Podcasts about boulogne

Ce jour-là, le ciel est clair au-dessus de Boulogne-sur-Mer, sur la côte nord de la France. Deux hommes se tiennent prêts à s'élever dans les airs, portés par un engin encore inconnu du grand public : un ballon hybride, à la fois rempli d'hydrogène et chauffé à l'air chaud. À bord, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier et son compagnon, Pierre Romain. Leur objectif ? Traverser la Manche par les airs, et rejoindre l'Angleterre. Un exploit jamais tenté dans ce sens.Pilâtre de Rozier n'est pas un inconnu. Deux ans plus tôt, il est devenu une légende vivante. En novembre 1783, il est le premier homme à s'élever dans les airs à bord d'une montgolfière, au-dessus de Paris. Ce jour-là, il avait prouvé que l'homme pouvait quitter le sol et flotter dans le ciel. Mais aujourd'hui, son rêve est plus grand encore : traverser la mer, montrer que l'aviation peut relier les nations.Pour cette tentative, il a conçu un ballon révolutionnaire : un "aéro-montgolfière", un engin aux deux sources de portance. En haut, une enveloppe gonflée d'hydrogène, un gaz très léger. En bas, une chambre chauffée à la manière d'une montgolfière classique. Une combinaison audacieuse… mais terriblement risquée. Car l'hydrogène est hautement inflammable, et le feu qui réchauffe le ballon n'est jamais bien loin.Le 15 juin, ils s'envolent. Lentement, le ballon s'élève, salué par la foule. Mais à peine une trentaine de minutes plus tard, alors qu'ils survolent encore la terre ferme, tout bascule. Le ballon vacille. Une fuite ? Une étincelle ? Nul ne sait précisément. Mais une chose est sûre : une explosion retentit. Le feu entre en contact avec l'hydrogène. L'enveloppe se déchire. Le ballon chute. Les deux hommes s'écrasent au sol. Il n'y a aucun survivant.Ainsi s'achève l'ultime vol de Pilâtre de Rozier. À 31 ans, il devient, avec Pierre Romain, la première victime d'un accident aérien de l'Histoire. Ce drame choque profondément l'Europe. Le rêve du vol humain vient d'entrer brutalement dans la réalité : celle du danger, du risque, de la limite humaine face à la technologie.Mais cet échec n'effacera pas sa légende. Pilâtre de Rozier restera à jamais l'un des pionniers du ciel. Il a prouvé que voler était possible. Et il est mort en poursuivant ce rêve. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Napoléon Bonaparte, malgré sa volonté affirmée de soumettre l'Angleterre, n'a jamais concrétisé une invasion du Royaume-Uni. Pourtant, l'idée l'a obsédé durant plusieurs années, notamment entre 1798 et 1805. Alors pourquoi cette attaque n'a-t-elle jamais eu lieu ? Plusieurs raisons expliquent cet échec stratégique.Une volonté forte mais contrariéeDès son accession au pouvoir, Napoléon voit l'Angleterre comme le principal obstacle à son hégémonie européenne. Elle finance les coalitions contre la France, domine les mers et refuse tout traité durable. En réponse, Napoléon envisage une invasion directe des îles britanniques, projet baptisé « Opération Boulogne », avec des troupes massées sur les côtes françaises à partir de 1803. Près de 200 000 hommes sont entraînés pour traverser la Manche depuis Boulogne-sur-Mer.La supériorité navale britanniqueLe problème, c'est que pour envahir l'Angleterre, il faut traverser la Manche, et pour cela, contrôler la mer. Or, la Royal Navy domine les océans. Napoléon tente de ruser en imaginant un détour : attirer la flotte britannique vers les Antilles avec un jeu de diversion, puis ramener sa flotte en Europe pour sécuriser un passage. Ce plan complexe aboutit à la bataille de Trafalgar en 1805.L'amiral Nelson y inflige une défaite décisive à la flotte franco-espagnole. La supériorité maritime de l'Angleterre devient incontestable, et tout espoir de débarquement s'effondre. Napoléon comprend alors qu'il ne pourra jamais rivaliser sur mer.Une stratégie continentale de remplacementFace à cet échec, Napoléon change de tactique. Il choisit la guerre économique : c'est le Blocus continental, lancé en 1806, qui interdit à tous les pays européens sous influence française de commercer avec le Royaume-Uni. L'objectif est d'étrangler l'économie britannique. Mais cette stratégie se retourne contre lui, ruinant des économies alliées et poussant certains pays à la révolte, comme la Russie.Une impossibilité technique et politiqueAu fond, même si Napoléon était un stratège redoutable sur terre, il n'avait ni la maîtrise navale, ni les capacités logistiques suffisantes pour traverser la Manche face à la Royal Navy. De plus, l'opinion publique britannique, unie et protégée par la mer, n'a jamais montré de signe de faiblesse permettant une attaque surprise ou un soulèvement interne.ConclusionNapoléon n'a jamais attaqué directement le Royaume-Uni car il en était empêché par un mur naturel — la mer — et un rempart militaire — la flotte britannique. Ce projet abandonné signe l'une de ses rares limites stratégiques : le contrôle des mers lui a échappé, et avec lui, l'idée d'une conquête de l'Angleterre. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Unity in Truth: The Foundation of the Church Today's Readings explore the true nature of Christian unity, . . . . . . emphasizing that unity must be founded on truth, not simply on cooperation or agreement. Drawing from both the words of Jesus in John 17 and the farewell discourse of St. Paul in Acts, the homily warns against false unity based on self-interest or worldly values. True unity is rooted in Christ himself, who is the Truth. Paul models selfless leadership and cautions the early church about those who will seek to exploit the community. His call is not only to church leaders but to every believer . . . to vigilantly guard their hearts and remain grounded in the truth of the gospel. Jesus, in his priestly prayer, does not ask for his church to be successful or influential, but for it to be one in truth, consecrated in him. The Sign and the Source of This Unity St. Paul stresses that truth is not a personal preference or flexible ideal but is objective, unchanging, and embodied in the person of Jesus Christ. The Eucharist . . . Holy Communion . . . is presented as both the sign and the source of this unity. It is not a personal achievement but a divine gift, integrating each believer into communion with Christ and with one another. Only by conforming our lives fully and purely to Christ can we live in true unity, for unity outside the truth is unity in a lie. Listen to: Unity in Truth: The Foundation of the Church --------------------------------------------------------------------- A Quote from the Homily I (St. Paul) sought no gain. I sought not to take from you or receive from you, but to give you what I was entrusted to give you, even to the extent of working to support myself when I was among you. So that in my ministry to you, I would not be a burden to you. And when he makes that claim, he doesn't do that simply to insist on his own credentials or his own goodness. What he is doing is holding forth a standard for all of those who will lead the church as he departs. This is the spirit out of which you must be together. Not seeking first your own benefit, but to contribute what you have been given to contribute, because that is a unity, not founded on self-interest. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Saint Paul Writing His Epistles: French Artist: Valentin de Boulogne: 1600s --------------------------------------------------------------------- Gospel Reading: John 17: 11-19 First Reading: Acts 20: 28-38

Comment (bien) vivre en autonomie dans un appart de 25m2 à Paris par 40° ?Voici Corentin de Chatelperron sur son dernier défi en cours avec l'écodesigneuse Caroline Pultz : 4 mois en autonomie… dans un appart à Boulogne ! SOMMAIRE01:38 Pourquoi en ville ?03:04 L'appart du futur06:13 Règles du jeu12:02 Alerte19:39 L'aventure collective25:00 Anecdotes28:20 Son expérience préférée__Merci au sponsor du mois : la valise écolo Dot Drops !Tu veux voyager écolo ? Découvre leur valise réparable à l'infini et garantie 20 ans sur dotdrops.fr !Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Voici un extrait de l'épisode de demain avec Corentin de Chatelperron sur son dernier défi en cours avec l'écodesigneuse Caroline Pultz : 4 mois en autonomie… dans un appart à Boulogne ! __Merci au sponsor du mois : la valise écolo Dot Drops !Tu veux voyager écolo ? Découvre leur valise réparable à l'infini et garantie 20 ans sur dotdrops.fr !Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

C'était un vendredi. Philippine Le Noir de Carlan, 19 ans, profitait de cette fin de l'été 2024. L'étudiante tranquille de l'Université Paris-Dauphine s'apprêtait à rejoindre ses parents pour le weekend. Personne ne l'a vue disparaître derrière le rideau d'arbres du tout proche Bois de Boulogne. C'est pourtant ici qu'on a retrouvé son corps. Un crime brutal, sans cri et sans témoin. Une enquête ouverte pour meurtre, viol et vol. Grâce à l'ADN, les policiers vont vite identifier un suspect. Le Marocain Taha Oualidat, 22 ans. Retrouvez tous les jours en podcast le décryptage d'un faits divers, d'un crime ou d'une énigme judiciaire par Jean-Alphonse Richard, entouré de spécialistes, et de témoins d'affaires criminelles. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Note aux auditrices et auditeurs : cet épiside a été diffusé une première fois le 29 avril.La traversée risque d'être "un peu agitée", prévient le capitaine Andrew Simons avant de larguer les amarres pour emmener un groupe de voyageurs en Angleterre au départ de Boulogne-sur-mer (Pas-de-Calais) à la seule force du vent.Le vent fait partie des solutions pour décarboner le transport maritime, de fret ou de passagers, responsable de 3% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et le secteur du transport maritime s'est engagé à atteindre la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050. Sail Link, la start-up britannique qui a organisé les voyages sur la Manche, veut démocratiser la voile comme alternative bas carbone aux ferries sur la Manche, entre Douvres et Boulogne-su-Mer.Invités : Laura Salabert, journaliste au bureau de LilleSylvain Roche, professeur à Sciences Po Bordeaux, spécialiste de la décarbonation du secteur maritime Lise Detrimont, déléguée générale de Wind Ship.Réalisation : Emmanuelle BaillonReportage AFPTV : Margaux ChauvineauVoix : Pierre Moutot, Luca MatteucciSur le Fil est le podcast quotidien de l'AFP. Vous avez des commentaires ? Ecrivez-nous à podcast@afp.com. Vous pouvez aussi nous envoyer une note vocale par Whatsapp au + 33 6 79 77 38 45. Si vous aimez, abonnez-vous, parlez de nous autour de vous et laissez-nous plein d'étoiles sur votre plateforme de podcasts préférée pour mieux faire connaître notre programme ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

