Podcasts about Kelantan

Hey before I begin I just want to thank all of you who have joined the patreon, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what other figures, events or other things you want to hear about in the future and I will try to make it happen.   If you are a long time listener to the Pacific War week by week podcast over at KNG or viewer of my youtube channel you have probably heard me talk about Tomoyuki Yamashita, the Tiger of Malaya quite often. It goes without saying when it comes to Japanese generals of WW2 he stands out. Not just to me, from the offset of the war he made a large impression on westerners, he achieved incredible feats early on in the war. Now if you look up books about him, you will pretty much only find information in regards to his infamous war crimes trial. Hell it was so infamous the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes, whereby a commanding officer is legally responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by his subordinates, was created. This is known as the command responsibility or “the Yamashita standard”. His court case was very controversial, he remains a controversial figure, certainly to the people of territories he campaigned in, but I think what can be said of him the most is he was special amongst the Japanese generals. Anyways lets get the show on the road as they say.   So who was Yamashita? When he was 59 years old commanding forces in the Philippines against General Douglas MacArthur, he weighed 220 ls and stood 5 feet 9 inches. His girth pressed out against his green army uniform. He had an egg shaped head, balding, wide spaced eyes and a flat nose. He wore a short mustache, sort of like Hitlers, until it grayed then he shaved it off. He was not a very attractive man, Filipinos referred to him as “old potato face” while Americans called him “a florid, pig faced man”.   Tomobumi Yamashita was born in 1885, he was the second son of Dr. Sakichi Yamashita and Yuu Yamashita in Osugi village, on Shikoku island. Like most males of his day he was indoctrinated into military preparatory school from a young age. Yamashita had no chosen the army as a career, in his words ‘my father suggested the idea, because I was big and healthy, and my mother did not seriously object because she believed, bless her soul, that I would never pass the highly competitive entrance examination. If I had only been cleverer or had worked harder, I would have been a doctor like my brother”Yamashita would graduate from the 18th class of the IJA academy in november of 1905, ranked 16th out of 920 cadets.    In 1908 he was promoted to the rank of Lt and during WW1 he fought against Imperial German and Austro-Hungarian forces in the famous siege of Qingdao, which if you are interested I did an episode over on my Youtube channel about this battle. Its a very overlooked battle, but many histories firsts occurred at it like the first carrier attack. In 1916 he was promoted to captain and attended the 28th class of the Army War college to graduate sixth in his class that year. He also married Hisako Nagayama in 1916, she was the daughter of the retired General Nagayama.    It seems Yamashita's brush against the Germans in 1914 had a huge influence on him, because he became fascinated with Germany and would serve as assistant military attache at Bern and Berlin from 1919-1922. He spent his time in Germany alongside Captain Hideki Tojo, both men would run into each other countless times and become bitter rivals. Both men toured the western front, visiting Hamburg and witnessed first hand the crippling inflation and food prices that came from Germany's defeat. Yamashita said to Tojo then “If Japan ever has to fight any nation, she must never surrender and get herself in a state like this.” He returned to Japan in 1922, was promoted to major and served a few different posts in the Imperial Headquarters and Staff College. Yamashita became a leading member of the Kodoha faction, while Tojo became a leading member of the rival Toseiha faction. In 1927 Yamashita was sent again to Europe, this time to Vienna as a military attache. Just prior to departing he had invested in a business selling thermometers starting by one of his wife's relatives, the business failed horribly and Yamashita was tossed into debt, bailiffs literally came to seize his house. As told to us by his biographer “For a regular officer to have contracted such a debt, however innocently, was a disgrace. He felt he should resign his commission.” Yamashita's brother refused to allow him to quit, instructing him to leave for Vienna, while he resolved his debts. His days in Vienna were the best of his life, professed Yamashita. He studied economics at Vienna university and made friends with a Japanese widow, who introduced him to a German woman named Kitty and they had an affair. This would spring forward his reputation as an eccentric officer. Yamashita was obsessed over hygiene,and refused to eat fruit unless it was thoroughly washed. He avoided ice water, hated dancing and never learnt how to drive a car. One of his most notable quirks was his habit of falling asleep often during meetings where he legendarily would snore. Like I may have said in previous podcast and youtube episodes, this guy was quite a character, often described as a big bear.    Now this is not a full biography on Yamashita so I cant devolve to far into things, such as his first fall from grace. During the February 26th coup incident of 1936, Yamashita was a leading member of the Kodoha faction and helped mediate a peaceful end to the standoff, however in truth he was backing the coup. He simply managed to not get caught red handed at the time doing too much for the mutineers, regardless he lost favor with the outraged Emperor and many young captains whom he loved like sons killed themselves in disgrace. If you want to know more about the February coup of 1936, check out my series on Emperor Hirohito or General Ishawara, they both talk about it in depth and touch upon Yamashita's role a bit.    The coup led to the dissolvement of the Kodoha faction and the dominance of the Toseiha, led by Tojo. Yamashita tried to resign from the IJA, but his superiors dissuade him. He was relegated to a post in Korea, which honestly was a punishment. Yamashita would say “When I was posted to Korea, I felt I had been given a tactful promotion but that in fact my career was over. Even when I was given my first fighting company in North China, I still felt I had no future in the Army, so I was always on the front line, where the bullets flew the thickest. I sought only a place to die.”  He had some time to reflect upon his conduct while in Korea, he began to study Zen Buddhism. He was promoted to Lt General in November of 1937 and when the China war broke out he was one of those speaking out that the incident needed to end swiftly and that peaceful relations must be made with the UK and US. He received a unimportant post in the Kwantung army and in 1938 was assigned command of the IJA 4th division. He led the forces during in northern china against insurgents until he returned to Tokyo in July of 1940. His fellow officers lauded him as Japan's finest general. Meanwhile Tojo had ascended to war minister and one of his first moves was to send a delegation to Germany. Tojo considered Yamashita a ruthless and forceful commander and feared he would become a powerful rival against him one day. Yamashita would go on the record to say then “I have nothing against Tojo, but he apparently has something against me.” You see, Yamashita had no political ambitions, unlike Tojo who was by nature a political monster. “My life, is that of a soldier; I do not seek any other life unless our Emperor calls me.” In late 1940, Tojo asked Yamashita to lead a team of 40 experts on a 6 month train tour of Germany and Italy, a move that kept him out of Tokyo, because Tojo was trying to solidify his political ambitions. This is going to become a looming theme between the two men.   He was presented to Adolf Hitler in January of 1941, passing along messages from Tojo and publicly praising the Fuhrer, though privately he was very unimpressed by the man  “He may be a great orator on a platform, with his gestures and flamboyant way of speaking. But standing behind his desk listening he seems much more like a clerk.” Hitler pressed upon him to push Japan to declare war on Britain and the US. At the time of course Japan was facing China and had two major conflicts with the USSR, thus this was absolutely not in her interest. “My country is still fighting in China, and we must finish that war as soon as possible. We are also afraid that Russia may attack us in Manchuria. This is no time for us to declare war on other countries.” Yamashita hoped to inspect Germany's military techniques and technology to help Japan. Hitler promised open exchanges of information stating “All our secrets are open to you,”, but this would prove to be a lie. “There were several pieces of equipment the Germans did not want us to see. Whenever I tried to persuade the German General Staff to show us things like radar—about which we had a rudimentary knowledge—the conversation always turned to something else.”   Yamashita met with field Marshal Hermann Goring who gave him an overview of the war in europe. Goring would complain about Yamashita falling asleep during lectures and meetings and he believed the man was drunk often. Yamashita met Benito Mussolini in June of 1941 receiving a similar rundown to what he got in Germany. Yamashita visited Kitty in Vienna for a quick fling, but overall the trip deeply impacted Yamashita's resolve that Japan should stay out of the Europeans war and that Germany made a grievous error invading the USSR in June of 1941. This is what he said the members of the commission “You know the results of our inspection as well as I do. I must ask you not to express opinion in favor of expanding the alliance between Japan, Germany and Italy. Never suggest in your report that Japan should declare war on Great Britain and the United States. We must not and cannot rely upon the power of other nations. Japan needs more time, particularly as there may be aggression against us from Russia. We must have time to rebuild our defense system and adjust the whole Japanese war machine. I cannot repeat this to you often enough.” His report was similar, and it really pissed off Tojo who was trying to develop plans for a war against America. Yamashita would then get exiled to Manchuria in July of 1941, but Tojo's resentment towards him could only go so far, because Yamashita was one of their best generals and in his planned war against Britain and America, he would need such a man.   Yamashita's time in Europe reshaped his views on how to conduct war. He saw first hand blitzkrieg warfare, it seems it fascinated him. He consistently urged the implementation of new proposals calling for the streamlining of air arms; to mechanize the Army; to integrate control of the armed forces in a defense ministry coordinated by a chairman of Joint Chiefs of staff; to create a paratroop corps and to employ effective propaganda. Basically he saw what was working for the Germans against the allies and wanted Japan to replicate it. Tojo did not like many of the proposal, hated the fact they were coming from Yamashita, so he obviously was not keen on making them happen. Luckily for Yamashita he would be given a chance to implement some of his ideas in a big way.   On November 6th of 1941, Lt General Yamashita was appointed commander of the 25th Japanese army. His orders were to seize the Malay Peninsula and then the British naval base at Singapore. The Malaya Peninsula snakes 700 miles south of Thailand, a rugged sliver of land that constricts at its narrowest point to about 60 miles wide. It hold mountains that split the peninsula in half, some going as high as 7000 feet. During this time Malaya produced around 40% of the worlds rubber, 60% of its tin, two resources vital for war. At its very southern tip lies Singapore, a diamond shaped island connected to the mainland by a 1115 stone causeway. Singapore's largest asset was its naval base guarding the passage from the Pacific and Indian oceans. Together Malay and Singapore represented the key to controlling what Japan called the Southern Resource Area.   Singapore was known as the gibraltar of the east for good reason. It was a massively fortified naval base. The base had been developed between 1923-1938 and cost 60 million pounds, around 2 billion pounds today. It was 21 square miles, had the largest dry dock in the world, the 3rd largest floating dock and enough fuel tanks to support the entire royal navy for 6 months. She was defended by 15 inch naval guns stationed at the Johre battery, Changi and Buona vista battery. And despite the infamous myth some of you may have heard, these guns were fully capable of turning in all directions including the mainland. For those unaware a myth perpetuated after the fall of Singapore that her large 15 inch guns could not turn to the mainland and that this spelt her doom, no it was not that, it was the fact they mostly had armor piercing shells which are using to hit ships and not land targets. Basically if you fire an armor piercing shell at land it imbeds itself then explodes, while HE shells would have torn any Japanese army to pieces. Alongside the 15 inch monsters, there were countless other artillery pieces such as 9.2 inch guns. By December of 1941 Malaya and Singapore held 164 first line aircraft out of a total of 253 aircraft, but many of the fighters were the obsolete Brewster F2A Buffalo, a pretty slow, fat little beast that could take a licking as it was armored, but against the Zero fighter it was unbelievably outmatched in speed and maneuverability.    The Japanese acquired a major gift prior to the outbreak of war. On november 11th, 1940, the SS Automedon, a German raider attacked the HMS Atlantis which was carrying documents intended for the British far east command. The documents indicated the British fleet was not going to help Singapore; that Britain would not declare war if Thailand was invaded and that Hong Kong was expendable. The Germans gave the documents to the Japanese who were very excited by the information.    Starting in January of 1941, Colonel Masanobu Tsuji led the Taiwan Army Research section based on Formosa to investigate how a campaign could be waged in Malay and Singapore. His findings on the defenses of Malay and Singapore were summed up in these 3 points: 1. Singapore Fortress was solid and strong facing the sea, but vulnerable on the peninsular side facing the Johore Strait;  Newspaper reports of a strong Royal Air Force (RAF) presence were propaganda;  Although British forces in Malaya numbered from five to six divisions (well over 80,000 men), less than half were Europeans.    