Hardtack

Fueled by events that reflected Gilded Age American economic, cultural, and political interests in the preceding years, the presence and role of sensationalist styled news medium known as “yellow journalism” found its place into the fray and was woven into the fabric of America's foreign affairs. “Yellow journalism” furthered American ambitions of empire and aided foreign policy efforts in advancing overseas expansion through the exploitation of the Cuban War of Independence. Sources Avalon Project - Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898. Accessed June 26, 2021. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp. Calhoun, Charles W. The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007. Dill, William A. “Growth of Newspapers in the United States.” Kansas University Scholar Works. Kansas University. Accessed June 24, 2021. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/21361/dill_1928_3425151.pdf?sequence=1. MacOwen, Arthur H. Remember the Maine. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Accessed June 24, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/static/classroom-materials/spanish-american-war-the-united-states-becomes-a-world-power/documents/remember.pdf. War Movie Watch War Movies: The American Battle in Cinema | Prime Video (amazon.com) Amazon.com: War Movie: The American Battle in Cinema [DVD] : Steve Summers, Dale Dye, Jonathan Rosenbaum, Steven Jay Rubin: Movies & TV National Museum of the Pacific War (pacificwarmuseum.org) --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

Tune in to this episode and pick up where Hardtack left off last week in our interview with the President and CEO of the Go For Broke National Education Center, Dr. Mitch Maki. Sources:  Go For Broke National Education Center - YouTube Go For Broke – National Education Center nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/442nd-regimental-combat-team Redress and Reparations for Japanese American Incarceration | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans (nationalww2museum.org) Achieving the Impossible Dream: HOW JAPANESE AMERICANS OBTAINED REDRESS (Asian American Experience): Maki, Mitchell T, Kitano, Harry H, Berthold, S Megan, Matsui, Robert T: 9780252067648: Amazon.com: Books --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

Shortly after Japan launched its surprise attack on Naval Station Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, resulting in over 100k West Coast citizens and residents of Japanese descent into incarceration camps. Racism against Japanese Americans rapidly increased as distrust ballooned. What many Americans failed to realize was that Japanese Americans were also inflamed at the attack on Pearl Harbor. Afterall, they were Americans, too. Sources: Go For Broke – National Education Center nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/442nd-regimental-combat-team Redress and Reparations for Japanese American Incarceration | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans (nationalww2museum.org) Achieving the Impossible Dream: HOW JAPANESE AMERICANS OBTAINED REDRESS (Asian American Experience): Maki, Mitchell T, Kitano, Harry H, Berthold, S Megan, Matsui, Robert T: 9780252067648: Amazon.com: Books --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

Tune in to this episode of Hardtack for an interview with a special guest, the producer, director, writer, and editor of the five-part documentary series, War Movie: The American Battle in Cinema, Steve Summers. War Movie is a documentary series that examines not only the history of war in American cinema, but how this medium has shaped our country's perspective on conflict, foreign policy, race, masculinity and national identity. Sources and Links: Watch War Movies: The American Battle in Cinema | Prime Video (amazon.com) Amazon.com: War Movie: The American Battle in Cinema [DVD] : Steve Summers, Dale Dye, Jonathan Rosenbaum, Steven Jay Rubin: Movies & TV Amazon.com: War Movie: The American Battle in Cinema [Blu-Ray] : Steve Summers, Dale Dye, Jonathan Rosenbaum, Steven Jay Rubin: Movies & TV War Movie: The American Battle in Cinema (TV Series 2023) - IMDb National Museum of the Pacific War (pacificwarmuseum.org) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

Standing five feet six inches tall and weighing just 145 pounds, the hazel eyed Catholic man of Eastern European descent fit the profile the FBI and Army Intelligence department were looking for in 1966 for a “special assignment.” The brown haired, spectacled man spoke Czech and German, had an understanding of Russian and several other Slavic languages. More than that, their man had proven himself to be of quick wit, assertive, and confidant in his capabilities. His memory was sharp and his recall abilities the sort you may expect from any fictional sleuth like James Bond or Sherlock Holmes, though the FBI was not looking for their Soviet Era James Bond. The special mission involved the right man with the right nerve and background to walk into the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City and be used as bait.  With a reputation as a hard man, married to a European woman, and having a mother still living behind the Iron Curtain in Czechoslovakia, Rudolph Ciglar had the personality and the background that made him the ideal candidate for the job as double agent. Unfortunately, the assignment also resulted in his untimely and still questionable death. You can find the Hardtack socials, website, and Patreon via ⁠⁠⁠linktree⁠⁠⁠. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Sources: Widows - William R. Corson, Susan B. Trento, Joseph J. Trento Ralph J. Sigler : Federal Bureau of Investigation : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

The Battle of Tannenberg was one of the first major battles of World War I, fought between Russia and Germany in East Prussia. The early decisions of German leadership in World War I, and consequently the Eastern Front, resulted from the German war plan of 1914. However, Eighth Army's operations in East Prussia did not adhere to the plan's original course of action. Although outnumbered, the Imperial German Army successfully and overwhelmingly outperformed the Russian First and Second Armies in mobilization, strategic and tactical execution, logistics, and reconnaissance. The Battle of Tannenberg was one of Germany's earliest, most decisive tactical victories. The Saber and Scroll Socials: The Saber and Scroll Journal (scholasticahq.com) The Saber and Scroll Journal: Volume 11, Number 2, Winter 2022: Ballard, Jeffrey: 9781637238356: Amazon.com: Books You can find the Hardtack socials, website, and Patreon via ⁠⁠linktree⁠⁠. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - ⁠⁠Bread Dad ⁠ Sources: Duffy, Michael “Firstworldwar.com.” First World War.com - Primary Documents - The Battle of Tannenberg by Paul von Hindenburg, August 1914. Accessed July 24, 2021. https://www.firstworldwar.com/source/tannenberg_hindenburg.htm. Gurko Vasiliĭ Iosifovich. Memories & Impressions of War and Revolution in Russia, 1914-1917. London: John Murray, 2010. Hoffman, Max. “Chapter III - The Battle of Tannenberg.” Essay. In The War of Lost Opportunities, 27–38. Eschenburg Press, 2018. Showalter, Dennis E. Tannenberg: Clash of Empires, 1914. United States: Potomac Books, Inc., An imprint of the University of Nebraska Press, 2004. Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2013. Sweetman, John. Tannenberg 1914. London: Cassell, 2002. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

