Podcasts about german enigma

Send us a Text Message.Bletchley Park is a country mansion 35 minutes by train northwest of London, where Alan Turing and his team of cryptanalysts cracked the complicated codes of the German Enigma machine. Music © Barney & Izzi Hardy 

A British party of Lieutenant Francis Fasson, Able Seaman Colin Grazier, and canteen assistant Tommy Brown, boarded the slowly-sinking submarine after it had been damaged by depth charges and retrieved the Enigma codebooks and all the current settings for the U-boat ...

The launch of GPT-4 on the 14th of March this year was shocking as well as exciting. ChatGPT had been released the previous November, and became the fastest-growing app ever. But GPT-4's capabilities were a level beyond, and it provoked remarkable comments from people who had previously said little about the future of AI. In May, Britain's Prime Minister Rishi Sunak described superintelligence as an existential risk to humanity. A year ago, it would have been inconceivable for the leader of a major country to say such a thing.The following month, in June, Sunak announced that a global summit on AI safety would be held in November at the historically resonant venue of Bletchley Park, the stately home where during World War Two, Alan Turing and others cracked the German Enigma code, and probably shortened the war by many months.Despite the fact that AI is increasingly humanity's most powerful technology, there is not yet an established forum for world leaders to discuss its longer term impacts, including accelerating automation, extended longevity, and the awesome prospect of superintelligence. The world needs its leaders to engage in a clear-eyed, honest, and well-informed discussion of these things.The summit is scheduled for the 1st and 2nd of November, and Matt Clifford, the CEO of the high-profile VC firm Entrepreneur First, has taken a sabbatical to help prepare it.To help us all understand what the summit might achieve, the guest in this episode is Ollie Buckley.Ollie studied PPE at Oxford, and was later a policy fellow at Cambridge. After six years as a strategy consultant with Monitor, he spent a decade as a civil servant, developing digital technology policy in the Cabinet Office and elsewhere. Crucially, from 2018 to 2021 he was the founding Executive Director of the UK government's original AI governance advisory body, the Centre for Data Ethics & Innovation (CDEI), where he led some of the original policy development regarding the regulation of AI and data-driven technologies. Since then, he has been advising tech companies, civil society and international organisations on AI policy as a consultant.Selected follow-ups:https://www.linkedin.com/in/ollie-buckley-10064b/https://www.publicaffairsnetworking.com/news/tech-policy-consultancy-boosts-data-and-ai-offer-with-senior-hirehttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-programme/ai-safety-summit-day-1-and-2-programmehttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-introduction/ai-safety-summit-introduction-htmlAn open event at Wilton Hall, Bletchley, the afternoon before the AI Safety Summit starts: https://www.meetup.com/london-futurists/events/296765860/Music: Spike Protein, by Koi Discovery, available under CC0 1.0 Public Domain Declaration