La France accueille cette semaine la troisième Conférence des Nations unies sur l'océan, à Nice. Le pays a une grande responsabilité dans la protection des mers : grâce à ses territoires d'outre-mer, il compte la deuxième plus grande zone économique exclusive, après les États-Unis. Le gouvernement se targue d'être un modèle en la matière, et soutient que plus de 30% de ses eaux sont protégées. Or, dans la pratique, cela est loin d'être le cas. Sébastien Farcis est parti en reportage dans la région des Hauts-de-France, au bord de la Manche, où d'énormes chalutiers pêchent sans limites dans les aires marines protégées françaises. De notre envoyé spécial à Boulogne-sur-MerLaetitia Bisiaux avance sur le quai de Boulogne-sur-Mer, le plus important port de pêche de France. Et grâce à une application de téléphone, cette spécialiste de l'association environnementale Bloom, identifie les chalutiers présents au large. Y compris ceux qui ne devraient pas être là.« Le Zeeland qui mesure 115 mètres, qui est dans l'aire marine, protégée des Bancs de Flandres. Vous avez aussi un bateau qui s'appelle l'Africa, qui mesure 126 mètres avec une vitesse assez faible. Ce n'est pas du transit, c'est vraiment de la pêche. Donc, rien que l'aire marine protégée des Bancs de Flandres, on peut compter le nombre de points bleus : ils sont une quinzaine dans une toute petite zone qui est censée être protégée pour l'habitat. Et on a des navires de pêche qui pêchent vraiment le fond, qui sont conçus pour racler le fond marin. »Cette région des Hauts-de-France compte trois aires marines protégées. En tout cas sur le papier. Car beaucoup de pêcheurs, eux, n'en connaissent pas l'existence, à l'instar de Pierre Leprêtre, il est propriétaire du chalutier Le Marmouset III. Et il est en train de débarquer une cargaison de deux tonnes d'encornet et de merlan. « Et en face de Calais, dans les eaux anglaises, les Anglais ont mis une grande aire marine protégée et là, on ne peut plus aller dedans. Normalement, il y a du poisson. » Et du côté français, n'y a-t-il pas d'aires marines protégées ? « Il n'y en a pas encore. Après, c'est en pourparlers, mais bon... »Raréfaction du poissonL'association Bloom a calculé qu'en 2023, les navires de plus de 15 mètres ont pêché autant à l'intérieur des aires marines protégées françaises qu'en dehors. Un paradoxe. Dans les Hauts-de-France, certaines techniques destructrices, comme la senne démersale, qui déploie des filets de 2 km², empirent la situation. Et ceci achève les pêcheurs artisanaux plus respectueux de cette faune marine, comme Laurent Merlin : « Il n'y a plus rien le long de nos côtes, tout est rasé, on ne pêche plus un poisson. Et du coup, pour pêcher un peu de sole, on doit partir loin. Et là, c'est de pire en pire. Regardez, j'ai deux collègues, ils ont fait 37 miles de route aller pour pêcher un peu de sole. Ils n'avaient même pas 100 kilos avec la marée de face, ils ont mis cinq heures pour y aller, alors qu'avant, on mettait une demi-heure, une heure, on sortait, on pêchait la sole quoi. »Le Comité régional des pêches affirme avoir fait installer des rondelles en caoutchouc sur les filets pour réduire l'impact sur les fonds marins de ces zones. Mais le résultat de cette technique n'a pas été mesuré, et selon les standards internationaux, elle demeure incompatible avec la protection d'une aire marine.À lire aussiConférence de Nice: en quoi les océans sont importants?

Dans cet épisode, nous avons le plaisir de rencontrer Teddy Andami Averlant et Geoffrey Kondo, deux jeunes footballeurs professionnels qui n'ont jamais intégré de centre de formation. Ils partagent avec nous leur expérience dans le monde amateur ainsi que leur ascension dans le football professionnel. À travers leurs anecdotes, ils évoquent les hauts et les bas de leur parcours. Geoffrey se remémore son remarquable parcours en Coupe de France avec l'USL Dunkerque, où il a notamment battu le LOSC et rivalisé avec le PSG. De son côté, Teddy raconte sa saison palpitante en National avec Boulogne et évoque ses rêves de sélection avec le Gabon.Episode vidéo disponible sur Youtube : ⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@vmapodcastshow⁠⁠⁠Retrouvez nous sur tous nos réseaux !Instagram : ⁠⁠⁠@vmapodcastshow⁠⁠⁠TikTok : ⁠⁠⁠@vmapodcast⁠⁠⁠X : ⁠⁠⁠@vmapodcastshow

Richard Gasquet disputó su último partido en la catedral de la arcilla luego de quedar eliminado por el número 1 del mundo, el italiano Janick Sinner (6/3 6/0 6/4). El legendario tenista francés se despide de su afición a 39 años y con mas de 1000 partidos disputados como profesional. Con un marcador que no superaba los 3 sets (6/3 6/0 6/4) e inclinándose ante el numero 1 mundial, Janick Sinner, el veterano tenista francés Richard Gasquet (39 años) colgaba definitivamente su raqueta. Su longeva trayectoria le llevó a disputar 22 ediciones del abierto de Francia al mismo tiempo que llegó a superar la suma de 1000 partidos como profesional. Pese a que su palmarés se reduce a 16 títulos y varios años anclado al “Top ten” Richard se pudo despedir ante su publico con un homenaje breve y emotivo que quedará grabado entre los momentos fuertes de la presente edición.Así pues, se jubila un histórico para dar paso a la sabia nueva, como es el caso del brasileño Joao Fonseca que a sus 19 años volvía a revolucionar el Bosque de Boulogne tras certificar su pase a tercera rueda. El vencedor en el torneo de Buenos Aires desterraba esta vez al local Pierre-Hugue Herbert (7/6 7/6 6/4) con la intención de medirse el sábado posiblemente a otro nuevo fenómeno del tenis mundial, el británico Jack Draper. En lo que se antoja como un duelo de futuros patrones mundiales.En una jornada en la que se despedían cabezas de serie como el español Davidovich o el australiano de Minaur, pasaban sin muchos contratiempos el serbio Novak Djokovic, que batía al local Corentin Moutet (6/3 6/2 7/6) y el alemán Alexander Zverev, que hacia lo propio ante el neerlandés Jesper de Jong (3/6 6/1 6/2 6/3).Capítulo aparte merece el penúltimo superviviente de la armada argentina, Federico Gómez. Un tenista que despegaba tarde en el circuito debido a problemas de salud mental y que este año se va de Paris firmando su primera victoria en un Grand Slam. Federico que había sido rescatado por la organización luego de caer en la ronda clasificatoria no pudo aguantar el milagro pese a engancharse en el primer set que le media, esta vez, al británico Cameron Norrie (7/6 6/2 6/1). A pesar de ello se va conforme y con un futuro esperanzador en el que esperemos ver el tenis que desplegó en la arcilla parisina.En el cuadro femenino, donde ya no hay supervivientes latinoamericanas, pasaron a la tercera rueda la estadounidense Coco Gauff, su compatriota Madison Keys, la kazaja Putintseva y la española Badosa. Inicio de la tercera ronda Este viernes arranca la tercera rueda con la vuelta a la arcilla de grandes favoritos como es el caso de la numero 1 mundial, la rusa Aryna Sabalenka o la pasada finalista, la italiana Jasmine Paolini.La atención en el cuadro masculino estará prestada en lo que pueda hacer el danés Holger Rune ante el francés Quentin Halys y el defensor del titulo Carlos Alcaraz, quien se medirá al bosnioherzegovino Damir Dzumhur. Anotar igualmente la participación del último superviviente hispanoamericano, el argentino Mariano Navone, quien tendrá que enfrentarse a un duro cliente como es el italiano Lorenzo Musetti.

Prima diretta dal Roland Garros con Vanni Gibertini appena fuori dalle porte dell'impianto di Bois de Boulogne a Parigi a raccontare i retroscena delle prime due giornate dello Slam su terra battuta.Bene l'ingresso in gara delle punte di diamante della spedizione azzurra Sinner, Paolini e Musetti. Nel tabellone maschile uscita di scena per la testa di serie n. 4 Taylor Fritz, estromesso dal tedesco Altmaier (che nel 2023 aveva eliminato Sinner al secondo turno) e anche per la testa di serie n. 18 Francisco Cerundolo, sorpreso dal canadese Diallo.Come di consueto, Vanni Gibertini e Luca Baldissera rispondono alle domande degli spettatori da casa.Dopo il successo del 2024, viene riproposta in versione ampliata la raccolta di contributi per supportare Vanni e Luca nelle loro trasferte per seguire dal posto i tornei più importanti del circuito. Qui sotto il link per chi volesse dare il proprio aiutohttps://www.gofundme.com/f/dirette-e-trasferte-2025-luca-e-vanni-per-ubitennisRitorna Ubicontest, il concorso pronostici di Ubitennis con tanti ricchi premi. Scarica l'app e gioca per vincere la possibilità di andare a vedere di persona i campioni del tennis mondiale.

Capturing the essence of an athlete—let alone defining a career within the grand tapestry of a sport's history—is no easy feat. As the era of the "Big Three" nears its close, Rafael Nadal's reign over clay courts and his unprecedented dominance at Roland Garros stand unmatched—and perhaps forever unrepeatable. On the latest episode of the Beyond The Baselines podcast, renowned journalist Christopher Clarey—former international sports correspondent for The New York Times and International Herald Tribune—offers a multifaceted look at Nadal's legacy: athletic, historical, and deeply human. His new book, The Warrior: Rafael Nadal and His Kingdom of Clay, has garnered praise for its insightful, elegant portrayal of the man behind the legend. The book embraces the romance and comments on and depicts the discipline Rafa brought to the tour, but especially to Roland Garros and the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. Clarey paints a picture of Rafa and Roland Garros that would make even the great French impressionists proud. Monet could not have painted a better canvas, as Clarey calls one of his chapters, using the red brick dust to create a pastel in words that tracks and notates an historic and incredible career. In the book, Clarey explores the profound discipline and emotional depth Nadal brought to the game, particularly in Paris' storied Bois de Boulogne. While Nadal will always be synonymous with clay, Clarey is careful to position him within the broader context of tennis history—not merely as a surface specialist, but as a transcendent champion. Nadal's legendary intensity is captured with charm and detail—whether on court or playing fiercely competitive games of Parchisi behind the scenes. Drawing from over three decades of tennis coverage, Clarey delivers not just facts, but a textured portrait worthy of the greatest French impressionists. Indeed, in a chapter inspired by Monet, Clarey uses the red dust of Roland Garros as his palette, crafting a vivid narrative of a once-in-a-generation career. Though anchored in clay—with a staggering 14-0 record in French Open finals—Nadal's résumé extends far beyond. His eight Grand Slam titles on other surfaces equal the career totals of Connors, Lendl, and Agassi. Clarey deftly examines how evolving surfaces shaped Nadal's journey and what those shifts meant to his enduring greatness. Ultimately, The Warrior is more than a biography—it's an artistic tribute to one of the sport's most iconic figures. Nadal's legacy, etched in grit, grace, and red clay, comes alive through Clarey's masterful storytelling.