On November 7th, 1938, Ernst vom Rath, a Nazi Party member and German Foreign Office diplomat was assassinated by a 17 year old Polish-German Jew named Herschel Grynspan. Grynspan entered the German embassy in Paris on the morning of November 7th and requested to speak with an embassy official claiming to have an important document to deliver. It was vom Rath, a secretary to the German ambassador that received Grynspan. When the 29 year old vom Rath stood face to face with the 17 year old, he asked, “Did you have an important document to give me?” Grynspan drew a handgun from his jacket and responded, “You are a filthy Boche and here, in the name of 12,000 persecuted Jews, is your document!”, then fired five rounds. Vom Rath was struck twice and mortally wounded. The response of the Nazi party, the encouragement of the people's retaliation, and the order for authorities to stand down were likely beyond the mental imaginings of 17-year-old Herschel Grynspan when he fired five rounds from his pistol and mortally wounded vom Rath. So, too, was the young man likely unaware of the havoc his actions and vom Rath's death would have on all Germany. You can find the Hardtack socials, website, and Patreon via ⁠⁠linktree⁠⁠. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - ⁠⁠Bread Dad ⁠ Sources: Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction by Sir Martin Gilbert The Official Website of Sir Martin Gilbert The official website of Sir Martin Gilbert - 20th Century British Historian and the official biographer of Sir Winston Churchill - Sir Martin Gilbert The Trials of Herschel Grynszpan: Anti-Jewish Policy and German Propaganda, 1938-1942 https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.slq.qld.gov.au/stable/27668588?seq=2 Wuldor Razors https://a.co/d/elapDPk --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

The Sengoku Period, or Warring States Era, of Japan began in 1467 with the Onin War. Feudal Japan was characterized by violence between warring states, where kinsmen cut each other down in bids for territorial superiority. Independent warlords among the domains unleashed their samurai and fighting men on each other in anarchic attempts to gain dominance. Rivalries ebbed and flowed. Alliances formed and were shattered. Allegiance among warlords was only to self, cooperation existed only when it benefitted the warlords. For the peasant class life was hell, which resulted in regular instances of ikki, or peasant class uprisings. Power began to consolidate in the mid-16th century when a group of warlords had singled themselves out as primary dominators in their regions, having bested their rivals. These “great power” warlords boasted superior militant groups, greater territorial expansion, and grew their base through the exploitation of their weaker neighbors. But when great powers exist, great conflict arises. From the conflicts of these superior warlords came the unification campaigns of Sengoku Japan. Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu were the three great warlords at the center of Japan's unification. Nobunaga died in 1582 before Japan could be truly unified and the rogue warlords brought to heel. His successor Hideyoshi accomplished unification in 1590, though resistance had not been entirely eradicated. It was Tokugawa Ieyasu, after Hideyoshi's death in 1598, that made Japan whole in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara. A battle which brought about Japan's final Shogunate, and in which this episode's subject participated at the age of only sixteen. Miyamoto Musashi, born Miyamoto Bennosuke, met with difficulty at a young age and some details of the legendary swordsman remain unclear. However, one defining theme is evident even in his earliest years: that Miyamoto's life was to be one characterized by violence. The Book of Five Rings: Link You can find the Hardtack socials, website, and Patreon via ⁠linktree⁠. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - ⁠Bread Dad  Sources: BRINKLEY, Frank, and Dairoku KIKUCHI. A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era ... By Capt. F. Brinkley ... with the Collaboration of Baron Kikuchi ... With 150 Illustrations ... and Maps. New York & London, 1915. Miyamoto, Musashi, and William Scott Wilson. The Book of Five Rings. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 2012. Miyamoto, Musashi, Lawrence A. Kane, and Kris Wilder. Musashis Dokkodo (The Way of Walking Alone): Half Crazy, Half Genius, Finding Modern Meaning in the Sword Saints Last Words. Burien, WA: Stickman Publications, 2015. TC 2-91.4 Intelligence Support to Urban Operations, TC 2-91.4 Intelligence Support to Urban Operations § (2015). https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/tc2_91x4 FINAL.pdf. Wilson, William Scott. The Lone Samurai: the Life of Miyamoto Musashi. Boston: Shambhala, 2013. Yoshikawa, Eiji, Charles S. Terry, Edwin O. Reischauer, and Eiji Yoshikawa. Musashi. New York: Kodansha, 2012. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hardtackpod/support