This week on the blog, a podcast interview with writer/director Nicholas Meyer about his work on the Adrian Brody “Houdini” mini-series, as well as thoughts on Sherlock Holmes, Star Trek, Time After Time and more.LINKSA Free Film Book for You: https://dl.bookfunnel.com/cq23xyyt12Another Free Film Book: https://dl.bookfunnel.com/x3jn3emga6Fast, Cheap Film Website: https://www.fastcheapfilm.com/Behind the Page Nicholas Meyer Interview Part One: https://tinyurl.com/3f7mbzerBehind the Page Nicholas Meyer Interview Part Two: https://tinyurl.com/ms3tm45fNicholas Meyer website: https://www.nicholas-meyer.com/Eli Marks Website: https://www.elimarksmysteries.com/Albert's Bridge Books Website: https://www.albertsbridgebooks.com/YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/BehindthePageTheEliMarksPodcast***Nicholas Meyer – TranscriptJohn Gaspard: Do you remember what it was that caused your dad to write that book? Nicholas Meyer: I know something about it. He was interested, the subjects that kind of absorbed his attention were the sons of passive or absent fathers. This was a topic which probably originated from his experiences with his own father, my grandfather, who was a very interesting man and a kind of a world beater, but who spent so much of his time doing what they said in The Wizard of Oz—being a philip, philip, philip, a good deed doer—that he didn't have enough time for fathering. He was not a bad man at all, quite a conscientious one. But the parenting was left to his wife and I think my father missed and was affected by not having an involved father. And I think that a colleague of my dad's said to him Houdini, that's the guy for you. And that's how he did it. I'm only sorry that he didn't live to see the two-night television series based on his book. Jim Cunningham: I enjoyed it immensely as a Houdini fan. It was fascinating and fun and Adrian Brody is terrific, as is the woman who plays Bess. I thought I knew a lot about Houdini and there was a lot in there that I did not know. And I really enjoyed the opening to it, which suggests that it's all fact and all fiction, and it's our job to figure out which is which. How did you come to being involved with the TV mini-series about your dad's book?Nicholas Meyer: I have been friends and worked for many years with a television producer named Jerry Abrams. I started working with Jerry in 1973 with the first teleplay that I wrote was for a television movie called Judge Dee in the Haunted Monastery. There was a—China apparently invented everything first, including detective stories—and a circuit court judge in the seventh century, Judge Dee Jen Jay, solved mysteries and people wrote detective stories about him and now there are movies about him. But back in 1972, or something like that, and I had just come to Hollywood and was looking for work and didn't know anybody. And I met Jerry Abrams and I met a director named Jeremy Kagan and I'm happy to say both of these gentlemen are alive and still my friends. They gave me a shot to write this Judge Dee in the Haunted Monastery because I think ABC thought they were going to get a Kung Fu movie out of it, which it wasn't. But it was a television movie with an all Asian cast. The monastery in question was the old Camelot castle on the Warner Brothers lot and that's where I met Jerry. And Jerry and I've been friends ever since. Jerry's son is JJ Abrams, who directs movies. Anyway, Jerry said to me a couple of years ago, let's do Houdini and I said, Oh, funny, you should say that because my dad wrote a very interesting book about Houdini. I would be interested if it were based on his book. I would only be interested and that's how it got made.John Gaspard: What was your process? Did you know it would be two nights going in? Did you know it's going to be that long? How did you get started and what other resources did you use, because I know there's stuff mentioned in the movie that I don't remember being in your dad's books. You must have had to dig a little bit.Nicholas Meyer: There's a lot of books about Houdini, that I read many, many books, because my dad's book is distinguished—if one could call it that—by being the only book of all the books about Houdini that attempts some inner explanation of his psychological process. The why? Why would you do this? Why do you feel the need to do this? Other books will tell you what Houdini did, and some will tell you how he did it. But my dad's book, as I say, it kind of explores the why of it. And so I read these other books to supplement the rest of the how and the why and I've amassed quite a large Houdini library. When I say large, probably compared to yours not so much, but I must have like 10 books about Houdini and flying aeroplanes and Houdini and Arthur Conan Doyle and spiritualism and so forth. So, yes, I read all those to supplement what I was trying to condense. I don't remember whether at this point whether it was proposed as two nights or three nights or whatever. I also know that if it hadn't been for Adrian Brody agreeing to play Houdini, it never would have happened. They weren't going to do it without a star.Jim Cunningham: He's great.John Gaspard: I was telling Jim earlier, before you got on, that my wife was kind enough to sit down and watch it with me. She's always worried in things like this, that she's going see how something's done. She doesn't want to know how magic is done at all. And when we got to the end, she said, “Houdini seems so nice. He's such a likeable guy.” And I think that's really more Adrian Brody.Nicholas Meyer: Oh, yeah. The Adrian Brody. As I say, the movie would not have got made without Adrian. I'm not sure that he wasn't to a large degree cast against type. I think Houdini was a guy with ants in his pants, a kind of frenetic character. And I don't think when you read about him in any detail, that he was what you'd call nice. I think he was a person who had a lot of charm that he could switch on and off like a tap. And I think this is one of the things that my dad's book brings out, and we tried to bring it out in the movie: that Houdini's whose own father was a failure of flop and absent parent. So, I think Houdini spent a lot of his life looking for substitutes or alternative father figures. And I think the first one he probably stumbled on was the French magician Robert-Houdin, from whom he took his name. And I think Houdini's pattern, at least according to my dad's reading of it, was to find father figures and fall hard for them, only to ultimately become disenchanted and alienated and furious with them. Probably, because ultimately, they weren't his real father. But I think there was something like that going on. John Gaspard: Yes, it's pretty clear that's what happened with Doyle as well. Nicholas Meyer: Yes, but he had better reason than in some other cases to be disenchanted with Doyle because Doyle's Atlantic City séance with Lady Doyle, Houdini ultimately regarded as a real betrayal. Because he decided, probably correctly, that the contact with his mother via Lady Doyle doing spirit writing was fake. And by the way, it's not that Mrs. Doyle or Lady Doyle might not have believed what she was doing. It just didn't track for two reasons: Houdini experienced this contact with his mother, and he was as obsessed with her as he was with the fact of an absent father. And he was so overcome when she spoke to him via the spirit writing that it was a couple of days before he realized that his mother didn't speak a word of English. And she had communicated via lady Doyle in English, she only spoke Yiddish. Doyle got around this difficulty by explaining that the medium in this case, Lady Doyle, worked as a kind of simultaneous translator. And Houdini said, yeah, but—and this was the second item—it was his birthday. And she never mentioned it and she always sent him something on his birthday. And he then denounced Doyle and Lady Doyle, as quote, menaces to mankind.John Gaspard: So, were you involved in a day-to-day way with production? And I'm wondering why you didn't direct it?Nicholas Meyer: I was involved. The whole movie was shot in Budapest, everything and I was involved. I was not invited to direct. I have not directed really since the death of my wife in 1993. I had two small children to raise and by the time it was, like, possible for me to go back since they are now grown up and busy. I was sort of out of a game. John Gaspard: Oh, that's too bad. You're a terrific director.Nicholas Meyer: I'm not arguing with you.John Gaspard: So, once you were scripting it, and you were using other sources, how concerned were you about this is fact, this is fiction?Nicholas Meyer: That's a very good question and it doesn't just apply to Houdini. It applies largely to the whole issue of dramatizing the stories based on real events. And by the way, you could make the case in a way that there's no such thing as fiction; that all fiction ultimately can be traced back to something real. I'll give you two examples off the top of my head: one, Moby Dick was based on a real Whale called Mocha Dick because of his color; and, as Heinrich Schliemann proved, when he discovered Troy, most legends, most myths have their origins somewhere in the mists of time, in some kind of reality. It turns out there was a place called Troy. So, he was not far off the mark. It's a knotty question with a “k” how much we owe to fact and how much we get to mush around and dramatize? And the answer has to be inevitably elastic. The problem is that people are neither taught, nor do they read history anymore. We are not taught civics. We are not taught history. Nobody knows anything and so by default, movies and television are where we get our history, and that history is not always truthful. It is dramatized for example, in that Academy Award winning movie, The Deer Hunter, we learn that the North Vietnamese made American prisoners of war in Vietnam, play Russian roulette. There is no evidence, no historical evidence that they ever did any such thing. And yet, if you're getting your history from the movies, that's what you see and someone said that seeing is believing. In any case, you have to sort of always be looking over your own shoulder when you are dramatizing history and realizing that, yes, you can tell a story with scope, dates and characters. But what's the point where you cross a line and start inventing things out of whole cloth? I'll give you another example: was Richard the Third really the monster that Shakespeare portrays? Now, remember, Shakespeare is writing for the granddaughter of the man who killed Richard the Third and usurped his throne and called himself king. You could make a very different case that that guy was a scumbag and that Richard was not, but you know, Shakespeare was in business. The Globe Theatre was a money-making operation and Henry the Seventh's granddaughter was the Queen of England. So, there are a lot of variables here. When you sit down to dramatize, I've worked for the History Channel and I can tell you the history channel will not make a movie where Americans look bad. The History Channel will not make a movie that questions any point in our own history. Our right to the moral high ground. It's a point of view and they have a demographic and Americans don't want to be shown any of their own flaws or asked to think about them. Jim Cunningham; Well, who does? Can I ask questions about the espionage? Part of what I witnessed last night, although I had sort of a vague memory, that there is some espionage connection or perhaps connection? In the first episode that he was working for at least the American government and perhaps the English government as well. Is there evidence for that?Nicholas Meyer: Circumstantial evidence.Jim Cunningham: Yes, and I suppose that it could still be even at this late date protected in some way in terms of, I don't know them, not admitting, or maybe no real hard evidence exists anymore, right?Nicholas Meyer: I'm more inclined to think that no real hard evidence exists. Although we all know that somebody said, truth is the daughter of time. But a lot of evidence has for a lot of things, not merely in this country, but also England has been redacted and eliminated and buried. You know, how many of your listeners know the story of Alan Turing? Alan Turing may have shortened World War Two by as much as two years by inventing the computer that helped break the German Enigma code. Alan Turing signed the Official Secrets Act which meant that his wartime work could never be revealed. Alan Turing was gay. After the war was over, Alan Turing was arrested on a morals and decency charge and he could not tell the world who he was and so he was sentenced to some kind of chemical castration, I believe and he killed himself. And all of this remained a secret for the next 55 years before the world's, you know, learned and suddenly there was a play called Breaking the Code and then there was the Enigma novel by Robert Harris and then there was the movie, which is very inaccurate, and very troublesome to me, The Imitation Game. Because in The Imitation Game, the first thing he does when he's arrested, is tell the cop who he is. With a crushing irony, as well as inaccuracy, is it there's no way he was allowed to tell. That was the price you pay when you sign the Official Secrets Act. So that movie kind of bugged me. Whereas for example, Enigma, which I think is one of my favorite movies, doesn't bug me at all because it doesn't call him Alan Turing and therefore, he's not gay, and it's a different story entirely spun out of inspired by, but not pretending to be Alan Turing.Jim Cunningham: Well, now I'm gonna have to watch that movie because I don't think I've seen it. Nicholas Meyer: You never saw Enigma?Jim Cunningham: I don't believe I saw Enigma.Nicholas Meyer: It's the only movie produced by Mick Jagger and Lorne Michaels, written by Tom Stoppard. Kate Winslet, Dougray, Scott, Jeremy Northam. Anyway, it's a fantastic movie, but you have to watch it like five times in order to understand everything that's going on because Tom Stoppard is not going to make it easy.John Gaspard: Just a quick side note here. I remember reading somewhere that Mick Jagger was a possible first choice for Time After Time Nicholas Meyer: Yeah, for Jack the Ripper. John Gaspard: Okay, interesting. I prefer the choice you came up with.Nicholas Meyer: Well, when they—Warner Brothers—were trying to sort of figure out how to make this movie, quote, commercial (they were so surprised when it was a hit), they suggested Mick Jagger as Jack the Ripper. And he was in LA at the time touring and I really didn't understand the politics of not just filmmaking, but you know, sort of office politics generally. And my first reply was no, you know, you might believe him as the Ripper, but you'd never believe him—or I didn't think you would believe him—as a Harley Street surgeon. And they said, You mean you won't even meet him? And that's when I said, oh, okay, I get it. I have to agree to meet. So I met him and then I said, fellas, I still don't, you know, think this can work. And so we went on to David Warner.Jim Cunningham: I think that was the first film I became aware of David Warner and of course, it colored my opinion of David Warner for everything I've seen him in since, including him as Bob Cratchit in a version of A Christmas Carol. I kept thinking to myself, don't turn your back on him. He's a killer. He's a stone-cold killer, because of Time After Time, which is still one of my favorite movies.Nicholas Meyer: Oh, thank you so much.John Gaspard: We promised not to geek out too much. But I have to tell you that the hotel room scene between him and McDowell, I still pull up once or twice a year to look at the writing and the acting in that scene. “You're literally the last person on Earth expected to see.” They're both so good in that scene.Nicholas Meyer: They are that, they are.John Gaspard: I think you mentioned in your memoir in passing that when you did The 7% Solutionthere was some back and forth with the Doyle estate. We—Jim and I—have a friend, Jeff Hatcher, who wrote the screenplay for Mr. Holmes, which is based on a book. Once the movie came out, it did run into some issues with the Doyle estate, because the writer had taken some characteristics of Holmes from the later books …Nicholas Meyer: It's all bullshit. All that is bullshit. The Doyle estate, which was once the richest literary estate in the world, was run into the ground by his descendants and their in laws and they don't care anything about Sherlock Holmes. All they care about is money. And what they try to do is to stick up movie companies and book companies and say you've got to pay. And back when Holmes legitimately fell into copyright, which is when I wrote The 7% Solution, yes, I had to pay and I understood that. I mean, I didn't understand it when I wrote the book because I was a kid. But I understood it when it was explained to me. What since happened is they continue, even though he's out of copyright, to try to pretend that he is or that one or two stories are etc. My friend, Les Clinger, who is a business manager but also happens to be a lawyer and a Holmes' enthusiast, took the estate to court and won. He broke that bullshit stranglehold that they were trying to exercise on anybody who wanted to write or create or make a movie about Holmes. Now, it's also true that big companies like Warner Brothers, or Paramount or something, if they make a Sherlock Holmes movie, and the Doyle estate comes sniffling to their door, find it cheaper to say, here's $10,000, Go away, than it is to bother to do what Les did, which was take them to court. It's just, it's blackmail, you've all seen the Godfather, you know, give me a little something to wet my beak is what this is all about. I have nothing good to say about them and what they did with Mr. Holmes, your friend's movie, was they waited until the movie was about to come out before they hit him.John Gaspard: Jim, I should mention, you probably don't know this, that and this is the truth, the man we're talking to is the man for whom the thing at the beginning of a DVD that says the opinions expressed here are not those of this company. He's the reason that's on DVDs. Jim Cunningham: Is that right?Nicholas Meyer: Yes, I will explain because I'm very proud of it. I've made a couple of contributions to civilization. One of them is the movie The Day After, it's my nuclear war movie. And the other is this little sign. And it happened when they were preparing the DVD release of Star Trek Two: the Wrath of Khan. I was interviewed and asked to explain my contributions to the making the movie, the script, the directing, etc. So, I told the story about how I came to write the script. And the DVD lady who subsequently became a very good friend of mine said, “Gee, the lawyers say we can't use any of what you told us.” And I said, “And why is that?” And she said, Paramount was worried about getting in trouble with the Writers Guild, because you are not credited as the author and you wrote this sort of under the table, the script. And I said, Well, why don't you just take me out of the whole DVD? Because if I can't tell the truth about it, I don't want to be in it.And she said, “That's what I hoped you would say. Now, I've got some ammo.” So, she went back and she came back and she said, okay, here's the deal. And the deal now applies to every studio. “The opinions expressed in this interview, are not those of Paramount Pictures, its employees or affiliates.” What this does is it stops those interviews from being bullshit puff pieces and allows them to become oral histories. Now, different people may have different oral histories of the same thing. You put them all on the DVD, but suddenly, you've opened up a whole world to telling things that really happened or that the tellers think really happened, or are their opinions without the studio, worried that they're going to be sued, because of that little disclaimer. And they all have that now and that's my contribution.Jim Cunningham: It's great. Now, I promised John before this interview that I would not talk Star Trekwith you, but since you've opened the door a little bit here. Now, that you say that you wrote Wrath of Khan under the table, can you just flesh that out for me? It might not ever be in the podcast, but I'm an incredible Star Trek fan. So, I'm interested in this story.Nicholas Meyer: Well, very quickly, I knew nothing about Star Trek when I met Harve Bennett, the producer of what was going to be the second Star Trek movie. He showed me the first movie. He showed me some of the episodes and I got kind of a jones to make an outer space, a space opera. And I realized once I started to familiarize myself with Captain Kirk that he reminded me of Captain Hornblower, which were the books by CS Forester that I read when I was a kid, about a captain in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars, who had adventures and a girl in every port, which sounded good to me. I was 12. I think it was 13 or something and so I thought, “Oh, this is Hornblower and outer space. This is destroyers. This is submarines.” So, I made a deal with Paramount and Harve Bennett to direct a Star Trek movie for them, which was going to be their second movie. And Harve said, draft five of the script is coming in. So, I went home and waited for draft five. And, you know, I looked up and it was three or four weeks later and wondered whatever happened, because I was starting to think about spaceships and stuff like that. And he said, “Oh, I can't send you the script. It's not good. I can't.” I said, “Well, what about draft four, draft three, whatever?” And he said, “You don't understand. All these different drafts are simply separate attempts to get another Star Trek movie. They're unrelated.”And I said, “Well send them all to me. I want to read them.” And he said, “Really?” I said, “Yeah.”And in those days, you didn't hit Send. A truck, drove up, a van, and it had a lot of scripts. And I'm a very slow reader and I started. I read all these scripts and then I said, “Why don't you and your producing partner, Robert Salem, come up to my house and let's have a chat about this because I have an idea.” And so they showed up, and I had my ubiquitous legal pad and I said, “Why don't we make a list of everything we like in these five scripts? It could be a major plot. It could be a subplot. It could be a sequence. It could be a scene. It could be a character, it could be a line of dialogue, I don't care. Let's just make the list and then I'll try to write a new screenplay that incorporates as many of these elements as we pick.” And they didn't look happy and I thought, I don't get a lot of ideas. This was my idea and I said, “What's wrong? What's wrong with that?”And they said, “Well, the problem is that if we don't have a screenplay within 12 days, Industrial Light and Magic, the special effects house for the movie, say they can't deliver the shots in time for the June opening.” And I said, “What June opening? “And I only directed one movie in my life, and these guys had booked the theatres for a movie that didn't exist. And I said, “Well, okay, I'll try to do this in 12 days, but we got to pick the stuff now.” And they still weren't happy. And I said, “So, what is it? What's the problem?” And they said, “Well, you know, let's be honest, we couldn't even make your deal in 12 days.” And at this point, I was like, foaming at the mouth. I said, “Look, guys, forget the deal. Forget the money. Forget the credit. I'm not talking about directing. We've already got that signed, sealed and delivered. But if we don't do this, now, there's gonna be no movie, yes or no?” And I was an idiot, because I at that point gave away you know, what turned out to be significant. So, I didn't invent Kirk meets his son. I didn't invent Khan. I didn't invent Savak. I didn't invent the Genesis Planet. I didn't invent any of those things. I just took them and played with them like a Rubik's Cube and poured my, essentially it's all my dialogue, Harve wrote a few lines, but I wrote most of it.John Gaspard: Well, it certainly worked.Jim Cunningham: Oh, boy. Yeah, absolutely. And I will not bring up The Undiscovered Countrybecause I promised John I wouldn't. The 7% Solution is very interesting. You took one thing, and you extrapolated out from that an entire kind of reality about Holmes that had not been explored. And it's similar to kind of what your father did with Houdini. And did that ever occur to you that there was there's a similarity there somehow?Nicholas Meyer: Well, I did 7% before he did Houdini.Jim Cunningham: He owes you then.Nicholas Meyer: Oh, yeah. He does. It's interesting. I was not the first person to put together Holmes and Freud. In fact, Freud knew that he'd been compared to Holmes. Freud loved to read Sherlock Holmes stories. That was his bedtime reading and at some point, he even wrote in one of his case histories, “I follow the labyrinth of her mind, Sherlock Holmes-like until it led me to…” So he knew about this comparison. And there was a doctor at Yale, a famous psychiatrist/drug expert, who wrote a paper that my father gave me to read about Holmes, Freud and the cocaine connection. Because Holmes is a cocaine user and for a time, so was Freud. And when my book came out and was the number one best-selling novel in the United States for 40 weeks, I got sued by this doctor at Yale for plagiarism. This is like the first successful thing I'd ever done in my life and this guy was saying I ripped him off. Because he was probably walking across campus and people were saying, “Hey, doc, hey, professor, that guy in the New York Times you ripped you off.”So, I got sued. This is how you know you're hot is when you get sued. But it was devastating to me. It was devastating and it was expensive, because I had to defend myself. I had a lawyer and the lawyer said, “They have no case. We will ask for something called summary judgment.” And I said, “Does that mean we have to wait till July?” And he goes, no, no, no, it's not about that x couldn't resist summary judgment. Yeah, that happened in the summertime.Summary judgment turns out to mean that the facts of the case are not in dispute. No one can dispute that I read his essay. I put it in my acknowledgments. I thanked him. I read it. The question is, what is the definition of plagiarism? It turns out, you cannot copyright an idea. You can only copyright the expression of an idea. The words. I hadn't used his words. I haven't used any of his. I didn't write an academic paper. I wrote a novel. I wrote a story. So, I won and then he appealed and I won again, end of story. So, it didn't originate with me, nothing originates with me. Moby Dick was based on another whale. Emma Bovary was a real person, on and on and on. If you read the history or a biography, you understand that in good faith, efforts have been made to lay out the facts. But when you read a historical novel, you understand that the facts have been mushed around and dramatized, that the author has assumed the dramatist's privilege, his prerogative, to help things along. There's an Italian phrase, se non è vero, è ben trovato. If it didn't happen that way, it should have. I'll give you another example: Queen Elizabeth the first and her cousin and rival Mary Queen of Scots, whom Elizabeth subsequently had beheaded, never met in real life. They'd never met. But of all the 4,622 movies, plays, operas, novellas, ballets, whatever that are, they always meet. Because it ain't cool if they don't meet. John Gaspard: It's a better story.Nicholas Meyer: It's a better story.