I was delighted to talk to the historian Helen Castor (who writes The H Files by Helen Castor) about her new book The Eagle and the Hart. I found that book compulsive, and this is one of my favourite interviews so far. We covered so much: Dickens, Melville, Diana Wynne Jones, Hilary Mantel, whether Edward III is to blame for the Wars of the Roses, why Bolingbroke did the right thing, the Paston Letters, whether we should dig up old tombs for research, leaving academia, Elizabeth I, and, of course, lots of Shakespeare. There is a full transcript below.Henry: Is there anything that we fundamentally know about this episode in history that Shakespeare didn't know?Helen: That's an extremely good question, and I'm tempted now to say no.Helen told me what is hardest to imagine about life in the fourteenth century.I think it's relatively easy to imagine a small community or even a city, because we can imagine lots of human beings together, but how relationships between human beings happen at a distance, not just in terms of writing a letter to someone you know, but how a very effective power structure happens across hundreds of miles in the absence of those things is the thing that has always absolutely fascinated me about the late Middle Ages. I think that's because it's hard, for me at least, to imagine.Good news to any publishers reading this. Helen is ready and willing to produce a complete edition of the Paston Letters. They were a bestseller when they were published a hundred years ago, but we are crying out for a complete edition in modern English.Henry: If someone wants to read the Paston Letters, but they don't want to read Middle English, weird spelling, et cetera, is there a good edition that they can use?Helen: Yes, there is an Oxford World's Classic. They're all selected. There isn't a complete edition in modern spelling. If any publishers are listening, I would love to do one. Henry: Yes, let's have it.Helen: Let's have it. I would really, really love to do that.Full TranscriptHenry: Today I am talking to the historian, Helen Castor. Helen is a former fellow of Sydney Sussex College in Cambridge. She has written several books of history. She is now a public historian, and of course, she has a Substack. The H Files by Helen CastorWe are going to talk mostly about her book, The Eagle and the Hart, which is all about Richard II and Henry IV. I found this book compulsive, so I hope you will read it too. Helen, welcome.Helen: Thank you very much for having me, Henry.Henry: You recently read Bleak House.Helen: I did.Henry: What did you think?Helen: I absolutely loved it. It was a long time since I'd read any Dickens. I read quite a lot when I was young. I read quite a lot of everything when I was young and have fallen off that reader's perch, much to my shame. The first page, that description of the London fog, the London courts, and I thought, "Why have I not been doing it for all these years?"Then I remembered, as so often with Dickens, the bits I love and the bits I'm less fond of, the sentimentality, the grotesquerie I'm less fond of, but the humour and the writing. There was one bit that I have not been able to read then or any of the times I've tried since without physically sobbing. It's a long time since a book has done that to me. I don't want to spoil it for anyone who hasn't read it, but--Henry: I'm sure I know what you mean. That's quite a sentimental passage.Helen: It is, but not sentimental in the way that I find myself objecting to. I think I really respond viscerally to this sentimentalising of some of his young women characters. I find that really off-putting, but I think now I'm a parent, and particularly I'm a parent of a boy [laughter]. I think it's that sense of a child being completely alone with no one to look after them, and then finding some people, but too late for a happy ending.Henry: Too late.Helen: Yes.Henry: You've been reading other classic novels, I think, Moby Dick?Helen: I'm in the middle of Moby Dick as we speak. I'm going very slowly, partly because I'm trying to savour every sentence. I love the sentence so much as a form. Melville is just astonishing, and also very, very funny in a way I hadn't expected to keep laughing out loud, sometimes because there is such humour in a sentence.Sometimes I'm just laughing because the sentence itself seems to have such audacity and that willingness to go places with sentences that sometimes I feel we've lost in the sort of sense of rules-based sentences instead of just sticking a semicolon and keep going. Why not, because it's so gorgeous and full of the joy of language at that point? Anyway, I'm ranting now, but--Henry: No, I think a lot of rules were instituted in the early 20th century that said you can and cannot do all these things, and writers before that point had not often followed those rules. I think what it has led to is that writers now, they can't really control a long sentence, in the sense that Melville and Dickens will do a long sentence, and it is a syntactically coherent thing, even though it's 60, 70 longer words. It's not just lots of stuff, and then, and then. The whole thing has got a beautiful structure that makes sense as a unit. That's just not obvious in a lot of writing now.Helen: I think that's exactly right. Partly, I've been reading some of the Melville out loud, and having just got onto the classification of whales, you can see I'm going very slowly. Those sentences, which are so long, but it's exactly that. If you read them out loud, and you follow the sense, and the punctuation, however irregular it might be in modern terms, gives you the breathing, you just flow on it, and the excitement of that, even or perhaps especially when one is talking about the classification of whales. Just joyful.Henry: Will we be seeing more very long sentences in your next book?Helen: I think I have to get a bit better at it. The habit that I was conscious of anyway, but became acutely so when I had to read my own audiobook for the first time is that I think I write in a very visual way. That is how I read because mostly it's silent.I discovered or rediscovered that often what I do when I want to write a very long sentence is I start the sentence and then I put a diversion or extra information within em dashes in the middle of the sentence. That works on the page because you can see spatially. I love that way of reading, I love seeing words in space.A lot of different kinds of text, both prose and poetry, I read in space like that. If you're reading to be heard, then the difficulty of breaking into a sentence with, whether it's brackets or em dashes or whatever, and then rejoining the sentence further down has its own challenges. Perhaps I ought to try and do less of that and experiment more with a Melvillian Dickensian onward flow. I don't know what my editor will think.Henry: What has brought you back to reading novels like this?Helen: I was wondering that this morning, actually, because I'm very aware having joined Substack, and of course, your Substack is one of the ones that is leading me further in this direction, very inspiringly, is discovering that lots of other people are reading and reading long novels now too. It reminded me of that thing that anyone with children will know that you have a baby and you call it something that you think only you have thought of, and then four years later, you call and you discover half the class is called that name. You wonder what was in the water that led everybody in that direction.I've just seen someone tweet this morning about how inspired they are by the builder next door who, on the scaffolding, is blasting the audiobook Middlemarch to the whole neighborhood.Henry: Oh my god. Amazing.Helen: It's really happening. Insofar as I can work out what led me as opposed to following a group, which clearly I am in some sense, I think the world at the moment is so disquieting, and depressing, and unnerving, that I think for me, there was a wish to escape into another world and another world that would be very immersive, not removed from this world completely. One that is very recognizably human.I think when I was younger, when I was in my teens and 20s, I loved reading science fiction and fantasy before it was such a genre as it is now. I'm a huge fan of Diana Wynne Jones and people like that.Henry: Oh, my god, same. Which one is your favorite?Helen: Oh, that is an impossible question to answer, partly because I want to go back and read a lot of them. Actually, I've got something next to me, just to get some obscurity points. I want to go back to Everard's Ride because there is a story in here that is based on the King's square. I don't know if I'm saying that right, but early 15th century, the story of the imprisoned King of Scotland when he was in prison in England. That one's in my head.The Dalemark Quartet I love because of the sort of medieval, but then I love the ones that are pure, more science fantasy. Which is your favorite? Which should I go back to first?Henry: I haven't read them all because I only started a couple of years ago. I just read Deep Secret, and I thought that was really excellent. I was in Bristol when I read it quite unwittingly. That was wonderful.Helen: Surrounded by Diana Wynne Jones' land. I only discovered many years into an obsession that just meant that I would read every new one while there were still new ones coming out. I sat next to Colin Burrow at a dinner in--Henry: Oh my god.Helen: I did sort of know that he was her son, but monstered him for the whole time, the whole course of sitting together, because I couldn't quite imagine her in a domestic setting, if you like, because she came up with all these extraordinary worlds. I think in days gone by, I went into more obviously imaginary worlds. I think coming back to it now, I wanted something big and something that I really could disappear into. I've been told to read Bleak House for so many decades and felt so ashamed I hadn't. Having done that, I thought, "Well, the whale."Henry: Have you read Diana Wynne Jones' husband's books, John Burrow? Because that's more in your field.Helen: It is, although I'm ashamed to say how badly read I am in medieval literary scholarship. It's weird how these academic silos can operate, shouldn't, probably don't for many, many people. I always feel I'm on horribly thin ground, thin ice when I start talking about medieval literature because I know how much scholarship is out there, and I know how much I haven't read. I must put John Burrow on my list as well.Henry: He's very readable. He's excellent.Helen: I think I can imagine, but I must go into it.Henry: Also, his books are refreshingly short. Your husband is a poet, so there's a lot of literature in your life at the moment.Helen: There is. When we met, which was 10 years ago-- Again, I don't think of myself as knowledgeable about poetry in general, but what was wonderful was discovering how much we had in common in the writing process and how much I could learn from him. To me, one of the things that has always been extremely important in my writing is the sentence, the sound of a sentence, the rhythm of a sentence folded into a paragraph.I find it extremely hard to move on from a paragraph if it's not sitting right yet. The sitting right is as much to do with sound and rhythm as it is to do with content. The content has to be right. It means I'm a nightmare to edit because once I do move on from a paragraph, I think it's finished. Obviously, my editor might beg to differ.I'm very grateful to Thomas Penn, who's also a wonderful historian, who's my editor on this last book, for being so patient with my recalcitrance as an editee. Talking to my husband about words in space on the page, about the rhythm, about the sound, about how he goes about writing has been so valuable and illuminating.I hope that the reading I've been doing, the other thing I should say about going back to big 19th-century novels is that, of course, I had the enormous privilege and learning curve of being part of a Booker jury panel three years ago. That too was an enormous kick in terms of reading and thinking about reading because my co-judges were such phenomenal reading company, and I learned such a lot that year.I feel not only I hope growing as a historian, but I am really, really focusing on writing, reading, being forced out of my bunker where writing is all on the page, starting to think about sound more, think about hearing more, because I think more and more, we are reading that way as a culture, it seems to me, the growth of audiobooks. My mother is adjusting to audiobooks now, and it's so interesting to listen to her as a lifelong, voracious reader, adjusting to what it is to experience a book through sound rather than on the page. I just think it's all fascinating, and I'm trying to learn as I write.Henry: I've been experimenting with audiobooks, because I felt like I had to, and I sort of typically hate audio anything. Jonathan Swift is very good, and so is Diana Wynne Jones.Helen: Interesting. Those two specifically. Is there something that connects the two of them, or are they separately good?Henry: I think they both wrote in a plain, colloquial style. It was very capable of being quite intellectual and had capacity for ideas. Diana Wynne Jones certainly took care about the way it sounded because she read so much to her own children, and that was really when she first read all the children's classics. She had developed for many years an understanding of what would sound good when it was read to a child, I think.Helen: And so that's the voice in her head.Henry: Indeed. As you read her essays, she talks about living with her Welsh grandfather for a year. He was intoning in the chapel, and she sort of comes out of this culture as well.Helen: Then Swift, a much more oral culture.Henry: Swift, of course, is in a very print-heavy culture because he's in London in 1710. We've got coffee houses and all the examiner, and the spectator, and all these people scribbling about each other. I think he was very insistent on what he called proper words in proper places. He became famous for that plain style. It's very carefully done, and you can't go wrong reading that out loud. He's very considerate of the reader that you won't suddenly go, "Oh, I'm in the middle of this huge parenthesis. I don't know how--" As you were saying, Swift-- he would be very deliberate about the placement of everything.Helen: A lot of that has to do with rhythm.Henry: Yes.Helen: Doesn't it? I suppose what I'm wondering, being very ignorant about the 18th century is, in a print-saturated culture, but still one where literacy was less universal than now, are we to assume that that print-saturated culture also incorporated reading out loud —Henry: Yes, exactly so. Exactly so. If you are at home, letters are read out loud. This obviously gives the novelists great opportunities to write letters that have to sort of work both ways. Novels are read out loud. This goes on into the 19th century. Dickens had many illiterate fans who knew his work through it being read to them. Charles Darwin's wife read him novels. When he says, "I love novels," what he means is, "I love it when my wife reads me a novel." [laughs]You're absolutely right. A good part of your audience would come from those listening as well as those reading it.Helen: Maybe we're getting back towards a new version of that with audiobooks expanding in their reach.Henry: I don't know. I saw some interesting stuff. I can't remember who was saying this. Someone was saying, "It's not an oral culture if you're watching short videos. That's a different sort of culture." I think, for us, we can say, "Oh yes, we're like Jonathan Swift," but for the culture at large, I don't know. It is an interesting mixed picture at the moment.Helen: Yes, history never repeats, but we should be wary of writing off any part of culture to do with words.Henry: I think so. If people are reporting builders irritating the neighbourhood with George Eliot, then it's a very mixed picture, right?Helen: It is.Henry: Last literary question. Hilary Mantel has been a big influence on you. What have you taken from her?Helen: That's quite a hard question to answer because I feel I just sit at her feet in awe. If I could point to anything in my writing that could live up to her, I would be very happy. The word that's coming into my head when you phrase the question in that way, I suppose, might be an absolute commitment to precision. Precision in language matters to me so much. Her thought and her writing of whatever kind seems to me to be so precise.Listening to interviews with her is such an outrageous experience because these beautifully, entirely formed sentences come out of her mouth as though that's how thought and language work. They don't for me. [chuckles] I'm talking about her in the present tense because I didn't know her, but I find it hard to imagine that she's not out there somewhere.Henry: She liked ghosts. She might be with us.Helen: She might. I would like to think that. Her writing of whatever genre always seems to me to have that precision, and it's precision of language that mirrors precision of thought, including the ability to imagine herself into somebody else's mind. That's, I suppose, my project as a historian. I'm always trying to experience a lost world through the eyes of a lost person or people, which, of course, when you put it like that, is an impossible task, but she makes it seem possible for her anyway and that's the road I'm attempting to travel one way or another.Henry: What is it about the 14th and 15th centuries that is hardest for us to imagine?Helen: I think this speaks to something else that Hilary Mantel does so extraordinarily well, which is to show us entire human beings who live and breathe and think and feel just as we do in as complex and contradictory and three-dimensional a way as we do, and yet who live in a world that is stripped of so many of the things that we take so much for granted that we find it, I think, hard to imagine how one could function without them.What I've always loved about the late Middle Ages, as a political historian, which is what I think of myself as, is that it has in England such a complex and sophisticated system of government, but one that operates so overwhelmingly through human beings, rather than impersonal, institutionalized, technological structures.You have a king who is the fount of all authority, exercising an extraordinary degree of control over a whole country, but without telephones, without motorized transport, without a professional police service, without a standing army. If we strip away from our understanding of government, all those things, then how on earth does society happen, does rule happen, does government happen?I think it's relatively easy to imagine a small community or even a city, because we can imagine lots of human beings together, but how relationships between human beings happen at a distance, not just in terms of writing a letter to