Now just a little bit about Tsuji as he was to become the chief of staff operations and planning under Yamashita. Tsuji was extremely insubordinate and a political schemer. He was a Toseiha faction fanatic, loyal to Tojo and thus definitely an enemy to Yamashita. Yamashita wrote of Tsuji in his war diary “is egotistical and wily. He is a sly dog and unworthy to serve the country. He is a manipulator to be carefully watched.” Tsuji would go on to have a infamous reputation for ordering atrocities in the name of his superiors, often without them knowing and this would be very much the case under Yamashita. Now using Tsuji's intelligence Yamashita began plans at his HQ at Samah, a port on Hainan island, starting in November of 1941 on how to launch the campaign. He was initially offered 5 divisions for the invasion, but he felt he could accomplish the objective with only three. There are a few reasons why he believed this; first, Tsuji's research suggested the peninsula roads would be the center of the battlefront and that the flanks would extend no more than a km or so to the left or right due to the dense jungle terrain (in fact Yamashita was planning to assault from the jungle specifically); 2nd intelligence indicated the defending troops were not of the highest caliber (the British were busy in Europe thus many of the troops in southeast asia were poorly trained, half were british regulars the rest were Australian, Indian and Malayan); 3rd Yamashita was aware “the Japanese army were in the habit of flinging more troops into the battle than could possibly be maintained” boy oh boy tell that one to the future boys on Guadalcanal. Thus he calculated 3 divisions was the maximum to be fed, equipped and supplied. Based on his recommendations the 25th army was created with 3 divisions; the 5th under Lt General Takuma Matsui; 18th under Lt General Renya Mutaguchi and the Imperial guards division of Lt General Takuma Nishimura. Supporting these would be two regiment of heavy field artillery and the 3rd tank brigade. Something that made Yamashita's campaign quite interesting was the usage and amount of tanks. He was invading with around 200 or so tanks consisting of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, type 97 Chi-Ha and Type 89 I-Go medium tanks and Type 97 Te-Ke tankettes. For aircraft he had the 3rd Air division, 459 aircraft strong with an additional 159 aircraft from the IJN to support them. The 3rd air division had a variety of aircraft such as Nakajima Ki-27 Nate's, Nakajima ki-43 Oscars, Kitsubishi ki-51 Sonia's, Kawasaki ki-48 Lily's, Mitsubishi ki-21 sally's, Mitsubishi ki-30 Ann's, Mitsubishi ki-15 babs and Mitsubishi ki-46 dinahs. For the IJN it was the 22nd air flotilla using Mitsubishi G3M1 Nell's, Mitsubishi A5M4 Claudes and some A6M Zeros. To say it was a lot of firepower at his disposal is an understatement, Yamashita was packing heat, heat he could use in a blitzkrieg fashion.   His staff at Samah identified 5 operational objectives: 1 Simultaneous capture of Singora and Patani, Thailand and Kota Bharu, Malaya.  2 Capture of all enemy airfields in southern Thailand and Malaya.  3 Occupation of Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.  4 Occupation of Johore Bahru, and control of Johore Strait.  5 Conquest of Singapore.    Colonel Tsuji, appointed Chief of Operations and Planning for the 25th Army, proposed the following plan which was readily approved:  Land the main strength of the 5th Division simultaneously and without warning at Singora and Patani, and at the same time land a powerful section of the 18th Division to attack Kota Bharu.  The troops disembarked at Singora and Patani to press forward immediately to attack the line of the Perak River Hand capture its bridge and the Alor Star aerodrome.  The troops landed at Kota Bharu to press forward along the eastern coast as far as Kuantan.    The landing at Kota Bharu, the only one in Malaya was expected to be opposed and quite risky. But if it was successful, it would create a useful diversion away from the main force landings in Thailand.   The landings took place around 2:15am local time on December 8th, about an hour and 20 minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The landings went largely unopposed, except at Kota Bahru where the Japanese saw heavy resistance. The British had anticipated this landing point and created operation Matador, a plan to pre-emptively invade southern thailand to secure defensive lines against the Japanese, however this plan was never accepted by British high command for obvious political reasons. But on December 5th, with a Japanese invasion looking certain, suddenly London gave permission to the Far east commanders to decide if Operation matador should be activated or not. The commander in Malaya, General Arthur Percival recommended forestalling it, fearing to violate Thai sovereignty, which ultimately would be the doom of a defense for Malaya.   At the battle of Kota Bharu, the 9th infantry division of Major General Barstow attempted holding off the Japanese from taking the important Kota Bharu airfield. The 8th brigade of Billy Key had fortified the beaches with pillboxes, barbed wire and land mines. The Japanese took heavy losses, but they were able to find gaps and fill them up until Brigadier Key had to ask permission to pull out. The royal air force at Kota Bharu tossed Hudson bombers to hit the troop transports, but it was a suicide mission to do so. Meanwhile the IJA 5th division landed at Pattani and Songkhla in Thailand while the Imperial guards division marched over the border from French Indochina. The Japanese encountered very little resistance, the leader of Thailand Plaek Pibulsonggram had been trying to get assurances from the allies and Japanese all the way up until the invasion, once the Japanese landed he knew his best option was to play nice and sign an armistice. This basically spelt doom for malaya as the Japanese were given access to Thailand's airfields which they used to smash the forward airfields in Malaya.   The first day of aerial encounters were a catastrophe for the British. General Percival would comment “The rapidity with which the Japanese got their air attacks going against our aerodromes was quite remarkable. Practically all the aerodromes in Kelantan, Kedah, Province Wellesley, and Penang, were attacked, and in most cases fighters escorted the bombers. The performance of Japanese aircraft of all types, and the accuracy of their bombing, came as an unpleasant surprise. By the evening our own air force had already been seriously weakened.” Brigadier Key withdrew after causing an estimated 800 casualties upon the Japanese while taking roughly 465. While Kota Bharu was being fought over, Percival unleashed Operation Krohcol, a 2.0 of Matador seeing British forces cross into Thailand to intercept the incoming enemy. It was an absolute disaster, the British attackers were defeated not only by the Japanese 5th division, but some Royal Thai police also defended their territory. The operation had basically become a race to who could seize the important focal point first and the Japanese took it first thus winning decisively. To add to that misery, force Z, consisting of the battleship HMS Prince of Wales,, battlecruiser Repulse and 4 destroyers tried to intercept the Japanese invasion fleet only to be utterly destroyed by overwhelming Japanese airforces.   Within 4 days of the landings, the 5th division advanced from Singora through the town of Jitra to capture the RAF airfield at Alor star, around 100 miles away. Yamashita managed this using flanking techniques that saw his army take town after town and airfield after airfield. There were numerous natural obstacles to the advance such as dense jungles, very long supply lines, torrential rain and heat, but he had a secret weapon, bicycles. At Jitra Percival made his first major stand. Holding Jitra would safeguard the northern airfields of Malaya, but it was a folly to do so as the airfields in question were not provided adequate aircraft and the British lacked something extremely important to be able to defend themselves, tanks. Colonel Tsuji saw the fighting at Jitra first hand and reported “Our tanks were ready on the road, and the twenty or so enemy armored cars ahead were literally trampled underfoot … The enemy armored cars could not escape by running away, and were sandwiched between our medium tanks … It was speed and weight of armor that decided the issue.” The British had spread themselves far too thinly across a 14 mile front with jungle on their right flank and rubber plantations and mangrove swamps to their left. Yamashita used a innovative blitzkrieg like tactic, he combined his air, artillery, tanks and bicycle infantry to punch holes in concentrated attacks forcing allied defenders to withdraw. As Percival would write later in his memoirs “This withdrawal would have been difficult under the most favorable conditions. With the troops tired, units mixed as the result of the fighting, communications broken and the night dark, it was inevitable that orders should be delayed and that in some cases they should never reach the addressees. This is what in fact occurred … the withdrawal, necessary as it may have been, was too fast and too complicated for disorganized and exhausted troops, whose disorganization and exhaustion it only increased”    Yamashita had ingeniously thought of employing large numbers of bicycles for his infantry so they could keep up momentum and speed with his mechanized forces. Oh and he didn't bring thousands of bicycles over to Malaya, the real genius was that they were there ready for him. His intelligence prior to the invasion indicated nearly all civilians in malaya had bicycles, so when the Japanese came over they simply stole them. Half of Yamashitas troops moved in motor vehicles while the rest road on 18,000 bicycles. As noted by Tsuji “With the infantry on bicycles, there was no traffic congestion or delay. Wherever bridges were destroyed the infantry continued their advance, wading across the rivers carrying their bicycles on their shoulders, or crossing on log bridges held up on the shoulders of engineers standing in the stream.” They Japanese overwhelmed the defenders who were forced to fight, flee into the jungles or flee along the roads where they were simply outsped by the faster Japanese. The defenders left numerous stores of food, abandoned vehicles, and supplies that Yamashita's men would dub “churchill's allowance”. British Lt Colonel Spencer Chapmanwas forced to hide on the sides of roads watching Japanese pedal past remarking “The majority were on bicycles in parties of forty or fifty, riding three or four abreast and talking and laughing just as if they were going to a football match.” The Japanese had the ability to carry their gear on the bicycles, giving them an enormous advantage over the allies fleeing on foot. The Japanese could travel faster, further and less fatigued. When the British destroyed 250 bridges during their flight, “the Japanese infantry (to continue) their advance, wading across the rivers carrying their bicycles on their shoulders, or crossing on log bridges held up on the shoulders of engineers standing in the stream”. The British could not escape the bicycle blitzkrieg as it became known, countless were forced to surrender under constant pressure and relentless pursuit.    Alongside the bicycle warfare, whenever Yamashita faced terrain unsuitable for his tanks, he ordered amphibious landings further south to outflank the enemy's  rear.   Meanwhile the war in the air went equally terrible for the allies. The RAF had pulled back its best pilots and aircraft to deal with the war for Britain against the Luftwaffe. 21 airfields were in Malaya and Singapore, few of them had modern facilities, only 15 concrete runways. The heavy rain made the grass airstrips unusable. All the airfields were allocated around 8 heavy and 8 light anti aircraft guns. Quality radar units were completely inadequate. The Super Spitfires and Hyper Hurricanes were mostly in Britain fighting the Germans, while Buffaloes were allocated to Malaya. The Japanese airforces easily overcame the allied opposition and established air superiority quickly. Launching from airfields in Vietnam, they bombed all the airfields into submission and continuously applied pressure to Singapore. . The aerial dominance of the Zero and ‘Oscar' fighters served to undermine the morale of the British infantryman on the ground. As historian H. P. Wilmot has observed, “in the opening phase of the war the Zero-sen was just what the Japanese needed, and the Allies were devastated by the appearance of a ‘super fighter.' To add insult to injury, every airfield taken starting at the most northern going further and further south towards Singapore offered the Japanese new launching points to make for faster attack.   Yamashita's forces reached the southern tip of the peninsula in just 8 weeks, his men had covered some 700 miles, about 12 miles a day on average. They fought 95 large and smaller battles doing so. Multiple lines of defense were erected one after another to try and halt the Japanese advance, to kill their momentum. Starting at the beach landings, to Jitra, then to Kampar, over the Slim river, then Johor. The British failed to employ “leave behind forces” to provide guerilla warfare in lost territories leading not only the Japanese to easily consolidate their gains, the Thai's also came down and grabbed some territory. At the battle of Muar Major General Gordon Bennet deployed the allied defenders south of the Muar River and it was widely believed here they would finally halt the Japanese. Then the Imperial Guards division outflanked them performing an amphibious landing and advancing down the coastal route. The 5th Japanese division followed a parallel route through the center and the 18th division landed near Endau. The allies were thus surrounded and took heavy casualties, countless were forced to flee through swamps and thick jungle abandoned their stuff. Gordons 45th brigade were absolutely shattered, effectively disbanded and left north of the Muar river as the rest of the allies fled south. The defeat at Muar broke the British belief they could hold even a toehold on Malay. Percivals strategy to fight delaying actions until the arrival of reinforcements to Singapore had fatally undermined his troops ability to hold onto defensive positions. As the British governor of the Johore straits settlement, Sir Shenton Thomas would say on January 6th ‘“We … have gone in for mechanized transport to the nth degree. It is a fearsomely cumbersome method. We have pinned our faith to the few roads but the enemy used tracks and paths, and gets round to our rear very much as he likes.”” Yet alongside the conquest came a series of atrocities.    At the Parit Sulong Bridge south of the Muar, Captain Rewi Snelling was left behind with 150 wounded Australian and Indian soldiers not able to trek south. The Imperial guards division herded them into buildings, denied them medical treatment, many of the Indians were beheaded, others shot. This become known as the parit sulong massacre. Its hard to saw what Yamashita would have known about this incident, it technically was under the command of Takuma nishimura. On January 22nd, Nishimura gave the orders for prisoners to be forced outside, doused with petrol and set on fire. Nishimura would be sentenced to life in prison by a Singapore court, but on a flight back to Japan he was hijacked by Australian military police in Hong Kong who grabbed him and held a trial for the Parit Sulong massacre, finding him guilty and hanging him on june 11th of 1951.    When the Japanese reached the straits of Johore, Yamashita took several days to perform reconnaissance, allowing his forces to regroup and prepare to attack the massive fortress. His plan for the invasion would see the Imperial guards perform a feint attack on the northeast side of Singapore, landing on the nearby Palau Ubin island on february 7th. The 5th and 18th division would remain concealed in the jungle until the night of the night of the 8th when they would cross the Johore and hit the northwest side of Singapore. The causeway to Singapore had been blown up by the retreating British, but the ability for Singapore to defend itself from a northern attack was lackluster. When Churchill was told by Wavell the Japanese sat on the other side of the Johore strait ready to attack the fortress he said ““I must confess to being staggered by Wavell's telegram. It never occurred to me for a moment that … Singapore … was not entirely fortified against an attack from the Northwards …””   With barely enough supplies or logistical support for his campaign, Yamashita's rapid advance down the Malay peninsula walked a tightrope of what was possible. His 70,000 men of which 30,000 were frontline troops had overcome a British force double their number. In Japan he garnered the epithet “Tiger of Malaya”, which ironically he was not too happy about. Later on in the war he would bark at a German attache “I am not a tiger. The tiger attacks its prey in stealth but I attack the enemy in a fair play”.   