Although codemaking and codebreaking often receive less attention in the public imagination than swashbuckling HUMINT operations and ingenious spy gadgets, they have changed history. The under-appreciation of cryptography might stem from a combination of the complexity of encryption, the classified nature of much of its technology, and the difficulty of conveying codebreaking effectively in pop culture.David Priess spoke with Vince Houghton about the realities and fictional representations of cryptography, as well as the challenges and rewards of making a compelling museum experience out of U.S. codemaking and codebreaking efforts. Houghton is director of the National Cryptologic Museum, the open-to-the-public museum of the National Security Agency. They talked while walking through the newly redesigned museum in Annapolis Junction, Maryland, highlighting various artifacts including early American codebreaking computers, German Enigma machines, the oldest known book of cryptography (from the 16th century), and code generators for U.S. nuclear weapons. They discussed the provenance of highly unusual items and the value of having so many of them on display. And they traded views on movies incorporating ciphers or codes, from The Da Vinci Code to Sneakers to The Empire Strikes Back to The Imitation Game.Chatter is a production of Lawfare and Goat Rodeo. This episode was produced by Cara Shillenn of Goat Rodeo. Podcast theme by David Priess, featuring music created using Groovepad.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Although codemaking and codebreaking often receive less attention in the public imagination than swashbuckling HUMINT operations and ingenious spy gadgets, they have changed history. The under-appreciation of cryptography might stem from a combination of the complexity of encryption, the classified nature of much of its technology, and the difficulty of conveying codebreaking effectively in pop culture. David Priess spoke with Vince Houghton about the realities and fictional representations of cryptography, as well as the challenges and rewards of making a compelling museum experience out of U.S. codemaking and codebreaking efforts. Houghton is director of the National Cryptologic Museum, the open-to-the-public museum of the National Security Agency. They talked while walking through the newly redesigned museum in Annapolis Junction, Maryland, highlighting various artifacts including early American codebreaking computers, German Enigma machines, the oldest known book of cryptography (from the 16th century), and code generators for U.S. nuclear weapons. They discussed the provenance of highly unusual items and the value of having so many of them on display. And they traded views on movies incorporating ciphers or codes, from The Da Vinci Code to Sneakers to The Empire Strikes Back to The Imitation Game.Chatter is a production of Lawfare and Goat Rodeo. This episode was produced by Cara Shillenn of Goat Rodeo. Podcast theme by David Priess, featuring music created using Groovepad.Among the works mentioned in this episode:The film The Imitation GameThe film The Da Vinci CodeThe TV show AndorThe film Rogue OneThe film The Empire Strikes BackThe film Sneakers Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Alan Mathison Turing is much more than the protagonist of Morten Tyldum's American blockbuster The Imitation Game. While Turing is the mathematician best known for cracking the code of the German Enigma machine that the Wehrmacht used to send and receive encrypted messages during World War II, he is also considered by many to be the father of the computer and artificial intelligence. ROBERTA, the podcast: We are specialists in artificial intelligence (AI) and we want to share our passion with you. With this podcast Roberta, in honour of Roberta Wohlstetter, a pioneer of modern intelligence, we looked at the stories of those who have influenced or been influenced by AI. This monthly podcast traces the stories of scientists, filmmakers, novelists, politicians and deciphers their connection to AI.  Listen to previous episodes: Episode #1 : Roberta Wohlstetter Episode #2 : Stanley Kubrick Episode #3 : Jules Verne Episode #4 : Hannah Arendt et Hans Jonas Episode #5 : Elizabeth McIntosh Episode #6 : Eric Tabarly Music credits : Boogie Belgique - Once Have I

Day 2 included a journey for Reid Clanton to Bletchley Park in Milton-Keynes, England.  We had the honor of spending the morning with Betty Webb, 98-year old British Veteran of Bletchley Park.  What an incredible meeting between two 98-year-old military heroes! We all know Mr. Clanton, United States war hero who landed on Omaha Beach during D-Day, fought in the Battle of the Bulge, and ultimately helped lead the Allies to victory. Meet Betty Webb, a British Veteran who served in British Military Intelligence and worked at the top secret decoding campus, Bletchley Park.Comprised of 75% women, more than 10,000 members of the intelligence community worked at Bletchley during the height of WWII. Bletchley was the braintrust of Winston Churchill, and the first computer was developed here. The team at Bletchley Park managed to crack the previously unbreakable German Enigma code, which experts believe shortened the duration of the war by 2-4 years.On D-Day specifically, intelligence gathered at Bletchley allowed the Allies to understand the locations of German fighting positions along the French coastline, along with other critical intelligence. Most Americans don't know anything about Bletchley Park. We visited with Betty as she explained what she did here at Bletchley. Simply an amazing women!Please enjoy this conversation between Betty and our group, regarding Bletchley Park, her daily life there, and the famous decoding operation that ultimately shortened the duration of World War II.

This week we're at Bletchley Park, the country mansion 35 minutes by train northwest of London, where Alan Turing and his team of cryptanalysts cracked the complicated codes of the German Enigma machine. Music © Barney & Izzi Hardy 

Hello everyone and welcome back! Today the boys talk about the German Enigma machine, taking care of tattoos, and Funimation joining Crunchyroll! YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCabz... Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/helloharem Twitter: https://twitter.com/helloharem Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/helloharemo... Go give his soundcloud a listen and support the mans music here: https://soundcloud.com/nayte Looking for new anime gear? Check out Mikan Clothing for the hottest new apparel and decals. Use code FIRST10 for 10% off your entire order! https://mikanclothing.com/

Part biopic, part historical drama, this film tells the story of Alan Turing and the team at Bletchley Park (the eminently secretive Project X) whose work led to the breaking of the German Enigma machines, and arguably to the Allies winning the War. This is one of the best performances we have seen out of Keira Knightley, who plays a brilliant mathematician, opposite Benedict Cumberbatch's phenomenal portrayal as an awkward and very closeted Alan Turing. Another film that plays fast and loose with the actual historical facts, it embellishes Turing's direct contributions to the project, while simultaneously downplaying his personality and sexuality (which he was famously open about and which created much friction in his life). So what did they get wrong, what did they get right, and did we like this one? Join us and find out! Next Episode: The War Below (2021) Feel free to contact us with any questions or comments! Our website: www.dangerclosepod.com Join our Facebook group at: Danger Close - Podcast Discussion Group (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1442264899493646/) If you like the show, please leave us a review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify! If you would like to support the show and get extra episodes where we discuss sci-fi, fantasy, and comedy war movies, join our Patreon for only $4 a month at: www.dangerclosepod.com/support warmovies #warfilms #war #film #films #movies #history #cinema #documentary #WWII #worldwartwo

The boys are back with a brand new series. Ryan and Jamie discuss the exceptional work done at Bletchley Park during the Second World War by the likes of Alan Turning and Joan Clarke in breaking the German Enigma machine. They talk about the invention of computers, MI6 and Boffins.