In 27 BCE, Rome transitioned from a republic to an empire. Emperor Augustus Caesar reinstated past political institutions and championed reform that enabled peace, prosperity, and targeted corruption. The rule of Augustus brought about the beginning of Pax Romana, or Roman Peace, a nearly 200-year period that is considered to have been Rome's “golden age”. During this time, the Roman Empire reached the pinnacle of its expansion, its population increased, and economic, military, and government institutions experienced stability and growth. Rome laid its extensive road system, connecting the expanses of the Empire with the ancient world where “all roads lead to Rome”. The people of Rome lived in relative safety and security. But the road to Roman Peace was not paved straight, level, or on solid foundation. It was treacherous, broken and twisted, with rises and falls, and it was built with the bones and blood of its people, and of the people that Rome had conquered. In the years before 27 BCE Rome had created for itself a multitude of enemies. Germanic tribes, British Celts, Dacians, Armenians, Numidians, and scores of others had reason to hate the great Empire, and desired only to add Roman bones to the ever-growing pile. However, not all enemies were of foreign origin. Some enemies could be found within Rome, on its streets, and some within Rome's own Senate. So learned Dictator for Life, Julius Caesar, on the Ides of March, 44 BCE as he bled out on the floor of the Curia of Pompey, surrounded by some that he called “friend”. This is Hardtack Episode 27: The Assassination of Julius Caesar. You can find the Hardtack socials, website, and Patreon via linktree. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Sources: Sizgorich, Tom. "Julius Caesar." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2023. Accessed March 8, 2023. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/Search/Display/1669996. Nicolaus of Damascus' account appears in Workman, B.K. They Saw it Happen in Classical Times (1964); Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars (Penguin Classics), translated by Robert Graves (1957). Dio's Rome, Volume 2 by Cassius Dio Cocceianus --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Historian Richard A. Gabriel neatly summarized Philip II's legacy, “Had there been no Philip to bring the Macedonian national state into existence, to assemble the economic and military resources to unite Greece, to create the bold strategic vision of conquering Persia, and to invent the first modern, tactically sophisticated and strategically capable military force in Western military history as the instrument for accomplishing that vision, the exploits of Philip's son Alexander is Asia would not have been possible.” Give this episode a listen and learn more about the charismatic and amazing life of Philip II of Macedonia You can find the Hardtack socials via linktree. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Sources: Philip II of Macedon: Great than Alexander by Richard A. Gabriel The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian Tucker, Spencer C., and Lee L. Brice. "Philip II of Macedon." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2023. Accessed February 13, 2023. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/Search/Display/1722643. Diodorus on the death of Philip - Livius Herodotus on the Macedonian royal House - Livius --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The year was 9 CE. Autumn winds, rain, and cool air blew through the trees of western Germania's forests. The waters of the Rhine River were beginning their annual swell in the wake of summer's heat. Though the autumns of Germania were relatively moderate, the season was one of transition and marked by a climate subject to swift change, even week to week at times. So, it was in September in the north of the Germanic central uplands when a certain Roman general marched his men into a pass between Kalkriese Hill and dense, boggy swampland. Unbeknownst to the Romans, they were marching into a bloody, hellish gauntlet that, for them, was to characterize their last days on Earth. The days that followed were a harrowing bloodbath that destroyed three veteran Roman legions and rocked the Roman Empire, and its leader, to the core. You can find the Hardtack socials via linktree. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Sources: The battle that stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the slaughter of the legions in the Teutoburg Forest https://brewminate.com/annihilation-of-a-roman-army-the-battle-of-teutoburg-forest/ Long Term Decline of the Roman Military World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society - Long Term Decline of Roman Military (apus.edu) A General History of Europe: The Decline of the Ancient World by A.H.M. Jones History of the Goths by Herwig Wolfram Dyck, Ludwig Heinrich. "Arminius." Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 12, 2019. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Arminius/ Fisher, Martini. "Publius Quinctilius Varus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 10, 2019. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus/ "Florus on the Germanic Wars." Livius. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.livius.org/sources/content/florus/florus-on-the-germanic-wars/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The year was 1962. In February, John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. The World's Fair took place on April 21st in Seattle, Washington and the Space Needle, which stands at 602 feet tall and features a rotating SkyCity restaurant, was unveiled to the world. Black student John Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi leading to public backlash and rioting. Marvel's Spiderman swung onto the comic book scene. Algeria gained independence from France, Jamaica from Great Britain. Blonde bombshell Marilyn Monroe famously sang Happy Birthday to American President John F. Kennedy in May, only to be found dead from an overdose three months later in August. Nelson Mandela was arrested for sabotage. The first James Bond film, Dr. No, hit London theaters. And for thirteen days in October the world held its breath, faced with the threat of nuclear war. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: at hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet View http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/v891/Nay.pdf The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis Hotline agreements: 1963 U.S.-Soviet Memorandum of Understanding https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Hotlines Speech by Nikita Khrushchev on the Cuban Missile Crisis https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/speech_by_nikita_khrushchev_on_the_cuban_crisis_23_may_1963-en-7a223f24-7d74-434c-928b-85724626734d.html Kennedy Speeches Cuban Missile Crisis | JFK Library The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letter Letter From President Kennedy to Chairman Khrushchev, October 22, 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum (jfklibrary.org) The Naval Quarantine of Cuba (navy.mil) --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Executing a plan developed and approved by the Eisenhower administration, President John F. Kennedy deployed a brigade of 1,400 Cuban exiles to overthrow Cuban Dictator Fidel Castro in 1961. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was terribly executed and a significant disaster for the Kennedy administration. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: at hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: The History of the Bay of Pigs Invasion https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs Cuban Revolution https://www.thoughtco.com/the-cuban-revolution-2136372 Cold War Timeline https://titanmissilemuseum.org/about/cold-war-timeline/ U.S. and Cuba Relations https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/wha/rls/fs/2001/2558.htm#:~:text=As%20a%20result%2C%20the%20United,the%20October%201962%20missile%20crisis. U.S. and Cuba Relations https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-cuba-relations Germany 1945-1949 https://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/germany-1945-1949-a-case-study-in-post-conflict-reconstruction Bay of Pigs Strategy Case Study https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2017/5/2/bay-of-pigs-a-case-study-in-strategic-leadership-and-failed-assumptions Operation Ajax https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/06/20/64-years-later-cia-finally-releases-details-of-iranian-coup-iran-tehran-oil/ The Founding of NATO https://www.nato.int/wearenato/why-was-nato-founded.html The Truman Doctrine https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine#:~:text=With%20the%20Truman%20Doctrine%2C%20President,external%20or%20internal%20authoritarian%20forces. The Cuban Revolution https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=headwaters --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The Imperial Japanese Army was born of, and found its conclusion in, violent conflict. Westernization had come to Japan during the mid to late nineteenth century and divided the nation, for a time reversing the unification efforts of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Consisting of warring clans and provinces governed by a militarily ordered form of government, feudal Japan was a nation designed from warfare, and warfare had long been an essential thread in the weave of Japanese society. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Barker, A. J. Japanese Army Handbook 1939-1945. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1979. Brinkley, Frank and Kikuchi, Dairoku A History of the Japanese People From the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. Andesite Press, 2015. Clancey, Patrick, ed., TM-3 30-480 Technical Manual Handbook on Japanese Military Forces §. Accessed February 10, 2022. https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-7.html?fbclid=IwAR0u_LliAyyGUjGIvNLMTVIBQCiD8LvHzSQ_hUF4eF5yQLNPbxSW4ZPAVas. Drea, Edward J. “In the Army Barracks of Imperial Japan.” Armed Forces & Society 15, no. 3 (1989): 329–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8901500301. Drea, Edward J. Japan's Imperial Army: Its Rise and Fall 1853-1945. Read.amazon.com. Kansas City, KS: University Press Kansas, 2009. https://read.amazon.com/?asin=B01EBBK. Paine, S. C. M. The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Smith, Richard J. “Meiji Japan and Late Qing China: Some Comparisons.” Charter Oath IWSM Preface. Accessed January 29, 2022. http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~asia/CharterOathIWSMPreface.html. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The year 1915 was a significant year for the participants of the Great War, and a great many memorable events occurred. The Gallipoli Campaign commenced, along with the Raid on the Suez Canal, the Second Battle of Ypres began, the RMS Lusitania passenger ship was sent to the seabed by a German U-Boat, to name a few. A lot was happening. The Great War was heating up. These campaigns, events and battles are definitely areas of WWI that most military history enthusiasts have heard of, but have you heard of the Battle of Dogger Bank? You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Germany's high sea fleet in the World War, written by Carl Friedrich Heinrich Reinhard Scheer (Admiral in the Imperial German Navy) https://archive.org/details/germanyshighseaf00sche The king's ships were at sea : the war in the North Sea, August 1914-February 1915 by Goldrick, James https://archive.org/details/kingsshipswereat0000gold/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/navaloperations00newbgoog/page/n14/mode/2up (from page 82) Philbin, Tobias R., III (1982). Admiral von Hipper: The Inconvenient Hero. Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Co. Battle of Dogger Bank: https://navymuseum.co.nz/explore/by-themes/world-war-one/battle-of-dogger-bank/ The Battle of Dogger Bank as then Lieutenant AD Boyle serving in HMS New Zealand recalled it: https://navymuseum.co.nz/explore/by-themes/world-war-one/battle-of-dogger-bank-lt-a-d-boyle/ SIGINT and Electronic Warfare (As it relates to Room 40) https://web.archive.org/web/20120805161935/http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologic_spectrum/electronic_warfare.pdf https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/voices-of-the-first-world-war-war-at-sea https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/the-battle-of-dogger-bank-january-1915/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The United States Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human medical experiments at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland between 1955 and 1975. During the twenty year span, the US Army Chemical Corps exposed approximately 7,000 volunteer soldiers to over 250 chemicals ranging from alcohol, LSD, nerve agents, to simple caffeine in research focused on disabling enemy troops in combat scenarios. Strap in because this is going to get trippy. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Chemical Warfare: Secrets Almost Forgotten by Dr. James S. Ketchum CDC | Facts About Lewisite CDC | Facts About Sulfur Mustard Court-Filed Documents | VVA v. CIA (edgewoodtestvets.org) Chemical weapons testing at Edgewood Arsenal through the years (baltimoresun.com) Edgewood/Aberdeen Experiments - Public Health (va.gov) Long-Term Health Effects of Army Test Subjects (dtic.mil) www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=2058&page=1 Operation Delirium | The New Yorker Vietnam Veterans of America et al. v. Central Intelligence Agency, et al. (edgewoodtestvets.org) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fDAOFgye1M --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