By this point Singapore had swollen from a population of 550,000to nearly a million. Percival had a total of 70,000 infantry of mixed experience plus 15,000 clerks and support staff to man lines if necessary. 38 battalions, 17 Indian, 13 British, 6 Australian and 2 Malayan. He placed his weakest troops west of the causeway, near the abandoned naval base rather than nearby the airfield which he considered was going to be Yamashita's thrust. He placed his best forces over there, which would prove fatally wrong as Yamashita hit west of the causeway. Yamashita meanwhile could only muster 30,000 troops, he was outnumbered 2:1 and amphibious assaults called for the attacker to hold a 2:1 advantage for success. Yamashita's men were exhausted, they had suffered 4565 casualties, roughly 1793 deaths in their 55 day advance south. Worse yet, Yamashita had a critical supply issue. He had greatly exceeded his supply lines and had been surviving on the abandoned churchill stores along the way. His ammunition was critical low, it is said he was down to 18 functional tanks, allowing his men to fire 100 rounds per day, the fuel ran out, and as Yamashita put it “My attack on Singapore was a bluff—a bluff that worked. I had 30,000 men and was outnumbered more than three to one. I knew that if I had to fight for long for Singapore, I would be beaten. That is why the surrender had to be at once. I was very frightened all the time that the British would discover our numerical weakness and lack of supplies and force me into disastrous street fighting.” He told his men of the 5th and 18th division not to build any cooking fires so they could conceal their positions in the jungle as he gathered hundreds of collapsible boats and other crafts to ford the strait. He gathered 40 divisional commanders and senior officers to a rubber plantation and with a flushed red face read out his attack orders while pouring them Kikumasamune (ceremonial wine). He made a traditional toast and said “It is a good place to die; surely we shall conquer”. He had to get the British to surrender quickly, he had to essentially ‘bluff” his enemy. He had to make the British think he was fully armed and supplied for a prolonged siege, how could he do so? He fired his artillery like a mad man, knowing full well they would run out of shells.   Starting on February 3rd,  Yamashita's artillery supported by aerial bombings hit Singapore for 5 days. On the night of the 7th, 400 Imperial Guards crossed to the Ibin island performing their feint attack. Percivals attention was grabbed to the east successfully, while on the night of the 8th the 5th and 18th divisions assembled carefully at the water's edge. At 8:30pm the first wave of 4000 Japanese troops crossed the Johore strait aboard 150 small vessels. The noise of their engines was drowned out by artillery. The thinly spread Australian lines, 3000 or so men led by Major General Bennet were breached fast leading to pockets of surrounded australian troops. As Lewis Gunner cliff olsen recalled “We were horribly spread out and it was pitch black and they [Japanese troops] were very hard to see. They walked through us half the time.” A beachhead was formed, a soon 14,000 Japanese had crossed by dawn.    Communications broke down for the allies, Percival unwilling to believe the Japanese's main thrust was in the west declined to send reinforcements there. When he did finally realize the main thrust was in the west he began to withdraw troops from quiet sectors and built up a reserve. The Japanese held air supremacy and their artillery was fierce. The big 15 inch guns of singapore held mostly armor piercing shells designed to hit ships, there were few HE shells available. When they fired upon the Japanese the shells would hit the ground they would embed deeply before exploding doing little damage. The defenders had no tanks, basically no more aircraft. The last departing ships fled the scene as everything was burning chaos around them. Morale was breaking for the defenders. By the 9th, Japanese bombers were raining bombs on allied positions unopposed. Bennet was forced to pull men back to a new line of defense from the east of the Tengah airfield to the north of Jurong. Poor communications hampered the northern sector of Brigadier Duncan Maxwell whose troops actually battered the hell out of the Imperial Guards who had landed at 10pm on the 9th. The Imperial guards gradually managed a foothold on a beach, but Maxwell feared encirclement and withdrew his men against direct orders of Bennet. The retreat opened up the flank of the 11th indian division who were overrun. All of the beaches west of the causeway fell to the enemy, when they did Yamashita brought over his tanks to smash the new Jurong line. The Japanese could have potentially stormed the city center at this point, but they held back, because in reality, Percival had created a formidable reserve in the middle. The Australian 22nd brigade took the brunt of the fighting.    Yamashita was running out of reserves and his attacks were reaching their limit, but he needed the battle to end swiftly. Yamashita was shocked and shaken when he received a report that the British troop strength within the city was twice what they believed. With covert desperation, Yamashita ordered his artillery to fire until their last rounds and sent Percival a demand for surrender. “In the spirit of chivalry we have the honour of advising your surrender. Your army, founded on the traditional spirit of Great Britain, is defending Singapore, which is completely isolated, and raising the fame of Great Britain by the ut¬ most exertions and heroic feelings. . . . From now on resistance is futile and merely increases the danger to the million civilian inhabitants without good reason, exposing them to infliction of pain by fire and sword. But the development of the general war situation has already sealed the fate of Singapore, and the continuation of futile resistance would only serve to inflict direct harm and in¬ juries to thousands of non-combatants living in the city, throwing them into further miseries and horrors of war. Furthermore we do not feel you will in¬ crease the fame of the British Army by further resistance.”   Singapore had received another order prior to this from Churchill “It is certain that our troops on Singapore Island greatly outnumber any Japanese that have crossed the Straits. We must defeat them. Our whole fighting reputation is at stake and the honour of the British Empire. The Americans have held out on the Bataan Peninsula against far greater odds, the Russians are turning back the picked strength of the Germans, the Chinese with almost complete lack of mod¬ ern equipment have held the Japanese for AVi years. It will be disgraceful if we yield our boasted fortress of Singapore to inferior enemy forces. There must be no thought ofsparing troops or the civil population and no mercy must be shown to weakness in any shape or form. Commanders and senior officers must lead their troops and if necessary die with them. There must be no question or thought of surrender. Every unit must fight it out to the end and in close contact with the enemy. ... I look to you and your men to fight to the end to prove that the fighting spirit that won our Empire still exists to enable us to defend it.”   What was Percival to do? The Japanese had seized control over Singapore water reservoirs, the population would die of thirst within 2-3 days. Japanese shells were causing fires and death everywhere. People were panicking, trying to get on the very last boats leaving the port, even though that surely meant death to the IJN. An American sailor recalled “There was a lot of chaos and people killed on the docks during these bombardments. Everywhere you looked there was death. Even in the water there were dead sharks and people floating all around.” Defeatism was endemic. Australian troops were overheard saying “Chum, to hell with Malaya and Singapore. Navy let us down, air force let us down. If the bungs [natives] won't fight for their bloody country, why pick on me?” Sensing a complete collapse Percival formed a tight defense arc in front of the city, and by the 13th his commanders were telling him they believed Singapore was already doomed. Wavell was asked for approval for surrender, but he replied  “to continue to inflict maximum damage on enemy for as long as possible by house-to-house fighting if necessary.” Percival then told him the water reservoirs were taken, so Wavell sent back “YOUR GALLANT STAND IS SERVING A PURPOSE AND MUST BE CONTINUED TO THE LIMIT OF ENDURANCE”   On the 15th, Percival held a morning conference reported there was no more fuel, field gun nor bofor ammunition. In 24 hours their water would be done. He told them he would ask for a ceasefire at 4pm, by the end of the day Wavell gave him permission to surrender. Over at his HQ on the Bukit Timah heights, Yamashita was staring at a Union Jack fluttering over Fort Canning. Then a field phone rang, and a frontline commander reported the British were sending out a flag of truce.   Meanwhile back on February the 14th, Japanese forces reached the Alexandra Barracks hospital at 1pm. At 1:40pm a British Lt greeting them waving a white flag and was bayoneted on the spot. The Japanese stormed the hospital and murdered the staff and patients. 200 male staff and patients, badly wounded were bound over night and marched to an industrial estate half a mile away. Anyone who collapsed was bayoneted. The survivors of the march were formed into small groups and hacked to death or bayoneted. For a few days over 320 men and women were massacred. Only 5 survivors would give recounts of the event. It is suspected by historians that Tsuji was the architect of the Alexandra hospital massacre. This is because he was the instigator of countless atrocities he ordered unbeknownst to his superior commanders such as Yamashita.    Percival was ordered to go to the Ford motor factory to where he met with Yamashita. Yamashita was hiding his surprise that the surrender party came and as he glanced at the surrender terms he said through his interpreter “The Japanese Army will consider nothing but surrender,” Yamashita knew his forces were on the verge of running out of ammunition and he still held half troops Percival did, he was anxious Percival would figure it out. Percival replied “I fear that we shall not be able to submit our final reply before ten-thirty p.m.,” Percival had no intention of fighting on he simply wanted to work out specific details before signing the surrender. Yamashita was sure Percival was stalling. “Reply to us only whether our terms are acceptable or not. Things must be settled swiftly. We are prepared to resume firing.Unless you do surrender, we will have to carry out our night attack as scheduled.”” Percival replied ““Cannot the Japanese Army remain in its present position? We can resume negotiations again tomorrow at five-thirty A.M”. Yamashita screamed “Nani! I want the hostilities to cease tonight and I want to remind you there can be no arguments.” Percival replied ““We shall discontinue firing by eight-thirty p.m. Had we better remain in our present positions tonight?” Yamashita said yes and that firing would cease at 8:30pm and that 1000 allied men could keep arms to maintain order within the city. Yamashita stated “You have agreed to the terms but you have not yet made yourself clear as to whether you agree to surrender or not.” Percival cleared his throat and gave a simple nod. Yamashita looked at his interpreter “There's no need for all this talk. It is a simple question and I want a simple answer.” He turned to Percival and shouted, “We want to hear ‘Yes' or ‘No' from you! Surrender or fight!” Percival finally blurted out  “Yes, I agree. I have a request to make. Will the Imperial Army protect the women and children and British civilians?”Yamashita replied  “We shall see to it. Please sign this truce agreement”. At 7:50 the surrender was signed off, 40 minutes later Singapore was in the hands of the Japanese. In 70 days Yamashita took at the cost of 9824 casualties, had seized Malaya and Singapore, nearly 120,000 British surrendered. It was the greatest land victory in Japanese history.   Churchill called the fall of Singapore to the Japanese "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history" Churchills physician Lord Moran wrote The fall of Singapore on February 15 stupefied the Prime Minister. How came 100,000 men (half of them of our own race) to hold up their hands to inferior numbers of Japanese? Though his mind had been gradually prepared for its fall, the surrender of the fortress stunned him. He felt it was a disgrace. It left a scar on his mind. One evening, months later, when he was sitting in his bathroom enveloped in a towel, he stopped drying himself and gloomily surveyed the floor: 'I cannot get over Singapore', he said sadly   With the fall of singapore came another atrocity, the Sook Ching massacre. After February 18th, the Japanese military began mass killings of what they deemed undesirables, mostly ethnic Chinese. It was overseen by the Kempeitai and did not stop in Singapore, but spread to Malaya. It seems the aim of the purge was to intimidate the Chinese community from performing any resistance. According to postwar testimony taken from a war correspondent embedded with the 25th army, Colonel Hishakari Takafumi, he stated an order went out to kill 50,000 Chinese, of which 20 percent of the total was issued by senior officials on Yamashita's operations staff, most likely Tsuji. It is certain at the behest of Tsuji the orders were extended to Malay. The death toll is a tricky one, the Japanese went on the record to admit to 6000 murders, the Singaporean Chinese community and the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew allege 70,000-100,000. Historians analyzing the scale of discovered mass graves after some decades think around 25,000-50,000. How much Yamashita knew of the massacre is debatable, the orders came from his office after all, but it seems Tsuji had orchestrated it. Many of Japan's generals wanted Yamashita to be appointed war minister, a move that obviously threatened then Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, who feared his rival. Tojo retaliated, ordering Japan's new war hero back to Manchuria. On the surface, the assignment appeared worthy as Yamashita would serve as the first line of defense against a possible Soviet invasion. But since the two nations had signed a neutrality pact in April 1941, and Soviets were bogged down fighting the Germans, immediate war appeared unlikely. In reality, Tojo had parked Yamashita on the war's sidelines. Tojo went even further, he barred Yamashita any leave in Tokyo, preventing him from visiting his wife as well as from delivering a speech he had written for the emperor. No worries though, an aide of Yamashita's sent him three geishas. Allegedly he said this “I know they want to please me with these girls. But send them back—and don't forget to tip them.” The Tiger of Malaya would maintain a low profile in Manchuria where he received a promotion to full General. As months fell to years Yamashita sat on the sidelines helpless to aid the Japanese forces. His exile would come to an end in 1944 when Tojo was outed and the Tiger was required to try and save the Philippines from General Douglas MacArthur.

