Podcasts about crow agency

Join 'The Big Fat Podcast' and our “They Gazed On The Beartooths Series” (TGOTB) #3 as we uncover the stories of some of the architects who built the community at the 2nd Crow Agency. Discover how individuals like William Norton, J.I. Allen, and William White were not just names but the very foundation of this historical site. We'll share insights into their roles, their interactions with the Crow Nation, and how they left a lasting mark on Montana's history. Like, comment your favorite story, and subscribe for more community history! Penny Redli  Executive Director - Museum Of The Beartooths https://www.museumofthebeartooths.com/ Donna West Owner/Broker - Pinnacle Property Of Montana https://www.PinnacleProperty.com 00:00 Introduction to the Untamed Lands of Montana 00:33 Welcome to the Big Fat Podcast 01:09 The Mystery of Colonel Norton 02:31 William Norton's Early Life and Journey 03:08 Photographs and Figures of the Crow Agency 18:24 Colonel Allen's Legacy and Adventures 33:14 The Exploding Cannon Incident 36:01 The Search for the Missing Cannon 52:38 Exploring Hoppe's Place and the Old Cabin 53:25 Historical Names and Subdivisions 57:37 Horace Countryman and His Legacy 58:49 The Confusing Family Tree of Horace Countryman 01:01:25 Founding of Columbus and Its Early Days 01:08:04 William White: A Pioneer's Story 01:12:33 Julia White: A Remarkable Woman 01:22:24 The Legacy of Early Settlers 01:26:27 Town Names and Their Origins 01:33:15 Museum Hours and Closing Remarks

In this episode of The Big Fat Podcast, joined by guests Penny Redli and Donna West, we delve into the intriguing and often overlooked history of the Crow Agency. From school tours to fascinating artifact discoveries and archaeological digs, learn about the critical role the Crow Agency played in the region's history. We explore key figures, historical incidents, and cultural transitions of the Crow people. Sponsored by Pinnacle Property of Montana and in collaboration with the Museum of the Beartooths, this 2nd episode in our ‘They Gazed On The Beartooths' series, is a captivating exploration of the past right underneath our feet. Penny Redli  Executive Director - Museum Of The Beartooths https://www.museumofthebeartooths.com/ Donna West Owner/Broker - Pinnacle Property Of Montana https://www.PinnacleProperty.com 00:00 Introduction to the Big Fat Podcast 00:54 Exploring Crow Agency's Educational Impact 03:15 Artifacts and Archaeological Discoveries 07:33 Corruption and Controversies at Crow Agency 20:27 Chief Plenty Coup and Cultural Transitions 29:25 Historical Figures and Burial Practices 40:14 Preserving Crow Agency's Legacy 50:22 Historical Preservation and Subdivision Challenges 52:39 The New Book on Crow Agency 53:46 Artifacts and Photographs from Crow Agency 56:36 The Only Existing Journal and Agency Records 57:48 The Untold Story of Crow Agency 01:00:09 Adobe Structures and Nomadic Influences 01:01:50 Fort Parker and Historical Markers 01:04:52 Mining Disputes and Nye City 01:16:16 Archaeological Discoveries and Trash Analysis 01:28:55 Crow Tribes Influence in Stillwater County 01:30:28 Modernizing Historical Tours 01:35:18 Conclusion and Acknowledgements

Keith O'Neil:  history teacher at Park City High School, shares his journey and passion for teaching history, recounting his inspirations, college experiences, and the interesting move back to teaching after years in sales. We explore a treasure trove of historical topics, from the American Civil War and the Bozeman Trail to fascinating local Montana history. Dive deep into riveting tales about Fort Smith, the Custer Battlefield, Chinese immigrant Lee Lute, and other colorful characters from the Wild West era. Don't miss out on this history-packed episode filled with stories, personal anecdotes, and the enduring quest for historical truth! Connect with Cole Waltner at @ChasingTheWildOutdoors 00:00 Introduction and Welcoming Keith O'Neil 01:19 Keith's Journey to Becoming a History Teacher 01:59 The Importance of Engaging History Lessons 05:24 Returning to College Later in Life 06:44 Balancing Career and Passion 11:48 The Value of Life Experience in Teaching 17:41 Returning to Hometown and Family 23:02 Exploring Local History and Personal Interests 41:10 Discussing Custer and Crazy Horse 42:18 Elizabeth Custer's Campaign 44:11 Black Elk's Story 46:44 Battlefield Visits and Reenactments 49:32 Engaging Students in History 54:32 Field Trips and Historical Sites 01:12:28 Montana History and Notable Figures 01:21:07 Personal History and Fort Benton 01:23:38 Exploring Forts and Historical Sites 01:26:39 Metal Detecting at Fort Smith 01:39:23 Crow Agency and Local Legends 01:49:08 Bill Hamilton's Epic Life 01:54:32 Colonel Allen's Legacy 01:55:29 The Mysterious Cannon Explosion 01:57:32 Historical Figures of Columbus 01:58:20 Introducing Lee Lute 01:59:23 Lee Lute's Adventures and Research 02:00:14 The Fascinating Story of Lee Lute 02:03:36 Colonel Norton and the Civil War 02:11:21 The Tong Wars and Lee Lute's Fate 02:24:38 Artifacts and Historical Discoveries 02:26:09 Concluding Thoughts and Future Plans

In Episode 26 of The Halloween Podcast, released on October 7, 2024, Lyle Perez explores the ghostly tales and eerie encounters from Montana, also known as Big Sky Country. Known for its breathtaking landscapes, this state is also rich in haunted history. From haunted hotels to ghost towns frozen in time, Montana is a treasure trove of spine-tingling stories. Featured Locations: Grand Union Hotel 1 Grand Union Square, Fort Benton, MT 59442 Built in 1882, this historic hotel was once a luxurious destination for travelers. Now, it is known for its haunted reputation, with ghostly apparitions of a young woman frequently reported in the halls and mirrors, believed to be a tragic figure from the hotel's past. Garnet Ghost Town Garnet, MT 59832 Once a booming mining town in the late 1800s, Garnet has now become one of Montana's most well-preserved ghost towns. Visitors often hear phantom music from the abandoned saloon and spot shadowy figures wandering through the deserted streets. Daly Mansion 251 Eastside Hwy, Hamilton, MT 59840 This opulent mansion, built in 1886 by copper magnate Marcus Daly, is said to be haunted by his wife Margaret and children's laughter, lingering in the hallways. Strange noises and cold spots have become common experiences for those who visit this stately home. Chico Hot Springs Resort 163 Chico Rd, Pray, MT 59065 Established in 1900, this popular resort is known for more than just its relaxing hot springs. Many guests report seeing the ghost of original owner Percie Knowles, particularly around Room 349, and hearing footsteps in empty hallways. Copper King Mansion 219 W Granite St, Butte, MT 59701 Built in 1888 by William A. Clark, this mansion is notorious for sightings of Clark's apparition and that of a young maid who met a tragic fate. Visitors often experience flickering lights, cold spots, and ghostly figures throughout the property. Fairweather Inn 113 W Wallace St, Virginia City, MT 59755 Virginia City's Fairweather Inn has operated since the late 1800s and is one of the town's most active paranormal sites. Guests report hearing strange noises at night, with a woman in white frequently seen on the staircase. Little Bighorn Battlefield Interstate 90 Frontage Rd, Crow Agency, MT 59022 This historic battlefield was the site of Custer's Last Stand in 1876. Visitors often experience feelings of sorrow and dread, as well as sightings of ghostly figures and distant sounds of battle from this tragic conflict. Boulder Hot Springs 31 Hot Springs Rd, Boulder, MT 59632 This historic resort has attracted visitors since the late 1800s and is known for sightings of "Simone," a spirit believed to be a former prostitute. Guests report hearing her laughter and feeling her presence, particularly near the second-floor windows. Bannack Ghost Town Bannack, MT 59725 Founded in 1862 during the gold rush, Bannack is a ghost town where the spirit of Dorothy Dunn, a young girl who drowned in Grasshopper Creek, is often seen. Visitors frequently report hearing a child's laughter or crying near the creek and eerie sightings around the old schoolhouse. Sacajawea Hotel 5 N Main St, Three Forks, MT 59752 Built in 1910, the Sacajawea Hotel hosts several spirits, including a woman in white who roams the grand staircase. Guests often experience strange noises, objects moving on their own, and ghostly footsteps throughout the night. Like Our Facebook page for more Halloween fun: www.Facebook.com/TheHalloweenPodcast ORDER PODCAST MERCH! Website: www.TheHalloweenPodcast.com Email: TheHalloweenPodcast@gmail.com X: @TheHalloweenPod Support the Show: www.patreon.com/TheHalloweenPod Get bonus Halloween content and more! Just for Patreon supporters! Check out my other show! Find it on iTunes - Amazing Advertising http://amazingadvertising.podomatic.com/ Keywords and Tags: Haunted Montana, ghost stories, paranormal Montana, Grand Union Hotel, Garnet Ghost Town, Daly Mansion, haunted hot springs, Chico Hot Springs, Copper King Mansion, Bannack Ghost Town, Little Bighorn Battlefield, Sacajawea Hotel, Haunted America series, ghostly encounters, The Halloween Podcast, spooky locations Montana

On October 18, 2016, Freda Jane KnowsHisGun stood patiently at a Walmart in Kennewick, Washington, awaiting an online money transfer from her friend. This transfer would have allowed her to make the journey back to her hometown of Crow Agency, Montana, where she was a member of the Crow Tribe. Fifteen minutes passed and Freda's friend decided to call her to check if she had collected the transfer. However, to their dismay, her phone had been disconnected. Freda disappeared without a trace and her family needs to know what happened to their loved one. If you have any information about the disappearance of Freda KnowsHisGun please call the Crow Agency Bureau of Indian Affairs 406-638-2631. Click here to join our Patreon.  Click here to get your own Inhuman merch.  Connect with us on Instagram and join our Facebook group.  To submit listener stories or case suggestions, and to see all sources for this episode: https://www.inhumanpodcast.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Money to help at risk youth increasing, testing for “forever chemicals” happening near Crow Agency, and a plan expanding to help gain and retain teachers in Montana.

