jinshin no Ran. During that time we've talked about how Ohoama continued the Ritsuryou experiment, while  at the same time shaping it into something that was even more directly under his control.  A lot of this appears to have been done with the mostly willing consent of a good part of the archipelago. That may have been because of a few different things.  For one, all of this was justified through the philosophical underpinnings of the continent.  This is the new knowledge that the court had been devouring for over a century, and so I suspect that none of it seemed particularly surprising or out of place.  Furthermore, it seems that Ohoama's actions may have appealed to some of the more middle-tier elites; those for whom the idea of a government stipend was quite appealing. There was also the external threat of Silla and Tang.  Though in reality, Silla was in conflict with the Tang dynasty, up until the conclusion of the Silla-Tang War, around 676.  In truth, the Tang court wouldn't recognize Sillan sovereignty south of the Taedong river until 736, so there were still tensions.  However, early on in the reign there was at least the thought that hostilities could spill over onto the archipelago. And then there are all of the projects.  The designation of national temples, the beginning of a national history project, the founding of a permanent capital city, and the creation of a formal code—the Asuka Kiyomihara Code. Compared to all of that, the topics of this episode really are some miscellaneous stuff that I didn't have anywhere else to put, but wanted to bring to light anyway.  First, we'll talk about the minting of coins, and what that meant.  Once again, this is really neat because we actually have some coins that appear to be from this time frame, providing what might be a direct relationship between what is written down and what we have in the archaeological record.  Then we'll touch on another project of Ohoama's—this one less successful than some of the others we've discussed.  This was an attempt to create a new writing system specific to the Japanese language.  Remember, at this point literate people in the archipelago were using kanji to write everything down, and for the most part they were using kanbun—so Sinitic characters and grammar, with occasional use of characters purely for their phonetic qualities when they absolutely had to spell something out.  Eventually this would evolve into the syllabaries of katakana and hiragana, but there were several false starts before that, and we'll talk about what was being attempted during Ohoama's reign. Beyond those court projects we'll talk about some of the kami and Buddhist related rituals, especially as they related to growing merit and attempting to protect the state and its people from disasters—natural or otherwise.  And then there are various omens, and just a few edicts that were more geared towards the court but are still fun, like when Ohoama forced the entire court to join him for a day of… board games.  I guess when you are the sovereign and trying to set up a game day, scheduling is suddenly not so big of a problem. So that's what we are going to cover.  We are skipping around throughout the reign, and so while I'll mention dates here and there, I'll try not to get too bogged down with the exact dates unless it really matters. First off: coins.  We are going to start somewhere in the middle, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 683.  It is here that we see a note that Ohoama decreed that copper coins would be used, and not silver.  Remember that a silver mine had been discovered in Tsushima back in 674.  At that time we know that there were silver coins being made, but in 683 it looks like they were changing from silver to copper.  But three days later, they reversed the decision to completely cancel the silver coins, so they presumably had both silver and copper coins. Coins are interesting for several reasons.  For one, coins often help us to date various collections—if they are distinctive enough.  They can be quite helpful in telling us that a particular archaeological assemblage is almost certainly from sometime after the coins had begun to be circulated.  After all, if you unearth a stratum of an archeological dig and you find a penny dated to 1912, you can be reasonably confident that that layer was last exposed on or after 1912, unless time travel was at play. There are some exceptions where animals or tree roots or other forces can disturb the layering, but that's why archeologists carefully pay attention to soil features.  That isn't to say that all coins of the time had clear dates on them.  In fact, the oldest coins we have in the archipelago are something called "Mumon Ginsen"—literally unmarked silver coins.  They are found in various assemblages and thought to have originated under Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  The silver from Tsushima would have likely been used for this.  For many reasons it is unclear if these were minted by the state or if they were privately minted and circulated. The copper coin mentioned in Ohoama's record in the Nihon Shoki would appear to be what is known as a Fuhonsen coin, which we also have extant examples of.  These are round copper coins with a square hole in the middle, as was common on the continent.  The previous unmarked silver coins were just small circles of solid silver.  In contrast, the Fuhonsen bear the characters "FU-HON":  FU, or "Tomi", means wealth, and HON, or "moto", means something like base or basis.  "SEN" just refers to the fact that it is a coin.  So the coin represents the basis of wealth. They are just under an inch in diameter, and 1.5 millimeters thick.  While primarily copper, they do have traces of antimony, silver, and bismuth.  The use of copper was likely because of its lower melting point, which would have been easier to cast with. So it seems that these were the new copper coins mentioned in the Chronicles, and the intent was originally to completely replace any silver currency.  I suspect that they quickly realized that they could not easily replace all of the silver, and so the older silver coins were probably still in circulation—though I don't know if any new ones were being minted. We don't exactly know how the coins were used.  They weren't being used to pay taxes or similar things—that was still all being handled in rice, silk, cloth, and labor.  They might have been used by the government to pay individuals, who would then exchange them for goods, but they were probably not used very often between individuals.  There is even some suggestion that they had a more ritual meaning.  Coins of a similar shape—round with a square hole in the center—go back to at least 350 BCE on the continent, and were quite common by the  time of the Han dynasty.  The round hole allowed them to be placed on strings—you'll often see references to strings of cash.  In the Qin dynasty, a string was meant to be a superunit, made up of 1000 coins.  Merchants and others operating at some scale could then just pay in "strings" of cash rather than counting out each and every coin.  It also provided a way of transporting them.  Anyone doing business in east Asia would have encountered coinage from one of the dynasties on the mainland, and we certainly see various coins making their way over to the archipelago, though how exactly they were used and valued isn't certain.  It may have been more important to just have them on hand for trips to the continent so that an embassy or trading vessel could participate in the economy, there. The next coin to be minted in the archipelago itself wasn't until 708, and that was the Wadokaichin, or Wado coins, named for the four characters around the square hole, which included the era name that they were created, "Wado".  This seems to have kicked off an actual national currency that would only last for a couple hundred years before it was debased and lost its value.  For centuries after that, rice was once again the primary currency, and would continue to be so, even though the Tokugawa shogunate would begin to mint and issue coins again through much of their rule.  Still, coins were often outside the grasp of most of the common people. While coins may not have fully caught on, they did better than our next project.  This was a task that was given to Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwashiki who compiled, by royal command, a new set of characters, which were recorded in a book of 44 volumes.  Though this book  is no longer extant, we do have later sources that claim it was once in the royal library.  It describes the characters as similar to Sanskrit characters.  This appears to be an attempt to create an alphabet, or syllabary, for the Japanese language. While Yamato had adopted the Sinitic systems of logographic writing, it wasn't exactly up to the task of directly writing in Japanese.  