Seorang pemuda dari Selangor pernah menuntut di sebuah sekolah pondok di Kelantan pada tahun 90-an. Di sana, dia bersama sahabatnya mula mengalami gangguan aneh selepas seorang rakan memakan siput gondang dari sungai berhampiran — tempat yang dikatakan menjadi “istana jin”.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Yirmibir Bitcoin Podcast'inin "Bitcoin ve İslam" serisinin bu bölümünde, küresel Riba sorununa karşı Müslümanların altın standardını yeniden canlandırma girişimlerini ve neden başarısız olduklarını ele alıyoruz.Bu bölümde, önde gelen İskoç Müslüman alim Şeyh Abdulkadir es-Sufi tarafından kurulan Murabitun hareketi inceleniyor. Es-Sufi, modern finans sisteminin temelinde Riba'nın yattığını ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun bile faizli borçlar nedeniyle çöktüğünü savundu. Hareket, halifeliği yeniden kurmak ve altın dinar ile gümüş dirhemi kullanarak faizsiz bir sistem oluşturmak için Zekat'ın altın ve gümüşle ödenmesini temel aldı. Malezya'nın Kelantan eyaletinde ve E-Dinar elektronik sisteminde kısmi başarılar elde edilse de, Şeyh Abdulkadir es-Sufi'nin 2014'te bu hareketten kamuoyu önünde feragat etmesi bir dönüm noktası oldu. Es-Sufi, altın standardının modern dünyada mevcut itibari para sistemiyle etkileşime girmeden çalışamayacağını ve altın değerinin Batı standartlarınca belirlendiği sürece bağımsızlığın mümkün olmadığını anladı.Ayrıca, Muammer Kaddafi'nin Afrika'yı tek bir altın destekli para birimi altında birleştirme planlarını ve Libya'nın yüklü altın rezervlerini ele alıyoruz. Bu iddialı proje, 2011 NATO müdahalesiyle akamete uğradı ve merkeziyetçi ulus-devlet yapılarının dış müdahalelere ne kadar açık olduğunu gösterdi. Son olarak, terör örgütü DEAŞ'ın (ISIS) altın dinarı yeniden çıkarma çabaları inceleniyor. DEAŞ, altın parayı zorunlu kılsa da, kendisi bile finansal olarak hala dolara bağımlıydı ve halk da itibari parayı tercih etti.Kaynaklar, bu Müslüman temelli altın standardı girişimlerinin, altının bölünemezliği, taşınabilirliği gibi doğal sınırlamaları ve anında takas edilememesi nedeniyle başarısız olduğunu belirtiyor. Bu fiziksel sınırlamalar, işlemleri yönetmek için merkezi kurumların gerekliliğini doğurur, bu da onları hükümet müdahalesine karşı savunmasız kılar. Tüm bu girişimler, küresel Riba temelli finans sisteminin egemenliğini kırmada başarılı olamamıştır. Bu durum, Riba sorunuyla mücadele için eski teknolojilere bağlı kalmak yerine, yeni ve yaratıcı yaklaşımlar geliştirmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır.Kaynak