someone you know, but how a very effective power structure happens across hundreds of miles in the absence of those things is the thing that has always absolutely fascinated me about the late Middle Ages. I think that's because it's hard, for me at least, to imagine.Henry: Good. You went to the RSC to watch The Henriad in 2013.Helen: I did.Henry: Is Shakespeare a big influence on this book? How did that affect you?Helen: I suppose this is a long story because Richard II and The Henriad have been-- there is Richard II. Richard II is part of The Henriad, isn't it?Henry: Yes.Helen: Richard II. Henry, see, this is-Henry: The two Henry IVs.Helen: -I'm not Shakespearean. I am. [laughs]Henry: No, it's Richard II, the two Henry IVs, and Henry V. Because, of course, Henry Bolingbroke is in Richard II, and it--Helen: Yes, although I never think of him as really the same person as Henry IV in the Henry IV plays, because he changes so dramatically between the two.Henry: Very often, they have a young actor and an old actor, and of course, in real life, that's insane, right?Helen: It's absolutely insane. I always separate Henry IV, parts I and II, and Henry V off from Richard II because it feels to me as though they operate in rather different worlds, which they do in lots of ways. My story with the Henry ad, now that we've established that I actually know what we're talking about, goes back to when I was in my teens and Kenneth Branagh was playing Henry V in Stratford. I grew up very near Stratford.At 15, 16, watching the young Branagh play Henry V was mind-blowing. I went a whole number of times because, in those days, I don't know how it is now, but you could go and get standing tickets for a fiver on the day. More often than not, if there were spare seats, you would get moved into some extraordinary stall seats at-- I was about to say halftime, I'm a football fan, at the interval.Henry V was the play I knew best for a long time, but at the same time, I'd studied Richard II at school. The Henry IV plays are the ones I know least well. I'm interested now to reflect on the fact that they are the ones that depart most from history. I wonder whether that's why I find them hardest to love, because I'm always coming to the plays from the history. Richard II and Henry V actually have a lot to show us about those kings. They bear very close relationships with a lot of the contemporary chronicles, whereas the Henry IV ones is Shakespeare doing his own thing much more.Particularly, as you've just said, making Henry IV way too old, and/or depending which angle we're looking at it from, making Hotspur way too young, the real Hotspur was three years older than Henry IV. If you want to make Hotspur and how-- your young Turks, you have to make Henry IV old and grey and weary with Northumberland.Back in 2013, the really intense experience I had was being asked to go for a day to join the RSC company on a school trip to Westminster Hall and Westminster Abbey at the beginning of their rehearsal process, so when David Tennant was playing Richard II and Greg Doran was directing. That was absolutely fascinating. I'd been thinking about Richard and Henry for a very long time. Obviously, I was a long way away from writing the book I've just written.Talking to actors is an extraordinary thing for a historian because, of course, to them, these are living characters. They want to know what's in their character's mind. They want to know, quite rightly, the chronological progression of their character's thought. That is something that's become more and more and more and more important to me.The longer I go on writing history, the more intensely attached I am to the need for chronology because if it hasn't happened to your protagonist yet, what are you doing with it? Your protagonist doesn't yet know. We don't know. It's very dramatically clear to us at the moment that we don't know what's happening tomorrow. Any number of outrageous and unpredictable things might happen tomorrow.The same certainly was true in Richard II's reign, goes on being true in Henry IV's reign. That experience, in the wake of which I then went to see Henry IV, parts 1 and 2 in Stratford, was really thought-provoking. The extent to which, even though I'd been working on this period for a long time, and had taught this period, I still was struggling to answer some of those questions.Then I'd just had the similarly amazing experience of having a meeting with the Richard II cast and director at the Bridge Theatre before the Nicholas Heitner production with Jonathan Bailey as Richard went on stage. That was actually towards the end of their rehearsal process. I was so struck that the actor playing Bolingbroke in this production and the actor playing Bolingbroke in the production back in 2013 both asked the same excellent first question, which is so hard for a historian to answer, which is at what point does Bolingbroke decide that he's coming back to claim the crown, not just the Duchy of Lancaster?That is a key question for Bolingbroke in Richard II. Does he already know when he decides he's going to break his exile and come back? Is he challenging for the crown straight away, or is he just coming back for his rightful inheritance with the Duchy of Lancaster? That is the million-dollar question when you're writing about Bolingbroke in 1399.It's not possible to answer with a smoking gun. We don't have a letter or a diary entry from Henry Bolingbroke as he's about to step on board ship in Boulogne saying, "I'm saying I'm coming back for the Duchy of Lancaster." The unfolding logic of his situation is that if he's going to come back at all, he's going to have to claim the crown. When he admits that to himself, and when he admits that to anybody else, are questions we can argue about.It was so interesting to me that that's the question that Shakespeare's Richard II throws up for his Bolingbroke just as much as it does for the historical one.Henry: Is there anything that we fundamentally know about this episode in history that Shakespeare didn't know?Helen: That's an extremely good question, and I'm tempted now to say no.Henry: When I left your book, the one thing I thought was that in Shakespeare, the nobles turn against Richard because of his excesses. Obviously, he really dramatizes that around the death of Gaunt. From your book, you may disagree with this, I came away thinking, well, the nobles wanted more power all the time. They may not have wanted the king's power, but there was this constant thing of the nobles feeling like they were owed more authority.Helen: I think the nobles always want more power because they are ambitious, competitive men within a political structure that rewards ambition and competition. The crucial thing for them is that they can only safely pursue ambition and competition if they know that the structure they're competing within will hold.The thing that keeps that structure rooted and solidly in place is the crown and the things that the crown is there to uphold, namely, particularly, the rule of law because if the rule of law starts to crumble, then the risk is that the whole structure collapses into anarchy. Within anarchy, then a powerful man cannot safely compete for more power because an even more powerful man might be about to roll into his estates and take them over. There have to be rules. There has to be fair competition. The referee is there on a football pitch for a reason.The king, in some senses, whether you want to see him as the keystone in an arch that supports a building or whether he's a referee on a football pitch, there are reasons why powerful men need rules because rules uphold their power. What goes wrong with Richard is that instead of seeing that he and the nobles have a common interest in keeping this structure standing, and that actually he can become more powerful if he works with and through the nobles, he sees them as a threat to him.He's attempting to establish a power structure that will not be beholden to them. In so doing, he becomes a threat to them. This structure that is supposed to stand as one mutually supportive thing is beginning to tear itself apart. That is why Richard's treatment of Bolingbroke becomes such a crucial catalyst, because what Richard does to Bolingbroke is unlawful in a very real and very technical sense. Bolingbroke has not been convicted of any crime. He's not been properly tried. There's been this trial by combat, the duel with Mowbray, but it hasn't stopped arbitrarily, and an arbitrary punishment visited upon both of them. They're both being exiled without having been found guilty, without the judgment of God speaking through this duel.Richard then promises that Bolingbroke can have his inheritance, even though he's in exile. As soon as Gaunt dies, Richard says, "No, I'm having it." Now, all of that is unlawful treatment of Bolingbroke, but because Bolingbroke is the most powerful nobleman in the country, it is also a warning and a threat to every other member of the political classes that if the king takes against you, then his arbitrary will can override the law.That diagnosis is there in Shakespeare. It's the Duke of York, who in reality was just a completely hopeless, wet figure, but he says, and I've got it written down, keep it beside me.Henry: Very nice.Helen: Kind of ridiculous, but here it is. York says to Richard, "Take Herford's rights away and take from time his charters and his customary rights. Let not tomorrow then ensue today. Be not thyself, for how art thou a king, but by fair sequence and succession?" In other words, if you interfere with, and I know you've written about time in these plays, it's absolutely crucial.Part of the process of time in these plays is that the rules play out over time. Any one individual king must not break those rules so that the expected process of succession over time can take place. York's warning comes true, that Richard is unseating himself by seeking to unseat Bolingbroke from his inheritance.Henry: We give Shakespeare good marks as a historian.Helen: In this play, yes, absolutely. The things he tinkers with in Richard II are minor plot points. He compresses time in order to get it all on stage in a plausible sequence of events. He compresses two queens into one, given that Richard was married to, by the time he fell, a nine-year-old who he'd married when he was six. It's harder to have a six-year-old making speeches on stage, so he puts the two queens into one.Henry: You don't want to pay another actor.Helen: Exactly.Henry: It's expensive.Helen: You don't want children and animals on stage. Although there is a wonderful account of a production of Richard II on stage in the West End in 1901, with the Australian actor Oscar Asche in it, playing Bolingbroke. The duel scene, he had full armour and a horse, opening night. It was a different horse from the one he rehearsed with. He gives an account in his autobiography of this horse rearing and him somersaulting heroically off the horse.Henry: Oh my god.Helen: The curtain having to come down and then it going back up again to tumultuous applause. You think, "Oscar, I'm wondering whether you're over-egging this pudding." Anyway, I give Shakespeare very good marks in Richard II, not really in the Henry IV plays, but gets back on track.Henry: The Henry IV plays are so good, we're forgiven. Was Richard II a prototype Henry VIII?Helen: Yes. Although, of course, history doesn't work forwards like that. I always worry about being a historian, talking about prototypes, if you see what I mean, but--Henry: No, this is just some podcast, so we don't have to be too strict. He's over-mighty, his sense of his relationship to God. There are issues in parliament about, "How much can the Pope tell us what to do?" There are certain things that seem to be inherent in the way the British state conceives of itself at this point that become problematic in another way.Helen: Is this pushing it too far to say Richard is a second son who ends up being the lone precious heir to the throne who must be wrapped in cotton wool to ensure that his unique God-given authority is protected? Also describes Henry VIII.Henry: They both like fancy clothes.Helen: Both like fancy clothes. Charles I is also a second son who has to step up.Henry: With wonderful cuffs and collars. He's another big dresser.Helen: And great patrons of art. I think we're developing new historical--Henry: No, I think there's a whole thing here.Helen: I think there is. What Henry does, of course, in rather different, because a lot has changed thanks to the Wars of the Roses, the power of the nobility to stand up independently of the crown is significantly lessened by the political effects of the Wars of the Roses, not at least that a lot of them have had their heads cut off, or died in battle, and the Tudors are busy making sure that they remain in the newly subjected place that they find themselves in.Henry then finds to go back to Hilary Mantel, a very, very able political servant who works out how to use parliament for him in rejecting those extra English powers that might restrain him. I do always wonder what Richard thought he was going to do if he'd succeeded in becoming Holy Roman Emperor, which I take very seriously as a proposition from Richard.Most other historians, because it's so patently ridiculous, if you look at it from a European perspective, have just said, "Oh, he got this idea that he wanted to become Holy Roman Emperor," but, of course, it was never going to happen. In Richard's mind, I think it was extremely real. Whether he really would have tried to give the English crown to Rutland, his favorite by the end of the reign, while he went off in glory to be crowned by the Pope, I don't know what was in his head. The difference with Henry is that the ambitions he eventually conceives are very England-focused, and so he can make them happen.Henry: Is there some sort of argument that, if the king hadn't won the Wars of the Roses, and the nobility had flourished, and their sons hadn't been killed, the reformation would have just been much harder to pull off here?[silence]Helen: I wonder what that would have looked like, because in a sense, the king was always going to win the Wars of the Roses, in the sense that you have to have a king. The minute you had someone left standing after that mess, that protracted mess, if he knew what he was doing, and there are arguments about the extent to which Henry VII knew what he was doing, or was doing something very different, whether or not he knew it was different, but there was always going to be an opportunity for a king to assert himself after that.Particularly, the extent to which the lesser landowners, the gentry had realized they couldn't just rely on the nobility to protect them anymore. They couldn't just follow their lord into battle and abdicate responsibility.Henry: Okay.Helen: That's an interesting--Henry: How much should we blame Edward III for all of this?Helen: For living too long and having too many sons?Henry: My argument against Edward is the Hundred Years' War, it doesn't actually go that well by the end of his reign, and it's cost too much money. Too many dukes with too much power. It's not that he had too many sons, he elevates them all and creates this insane situation. The war itself starts to tip the balance between the king and parliament, and so now you've got it from the dukes, and from the other side, and he just didn't manage the succession at all.Even though his son has died, and it really needs some kind of-- He allowed. He should have known that he was allowing a vacuum to open up where there's competition from the nobles, and from parliament, and the finances are a mess, and this war isn't there. It's just… he just leaves a disaster, doesn't he?Helen: I think I'd want to reframe that a little bit. Perhaps, I'm too much the king's friend. I think the political, and in some senses, existential dilemma for a medieval king is that the best of all possible worlds is what Edward achieves in the 1340s and the 1350s, which is, fight a war for reasons that your subjects recognize as in the common interest, in the national interest. Fight it over there so that the lands that are being devastated and the villages and towns that are being burned are not yours. Bring back lots of plunder. Everybody's getting richer and feeling very victorious.You can harness parliament. When things are going well, a medieval king and a parliament are not rivals for power. An English king working with parliament is more powerful than an English king trying to work without parliament. If things are going well, he gets more money, he can pass laws, he can enforce his will more effectively. It's win-win-win if you're ticking all those boxes.As you're pointing out, the worst of all possible worlds is to be fighting a war that's going badly. To fight a war is a big risk because either you're going to end up winning and everything's great, or if it's going badly, then you'd rather be at peace. Of course, you're not necessarily in a position to negotiate peace, depending on the terms of the war you've established.Similarly, with sons, you want heirs. You want to know the succession is safe. I think Edward's younger sons would argue with you about setting up very powerful dukes because the younger ones really-- York and Gloucester, Edmund of Langley and Thomas of Woodstock, really didn't have much in the way of an estate given to them at all, and always felt very hard done by about that. John of Gaunt is set up very well because he's married off to the heir of the Duke of Lancaster who's handily died, leaving only daughters.Henry: That's the problem, isn't it, creating that sort of impact? John of Gaunt is far too rich and powerful.Helen: You say that, except he's unfeasibly loyal. Without Gaunt, disaster happens much, much, much earlier. Gaunt is putting all those resources into the project of propping up the English state and the English crown for way longer than Richard deserves, given that Richard's trying to murder him half the time in the 1380s.Henry: [laughs] For sure. No, I agree with you there, but from Edward III's point of view, it's a mistake to make one very powerful son another quite powerful son next to-- We still see this playing out in royal family dynamics.Helen: This is the problem. What is the perfect scenario in a hereditary system where you need an heir and a spare, but even there, the spare, if he doesn't get to be the heir, is often very disgruntled. [laughs] If he does get to be the heir, as we've just said, turns out to be overconvinced of his own-Henry: Oh, indeed, yes.Helen: -specialness. Then, if you have too many spares, you run into a different kind of problem. Equally, if you don't have a hereditary system, then you have an almighty battle, as the Anglo-Saxons often did, about who's actually going to get the crown in the next generation. It's a very tricky--Henry: Is England just inherently unstable? We've got the Black Death, France is going to be a problem, whatever