"There are many layers of tradition that people carry with them and their families and their communities." - Shane Doyle In this episode we talk with Dr. Shane Doyle, a Montana-based scholar, teacher, and community advocate whose work focuses on the history and heritage of Native American tribes of the Northern Great Plains. Growing up on the reservation, he experienced the rich oral traditions, history, and culture of his community. His native roots inspire him  to teach the importance and appreciation for the heritage and traditions of Native American cultures. As he delves into the complexities of identity, he shares his insights on the challenges faced by Native people in maintaining their cultural ties in the modern world. Shane's compelling narrative sheds light on the struggles of Native communities, the impact of colonialism, and the ongoing efforts to preserve and revitalize their cultural heritage. His story resonates with authenticity, offering a unique perspective that captures the essence of the contemporary Native American experience, and the significance of reconnecting with traditional roots in a rapidly changing society. About Shane Doyle: Dr. Shane Doyle is a Montana-based scholar, teacher, and community advocate whose work focuses on the history and heritage of Native American tribes of the Northern Great Plains. Shane is an enrolled member of the Apsáalooke Nation (also known as the Crow Tribe), and he holds a doctorate in Curriculum and Instruction from Montana State University. Shane grew up in Crow Agency and he has built his career around making Native American history a cultural mainstay in everything from Montana's educational system to governmental land management decisions. Whether designing educational curriculums, making films, or singing Northern Plains tribal music, Shane is always focused on serving his community. Key Takeaways: Explore the Native American Experience in Yellowstone. Learn the Complex Challenges of Native American Identity. Discover the Importance of Native Culture in the Contemporary World. Gain Insights into the Yellowstone Revealed Event and Native Knowledge. Recognize the importance of Native culture in the contemporary world and its significance in shaping modern society. Explore the Native American Experience with Dr. Shane Doyle and his insight into cy contemporary Native American life.  Reflect on events like Yellowstone Revealed, he demonstrates the importance of these communities' gaining visibility and expressing their heritage. This exploration calls for a more profound understanding and appreciation of Native American experiences and contributions. Learn about Wyoming Humanities Native American Programing Resources and Links: https://www.linkedin.com/emydigrappa https://www.facebook.com/storiesaboutwhy www.ThinkWY.org Dr. Shane Doyle LinkedIn Newsletter Yellowstone Revealed Yellowstone National Park Montana Crow Agen

Join the triad this week as we venture out to Apsaalooke Healing outpatient recovery program in Crow Agency, MT. Faith, Jack, Mary and Audrey share their Experiences, Strength and Hope.

Crow Reservation in Montana-locations and people interviewed. JAMES LINK FOR FIRST NATION FOODS BUSINESS https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=111807328420357&set=a.111805821753841&type=3&mibextid=YsHG2a He is creating a natural and nutritious fruit leather brand. PETER SANTANELLO'S CROW RESERVATION VIDEO https://youtu.be/LON6eGikrKk CROW MONTANA RESERVATION- Apsaalooke/ Beeloga- “Children of the Large Beak Bird” (name of the Crow people). Peter Santenello, Robin (father), James (main interview and tour, son, near age 18, recently graduated high school and to attend Montana State University, married to his wife Angela). (Hardin, MT used to be half of Crow reservation, surveyors moved the borders, there is an IGA grocery). Bighorn River, Crow Agency- shows the flag. Old tribal building burned down. Skatepark. Montana State University is Crow Country. Lodge Grass is an area with a grocery store. Buddy Burger- on the reservation, the speaker and his aunt's old houses were across the street from there in Crow Agency area. Apsaalooke Trading Post- mini mart, trades and pawning. Crow Fairgrounds- where Crow Fair is held the 3rd wk of August ea year. Watering hole for swimming and watering horses. Church. Apsaalooke Nights Casino. The old casino failed. Hospital-“Crow/ Northern Cheyenne Indian Hospital, Crow Agency, Montana”- only hires Residents no full-time long term doctors and some residents may not be the best quality. Conoco, Crow tribal gas station. River Crow Trading Post. The Big Horn Mountains is a mountain range in Crow Country where sun sets west behind them. JAMES LINK FOR FIRST NATION FOODS BUSINESS https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=111807328420357&set=a.111805821753841&type=3&mibextid=YsHG2a He is creating a natural and nutritious fruit leather brand. PETER SANTANELLO'S CROW RESERVATION VIDEO https://youtu.be/LON6eGikrKk --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

On October 18th 2016, 34-year-old Freda Jane Knows His Gun of Crow Agency, Montana, called a friend from a Walmart in Kennewick, Washington, to ask for a money transfer which she was intending to use to travel back to her home having promised her three children that she would take them trick-or-treating for Halloween, but when her friend called her back fifteen minutes later to see if the money had reached her, Freda did not answer. The money was not collected, and Freda Knowshisgun was never seen or heard from again. It was known that she had fallen into a bad crowd and had started abusing drugs around this time, but despite this, Freda's children were her world, and for her to not keep her promise was deeply concerning. This case remains unsolved. If you feel that you need support regarding any of the issues presented in this episode, please contact your local crisis centre. CREDITS: Narration and Production - Kirsty Skye Research and Writing - Nikkielmas Scoring - S. D. D. C. LISTEN: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4VihnSDeXi8kvoZhdDUdvJ?si=mT3zc7gdQJisHibBr4ImIA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/stolen-sisters/id1517420487 AnchorFM: anchor.fm/stolensisters SOCIALS: Website - https://anchor.fm/stolensisters Twitter - @Stolen_Sisters Instagram - @stolensisterspod Email - stolensisterspodcast@yahoo.com SOURCES: https://uncovered.com/cases/freda-jane-knows-his-gun https://charleyproject.org/case/freda-jane-knows-his-gun https://www.newspapers.com/clip/87509625/the-independent-record/ https://www.newspapers.com/clip/87509877/the-independent-record/ https://www.realigndetox.com/orange-county-detox/what-is-a-heroin-hot-shot/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k87e34YBsqs&ab_channel=TheSLAINProject https://eu.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2020/05/07/montana-families-missing- indigenous-people-grieve-hanna-harris-birthday/3084223001/ WOLFSBANE STUDIOS LTD© --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

We're still 18 months away from Louisiana's next gubernatorial election, but Senator Bill Cassidy is already eyeing the seat. The Advocate's editorial director and columnist Stephanie Grace tells us more about the Republican lawmaker's potential run.  Dillard University sent shockwaves through the collegiate mock trial community last month when the unranked team advanced to the American Mock Trial Association's National Championship Tournament. WWNO's education reporter Aubri Juhasz tells us how the team is preparing for this weekend's competition.  Supaman is an Aspsáalooke rapper from Crow Agency, Montana. This week on American Routes, he talks about how his Native American heritage and community inspires his style of music and performance.  Last year, Governor John bel Edwards vetoed a bill that would ban transgender girls from participating in high school sports. However, the state GOP has reintroduced the “fairness in Women's Sports Act,” with a newfound confidence given their recent success in overriding Edward's veto of congressional maps. WRKF's Capitol reporter Paul Braun tells us more about where this bill might be headed. Today's episode of Louisiana Considered was hosted by Patrick Madden. Our managing producer is Alana Schreiber and our digital editor is Katelyn Umholtz. Our engineers are Garrett Pittman, Aubrey Procell, and Thomas Walsh.  You can listen to Louisiana Considered Monday through Friday at 12:00 and 7:30 pm. It's available on Spotify, Google Play, and wherever you get your podcasts.  Louisiana Considered wants to hear from you! Please fill out our pitch line to let us know what kinds of story ideas you have for our show. And while you're at it, fill out our listener survey! We want to keep bringing you the kinds of conversations you'd like to listen to. Louisiana Considered is made possible with support from our listeners. Thank you! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

University of Colorado PhD student Kerri Clement examines horse herd restoration efforts on the part of Crow Agency superintendent Robert Yellowtail. While Yellowtail concentrated on particular breeds and worked to obtain high-bred horses, this short-lived project reflects the longer and deeper history between Crow people and equines. Between 1875 and 1910, cattle raising on the Flathead Reservation grew from supplementing a tribal economy based on hunting and gathering to the foundation of a new economy.

Shane Doyle is a Montana-based scholar, teacher, and community advocate whose work focuses on the history and heritage of Native American tribes of the Northern Great Plains. Shane is an enrolled member of the Apsáalooke Nation (also known as the Crow Tribe), and he holds a doctorate in Curriculum and Instruction from Montana State University. His unique personal and professional experiences, combined with his deep curiosity and seemingly endless energy, have made Shane a well-known leader in many fields, including education, land use advocacy, and the arts. - Shane grew up in Crow Agency, Montana, and he did not have an interest in history until college, when a road trip with a professor opened his eyes to Montana's rich Native American past. From that moment onward, Shane's curiosity has continued to grow, and he has built his career around making Native American history a cultural mainstay in everything from Montana's educational system to governmental land management decisions. Whether designing educational curriculums, making films, or singing Northern Plains tribal music, Shane is always focused on serving his community. - Whether you're a long-time listener or this is your first episode, I know you'll enjoy getting to know Shane. We started out discussing his youth on the Crow reservation, and he talks about that fateful road trip when he fell in love with history. We talk about his family and the important life lessons that he learned from his grandmother. We discuss the history of the Apsáalooke, and the importance of the Crazy Mountains from a cultural and historical perspective. We also discuss his consulting business Native Nexus, some of his film projects, and his plans for the future. And Shane obviously has plenty of excellent book recommendations, so be sure to check out the episode notes for links to all of those. - As you'll hear in this conversation, Shane is doing so much excellent work and has many more projects in the pipeline. I'll look forward to a part 2 with Shane in the future so we can hear updates on everything that he's working on. Hope you enjoy! --- Native Nexus Shane's film: Awaxaawippíia: The Crow Nation's Sacred Ties Full episode note and links: https://mountainandprairie.com/shane-doyle/ --- TOPICS DISCUSSED: 3:15 – Shane's childhood and how he pursued Indigenous history in his youth 7:45 – Shane describes how he engaged in studying the Indigenous history of Montana 10:30 – Shane discusses Asaalooke Nation history  14:30 – Shane discusses his thoughts regarding a history of broken treaties 18:15 – Shane talks about the service element of his work 21:00 – Shane discusses the significance of the Crazy Mountain Range, including his own experience fasting in that mountain range 27:15 – Shane explains the regularity of his meditation ceremonies  30:15 – Shane mentions some resources for people interested in Northern Plains Indigenous culture 34:00 – Shane discusses the book he is writing, Messages from Medicine Wheel Country 38:00 – Shane talks about his film regarding the Crazy Mountains 41:45 – Shane explains how folks can get involved in the protection of the Crazy Mountains  43:30 – Shane discusses his business, Native Nexus 47:15 – Shane talks about where he thinks his career is going next 51:45 – Shane's book recommendations 55:45 – Shane's film recommendations, as well as some films he feels less enthusiastic about 1:01:30 – Shane's parting words of wisdom --- This episode is brought to you by The Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation and its Montana-based AMB West Philanthropies, both of which embody the values-based approach to philanthropy and business of their Chairman Arthur M. Blank. --- ABOUT MOUNTAIN & PRAIRIE: Mountain & Prairie - All Episodes Mountain & Prairie Shop Mountain & Prairie on Instagram Upcoming Events About Ed Roberson Support Mountain & Prairie Leave a Review on Apple Podcasts