For one thing, the languages had different sounds that they used, and in different combinations.  Furthermore, grammatically, the two were quite different.  Many Sinitic languages are Subject, Verb, Object, similar to English, while Japanese is Subject, Object, Verb, meaning the verb goes at the end.  But beyond that, Japanese relies extensively on conjugation of verbs, with verbs and adjectives changing to express tense and other such things that Sinitic languages, such as modern Putonghua and languages such as Middle Chinese handle in other ways.  To give an English speaking person a similar experience, imagine writing sentences as "The bird in the tree sat"  or "the man the bread at the store bought".  Now remove many of the articles and prepositions, so you get things like "bird tree sit" and "man bread store buy".  You can imagine how that can really get unwieldy if you want to convey more nuanced concepts. Japanese would either need to add a phonetic writing system—which it did—or it would need to come up with new characters to use in place of the special qualities of the language.  Or they would need to continue to write in Sinitic grammatical order and  continue to do the translation to Japanese on the fly.   One can imagine that this was hardly efficient—in order to learn how to write you would basically have to learn a whole new language. That these new symbols were similar to characters associated with Sanskrit also makes sense, and we even see similar attempts on the continent, though they had other writing systems to compare to as well.  For example, we see the Persian Sogdian, written with a variation of Syriac script, and the Ghandari language written with its own Ghandari or Kharosthi script, but the influence of Buddhism likely explains why scripts associated with Sanskrit likely had a greater influence than other languages.  I should note here that Sanskrit itself does not have a single script—today, people probably think of the Devanagari script, commonly used in India, but that doesn't seem to have been developed until the 8th century.  The work of Iwashiki was likely based on something like the Siddham, or Kutila, script.  This is an abudgida, where consonants and vowels are connected together when written.  This would have worked well for the Japanese language as phonemes are often grouped together as consonant-vowel clusters known as morae.  Siddham evolved in the late 6th century and many Buddhist scripts that were making their way along the Silk Road would have used it.  However, it is said that Siddham proper—or at least as we know it today—was introduced to Japan by the famous monk Kuukai in the early 9th century.  If that is the case, then what script was Iwashiki using as his inspiration? Regardless of the details, this new script doesn't seem to have taken off.  It may have just been too much to ask someone to learn the various kanji AND another system on top of that.  Instead, the Japanese would adopt certain kanji over time, and simplify them into what we know, today, as kana.  Our earliest example is what we know of as Man'yogana, named for the Man'yoshu, an 8th century collection of poems attributed to various contemporary and historical figures.  Because the poetic structure of Japanese required specific counts of syllables or, more specifically, morae, it was important to capture the actual pronunciation of the language.  Certain characters were chosen and used over and over again purely for their phonetic value, rather than any other inherent meaning.  Over time, those characters were simplified and standardized, developing into the katakana and hiragana still used today.  While it was these organically-evolving systems that would eventually be most popular and fill the gap, but it is still incredible to see someone deliberately tackling the problem at this early date. Moving on from money and writing, let's turn now to matters of the kami and the Buddha.   Yamato existed in a world that saw itself as being caught between forces both seen and unseen.  Besides the natural world there was the spiritual world, and to many it was just as real as anything else. We've talked all along about the interplay between the court, the kami and the Buddha, and some of the evidence we see is relatively simple.  For instance, in 675, the Ohokami, the great god, of Tosa presented a divine sword to the sovereign.  I doubt that a kami was showing up in person to the court—this would have been priests from the shrine.   Aston suggests that the kami in question was probably either Hitokotonushi no Mikoto or Misukitakahikone no Mikoto, quoting "authorities" which he does not otherwise name.  We get more serious, though, when it comes to major events.  And the drought and famine of 676 seems to fit that description.  As you may recall from episode 144, the governor of Shimotsukeno reported a bad harvest in the 5th month, and by the 6th month we see more reports coming in of a great drought.  Clothing was collected for the Buddhist temples to help build merit.  Later, there was a comet in the sky, and then, in the 8th month, we see that the court compelled the Kuni no Miyatsuko and the governors to all contribute to an Ohoharae, or Great Purification.  Eventually, the Ohoharae would become a regular ceremony held on the 30th day of the 6th and 12th months of the year, with royal princes down to the high ministers gathering at the southern gate—the Suzaku-mon. Members of the Urabe, the Diviners, would read the various norito, the ritual prayers, to disperse evil influences.  It was, and is,also used when there is a royal visit to the Ise or Kamo shrines, as well as at the Dajosai festival at the start of a new reign.  It can also be done if there is thought to have been some kind of offense that was committed. "Harae", or "purification", is a common part of Shinto ritual today.  From the simple washing of the hands and mouth before entering the shrine grounds to pray to spiritual purification performed by a priest who waves a large stick with paper streamers—the ohonusa or haraegushi—while chanting prayers to ward off evil influences, purification is a key component in Shinto, which often concerns itself with aspects of spiritual pollution.  And so the Oho-harae, the Great Purification, is that, but turned up to eleven. The litany used for the Ohoharae, today, is also known as the Nakatomi no Ohoharae, indicating the importance of the Nakatomi in the ritual.  This Ohoharae, however, was taking place in the 8th month, and may not have had all of the traditions of the later rituals we know today.  Rather, we are told what was required:  The Kuni no Miyatsuko of the provinces were instructed to send one horse and a piece of cloth to specific shrines of purification.  In addition, the governors of the various districts were each told to supply one sword, one deerskin, one mattock, one smaller sword, one sickle, one set of arrows, and one sheaf of rice.  In addition, each household had to supply a bundle of hemp cloth.  These may not have been used in the ritual as much as they were offerings to the kami and their shrine. We'll see this in various cases where the State places rather onerous financial requirements on the population in order to perform rituals.  Of course, by the logic of the time, whatever was donated would make the ritual more effective—it would be more pleasing to the kami.  Still this seems remarkably costly in a year where we are told that the peasants were starving just a few months prior. I'll also take this moment to point out a link here to something that anyone who has been to a shrine may be familiar with, and that is the donation of horses. Horses were common enough a donation—if people of status rode horses, then how much more so the kami themselves?  Sacred or votive horses could be used to carry the kami, and even today some shrines keep sacred horses for the kami.  However, not everyone has horses to donate, and I suspect that the shrine probably didn't need an entire herd of horses.  And so some would pay money for an image of a horse, instead, to be hung in the shrine, likely indicating the donor.  Of course, this wasn't just a picture, but an official record of some kind of donation, which could theoretically go to purchase horses and other such things that the shrine might need.  These pictures of horses were known as "e-ma", literally "picture horse", and we still see them today: The most common type of e-ma will be small wooden placards sold at the shrine, and people will write their desires on the back, with their name and information.  They will often be found hanging in groups on specially designated racks meant for that purpose.  Today, e-ma might have horses on them, but more often have other pictures, associated with the particular shrine and kami.  Speaking of horses, we have a couple more references to them this year.  