Today we celebrate the Landscape Architect who had an affinity for boxwoods. We'll also learn about a passionate orchidologist who shared some advice back in 1972. We salute the English WWII code breaker who became a one-woman force for garden conservation and restoration. We’ll hear a verse about the Hyacinth - one of my favorite spring bulbs… so fragrant! We Grow That Garden Library™ with an indispensable book about saving seeds. And then we’ll wrap things up with the story of a Washington gardener whose garden advice was relatable, gentlemanly, and humorous.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” It's just that easy.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org   Curated News Want a 20-second distraction from 2020? Here are some mesmerizing pictures from 1800s seed catalogs  | Massive Science | Max G. Levy   Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community where you’d search for a friend and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events November 12, 1957 Today is the anniversary of the death of the Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff. After receiving his degree in Mechanical Engineering from MIT, Arthur discovered the field of Landscape Architecture. Although the field was beginning to take off thanks to the Olmsteds, Charles Eliot, and the Chicago World's Fair, there were no formal degree programs for the field. As a result, Arthur cobbled together his own curriculum at the Lawrence School of Science at Harvard. All his life, Arthur had a lifelong love for the outdoors. He especially enjoyed camping, canoeing, scenery, and sketching. Looking back on his pursuit of Landscape Architecture, Arthur reflected,   "All led me away from mechanics toward scenery, toward planning and construction for the scenes of daily life..."   In terms of his career, Arthur will forever be remembered for the work he did at Colonial Williamsburg. The project at Williamsburg was funded by John D. Rockefeller and the mission was a total community restoration. The scope was enormous. Arthur had over 30 years of experience when he started work on the project on St. Patrick's Day in 1928. In addition to his Landscape Architecture skills; Arthur leveraged his training in engineering, his meticulousness, and his personal energy, and charm. It wasn't just the buildings that needed restoration; it was the land, the paths, the streets, the gardens, and green spaces. Arthur wrote about his daily quest to uncover the past. One entry said:   “Wednesday morning saw me in the old-fashioned gardens in the heart of the town. These old places… now gone to decay are filled with a kind of golden glory which is lacking in the new gardens. The old lattice trellises, ruined box hedges, and even the weed-grown paths seem to have the glamor of the sunshine from the olden days.”   Every aspect of the town was fully researched. When it came to garden plans and plant selection, Arthur insisted that authenticity was paramount. For example, Arthur’s team actually searched for original fence-post holes to determine the colonially-accurate backyard.  It’s no wonder that it took Arthur 13 years to finish the project. Arthur’s signature plant was the boxwood which he called Box for short. Williamsburg required boatloads of Box and Arthur wrote,   “In replanting Williamsburg places much use should be made of Box… even allowing it to dominate the parterres and bed traceries… Generous use of Box in this manner [will define the] display and [help with the] upkeep of flowers especially in the dry season...”   Arthur’s passion could get the best of him. The woman who lived at the St. George Tucker House, wrote this entry in her diary in January 1931: “Today I was asked to go over the yard with Mr. Arthur Shurcliff… I found him a very alarming person! Somehow the idea of changing the yard and garden is much more repellent to me than changing the house, and this is such a terribly enthusiastic man!”   And, when Arthur returned in May, she wrote,   “[He came] down like a wolf on the fold again today. He rushed in and out... with charts and plans for all sorts of alarming ‘landscapes’ in our yard. He has boxwood on the brain.”   Luckily for Arthur, his charm counteracted any hesitance caused by his exuberance. When Colonial Williamsburg was revealed to the public in 1934, Arthur’s Colonial Revival style gardens — complete boxwood — caused a sensation. Soon, Revival Garden design appeared in suburbs all across America. Once the restoration was complete, Arthur Shurcliff had redefined Williamsburg. By reclaiming the past, Colonial Williamsburg found a path forward. And, thanks to Arthur’s incredible efforts, Revival Garden design took its place in 20th Century Landscape Architecture.   November 12, 1972   On this day The Greenville News shared an article called Orchidist Finds Hobby Versatile. The orchidologist was Gilbert L. Campbell. During six years of collecting, Gilbert amassed more than 300 plants - in addition to a library of orchid reference materials. Orchid lovers can grow orchids all year long indoors in their homes. When Gilbert’s passion outgrew his house, he built a greenhouse and in a short time, he built a second greenhouse. Gilbert said,   "Some orchidologists do grow their flowers in their homes... [but I advise against it. Growing an orchid is like being a fisherman. 'Some fishermen may be content to sit on the bank and fish, but most want to get out in a boat on the lake. It's a lot easier to grow orchids in a greenhouse [due to temperature and humidity control]. ”   As for why Gilbert had two greenhouses, his answer was simple: the cool greenhouse was for cymbidium orchids and the “medium” temp house was for the cattleyas. To show how significant the role temperature plays in growing orchids, the difference in temp between Gilbert’s two greenhouses was about 10 degrees. Gilbert reported that,   “A medium house has a minimum temperature of 55 to 60 degrees and a cool house has a minimum of 45-50 degrees.”   Finally, Gilbert advises plenty of fresh air. Gilbert’s orchids are moved outside in summer and on balmy days throughout the winter. Gilbert says:   "Orchids, like people, do best in a spring-like fresh-feeling atmosphere… Beginners should start with a few mature plants. Orchids like dry roots, so they should be watered thoroughly, then allowed to dry out."     November 12, 2013 Today is the anniversary of the death of the World War II hero and garden historian and restorer extraordinaire Mavis Batey, who died at the age of 92. Mavis broke the German Enigma code, which allowed the Allied forces to stage their D-Day invasion. In the back half of her life, Mavis became a champion for forgotten, yet historically significant, English gardens. She also became a garden historian and writer, writing books on Jane Austen and Alexander Pope. In 1955, Mavis and her code-breaker husband Keith settled on a farm in Surrey. The property sparked Mavis’s passion for Landscape history. After moving to Oxford, Mavis and her family lived in a fantastic park designed by Capability Brown. The park was also home to a garden designed by William Mason in 1775. Mavis recalled:   "We lived in the agent's house, right in the middle of a Capability Brown park, but it was William Mason's garden that really got me. We had to cut our way into it. It was all overgrown, and garden ornaments were buried in the grass. I knew at once it wasn't just an ordinary derelict garden: someone had tried to say something there."   Mavis Batey used her wit and determination to become a force in numerous conservation organizations and missions like the Garden History Society, the Campaign to Protect Rural England, and English Heritage’s Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. In 1985 Mavis was honored with the RHS Veitch Memorial Medal for her invaluable work preserving gardens that would otherwise have been lost to time.   Unearthed Words If you plant spring bulbs, I hope you remember to include hyacinths. The hyacinth is in the asparagus (Asparagaceae) family. Native to the Eastern Mediterranean, they grow throughout Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, and Iraq. Nowadays, the hyacinth is mainly grown in Holland.   If of thy mortal goods thou art bereft, And of thy meager store, Two loaves alone to thee are left, Sell one, and with the dole Buy hyacinths to feed thy soul. — Saadi, Persian Sufi poet, in Gulistan (The Rose Garden), 1258   Grow That Garden Library The Seed Garden by Lee Buttala, Shanyn Siegel, et al.  This book came out in 2015, and the subtitle is The Art and Practice of Seed Saving. The Seed Garden won the American Horticultural Society Award for Excellence In Garden Book Publishing and it is an excellent resource for anyone who wants to save seed that is true-to-type and ready to sow in next year’s garden. This comprehensive book is a collaboration between the esteemed Seed Savers Exchange and the Organic Seed Alliance. Readers will learn the invaluable tradition of saving seeds for more than seventy-five best-loved vegetable and herb crops―from heirloom tomatoes and beans to lettuces, cabbages, peppers, and grains. I love the photos in this book - they are beautiful and relatable. The plant profiles are nicely laid out and the seed saving instructions are crystal clear - providing a thorough master class level presentation of the art, the science, and the joy of saving seeds. This book is 350 pages of indispensable and clearly written advice for growing plants and saving seed - and it’s a beautifully illustrated resource to boot. You can get a copy of The Seed Garden by Lee Buttala, Shanyn Siegel, et al. and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $22.   Today’s Botanic Spark November 12, 1993 Today is the anniversary of the death of Washington Post columnist and gardener Henry Clay Mitchell. Henry wrote mainly about gardening and miscellaneous aspects of his daily Washington life.  Pragmatic and humorous, Henry’s garden advice struck a chord with his readers. His weekly garden advice was compiled into two bestsellers named after his column Earthman. A southerner and a gentleman, Henry found tranquility and restoration in his garden. Like most of us gardeners, Henry had his favorites. Of the Japanese Iris, Henry wrote,   “[It’s] a fine flower for anybody who thinks nothing can be too gaudy, too overstated, too imperial. I have known rednecks who adored it.”   A dog lover, Henry recognized his garden didn’t exist in a bubble but was fully part of the natural world. Henry reflected,   “Squirrels eat a lot of bulbs -- they are in heaven when they find the cyclamen and crocuses -- but they keep the garden interesting for the family dog... And besides, the squirrels are more attractive than the cyclamen probably would have been anyway."   And, Henry's obituary in the Washington Post shared his love of gardening:   “Gardening was a part of his life almost from the time he was born. When he was a small boy, he would pick up autumn leaves or pluck the petals from tiger lilies and admire them when his mother took him walking. He had a garden from the time he was old enough to work in it. He could rattle off the Latin names of perhaps 3,000 plants. He said, he learned about gardening because he was "passionately fond of flowers." The failure of such projects as grafting a carnation onto a prickly pear cactus left him undaunted.”   And, if you have a steadfast love your garden - warts and all - you’ll feel a kinship with these words by Henry from his 1992 book One Man's Garden:   It is agreeable to waddle about in one's own paradise, knowing that thousands of others have better gardens with better thises and thats, and better grown too, and no weeds at all… To know this and grin as complacently as a terrier who just got into the deviled eggs, and to reflect that there is no garden in England or France I envy, and not one I'd swap for mine: this is the aim of gardening — not to make us complacent idiots, exactly, but to make us content and calm for a time, with sufficient energy (even after bitter wars with bindweed) to feel an awestruck thanks to God that such happiness can exist. For a few days, of course.

Alan Turing (1912–1954) was an English mathematician, logician, pioneer of computer science, and wartime code-breaker. He is credited with creating a design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), the early electronic stored-program computer, as well as the Bombe—a decryption device that the British government used during WWII to crack the German “Enigma,” machine, which encrypted secret messages. Jack Copeland is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, where he is Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing. His recent biography Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age draws on many years of conversations with Turing's closest friends and colleagues, and he explores the complex character of this shy genius as well as describing the breadth and importance of Turing's legacy. Copeland's other books include The Essential Turing; Artificial Intelligence; Colossus—The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers; and Alan Turing’s Electronic Brain. He joins us on Culture Insight to share his insight into the life and work of Alan Turing.