Who here is familiar with America's Indian Nations? I mean, this is really embarrassing but I don't or let me rephrase that, I didn't know much until I started doing research for this episode. Did you know they have their own constitution? Did you know they don't fully trust or rely on outside (out of tribe) law enforcement?How many of you heard these statements, “They are all addicts and drunks.” “Violent, be cautious.”Do you know how many tribes and reservations there are in the US?Can any of you recall seeing news reports of missing or murdered indigenous women & girls? I know we hear about the casinos, and them being forced off their lands, or how they are going on strike, but I can honestly say... I have not, however I try very hard not to follow the news because it either summons sadness, madness, depression, or flat-out hopelessness... I tend to lose all hope for humanity and want to find a magic wand to make everything better for those who are suffering. However, this is not a Disney movie, its real life, and for those indigenous women & girls who've had their lives taken, deserve justice. Their families deserve justice!So, this episode involves a few cases from the Crow Indian Agency in Montana. These are the MissingAnd the murderedwomen & girls.. They are mothers, daughters, sisters, aunties, cousins, wives..... a friend! Knowledge is Power:- Very short documentary - Awaxaawippíia: The Crow Nation's Sacred Tieshttps://youtu.be/9OlUx6Xg4TY- Still Here: A Crow Nation Story (boarding school phase, full blooded %, native language)https://youtu.be/OvPLw1pI8zk- Crow Nation's Ultimate Warrior Challenge (Woman Warrior - Brittany Iron)https://youtu.be/nW1zh1Oxoek- 2019, the Senate officially made May 5th, National Day of Awareness for MMIWG2S (Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women, Girls, and Two-Spirits)https://youtu.be/7bpTcvYiyCsResources:- Urban Indian Health Institute (aka UIHI)https://www.uihi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Missing-and-Murdered-Indigenous-Women-and-Girls-Report.pdf- Native Womens Wildernesshttps://www.nativewomenswilderness.org/mmiw- Governer's Office Of Indian Affairshttps://tribalnations.mt.gov/crow- The actual Hanna Act bill #21https://leg.mt.gov/bills/2019/HB0099/HB0021_1.pdf- The Billings Gazette, by Ashley Nerbovig – 6/17/16https://www.newspapers.com/image/602650987/?terms=roylynn%20rides%20horse&match=1- The Crow Websitehttp://www.crow-nsn.gov/constitutions-and-bylaws.html- 5/5/21 – Advocacy committees - https://pres-outlook.org/2021/05/advocacy-committees-call-for-recognition-of-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls-day/- Oppression – Mental Healthhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6615430/- NPR - MMIWhttps://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670631164/the-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-from-across-the-u-s- Warrior Womenhttps://www.warriorwomen.org- MMIW-USAhttps://mmiwusa.org/?fbclid=IwAR0xL8r7LKAbNRDg-vXYXBWtT25EvDHrLYz-PNkFCOtWE_qbuMaazp02krk- The Smithsonian's New Exhibit Spotlighting Native Women Artistshttps://msmagazine.com/2020/04/07/enjoy-the-smithsonians-new-exhibit-spotlighting-native-women-artists-from-your-home/- By Chrissy Bobic – 2/26/2020https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-hanna-harris- The woman who created Hanna's Act - Peppershttps://helenair.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/hannas-act-signed-into-law/article_bcd67080-f492-5683-afd3-84a85e9db80e.html- Brandi Bends interview: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2019/10/23/crow-nation-is-a-place-where-one-could-vanish-and-many-have

In Montana, Indigenous people make up less than 7% of the population, but they consistently account for more than a quarter of the state's missing persons cases. I was shocked when I read that. And according to the Montana Department of Justice, eighteen of their missing persons have been missing for more than a year. So the story I'm about to tell you, sadly, is not as shocking as it should be. Eight-year-old Mildred Old Crow was reported missing in November 2020. She was last seen in the care of her guardians who were appointed by the Crow Reservation Tribal Court in March of 2019. I can't find any information on why it took over a year and a half for someone to file a missing person's report on the tiny, brown eyed child. Anyone with information about Millie's whereabouts can call BIA Law Enforcement at Crow Agency at (406) 638-2631 or the FBI at (801) 579-1400. https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/mmiw/missing-girls-body-found-on-crow-reservation/article_2674ccb0-3cf2-58b2-8f62-64f8a25be3e9.html?utm_medium=social&utm_source=email&utm_campaign=user-share https://billingsgazette.com/news/local/two-charged-with-child-endangerment-in-connection-with-missing-crow-girl/article_097dfca1-49ec-56c0-88e0-0ee718239d2a.html http://www.crow-nsn.gov/constitutions-and-bylaws.html https://tribalnations.mt.gov/crow https://montanafreepress.org/2020/12/21/u-s-supreme-court-to-hear-case-involving-crow-nation/ https://www.mtpr.org/post/crow-tribe-declares-state-emergency-over-lack-law-enforcement https://www.khq.com/regional/candle-light-vigil-honors-mildred-milly-old-crow/article_6172168c-dac3-5beb-a18b-12956cc60dff.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crow_people

Henny Scott was known as a loving, funny, and talented girl on the Northern Cheyenne reservation. In December of 2018, she went missing while she was hanging out with friends until she was found dead two weeks later. We spoke with her parents to learn more about Henny and how the family has moved forward since their loss.LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS: Senate Bill 4 which aimed to extend the state's Missing Indigenous Persons task force passed through the senate with 41 yes votes and 9 no votes. The bill then went to the House Judiciary committee – which passed the bill with the amendments added. Now the bill will go back before the full House chamber for a second reading.: https://bit.ly/3qBf0oN Two other bills up in this session could directly impact the efforts to combat the missing and murdered Indigenous persons epidemic in Montana. House Bill 35 and 36 were introduced by Representative Sharon Peregroy of Crow Agency. HB 35 would establish a missing persons review commission. The language of the bill further outlines tasks for this commission, which includes educational efforts and strategizing to optimize those types of investigations. $85,000 is to be appropriated towards this effort from the state's general fund. HB 35 just recently passed through the House Judiciary committee with amendments and is scheduled for a second reading by the committee.: https://bit.ly/3pJgKMzHB 36 would establish a missing persons response team training grant program. Its purpose is to help fund training opportunities for community-based missing persons response teams. $61,000 is to be appropriated from the state's general fund for this initiative. HB 36 passed through the House with 100 Yes votes and has since been referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. : https://bit.ly/2MOhce5

Christian Parrish Takes the Gun, known professionally as Supaman is an Apsáalooke rapper and fancy dancer who was born in Seattle, Washington and grew up in Crow Agency, Montana. He dedicates his life to empowering and spreading a message of hope and faith through a unique fusion of traditional and modern culture. He is the recipient of the 2017 MTV VMA award for Best Fight Against the System. He is also a Nammy - Native American Music Award Winner, North American Indigenous Image Award, and seven Tunney Awards. We talked about Supaman's early years in hip hop, and what led him to incorporate more of his tribal identity into his creativity.. despite initial concerns by both his Christian pastors and tribal chiefs. He informed us about the state of emergency in regards to preserving the Apsáalooke culture, and how Standing Rock and other indigenous rights movements are emerging—creating glimpses of bright optimism out of the darker collective trauma still impacting contemporary reservation life. Supaman's book recommendations are: “Plenty-coups: Chief of the Crows” by Frank Bird Linderman “Two Leggings: The Making of a Crow Warrior” by Peter Nabokov The books of Deepak Chopra “God is Red: A Native View of Religion” by Vine Deloria Jr. “Wrestling with Jesus: A candid dialogue with the Master on what Christians must know about their religion—but will never hear in church” by D. K. Maylor Follow all of Supaman's latest work: https://www.supamanhiphop.net/ Stay connected with us via email: https://bewherehow.com Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/bewherehowshow

My Apsáalooke name is Iichiinmaaáatchilash - Fortunate with Horses and my English name is JoRee LaFrance. I come from the Apsáalooke (Crow) nation and from the Greasy Mouth clan and I am a child of Ties in the Bundle clan. I was born in Crow Agency, MT and was raised in Wyola, MT in the Mighty Few district. My parents are Lissa Whiteclay and Andre LaFrance. On my maternal side of the family, I am a Whiteclay, Tobacco, Horn and Bear Claw. On my paternal side, I come from the LaFrance, Knows His Gun, Good Eagle, and Spang families. My full last name is White Clay On The Forehead and it comes from my great-great-great grandpa who used white clay as his medicine when he went to battle. I am the 7th generation of Chief Pretty Eagle, the last principal chief of the Apsáalooke Nation and one of the first five Apsáalooke delegation members to travel to Washington, D.C. I graduated in June 2017 from Dartmouth College with a B.A. in Earth Sciences and Native American Studies. I currently reside in Tucson, AZ where I expect to complete my PhD in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Arizona.  Picture 1: Professional headshot (PC: Sings In The Timber Photography). Picture 2: Photo taken in the Ewing Laboratory at Montana State University - Bozeman (PC: Dr. Stephanie Ewing). Picture 3: Photo taken during the parade at my tribe's annual celebration, Crow Fair, in 2019. (PC: Tony Manolis Photography).

Tonight we have the pleasure of speaking with SUPAMAN - also known as Christian Parrish Takes the Gun. He is an amazing MTV Music Award-winning hip hop artist who grew up in the Crow Agency of Montana. Join us for an amazing evening of music, conversation and inspiration! Follow Supaman on Twitter at @Supamanhiphop and visit his website at https://supamanhiphop.com/. Shé:kon and Thanks for joining Native Trailblazers! The Native Show with nearly a million listeners worldwide!  For over nine years, our award-winning Native themed online radio show has been delivering the hottest topics in Indian Country to your desktop, mobile or other listening devices! Listen in every Friday night at 8pm or any time after in archives! HOSTS: Vincent Schilling (Producer, Speaker, Journalist, Author, VP Schilling Media) www.Twitter.com/VinceSchilling  and Delores Schilling (CEO, Schilling Media, Inc.) www.Twitter.com/DelSchilling Join our chat room Here's How   Website www.NativeTrailblazers.com  Mailing List - http://eepurl.com/O7fa1  iTunes Podcasts- http://goo.gl/GkEOJ3

Episode 7: Mikayla shares her story of moving to the Crow Agency from California, her passion for Community Health and education, and lessons of identity along the way. She shares the important role that guidance from her Granny played in her life and how we can all make the world a little better by being open to novel ideas.

Robert E. Smith, Pharm.D. (Director) Robert E. Smith, Pharm.D. Robert E. Smith is a professor emeritus at the Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. He received his B.A. degree from Arizona State University and his Pharm.D. degree from the University of Southern California. On graduation, Smith spent 2 years in the U.S. Public Health Service, Indian Health Service at Crow Agency, Montana. In 1971, Smith joined the faculty at Wayne State University College of Pharmacy in Detroit, Michigan. After 7 years at Wayne State University, he served as a faculty member, department chair, and assistant dean at Creighton University School of Pharmacy. In 1989, he was appointed as the vice president for academic affairs and dean at the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, where he served until 1995. After a 1-year sabbatical at AACP, Smith accepted his last academic position at Auburn University, from which he retired in 2012. Smith was elected as an AACP president-elect (1998–1999) and president (1999–2000). He continues to be involved in academic pharmacy as an invited speaker and consultant on personal, professional, and academic leadership; strategic planning; and pedagogical and curricular change.