happens. Who is really going to come to a good fiscal position in this situation? It's no one's fault. It's just there wasn't another way out.Helen: You could say that England's remarkably-- See, I'm just playing devil's advocate the whole time.Henry: No, good.Helen: You could say England is remarkably stable in the sense that England is very unusually centralized for a medieval state at this point. It's centralized in a way that works because it's small enough to govern. It's, broadly speaking, an island. You've got to deal with the Scotts border, but it's a relatively short border. Yes, you have powerful nobles, but they are powerful nobles who, by this stage, are locked into the state. They're locked into a unified system of law. The common law rules everyone. Everyone looks to Westminster.It's very different from what the King of France has been having to face, which has been having to push his authority outward from the Île-de-France, reconquer bits of France that the English have had for a long time, impose his authority over other princes of the realm in a context where there are different laws, there are different customs, there are different languages. You could say that France is in a much more difficult and unstable situation.Of course, what we see as the tide of the war turns again in the early 15th century is precisely that France collapses into civil war, and the English can make hay again in that situation. If Henry V had not died too young with not enough sons in 1423, and particularly, if he'd left a son who grew up to be any use at all, as opposed to absolutely none-- what am I saying? I'm saying that the structure of government in England could work astonishingly well given the luck of the right man at the helm. The right man at the helm had to understand his responsibilities at home, and he had to be capable of prosecuting a successful war abroad because that is how this state works best.As you've just pointed out, prosecuting a successful war abroad is an inherently unstable scenario because no war is ever going to go in your direction the entire time. That's what Richard, who has no interest in war at all is discovering, because once the tide of war is lapping at your own shores, instead of all happening over there, it's a very, very different prospect in terms of persuading parliament to pay for it, quite understandably.You talk about the Black Death. One of the extraordinary things is looking at England in 1348, 1349, when the Black Death hits. Probably, something approaching half the population dies in 18 months. If you're looking at the progress of the war, you barely notice it happened at all. What does the government do? It snaps into action and implements a maximum wage immediately, in case [chuckles] these uppity laborers start noticing there are fewer of them, and they can ask for more money.The amount of control, at that stage at least, that the government has over a country going through an extraordinary set of challenges is quite remarkable, really.Henry: Did Bolingbroke do the right thing?Helen: I think Bolingbroke did the only possible thing, which, in some senses, equates to the right thing. If he had not come back, he would not only have been abandoning his own family, his dynasty, his inheritance, everything he'd been brought up to believe was his responsibility, but also abandoning England to what was pretty much by that stage, clearly, a situation of tyranny.The big argument is always, well, we can identify a tyrant, we have a definition of tyranny. That is, if a legitimate king rules in the common interest and according to the law, then a tyrant rules not in the common interest, and not according to the law. But then the thing that the political theorists argue about is whether or not you can actively resist a tyrant, or whether you have to wait for God to act.Then, the question is, "Might God be acting through me if I'm Bolingbroke?" That's what Bolingbroke has to hope, because if he doesn't do what he does in 1399, he is abandoning everything his whole life has been devoted to maintaining and taking responsibility for. It's quite hard to see where England would then end up, other than with somebody else trying to challenge Richard in the way that Henry does.Henry: Why was he anointed with Thomas Becket's oil?Helen: Because Richard had found it in the tower, [chuckles] and was making great play of the claims that were made for Thomas. This is one of the interesting things about Richard. He is simultaneously very interested in history, and interested in his place in history, his place in the lineage of English kings, going all the way back, particularly to the confessor to whom he looks as not only a patron saint, but as in some sense, a point of identification.He's also seeking to stop time at himself. He doesn't like to think about the future beyond himself. He doesn't show any interest in fathering an heir. His will is all about how to make permanent the judgments that he's made on his nobles. It's not about realistically what's going to happen after his death.In the course of his interest in history, he has found this vial of oil in the tower somewhere in a locked drawer with a note that says, "The Virgin gave this to Thomas Becket, and whoever is anointed with this oil shall win all his battles and shall lead England to greatness," et cetera. Richard has tried to have himself re-anointed, and even his patsy Archbishop of Canterbury that he's put in place after exiling the original one who'd stood up to him a bit.Even the new Archbishop of Canterbury says, "Sire, anointing doesn't really work like that. I'm afraid we can't do it twice." Richard has been wearing this vial round his neck in an attempt to claim that he is not only the successor to the confessor, but he is now the inheritor of this holy oil. The French king has had a holy oil for a very long time in the Cathedral of Reims, which was supposedly given to Clovis, the first king of France, by an angel, et cetera.Richard, who is always very keen on emulating, or paralleling the crown of France, is very, very keen on this. If you were Henry coming in 1399 saying, "No, God has spoken through me. The country has rallied to me. I am now the rightful king of England. We won't look too closely at my justifications for that," and you are appropriating the ceremonial of the crown, you are having yourself crowned in Westminster Abbey on the 13th of October, which is the feast day of the confessor, you are handed that opportunity to use the symbolism of this oil that Richard has just unearthed, and was trying to claim for himself. You can then say, "No, I am the first king crowned with this oil," and you're showing it to the French ambassadors and so on.If we are to believe the chroniclers, it starts making his hair fall out, which might be a contrary sign from God. It's a situation where you are usurping the throne, and what is questionable is your right to be there. Then, any symbolic prop you can get, you're going to lean on as hard as you can.Henry: A few general questions to close. Should we be more willing to open up old tombs?Helen: Yes. [laughs]Henry: Good. [laughs]Helen: I'm afraid, for me, historical curiosity is-- Our forebears in the 18th and 19th century had very few qualms at all. One of the things I love about the endless series of scholarly antiquarian articles that are-- or not so scholarly, in some cases, that are written about all the various tomb openings that went on in the 18th and 19th century, I do love the moments, where just occasionally, they end up saying, "Do you know what, lads? Maybe we shouldn't do this bit." [chuckles]They get right to the brink with a couple of tombs and say, "Oh, do you know what? This one hasn't been disturbed since 1260, whatever. Maybe we won't. We'll put it back." Mostly, they just crowbar the lid off and see what they can find, which one might regret in terms of what we might now find with greater scientific know-how, and et cetera. Equally, we don't do that kind of thing anymore unless we're digging up a car park. We're not finding things out anyway. I just love the information that comes out, so yes, for me.Henry: Dig up more tombs.Helen: Yes.Henry: What is it that you love about the Paston Letters?Helen: More or less everything. I love the language. I love the way that, even though most of them are dictated to scribes, but you can hear the dictation. You can hear individual voices. Everything we were saying about sentences. You can hear the rhythm. You can hear the speech patterns. I'm no linguistic expert, but I love seeing the different forms of spelling and how that plays out on the page.I love how recognizable they are as a family. I love the fact that we hear women's voices in a way that we very rarely do in the public records. The government which is mainly what we have to work with. I love Margaret Paston, who arrives at 18 as a new bride, and becomes the matriarch of the family. I love her relationship with her two eldest boys, John and John, and their father, John.I do wish they hadn't done that because it doesn't help those of us who are trying to write about them. I love the view you get of late medieval of 15th-century politics from the point of view of a family trying to survive it. The fact that you get tiny drops in letters that are also about shopping, or also about your sisters fall in love with someone unsuitable. Unsuitable only, I hasten to add, because he's the family bailiff, not because he isn't a wonderful and extremely able man. They all know those two things. It's just that he's a family bailiff, and therefore, not socially acceptable.I love that experience of being immersed in the world of a 15th-century gentry family, so politically involved, but not powerful enough to protect themselves, who can protect themselves in the Wars of the Roses in any case.Henry: If someone wants to read the Paston Letters, but they don't want to read Middle English, weird spelling, et cetera, is there a good edition that they can use?Helen: Yes, there is an Oxford World's Classic. They're all selected. There isn't a complete edition in modern spelling. If any publishers are listening, I would love to do one. [chuckles]Henry: Yes, let's have it.Helen: Let's have it. I would really, really love to do that. There are some very good selections. Richard Barber did one many years ago, and, of course, self-advertising. There is also my book, now more than 20 years old, about the Paston family, where I was trying to put in as much of the letters as I could. I wanted to weave the voices through. Yes, please go and read the Paston Letters in selections, in whatever form you can get them, and let's start lobbying for a complete modernized Paston.Henry: That's right. Why did you leave academia? Because you did it before it was cool.Helen: [laughs] That's very kind of you to say. My academic life was, and is very important to me, and I hate saying this now, because the academic world is so difficult now. I ended up in it almost by accident, which is a terrible thing to say now, people having to-- I never intended to be an academic. My parents were academics, and I felt I'd seen enough and wasn't sure I wanted to do that.I couldn't bear to give up history, and put in a PhD application to work with Christine Carpenter, who'd been the most inspiring supervisor when I was an undergraduate, got the place, thought, "Right, I'm just going to do a PhD." Of course, once you're doing a PhD, and everyone you know is starting to apply for early career jobs, which weren't even called early career jobs in those days, because it was a million years ago.I applied for a research fellowship, was lucky enough to get it, and then applied for a teaching job, utterly convinced, and being told by the people around me that I stood no chance of getting it, because I was way too junior, and breezed through the whole process, because I knew I wasn't going to get it, and then turned up looking for someone very junior.I got this wonderful teaching job at Sidney Sussex in Cambridge and spent eight years there, learned so much, loved working with the students. I was working very closely with the students in various ways, but I wasn't-- I'm such a slow writer, and a writer that needs to be immersed in what I was doing, and I just wasn't managing to write, and also not managing to write in the way I wanted to write, because I was becoming clearer and clearer about the fact that I wanted to write narrative history.Certainly, at that point, it felt as though writing narrative history for a general audience and being an early career academic didn't go so easily together. I think lots of people are now showing how possible it is, but I wasn't convinced I could do it. Then, sorry, this is a very long answer to what's [crosstalk] your question.Henry: That's good.Helen: I also had my son, and my then partner was teaching at a very different university, I mean, geographically different, and we were living in a third place, and trying to put a baby into that geographical [chuckles] setup was not going to work. I thought, "Well, now or never, I'll write a proposal for a book, a narrative, a book for a general readership, a narrative book about the Paxton family, because that's what I really want to write, and I'll see if I can find an agent, and I'll see if I," and I did.I found the most wonderful agent, with whose help I wrote a huge proposal, and got a deal for it two weeks before my son was due. At that point, I thought, "Okay, if I don't jump now, now or never, the stars are aligned." I've been a freelance medieval historian ever since then, touching every wood I can find as it continues to be possible. I am very grateful for those years in Cambridge. They were the making of me in terms of training and in terms of teaching.I certainly think without teaching for those years, I wouldn't be anywhere near as good a writer, because you learn such a lot from talking to, and reading what students produce.Henry: How do you choose your subjects now? How do you choose what to write about?Helen: I follow my nose, really. It's not very scientific.Henry: Why should it be?Helen: Thank you. The book, bizarrely, the book that felt most contingent, was the one I wrote after the Paston book, because I knew I'd written about the Pastons in my PhD, and then again more of it in the monograph that was based on my PhD. I knew having written about the Pastons in a very academic, analytical way, contributing to my analysis of 15th-century politics. I knew I wanted to put them at the center and write about them. That was my beginning point.The big question was what to do next, and I was a bit bamboozled for a while. The next book I ended up writing was She-Wolves, which is probably, until now, my best-known book. It was the one that felt most uncertain to me, while I was putting it together, and that really started from having one scene in my head, and it's the scene with which the book opens. It's the scene of the young Edward VI in 1553, Henry VIII's only son, dying at the age of 15.Suddenly, me suddenly realizing that wherever you looked on the Tudor family tree at that point, there were only women left. The whole question of whether a woman could rule was going to have to be answered in some way at that point, and because I'm a medievalist, that made me start thinking backwards, and so I ended up choosing some medieval queens to write about, because they've got their hands on power one way or another.Until very close to finishing it, I was worried that it wouldn't hang together as a book, and the irony is that it's the one that people seem to have taken to most. The next book after that grew out of that one, because I found myself going around talking about She-Wolves, and saying repeatedly, "The problem these queens faced was that they couldn't lead an army on the battlefield."Women couldn't do that. The only medieval woman who did that was Joan of Arc, and look what happened to her. Gradually, I realized that I didn't really know what had happened to her. I mean, I did know what--Henry: Yes, indeed.Helen: I decided that I really wanted to write about her, so I did that. Then, having done that, and having then written a very short book about Elizabeth I, that I was asked to write for Penguin Monarchs, I realized I'd been haunted all this time by Richard and Henry, who I'd been thinking about and working on since the very beginning of my PhD, but I finally felt, perhaps, ready to have a go at them properly.It's all been pretty organic apart from She-Wolves, which was the big, "What am I writing about next?" That took shape slowly and gradually. Now, I'm going to write about Elizabeth I properly in a-Henry: Oh, exciting.Helen: -full-scale book, and I decided that, anyway, before I wrote this last one, but I-- It feels even righter now, because I Am Richard II, Know Ye Not That, feels even more intensely relevant having now written about Richard and Henry, and I'm quite intimidated because Elizabeth is quite intimidating, but I think it's good, related by your subjects.[laughter]Henry: Have you read the Elizabeth Jenkins biography?Helen: Many, many years ago. It's on my shelf here.Henry: Oh, good.Helen: In fact, so it's one of the things I will be going back to. Why do you ask particularly? I need--Henry: I'm a big Elizabeth Jenkins fan, and I like that book particularly.Helen: Wonderful. Well, I will be redoubled in my enthusiasm.Henry: I look forward to seeing what you say about it. What did you learn from Christine Carpenter?Helen: Ooh. Just as precision was the word that came into my head when you asked me about Hilary Mantel, the word that comes into my head when you ask about Christine is rigor. I think she is the most rigorous historical thinker that I have ever had the privilege of working with and talking to. I am never not on my toes when I am writing for, talking to, reading Christine. That was an experience that started from the first day I walked into her room for my first supervision in 1987.It was really that rigor that started opening up the medieval world to me, asking questions that at that stage I couldn't answer at all, but suddenly, made everything go into technicolor. Really, from the perspective that I had been failing to ask the most basic questions. I would sometimes have students say to me, "Oh, I didn't say that, because I thought it was too basic."I have always said, "No, there is no question that is too basic." Because what Christine started opening up for me was how does medieval government work? What are you talking about? There is the king at Westminster. There is that family there in Northumberland. What relates the two of them? How does this work? Think about it structurally. Think about it in human terms, but also in political structural terms, and then convince me that you understand how this all goes together. I try never to lose that.Henry: Helen Castor, thank you very much.Helen: Thank you so much. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.commonreader.co.uk/subscribe