At some point, Ohoama had issued an edict seeking horses, not just for riding, but other good horses so that the givernment would have them when needed, distributed to the various post-stations.  So when he was returning from a banquet by the Todoroki pool in Hatsuse—modern Hase--Ohoama made a diversion to the post-station of Tomi and had the horses demonstrate their speed.  Presumably this was just a horse race, which seems to be popular around the world, in any place with horses. We see something similar when we are told that Ohoama went to Asatsuma to inspect the horses of the officials there.  At his request, the officials organized a competition of horseback archery.  This appears to reference the famous art of Yabusame—though it may not have been recognized as such just yet, there is some thought that the idea of a horsed archer shooting at three targets while galloping past may have originated in the 6th century, with ties to Usa Jingu.  Still, horseback archery would remain important, and later it would become the primary art of the warrior class from about the 12th to the 13th century or so—and arguably even up until the Sengoku period, with its spear formations and foreign guns. Later, in the 10th lunar month of 681, Ohoama and the court were prepared to go hunting on the Hirose plain.  A temporary palace was prepared and all of the bags were packed, but ultimately, Ohoama didn't go.  Instead, those from the rank of Prince to high ministers stayed at Karunoichi—a market at a cross-roads in the Nara basin that likely was the location of a government stable.  There, they inspected the horses and saddle equipment.  Those from the rank of Shokin up sat under the trees while those of Daisen and below mounted up and passed along from south to north.  Not quite as exciting as horse racing or horsed archery, but who doesn't like a parade. One wonders what happened to call off the hunt.  Perhaps Ohoama, while not bedridden, was not in the best of health.  If he was having some kind of recurring problems then that could explain some of the merit-making as well.  You may recall we discussed how much merit the state seemed to be trying to make in support of the sovereign's health, which we discussed in episode 142. Getting back to the Ohoharae—the great purification.  That was followed up by a general amnesty, which we talked about last episode, as well as a command to let loose living things.  This is a Buddhist practice that one still sees today in various places, usually in the form of letting loose animals like fish and birds that were kept by individuals.  I don't think they were just opening up the paddocks and letting the horses, cattle, and other animals go.  As fascinating as that might be to contemplate, with horses just running wild and cattle trampling the rice fields, I doubt they took it that far.  Still, this practice was clearly an attempt to make more merit for the State.   This edict was repeated only a few months later, in the 11th lunar month, but then it was confined to those provinces that were considered to be "near" to the capital, so a little more focused.  The day after that second release of animals, men were dispatched to all parts to expound the Konkwoumyou and Ninou sutras.  This was the Sutra of Golden Light and the Sutra of the Benevolent King—both sutras focused on concepts of good rulership and protection of the State.  In fact, together with the Lotus Sutra, they would come to be considered the Gokoku Sanbukyou—the Three sutras for Protection of the State.  They were read for the purpose of averting disaster, but they also helped to prop up the image of a righteous and benevolent ruler—what might be termed a golden-wheel turning sovereign, or Chakravarti. So all of this would seem to simultaneously reflect an intention to protect the State while also demonstrating performative regnal righteousness.  It was, after all, what a good ruler was supposed to do, which also conveniently told people what a good ruler was supposed to do. It is unclear whether or not the court actually felt this did anything.  I would note that a month later they were asking Princes and Ministers to gather up weapons, so it is possible that they were concerned about more than just natural disasters— such as a concern that the people were getting restless.  A few days later, we see more largess, as the court made presents to public functionaries and men of the frontier states.  It is unclear to me if this is a reward of some sort or perhaps an attempt to boost their morale and support. Later in that month we see preparations for the upcoming Feast of First Fruits, or Niinamesai, two months later.  We are told that the Jingikan, the Office of Kami Matters, had made the divination that the Yuki, the ceremonially pure rice for the ritual would come from the District of Yamada, in Owari.  For the Sugi, the "next" lower quality of rice, that would come from the district of Kasa, in Tamba.  The feast went off as usual in the 11th month, pre-empting the normal announcement of the first of the month. Later in the record we see that preparations were started for another Ohoharae, or Great Purification, and a general amnesty was issued.  This time, instead of sending horses for the kami, the Miyatsuko of each province were to supply one male and one female servant to the shrines, instead.  Fifteen days later, in the intercalary 7th lunar month—an extra month inserted to keep the lunar and solar calendars in synch—we see the queen, Uno, hosting a feast after ritual fasting.  She then had sutras expounded throughout the capital.  I find it particularly interesting that this was apparently instigated by the queen, but along with the Ohoharae, this all speaks towards the feeling that the State needed to be purified and supplied with good merit. The Ohoharae was not the only way to curry favor with the kami.  For example, in one record we see Ohoama designating sacred rice-tax for the shrines of Heaven and Earth—shrines for the Amatsu kami and Kunitsu kami.  One third of the rice was to go to the kami directly, while two thirds of the rice was to go to the priests who kept the shrines going. This same year, 677, we aren't told where the rice for the Niiname-sai came from, but we are told that those who donated as well as members of the Jingikan, who were involved in the divination and ritual more generally, were all compensated for their troubles with various presents. The Jingikan is one of those aspects of the new, bureaucratic state, that feels extremely tied to the archipelago.  It literally is the Bureau of Kami Matters, or the Bureau of Kami Affairs—the Kami no Tsukasa.  It would even come to be ranked above the Council of State in the official org chart of the government.  While the government had national temples and appointed members of the clergy who were responsible for keeping the Buddhist institutions in line with the State, the Jingikan was that entity for court ritual, and even for interfacing with various shrines around the country.   In the 10th century, all of the official shrines across the archipelago would be catalogued and assessed a rank and position, with Ise Shrine and the royal court at the top of the list. Speaking of the national temples, the fourth month of 680 was when Ohoama designated the national temples—which we also covered in Episode 142.  On the first day of month after that, we are told that he bestowed gifts of silk and cloth to 24 temples around the capital; and if there really were 24 temples just around the capital itself, one can imagine why they had to put a stop to publicly funding all of them.  That must have been quite the upkeep.  That same day, the Golden Light Sutra was expounded in the palace and at select temples as well.  As we've seen, the court relied just as heavily—or more—on Buddhism for certain rituals and providing spiritual power. While both Kami-based rituals and Buddhism were revered for their ability to affect the supernatural, Buddhist priests seem to have had a particularly revered place in—or perhaps more rightly outside—of society.  One is more likely to hear about someone who was a Buddhist priest or a novice being revered than a kannushi, or shrine priest.  For example, in the 7th month of 680, the priest Kouchou, of Asukadera, passed away. The royal princes Ohotsu and Takechi were sent to express royal condolence.  Later that same year we would see something similar, with Royal—later Crown—Prince Kusakabe visiting the eminent priest (Y)emyou on his death bed.  Yemyou died the next day, and three royal princes were sent to offer the condolences on behalf of the royal family. Towards the end of 680, Ohoama fell ill. One hundred individuals were made to take holy orders on his behalf, after which he appears to have recovered—or at least recovered enough for the time.  