This week we are joined by the Australian Military History Pod host, Warwick. In this special episode, we will talk about the horrific Sandakan Death Marches. One of the many consequences that followed after the Commonwealth forces surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Army in the Battle for Singapore in 1942. Learn about the Battle for Singapore, Hellfire Pass, and the series of forced marches in Borneo from Sandakan to Ranau. Prisoners of War were forced to march even whilst dealing with serious illnesses such as Beriberi and Malaria. Those who stopped or could not complete the march were either shot or bayoneted to death. The Sandakan Death Marches cost the lives of 2,500 Allied POWs. Only six Australian soldiers survived, and that's only because they managed to escape. Warwick's from the Australian Military History Pod: Instagram Linktree Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Battle for Singapore: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/E84308 Remembering the Fall of Singapore: https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/blog/fall-of-singapore https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/resources/bitter-fate-australians-malaya-singapore https://www.awmlondon.gov.au/battles/singapore https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/lismore/an-end-to-war-japanese-soldiers-account-of-borneo/news-story/a734870561b3da67674490c67431be8c --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

On January 8th, 1966, at 0930h Indochina Time, salvos of American artillery, napalm, and explosive ordnance from B-52s rained down on an underground Viet Cong base believed to be a political headquarters. The location was the Ho Bo Woods of the Binh Duong Province in South Vietnam, 70 km north of Ho Chi Minh City. It was about to become host to a seven-day joint mission executed by the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. But, these allies soon discovered that the assumed headquarters held a much more surprising secret: a sophisticated, underground logistical tunnel system spanning over 200km. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: 1965 - Vietnam - 1 RAR Association Incorporated The Dispatch - Google News Archive Search Ho Bo Woods, Vietnam War, 1960s - Film 1017413 - YouTube Ho Chi Minh City 1966 Past Weather (Vietnam) - WeatherSpark Viet Cong Tunnels and Traps - Platoon: The True Story: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsLE6EtrvhM John M. Carland, Stemming the Tide, May 1965–October 1966, United States Army in Vietnam (Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2000), 169–173, Stemming the Tide, May 1965 to October 1966 (army.mil). Vietnam: A Television History; Operation Crimp, 3rd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division. Iron Triangle, Cu Chi district. U.S. soldiers exploring Vietcong cave; Hau Nghia Province. (wgbh.org) 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment | Australian War Memorial (awm.gov.au) https://www.historyhit.com/tunnel-warfare-during-world-war-one/ https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/tunnel-rats-and-flame-throwers-joe-cazey-vietnam-war-digital-story-and-oral-history https://www.thenmusa.org/articles/tunnel-rats-of-the-vietnam-war/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