La 18e Gainée aura lieu ce week-end, du 17 au 18 mai, à Boulogne-sur-Mer. Pour en parler, nous recevons le président de l'association organisatrice de l'événement, Pascal Damez. Ecoutez L'invité du vendredi avec Yves Calvi du 16 mai 2025.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:03:46 - L'info d'ici, ici Maine - C'est LE match le plus important de la saison. Le Mans FC reçoit Versailles ce vendredi 16 mai, à 19 h 30, devant près de 25.000 spectateurs au stade Marie Marvingt. Si les Sang et Or veulent monter en Ligue 2, ils vont devoir faire mieux que Boulogne-sur-Mer, qui affronte Châteauroux.

En la 1395-a E_elsendo el la 15.05.2025 ĉe www.pola-retradio.org: • Komence de la elsendo ni referencas al la vortoj de UEA-prezidanto Duncan Charters reage je la elekto de la nova papo Leono la 14-a en la kunteksto de la uzataj de li lingvoj. Ni, niaflanke kiel ĵurnalistoj ligas al la lingvorilataj vortoj de Leono la 14-a – el lia renkontiĝo kun ĵurnalistoj – kiu diras „ne” al praktiko batali per vortoj kaj bildoj en ĵurnalista raportado. • El nia arkivo ni proponas felietonon pri historia kaj daŭre koninda urbo en Pollando - Zamość. • En la komenca kulturkroniko ni informas pri finiĝanta hodiaŭ en Poznano Internacia Lutierista Konkurso; pri la finiĝinta elimina etapo al la oktobra Chopin-konkurso 2025; pri daŭranta en Hajnówka (la nord-okcidenta Pollando) festivalo de kirka muziko. • En la E-komunuma segmento ni referencas al la porokaza mesaĝo de UEA, aperinta kiel Gazetara Komuniko, al la pasanta la 15-an de majo Tago de Familioj. Per aparta informo ni adiaŭas elstaran francan esperantiston, Claude Longue-Épée i.a. ideodoninton de la evento Boulogne 2005 antaŭ 20 jaroj. • Muzike ni ĉerpas el KD „Hotel Desperado” eldonita de Vinilkosmo kaj prezentas fragmente la kanzonon „Dancu”. La hodiaŭan programinformon akompanas foto pri lutierista laboro. • En unuopaj rubrikoj de nia paĝo eblas konsulti la paralele legeblajn kaj aŭdeblajn tekstojn el niaj elsendoj, kio estas tradicio de nia Redakcio ekde 2003. La elsendo estas aŭdebla en jutubo ĉe la adreso: https://www.youtube.com/results?q=pola+retradio&sp=CAI%253D I.a. pere de jutubo, konforme al individua bezono, eblas rapidigi aŭ malrapidigi la parolritmon de la sondokumentoj, transsalti al iu serĉata fragmento de la elsendo.