PEN America (see last week's This Way Out) teams up with queer Los Angeles writers for readings from some of the most targeted works threatened by the rise in book bans (correspondent/participant Jason Jenn interviews organizer Hank Henderson and author Abdi Nazemian). And in NewsWrap: police in the Malaysian state of Kelantan are investigating themselves after raiding an official HIV/AIDS prevention event they thought was a “gay sex party,” a ruling striking down two statutes that criminalize Hong Kong's trans people for using sex-segregated public facilities is suspended for a year to allow for the government to respond, a nonbinary U.S. citizen can temporarily stay in Canada after a judge delays their removal proceedings, gay Venezuelan makeup artist Andry José Hernández Romero is back in his hometown while his advocates continue to seek a safe place, Kentucky county clerk Kim Davis tries to get the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn marriage equality in her ongoing appeal of the court-ordered damages from a lawsuit by the gay couple whose marriage license she denied, and more international LGBTQ+ news reported this week by Tanya Kane-Parry and Michael LeBeau (produced by Brian DeShazor). All this on the July 28, 2025 edition of This Way Out! Join our family of listener-donors today at http://thiswayout.org/donate/

Jonatan Lucca, meio-campista brasileiro nascido em 2 de junho de 1994, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, atualmente joga pelo Pakhtakor FC, no Uzbequistão. Com 1,84 m de altura, Lucca é conhecido por sua versatilidade no meio-campo, com habilidade tanto na defesa quanto no ataque. Ele ingressou no Pakhtakor em 12 de janeiro de 2025, após uma passagem vitoriosa pelo AVS FC (Portugal).A trajetória de Lucca no futebol começou nas categorias de base do Internacional, no Brasil. Em julho de 2012, transferiu-se para a A.S. Roma, na Itália, onde fez parte do elenco durante a temporada 2012-2013, embora não tenha disputado nenhum campeonato. Posteriormente, retornou ao Brasil, onde jogou pelo Athletico Paranaense e pelo Guaratinguetá. Sua carreira também inclui passagens pela Índia, pelo FC Goa e pelo FC Pune City, pela Malásia, pelo Kelantan, por Portugal, pelo B-SAD e pelo Farense, e pela Noruega, pelo Stabæk.Desde que chegou ao Pakhtakor, Lucca tornou-se um jogador-chave no meio-campo. Na temporada de 2025, ele participou da Superliga do Uzbequistão, da Copa do Uzbequistão e da Liga dos Campeões da AFC.

Der Pontianak – Eine Legende aus SüdostasienIn dieser Folge tauchen wir tief in die Legende um den Pontianak ein – eine unheimliche Geistergestalt aus den Mythen Malaysias, Indonesiens und Singapurs. Seit Generationen erzählen sich Menschen von einer wunderschönen Frau mit langen, schwarzen Haaren und glühend roten Augen, die nachts auf einsamen Straßen und in dunklen Wäldern ihr Unwesen treibt.Gemeinsam gehen wir den Ursprüngen dieser faszinierenden Geschichte auf den Grund, erzählen euch, woran man laut Legende erkennt, dass ein Pontianak in der Nähe sein könnte, und sprechen über Zeugenberichte, wie etwa diesen spektakulären Vorfall an einer Schule in Kelantan, der sogar die Medien beschäftigte:Artikel der Straits Times.Macht es euch gemütlich – heute wird's richtig gruselig!-----WERBUNG-----✨ Werbung ✨Kennt ihr schon die wunderbaren Düfte von AVA & MAY? Egal ob du dich nach Abenteuer, Entspannung oder Fernweh sehnst – mit den Duftkerzen, Raumsprays und Raumdüften reist du in Sekunden rund um die Welt, ganz bequem von zu Hause aus!Und das Beste:Mit unserem exklusiven Code PARA50 erhältst du satte 50 % Rabatt auf das gesamte Sortiment!