Each June, communities across the world celebrate Pride Month as an important, reflective, and joyful time to recognize both the ongoing adversities and inspiring achievements of LGBTQIA+ people everywhere. DEV has decided to post this episode on June 23rd, because on this day in 1912, English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist, Alan Turing was born. Turing's accomplishments were astounding and groundbreaking during his lifetime and still are today: He invented the device that broke the code for the German Enigma machine, a device for sending coded messages to units of the German forces during WWII. Later, he would also break the Naval Enigma, which had vastly more complicated code than the first. Turing's work had to be conducted so secretly that the importance of what he accomplished — and the degree to which he shortened the war— were vastly overlooked at the time. Turing also happened to be gay. He died at the age of 41, two years after being stripped of his security clearance and charged legally and violently for his sexuality at the hands of the same government he served during the war. Turing was not only an astounding technologist — he remains a symbol of the triumphs of LGBTQIA+ folks in tech in spite of overwhelming persecution. This year, Pride Month is particularly poignant. The United States - and the world - is finally beginning to grapple with the countless deaths faced by Black people due to police brutality, overt racism, and systemic hatred for centuries. In the midst of this pain and important work, we cannot forget the particularly deep and painful impact experienced by the LGBTQIA+ individuals that overlap with these communities. Black and transgender women are particularly oppressed and at risk of being victims of violence. For more data on the disproportionate affect of violence on the transgender and gender non-conforming community in 2020 alone, please read the report in our shownotes titled, “Violence Against the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in 2020.” Most importantly, you can support Black LGBTQIA+ people with your signatures and money. Discover ways to do so via GLAAD. Please enjoy this collection of recordings collected from the DEV community about their experiences being a LGBTQIA+ developer and what makes them proud. Show Notes DevNews (sponsor) Triplebyte (sponsor) CodeNewbie (sponsor) RudderStack (sponsor) Violence Against the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in 2020 GLAAD Celebrating DEV Pride & Alan Turing!

June 2020    The breaking of the German Enigma machine wasn’t just down to the Codebreakers at Bletchley Park and it didn’t start with the outbreak of World War Two. It’s a story of international cooperation, spanning many years and who better to tell it than the nephew of Alan Turing.    In this, the first of two episodes, we return to 2018 when Bletchley Park hosted representatives of the Polish Embassy in London and families of Polish codebreakers, for the launch of Dermot Turing’s book, X, Y and Z: The Real Story of How Enigma Was Broken.   Based on his own original research and newly released documents, both in the book and this exclusively recorded talk, Dermot tells the story of how the French, British and Polish secret services came together to unravel the secrets of the Enigma machine.    He is introduced by His Excellency the Ambassador of Republic of Poland, Dr Arkady Rzegocki.   Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust 2020   #BPark, #WW2, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, @PolishEmbassyUK

Should you watch 'The Imitation Game' from 2014? Oscar Nominated for Best Picture. During World War II, the English mathematical genius Alan Turing tries to crack the German Enigma code with help from fellow mathematicians. Does it add up? Find out in this weeks episode. Enjoy!

Darrell Castle talks about the investigation of whether or not Russia colluded with the Trump campaign to influence the 2016 election — now the investigators are being investigated. Transcription / Notes BODYGUARD OF LIES Hello this is Darrell Castle with today's Castle Report. Today is Friday May 15, 2020 and I am happy to say that this Report is not about the virus. For two months it has been all virus all the time but today we return to the world of politics. This is day 56 of house arrest for the Castle family two complete months with only each other, and voices on the telephone for company. The family daughter remains safe on her small island at the bottom of the world. We plan to return to our law office starting Monday but gradually with two people at a time returning, but nevertheless we go back to the world starting Monday. The title of this report comes from a quote from Winston Churchill; “In wartime, truth is so precious it should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.” Truth is indeed precious in part because it is so rare today. We are fighting and have been fighting for some time a different war than Mr. Churchill's. Our war is cultural and it is a war intended to destroy our existing culture. I recently heard a lecture from a psychologist who explained that computers have essentially the same function as the human brain in that they both are processors and disseminators of information according to how they are programed.  If you enter corrupt data into your computer, it will not perform its functions accurately. It is like the German Enigma code machine that Mr. Churchill referred to in the quote I mentioned. To code messages the Germans designed a machine that scrambled information in a random fashion that was mathematically difficult to unscramble. When the messages attempting to program our brains are false but presented as absolute truth from those we once trusted, our brains are almost certain to process the corrupt data in the wrong way. Today it seems that almost all the programing presented through the mass media is false and the false information is not intended to convey accurate information but to program our brains to think a certain way. For example, President Obama on CBS 60 Minutes, January 25, 2017: “I'm proud of the fact that we are the first administration in modern history that hasn't had a major scandal in the White House.” The interviewer did not call him on his obvious lapse in memory of fast and furious or the IRS used by Lois Lerner to target and eliminate conservative groups and many other scandals. Perhaps now his perception of political invincibility bolstered by years of media pandering may be coming to an end, and history may have to reveal the truthful story behind his administration. I'll believe it when I see it, but I am hopeful that the truth can be discovered in court through evidence. On this Report I have limited time and space and can therefore only scratch the surface of the body of lies surrounding the entire scandal commonly known as Russia gate. According to recent tweets from President Trump, it should be known as Obama gate. Why would that title be appropriate; because it is obvious from the evidence that President Obama from the very start met with the group of operatives, he then dispatched to undermine the Trump presidency. This undermining was in fact an attempt at a bloodless coup against the will of the people of the United States to make their own choice in elected officials. Right now, the House of Representatives and especially the Department of Justice (DOJ) directed by Attorney General Bob Barr, are investigating how a three-year campaign commonly known as Russia gate could proceed without a shred of evidence to support it. Please keep in mind that what I am talking about is not just my opinion or some rumor, but evidence presented to congress through thousands of pages of documents and through testimony.

Prejudice is its own logic, or, at least, it is impervious to logic, evidence, or critical thinking. This week we'll consider the irrational beliefs behind many of our prejudices. We look at the early American assumption that Native Americans, Africans, and Asians were somehow less than human and then we pay special attention to the case of the British mathematician, Alan Turing, who was of unique importance to both winning World War II by breaking the German Enigma code, and later laying the groundwork for the invention of the computer. In just a few years after the war, Turing was put on trial for being gay and chose suicide over the chemical castration imposed on him. Considering our history of prejudice shines a particular light on the current violence against the trans community.