In May of 1918, after years of resistance against foreign rule dating back to ancient times, and even genocide at the hands of the Ottoman Empire, Armenia won its independence. In this episode we will explore some of Armenia's history, Russian and Ottoman politics in the Caucasus Region, and visit the battlefield of Armenia's freedom. Join us this week as we take a trip 104 years into the past and visit the once chaotic and war-torn nation of Armenia. You will even get to hear Sam say hodge-podge. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Armenia: At the Crossroads - Robert Krikorian, Joseph Masih - Google Books Armenia : the survival of a nation : Walker, Christopher J., 1942- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Caucasian Battlefields: A History Of The Wars On The Turco Caucasian Border 1828-1921 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Epilogue - History of Armenia (armenica.org) Gurko Vasiliĭ Iosifovich. Memories & Impressions of War and Revolution in Russia, 1914-1917. London: John Murray, 2010. Mehmet Vehib Pasha (Kaçı) - Turkey in the First World War (turkeyswar.com) Musa Gurbuz, “TURKISH MILITARY ACTIVITIES IN THE CAUCASUS FOLLOWING THE 1917 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: THE BATTLE OF SARDARABAD AND ITS POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES,” Review of Armenian Studies 19-20 (2009): pp. 107-120, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/777679. The significance of the Battle of Sardarabad (1918) – VEMKAR SARTARABAD - KOHAR | ՍԱՐԴԱՐԱՊԱՏ - ԳՈՀԱՐ | Live in Lebanon 2015 - YouTube Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2013. Sweetman, John. Tannenberg 1914. London: Cassell, 2002. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Join us this week as we discover the clandestine missions of the United States Air Force 20th Special Operations Squadron in Vietnam and Operation Pony Express. Operation Pony Express was one of the most successful operations conducted during the Vietnam War, and the efforts of the United States Air Force 20th SOS went beyond the borders of Vietnam in direct opposition to communist pursuits in the whole of Southeast Asia. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Anderson, David L. The Columbia History of the Vietnam War. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2017. Haas, Michael E., and Dale K. Robinson. Air Commando! :1950-1975: Twenty-Five Years at the Tip of the Spear. Hurlburt Field, FL: Air Force Special Operations Command, 1994. Leary, William M. “CIA Air Operations in Laos, 1955-1974 Supporting the ‘Secret War.'” Studies in Intelligence, 1999, 71–86. https://www.cia.gov/static/b0ded4a88b63ece00c9eb41369812fda/CIA-Air-Ops-Laos.pdf. Mullen, Max, and Keith Mullen. Pony Express Pilot Max Mullen's Flight Log December 1967. Keith Mullen, May 20, 2020. Mutza, Wayne. Green Hornets: The History of the U.S. Air Force 20th Special Operations Squadron. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2007. “T. O. 1H-3(C)E-1 Flight Manual USAF Series CH-3E and HH-3E Helicopters.” United States Air Force Printing Office, September 1, 1973. “TM 55-1520-210-10 OPERATOR'S MANUAL ARMY MODEL UH-1H/V HELICOPTERS.” Washington D.C.: Headquarters Department of the Army, February 15, 1988. Vergun, David. “Grueling 38-Hour Struggle in Jungle Leads to Medal of Honor.” www.army.mil, September 15, 2014. https://www.army.mil/article/132963/grueling_38_hour_struggle_in_jungle_leads_to_medal_of_honor. Vietnam Outline Map Without Political Boundaries. Mapsofworld.com. Accessed December 17, 2021. https://www.mapsofworld.com/vietnam/vietnam-outline-map.html. Whitlow, Robert H., and Jack Shulimson. US Marines in Vietnam. Www.marines.mil. History and Museums Division Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1982. https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/US%20Marines%20in%20Vietnam%20An%20Expanding%20War%201966%20%20PCN%2019000308600_1.pdf?ver=2012-10-11-164136-230. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