We delve into the hidden treasures of the Nenggiri River caves and the looming environmental threats posed by the RM5 billion Nenggiri Hydroelectric Project in Kelantan. While the dam is expected to generate renewable energy, create 2,000 new jobs, and mitigate flood issues, it comes at a steep cost. For the Orang Asli in Gua Musang, this project will submerge 5,834 hectares of their ancestral forests, forcing them from their homeland and erasing vital traces of Temiar history. Joining us are Gideon Lim and Nicholas Tan, co-founders of the Malaysia Carnivorous Plants group (MyCP), who embarked on an expedition to explore these ancient caves back in 2022. Together, they share their firsthand experiences of discovering botanical wonders, some of which are found nowhere else on Earth, and shed light on the dam's irreversible impact on biodiversity, cultural heritage, and the lives of the indigenous Orang Asli communities.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Political Analysts & Academics Fui K Soong & Rita Sim - China Won't Protect Malaysia's Chinese  An eye-opening conversation that sought to begin with an exploration of the non-homogenous nature of Malaysia's Chinese (not all Chinese are the same!!) that morphed into the much more important discussion of Malaysia's position in a world of multiple superpowers and how we need to deal with the changing world order.  (Many thanks to CITYPlus for their collaboration with The Do More Podcast, in whose studio this conversation was recorded. CITYPlus is Malaysia's first Chinese business radio station, dedicated to delivering in-depth analysis on local and international current affairs, markets, and businesses.) CONTENTS  00:02:06 - Rita and Fui Introduce Themselves and Their Work  00:06:05 -  Not All Chinese in Malaysia Are the Same  00:09:50 - The Centuries-Old Three Pillars in the Chinese Community – GLOBALLY  00:13:16 - What People Need to Know About Malaysia's Chinese  00:20:52 - What Narratives Speak to ALL Chinese in Malaysia  00:23:35 - The Integration Ship has Sailed  00:24:10 - Class, Not Race, Is the Biggest Divider    00:27:13 - Malaysian Politics Has Significantly Changed in the Last 15 Years  00:29:31 - Ahead of the Next Elections, How Should the Malaysian Chinese Be Addressed?  00:34:10 - Do the Chinese REALLY Seek Out Integration, Cohesion?  00:38:46 - Geopolitical Risks Will Determine Life, Not Domestic Integration  00:39:51 - Sabah, Sarawak: Secession. What's the Temperature? 00:41:21 - Regional Blocs Might Develop: Sarawak With Singapore. South China Sea Is In Play ..  00:43:00 - East Malaysia Is In The Eye of The Storm  00:43:27 - A New Team Might Form: Johor, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak (Or Maybe Not)  00:44:05 - Sabah and Sarawak Do Not Always See Eye to Eye  00:44:27 - Johor and Sarawak Seem To Be Getting More Autonomous, Responding to Geopolitics  00:47:52 - What Singapore Sees in Johor, Both Are Inextricable  00:48:39 - What Are The Possibilities of this Union - In the Context of a Federated Malaysia  00:40:50 - Putrajaya Is Too Busy to Intervene ..  00:51:28 - Sabah Is A Bit of A Basket Case ..  00:52:45 - China and the US Have VERY Different Policy Plans  00:54:40 - No Empires Go Down Without a Fight, There is TOTAL Distrust   00:58:17 - How Malaysia Interplays With China's 50-Year Plan  01:02:10 - Kedah, Kelantan, Perak, etc Will FLY if Kra Happens  01:04:04 - How Will US Polls Pan Out?  01:07:17 - Can the US Afford A World War? Does the Dollar Break?  01:09:35 - Malaysia, Jaundiced, Does Not Have a WorldView  01:11:00 - How Unstable Will The Next Ten Years Be?  01:12:09 - Are There Any Malaysian Leaders With A Worldview  01:13:38 - How Should Individuals Position / Prepare For An Uncertain Future?  01:15:36 - Malaysia's Chinese Don't Trust China (!)   01:15:58 - China's Chinese Are In Bed With Malaysia's Chinese: T/F?   01:17:20 - Non-Chinese in Malaysia Need to Realise: China Will Not Protect Malaysia's Chinese   01:18:40 - Malays Are Seeing that China Might Help Resolve the Middle East ..  01:21:00 - Does China Take Taiwan By Force? Is a Great War Coming?  01:25:07 - Russia and China Are Forging New, Deep Ties ..  01:27:55 - The Great War Has Already Started - And It's Already Kinetic  FOLLOW RITA HERE  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rita-sim-98b7a74b/  Rita's G1-G2-G2 Podcast on BFM in 2010: https://www.bfm.my/podcast/morning-run/the-breakfast-grille/rita-sim-ong-kian-ming  FOLLOW FUI HERE:  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fui-k-soong-467b9524  IG: https://www.instagram.com/fuisoong/  FOLLOW CITYPLUS HERE:  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cityplusmy   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@CITYPlusFM   Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cityplus_my   Follow Chuang here:  URL: http://www.domore.my/   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hsu-chuang-khoo-ab199343/    FB: https://www.facebook.com/khoo.chuang/   IG: https://www.instagram.com/khoohsuchuang/   Follow DoMore here:  WEBSITE: https://www.domore.my/   YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/c/DoMoreTakeChargeofYourLife   ITUNES: https://apple.co/2lQ47mS   GOOGLE PLAY: https://bit.ly/3b1l8iO   SPOTIFY: https://tinyurl.com/y6zufvcp   PODBEAN: https://domoreasia.podbean.com/   INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/domore.asia/  

The Nenggiri state by-election in Kelantan saw Barisan Nasional beating Perikatan Nasional with a 3,352 vote majority in a straight fight. Political scientist, Dr Azmil Tayeb, associate professor at Universiti Sains Malaysia analyses the results with PN marking its worst by-election performance since GE15 and whether or not this signals a resurgent BN and Umno.Image Credit: shutterstock.com

MALAM SERAM, PODCAST CERITA SERAM | BUKAN SEKADAR CERITA SERAMSuka bacaan kisah-kisah seram, sila subscribe ke saluran Malam Seram! Malam Seram LIVE show Isnin hingga Khamis 11 malam dan Jumaat 11.59 malam MALAM SERAM adalah segmen LIVE perkongsian pengalaman seram dan misteri. Anggap ia hanya sekadar perkongsian sahaja. Jangan mudah percaya dan terlalu taksub dengan apa yang anda dengar! MALAM SERAM The Horror Talk Show Bukan Sekadar Cerita Seram.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/malam-seram--3347472/support.

Facts & Spins for February 10, 2024 Top Stories: Imran Khan's allies take an early lead in Pakistan's election, a federal judge raises concerns about Joe Biden's age in the President's classified docs case, Benjamin Netanyahu says Rafah will be evacuated before Israel's offensive, the White House reacts to the dismissal of Ukraine's commander-in-chief, Malaysia's top court says some Islamic laws in Kelantan state are unconstitutional, Donald Trump soundly wins the Nevada GOP caucus, former Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan announces his Senate bid, Tucker Carlson releases his interview with Vladamir Putin, a prominent climate scientist wins a $1M defamation suit, and Brazil declares a dengue public health emergency ahead of Carnival. Sources: https://www.verity.news/

Keputusan mekanisme subsidi bersasar minggu depan. Tarif pengguna domestik di Kelantan naik 23 sen setiap satu meter padu. KDNK dianggar berkembang 3.4 peratus. Kapal LCS pertama dijangka pada Mei atau Jun.

Antara fokus Awani Pagi bersama Nursyazwani Saiful Sham & Fahmi Izzuddin - Sistem PADU lancar, lebih 100,000 berjaya didaftar - Elaun khas penjawat awam sebelum pelarasan gaji wajar dipertimbang  - Banjir pulih di Kelantan, Pahang, Terengganu kembali banjir

Lima isu PADU, Rafizi beri jaminan semuanya diatasi segera.   Spekulasi berterusan, Sanusi dakwa tahu menahu mengenai Langkah Dubai Banjir surut tapi 56 kampung di Kelantan terputus hubungan akibat tanah runtuh.

Awani Pagi bersama Afiezy Azaman dan Azib Zikry menumpukan kepada perkembangan terkini banjir khususnya di Pantai Timur. Dua tetamu, Sabri Muhammad, Timbalan Pengerusi Persatuan Prihatin Apam Putera dan Tuan Hassan Tuan Mohammad, AJK Pengurusan PPS Kg Pinang Baru, Bukit Besi, Dungun #AWANInews #Banjir2023

Penyampai Fahmi Izzuddin dan Azib Zikry membawakan perkembangan terkini banjir di Pantai Timur bersama tetamu, Pegawai Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Jajahan Pasir Mas, Azizan Aziz dan Pengasas NGO ThirdForce, Raja Shamri Raja Hussin serta dua mangsa banjir masing-masing dari Tumpat dan Kuala Krai, Kelantan. #AWANInews

Awani Pagi bersama Afiezy Azaman dan Fahmi Izzuddin menumpukan kepada laporan perkembangan terkini banjir khususnya di Pantai Timur dengan tetamu DCP Datuk Mohd Khairi Khairuddin, Pengarah Seksyen Pelaksanaan Operasi, Agensi Pengurusan Bencana Negara (NADMA) dan Wan Zalilah Shafie, Penyelaras Third Force Pasir Mas. #AWANIPagi

The east coast states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang are seeing some of the worst flooding in recent years, with tens of thousands of people evacuated from their homes. We get updates on the situation on the ground with Dato' Dr Ahmad Faizal Mohd Perdaus of Mercy Malaysia, as well as recommendations for longer term policy action needed for flood mitigation. Image credit: Shutterstock.com

Every year, almost on schedule, parts of Malaysia get inundated causing untold damage and sometimes, tragically, loss of lives. This year is no different, with climate change playing a very noticeable part. Nora Kantin, an Orang Asli resident of Kampung Lambok in Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan is among those deeply affected by this natural disaster. She shares her experience.Image credit: Nora Kantin

Antara fokus Awani Pagi bersama Nursyazwani Saiful Sham & Fahmi Izzuddin;

Wakil Astro AWANI di Kelantan, Muhafandi Muhamad dan wakil Astro AWANI di Terengganu akan membawakan perkembangan terkini banjir di kawasan mereka, termasuk usaha digerakkan badan sukarela untuk membantu mangsa.