Retour sur une formation gratuite à l'épissure de fibre optique qui a été offerte au Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne, en partenariat avec AWS et Sumitomo Electric Lightwave. Axée sur la pratique, elle visait à répondre au manque de techniciens dans un secteur en forte demande. Entrevue avec le formateur Quentin Tricard.

Foot passengers and cyclists across the Channel from Dover to France have a tricky experience with the traditional ferry operators. But this summer there is an alternative, in the shape of a catamaran sailing from the port to Boulogne in northern France – taking advantage of the winds and tides to provide a refreshing alternative to conventional international travel.Andrew Simons, the skipper of the Sail Link enterprise, has been telling me more.This podcast is free, as is Independent Travel's weekly newsletter. Sign up here to get it delivered to your inbox. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

durée : 00:54:08 - 100% FCSM - Avec le défenseur sochalien, on débriefe la victoire à Boulogne, synonyme de maintien en National, mais on dresse surtout un premier bilan d'une saison ratée qui va laisser des regrets, en se projetant sur les ambitions et objectifs du prochain exercice.

Compte rendu de ma participation à la 1ère édition du marathon de la mer à Boulogne-sur-Mer : même en partant tranquille, il y a un moment où l'accélérateur est cassé et où les jambes ne veulent plusRetrouvez-moi ! mail : podfab@free.fr / site : http://podfab.free.fr / Mastodon : @podfab@piaille.fr

Après le débat sur la fin de l'abattement de 10 % sur les retraites, en voici un autre cette semaine : la taxe d'habitation. Le ministre de l'Aménagement du territoire et de la Décentralisation François Rebsamen a lancé dimanche un nouveau ballon d'essai fiscal, au risque de brouiller complètement son message. Christine Lavarde, sénatrice LR des Hauts—de-Seine de Boulogne partage sur Radio Immo son analyse sur la taxe d'habitation, un sujet pour elle « kafkaïen ». De son côté, Emmanuel Sallaberry, maire de Talence (Gironde, 45 000 habitants) et co-président de la commission des finances de l'Association des maires de France (AMF) réagit.

Après le débat sur la fin de l'abattement de 10 % sur les retraites, en voici un autre cette semaine : la taxe d'habitation. Le ministre de l'Aménagement du territoire et de la Décentralisation François Rebsamen a lancé dimanche un nouveau ballon d'essai fiscal, au risque de brouiller complètement son message. Christine Lavarde, sénatrice LR des Hauts—de-Seine de Boulogne partage sur Radio Immo son analyse sur la taxe d'habitation, un sujet pour elle « kafkaïen ». De son côté, Emmanuel Sallaberry, maire de Talence (Gironde, 45 000 habitants) et co-président de la commission des finances de l'Association des maires de France (AMF) réagit.

La traversée risque d'être "un peu agitée", prévient le capitaine Andrew Simons avant de larguer les amarres pour emmener un groupe de voyageurs en Angleterre au départ de Boulogne-sur-mer (Pas-de-Calais) à la seule force du vent. Le vent fait partie des solutions pour décarboner le transport maritime, de fret ou de passagers, responsable de 3% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et le secteur du transport maritime s'est engagé à atteindre la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050. Sail Link, la start-up britannique qui a organisé les voyages sur la Manche, veut démocratiser la voile comme alternative bas carbone aux ferries sur la Manche, entre Douvres et Boulogne-su-Mer.Invités : Laura Salabert, journaliste au bureau de LilleSylvain Roche, professeur à Sciences Po Bordeaux, spécialiste de la décarbonation du secteur maritime Lise Detrimont, déléguée générale de Wind Ship.Réalisation : Emmanuelle BaillonReportage AFPTV : Margaux ChauvineauVoix : Pierre Moutot, Luca MatteucciSur le Fil est le podcast quotidien de l'AFP. Vous avez des commentaires ? Ecrivez-nous à podcast@afp.com. Vous pouvez aussi nous envoyer une note vocale par Whatsapp au + 33 6 79 77 38 45. Si vous aimez, abonnez-vous, parlez de nous autour de vous et laissez-nous plein d'étoiles sur votre plateforme de podcasts préférée pour mieux faire connaître notre programme ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

The semi-finals are underway and the stakes are getting higher: just three consorts in each group and only the winner to go through to the Grand Final. Your contenders this week: Emma of Normandy, Matilda of Boulogne, and Anne Boleyn. Rank them in order and help decide who makes it to the final! You have until Friday 16 May 23:59 (BST) to vote. Cast your vote via the link below: https://forms.gle/cN2owtGg7RaC2ktK7 Sign up for lots of bonus content, including play-off extras such as a prize draw for a Zoom chat with Ali and Graham, a mini-play-off for the consorts who nearly got the Rex Factor, and to vote for what we do in series 4. All that and more here: https://www.patreon.com/rexfactor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

durée : 00:12:42 - 100% ASNL - À cinq journées de la fin, l'AS Nancy Lorraine conserve son fauteuil de leader avec quatre points d'avance sur ses poursuivants Boulogne et Le Mans. Mais avec un calendrier piégeux pour chacun, rien n'est encore joué dans cette course à la montée.