In this series' final part, we will discuss the Dunkirk Evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo. The miracle of 338,000 Allied soldiers rescued from the beaches of Dunkirk over nine days. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Grehan, John. Dunkirk: Nine Days That Saved an Army: A Day-By-Day Account of the Greatest Evacuation, Pen & Sword Books Limited, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uql/detail.action?docID=5434866 https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Join Mike and I this week as we discuss Germany's 1940 invasion of Belgium and the Western Front. We follow the British Expeditionary Force and their Allies' numerous counteroffensives against the Wehrmacht in the Battle of Boulogne and the Siege of Calais. Tune in and learn about the failed Allied counteroffensives before the evacuation at Dunkirk. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Belgian American Educational Foundation (1941), The Belgian Campaign and the Surrender of the Belgian Army, 10–28 May 1940 (Third ed.), University of Michigan "Deep Defences, Belgian Fortifications, May 1940". www.niehorster.org. Retrieved 2020-07-08. Grehan, John. Dunkirk: Nine Days That Saved an Army: A Day-By-Day Account of the Greatest Evacuation, Pen & Sword Books Limited, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uql/detail.action?docID=5434866. Keegan, John (2005), The Second World War, New York: Penguin Books, ISBN 978-0-14-303573-2 https://totallyhistory.com/battle-of-belgium/ https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Former United States Army Soldier Israel Keyes became a terrifying and meticulous serial killer who evaded police detection for over a decade. With an arsenal of kill caches buried across the United States, ready to be unearthed at his pleasure, Keyes terrorized unsuspecting victims with blatant disregard for human life. Join Mike and Sam for this special AWOL episode that is sure to leave you sleeping with one eye open. You can find the Hardtack Community on all of our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: FBI Records: The Vault — Israel Keyes https://www.legacyalaska.com/obituaries/Samantha-Koenig?obId=19079866 https://vsp.vermont.gov/unsolved/missing/a/currier https://nypost.com/2019/06/30/how-a-vermont-couple-ended-up-in-a-serial-killers-gruesome-chain-of-carnage/ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-keyes-fbi-evidence-serial-killer-unknown-victims-48-hours/ Israel Keyes' Ransom Photo of Samantha Koenig (thecinemaholic.com) Samantha Koenig: Body of missing Alaska barista believed found in Matanuska Lake, police say - CBS News Serial Killer Israel Keyes' Suicide Letter Is Creepy Ode to Murder - ABC News (go.com) --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Tune in to part two of this two-part series on Operation Iceberg, the American invasion of the Japanese island of Okinawa, the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific and final battle of World War II. You can find the Hardtack Community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Appleman, Roy E., James M. Burns, Russell A. Gugeler, and John Stevens. United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Okinawa: The Last Battle. History.army.mil. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1948. https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/index.htm#contents. Giangreco, D. M. Hell to Pay: Operation Downfall and the Invasion of Japan 1945-1947. Read.amazon.com. Naval Institute Press, 2020. https://read.amazon.com/?asin=B07FRJGY4R&language=en-US. Head, William. “Raymond Spruance.” World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO Solutions, 2021. worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/Search/Display/872790. Huber, Thomas M. Okinawa 1945. Havertown, PA: Casemate Pub., 2003. Task Force 58. Taskforce58.Org. Accessed September 19, 2021. https://www.taskforce58.org/task-force-58-task-force-38/. Yahara, Hiromichi, and Gibney Frank B. The Battle for Okinawa. New York: Wiley, 1997. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Tune in to part one of this two-part series on Operation Iceberg, the American invasion of the Japanese island of Okinawa, the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific and final battle of World War II. You can find the Hardtack Community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: Appleman, Roy E., James M. Burns, Russell A. Gugeler, and John Stevens. United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Okinawa: The Last Battle. History.army.mil. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1948. https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/index.htm#contents. Giangreco, D. M. Hell to Pay: Operation Downfall and the Invasion of Japan 1945-1947. Read.amazon.com. Naval Institute Press, 2020. https://read.amazon.com/?asin=B07FRJGY4R&language=en-US. Head, William. “Raymond Spruance.” World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO Solutions, 2021. worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/Search/Display/872790. Huber, Thomas M. Okinawa 1945. Havertown, PA: Casemate Pub., 2003. Task Force 58. Taskforce58.Org. Accessed September 19, 2021. https://www.taskforce58.org/task-force-58-task-force-38/. Yahara, Hiromichi, and Gibney Frank B. The Battle for Okinawa. New York: Wiley, 1997. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Food is sustenance, it keeps us alive, it keeps us energized and it keeps us happy. In the context of military history, it can also determine the outcome of a battle. Tune in and learn about our episode's namesake, Hardtack, and a brief history of military rations from America, Australia, and Japan. You can find the Hardtack Community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and stab that subscribe button! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table Sources: American Rationing 18th Century Soldier's Rations - Cooking Series at Jas Townsend and Son S1E1, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUt1ZHs3wQ8. Boatner, Mark Mayo. The Civil War Dictionary. New York : McKay, 1959. http://archive.org/details/civilwardictiona0000unse_x8g4. “Founders Online: From George Washington to John Hancock, 4–5 August 1775.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed September 29, 2022. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0150. “Founders Online: General Orders, 8 August 1775.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed September 29, 2022. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0173. Rezneck, Samuel. “Horsford's ‘Marching Ration' for the Civil War Army.” Military Affairs 33, no. 1 (1969): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/1984484. Australian Rationing https://www.oldtreasurybuilding.org.au/work-for-victory/housewives-to-action/food-rationing/ https://www.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-11/operational_ration_o2_0.pdf https://australianfoodtimeline.com.au/1915-army-rations-in-world-war-i/ https://www.mreinfo.com/international-rations/australian-rations/australian-cr5m/ https://www.alimentarium.org/en/fact-sheet/military-rations https://www.alimentarium.org/en/fact-sheet/appertisation https://www.thc.texas.gov/blog/hardtack-original-mre#:~:text=Hardtack%20was%20a%20favored%20food,both%20sides%20were%20given%20hardtack. https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit Japanese Rationing Barker, A. J. Japanese Army Handbook, 1939-1945. New York, NY: Hippocrene Books, 1979. Cook, Haruko Taya, and Theodore Failor Cook. Japan at War: An Oral History. London: Phoenix, 2000. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Looking for something exciting? Perhaps a bit of murder? Tune in and learn a bit about the Sicarii, a group of Ancient Jewish assassins willing to do whatever necessary in opposition of Roman rule in first-century CE Judea. You can find the Hardtack Community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and stab that subscribe button! Sources: Brighton, Mark Andrew. The Sicarii in Josephus's Judean War Rhetorical Analysis and Historical Observations. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009. Charles River Editors, The Sicarii: The History of the Ancient Jewish Assassins Who Fought the Romans. Josephus, Flavius. THE WARS OF THE JEWS OR HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM. Translated by William Whiston. Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2850/2850-h/2850-h.htm. Korb, Scott. Life in Year One: What the World Was like in First-Century Palestine. New York: Riverhead Books, 2010. Law, Randall David, ed. The Routledge History of Terrorism. The Routledge Histories. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2015. THE SICARII IN MASADA — GLORY OR INFAMY? Sidney B. Hoenig. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23256300 Zeitlin, S. “Zealots and Sicarii.” Journal of Biblical Literature 81, no. 4 (December 1962): 395-98. https://doi.org/10.2307/3265095. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

What is cryptology? What is "Purple" and Operation Magic? How are they related to American and Japanese relations? What does any of it have to do with Pearl Harbor? Tune in and try to decipher the enigma of the American Black Chamber and discover the beginnings of American cryptology. You can find the Hardtack Community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Sources: Cipher Machines. https://ciphermachines.com/purple. Magic | Operations & Codenames of WWII. https://codenames.info/operation/magic/. Farago, Ladislas, The Broken Seal: The Story of Operation Magic and the Pearl Harbor Disaster. Random House. New York, NY 1967. Friedman, William F. Certain Aspects of "MAGIC'' in the Cryptological Background of the Various Official Investigations into the Atuack on Pearl Harbor. PDF. National Security Administration, 1957. The Washington Naval Conference, 1921–1922. Milestones: 1921–1936 - Office of the Historian (state.gov) "Home." National Security Agency | Central Security Service. https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/friedman-documents/. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