Today we celebrate the French admiral and explorer who had a female botanist posing as a male valet on his voyage. We'll learn about the botanist who is remembered by the State Flower of California and the Landscape Architect who restored the entire Landscape of Colonial Williamsburg. We'll learn about the Spanish rose breeder who is remembered for cultivating the white Nevada rose,  We'll hear some prose about November from three of the country's top naturalists. We Grow That Garden Library with a fabulous old book about growing your own herbal tea garden, I'll talk about potting up some Paperwhites and Amaryllis and then we'll wrap things up with the codebreaker who also cracked the code on preserving England's garden history.     But first, let's catch up on a few recent events. Cancer, Libra, Virgo: THESE Zodiac Signs love nature and find gardening therapeutic | @Pinkvilla Finally, a horoscope I find myself wholeheartedly agree with - Cancer, Libra, Virgo: THESE Zodiac Signs love nature and find gardening therapeutic. That said, to borrow a phrase from Ratatouille, "Everyone can garden."        Someone keeps stealing my compost, and I have no idea why they want my rotting food  | @billy_penn @amandahoovernj Good Lord. As Compost Services are introduced in new areas of the country, thieves need to understand the contents are only golden if you're a plant.          This is Australia’s most popular indoor plant. |  @bhgaus @Bhg   A delicious choice, mate! The Monstera deliciosa appears in most Australian homes.        The mesmerizing sculptures you can see at The Savill Garden | @SurreySculptors @surreylive  Yes, to all of them! The Savill Garden is hosting the @SurreySculptors 25th Anniversary Exhibition. Take a load off and scroll through the 60 pieces of Art in the Garden! Thank you to all the Artists, Excellent Post @surreylive      Now, if you'd like to check out these curated articles for yourself, you're in luck - because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So there’s no need to take notes or track down links - the next time you're on Facebook, just search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group. Brevities   #OTD Today is the anniversary of the death of the French admiral and explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville, who died on this day in 1729. On Bougainville's expedition, a woman named Jeanne Baret joined the crew after posing as a valet to the expedition's naturalist: Philibert Commerçon. Commerçon had terrible health, and he likely needed Baret to help him.   Baret herself was actually a botanist in her own right.  When the ship stopped in Rio de Janeiro, it was Baret who ventured out into the tropics and returned with the lovely tropical vine that would be named to honor the expedition's commander: Bougainvillea.       #OTD  Today is the birthday of Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, who was born on this day in 1793. When the German poet Adelbert van Chamiso ended up in the San Francisco Bay area, and he wrote about the California poppy, which he named Eschscholzia California after his friend Johann Friedrich Von Eschscholz.   In return, Eschscholz named a bunch of plants after Chamisso - a little quid pro quo. In 1903, the botanist Sarah Plummer Lemmon put forth a successful piece of legislation that nominated the golden poppy (Eschscholzia californica) as the state flower of California.        #OTD  Today is the anniversary of the death of the Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff who died on this day in 1957. Shurcliff's path to Landscape Architecture was not clear cut. His dad had been a successful businessman, and Arthur was supposed to follow in his dad's footsteps and become a Mechanical Engineer. But after receiving his degree from MIT, the field of Landscape Architecture was making waves thanks to the Olmsteds, Charles Eliot, and the Chicago World's Fair. Since no formal degree programs existed at the time, Shurcliff cobbled together his own curriculum at the Lawrence School of Science at Harvard.  All his life, Shurcliff loved being outside. He enjoyed camping and canoeing. He loved scenery and sketching the landscape.  Looking back on his decision to pursue Landscape Architecture, Shurcliff remembered, "All led me away from mechanics toward scenery, toward planning and construction for the scenes of daily life..." In 1904, Shurcliff opened his own firm. Shurcliff designed recreational spaces in and around Boston like the  Rose Garden, the Washington Garden at old North, and the park Back Bay Fens. But, Shurcliff will forever be remembered for the work he did at Colonial Williamsburg.  It was the first time an entire American community was to be restored. John D. Rockefeller financed the project. Shurcliff had over 30 years of experience behind him when he officially started the project on St. Patrick's Day of that year. He didn't just bring his Landscape Architecture skills; he brought everything he had; his training in engineering, his meticulousness, and his ability to get things done through his personal clarity, energy, and charm. The project would use every bit of knowledge, skills, and expertise that Shurcliff had acquired. It wasn't just the buildings that needed restoration; it was the land, the paths and streets, the gardens, and green spaces. It required tremendous research to restore it all. Shurcliff insisted that wherever possible, original items and authenticity was paramount. For example, Shurcliff's team actually went looking for "fence-post holes to ascertain the outlines of a "typical" backyard" - this was a true restoration in every sense of the word.  It took Arthur Shurcliff 13 years to finish the project. But, once it was done, Shurcliff had redefined Williamsburg; helping it to lay claim to it's past and ensuring that Colonial Revival garden design found legitimacy in 20th Century Landscape Architecture.         #OTD  On this day in 1972 that The Greenville News shared an article called Orchidist Finds Hobby Versatile. The orchidologist was Gilbert L. Campbell. At the time the article was published, Campbell had been collecting orchids for six years, and he had amassed a collection of more than 300 plants in addition to a library of orchid reference materials. Campbell recalled, "My first orchid was a gift,' and it led him to visit a commercial orchidologist in Newberry for more information. Orchid lovers grow orchids all year long, and his passion led him to add greenhouses to help with his hobby.  Campbell said, "Some orchidologists do grow their flowers in their homes... but he advises against it. 'Growing an orchid is like being a fisherman,' he says. 'Some fishermen may be content to sit on the bank and fish, but most want to get out in a boat on the lake. It's a lot easier to grow orchids in a greenhouse.' He cites temperature and humidity control as one major benefit of growing the tropic blooms "under glass."  As for why Campbell had two greenhouses, his answer was simple. "He has the two, he says, because he needs a "cool" house for his cymbidium orchids and a "medium" house for his cattleyas. In "orchidese" this means a temperature difference of 5- 10 degrees. A "medium" house, he says, has a minimum temperature of 55 to 60 degrees, and a "cool" house, a minimum of 45-50 degrees. Campbell also advocates fresh air for the plants, which he moves outside in summer and on balmy days throughout the winter. "Orchids, like people, do best in a spring-like fresh-feeling atmosphere," The two things which cause growers the most difficulty, he believes, are proper watering of plants and placement for best performance." When a plant ceases to function properly, it is vulnerable to insects and disease," he notes, adding that his constant problem, snails, crops up periodically. To help combat problems, he makes these recommendations: For the beginner, start with a few mature plants. Orchids like dry roots, so they should be watered thoroughly, then allowed to dry out."       #OTD    Today is the anniversary of the death of the Spanish rose breeder Pedro Dot who died on this day in 1976.  As a young boy, Pedro learned about plants from his father, who was a highly regarded gardener and plant breeder. The estate where his father worked, grew roses and the Marquise of the estate funded Pedro's early work in hybridizing. Dot is remembered for his white rose, which came out in 1927. It was called Nevada and is named for its color.  Nevada is the Spanish word for "snowy."  The British rosarian, Peter Beales, called 'Nevada' one of the best-known semi-double shrub roses.  The American horticulturist and professor, Dr. Griffith Buck, taught horticulture at Iowa State University, and he created over 80 cultivars of rose.  When Buck wanted to name one of his roses after Pedro Dot, he reached out to his son. He wrote: “I wanted to name a rose after Pedro Dot, a famous Spanish rose breeder who supported me in my breeding. I wrote to Pedro’s son, telling him that I would like to name this rose for his father. I told him I knew his father was very proud of being a Spaniard who was also proud of being a Catalonian. His son replied, “If you are going to name it for my father, why don’t you name it in Catalonian and call it ‘El Catala.’” “ which I did.”       #OTD On this day in 1972, the Greenville News shared that the American Rose Society had chosen Pat Nixon to be their patroness. "Mrs. Richard M. Nixon recently accepted an invitation to become the first patroness of the American Rose Society on the invitation of Dr. Eldon W. Lyle, president of the group. She was presented with a brass gilded vase of 24 porcelain roses to commemorate the occasion. The Garden Party roses were created by Mrs. Oscar Tilleaux."         Unearthed Words "Two sounds of autumn are unmistakable, the hurrying rustle of crisp leaves blown along the street or road by a gusty wind, and the gabble of a flock of migrating geese.  Both are warnings of chill days ahead, fireside, and topcoat weather." - Hal Borland, Naturalist   "The wind that makes music in November corn is in a hurry.  The stalks hum, the loose husks whisk skyward in half-playing swirls, and the wind hurries on... A tree tries to argue, bare limbs waving, but there is no detaining the wind." - Aldo Leopold, Ecologist "It is autumn; not without  But within me is the cold.  Youth and spring are all about;  It is I that have grown old." - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Autumn Within     It's time to Grow That Garden Library with today's book: Herbal Tea Gardens by Marietta Marshall Marcin Create your own herbal tea garden! This inspiring guide covers everything you need to know to grow herbs and use them in homemade tea blends successfully. Providing plans for 22 themed tea gardens, Marietta Marshall Marcin offers expert tips for growing and harvesting a variety of common herbs. Clear directions for more than 100 recipes include Flu Brew, Double Green Digestive, and Women’s Energizing Tonic. Before you know it, you’ll be creating enticing herbal teas to suit every occasion.     At the beginning of the book, Marcin shares the Chinese legend of the tea plant. The White Buddha known as Ta' Mo would sit in his garden near the place and meditate through all the seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The White Buddha would meditate unblinking and unsleeping. Finally, after many years, His attention wavered, his chin dropped, and his eyes closed in sleep. When the White Buddha awakened - Perhaps a day or year later - he was so angry with himself for neglecting his meditation that he took out a knife's life, sliced off both his eyelids and threw them on the ground. The Saint's eyelids took root in the fertile soil and grew into a tea bush, the symbol for wakefulness.   I love to find books like this for you - oldie but goodies that are so affordable on the used book market. You can get a used copy and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for under $2.       Today's Garden Chore Now is the perfect time to pot up some Paperwhite or Amaryllis bulbs for forcing this winter. Paperwhites (Narcissus papyraceus) and Amaryllis (Hippeastrumspp.), make great gifts and to your holiday décor. One of my favorite Christmas mantles over the fireplace featured a row of these large silver goblets that I used to pot up Paperwhites.  Along the feet of the goblets, I strung Christmas lights, and on top of the mantle, I had laid a sheet of moss. It was such a gardener's holiday mantle.     Something Sweet  Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart   #OTD Today is the anniversary of the death of Mavis Batey, who died at the age of 92 on this day in 2013. Mavis Batey is remembered for her work with the Enigma research team. Mavis broke the German Enigma code, which allowed the Allied forces to stage their D-Day invasion. In 1955, Mavis and her husband settled on a farm in Surrey. It was here that Mavis began learning about Landscape history.  After Surrey, the Bateys moved to Oxford and lived on a park designed by Capability Brown. The park was also home to a garden designed by William Mason in 1775. Mavis recalled: "We lived in the agent's house, right in the middle of a Capability Brown park, but it was William Mason's garden that really got me. We had to cut our way into it. It was all overgrown and garden ornaments were buried in the grass, but I knew at once it wasn't just an ordinary derelict garden: someone had tried to say something there, I knew at once it wasn't just an ordinary derelict garden: someone had tried to say something there."   It wouldn't be the last garden Mavis Batey saved. In 1986 Mavis was honored with the Veitch Memorial Medal for her work, preserving gardens that would otherwise have been lost to time.      Thanks for listening to the daily gardener, and remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

Alan Turing (1912–1954) was an English mathematician, logician, pioneer of computer science, and wartime code-breaker. He is credited with creating a design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), the early electronic stored-program computer, as well as the Bombe—a decryption device that the British government used during WWII to crack the German “Enigma,” machine, which encrypted secret messages. Jack Copeland is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, where he is Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing. His recent biography Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age draws on many years of conversations with Turing's closest friends and colleagues, and he explores the complex character of this shy genius as well as describing the breadth and importance of Turing's legacy. Copeland's other books include The Essential Turing; Artificial Intelligence; Colossus—The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers; and Alan Turing’s Electronic Brain. He joins us on Culture Insight to share his insight into the life and work of Alan Turing.

Welcome to the History of Computing Podcast, where we explore the history of information technology. Because understanding the past prepares us for the innovations of the future! Todays episode is about Alan Turing. Turing was an English mathematician, cryptanalyst, logician, and the reason he's so famous today is probably his work in computer science, being the father of what's often called artificial intelligence. He built the first true working general-purpose computer, although the first Turning-Complete computer would be the Z3 from Konrad Zuse in 1941. Turning was born in 1912. From a young age, he was kinda' weird, but really good at numbers and science. This started before he went to school and made for an interesting upbringing. Back then, science wasn't considered as important as it might be today and he didn't do well in many subjects in school. But in 1931 he went to King's college in Cambridge, where by 1935 he was elected a fellow. While there, he reimagined Kurt Gödel's limits of proof and computation to develop a model of computation now common known as the Turning machine, which uses an abstract machine to put symbols on a strip of tape based on some rules. This was the first example of a CPU, or Central Processing Unit. The model was simple and he would improve upon it throughout his career. Turning went off to Princeton from 1936 to 1938, where he was awarded a PhD in math, after having studied lambda calculus with Alonzo Church, cryptanalysis, and built built three of the four stages of an electro-mechanical binary multiplier, or a circuit built using binary adders that could multiply two binary numbers and tinkered with most everything he could get his hands on. To quote Turing: “We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.” He returned to Cambridge in 1939 and then went to Bletchley Park to do his part in the World War II effort. Here, he made five major cryptanalytical advances throughout the war, providing Ultra Intelligence. While at what was called Hut 8 he pwned the Enigma with the bombe, an electro-mechanical device used by the British cryptologists to help decipher German Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages. The bombe discovered the daily settings of the Enigma machines used by the germans, including which set of rotors was used, their starting positions and the message key. This work saved over 10 million lives. Many of his cryptographic breakthroughs are used in modern algorithms today. Turing also went to the US during this time to help the Navy with encryption and while in the states, he went to Bell Labs to help develop secure speech devices. After the war, he designed the Automatic Computing Engine, what is now known as a Universal Turing machine.This computer used stored programs. He couldn't tell anyone that he'd already done a lot of this because of the Official Secrets Act and the classified nature of his previous work at Bletchley. The computer he designed had a 25 kilobytes of memory and a 1Megahertz processor and cost around 11,000 pounds at the time. In 1952, Turning was rewarded for all of his efforts by being prosecuted for homosexual acts. He chose chemical castration over prison and died two years later in 1954, of suicide. Alan Turing is one of the great minds of computing. Over 50 years later the British government apologized and he was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth. But one of the great minds of the computer era was lost. He gave us the Turing Pattern, Turning Reduction, Turing test, Turing machine and most importantly 10 million souls were not lost. People who had children and grandchildren. Maybe people like my grandfather, or yours. The Turing Award has been given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery since 1966 for technical or theoretical contributions in computing. He has more prizes, colleges, and building and even institutes named after him as well. And there's a movie, called The Imitation Game. And dozens of books detailing his life have been released since the records of his accomplishments during the war were unsealed. Every now and then a great mind comes along. This one was awkward and disheveled most of the time. But he had as big an impact on the advent of the computer age as any other single human. Next time you're in the elevator at work or talking to your neighbor and they seem a little bit… weird - just think… do they have a similar story. To quote Turing: “Sometimes it is the people no one can imagine anything of who do the things no one can imagine.” Thank you for tuning in to this episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We hope you can find the cryptographic message in the pod. And if not, maybe it's time to build your own bo

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Kyle shares the story of the UK's answer to the German Enigma machine: Typex. Spoiler: Unlike Enigma, Typex was never cracked.