Earlier in the month his queen, Uno no Sarara, had taken ill, for which Ohoama had pledged to build Yakushiji, a temple of the Medicine Buddha, as we talked about in Episode 142. Although Ohoama temporarily recovered, we have mentioned how there are plenty of suggestions that he may not have been entirely better.  It could just be that time and numerous diseases were taking a toll, or perhaps he had an ailment that came and went.  I get that impression from things like in the 10th month of 685, as autumn changed to winter,  several nobles were sent to Shinano to build a temporary palace in preparation for a royal progress.  It seems that Ohoama wanted to visit the hot springs at Tsukama.  Tsukama may have been located on the outskirts of modern Matsumoto city, in Nagano, which is known for its hot springs, today.  Bentley implies  that the court was not entirely thrilled with Ohoama taking this journey.  I have to wonder whether or not this was all about Ohoama's health—hot springs were often seen as restorative.  At the same time, this sounds like a fairly long journey into the mountains as the weather was growing colder.  That also may have been part of the draw, however, allowing them to travel and see the changing leaves, a very common pastime in successive centuries, and even today. I can't help but imagine that Ohoama was seeking the restorative properties, while his court may have been apprehensive about the journey there and back as the days were getting colder.  Compare this to his actions at the start of the Jinshin no Ran, when he made that incredible dash from Yoshino, through the mountains, over to Owari.  But that was well over a decade ago, at this point, and he seems not quite so spry as he once had been. Another popular record that we find in this reign were various oddities and omens.  We've covered quite a few, but I did want to cover a few more before we pull the curtain closed on this era. First off, early in the reign, we see a record in the 10th month of 675 for a woman in the district of Takakura, in the province of Sagami, giving birth to triplets.  A quick Internet search suggests that natural triplets occur in about 1 in every 8000 or 10,000 births.  However, there is another thing to consider at this time:  giving birth to a single child was already a risky business, and death during or just after childbirth was a constant threat.  So now consider the issues with giving birth to twins or even triplets.  The odds that there is a complication just go up at that point.  So I suspect this was a very rare occurrence.  The fact that it was three sons was probably also seen as particularly auspicious, at least for any who were studying traditional Confucian scholarship. Moving on to the 4th day of the 4th lunar month of that same year, we get an omen for the court.  First is a cock sent to the court by Wanitsumi no Yogoto, from the Lower Sofu district in Yamato province.  This cock is said to have had a comb like a camelia flower, which was apparently quite auspicious.  On the other hand, a report came in from Akunami, also in Yamato province, about a hen that had turned into a cock.  Aston, of course, considers that this would have been an ominous sign—a disruption of the natural order.  To be honest, I don't see any particular judgment placed on it one way or the other.  It is just listed as a wondrous or miraculous occurrence. The year 678 has remarkably few events, in total, with nothing recorded between the 4th and 9th months.  And the 9th month was just a note about the death of one, Prince Wakasa, of the third princely rank.  The month after that we have another one of those strange occurrences.  This time it is a report of something falling from the sky like silk floss, except that it was 5 or 6 feet long and 7 or 8 inches wide.  It supposedly floated on the wind and waved from the fir woods and the reed plains.  People who saw it called it kanro, or "sweet nectar". This is really just a crazy entry.  I've wracked my brains to think of a natural event that could cause something like this, but this seems like something that was more like a rumor that got written down.  "Kanro" is thought to be something that Buddhist texts refer to as "Amrita", an exlixir of immortality.  In continental lore, it is said to be a sweet nectar that forms when yin and yang are in harmony—such as during a benevolent reign.  So whatever the truth of any natural event, to the Chroniclers the entry is clearly a chance to hype up Ohoama's reign. And then, towards the end of the 8th month, we see Katsura no Miyatsuko no Oshikatsu presenting auspicious stalks of grain.  Reportedly they all came from different plots and yet had very similar ears of grain.  Auspicious stalks of rice weren't uncommon, but Aston suggests that this was possibly an allegory for all of the royal princes who were brought together in Yoshino to swear to support each other.  The 8th month may have been when the grain was harvested—because it wasn't until the final month of the year that we see the court reacting.  At that point presents were made to the Royal and non-Royal Princes, the Ministers, and the public functionaries, all according to rank, in consequence of the auspicious stalks of grain.  In addition there was an amnesty for all offences from capital crimes on down. Now on top of all of that, there were a few edicts that touched on various topics that we just haven't gotten to, elsewhere. For instance, in the 8th month of 681, on the 10th day, we see a notification to all of the people in the archipelago who claimed descent from those from the continent—specifically those from the Korean peninsula, or the Samhan.  They were told that the taxes, which had previously been remitted for 10 years, so starting in 671, had come to an end.  However, corvee labor was still remitted for ten years to them and their children and grandchildren who had been with them when they first arrived. There are some questions about this passage, but in general it seems that those refugees who had escaped to the archipelago from Baekje and Goguryeo had previously been given 10 years from the time they arrived during which they did not owe taxes.  This included corvee labor—which also extended to any children that had been with them at the time.  Children that were born after that… well they wouldn't be of age to be used as corvee labor in 10 years so this would only apply to those who were with them at the  time and who would be of age within that 10 year timeframe. This exemption from taxes appears several times in different forms, and appears to be a grace period, during which people were expected to establish themselves, open fields, and begin to thrive.  At the end of 10 years, then they would start paying taxes, with the assumption that they had more than enough time to prepare and work the land. Moving on to one of my favorite entries, on the 18th day of the 9th lunar month in 685, Ohoama declared a game day.  He had the Princes and Ministers gather at the Ohoandono, the Great Audience Hall, and had them play a game called "Pakugi" or "Bakugi".  We aren't quite sure what the rules were—it probably wasn't Settlers of Catan, but you never know.  It was likely a game with dice, possibly a version of backgammon, which is quite old and commonly known as a game for gambling.  That same day, Ohoama gave out gifts of robes and trousers to ten princes and others—perhaps related to the gaming session? The history of games and gaming is particularly fascinating.  For one thing, many of the games that were played in the archipelago had come from the continent, and many had variants that had traversed the entirety of Eurasia.  Backgammon and Chess were both games that had variants that would be known in Japan.  Backgammon was known as sugoroku, and in Japan they played a game similar to chess known as Shogi.  They would also play go—or more appropriately igo—from at least the Nara period, though that game, invented in what is now China, does not seem to have spread quite as much as either backgammon or chess variants.  And while chess was a game that was often highly localized—with different pieces representing different things and often moving in different ways depending on the variant—backgammon seems to have been quite similar everywhere, and could probably be played by two people with wildly different cultural backgrounds with very little interpretation needed. The day after Ohoama had the court join his game day, there were more presents.  This time it was brown bear hides given to the royal and non-royal princes.  In total there were 48 hides given out, which is really pretty incredible.  I have this image in my mind of a very Asuka era wooden mansion, with wood and bronze and silk, and then a large bear hide sprawled out on the floor.  I'm not sure exactly how they were used, but I suspect that they were mostly used as floor coverings for people to sit or lay on, though I could also see them being used as sleeping mats.  It seems they were clearly elite status goods, but hardly what we think about in this period. And that is where we are going to come to a close.  There are only a few more things that we'll get to, but they are all related to what happened with the events surrounding Ohoama's death and the succession that followed, so we'll touch on those when we kick off the next reign. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