Exxon Mobil’s CEO is now the Secretary of State. The Koch Brothers’ Congressman is the CIA Director. We’ve already seen signs that the Trump Administration and the fossil fuel industry are merging. In this episode, hear the highlights of the confirmation hearings of the two men now most responsible for environmental law enforcement in the United States: Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Scott Pruitt. Will they protect the environment from the fossil fuel industry or did President Trump appoint foxes to guard the henhouse? Please support Congressional Dish: Click here to contribute using credit card, debit card, PayPal, or Bitcoin Click here to support Congressional Dish for each episode via Patreon Mail Contributions to: 5753 Hwy 85 North #4576 Crestview, FL 32536 Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes CD144: Trump's War Manufacturers Additional Reading Article: Trump's EPA is reconsidering a rule that limits mercury from power plants by Samantha Page, Think Progress, April 19, 2017. Article: 'Like a slow death': families fear pesticide poisoning after Trump reverses ban by Sam Levin, The Guardian, April 17, 2017. News Release: EPA Launches Back-To-Basics Agenda at Pennsylvania Coal Mine, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 13, 2017. Op-Ed: Now we know Scott Pruitt isn't serious about fighting smog by Jack Lienke, Grist, April 12, 2017. Article: What's at Stake in Trump's Proposed E.P.A. Cuts by Hiroko Tabuchi, The New York Times, April 10, 2017. Article: Federal Judge Orders Supplemental EIS For Nevada Sage Grouse Plan by Richard Nemec, Natural Gas Intel, April 6, 2017. Article: E.P.A. Chief, Rejecting Agency's Science, Chooses Not to Ban Insecticide by Eric Lipton, The New York Times, March 29, 2017. Article: Herbert pushing for Interior Secretary Zinke to visit Utah and Bear Ears by Bryan Schott, UtahPolicy.com, March 27, 2017. Press Release: Interior Department Auctions Over 122,000 Acres Offshore Kitty Hawk, North Carolina for Wind Energy Development, U.S. Department of the Interior, March 16, 2017. Press Release: Secretary Zinke Issues Lease for 56 Million Tons of Coal in Central Utah, U.S. Department of the Interior, March 15, 2017. Article: Zinke pledges big changes at Department of the Interior by Rob Chaney, Missoulian, March 10, 2017. Press Release: Secretary Zinke Announces Proposed 73-Million Acre Oil and Natural Gas Lease Sale for Gulf of Mexico, U.S. Department of the Interior, March 6, 2017. Article: Fate of Bears Ears in question as Senate confirms Montana Rep. Zinke as Interior secretary by Thomas Burr, The Salt Lake Tribune, March 1, 2017. Article: Oklahoma's earthquake threat now equals California's because of man-made temblors, USGS says by Rong-Gong Lin II, The Los Angeles Times, March 1, 2017. Article: Thousands of emails detail EPA head's close ties to fossil fuel industry by Brady Dennis and Steven Mufson, The Washington Post, February 22, 2017. Article: Scott Pruitt makes it clear that the Clean Power Plan is going away by Natasha Geiling, Think Progress, February 19, 2017. Article: Utah Representative Wants Bears Ears Gone And He Wants Trump To Do It by Kirk Siegler, NPR, February 5, 2017. Article: Good Question: What Exactly Is The Dakota Access Pipeline? by Heather Brown, CBS Minnesota, January 24, 2017. Document: State of the Air 2016 by The American Lung Association Article: Obama Designates Atlantic, Artic Areas Off-Limits To Offshore Drilling by Merrit Kennedy, NPR, December 20, 2016. Article: Ryan Zinke, Donald Trump's Pick for Interior Secretary, and the Rising American Land Movements by Benjamin Wallace-Wells, The New Yorker, December 16, 2016. Press Release: Interior Department Announces Final Rule to Reduce Methane Emissions & Wasted Gas on Public, Tribal Lands, U.S. Department of the Interior, November 15, 2016. Article: Incumbent Ryan Zinke says security, jobs, health care top priorities by Holly Michels, Montana Standard, October 14, 2016. Article: Obama announces moratorium on new federal coal leases by Joby Warrick and Juliet Eilperin, The Washington Post, January 15, 2016. Article: With Only $93 Billion in Profits, the Big Five Oil Companies Demand to Keep Tax Breaks by Daniel J. Weiss and Miranda Peterson, Center for American Progress, February 10, 2014. References Encyclopedia Britannica: Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 Fact Sheet: Methane and Waste Prevention Rule, US Department of the Interior U.S. Energy Information Administration: Natural Gas Overview U.S. Energy Information Administration: U.S. Energy Mapping System Environmental Protection Agency: EPA History Environmental Protection Agency: California Greenhouse Gas Waiver Request Environmental Protection Agency: Order denying petition to revoke tolerances for the pesticide chlorpyrifos GovTrack: On the Nomination PN31: Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior GovTrack: H.R. 5259 (114th): Certainty for States and Tribes Act Overview OpenSecrets: Sen. Lisa Murkowski - Summary OpenSecrets: Sen. Lisa Murkowski - Career Profile Sound Clip Sources Hearing: Interior Secretary Confirmation - Ryan Zinke, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, January 17, 2017. Part 1 Part 2 Timestamps & Transcripts Part 1 42:54 Senator Lisa Murkowski: Will you commit to a formal review of all of the Obama administration’s actions that took resource-bearing lands and waters in Alaska effectively off the table, including the decisions that specifically prevented the leasing of those lands and those waters for development, and determine whether or not they can be reversed? Ryan Zinke: Yes. I think the president-elect has said that we want to be energy independent. As a former Navy Seal, I think I’ve been to 63 countries in my lifetime, and I can guarantee it is better to produce energy domestically under [missing audio] than watch it be produced overseas with no regulation. I’ve seen the consequences of what happens when you don’t have any regulation in the Middle East. We can do it right. The backbone of our environmental policies has been NEPA, and I’m a strong supporter of NEPA, but we also have to understand that we need an economy. And, look, if we don’t have an economy as a country, then the rest of it doesn’t matter, because we’re not going to be able to afford a strong military, nor are we going to be able to afford to keep the promises we’ve made as a great nation; and we’ve made a lot of promises to education, to our children’s future, to infrastructure, to Social Security; all that takes an economy that’s moving forward, and energy is a part of that economy, and Alaska is a critical part of that economy. Alaska’s different for a reason: you are blessed with great resources, you are blessed with great recreation—a little cold in the winter, but it’s not Palm Springs. Murkowski: You’re from Montana. You can handle it. Zinke: We can handle it. But, yes, I think we need to be prudent. And always, I think we need to review things to make sure we’re doing it right because over time the government keeps on getting bigger and bigger, the bureaucracy gets larger and larger, and we can’t get something done. 53:12 Senator John Hoeven: Also in North Dakota, we’ve had a real challenge with the Dakota Access Pipeline protest. You and I talked about it. State and local law enforcement has worked very hard to keep the peace and to keep people safe, but we need federal law-enforcement help as well, and so in your case, that’s going mean BIA law enforcement. And, so, my question is, if you’re confirmed, will you ensure that BIA law enforcement works with state and local law enforcement to resolve the situation, to keep people safe, and to make sure that the rule of law is followed? Ryan Zinke: Yes, sir. And we talked about it in your office, and if confirmed, I’m going to be a very busy man, travelling. I’m going to travel to Utah, travel to Alaska, and travel to North Dakota. Those are three impending problems that we need to resolve quickly. I have great respect for the Indian nations. I’m adopted Assiniboine. Last time the Sioux Nations all got together, I would say General Custer probably would say that was not a good issue. So, you look at this, and there is deep cultural ties, there is a feeling that we haven’t been a fair consultant, a fair partner, and so I think we need to listen to that voice. 57:45 Senator Bernie Sanders: President-elect Trump has suggested—more than suggested—stated in his view that climate change is a “hoax.” Now I know that you’re not here to be administrator of the EPA or secretary of the Energy, but the issue of climate change is in fact very important for issues that the Department of Interior deals with. Is President-elect Trump right? Is climate change a hoax? Ryan Zinke: I can give you—the best answer is three things: First of all, climate is changing. That’s indisputable. I’m from Glacier National Park, and I’ve seen— Sanders: You don’t have any more glaciers there, huh? Zinke: Well—and I’ve seen glaciers over the period of my time recede. Matter of fact, when my family and I have eaten lunch on Grinnell Glacier, the glacier has receded during lunch. Sanders: All right. But I have—if you could— Zinke: Yeah. Sanders: —is the president-elect right? Is climate change a hoax? Zinke: Well, if I can give you two more points— Sanders: Okay. Zinke: —I’ll make it short. The second thing is man has had an influence. I don’t think—I think that’s indisputable as well. So, climate is changing, man is an influence. I think where there’s debate on it is what that influence is, what can we do about it, and as the Department of Interior, I will inherit, if confirmed, the USGS. We have great scientists there. I’m not a climate-scientist expert, but I can tell you I will become a lot more familiar with it, and it’ll be based on objective science. I don’t believe it’s a hoax; I believe we should— Sanders: You do not believe it's a hoax. Zinke: No. I believe we should be prudent to be prudent. That means I don’t know definitively; there’s a lot of debate on both sides of the aisle— Sanders: Well, actually, there’s not a whole lot of debate now. The scientific community is virtually unanimous that climate change is real and causing devastating problems. There is the debate on this committee but not within the scientific community. 59:40 Senator Bernie Sanders: If climate change is already causing devastating problems, should we allow fossil fuel to be drilled on public lands? Ryan Zinke: Again, we need an economy and jobs, too. And I, in my experience, have probably seen 63 different countries. I’ve seen what happens when you don’t have regulated— Sanders: I’m taking your—I don’t mean to be rude, but this is not a whole lot—I’m taking your answer to be yes, we should allow fossil fuel to be drilled on public lands. Zinke: I’m an all-the-above energy, and I want to be honest with you—I’m all the above. Sanders: Will you encourage wind and solar on public lands? Zinke: I will encourage, absolutely, wind and sol—all the above. Sanders: Okay. Zinke: So I think that’s the better solution going forward is all-the-above energy. 1:00:40 Ryan Zinke: I want to be clear in this point: I am absolutely against transfer or sale of public land. 1:39:40 Senator John Barrasso: The war on coal: it is real for communities across the West, including Wyoming, including Montana; it’s devastated small towns, ultimately threatens our country’s energy security. If confirmed, will you commit to ending this moratorium on federal coal leasing? Ryan Zinke: The war on coal, I believe, is real. I have Decker, Montana, in my area, and behind me is a gentleman that works in the coal mines of the Crow Agency, which, by the way, the Crow Agency, if you were to take coal out of the picture, the unemployment rate would probably in the 90 percent. So they’re very keen on making sure they have their jobs and we give them the ability for self-determination. The moratorium, I think, was an example of many, is that one size fits all. It was a view from Washington and not a view from the states, particularly if you’re a state such as Wyoming, parts of Montana, West Virginia, where coal’s important. So overall, the president-elect has made a commitment to end “ the war on coal.” I think we should be smart on how we approach our energy. “All the above” is a correct policy. Coal is certainly a great part of our energy mix. To your point, I’m also a great believer that we should invest in the research and development, particularly on coal, because we know we have the asset. Let’s work together to make it cleaner, better. We should be leading the world in clean-energy technology, and I’m pretty confident that coal can be a part of that. 1:41:36 Senator John Barrasso: With the use of the Congressional Review Act, and I’m planning introducing a disapproval resolution on the BLM’s venting and flaring rule. To me that rule far exceeds the authority of the BLM, will ultimately put federal lands at a greater competitive disadvantage to state and private lands. Will you support our efforts to reverse this rule under the Congressional Review Act? Ryan Zinke: Yes, and I think what the driving force is is we’re venting a lot, and we’re wasting energy. And that is troubling to me, is that the amount of venting in North Dakota alone almost exceeds what we get out of the fields. So, a lot of the wasting can be approached by having an infrastructure. So let us build a system where we capture that energy that is otherwise being wasted. And that’s an enormous opportunity. It’s an enormous opportunity, our natural gas and geopolitically as well. We haven’t talked a lot about overseas, but energy is so critically important. If we want to check Russia, then let’s do it with liquid natural gas. If we want to put pressure on Iran, then let’s supplant every drop of Iranian crude. This is all part of a larger package, and it cannot be done without the great state of Wyoming and their assets, or Alaska. But we have to think globally on it, and it is better—and I’ve said this once before—but it is better to produce energy in America under reasonable regulation and get better over time than watch it be produced overseas with no regulation. That is indisputable. 1:43:23 Senator John Barrasso: And I want to talk about sage grouse management plans. The administration has ignored input from key stakeholders, including Western governors during the development of their plans, plans which were used to justify [missing audio] unwarranted status under the Endangered Species Act. But at the core, the plans fundamentally oppose the multiple-use mandates of the BLM, which includes grazing, recreation, energy development. Will you commit to returning conservation and management authority of the sage grouse back to the states in preventing this top-down mandate like this in the future? Ryan Zinke: My understanding is the sage grouse decision is going to come before the Department of Interior some time in March. I understand there’s going to be options and alternatives, proposed alternatives. I will work with you when I see those documents, and I’ll work with all of you when I see those documents, to make sure we’re doing the right thing. What concerns me about sage grouse is there’s no target number. I’m not sure how you can manage without a number. If we just grab a management of property without a number, I look at that with a suspect eye. So I think we’ve got to look at, everyone loves sage grouse, everyone understands that we have to protect the species, and generally those living in the ground are in a better position, and we should be an advocate and a partner in this rather than heavy-handed and just dictate terms, particularly when we don’t have a number. 2:33:40 Senator Mazie Hirono: In the discussion about energy, you’ve said a number of times that you support “all of the above,” which sounds really great except that in “all of the above,” what’s happened is that the fossil-fuel side of energy has gotten a lot of support over decades. So I hope that when you say “all of the above” that you will also be committed to providing more resources and support, particularly R&D for alternative and renewables, aside from, or in addition to, fossil fuels. So we need to have a more-level playing field for policies that truly reflect support for “all of the above.” Ryan Zinke: Yeah. I’ve always been a strong proponent on the record for research and development of different technologies, different innovations, different opportunities in this complete spectrum of the energy to include looking at traditional sources to make sure we’re better at doing that, you know, certainly horizontal drilling, fracking— Hirono: Yeah. Zinke: —coal. But “all the above” I think is the right approach. And when it comes out of the test tube and into fielding, energy needs to be affordable, reliable, and abundant. Part 2 12:15 Ryan Zinke: On the Gateway Pacific Terminal, what I raised my eyebrow on is I didn’t take a position, whether yes or no, on the Terminal. I took a position to make sure the NEPA process was followed and the EIS was completed before making a judgment. What I found was we were close to ending the NEPA process, with the EIS, after years and millions of dollars were spent on it, and then that was truncated and stopped by affidavits—and I didn’t judge whether the affidavits from the tribe were true or not true—if you don’t finish the NEPA process and don’t finish an EIS, and then all of a sudden that process can be interrupted and a permit can be pulled on the basis of something outside the EIS, why would you ever consent to spend millions of dollars on an EIS? That was my objection. And I don’t mean to speak for Senator Daines. Senator Maria Cantwell: So, you believe in the tribal sovereignty of the Lummi tribe to object in this case. Zinke: They certainly had every right to object as well as, in this case, the Crows, who also have a treaty obligation. 15:06 Senator Steve Daines: You have been a champion fighting on behalf of the Crow tribes, as you mentioned here in that last exchange, their sovereign right to develop their coal resources. And as you said in your testimony, the unemployment rate in Crow country will go north of 90 percent if they lose those jobs. Hearing: EPA Administrator Confirmation - Scott Pruitt, Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, January 18, 2017. Part 1 Part 2 Timestamps & Transcripts Part 1 01:30 Chairman John Barrasso: Good morning. I call this hearing to order. We have a quite a full house today. I welcome the audience. This is a formal Senate hearing, and in order to allow the committee to conduct its business, we’ll maintain decorum. That means if there are disorders, demonstrations, by a member of the audience, the person causing the disruption will be escorted from the room by the Capitol Police. 22:50: Senator Jim Inhofe: Yes, as attorney general, Scott Pruitt has fought the EPA, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the oil companies, and the out-going administration on many fronts, but all of these suits were brought to protect state and local interests from overzealous and activist executive agencies. Over the last eight years, the Obama administration has advanced a radical environmental agenda, has exhibited a deep distrust of state governments and private land owners, and has worked to obstruct the fossil-fuel industry and agriculture producers, the most-ardent protectors of the environment. 