From ancient to modern times, innovators have dreamt up a wide variety of vehicles as means of travel, for the transport of goods and materiel, or for the sake of simple entertainment. Militaries have not been immune to the innovative itch, and have had their fair share of unique, inventive vehicles, built with a specific task in mind and aimed at benefiting operations. However, not all of these vehicles were successful creations. Join us this week as we discuss the unconventional military vehicles of history. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Sources: Crow, Duncan (1970). AFV's of World War One. The French And Their Anti-Tank Gun Vespa Scooters | SOFREP The history of Vespa: from its origins in 1946 to the myth This Incredible Plane: Goodyear Inflatoplane - Plane & Pilot Magazine (planeandpilotmag.com) Novgorod (militaryfactory.com) Simms' Motor War Car: The World's First Armored Automobile (hotcars.com) https://web.archive.org/web/20120713030400/ http://www.armyavnmuseum.org/museum/collection/rw4.htm https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/ansaldo-miasmoras-1935 https://www.warhistoryonline.com/military-vehicle-news/top-10-most-bizarre-tanks-ever-built.html?chrome=1 https://aerocorner.com/blog/weirdest-planes/ https://news.usni.org/2015/01/30/unique-ships-u-s-navy --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Following the end of World War II, the world anticipated an ease in tensions amongst global powers, and with Nazi Germany eradicated, a hint of normality was on the horizon. However, a sequence of unprecedented events followed and the Cold War, the birthplace of the Nuclear Arms race and sophisticated networks of espionage, emerged. Listen in and explore the Sino-Soviet Split and the resulting spy wars between the U.S.S.R. and China. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email: hsmilitaryhistory@gmail.com Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! Sources: China at War: An Encyclopaedia - Xiaobing Li China and Russia the Great Game - Clubb O Edmund Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping - Roger Faligot Sino-Soviet Rivalry and the Termination of the Sino-Vietnamese Alliance - Nicholas Khoo How CIA & Chinese PLA joined hands in secret Cold War op to snoop on Soviet Union nukes (theprint.in) https://titanmissilemuseum.org/about/cold-war-timeline/ https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/how-stalin-elevated-the-chinese-communist-party-to-power-xinjiang-1949 Shared secrets: How The U.S. and China worked together to spy on the Soviet Union | Here & Now (wbur.org) The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World - Lorenz M. Luthi The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part I: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-i The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part II | Wilson Center: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-ii The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part III | Wilson Center: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-iii The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part IV | Wilson Center https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-iv --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Americans have coined the Korean War ‘the forgotten war' as it was largely overshadowed by both World War II and Vietnam. However, the Korean War is far from forgotten and the title is perhaps best bestowed upon the Philippine War, fought over a century ago from 1899 to 1902, and overshadowed by the Spanish-American War and World War I. Perhaps as a listener you are learning for the first time that the United States fought a war against the Philippines and are wondering ‘how did the United States get there?' Tune in and learn about the first and bloodiest battle of the Philippine War, the Battle of Manila (1899). You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email. Sources: 120 years ago: Diaries describe the start of the Filipino-American War, February 4, 1899 - The Philippine Diary Project “Alexandria Gazette 6 February 1899 — Virginia Chronicle: Digital Newspaper Archive.” Accessed August 20, 2022. https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18990206.1.2&srpos=3&e=01-01-1899-20-02-1899--en-20--1--txt-txIN-manila-------. De Quesada, A. M. The Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection, 1898-1902. Men-at-Arms 437. Oxford, UK ; New York: Osprey Pub, 2007. Keenan, Jerry. "Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 18, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/756355. Keenan, Jerry, and Spencer C. Tucker. "Elwell Stephen Otis." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 18, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1474488. Linn, Brian McAllister. The Philippine War: 1899-1902. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000. Linn, Brian McAllister. The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899-1902. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Miller, Stuart Creighton. “Benevolent Assimilation”: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. Shircliffe, James E., Jr. "VIII Corps: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 19, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1474417. Sokiera, Jason M., and Spencer C. Tucker. "Asiatic Squadron: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1472970. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

This will be a special, extended episode of Hardtack in recognition of Women's Equality Day, which is observed in the United States every year on August 26th. During this episode we will briefly discuss the origins of Women's Equality Day and the woman who championed the bill in the United States Congress. We will also hear from each of our hosts who have brought their own research on a specific woman and their contributions to Military History. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email. Sources: ABZUG, Bella Savitzky | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives Bella Abzug: How One Tough Broad from the Bronx Fought Jim Crow and Joe McCarthy, Pissed Off Jimmy Carter, Battled for the Rights of Women and ... Planet, and Shook Up Politics Along the Way: Levine, Suzanne Braun, Thom, Mary: 9780374531492: Amazon.com: Books Celebrity Invention: Hedy Lamarr's Secret Communications System - The Atlantic Thank This World War II-Era Film Star for Your Wi-Fi | At the Smithsonian| Smithsonian Magazine Why America's World War II torpedoes were horrible - We Are The Mighty The World War II-Era Actress Who Invented Wi-Fi: Hedy Lamarr – Pieces of History (archives.gov) Women's Equality Day | National Women's History Alliance (nationalwomenshistoryalliance.org) Women in technology: Hedy Lamarr, the mother of Wi-Fi | Thales Group Nancy Wake, The White Mouse - Autobiography of Australia's Wartime Legend https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-secret-british-organisation-of-the-second-world-war#:~:text=Following%20the%20fall%20of%20France,sabotage%20in%20enemy%2Dheld%20territories https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/resources/nancy-wake-stories-service --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The year is 1932, the world is in the midst of the Great Depression, Norway annexes Greenland, Iraq becomes an independent kingdom under Faisal, Japan and the Soviet Union reform their diplomatic connections and Australia enters another Great War… the Great Emu War. For this episode, the squad will be navigating the plains of Western Australia, where we will find a Battalion, if you will, of hungry Emu's motivated to cripple Australia's food supply. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. You can access Warwick's Australian Military History (AMH) podcast's episodes on his linktree, or via his website here. You can also follow the AMH Instagram. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email. Sources: Garner, Joseph. "Looking back: Australia's Emu Wars." Australian Geographic. October 18, 2016. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2016/10/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin/ Hoekstra, Kyle. "The Great Emu War: How Flightless Birds Beat the Australian Army". History Hit. February 4th, 2022. https://www.historyhit.com/the-great-emu-war/ Johnson, Murray. "'Feathered foes': Soldier settlers and Western Australia's 'Emu War' of 1932. Journal of Australian Studies, 30:88, 147-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14443050609388083 Kate. "The Great Emu War of 1932, A Unique Australian Conflict." Nomads World. 2022. https://nomadsworld.com/great-emu-war/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