[REDIFFUSION] Bienvenue dans les Fabuleux Destins. Cette semaine, en quatre épisodes, nous allons vous raconter l'histoire de Maximilian Schmidt, alias Shiny Flakes, l'adolescent devenu millionnaire avec le plus gros site de vente de drogues en Allemagne. Une affaire qui commence par la naissance assez hasardeuse de cet Amazon pour stupéfiants. Entre pilules colorées, boîtes aux lettres et cryptomonnaies, découvrez son incroyable destin. La naissance du Amazon des stupéfiants Décembre 2013, au nord de Leipzig. Maximilian Schmidt, 18 ans, est en pleine discussion avec un ami en ligne, sur la messagerie Jabber. Il ne le connaît pas dans la vraie vie, mais ils échangent souvent sur leur passion pour les recoins étranges d'Internet. Et ce soir-là, son ami partage sa nouvelle trouvaille : "Eh, Max, tu connais Silk Road ? Ils vendent carrément de la weed sur le darknet". Deux-trois clics plus tard, il découvre la page d'accueil de la fameuse boutique en ligne : un petit logo vert sous forme de dromadaire, et une liste immense de produits illégaux à vendre. C'est fascinant, mais il remarque quelques défauts. C'est à ce moment-là qu'il a une idée folle. Il pianote un second message à toute vitesse : "Pourquoi on créerait pas notre propre site ?" Maximilian n'y connaît rien en drogues, mais un peu en développement web. Et il sait qu'il peut proposer un site plus beau, moins effrayant, et directement accessible sur l'Internet classique. Quelques secondes plus tard, la réponse tombe : "T'es pas sérieux Max ? Fais pas ça, tu vas te faire choper !"  Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture : Théo Sire Voix : Andréa Brusque Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Travel writer and history buff Paul Bloomfield is joined by author Bradley Mayhew to explore Samarkand, the ancient Uzbek city and major hub on the Silk Roads. Together, they trace more than two millennia of history, from its ancient origins in the seventh century BC through conquest by Alexander the Great, destruction by Genghis Khan, prominence under Timur and later incorporation into the Soviet Union. Along the way, they meet major historical figures, try the local cuisine and share top advice for visitors to the city today. History's Greatest Cities is produced by HistoryExtra, the home of ‘History's Greatest' podcasts. Listen to our other podcasts History's Greatest Conspiracy Theories, History's Greatest Scandals, History's Greatest Battles, HistoryExtra Long Reads and the HistoryExtra podcast at ⁠historyextra.com/podcast⁠. For more fascinating stories from the past head to HistoryExtra.com. We'd love to know what you think about the podcast, so leave us a review and let us know the topics you think we should be covering. Or, follow us on Facebook, X, Instagram or YouTube to keep in touch. You can listen ad-free to this episode and more by subscribing to HistoryExtra Plus here: ⁠https://historyextra.supportingcast.fm/⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode I am once again joined by Dr Francisco José Luis, scholar of Indo-Iranian Studies and Comparative Religion trained at the Sorbonne, Paris and SOAS, London. Francisco shares his research into the links between Indian and Tibetan tantric practices and the mystical teachings of Shi'ite Islam, reveals the prevalence of lucid dreaming techniques in antiquity, and emphasises the importance of the Silk Road in transmitting esoteric knowledge between civilisations. Francisco discusses the Islamic yogi, Jâbir ibn Ḥayyān; traces the historical tensions between the scholarly, jurist factions and mystics within Shi'ism; and asserts that Iranian Buddhism was a key part of the Islamic Golden Age. Francisco also argues for significant Islamic influence on Buddhism, the need for a sense of civilisational greatness, and why he believes the time has to come to reignite sacred chivalry. … Video version: https://www.guruviking.com/podcast/ep354-islamic-mysticism-tantric-buddhism-francisco-jose-luis Also available on Youtube, iTunes, & Spotify – search ‘Guru Viking Podcast'. … Topics include: 00:00 - Intro 01:02 - Lucid dreaming techniques in a 19th century Shi'ite text 03:34 - The focal point of the Shi'ite tradition 04:28 - 4 volume Shi'ite encyclopaedia of dreams 06:21 - Links between Tibetan and Shi'ite dream yoga techniques 08:01 - Silk road, Gandhāra, and the internationalisation of Buddhism 09:07 - Jâbir ibn Ḥayyān, the Islamic alchemist and “Buddhist yogi” 11:06 - Iranian Buddhist influence on the Golden Age of Islam 14:26 - The rise of the scholar 16:20 - Islamic influence on Buddhism 17:04 - Practice over dogma in Oḍḍiyāna 19:11 - The influence of Classical Greece 19:51 - Lucid dreaming in antiquity 22:27 - Hesychasm: a Christian breath, body, and mind meditation 25:16 - A prophet is always awake 26:19 - Rosary and the influence of Christianity on Islam 28:01 - Lucid dreaming and the Desert Fathers 31:54 - Sleep deprivation to achieve mystical states 37:51 - Bardo ideas and the Iranian worldview 40:49 - Monastic routine and lucid dreaming 42:57 - Tasks to complete in the dream 43:28 - Angelic possession and contacting the Imam in dreams 50:28 - Is mystical Shi'ism practiced today? 58:22 - Francisco's initiation and anti-mystical, Occidental materialism 59:20 - Political Shi'ism 01:01:41 - Attachment to matter to the detriment of spirit 01:02:07 - The need for the spirit for civilisational greatness 01:04:13 - Francisco's mentoring 01:07:14 - Reigniting sacred chivalry 01:08:07 - Plato, Evola, and Traditionalism 01:10:19 - Use of the letter “a” in Shi'ite mysticism and other tantric similarities 01:11:13 - Entheogen use in Iranian mysticism 01:12:06 - Francisco's mushroom trip 01:13:23 - Francisco's aims 01:15:22 - Reading recommendations: Henry Corbin and Mostafa Vaziri 01:19;18 - Buddhism in Iran … Previous episodes with Dr Francisco José Luis: - https://www.guruviking.com/ To find our more about Dr Francisco José Luis, visit: - https://www.instagram.com/hludvig_tradicionalista For more interviews, videos, and more visit: - https://www.guruviking.com Music ‘Deva Dasi' by Steve James

Can the meaning crisis be addressed by transforming how we perceive reality rather than what we believe about it? In this episode, John Vervaeke and Ethan Hsieh introduce the course Between East and West, which explores Zen Neoplatonism as a dialogical framework integrating Eastern and Western traditions. The course is designed not as a system of belief but as a training in perception, participation, and understanding. Zen offers a path of intimacy, presence, and immanence, while Neoplatonism provides intelligibility, transcendence, and coherence. Together, they form a stereoscopic vision that allows for a renewed encounter with meaning and the sacred. The discussion reframes mysticism, philosophy, religion, and spirituality, while confronting the meaning crisis and the limitations of modern categories. It proposes a shift beyond theism and atheism toward a participatory understanding of reality grounded in insight and practice. Ethan Hsieh is a writer, educator, and dialogue facilitator working across philosophy, cognitive science, and contemplative practice, helping to bridge theory and lived experience. Guest Links Ethan Hsieh: https://sg.linkedin.com/in/ethan-hsieh-828a63240 Join the full course Between East and West https://lectern.johnvervaeke.com/courses/between-east-and-west Explore more courses and teachings from The Lectern https://lectern.johnvervaeke.com/ Support the Lectern and join a growing community of wisdom seekers https://www.patreon.com/johnvervaeke 00:00 Welcome to the Lectern 01:00 What is Zen Neoplatonism 05:00 Silk Road origins and Pyrrho 07:00 Mysticism, philosophy, and religion 11:30 Religion as dynamic ecology 12:21 Christianity as a family resemblance network 16:30 Spirituality and the meaning crisis 21:00 Religious philosophy gray zone 26:30 Synergy not syncretism 30:30 Course overview and proposal 32:00 Zen and Neoplatonism stereoscopic vision 38:30 Aporia, koans, and Socrates 44:30 Accessibility beyond East and West 50:30 Sacredness demands accountability 51:00 Singapore religious caution 51:30 Religion and war myths 52:30 Pluralism without conversion 53:30 Attachment theory and faith 57:00 Self versus others in religion 01:00:00 From substance to community 01:05:00 Do I even need this 01:08:30 Fear of losing meaning 01:12:30 Beyond theism and atheism 01:18:00 Meaning beyond morality 01:21:30 Goodness and self transcendence 01:26:00 Neoplatonic ladder 01:27:00 Logos and agape 01:30:00 Practice, way, and identity Follow John Vervaeke https://johnvervaeke.com/ https://x.com/DrJohnVervaeke https://www.youtube.com/@johnvervaeke/videos https://www.patreon.com/johnvervaeke  