29:52 Scott Pruitt: I would lead the EPA with the following principles in mind: First, we must reject as a nation that false paradigm that if you’re pro-energy, you’re anti-environment; and if you’re pro-environment, you’re anti-energy. I really reject that narrative. In this nation we can grow our economy, harvest the resources God has blessed us with, while also being good stewards of the air, land, and water by which we’ve been favored. It is not an either-or proposition. Next, we should celebrate the great progress we’ve made as a nation since the inception of the EPA and the laws that have been passed by this body, but recognize that we have much work to do. Third, rule of law matters. Process matters. It inspires confidence in those that are regulated. The law is static, not transient. Regulators are supposed to make things regular, to fairly and equitably enforce the rules and not pick winners and losers. A regulator should not be for or against any sector of our economy; instead, a regulator ought to follow the law in setting up the rules so that those who are regulated can plan, allocate resources, to meet the standards versus operating in a state of uncertainty and duress. Fourth, federalism matters. It matters because Congress says so. And because we need to achieve good outcomes as a nation for air and water quality, we need the partnership of the states to achieve that. It is our state regulators who oftentimes best understand the local needs and the uniqueness of our environmental challenges, plus our state regulators possess the resources and expertise to enforce our environmental laws. Fifth, public participation is key. We need to hear all voices as we make decisions in behalf of our country with respect to environmental laws. 39:07 Senator Tom Carper: In 2011 the EPA required dirty coal power plants to clean up mercury and air toxic emissions by issuing the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards rule. This rule will reduce the mercury, a neurotoxin that contaminates our streams and our oceans, pollutes our fish, and harms our children’s health. As attorney general, I believe you’ve been part of at least 14 legal cases against the EPA, and at least three of these cases against the EPA’s rules, to reduce mercury emissions from power plants. Is that correct? Just yes or no. Scott Pruitt: Senator, we have been involved in litigation around the MATS rule. Carper: Is that correct? Yes or no. Pruitt: As I indicated, yes, we’ve been a part of litigation involving the MATS rule. Carper: Thank you. It’s my understanding that at least one of these cases against the mercury rule is still pending. Is that correct? Just yes or no. Pruitt: I believe so, Senator, yes. Carper: Thank you. 43:40 Senator Jim Inhofe: I’m glad you brought up this thing about the Clean Air Act. The amendments from 1990, I was one of the cosponsors, it’s been incredibly successful. I mean, you mentioned that we’ve reduced those pollutants by 63 percent, but what you didn’t add was that it is in spite of the fact that we had 153 percent increase in our economic activity. That’s a major thing. 48:52 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse: In Rhode Island, we have bad air days, and because of EPA’s work, there are fewer and fewer. A bad air day is a day when people driving into work hear on the radio that ozone from out-of-state smokestacks has made the air in Rhode Island dangerous and that infants and the elderly and people with breathing difficulties should stay home on an otherwise beautiful day. Because those smokestacks are out of state, we need EPA to protect us, and I see nothing in your record that would give a mom taking her child to the hospital for an asthma attack any comfort that you would take the slightest interest in her. And your passion for devolving power down to states doesn’t help us, because our state regulators can’t do anything about any of those problems; they all come from out-of-state sources. 49:45 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse: One of the things I’d like to ask you about here is the connection between you and some of these fossil-fuel companies. These are some of the companies that have supported you. These are some of the political organizations that you’ve raised money for. You’ve raised money for them for Pruitt for Attorney General, correct? Scott Pruitt: Yes, sir. I have a campaign committee for that, yes. Whitehouse: And Devon Energy, Koch Industries, ExxonMobil have all maxed out to that account. Pruitt: I’m not aware— Whitehouse: At various times. Pruitt: —if they maxed out or not, Senator, but I’m sure they’ve given to that committee. Whitehouse: Oklahoma Strong PAC is your leadership PAC? Pruitt: It was, yes. Whitehouse: It was? And, similarly, they gave money, they maxed out to that organization as well, which you controlled? Pruitt: I’m unsure about that, Senator. Whitehouse: Okay. But they contributed to it. Pruitt: I’m even unsure about that as well. I haven’t looked at that. Whitehouse: You closed your super PAC, Liberty 2.0, but that took fossil-fuel contributions as well, correct? Pruitt: That particular entity has been closed, yes. Whitehouse: Now, you helped raise money for the Republican Attorney General’s Association. While you were a member of its executive committee, they received $530,000 from Koch Industries, $350,000 from Murray Energy, $160,000 from ExxonMobil, and $125,000 from Devon Energy, the company whose letter you transposed onto your letterhead and sent as an Oklahoma attorney general document. 1:11:57 Senator Jeff Merkley: Over a number of years, information started pouring into EPA that the estimate of the amount of fugitive methane escaping in gas and oil drilling had been deeply underestimated. In 2011 the EPA put out its best estimates based on the information that was being presented. And this is relevant because methane is a global-warming gas, more potent than CO2. Gas companies didn’t like this because, well, it presented a vision of natural gas being more damaging environmentally than folks had previously understood. Devon Energy is one of the groups that sought to cast doubt on this scientific information, and it came to you to be their spokesperson, and they asked, will you be our mouthpiece in casting doubt and send a letter we have drafted to the EPA, and you sent that letter. And I just want to ask, first, are you aware that methane is approximately 30 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a global-warming gas? Scott Pruitt: I am, Senator. It’s— Merkley: Thank you. Pruitt: —the impact on human health— Merkley: That’s the answer. Yes. Thank you. It’s a yes-no question. And on a one to 10 scale, how concerned are you about the impacts of fugitive methane in driving global warming? Pruitt: Methane, as you indicated, has— Merkley: One to 10 scale. Highly, 10, very concerned; or one, not so concerned? Pruitt: The quantities of methane in the atmosphere compared to CO2 is less, but it’s far more potent, and it is— Merkley: Are you concerned? I’m asking about your level of concern. Pruitt: Yes, yes. Merkley: Highly concerned? Pruitt: I'm concerned. Merkley: Thank you. 1:13:34 Senator Jeff Merkley: Do you acknowledge sending this letter to the EPA in October 2011? Pruitt: Senator, that is a letter that’s on my letterhead that was sent to the EPA, yes, with respect to the issue. Merkley: You acknowledge that 97 percent of the words in that letter came directly from Devon Energy? Pruitt: I have not looked at the percentages, Senator. Merkley: The statement that’s been analyzed many times is that all of the 1,016 words, except for 37 words, were written directly by Devon Energy. Pruitt: Senator, that was a step that was taken as attorney general representing the interest of our state. Over 25 percent of our— Merkley: Yeah, so, I didn’t ask that question. I was just asking if you copied the letter virtually word for word. You have acknowledged that, yes, it’s in the record, people can count it, is correct. All right, so, a public office is about serving the public. There is a public concern over the impact of methane on global warming. There is scientific research showing that it’s far more devastating than anticipated and far more is leaking than—but you used your office as a direct extension of an oil company rather than a direct extension of the interests of the public health of the people of Oklahoma. Do you acknowledge that you presented a private oil company’s position rather than a position developed by the people of Oklahoma? Pruitt: Senator, with respect, I disagree. The efforts that I took as attorney general were representing the interests of the state of Oklahoma. Merkley: Earlier you said you— Pruitt: And there was a concern about— Merkley: No, no, excuse me. I’m asking the questions. You said earlier you listen to everyone. In drafting this letter, you took an oil company’s position, and then, without consulting people who had diverse views about the impact, you sent it off. How can you present that as representing the people of Oklahoma when you simply only consulted an oil company to push its own point of view for its private profit? Pruitt: Senator, there’s an obligation the EPA has to follow processes as established by this body. The cost-benefit analysis under Section 112 is something that they have to engage in. There was a concern about the overestimated percentages that the EPA put in the record—it was a record-based challenge—that was the expression of the letter to the EPA, and it was representing the interests of an industry in the state of Oklahoma— Merkley: Thank you. Pruitt: —not a company, an industry. Merkley: So, my question was, what other groups—environmental groups or other groups—did you consult so that you had that full perspective before representing simply a for-profit oil company using your official office and your official letterhead? Pruitt: There—I consulted with other environmental officials in Oklahoma that regulate that industry and learned from them with respect to the concerns about the estimates that were provided by the EPA. Merkley: Can you provide this committee with information showing who you consulted in representing this letter specifically for Devon Energy, because the information that’s in the public realm only shows that they simply sent you a letter, asked you to send it, and you sent it without questions. Pruitt: We have seven or so individuals in our office that are involved in these kinds of issues, and we will collect the information they have and provide it to this body pursuant to the chairman’s direction. Merkley: Your staff expanded substantially while you were in charge, to 251 staff members. Why do you need an outside oil company to draft a letter when you have 250 people working for you? Pruitt: Senator, as I’ve indicated, that was an effort that was protecting the state’s interest in making sure that we made the voices of all Oklahomans heard on a very important industry to our state. Merkley: You said that all heard, but you only sent it on behalf of a single voice: the oil company. Pruitt: That— Merkley: Thank you. 1:24:11 Senator Cory Booker: You’ve joined or filed 14 lawsuits against the EPA, challenging clean air and clean-water rules, yes? Scott Pruitt: We’ve been involved in multiple pieces of litigation, Senator. Booker: Yeah, but I’m looking at specifically 14, and, Mr. Chairman, I’d like to put those 14 lawsuits into the record, of where you specifically challenged the EPA on air quality. And let me just go through some of those. Chairman Barrasso: Without objection. Booker: Thank you, sir. To refresh your recollection, you filed two lawsuits challenging the EPA Mercury and Air Toxics Standards; you filed a lawsuit challenging the EPA’s 2015 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone; you filed four lawsuits challenging the EPA’s Clean Power Plan; you have sued to challenge the EPA’s 111(b) standards for carbon dioxide emissions from new power plants; and you also sued to challenge the EPA’s Federal Implementation Plan for Oklahoma under the Regional Haze rule. You’re familiar with those, I imagine. Pruitt: Yes, Senator. Booker: And you filed a lawsuit challenging the EPA Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, something in New Jersey we’re very concerned with. And are you aware that that Rule, which you lost in that suit, scientists estimate that that alone prevents 400,000 asthma attacks nationally each year? Are you aware or those estimations? Pruitt: Yes, Your Honor. Or, yes, Senator. May I offer— Booker: I appreciate your promotion to judge. Let me continue, Mr. Pruitt. I don’t have that much time. Pruitt: Okay. Booker: So, each of these lawsuits that I just went through and that we analyzed, all of them challenge attempts by the EPA to reduce air pollution. In all of them except one you filed those lawsuits, joining with polluting companies that were also suing the EPA. And, so, in addition to filing those lawsuits with some of the polluting companies, or at least one that has now been specifically mentioned by two of my colleagues, you used substantial portions of the letters from those companies, put them on your official attorney general letterhead; and what was sort of surprising to me is that when you’ve been asked about this in the public, you basically represented that, “That’s actually called representative government in my view of the world.” Your testimony here says that you were representing industry; you were representing the polluters. And, so, with all of these lawsuits you filed, and with all of these letters like this one written to the EPA, on behalf of the industries that are causing the pollution, it seems clear to me that obviously the fact pattern on representing polluters is clear, that you worked very hard on behalf of these industries that have their profits externalized, negative externalities are their pollution. And, so, I just have a question for you specifically about the children of Oklahoma. Do you know how many kids in Oklahoma, roughly, have asthma? Pruitt: I do not, Senator. Booker: Well, according to the data published by the very non-partisan group, the American Lung Association, more than 111,000 children in Oklahoma, which is more than 10 percent, more than one in 10 of all the kids in Oklahoma, have asthma. That’s one of the highest asthma rates in the entire United States of America. Now, this is a crisis—similar data, for where I was mayor—and I can tell you firsthand the devastating impacts that asthma has on children and families: affecting their economic well-being; parents who have to watch their children struggle to breathe; people that have to miss work, rushing their kids to the hospital. One in 10 kids having a disease, missing school, is a significant problem. And so if you’ve been writing letters on behalf of polluting industries, I want to ask you, how many letters did you write to the EPA about this health crisis? If this is representative government, did you represent those children? I want to know what actions you’ve taken in the past six years in your capacity as protector of the welfare of Oklahoma citizens to protect the welfare of those 111,000 children. Did you ever let any of them write letters on your letterhead to the EPA, and did you even file one lawsuit—one lawsuit—on behalf of those kids to reduce the air pollution in your state and help them to have a healthy life? Pruitt: Senator, I’ve actually provided a list of cases to the chairman with respect to enforcement steps we’ve taken in multiple pieces of environmental litigation, but let me say to you, with respect to Cross-State Air Pollution and some of the cases you referred to, the state has to have an interest before it can bring those cases, as you know. You can’t just bring a lawsuit if you don’t have standing, if there’s not been some injury to the state of Oklahoma. In each of those cases, the court determined that there was a state interest— Booker: My time has expired, but if I could just say, injury, clearly asthma is triggered and caused by air pollutants. Clearly there is an air pollution problem, and the fact that you have not brought suits in any of the levels which you’ve represented the industries that are causing the pollution is really problematic when you’re going to sit in a position that is nationally supposed to be affecting this reality. And asthma in our country is the number one reason why children in America, health reason, why children in America miss school. 1:37:28 Senator Ed Markey: Eight of those cases are still ongoing, including your litigation that challenges critical rules that reduce levels of hazardous smog, mercury, and carbon pollution. As EPA administrator, you would be in a position to serve as plaintiff, defendant, judge, and jury on these ongoing eight lawsuits, and that would be wrong. In your ethics agreement, you have said that you would not participate in any matter that is ongoing litigation within one year, but, Mr. Pruitt, isn’t it correct that these lawsuits may very well continue for much longer than one year? Scott Pruitt: Well, Senator, I have the letter from the ethics counsel at the EPA, and the one-year time period is intended to address covered entities, entities that I served in a chairmanship or an officer capacity. The Southern Theological Seminary, the Windows Ministry, those entities are covered entities. So if there is a matter that arises before the EPA within a one-year period, a particular matter, a specific case that involves those entities, then the recusal would be in order. But that’s really the focus of the one-year timeline. Markey: So, will you agree to recuse yourself from those lawsuits which you brought as the attorney general of Oklahoma against the EPA, not just for one year, but for the entirety of the time that you are the administrator of the EPA? Will you commit to doing that? Pruitt: Senator, for clarity, I think that it’s important to note that the one-year time period, again, is for those covered entities that were highlighted in the EPA letter. With respect to pending litigation, the EPA ethics counsel has indicated, with respect to particular matters and specific parties, there will be an opportunity to get counsel from the EPA at that point to determine what steps could be taken to avoid appearances of impropriety. Markey: So, you will not recu—are you saying that you will not recuse yourself from the actual matters which you’re suing the EPA on right now as attorney general of Oklahoma for the time that you are the head of the EPA? Pruitt: I’m not saying that at all, Senator. Markey: You are saying that. Will you recuse yourself? Pruitt: I’m saying that the EPA ethics counsel has indicated those cases will require a review by the EPA ethics counsel, and if it involves a particular matter with a specific party, then recusal would potentially be in order, and I would follow the guidance and counsel of EPA ethics. Markey: I just think this is—this is a clear line for the American public, given your record from Oklahoma in suing the EPA on all of these matters, that if you don’t agree to recuse yourself, then, again, you become plaintiff, defendant, judge, and jury on the cases that you’re bringing right now as attorney general of Oklahoma against the EPA; and the EPA is for all of the people of the United States, not just the fossil-fuel industry of Oklahoma. So you’re not committing—and I think that’s a big mistake, Mr. Pruitt—to recuse yourself from those cases. It is critical. 