AWANI Borneo Jumaat, 15 Disember 2023 bersama Nickyson Nyambar  Kerajaan laksana subsidi tiket penerbangan melebihi RM599, tiga hari sebelum perayaan.  Dua lagi Batul Mahabbah tahun depan.  Amaran hujan berterusan di Sabah sehingga Selasa.

Laporan berita padat dan ringkas #AWANI745 bersama Luqman Hariz;

In this Thai news video, we're reporting on Thailand's new Duty-Free Haven that is scheduled to open in Thailand &bPattaya this year.This massive new Duty Free Haven will offer a huge variety of products and services, making it the perfect destination for travelers to Pattaya. With all the latest news and events in Pattaya, be sure to check out this video to stay up to date on all the latest Thailand news!--Illegal casino covered two leased hotel floorsSource - The Bangkok PostGovernment plots duty-free paradiseThe government has initiated a study aimed at transforming Thailand into a duty-free paradise, a crucial step in positioning the country as a prime tourism and shopping hub.Source - The Bangkok PostPM eyes tourism-crimping hazePrime Minister Srettha Thavisin on Wednesday voiced concern over the impact of PM2.5 pollution on Chiang Mai's tourism industry during the high season and pledged to hold talks with neighbouring countries...Source - The Bangkok PostConcert in Kelantan with sexy Thai dancers stirs controversyA concert featuring a well-known Thai folk songstress and scantily clad dancers at a Buddhist festival to celebrate Loy Krathong has stirred controversy in the conservative Malaysian state of Kelantan, according to Malaysian media.Source - Thai PBS World--Want to support the show? Then why not buy me a coffee! You can do so by following the link belowhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/thaiexpatshow--Interested in starting your own podcast like the Thai Expat Daily Show? I use Buzzsprout and I can't recommend it highly enough. It makes everything super easy. Sign up today to get on the path to making great podcasts!https://www.buzzsprout.com/?referrer_id=1751572--Check out our website and forum - https://www.thaiexpatdailyshow.com--LIKE & SUBSCRIBE for new videos every dayhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB8khQ_NapVMDiW09oqL-rw--Listen to our podcast on Spotify, Apple, and Amazon or on our podcast website: https://thaiexpatdailyshow.buzzsprout.com--Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/thaiexpatdailyshow--#thaiexpatdailyshow #thailandnews #newsinthailandSupport the show

Antara fokus Awani Pagi bersama Geegee Ahmad & Azib Zikry;

Laporan berita padat dan ringkas #AWANI745 bersama Dzulfitri Yusof  Tumpuan #AWANI745 malam ini: - Sultan Nazrin bimbang budi bahasa, sopan santun makin diketepikan elitis - Kerajaan peruntukan satu bilion, bantu orang kampung mula projek ekonomi - Amaran hujan lebat tahap bahaya di Kelantan dan Terengganu - 63 tebusan dan tahanan perang Palestin-Israel dibebaskan #AWANInews

Antara fokus Awani Pagi bersama Geegee Ahmad & Fahmi Izzuddin; 1. Perang Palestin-Israel: Jeda kemanusiaan di Gaza bermula 2. Perkembangan banjir di Kelantan & Terengganu 3. Laporan ancaman bom palsu di sekolah meningkat kepada 51

Antara fokus Awani Pagi bersama Nursyazwani Saiful Sham & Fahmi Izzuddin  - Hujan lebat berterusan tahap buruk dijangka di Terengganu, Kelantan hingga Isnin - Hari ketiga Istiadat Ulangan Penghulu Luak Tanah Mengandung Menghadap dan Menjunjung Duli  - Seminggu di meja merasai keistimewaan hidangan citarasa asli Itali #AWANInews

Panggung PUSAKA: Senandung Kota is a cultural festival celebrating Malaysia's living traditions, featuring masters of traditional arts from diverse communities across Malaysia including Main Puteri of Kelantan, Kuda Kepang of Johor, Dondang Sayang of Melaka, Mah Meri indigenous performers, Sumazau dancers of Sabah, Urumee Melum drummers, and Silat Jawi practitioners. Performances aside, there will also be a talk, a photography exhibition, and so much more, and we find out all about it from Pauline Fan, the Creative Director of cultural organisation, PUSAKA.Image Credit: PUSAKA

The final tally of the six state elections on Saturday resulted in a 3-3 tie, with Pakatan Harapan-Barisan Nasional retaining control of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Penang, while Perikatan Nasional held on to Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah. Although this status quo outcome was widely expected, what do the granular results indicate about voter sentiment towards the main actors in Malaysia's political theatre? We discuss the takeaways from the state elections with former Bangi MP Ong Kian Ming and the former Principal Private Secretary to the 8th Prime Minister Datuk Dr Marzuki Mohamad.

Three states in the Malay heartland will be heading to the polls this August 12th -- Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu -- and most of the data and analysis from GE15 are now no longer an indication of current support for different coalitions, or even the government. So what then is likely to shape Malay voting choices this time around? Dr Azmil Tayeb, Associate Professor in the School of Social Sciences at the Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. He is also a Visiting Research Fellow at ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute and has done extensive research on Islamic politics, social movements and local government politics in Malaysia and Indonesia.

With just under a month before voters in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu head to the polls to elect their representatives for the next 5 years, political parties are positioning themselves for battle. Eyes are on how a Pakatan Harapan-Barisan Nasional partnership might fare, whether or not Perikatan Nasional might make further in-roads post-GE15 and if MUDA's gamble to contest solo will bear fruit. Oh Ei Sun, Principal Adviser at Pacific Research Centre shares with us his views.Image by: Shutterstock

Ketahui berita yang anda perlu tahu hari ini bersama Hafizi Rosli & Fahmi Izzudin Antara fokus AWANI Pagi: - MCMC jelaskan ia tiada arahan halang, padam kandungan TikTok Sanusi  - Rafizi: Majoriti pengundi Kelantan tak puas hati dengan pentadbiran kerajaan negeri  -  Penerima Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah miskin tegar terima SARA RM600 hari ini #AWANIpagi #AWANInews

Six peninsular states will head to the polls on August 12th, as a total of 245 assembly seats will be contested in Kedah, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor. What is at stake for Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and his Unity Government? On this episode of #ConsiderThis Melisa Idris speaks to James Chin, Professor of Asian Studies at University of Tasmania in Australia.

Ketahui berita yang anda perlu tahu hari ini bersama Nur Syazwani Saifulsham & Hafizi Rosli Antara fokus AWANI Pagi : - Kepala air Jeram Mawar: Identiti lapan individu termasuk tujuh sekeluarga dikenal pasti - Dakwaan rasuah di KLIA: PM beri jaminan siasatan rapi akan dijalankan - Anak perantau Kelantan tempuh perjalanan panjang pulang ke ibu kota  #AWANIpagi #AWANInews

Ketahui berita yang anda perlu tahu hari ini bersama Afiezy Azaman & Nursyazwani Saiful Sham; 1. 2 pelajar minum air berkarbonat campur spirit meninggal dunia 2. Cuaca panas: 39 kes termasuk strok haba, Kelantan tertinggi 3. Hina Lans koperal: Pegawai polis wanita dipanggil bantu siasatan

Laporan berita padat dan ringkas #AWANI745 bersama Jasmine Abu Bakar  Tumpuan #AWANI745 malam ini:  

It is a two-cornered fight between PAS-Bersatu and BN-Pakatan Harapan in the upcoming state election in Kelantan. Will the unity government make inroads, or will we see a clean sweep of seats by the PAS-Bersatu coalition? For insights, we speak to Adib Zalkapli, Director of BowerGroupAsia.Image by: Shutterstock

Ketahui berita yang anda perlu tahu hari ini bersama Geegee Ahmad dan Hafizi Rosli  dalam #AWANIpagi  Antara fokus AWANI Pagi hari ini merangkumi:  - SOP COVID-19 diputuskan secara bersama hari ini    - Amaran hujan berterusan Sarawak, Sabah, Kelantan, Terengganu sehingga hari ini     #AWANInews #PantauKerajaanBaharu 

Laporan berita padat dan ringkas #AWANI745 bersama Nailah Huda Tumpuan #AWANI745 malam ini: - Rafizi Ramli tidak gentar dikecam, selepas kemuka saranan kawalan harga. - Polis minta semak semula garis panduan aktiviti lokasi risiko tinggi. - Minum dan basuh ... guna air banjir, derita mangsa di Kelantan.

1. KELANTAN, TERENGGANU TERIMA BANTUAN BANJIR RM50 JUTA 2. GELOMBANG BANJIR: KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN DIMINTA MOBILISASI TRAK ATM ESOK KE TERENGGANU 3. 28 PROJEK TEBATAN BANJIR DIBERIKAN SECARA ‘DIRECT NEGO' ZAMAN PN, ISHAM JALIL GESA PENJELASAN 4. MB PAHANG BERTEMU PM, BINCANG INISIATIF PEMAJUAN EKONOMI DAN LAPOR SITUASI BANJIR 5. KERAJAAN TELITI LANGKAH TERBAIK KURANGKAN BAJET RANGKUMAN 5 BERITA JAM 5 PETANG

Schools across Kelantan, Malaysia were shut down due to students and teachers having mass hysteria outbreaks after seeing and being possessed by evil spirits and demons.