Jebediah “Joby” Weeks, early Bitcoin pioneer, entrepreneur, and co creator of the iconic Bitcoin logo, joins host Constantin Kogan to share one of the wildest stories in crypto history.From becoming a millionaire at 19 and building disruptive businesses across health, currency, and politics…To experimenting with local money systems before Bitcoin went mainstream…To entering the early crypto frontier through Silk Road, Mt. Gox, Ethereum, mining, and BitClub…This is a conversation about freedom, disruption, and the cost of being early.Joby Weeks Reveals:

Slavery in the Islamic world has a diverse and controversial history. Speaking to Emily Briffett, historian and journalist Justin Marozzi explores some of the stories at the heart of his latest book Captives and Companions, tracing networks of enslavement that stretched from sub-Saharan Africa to Central Asia. He reveals how people who were enslaved became soldiers, labourers, concubines and courtiers, and considers what this complex history tells us about power, faith and human experience across the centuries. ----- GO BEYOND THE PODCAST To find out more about the history of slavery, catch up with this episode of the HistoryExtra podcast in which historian Claire Taylor explores the realities of slave trading along the medieval Silk Road: https://bit.ly/40itSfu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

From the deserts of Central Asia to the gates of ancient China, from the bazaars of Persia to the harbours of the Mediterranean, the Silk Roads were never just one route. A living network of paths, mountain passes, and caravan trails, they carried not only silk and spices, but stories, beliefs, technologies, and ideas that would reshape entire civilisations. For more than a thousand years, they connected worlds that might otherwise never have met, and, in doing so, transformed them. The Silk Roads have witnessed empires rise and crumble, faiths spread and evolve, and cultures meet, merge, and create anew.   But what drove people to risk their lives travelling them? How did they impact the disparate worlds they joined together? And why, even today, do the Silk Roads still matter? This is a Short History Of The Silk Roads. A Noiser podcast production. Hosted by John Hopkins. With thanks to Peter Frankopan, Professor of Global History at Oxford University, and author of The Silk Roads. Written by Sean Coleman | Produced by Kate Simants | Production Assistant: Chris McDonald | Exec produced by Katrina Hughes | Sound supervisor: Tom Pink | Sound design by Oliver Sanders | Assembly edit by Anisha Deva | Compositions by Oliver Baines, Dorry Macaulay, Tom Pink | Mix & mastering: Cody Reynolds-Shaw Get every episode of Short History Of… a week early with Noiser+. You'll also get ad-free listening, bonus material and early access to shows across the Noiser podcast network. Click the subscription banner at the top of the feed to get started. Or go to noiser.com/subscriptions ⁠A Short History of Ancient Rome⁠ - the debut book from the Noiser Network is out now! Discover the epic rise and fall of Rome like never before. Pick up your copy now at your local bookstore or visit ⁠⁠noiser.com/books⁠⁠ to learn more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Discussion of things literally or figuratively unearthed in the last quarter of 2025 continues. It begins with potpourri then covers tools, Neanderthals, edibles and potables, art, shipwrecks, medical finds, and repatriations. Research: Abdallah, Hanna. “Famous Easter Island statues were created without centralized management.” PLOS. Via EurekAlert. 11/26/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106805 Abdallah, Hannah. “Early humans butchered elephants using small tools and made big tools from their bones.” PLOS. Via EurekAlert. 10/8/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1100481 Abdallah, Hannah. “Researchers uncover clues to mysterious origin of famous Hjortspring boat.” EurekAlert. 10/12/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1108323 Archaeology Magazine. “Medieval Hoard of Silver and Pearls Discovered in Sweden.” https://archaeology.org/news/2025/10/14/medieval-hoard-of-silver-and-pearls-discovered-in-sweden/ Archaeology Magazine. “Possible Trepanation Tool Unearthed in Poland.” 11/13/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/11/13/possible-trepanation-tool-unearthed-in-poland/ Arkeologerna. “Rare 5,000-year-old dog burial unearthed in Sweden.” 12/15/2025. https://news.cision.com/se/arkeologerna/r/rare-5-000-year-old-dog-burial-unearthed-in-sweden,c4282014 Arnold, Paul. “Ancient ochre crayons from Crimea reveal Neanderthals engaged in symbolic behaviors.” Phys.org. 10/30/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-ancient-ochre-crayons-crimea-reveal.html Arnold, Paul. “Dating a North American rock art tradition that lasted 175 generations.” Phys.org. 11/28/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-11-dating-north-american-art-tradition.html Bassi, Margherita. “A Single Gene Could Have Contributed to Neanderthals’ Extinction, Study Suggests.” Smithsonian. 10/30/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-neanderthal-gene-variant-related-to-red-blood-cells-may-have-contributed-to-their-extinction-180987586/ Benjamin Pohl, Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the Bayeux Tapestry as monastic mealtime reading, Historical Research, 2025;, htaf029, https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaf029 Benzine, Vittoria. “Decoded Hieroglyphics Reveal Female Ruler of Ancient Maya City.” ArtNet. 10/27/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/foundation-stone-maya-coba-woman-ruler-2704521 Berdugo, Sophie. “Easter Island statues may have 'walked' thanks to 'pendulum dynamics' and with as few as 15 people, study finds.” LiveScience. 10/19/2025. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/easter-island-statues-may-have-walked-thanks-to-pendulum-dynamics-and-with-as-few-as-15-people-study-finds Billing, Lotte. “Fingerprint of ancient seafarer found on Scandinavia’s oldest plank boat.” EurekAlert. 10/12/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1109361 Brhel, John. “Rats played major role in Easter Island’s deforestation, study reveals.” EurekAlert. 11/17/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106361 Caldwell, Elizabeth. “9 more individuals unearthed at Oaklawn could be 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” Tulsa Public Radio. 11/6/2025. https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2025-11-06/9-more-individuals-unearthed-at-oaklawn-could-be-1921-tulsa-race-massacre-victims Clark, Gaby. “Bayeux Tapestry could have been originally designed as mealtime reading for medieval monks.” Phys.org. 12/15/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-bayeux-tapestry-mealtime-medieval-monks.html#google_vignette Cohen, Alina. “Ancient Olive Oil Processing Complex Unearthed in Tunisia.” Artnet. 11/21/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-olive-oil-complex-tunisia-2717795 Cohen, Alina. “MFA Boston Restores Ownership of Historic Works by Enslaved Artist.” ArtNet. 10/30/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/mfa-boston-david-drake-jars-restitution-2706594 Fergusson, Rachel. “First DNA evidence of Black Death in Edinburgh discovered on teeth of excavated teenage skeleton.” The Scotsman. 11/5/2025. https://www.scotsman.com/news/first-dna-evidence-black-death-edinburgh-discovered-teeth-excavated-teenage-skeleton-5387741 Folorunso, Caleb et al. “MOWAA Archaeology Project: Enhancing Understanding of Benin City’s Historic Urban Development and Heritage through Pre-Construction Archaeology.” Antiquity (2025): 1–10. Web. Griffith University. “Rare stone tool cache tells story of trade and ingenuity.” 12/2/2025. https://news.griffith.edu.au/2025/12/02/rare-stone-tool-cache-tells-story-of-trade-and-ingenuity/ Han, Yu et al. “The late arrival of domestic cats in China via the Silk Road after 3,500 years of human-leopard cat commensalism.” Cell Genomics, Volume 0, Issue 0, 101099. https://www.cell.com/cell-genomics/fulltext/S2666-979X(25)00355-6 Hashemi, Sara. “A Volcanic Eruption in 1345 May Have Triggered a Chain of Events That Brought the Black Death to Europe.” Smithsonian. 12/8/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-volcanic-eruption-in-1345-may-have-triggered-a-chain-of-events-taht-brought-the-black-death-to-europe-180987803/ Hjortkjær, Simon Thinggaard. “Mysterious signs on Teotihuacan murals may reveal an early form of Uto-Aztecan language.” PhysOrg. 10/6/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-mysterious-teotihuacan-murals-reveal-early.html Institut Pasteur. “Study suggests two unsuspected pathogens struck Napoleon's army during the retreat from Russia in 1812.” Via EurekAlert. 