2:19:49 Senator Kirsten Gillibrand: I’ve looked at your record. Most of the lawsuits you filed as attorney general were related to businesses, specifically what was important for your state in terms of employers and businesses, and the few lawsuits you did file about human safety were few and far between, but this role as head of the EPA, you’re going to have a much more important role to play. And I want to talk specifically about mercury. If you believe that mercury is a threat to public health but oppose the remedy of reducing mercury air pollution from power plants because it’s too costly, what, then, do you think you should do or what should be done to address the mercury pollution? Scott Pruitt: Let me say, Senator, mercury is something—it is a hazardous air pollutant under Section 112. It is something that the EPA has authority to regulate and should regulate. It should do so, though, within the framework established by this body, and the Supreme Court said that the EPA did not follow the cost-benefit obligations. It’s not that the benefits outweigh the costs, it’s just that they simply didn’t engage in a proper record-based support for their rule. And so that goes back to earlier questions with other senators about the process mattering, being committed to the rule of law and the rulemaking authority that Congress has given the EPA in making sure that as rules are passed, that they can be upheld in court. Gillibrand: But, I need you also to be worried about human health. I understand there’s a cost, but when you’re talking about lives, when you’re talking about children who can’t breathe—I’ve been to the emergency room at two in the morning with a child who can’t breathe; it’s a horrible thing. We’ve had children die in New York City because none of their teachers, no administrators in the schools knew what to do when a child has an asthma attack. It’s a huge problem. So I need you to care about human health and really believe that the cost, when human health is at risk, when people are dying, is far higher than it is the cost to that polluter to clean up the air and change their processes. I need you to feel it as if your children sitting behind you are the ones in the emergency room. I need you to know it. 2:31:32 Senator Bernie Sanders: And I apologize for being late, but we were at a hearing with Congressman Price, who is the nominee for HHS, and perhaps not a great idea to have important nominating hearings at exactly the same time. 2:33:30 Scott Pruitt: I believe the ability to measure with precision the degree of human activity’s impact on the climate is subject to more debate on whether the climate is changing or the human activity contributes to it. Senator Bernie Sanders: While you are not certain, the vast majority of scientists are telling us that if we do not get our act together and transform our energy system away from fossil fuel, there is a real question as to the quality of the planet that we are going to be leaving our children and our grandchildren. So, you are applying for a job as administrator for the EPA to protect our environment; overwhelming majority of scientists say we have got to act boldly, and you are telling me that there needs to be more debate on this issue and that we should not be acting boldly. Pruitt: No, Senator. As I’ve indicated, the climate is changing, and human activity impacts that. Sanders: But you haven’t told me why you think the climate is changing. Pruitt: Well, Senator, the job of the administrator is to carry out the statutes as passed by this body and to _ Sanders: Why is the climate changing? Pruitt: Senator, in response to the CO2 issue, the EPA administrator is constrained by statutes Sanders: I'm asking you a personal opinion. Pruitt: My personal opinion is immaterial— Sanders: Really?! Pruitt: —to the job of carrying out— Sanders: You are going to be the head of the agency to protect the environment, and your personal feelings about whether climate change is caused by human activity and carbon emissions is immaterial? Pruitt: Senator, I’ve acknowledged to you that the human activity impacts the climate. Sanders: Impacts. Pruitt: Yes. Sanders: Scientific community doesn’t tell us it impacts; they say it is the cause of climate change, we have to transform our energy system. Do you believe we have to transform our energy system in order to protect the planet for future generations? Pruitt: I believe the EPA has a very important role at regulating the emissions of CO2. Sanders: You didn’t answer my question. Do you believe we have to transform our energy system away from fossil fuel, to do what the scientific community is telling us, in order to make sure that this planet is healthy for our children and grandchildren? Pruitt: Senator, I believe that the administrator has a very important role to perform in regulating CO2. Sanders: Can you tell me, as I think all of us know, Oklahoma has been subjected to a record-breaking number of earthquakes. Scientists say that Oklahoma is almost certain to have more earthquakes, with heightened risk of a large quake, probable to endure for a decade and that the cause of this is fracking. Can you point me—picking up on Senator Harris’s discussion with you, can you point me to any opinion that you wrote, any enforcement actions you took, against the companies that were injecting waste fracking water? Pruitt: Senator, let me say I’m very concerned about the connection between activity in Oklahoma and- Sanders: And, therefore, you must have taken action, I guess. Can you tell me who you fined for doing this, if you are very concerned? Pruitt: The Corporation Commission in Oklahoma is vested with the jurisdiction, and they have actually acted on that. Sanders: And you have made public statements expressing your deep concern about this. Pruitt: We have worked with, through our- Sanders: You have made public statements. You’re in a state which is seeing a record-breaking number of earthquakes. You’re the attorney general. Obviously, you have stood up and said you will do everything you can to stop future earthquakes as a result of fracking. Pruitt: Senator, I’ve acknowledged that I’m concerned about the- Sanders: You acknowledged that you are concerned. Pruitt: Yes. Sanders: Your state is having a record number of—well, if that’s the kind of administrator for the EPA—your state’s having a record-breaking number of earthquakes, you acknowledge you are concerned; if that’s the kind of EPA administrator you will be, you are not going to get my vote. 2:37:43 Senator John Barrasso: I want to talk about some of the concerns I have with overregulation, and I’ll ask, do you have the same concerns with the overregulation of U.S. manufacturing over the last eight years? I believe we’ve _____(00:08) exported manufacturing jobs overseas, jobs that go with them in terms of the manufacturing of those goods to places like China and India that are going to produce those products in a less environmentally friendly way. And do you agree with this notion that this approach harms not just the environment, but also our own U.S. economy? Pruitt I believe, Senator, that it puts us in an economic disadvantage when we don’t hear all voices in the rulemaking process with respect to these issues, absolutely. Part 2 17:04 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse: Let me just ask you this as a hypothetical: if you had raised significant amounts of money for the Rule of Law Defense Fund from corporations who will be subject to EPA’s regulation, before EPA, with matters before EPA, might that place you in a conflict of interest? Scott Pruitt: The EPA ethics counsel has said—and by the way, these are career individuals as you know, Senator. Justina Fugh is a career person at EPA ethics, and so as they’ve reviewed these potential conflicts, I’ve disclosed all entities I’ve been affiliated with. Whitehouse: I understand that, but I’m asking you if you think it might place you in a conflict of interest, because we both understand that the ethics rules that the EPA’s enforcing predate Citizens United, predate dark money, and they’ve said in the letter that they aren’t even looking at that because they don’t have the authority to. That doesn’t mean it’s not a conflict of interest; it means that the regulatory authority on government ethics hasn’t caught up with this post-Citizens United, dark-money world. Pruitt: I think— Whitehouse: My question is, you’re a lawyer, you know conflicts of interest, you’ve been an attorney general, might it be a conflict of interest, within your definition of the term, if you had raised significant amounts of money for this Rule of Law Defense Fund and they’ll have business before EPA with you? Is that a potential conflict of interest? Pruitt: I think Justina Fugh actually did address those entities to the degree that I was never an officer of the super PAC that you referred to earlier, the Liberty 2.0, and so they looked at those entities to determine— Whitehouse: The question was fund raising. Pruitt: They looked at those entities— Whitehouse: That’s the question we don’t have any answers on is what you raised. Pruitt: They looked at those entities to determine what the nature of my relationship was and then indicated that those would have to be evaluated in the future as cases arose, and— Whitehouse: Right now, the chairman asked you a question which is, are there matters that might place you in a conflict of interest that you have not disclosed? You answered no. Might not having raised significant money—let’s say $1 million, let’s say you made a call to Devon Energy and said, I did you letter for you, RAGA needs a lot of money, we’ve got this dark-money thing where we can launder your identity clean off it, and the money will go into RAGA, I need a million bucks out of you—might that not create a conflict of interest for you if that were the facts? Pruitt: Ms. Fugh has indicated in her letter to me—again, these are career individuals at EPA ethics—that if particular matters involving specific parties arise in the future, it will be evaluated at that point, but I want to call into account— Whitehouse: But how will they know if you’re not willing to disclose that you raised the hypothetical million dollars from Devon Energy? Pruitt: Well, those aren’t even covered entities under her letter at this point. Whitehouse: That's my point. Pruitt: But it’s factual— Whitehouse: But that may very well create a conflict of interest, mightn’t it? Pruitt: Senator, I did not serve in an office or capacity at that entity. In fact, I was not [unclear] in any way— Whitehouse: You’ve said that already, too, but that also is not the question. The question is a very simple one: did you raise money for the Rule of Law Defense Fund from entities that will appear before EPA as potential defendants in subjects of regulation, and if so, how much, and what did you tell them, and what did you ask? It seems to me that’s not an unusual or— Pruitt: The Rule of Law Defense Fund, according to Ms. Fugh, would need to be a party in the future for that to be an issue. That’s what she’s indicated in her letter to me. Whitehouse: So— Pruitt: At the time— Whitehouse: So let me— Pruitt: —if issues arise in the future, I will seek the counsel of EPA ethics and follow the advice of those career folks to make a decision and recuse if necessary. That is— Whitehouse: But at this point— Pruitt: —something I commit to doing. Whitehouse: At this point, what I deduce from your statement is that if that set of hypothetical facts were true, if you had raised a million dollars from a big energy corporation to go through the Rule of Law Defense Fund to support your efforts at RAGA, that that is not something anybody should care about, even if that corporation is before you at EPA and subject to your regulation at EPA. Pruitt: Well, I think something that, if presented in the future, Justina Fugh and myself, EPA ethics would evaluate that, and I would take the appropriate steps to recuse if they told me to do so. Whitehouse: But how would it be presented in the future if you’re not willing to present it now? Pruitt: If there’s a matter— Whitehouse: Why does it matter in the future and not now? Pruitt: If there’s a matter or cast that comes before the EPA’s authority, that would be something. There’s ongoing—as you know, Senator, Ms. Fugh indicated this in her letter—there’s ongoing obligations that I will have, if confirmed as administrator, to bring those kinds of matters to attention of EPA ethics. Whitehouse: Well, for what it’s worth, I think that the Senate has a role in policing this as well, that the whole purpose of advice and consent and the reason there are these government ethics filings is so we can look at this exact question, and the fact that they haven’t been updated to take into account dark money and all these big political organizations that have been created with dark money doesn’t take away our Senate obligation to find out what conflicts of interest you will bring to the position of administrator. And it gives me very little comfort that you’re not willing to answer those questions here. My time has expired. I’ll continue in other rounds. 1:07:50 Senator Ed Markey: Do you support the current California waiver for greenhouse gas standards? Scott Pruitt: Senator, that’s what would be evaluated, and I think it’s very difficult, and we shouldn’t prejudge the outcome in that regard if confirmed as administrator. Markey: So you’re questioning the current waiver. You don’t think they’re entitled to the current waiver. Pruitt: Well, the waiver is something that’s granted on an annual basis, and the administrator would be responsible for making that decision. Markey: Yeah. And so you say you’re going to review it. Pruitt: Yes, Senator. Markey: Yeah. And when you say review, I hear undo the rights of the states, and I think to a certain extent that it’s troublesome because, obviously, what we’ve heard all day is how much you support states’ rights when it comes to these issues, but now when it comes to the right of California or Massachusetts and other states to be able to reduce carbon pollution, you’re saying you’re going to review that. So my problem really goes to this double standard that is created that when you sue from the Oklahoma perspective, from the oil and gas industry perspective, and you represent Oklahoma, you say they have a right to do what they want to do in the state of Oklahoma. But when it comes to Massachusetts or it comes to California, and it comes to the question of those states wanting to increase their protection for the environment, protect their victimization from carbon pollution, you say there you’re going to review. 1:51:58 Senator Jim Inhofe: The cost of regulations: as you know, the Supreme Court overturned the EPA’s Mercury and Air Toxics—that’s MATS—rule in 2015 because the EPA failed to—ignored the fact that the cost was $9.6 billion annually of the rule. Now, in fact, the EPA’s regularly issued rules over the past eight years that are very costly for our industries and our job creators. According to the CRS—now, CRS, when they make an evaluation, are much more conservative, the figure is always a very conservative figure, but they said the Clean Power Plan would be at least $5 billion to $8 billion a year. The figures I’ve heard on that are far greater because it wouldn’t be that much different than the old systems that they tried to do through legislation: the methane standards on oil and gas facilities, $315 million a year; the new ozone standards, $1.4 billion; the 2015 coal ash standards, $587 million a year; and the 2011 sulfur dioxide standards, $1.5 billion a year. Now, when you hear this, all this money is being spent on compliance costs by our job creators, people out there that are working for a living, and they’re hiring people. What are you thoughts, and what do you believe should be the role of the costs of EPA’s decision making? Pruitt: I think it’s very important in the rule-making process, Senator, and the Supreme Court and courts have recognized that very important factor. 1:54:46 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse: We have been talking about fundraising done by you for the Rule of Law Defense Fund during the time when you were both a board member and for a full year the chairman of the Rule of Law Defense Fund and the fact that we have exactly zero information in this committee about that fundraising. We also have zero—and let me ask unanimous consent for the page from— Chairman Barrasso: Without objection. Whitehouse: —the filing that discloses that he was in fact a member of the board of directors and chairman of the Rule of Law Defense Fund. We also have a meeting agenda from the Republican Attorney Generals Association during a time that you were executive committee member of the Republican Attorney Generals Association meeting at The Greenbrier, which I’ll stipulate for my friend from West Virginia is a lovely place to go, and the agenda, which I’d like to take this page of and put into the record, mentions a private meeting with Murray Energy. It mentions a private meeting with Southern Company. It mentions a private meeting with the American Fuel Petrochemical Manufacturers. If you’ll show the graphic, these are all the same groups that I’d been asking about in terms of your fundraising for the Rule of Law Defense Fund, and there’s Murray Energy, and there’s Southern Company, and I’m sure the American Fuel Petrochemical Manufacturers represent a lot of the others. As I understand it, we know nothing—no minutes, no statements, no reports—about what took place in those meetings that are described as private meetings on a sheet that is stamped “confidential.” Correct? We know nothing about the content of those meetings. Scott Pruitt: Senator, I didn’t generate the document. I know nothing about how that document got generated or what— Whitehouse: Are you denying that those private meetings took place? Pruitt: No, Senator. I just didn’t generate the document and don’t know about the content other than what you’ve represented. Whitehouse: Okay. And we don’t know. And because you were on the executive committee of RAGA, that’s information that we could get, right? I mean, it’s available, if there were minutes or reports out of those meetings, notes taken; but we don’t have them, correct? Pruitt: Senator, that would be a request made to the Republican Attorney Generals Association. And I might add, the Republican Attorney Generals Association, there’s a Democrat Attorney Generals Association as well. 1:59:43 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse: Given how many of these groups have important financial interests before the EPA, do you not think that 3,000 emails back and forth between you and your office and them are relevant to potential conflict of interest as an administrator and should be before us as we consider this? Scott Pruitt: Again, I think the EPA ethics council has put out a very clear process with respect to covered entities, as we described earlier, and on particular matters and specific cases, I will follow advice of that EPA career person, ethics, to make sure that there are recusing [unclear]— Whitehouse: You keep saying that, but the problem is— Chairman Barrasso: The senator’s time has expired. Whitehouse: Will you finish my sentence? Barrasso: Please do. Whitehouse: The problem with that is that if you haven’t disclosed any of this information, then the EPA ethics council would have no idea to even look. They would have no idea what the risks are. You can’t say, nobody can look at whether I did this, but by the way, they’re going to look at it. It just doesn’t add up. 2:12:30 Senator Jeff Merkley: Ten years ago we were talking about models that led to the conversation Senator Inhofe had about Climategate, about wrestling with assumptions and models. We don’t need models now; we have facts on the ground: the moose are dying because the ticks aren’t being killed by the winter being cold enough, the fish are migrating on the Atlantic coast, and Maine’s losing its lobsters to Canada. These facts on the ground are extraordinarily real, they have a huge economic impact, and shouldn’t we take a very serious approach to the urgency of this problem as we see it descending upon us? Scott Pruitt: Senator, I think the EPA—and if confirmed [missing audio] and obligation to deal with the issue. The Massachusetts v. EPA case says that CO2 is a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, and as such, that’s what generated the 2009 endangerment finding. So I think there is a legal obligation presently for the EPA administrator to respond to the CO2 issue through proper regulations. Cover Art Design by Only Child Imaginations