Speaker – Robert D. King Founding Dean, College of Liberal Arts Alan Turing was the greatest mathematician Britain produced in the twentieth century. After a brilliant start at Cambridge he became the leading light in the British code-breaking center at Bletchley Park, and he was instrumental in breaking the German ENIGMA cipher by inventing and […]

Your next visit to your doctor may be with an artificial intelligence. Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Craig is on today with Jim Polito as they discuss this in depth on The Jim Polito Show on WTAG. These and more tech tips, news, and updates visit - CraigPeterson.com --- Related Articles: Your Next Appointment May Begin By Talking With An Artificial Intelligence --- Transcript: Below is a rush transcript of this segment, it might contain errors. Airing date: 10/30/2018 Your Next Doctor Visit May Be With An Artificial Intelligence Craig Peterson: [00:00:00] Good morning, everybody. Craig Peterson here this morning. I was on with Jim Polito. And of course he is down in mass covers pretty much the whole state, parts of Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut. So it's always fun to be on with him, too. Because not only does he have a lot of listeners, but he's a fun, great guy. Love the guy. Now, he was talking about his doctor's office, and how he thinks they might be using this artificial intelligence to book appointments, change appointments, etc. And he's been meaning to ask me about that for a while. So I had, I think, some great information that many people will be interested in. And I think you're going to be interested in it for real personal reason, this could be happening to you. And if you're in the medical field, or you know, someone in the medical field, you're going to listen to this as well, because there will be huge impacts throughout our whole society. So here we go with Jim Unknown 0:57 as a topic for today. I'm talking about our tech guru Craig Peterson. Good morning, sir. Unknown 1:03 Good morning. Unknown 1:05 Well, listen, here's the deal, I swear. And I've been meaning to ask my doctor's office and the guy is a British accent. So it's either an answering service that answers for them a calling center, or its actual artificial intelligence. And I feel like with the little bit of a delay in the way that he answers that it could actually be a computer I'm talking with, and you're saying we're not doing it could be right. Yeah, Unknown 1:34 absolutely. In fact, that there's a couple of audio samples in today's in the email. Yeah. Unknown 1:41 Danny, you know what? Because of my problem with my computer, can you pull up some of those audio, he embedded them right, in the email Craig did. And before we play one of them, Craig, this is actually now possible to have a conversation with a computer. Yeah, Unknown 1:59 this is happening more and more out. And, and it shocked me. It really it started in a few different websites, for instance, there. Have you ever use this site called Facebook? Unknown 2:13 Oh, yeah, of course. Unknown 2:16 Actually. It's open right now on my computer. And but I have a problem with this desktop right now with my email. So go ahead. Yeah, so Facebook, Unknown 2:26 Facebook Messenger. And there are a lot of companies that have taken messenger now and tied it into what are called bought. So when you send a message to somebody to some company, and you get a pretty quick response, that's almost always the computers that tech has been around for a while you're asking about your doctor's office, which is interesting, because as you pointed out, there's companies like an angel, there's a couple of others out there, that what they do is they listen to your voice. And they have kind of a pre-program, very limited script. In the you're also mentioned that which is, you know, say the extension here calling or tell me what problem you're trying to solve today. And it's obviously a computer. Well, things have changed lately, because of the whole advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence. And it's gotten to the point where, at the very high end, yeah, these systems can have a conversation with you. And that conversation, you really can't tell that it's a computer, and that's the ultimate touring casts you touring was the guy and Bletchley Park over in the UK. Yeah, who came up with the code breaker for the German Enigma machine. So we were able to break the German code for all the last time for so the war and he just a brilliant man, but he said, the ultimate tasks will be can you tell the difference between talking to a human or talking to a computer? Yeah, yeah, Unknown 4:12 that was just a movie that came out about that it didn't do well. And it was kind of weird, but it was a very wealthy IT person conducting what would be an illegal test to determine that the Turing test Yeah, can you tell the difference? Are you able to know? Yeah, Unknown 4:33 we are literally just years away from a passing missions pass the Turing test. So in answer to your question about your doctor, your years, probably a pause because the guy probably is in the UK or, or some other place. And so it takes a little while for the data for your voice to get there to come back. Okay. And you notice that on shelves for so for instance, you and I are talking this morning and there is a one or two-second delay, I'm I'm down in Washington, DC in the belly of the beast. Oh, boy. Unknown 5:10 You feel sorry. Please. prayers for me. If you Unknown 5:13 don't forget to take a shower before you leave there, you know. Yeah, Unknown 5:16 so your doctor? Probably not. Okay. There's a great example. Hopefully, Danny. Unknown 5:25 Danny, why don't you play that audio of this artificial intelligence? having a conversation happening healthier? Unknown 5:30 Hi. I'm calling to book a woman's haircut for our clients. I'm looking for something on May 3. Unknown 5:37 Give me one second. Unknown 5:40 Mm hmm. Unknown 5:43 Sure. What time are you looking for? Well, Unknown 5:47 at 12 pm, we do not have a 12 pm available. The closest we have to that is a 115. Do you have anything between 10 am and 12 pm? Depends what service she would like. What services she looking for. Unknown 6:04 Just a woman's haircut for now. Okay. We have a 10 o'clock. 10 am is fine. Okay. What's her first name? The first name is Lisa. Unknown 6:15 Okay, perfect. So I will see Lisa at 10 o'clock on May 3. Okay, great. Thanks. Great. Have a great day. Bye. Unknown 6:23 Now. The computer was making the appointment right Craig? Unknown 6:28 Yes. Yeah. Yeah. digital system that's it Unknown 6:32 now nobody all the day did was teach it to make that appointment and but also be able to understand the responses from the woman answering the phone? Yeah, Unknown 6:43 well, it was a little bit more than that they this was really kind of a first-generation artificial intelligence developed by Google and they had trained is all about phone calls, phone call etiquette. How human make phone calls and all about women's beauty salon. So the AI knew about that. And did you notice that she did a couple of things like she like the artificial intelligence through and some Yeah, Unknown 7:15 I mean, you could tell it was a little, you know, but there's no way that that woman on the other end of the line was suspicious at all. Unknown 7:25 No, I don't think she was she was busy with their job. But that's that's what Google's aiming for. And these other companies is, you know, we've got things like Alexa their homes and offices and that Google Home and apple and I, Siri and others, those are all aiming at this will know what you like thing, know what you need, and they will be able to not only make care appointments for you, but think about this thing. Like your doctor's example. your doctor's office might have an artificial intelligence as well. So you'll have to a ice hockey I know Unknown 8:04 but you know, I was I was actually changing an appointment when I made that call. And that's why I thought this is strange. But anyway, that's very, very interesting. Is the other example that you put in the same as this one Unknown 8:19 different Apple much more difficult looking at a restaurant Unknown 8:25 restaurant reservation. Okay, let's try this. Unknown 8:30 I hear you. Hi. I'd like to reserve a table for Wednesday. The second Unknown 8:37 seven people. Unknown 8:39 Um. It's for people for people Unknown 8:46 Wednesday at 6 pm. Unknown 8:49 Oh, actually. We need to fill light opera like a five people healthier for me. Well, you can come Unknown 8:57 How long is the way usually to be seated. Unknown 9:01 When? Tomorrow week? A Unknown 9:04 for next Wednesday. The seventh? Oh, nice. Not too easy. If you can cover for Unknown 9:13 Oh, I gotcha. Thanks. Unknown 9:16 That was pretty good. Because the woman had a language issue and wasn't answering because of that was giving incorrect answers. And the computer which was the man calling to make the reservation was able to adapt. Wow, Unknown 9:35 that's something when we're thinking about your doctor's appointment with your kind of how we started this whole conversation. Yeah, we're getting into the point now. Where Unknown 9:49 I hate to say it. Yeah, but artificial intelligence Now, depending on what the diseases but just generally, the tests that have been done much attentive to the patient needs Unknown 10:04 gifts, the correct like most Yeah, at a much higher rate. Unknown 10:11 It's good. It's gonna be like Star Wars, there's gonna be a droid over me taking out my appendix. Unknown 10:18 That's what's gonna happen. It's when it's like what we're doing. Now. I have a service that I use that I can get on Skype with and cost your doctor and you know, the doctor can prescribe certain basic medications. Yeah, but now the doctor says, Yeah, you better go to the emergency room. Right? Right. You know, so the next step beyond that isn't the doctor on guy, it's an AI on Skype, or the phone or whatever, helping you out, tried to do bit of attack, gnosis have been sending you to maybe a hospital, if that's what you mean. And it's hard to be way for anything we have today. And it's going to be very efficient. And I don't know how the bedside manners going to be. But you listen to these calls, then the artificial intelligence in both cases was very polite. Yeah. And maybe it'll be better. But no, Unknown 11:16 you never know. This was fascinating. Folks. This is just one topic with Craig Peterson and weekly he provides me with many. And if you would like to actually get the same information that I receive every week, you can do it all the job to do is not the artificial intelligence and text My name to this number 855-385-5553. That's 855-385-5553 standard data and text rates apply. But I promise you, the real Craig Peterson will get back to you not an Android, right. And when I say right, I mean, the Google hardware. I mean, like in the old movies, we used to call them androids, right? Unknown 12:08 Enjoy Yeah. droids. But Google is Unknown 12:14 a statement from George Lucas Craig was this was fascinating and so when I get the English guy again, I'm I am going to ask them Are you a computer Unknown 12:27 question is how should they answer Unknown 12:29 right yeah, no, Jim I'm not a computer. Yeah, Unknown 12:35 there are proposed was that says that if you ask and a Unknown 12:40 half good proposed lot, not there yet. Unknown 12:45 Open the pod bay doors. How open the pod bay doors how Unknown 12:51 Craig theaters on our tech talk crew fascinating segment. Thank you, Greg. Unknown 12:55 Thanks, Jim. Unknown 12:56 Bye-bye. Bye. Bye. We will be back with a fun Unknown 12:58 Hey, don't forget to visit online http://craigpeterson.com. Sign up for my weekly emails. You'll get everything that we just talked about with Jim, in fact, a whole lot more because I think I had eight different articles that I curated this week and we only got two one so make sure you visit me online http://craigpeterson.com. Also that's where you will find out about these special free master classes that I have no credit card required absolutely no commitment on your part other than to show up and these are great training. You should see the feedback I've gotten on my webinars. I have hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of positive comments from people so I know you'll enjoy them. But the only way you'll find out make sure you subscribe. http://craigpeterson.com/subscribe. Hey, we'll be back tomorrow. Take care. Bye-bye. --- Don't miss any episode from Craig. Visit http://CraigPeterson.com/itunes. Subscribe and give us a rating! Thanks, everyone, for listening and sharing our podcasts. We're really hitting it out of the park. This will be a great year!  More stories and tech updates at: www.craigpeterson.com Don't miss an episode from Craig. Subscribe and give us a rating: www.craigpeterson.com/itunes Follow me on Twitter for the latest in tech at: www.twitter.com/craigpeterson For questions, call or text: 855-385-5553