10/24/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102613 Jones, Sam. “Shells found in Spain could be among oldest known musical instruments.” The Guardian. 12/2/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/02/neolithic-conch-like-shell-spain-catalonia-discovery-musical-instruments Kasal, Krystal. “Pahon Cave provides a look into 5,000 years of surprisingly stable Stone Age tool use.” Phys.org. 12/16/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-pahon-cave-years-stable-stone.html Kristiansen, Nina. “Eight pages bound in furry seal skin may be Norway's oldest book.” Science Norway. 11/3/2025. https://www.sciencenorway.no/cultural-history-culture-history/eight-pages-bound-in-furry-seal-skin-may-be-norways-oldest-book/2571496 Kuta, Sarah. “109-Year-Old Messages in a Bottle Written by Soldiers Heading to Fight in World War I Discovered on Australian Beach.” Smithsonian. 11/6/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/109-year-old-messages-in-a-bottle-written-by-soldiers-heading-to-fight-in-world-war-i-discovered-on-australian-beach-180987649/ Kuta, Sarah. “A Storm Battered Western Alaska, Scattering Thousands of Indigenous Artifacts Across the Sand.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-storm-battered-western-alaska-scattering-thousands-of-indigenous-artifacts-across-the-sand-180987606/ Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth More Than 100 Projectiles From an Iconic Battlefield in Scotland.” Smithsonian. 11/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-unearth-more-than-100-projectiles-from-an-iconic-battlefield-in-scotland-180987641/ Kuta, Sarah. “Hundreds of Mysterious Victorian-Era Shoes Are Washing Up on a Beach in Wales. Nobody Knows Where They Came From.” Smithsonian. 1/5/2026. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hundreds-of-mysterious-victorian-era-shoes-are-washing-up-on-a-beach-in-wales-nobody-knows-where-they-came-from-180987943/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Golden ‘Tudor Heart’ Necklace Sheds New Light on Henry VIII’s First Marriage.” Artnet. 10/14/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tudor-heart-pendant-british-museum-fundraiser-2699544 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Long-Overlooked Black Veteran Identified in Rare 19th-Century Portrait.” ArtNet. 10/27/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/black-veteran-thomas-phillips-portrait-identified-2704721 Lipo CP, Hunt TL, Pakarati G, Pingel T, Simmons N, Heard K, et al. (2025) Megalithic statue (moai) production on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile). PLoS One 20(11): e0336251. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336251 Lipo, Carl P. and Terry L. Hunt. “The walking moai hypothesis: Archaeological evidence, experimental validation, and response to critics.” Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 183, November 2025, 106383. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440325002328 Lock, Lisa. “Pre-construction archaeology reveals Benin City's historic urban development and heritage.” 10/29/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-pre-archaeology-reveals-benin-city.html#google_vignette Lock, Lisa. “Pre-construction archaeology reveals Benin City's historic urban development and heritage.” Antiquity. Via PhysOrg. 10/29/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-pre-archaeology-reveals-benin-city.html#google_vignette Lynley A. Wallis et al, An exceptional assemblage of archaeological plant fibres from Windmill Way, southeast Cape York Peninsula, Australian Archaeology (2025). DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2025.2574127 Lyon, Devyn. “Oaklawn Cemetery excavation brings investigators closer to identifying Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” Fox 23. 11/6/2025. https://www.fox23.com/news/oaklawn-cemetery-excavation-brings-investigators-closer-to-identifying-tulsa-race-massacre-victims/article_67c3a6b7-2acc-44cb-93ce-3d3d0c288eca.html Marquard, Bryan. “Bob Shumway, last known survivor of the deadly Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire, dies at 101.” 11/12/2025. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/11/12/metro/bob-shumway-101-dies-was-last-known-cocoanut-grove-fire-survivor/?event=event12 Marta Osypińska et al, A centurion's monkey? Companion animals for the social elite in an Egyptian port on the fringes of the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd c. CE, Journal of Roman Archaeology (2025). DOI: 10.1017/s1047759425100445 Merrington, Andrew. “Extensive dog diversity millennia before modern breeding practices.” University of Exeter. 11/13/2025. https://news.exeter.ac.uk/faculty-of-humanities-arts-and-social-sciences/archaeology-and-history/extensive-dog-diversity-millennia-before-modern-breeding-practices/ Morris, Steven. “Linguists start compiling first ever complete dictionary of ancient Celtic.” The Guardian. 12/8/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/08/linguists-start-compiling-first-ever-complete-dictionary-of-ancient-celtic Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. “Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Resolves Ownership of Works by Enslaved Artist David Drake.” 10/29/2025. https://www.mfa.org/press-release/david-drake-ownership-resolution Narcity. “Niagara has a 107-year-old shipwreck lodged above the Falls and it just moved.” https://www.narcity.com/niagara-falls-shipwreck-iron-scow-moved-closer-to-the-falls Newcomb, Tim. “A 76-Year-Old Man Went On a Hike—and Stumbled Upon a 1,500-Year Old Trap.” Popular Mechanics. 11/21/2025. https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/archaeology/a69441460/reindeer-trap/ Nordin, Gunilla. “Ancient wolves on remote Baltic Sea island reveal link to prehistoric humans.” Stockholm University. Via EurekAlert. 11/24/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106807 Oster, Sandee. “DNA confirms modern Bo people are descendants of ancient Hanging Coffin culture.” Phys.org. 12/6/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-dna-modern-bo-people-descendants.html Oster, Sandee. “Rare disease possibly identified in 12th century child's skeletal remains.” PhysOrg. 10/10/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-rare-disease-possibly-12th-century.html Osuh, Chris and Geneva Abdul. “Lost grave of daughter of Black abolitionist Olaudah Equiano found by A-level student.” The Guardian. 11/1/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/01/lost-grave-daughter-black-abolitionist-olaudah-equiano-found-by-a-level-student Silvia Albizuri et al, The oldest mule in the western Mediterranean. The case of the Early Iron Age in Hort d'en Grimau (Penedès, Barcelona, Spain), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105506 Skok, Phoebe. “Ancient shipwrecks rewrite the story of Iron Age trade.” PhysOrg. 10/14/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-ancient-shipwrecks-rewrite-story-iron.html The History Blog. “600-year-old Joseon ship recovered from seabed.” 11/15/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/74652 The History Blog. “Ancient pleasure barge found off Alexandria coast.” 12/9/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/74860 The History Blog. “Charred Byzantine bread loves stamped with Christian imagery found in Turkey.” 10/13/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/74352 The History Blog. “Early medieval silver treasure found in Stockholm.” 10/12/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/74343 The History Blog. “Roman amphora with sardines found in Switzerland.” 12/15/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/74904 The Straits Times. “Wreck of ancient Malay vessel discovered on Pulau Melaka.” 10/31/2025. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/wreck-of-ancient-malay-vessel-discovered-on-pulau-melaka Thompson, Sarah. “The forgotten daughter: Eliza Monroe Hay’s story revealed in her last letters.” W&M News. 9/30/2025. https://news.wm.edu/2025/09/30/the-forgotten-daughter-eliza-monroes-story-revealed-in-her-last-letters/ Tuhkuri, Jukka. “Why Did Endurance Sink?” Polar Record 61 (2025): e23. Web. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/polar-record/article/why-did-endurance-sink/6CC2C2D56087035A94DEB50930B81980 Universitat de Valencia. “The victims of the Pompeii eruption wore heavy wool cloaks and tunics, suggesting different environmental conditions in summer.” 12/3/2025. https://www.uv.es/uvweb/uv-news/en/news/victims-pompeii-eruption-wore-heavy-wool-cloaks-tunics-suggesting-different-environmental-conditions-summer-1285973304159/Novetat.html?id=1286464337848&plantilla=UV_Noticies/Page/TPGDetaillNews University of Glasgow. “Archaeologists recover hundreds of Jacobite projectiles in unexplored area of Culloden.” 10/30/2025. https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_1222736_en.html University of Vienna. “Neanderthal DNA reveals ancient long-distance migrations.” 