Eva Silva is the voice and face of the California Hemp Alliance, a non profit trade group acting in proxy for the industrial hemp industry and its possible applications. Eva has lived the life of a serial entrepreneur, writing for various magazines around the world, produced documentaries on hemp and has even earned an Emmy award as a student for her documentary about teenage alcoholics in 1989. Eva continues to advocate strongly for naturopathic medicine, children's rights, and animal welfare. She continues to model professionally as well. You could say Eva is an incredibly well rounded human being and you'd only be touching the surface. 2:00 Rob is a massive narcissist. Eva still models, freelance. Skype calls Eva is uncomfortable being interviewed. Red Creek Reserve. Consultants. 5:40 Eva's background. Interviews patients and advocates. CBD's. Cannabidiol. Eva is a writer! Metaphors. Lit major in college, no pun intended. 8:00 It's all about the dollar. Internship at ABC San Diego. Morning show. If it leads it bleeds. Still a raw experience. Sexual abuse. Internet frees us. Respect. 14:00 Classmates in college jealous. Crusaders. Idealistic. Single mothers. 15:15 Regret? Friendships. Youth and idealism. Universities. Literature and writing. 16:20 Experiences that changed her world view. Early memories. Eva's father, free spirit. Hippie. Research scientist. First memory at 3 years old. Father grabbed leaf and showed veins to Eva. Hunting and fishing. Indigenous. Sustenance. 18:40 Passion for cannabis industry. Receptors. Like cures like. Remedies. Rob believes in a Creator. We are all connected. Energy. Complexity. 21:00 We are made to put natural products in ourselves. Consumerism. 22:00 Cigarettes are poison. Marijuana seen as bad for us. Opium.22:47 Dr Bob Melamede. DNA repair. Cancer. Born with receptors. Immune system. 26:00 San Diego. 29:35 Plant science. Edibles. 30:20 Compelled into advocacy by friend's struggle with cancer and by concern over youngest son. 32:05 Conservative freak out! Run away from the podcast! 34:00 Alternatives. Stop being afraid. Rob doesn't understand Cannabis, but believes in value. 36:10 Hemp: no high. CBD products: no high. Marijuana has THC and hybrid strains built for the 'high.' 37:30 Marijuana illegal due to political lobby from paper/newspaper industry. 1938 tax act. Hemp was largest agricultural crop. Used to be government regulated. Rob assumed tax issues. Hearst had lobby power. 42:30 Hempcrete. Takes poisons out of environment. Can build home with it. Carbon neutral. Fire resistant. 45:40 Donald Trump and the Mexican hemp wall. 46:25 Influences? James Taylor and lyrics. Father read to sister and her. Watership Down. 48:00 Just be a good parent. Be present. 51:40 Kevin Lynch and the Quell Foundation. 53:30 Brains require fat. CBD's need to be absorbed into the body.56:00 Mental acuity. P90X. Dehydration. Hemp seeds. 3 to 1 for Omega's. Essential fatty acids. Most nutritious seed in the world. Digestible. Basically, the best thing you can consume. 58:00 California Hemp Alliance. 1:00:00 Hemp burns long and hot. Almost a perfect natural resource. 1:01:00 Rob makes Eva uncomfortable for being pretty. 1:05:45 Connection to the sports and entertainment business. Boo Williams from New Orleans Saints. CTE. Athlete's wellness center. Retired NFL players do one thing and then what? Adulation and then nothing. Degenerative tissue. Concussions. 1:12:30 Eddie Vedder is famous because he's on TV. Intensely private. Love for celebrity. 1:15:20 Eva trying to change the world in her way. Casino tribes. White Plume hemp victory. Pine Ridge Reservation. Unemployment. 1:20:00 Little Big Horn battlefield and monument. Ghosts. Spirit world. Darkest place in the world. Crow Agency a sad little place. Reservations are garbage dumps and people live there. Such sadness. 1:22:30 We learn very little of value in school. No finance. Racism. New math. Common core bull crap. 1:24:00 Life changers. Advocacy is everything. Do for others. Be a Superhero. Purpose driven. Best of the best. Vistage. Peer advisory groups. Executive coaching. Increase our power. Subscribe to the show here:Itunes: https://apple.co/2OR4kVx Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3qHHFZHDeezer: https://bit.ly/3srQ3grPodchaser: https://bit.ly/2NG2UwLGoogle: https://bit.ly/3uIQVzkJioSaavn: https://bit.ly/387Y2HGTumblr: https://bit.ly/3ka5IhjBook a show with us: https://calendly.com/rockstarsuperheroinstituteCopyright Rockstar Superhero 2021 - All Rights ReservedBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/rockstar-superhero--4792050/support.