The Night of the Long Knives, also known as Rohm Putsch, began on June 30th, 1934, when Adolf Hitler along with an entourage of Schutzstaffe began the purge of Sturmabteilung leadership. What followed was a multi-day power consolidation characterized by arrests and slaughter, driven by Hitler's infamous paranoia. The results of the purge made clear to all of Germany that Hitler was both supreme leader and above the law. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email. Sources: Giles, Geoffrey J. “The Denial of Homosexuality: Same-Sex Incidents in Himmler's SS and Police.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, no. 1/2 (2002): 256–90. Hancock, Eleanor. “‘Only the Real, the True, the Masculine Held Its Value': Ernst Röhm, Masculinity, and Male Homosexuality.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 8, no. 4 (1998): 616–41. Jablonsky, David. “Röhm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord.” Journal of Contemporary History 23, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 367–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948802300303. James Somerton. The Story of the Gay Holocaust (Complete Documentary), 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OxH1rqBAgw. Klaus Epstein. The Nazi Consolidation of Power. The Journal of Modern History, March 1962, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 1962), pp. 74-80. The University of Chicago Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1874820. Maracin, Paul. The Night of the Long Knives: Forty-Eight Hours That Changed the History of the World. Guilford, CT: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Incorporated, 2007. Night of the Long Knives: Jonathan Petropoulos | Facing History and Ourselves Eleanor Hancock. The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? Central European History, Vol. 44, No. 4 (DECEMBER 2011), pp. 669-683. Cambridge University Press on behalf of Central European History Society. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41411643 The History Place - Triumph of Hitler: Night of the Long Knives “The Night of Long Knives – The Holocaust Explained: Designed for schools.” n.d. The Holocaust Explained. Accessed July 20, 2022. https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-nazi-rise-to-power/how-did-the-nazi-gain-power/night-of-long-knives/. Vagts, Detlev. “Carl Schmitt's Ultimate Emergency: The Night of the Long Knives.” The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory 87, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 203–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00168890.2012.675795. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

At 0815 on the morning of August 6th, 1945, an atomic bomb known as ‘Little Boy' was released by Bombardier Thomas Ferebee above the Japanese city of Hiroshima. What followed was a new type of destruction never before visited upon humanity. Buildings burned, Japanese citizens ambled about in confused terror and pain, and radiation began its deadly work. Join us for the first episode of Hardtack as we explore the seemingly peaceful moments before the bomb dropped, and the immediate aftermath as told through some of the survivors of this tragic event. You can find the HSMH community on all our socials via our linktree. If you have any feedback on our episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send us an email. Sources: “Anscombe, G. E. M. | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://iep.utm.edu/anscombe/. “Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Date, Facts, Significance, Timeline, Deaths, & Aftermath | Britannica.” Accessed July 9, 2022. August 6, 1945: Statement by the President Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb at Hiroshima | Miller Center Chemistry LibreTexts. “12.1: Isotopes,” November 4, 2020. https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Monterey_Peninsula_College/MPC_CHEM_30A_Introduction_to_Chemistry_for_Health_Sciences/12%3A_Nuclear_Reactions/12.01%3A_Isotopes. Chemistry LibreTexts. “20.7: The Discovery of Fission- The Atomic Bomb and Nuclear Power,” March 11, 2016. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro)/20%3A_Radioactivity_and_Nuclear_Chemistry/20.07%3A_The_Discovery_of_Fission-_The_Atomic_Bomb_and_Nuclear_Power. Chilled Moose. Barefoot Gen 1983 *FULL MOVIE* [ENGLISH DUB], 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olFmklCCccE. Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician by Michihiko Hachiya, Director, Hiroshima Communications Hospital Hiroshima for Global Peace (hiroshimaforpeace.com) Japan At War: An Oral History by Haruko Taya Cook & Theodore F. Cook Hachiya M.D and Michihiko. Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6-September 30, 1945, 2011. Lawfare. “Hiroshima and the Myths of Military Targets and Unconditional Surrender,” August 21, 2020. https://www.lawfareblog.com/hiroshima-and-myths-military-targets-and-unconditional-surrender. nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb525-The-Atomic-Bomb-and-the-End-of-World-War-II/documents/009.pdf PBS NewsHour. “How a Hiroshima Survivor Helped Remember 12 U.S. POWs Killed by Bomb,” May 27, 2016. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-a-hiroshima-survivor-helped-remember-12-u-s-pows-killed-by-bomb. NBC News. “Japanese American Hiroshima Victim on Reality of Being Bombed by His Own Country.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/japanese-american-hiroshima-victim-reality-being-bombed-his-own-country-n1235912. Sink, Bob. “Who Are The Hibakusha? | Hibakusha Stories.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://hibakushastories.org/who-are-the-hibakusha/. TV Tropes. “Barefoot Gen (Manga).” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Manga/BarefootGen. TIME.com. “Survivors of the Atomic Bomb Share Their Stories.” Accessed July 5, 2022. https://time.com/after-the-bomb/. Why Did The U.S. Choose Hiroshima? : NPR --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

Historical Studies – Military History or HSMH is a community dedicated to the promotion of Military History through academic level research, discussion, lecture and other activities that benefit the interest of the field. Hardtack was made as a part of a continued effort in understanding Military History through open, organic discussion. Here we invite listeners not only to consider the topics discussed in this podcast, but to expand upon the material presented and to contribute to the discussions around the subject matter. HSMH offers a platform for listeners and active participants within the community to join in constructive and thoughtful analysis of the world through the lens of military history and consider the human element inherent in warfare. Episode 01 will be available for listening on all major podcast platforms from August 3rd, we hope you'll tune in! For all of our socials: https://linktr.ee/hardtackpod --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support