10/29/2025. https://www.univie.ac.at/en/news/detail/neanderthal-dna-reveals-ancient-long-distance-migrations Zhou, H., Tao, L., Zhao, Y. et al. Exploration of hanging coffin customs and the bo people in China through comparative genomics. Nat Commun 16, 10230 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65264-3 Zinin, Andrew. “Ancient humans mastered fire-making 400,000 years ago, study shows.” Phys.org. 10/10/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-ancient-humans-mastered-years.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The show's coverage of things literally or figuratively unearthed in the last quarter of 2025 begins with updates, books and letters, animals, and just one exhumation. Research: Abdallah, Hanna. “Famous Easter Island statues were created without centralized management.” PLOS. Via EurekAlert. 11/26/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106805 Abdallah, Hannah. “Early humans butchered elephants using small tools and made big tools from their bones.” PLOS. Via EurekAlert. 10/8/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1100481 Abdallah, Hannah. “Researchers uncover clues to mysterious origin of famous Hjortspring boat.” EurekAlert. 10/12/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1108323 Archaeology Magazine. “Medieval Hoard of Silver and Pearls Discovered in Sweden.” https://archaeology.org/news/2025/10/14/medieval-hoard-of-silver-and-pearls-discovered-in-sweden/ Archaeology Magazine. “Possible Trepanation Tool Unearthed in Poland.” 11/13/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/11/13/possible-trepanation-tool-unearthed-in-poland/ “Rare 5,000-year-old dog burial unearthed in Sweden.” 12/15/2025. https://news.cision.com/se/arkeologerna/r/rare-5-000-year-old-dog-burial-unearthed-in-sweden,c4282014 Arnold, Paul. “Ancient ochre crayons from Crimea reveal Neanderthals engaged in symbolic behaviors.” Phys.org. 10/30/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-ancient-ochre-crayons-crimea-reveal.html Arnold, Paul. “Dating a North American rock art tradition that lasted 175 generations.” Phys.org. 11/28/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-11-dating-north-american-art-tradition.html Bassi, Margherita. “A Single Gene Could Have Contributed to Neanderthals’ Extinction, Study Suggests.” Smithsonian. 10/30/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-neanderthal-gene-variant-related-to-red-blood-cells-may-have-contributed-to-their-extinction-180987586/ Benjamin Pohl, Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the Bayeux Tapestry as monastic mealtime reading, Historical Research, 2025;, htaf029, https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaf029 Benzine, Vittoria. “Decoded Hieroglyphics Reveal Female Ruler of Ancient Maya City.” ArtNet. 10/27/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/foundation-stone-maya-coba-woman-ruler-2704521 Berdugo, Sophie. “Easter Island statues may have 'walked' thanks to 'pendulum dynamics' and with as few as 15 people, study finds.” LiveScience. 10/19/2025. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/easter-island-statues-may-have-walked-thanks-to-pendulum-dynamics-and-with-as-few-as-15-people-study-finds Billing, Lotte. “Fingerprint of ancient seafarer found on Scandinavia’s oldest plank boat.” EurekAlert. 10/12/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1109361 Brhel, John. “Rats played major role in Easter Island’s deforestation, study reveals.” EurekAlert. 11/17/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106361 Caldwell, Elizabeth. “9 more individuals unearthed at Oaklawn could be 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” Tulsa Public Radio. 11/6/2025. https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/local-regional/2025-11-06/9-more-individuals-unearthed-at-oaklawn-could-be-1921-tulsa-race-massacre-victims Clark, Gaby. “Bayeux Tapestry could have been originally designed as mealtime reading for medieval monks.” Phys.org. 12/15/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-bayeux-tapestry-mealtime-medieval-monks.html#google_vignette Cohen, Alina. “Ancient Olive Oil Processing Complex Unearthed in Tunisia.” Artnet. 11/21/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-olive-oil-complex-tunisia-2717795 Cohen, Alina. “MFA Boston Restores Ownership of Historic Works by Enslaved Artist.” ArtNet. 10/30/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/mfa-boston-david-drake-jars-restitution-2706594 Fergusson, Rachel. “First DNA evidence of Black Death in Edinburgh discovered on teeth of excavated teenage skeleton.” The Scotsman. 11/5/2025. https://www.scotsman.com/news/first-dna-evidence-black-death-edinburgh-discovered-teeth-excavated-teenage-skeleton-5387741 Folorunso, Caleb et al. “MOWAA Archaeology Project: Enhancing Understanding of Benin City’s Historic Urban Development and Heritage through Pre-Construction Archaeology.” Antiquity (2025): 1–10. Web. Griffith University. “Rare stone tool cache tells story of trade and ingenuity.” 12/2/2025. https://news.griffith.edu.au/2025/12/02/rare-stone-tool-cache-tells-story-of-trade-and-ingenuity/ Han, Yu et al. “The late arrival of domestic cats in China via the Silk Road after 3,500 years of human-leopard cat commensalism.” Cell Genomics, Volume 0, Issue 0, 101099. https://www.cell.com/cell-genomics/fulltext/S2666-979X(25)00355-6 Hashemi, Sara. “A Volcanic Eruption in 1345 May Have Triggered a Chain of Events That Brought the Black Death to Europe.” Smithsonian. 12/8/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-volcanic-eruption-in-1345-may-have-triggered-a-chain-of-events-taht-brought-the-black-death-to-europe-180987803/ Hjortkjær, Simon Thinggaard. “Mysterious signs on Teotihuacan murals may reveal an early form of Uto-Aztecan language.” PhysOrg. 10/6/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-10-mysterious-teotihuacan-murals-reveal-early.html Institut Pasteur. “Study suggests two unsuspected pathogens struck Napoleon's army during the retreat from Russia in 1812.” Via EurekAlert. 10/24/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102613 Jones, Sam. “Shells found in Spain could be among oldest known musical instruments.” The Guardian. 12/2/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/02/neolithic-conch-like-shell-spain-catalonia-discovery-musical-instruments Kasal, Krystal. “Pahon Cave provides a look into 5,000 years of surprisingly stable Stone Age tool use.” Phys.org. 12/16/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-12-pahon-cave-years-stable-stone.html Kristiansen, Nina. “Eight pages bound in furry seal skin may be Norway's oldest book.” Science Norway. 11/3/2025. https://www.sciencenorway.no/cultural-history-culture-history/eight-pages-bound-in-furry-seal-skin-may-be-norways-oldest-book/2571496 Kuta, Sarah. “109-Year-Old Messages in a Bottle Written by Soldiers Heading to Fight in World War I Discovered on Australian Beach.” Smithsonian. 11/6/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/109-year-old-messages-in-a-bottle-written-by-soldiers-heading-to-fight-in-world-war-i-discovered-on-australian-beach-180987649/ Kuta, Sarah. “A Storm Battered Western Alaska, Scattering Thousands of Indigenous Artifacts Across the Sand.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-storm-battered-western-alaska-scattering-thousands-of-indigenous-artifacts-across-the-sand-180987606/ Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth More Than 100 Projectiles From an Iconic Battlefield in Scotland.” Smithsonian. 11/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-unearth-more-than-100-projectiles-from-an-iconic-battlefield-in-scotland-180987641/ Kuta, Sarah. “Hundreds of Mysterious Victorian-Era Shoes Are Washing Up on a Beach in Wales. Nobody Knows Where They Came From.” Smithsonian. 1/5/2026. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hundreds-of-mysterious-victorian-era-shoes-are-washing-up-on-a-beach-in-wales-nobody-knows-where-they-came-from-180987943/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Golden ‘Tudor Heart’ Necklace Sheds New Light on Henry VIII’s First Marriage.” Artnet. 10/14/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tudor-heart-pendant-british-museum-fundraiser-2699544 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Long-Overlooked Black Veteran Identified in Rare 19th-Century Portrait.” ArtNet. 10/27/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/black-veteran-thomas-phillips-portrait-identified-2704721 Lipo CP, Hunt TL, Pakarati G, Pingel T, Simmons N, Heard K, et al. (2025) Megalithic statue (moai) production on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile). PLoS One 20(11): e0336251. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336251 Lipo, Carl P. and Terry L. 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