In conjunction with Malaysia Day, two majestic cultural traditions are being performed - Seni Reog of Johor and Manora of Kelantan - right here in Kuala Lumpur. Said to naturally complement each other, with many points of confluence and comparison, the performances are part of Malam PUSAKA di Ruang Kota, a series of cultural evenings in our capital city, featuring performances by masters of living traditions from throughout Malaysia, and organised by cultural organisation PUSAKA. We get a 101 on these cultural performances and traditions from Pauline Fan, the Creative Director of PUSAKA.Image credit: Azizul Rahimee bin Wahab & Ahmad Fikry Anwar

Cultural heritage organisation PUSAKA was formally established by Eddin Khoo in 2002, though the work began much earlier in the 1990's. Focussed on championing Malaysia's intangible heritage - our local traditions and art forms - Eddin first started working with traditional masters from Kelantan, after the local government implemented a ban on some of the state's traditional arts. The small but formidable team behind PUSAKA, which includes creative director Pauline Fan, are celebrating their 'official' 20th anniversary this year, and the group are still dedicated to creating a comprehensive documentary archive of traditional performing arts in Malaysia, while strengthening the viability of these traditions at the community level. We catch up with both Eddin and Pauline to discuss how they continue to work to both preserve and revitalise Malaysia's cultural traditions.

Synopsis: In this special series, The Straits Times dives into some of the greatest unsolved mysteries in South-east Asia, and examines the underlying issues that they exposed.In this episode, we revisit the spate of mass hysteria in Malaysia's north-eastern state of Kelantan to find out why the disorder is more prevalent among schoolgirls.ST regional correspondent Jia Ning Tan speaks to Ustaz Abd Rashid Ahmad, faith healer and spokesman of an Islamic medical facility called Darussyifa, and Mr Robert Bartholomew, a medical sociologist and co-author of Mass Hysteria in Schools: A Worldwide History Since 1566.She also interviews a woman who had a brush with mass hysteria as a schoolgirl and wants to be identified only as Nur. Highlights (click/tap above): (Headphones recommended)1:53 The Ketereh Secondary School in Kelantan gripped by a fast-spreading screaming plague in July 20183:31 Students say they saw a tall, dark figure in the school compound4:57 Ustaz Abdul Rashid Ahmad says the tall, dark figure is an evil spirit that possesses the weak-minded9:29 Scientists conduct an experiment to prove that people could be tricked into perceiving ghosts11:52 Mr Bartholomew describes Kelantan's screaming schoolgirl occurrences as a collective stress reaction15:08 Girls and women are more likely to experience mass hysteria than men19:17 Nur says the mass hysteria episode that happened to her has left a permanent mark Produced by: Tan Jia Ning (jianing@sph.com.sg), Magdalene Fung (magfung@sph.com.sg), Ernest Luis, Penelope Lee and Teo Tong Kai Edited by: Teo Tong Kai Follow The Unsolved Mysteries Of South-east Asia podcast series here every third Tuesday of the month till July: Channel: https://str.sg/wuZ2 Apple Podcasts: https://str.sg/wu3W Spotify: https://str.sg/wuJ9 Google Podcasts: https://str.sg/wE7i SPH Awedio app: https://www.awedio.sg/ Website: http://str.sg/stpodcasts Feedback to: podcast@sph.com.sg Read Jia Ning Tan's articles: https://str.sg/wEq4 --- Discover ST's special edition podcasts: Singapore's War On Covid: https://str.sg/wuJa The Unsolved Mysteries of South-east Asia: https://str.sg/wuZ2 Stop Scams: https://str.sg/wuZB Invisible Asia: https://str.sg/wuZn --- Discover more ST podcast series: Asian Insider: https://str.sg/JWa7 Green Pulse: https://str.sg/JWaf Health Check: https://str.sg/JWaN In Your Opinion: https://str.sg/w7Qt Your Money & Career: https://str.sg/wB2m SG Extra: https://str.sg/wukR #PopVultures: https://str.sg/JWad ST Sports Talk: https://str.sg/JWRE Bookmark This!: https://str.sg/JWas The Big Story: https://str.sg/wuZe Lunch With Sumiko: https://str.sg/J6hQ Discover BT Podcasts: https://bt.sg/pcPL Follow our shows then, if you like short, practical podcasts! #unsolvedSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Synopsis: In this special series, The Straits Times dives into some of the greatest unsolved mysteries in South-east Asia, and examines the underlying issues that they exposed.In this episode, we revisit the spate of mass hysteria in Malaysia's north-eastern state of Kelantan to find out why the disorder is more prevalent among schoolgirls.ST regional correspondent Jia Ning Tan speaks to Ustaz Abd Rashid Ahmad, faith healer and spokesman of an Islamic medical facility called Darussyifa, and Mr Robert Bartholomew, a medical sociologist and co-author of Mass Hysteria in Schools: A Worldwide History Since 1566.She also interviews a woman who had a brush with mass hysteria as a schoolgirl and wants to be identified only as Nur. Highlights (click/tap above): (Headphones recommended)1:53 The Ketereh Secondary School in Kelantan gripped by a fast-spreading screaming plague in July 20183:31 Students say they saw a tall, dark figure in the school compound4:57 Ustaz Abdul Rashid Ahmad says the tall, dark figure is an evil spirit that possesses the weak-minded9:29 Scientists conduct an experiment to prove that people could be tricked into perceiving ghosts11:52 Mr Bartholomew describes Kelantan's screaming schoolgirl occurrences as a collective stress reaction15:08 Girls and women are more likely to experience mass hysteria than men19:17 Nur says the mass hysteria episode that happened to her has left a permanent mark Produced by: Tan Jia Ning (jianing@sph.com.sg), Magdalene Fung (magfung@sph.com.sg), Ernest Luis, Penelope Lee and Teo Tong Kai Edited by: Teo Tong Kai Follow The Unsolved Mysteries Of South-east Asia podcast series here every third Tuesday of the month till July: Channel: https://str.sg/wuZ2 Apple Podcasts: https://str.sg/wu3W Spotify: https://str.sg/wuJ9 Google Podcasts: https://str.sg/wE7i SPH Awedio app: https://www.awedio.sg/ Website: http://str.sg/stpodcasts Feedback to: podcast@sph.com.sg Read Jia Ning Tan's articles: https://str.sg/wEq4 --- Discover ST's special edition podcasts: Singapore's War On Covid: https://str.sg/wuJa The Unsolved Mysteries of South-east Asia: https://str.sg/wuZ2 Stop Scams: https://str.sg/wuZB Invisible Asia: https://str.sg/wuZn --- Discover more ST podcast series: Asian Insider: https://str.sg/JWa7 Green Pulse: https://str.sg/JWaf Health Check: https://str.sg/JWaN In Your Opinion: https://str.sg/w7Qt Your Money & Career: https://str.sg/wB2m SG Extra: https://str.sg/wukR #PopVultures: https://str.sg/JWad ST Sports Talk: https://str.sg/JWRE Bookmark This!: https://str.sg/JWas The Big Story: https://str.sg/wuZe Lunch With Sumiko: https://str.sg/J6hQ Discover BT Podcasts: https://bt.sg/pcPL Follow our shows then, if you like short, practical podcasts! #unsolvedSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The highest increases in poverty rates were in the states of Sabah, Sarawak, Kelantan and Kedah. We speak to Dato Dr Ahmad Faizal Mohd Perdaus, President of MERCY Malaysia to discuss why these states have been left behind in our move towards high income nation by 2025 and what can be done to rectify it.

Cara's dad told her not to use this stair at her old school, repetitively! What had happened there before? Isaac compiled his confessions during his 3 years working in this haunted office. Sighting of a little boy running around to a Miss P standing there, angrily. Boy told us his story of what happened when he went back to Kelantan for an event, staying in a old Kampung house. He heard woman humming in the middle of the night and other stories...It must be the Hantu! (ghost) Links: BUY US COFFEE! https://www.buymeacoffee.com/scfridaylive You can submit your confession here: Supernatural Confessions You can join our Facebook group here: SC Private Group, It must be the Hantu

Belum lagi genap seminggu berpuasa dah buat persiapan untuk cantik kan rumah. Relatable much? Dengarkan sketsa ini. Aku dengar bini dia selalu kena sampuk orang Kelantan kalau mintak duit nak belanja benda rumah. Sakit jantung!

In this episode, we'll meet Cik Siti Wan Kembang, who according to some sources was the ruler of the state of Kelantan from 1610 to 1677. Like the previous episode on Prinsesa Urduja of Tawalisi, fact meets fiction for Cik Siti Wan Kembang and her daughter Puteri Saadong. This month's ad is the History of Colonisation podcast! @hoc_pod is hosted by Nanyang Technological University student, Fidellithy. Please also check out Tuk Tuk Box's newsletter, "January: Royal(Teas) ft. HERstorySEA Podcast." Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, @herstoryseapod! For a copy of the show notes, a shout out at the end of the next episode, access to the resource library, regional current events updates, and the occasional bonus episode, join us on Patreon at https://bit.ly/herstoryseapatreon. Welcome to the Patreon, Shereen and Chanda! And as always, many thanks to Laura, Yati, Kara, and Mando.