Phoebe and Tom speak with Ruth Bourne, a former member of the Women's Royal Naval Service who operated mechanical 'bombe' computers at the Bletchley Park codebreaking centre during World War II. Ruth now volunteers at the Park, teaching the public about its incredible history. We discuss what it felt like to be part of a top-secret wartime project, the challenging and strenuous work that Ruth and her colleagues did every day, and the ingenious science behind both the German Enigma code and the machines that eventually broke it. To find out more about Bletchley Park, and book a visit to see surviving machines in action (and perhaps meet Ruth herself!), head to https://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/. ---- Engenius is produced by a team of engineering students at the University of Bristol. To ask a question, submit an idea, or just say hi, email us at engeniuspodcast@gmail.com Intro/outro music kindly provided by @yemzo.

Max Sklar starts off the Local Maximum podcast. He goes over the purpose of the podcast, and the push for 10 episodes. Aaron Bell interviews Max on Bayesian vs Frequentist Statistics. Mathematical reverends, German Enigma's, and Tampered Dice.

Bletchley Park. We visited the legendary "Home of the Codebreakers", where Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman and an assorted cast broke the German Enigma code machine during WWII. This is another of our intrepid and and about recordings. Hopefully what it loses in sound quality it makes up in atmosphere. Please visit our website https://ourhistorypodcast.com/ where I will be posting pictures and references.

August 2016 Hear from a German Enigma operator for the first time in the August 2016 episode of the Bletchley Park Podcast, Enigma from the other side. Sharing her unique story as part of Bletchley Park’s Oral History Project, Irmgard Enge, later Copley, tells how she was part of a secret operation to make sure the Allies did not find out how badly German aeroplanes and munitions factories were being damaged by bombs. She also recalls friendly - and less friendly - French people living near the air base where she was posted. Once the war had ended, Irmgard reluctantly agreed to go to a dance with her friend. She hadn’t wanted to go because there would be British soldiers there and she didn’t want to dance with the enemy. But her friend persuaded her and there she met her husband, an English soldier. Also in this month’s episode, we meet a man who grew up just beyond the boundary fence of Bletchley Park during World War Two. He joined a long queue in the rain to have treasures valued for the BBC antiques show, Flog It. The show’s host, Paul Martin, reveals which items he tries to persuade people to keep, going somewhat against the programme’s underlying principle. Last but not least, change is afoot at the hugely successful 1940s Boutique. The day long workshop and tutorial is opening its doors to customers who want a spot of pampering, without the DIY. As well as workshops on how to create the iconic looks of the 1940s and 1950s, the experts themselves will be styling customers’ hair and make-up; all in the tranquil surroundings of the Victorian mansion which became the site of some of WW2’s most secret work. Thanks to The Three Belles for the music in this episode, you can find them at www.thethreebelles.com Visit Bletchley Park. It happened here. Book now. Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #Enigma, #WW2Veteran, #History, #Retro, #FlogIt

Benedict Cumberbatch and Kiera Knightley starred in 2014's The Imitation Game. Set in the midst of World War II, The Imitation Game tells the story of British mathematician Alan Turing and his quest to conquer the German Enigma code. While the movie did a great job relaying what it did, there's more to the story of Turing's amazing life and its incredibly sad end. Music credits and show notes can be found here: http://www.basedonatruestorypodcast.com/03-the-imitation-game/

Unlike this week's film, you're not gonna have to crack a code to listen to this episode of NBRR&M, but we do guarantee the same amount of social awkwardness and bad jokes! Join us as we dive into a listener's request of The Imitation Game. Starring Benedict Cumberbatch, the film centers on a group of Britain's most-intelligent trying to crack the German Enigma machine during WWII. You're not going to want to miss this! 

Jennifer Harrison reads Images Reflections Gathering Tributes Andy Jackson reads from The Weight of The Glass live at The Dan Poetry longer extended version available at spokenword3cr.podbean.com Patrick Macgillicuddy Alexander (20 March 1940 – 21 September 2005) was an Irish-born poet who settled in Australia. Alexander was the son of Hugh Alexander, the Anglo-Irish mathematician famed for his work on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War II. Born in Dublin, Dublin (County), Ireland he studied to be an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) in London and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1960. He remained there, except for nine years in Sydney in the late sixties and early seventies. During his time in Sydney he began submitting to magazines. His publications include Thrown Shadows (1976); five short poems, re-edited as one appeared in Poetry London (London, 1979); Effects of Remembrance (1994); Images Reflections Gathering Tributes(1995), amongst others. He gave several readings of Blake, of the pre-Raphaelites, and of Japanese Poetry in Translation at the National Gallery of Victoria. Alexander was renowned as a performance poet. He was from 1983 to 2004 the only artist to produce an event for every Melbourne Fringe Festival. The relationship of the voice and the written word in poetry was an abiding interest for him. In honour of his contribution, the Festival has named the spoken performance prize the Patrick Alexander Memorial Award. He died in Fitzroy, Victoria. His papers are held by the State Library of Victoria

Bletchley Park is where brilliant people worked tirelessly to break the German Enigma code, and others. More importantly, it wasn't just Alan Turing. In fact, thousands of people, 80 percent of them women, worked at Bletchley Park. Scott talks to Dr. Sue Black, who used social media to raise awareness of the current state of Bletchley Park and help return the site to solvency.

Alan Turing, born 23 June 1912, is famous for his key role in breaking German codes in World War II. But for mathematicians, his greatest work was on the invention of the computer. Alan Turing's brilliance at maths was spectacular. Aged 22, just a year after his graduation, he was elected a fellow of King's College Cambridge. And it was just a year after that, that he turned his attention to problems in the foundations of mathematics and ended up showing that a simple machine, set up to read and write numbers and to run a few basic functions, could in principle do all the things that are do-able in mathematics. His 'universal' machine was just a concept - a paper tape that could be read, interpreted and acted on robotically. But the concept was profound. World War II shortly afterwards took Turing's talents into other directions, but even while designing machines at Bletchley Park to break the German Enigma codes, he was wondering how much more a computing machine might do - play chess for example.And although the war work might have delayed Turing's academic work, it greatly accelerated progress in electronics, so that in 1945 he returned to his first love, creating a complete design for what he expected to be the world's first fully programmable computer, the National Physical Laboratory's ACE - the Automatic Computing Engine. In the end, beset by hesitation and bureaucratic delays, the ACE was overtaken by a rival team in Manchester, whose Small Scale Experimental Machine first ran on 21 June 1948. But the Manchester Baby as it became known, fulfilled the requirements laid down in Turing's seminal 1936 paper, and in a handful of instructions had the power to do any kind of maths or data processing, like a computer of today does. Turing soon joined the Manchester team, and again with remarkable prescience started work on artificial intelligence, wondering whether electronic machines could be programmed not just to do maths, but to think in the way human minds do - a hot topic of debate even now. Those explorations were cut short by his death in 1954, two years after he'd been prosecuted for his homosexuality. His death at a time when official secrecy still hid his code-breaking work, and when the history of computing was already being written meant that few appreciated his central role in today's dominant industry. But some enthusiasts hope they can write him back in where he belongs.In this second of two episodes devoted to Turing, the BBC's Roland Pease follows the events following Turing's design for the ACE machine at NPL, and the race against the Baby Computer in Manchester.(Image: Alan Turing. Credit: Bill Sanderson/Science Photo Library)

Alan Turing - born a hundred years ago on June 23 - is most famous for his key role in breaking German codes in World War II. But for mathematicians, his greatest work was on the invention of the computer. Discovery explores the legacy of the great man with a two-part special.Alan Turing's brilliance at maths was spectacular. Aged 22, just a year after his graduation, he was elected a fellow of King's College Cambridge. And it was just a year after that, that he turned his attention to problems in the foundations of mathematics and ended up showing that a simple machine, set up to read and write numbers and to run a few basic functions, could in principle do all the things that are doable in mathematics. His 'universal' machine was just a concept - a paper tape that could be read, interpreted and acted on robotically. But the concept was profound. World War II shortly afterwards took Turing's talents into other directions, but even while designing machines at Bletchley Park to break the German Enigma codes, he was wondering how much more a computing machine might do - play chess for example.And although the war work might have delayed Turing's academic work, it greatly accelerated progress in electronics, so that in 1945 he returned to his first love, creating a complete design for what he expected to be the world's first fully programmable computer, the National Physical Laboratory's ACE - the Automatic Computing Engine. In the end, beset by hesitation and bureaucratic delays, the ACE was overtaken by a rival team in Manchester, whose Small Scale Experimental Machine first ran on June 21 1948. But the Manchester Baby, as it became known, fulfilled the requirements laid down in Turing's seminal 1936 paper, and in a handful of instructions had the power to do any kind of maths, or data processing, like a computer of today does. Turing soon joined the Manchester team, and again with remarkable prescience started work on artificial intelligence, wondering whether electronic machines could be programmed not just to do maths, but to think in the way human minds do - a hot topic of debate even now. Those explorations were cut short by his suicide in 1954, following prosecution for his homosexuality. His death at a time when official secrecy still hid his code-breaking work, and when the history of computing was already being written meant that few appreciated his central role in today's dominant industry. But some enthusiasts hope they can write him back in where he belongs.In this first of two episodes devoted to Turing, producer Roland Pease follows the events leading up to Turing's design for the ACE machine at NPL.(Image: Alan Turing. Credit: Bill Sanderson/Science Photo Library)