Eva Silva is the voice and face of the California Hemp Alliance, a non profit trade group acting in proxy for the industrial hemp industry and its possible applications. Eva has lived the life of a serial entrepreneur, writing for various magazines around the world, produced documentaries on hemp and has even earned an Emmy award as a student for her documentary about teenage alcoholics in 1989. Eva continues to advocate strongly for naturopathic medicine, children's rights, and animal welfare. She continues to model professionally as well. You could say Eva is an incredibly well rounded human being and you'd only be touching the surface. 2:00 Rob is a massive narcissist. Eva still models, freelance. Skype calls Eva is uncomfortable being interviewed. Red Creek Reserve. Consultants. 5:40 Eva's background. Interviews patients and advocates. CBD's. Cannabidiol. Eva is a writer! Metaphors. Lit major in college, no pun intended. 8:00 It's all about the dollar. Internship at ABC San Diego. Morning show. If it leads it bleeds. Still a raw experience. Sexual abuse. Internet frees us. Respect. 14:00 Classmates in college jealous. Crusaders. Idealistic. Single mothers. 15:15 Regret? Friendships. Youth and idealism. Universities. Literature and writing. 16:20 Experiences that changed her world view. Early memories. Eva's father, free spirit. Hippie. Research scientist. First memory at 3 years old. Father grabbed leaf and showed veins to Eva. Hunting and fishing. Indigenous. Sustenance. 18:40 Passion for cannabis industry. Receptors. Like cures like. Remedies. Rob believes in a Creator. We are all connected. Energy. Complexity. 21:00 We are made to put natural products in ourselves. Consumerism. 22:00 Cigarettes are poison. Marijuana seen as bad for us. Opium.22:47 Dr Bob Melamede. DNA repair. Cancer. Born with receptors. Immune system. 26:00 San Diego. 29:35 Plant science. Edibles. 30:20 Compelled into advocacy by friend's struggle with cancer and by concern over youngest son. 32:05 Conservative freak out! Run away from the podcast! 34:00 Alternatives. Stop being afraid. Rob doesn't understand Cannabis, but believes in value. 36:10 Hemp: no high. CBD products: no high. Marijuana has THC and hybrid strains built for the 'high.' 37:30 Marijuana illegal due to political lobby from paper/newspaper industry. 1938 tax act. Hemp was largest agricultural crop. Used to be government regulated. Rob assumed tax issues. Hearst had lobby power. 42:30 Hempcrete. Takes poisons out of environment. Can build home with it. Carbon neutral. Fire resistant. 45:40 Donald Trump and the Mexican hemp wall. 46:25 Influences? James Taylor and lyrics. Father read to sister and her. Watership Down. 48:00 Just be a good parent. Be present. 51:40 Kevin Lynch and the Quell Foundation. 53:30 Brains require fat. CBD's need to be absorbed into the body.56:00 Mental acuity. P90X. Dehydration. Hemp seeds. 3 to 1 for Omega's. Essential fatty acids. Most nutritious seed in the world. Digestible. Basically, the best thing you can consume. 58:00 California Hemp Alliance. 1:00:00 Hemp burns long and hot. Almost a perfect natural resource. 1:01:00 Rob makes Eva uncomfortable for being pretty. 1:05:45 Connection to the sports and entertainment business. Boo Williams from New Orleans Saints. CTE. Athlete's wellness center. Retired NFL players do one thing and then what? Adulation and then nothing. Degenerative tissue. Concussions. 1:12:30 Eddie Vedder is famous because he's on TV. Intensely private. Love for celebrity. 1:15:20 Eva trying to change the world in her way. Casino tribes. White Plume hemp victory. Pine Ridge Reservation. Unemployment. 1:20:00 Little Big Horn battlefield and monument. Ghosts. Spirit world. Darkest place in the world. Crow Agency a sad little place. Reservations are garbage dumps and people live there. Such sadness. 1:22:30 We learn very little of value in school. No finance. Racism. New math. Common core bull crap. 1:24:00 Life changers. Advocacy is everything. Do for others. Be a Superhero. Purpose driven. Best of the best. Vistage. Peer advisory groups. Executive coaching. Increase our power. Subscribe to the show here:Itunes: https://apple.co/2OR4kVx Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3qHHFZHDeezer: https://bit.ly/3srQ3grPodchaser: https://bit.ly/2NG2UwLGoogle: https://bit.ly/3uIQVzkJioSaavn: https://bit.ly/387Y2HGTumblr: https://bit.ly/3ka5IhjBook a show with us: https://calendly.com/rockstarsuperheroinstituteCopyright Rockstar Superhero 2021 - All Rights Reserved