L'émission 28 minutes du 11/04/2025 Ce vendredi, Jean-Mathieu Pernin décrypte l'actualité avec le regard de nos clubistes : Rokhaya Diallo, journaliste, autrice et réalisatrice, Jean Quatremer, correspondant européen de “Libération”, Géraldine Woessner, rédactrice en chef au “Point”, et le dessinateur Pascal Gros.  Retour sur deux actualités de la semaine :La France doit-elle reconnaître l'État palestinien ? Emmanuel Macron a annoncé, dans l'émission "C à Vous" du mercredi 9 avril, que la France s'apprêtait à reconnaître l'État de Palestine d'ici juin. De retour d'une visite diplomatique en Égypte, le président français entend passer ce cap historique lors d'une conférence à l'ONU sur la création d'un État palestinien, coprésidée par la France et l'Arabie saoudite. La situation est dramatique dans la bande de Gaza, où Israël a repris son offensive et bloque l'aide humanitaire depuis le 18 mars. Lors d'une rencontre entre Donald Trump et Benyamin Netanyahou lundi 7 avril, le président américain a réitéré sa volonté de faire partir les Gazaouis pour prendre le contrôle de la bande de Gaza, “une zone à fort potentiel immobilier”.  La possibilité d'une reconnaissance divise la classe politique française : si tous s'accordent sur le papier pour une solution à deux États, une partie de la droite juge la décision prématurée. Après la prise de parole d'Emmanuel Macron, un responsable du Hamas a salué “une étape importante”. 148 États reconnaissent la Palestine, mais la France serait le premier membre du G7 à aller dans ce sens.Guerre commerciale : et si l'Europe trouvait son salut dans le libre-échange ?La guerre commerciale devenant intenable entre les mastodontes chinois et américains, faudrait-il faire du Vieux Continent un havre de libre-échange ? Le commerce entre les deux puissances pourrait se réduire “jusqu'à 80 %” et effacer “près de 7 %” du PIB mondial sur le long terme, selon la directrice générale de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce. L'Europe se questionne alors sur sa place dans le libre-échange. Jeudi 8 avril, la présidente de la Commission européenne, Ursula von der Leyen, a annoncé que l'UE allait lancer des négociations en vue d'un accord de libre-échange avec les Émirats arabes unis. L'épineuse question du Mercosur revient aussi sur le devant de la scène. Face à la contraction du PIB mondial et le retour de l'inflation présagé par les économistes, le choix du libre-échange pourra-t-il permettre à l'Europe de limiter la casse ? L'opposition française au Mercosur est-elle toujours de mise ? Lili Sohn est autrice et illustratrice de BD. Elle publie "Nos poils. Mon année d'exploration du poil féminin" aux éditions Casterman. Dans cet ouvrage, elle raconte son expérience : arrêter de s'épiler pendant un an. Un geste militant, qui met en lumière la difficulté de déconstruire le poil féminin pour celles qui désirent vivre avec. Enfermer les étrangers soumis à une OQTF à Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon ? C'est la dernière proposition de Laurent Wauquiez dans un entretien au “JDNews” qui mise sur un effet dissuasif puisque qu'il y “fait cinq degrés en moyenne pendant l'année, 146 jours de pluie et de neige”. Réponse de Manuel Valls, ministre de l'Outre-mer : "C'est une méthode de colon, pas d'élu de la République. Le bagne de Cayenne, c'est loin et tant mieux." C'est le duel de la semaine de Frédéric Says.Agnès Pannier-Runacher a suscité l'émoi. Invitée sur BFMTV, la ministre de la Transition écologique a soutenu, pour défendre les projets de ZFE, que "les moins riches n'ont pas de voiture". Une déclaration qui n'est pas passée inaperçue. C'est le Point com de Paola Puerari.Boulogne-sur-Mer a perdu François Guennoc, emporté par un cancer. Il était auteur, féru d'histoire, mais aussi et surtout l'un des fondateurs de l'auberge des migrants. Il a dédié sa vie à aider les exilés de la Côte d'Opale. C'est l'histoire de la semaine de Claude Askolovitch.Enfin, ne manquez pas la Une internationale sur les droits de douanes ; les photos de la semaine soigneusement sélectionnées par nos invités, ainsi que Dérive des continents de Benoît Forgeard !28 minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Élisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement 11 avril 2025 Présentation Jean-Mathieu Pernin Production KM, ARTE Radio

My Story  Talk 12 Brasenose College Oxford 1959-62 (Part 3) Welcome to Talk 12 in our series where I am reflecting on God's goodness to me throughout my life. This is now the third talk about the years I spent at Oxford. So far we have talked about life at Oxford, its academic programme, and my spiritual experience while I was there. Today I'm going to share with you my developing relationship with Eileen, our decision to get married shortly after I graduated, and how the Lord led us straight into pastoral ministry rather than going to Bible college first. Keeping in touch Throughout the two years after Eileen and I met, we had seen each other almost every day. Clearly, this could not continue while I was at Oxford, but we kept in touch as much as was then humanly possible. Of course, in those days there were no mobile phones. In fact, access to landlines was not easy, and anyway, it was extremely expensive. So Eileen and I kept in touch with each other by writing letters four or five times a week. We also managed to see each other every two weeks. As I have mentioned already, the terms at Oxford were only 8 weeks long, so by going home for the weekend after four weeks, and by Eileen travelling up to see me for the weekend after weeks two and six, we were able to see each other on a fortnightly basis. This was very clear evidence of Eileen's commitment to me as the journey on our Lambretta scooter through the busy traffic of central London was by no means easy. Obviously, we made the most of those precious weekends. On Saturdays we would often explore the surrounding countryside on our scooter or even travel further afield visiting pretty Cotswold villages like Bibury and Bourton on the Water. Or in the summer we loved getting into one of the punts moored by Magaden Bridge and heading up the Cherwell where we picnicked on the home-made sausage rolls and egg and bacon pie that Eileen had brought with her from home. On Sundays, of course, we went to church together before Eileen made the 60-mile journey back home to be ready for work on Monday. Of course, during the college vacations (which totalled half the year), the situation was completely different. I was able to see Eileen every day again. During the week, this was in the evenings as Eileen was at work during the daytime. And I was too, at least during the weeks that the schools had their holidays. As the Oxford terms were far shorter than the school terms I was able to earn some extra money by teaching in a local secondary school, which was to prove valuable for my future ministry as I was gaining experience in teaching children of a different age group from those I had taught in the years before I went to Oxford. But apart from working hours, Eileen and I saw each other every evening and every weekend. Sundays were taken up with church twice in the day, and midweek we regularly attended the Tuesday night prayer meeting, the Thursday night Bible study, and the Friday night youth meeting. We were desperate to learn more about our Pentecostal experience and the way the Pentecostal churches did things. In fact, whatever we were doing, our relationship with each other was from the start intimately connected with our relationship with the Lord and his will for our lives, even when we went on holiday. As I have already mentioned, our first holiday together was at a Christian Endeavour Holiday Home in Devon in 1959 just before I went up to Oxford. The following year we decided to explore the Lake District together. We travelled the three-hundred-mile journey on our scooter, stopping overnight in Aintree with one of Eileen's aunts, before finally arriving at a CE Home in Kents Bank near Grange-over-Sands. We had each visited the area before, but never together, and that fortnight was a wonderful opportunity to enjoy fellowship with other Christians as well as marvelling at the beauty of God's creation as we made daily trips into different parts of the Lakes. In 1961 we decided to go further afield and to spend four weeks touring France and northern Spain. So we exchanged our 125cc Lambretta for a new 175 which we trusted would cope well with the distances we would be travelling laden with two tents and all the paraphernalia required for camping. However, the moment we set off we both had some misgivings as the weight of luggage at the rear of the scooter made it harder to handle the machine safely, but undaunted we proceeded with caution and arrived safely at Southend airport where we had booked a flight on a cargo plane to northern France. Our first night in France was spent in a cow field with the kind permission of the farmer. We were both experienced campers, Eileen with the Girl Guides and I with the Boys' Brigade, but we had never before been woken by the sound of cows champing round our tent pegs and we quickly agreed to depart as soon as possible, particularly as there were no ‘facilities' available! We determined that after that we would make sure to check into proper camping sites. We travelled down the western side of France, stopping first at Paris for the weekend, camping in the Bois de Boulogne and visiting the thousand-strong Assemblies of God Church in the Rue du Sentier led by pastor André Nicole. Little did I know it then, but that was to be the first of many visits to French assemblies later in my ministry and sparked my interest in what the Holy Spirit was doing in European countries. In Angouleme we discovered that our GB plate had fallen off and, knowing that we were legally required to display one, we visited a garage there and asked if they knew where we could get a replacement. It was then that I realised how inadequate my A Level French course had been. Although we had studied numerous French authors, it was of little practical use to us now as no one had told us how to say the alphabet in French! Finally, by writing the letters down I managed to let them know what I wanted and learnt that in French GB is pronounced Jay-Bay. They told us that they could make us one, but it would take a couple of days. As a result, we had to travel further each day than originally planned which meant that we were both rather saddle-sore at the end of each day. We crossed the Spanish border between Biarritz and San Sebastian and immediately discovered that what we were doing was culturally unacceptable. Eileen was getting hoots and wolf-whistles from passing motorists because she was wearing trousers and not riding side-saddle! Of course, this would have been extremely dangerous bearing in mind the distances we were travelling each day and, at the risk of causing offense, we decided that we had no option but to carry on as we were. Extremely tired when we reached Burgos we decided to spend the night in a hotel and enjoy the luxury of proper beds. We did the same in Madrid for two or three nights before heading for Barcelona by way of Zaragoza. But before we reached Barcelona our scooter broke down on a mountain road and reluctantly I had to leave Eileen by the roadside with the scooter while I hitched a lift in a Citroen deux-chevaux into a village called Jorba to get help. It took two days to get the scooter fixed and by the time we eventually reached our campsite at Rosas, on the Mediterranean just north of Barcelona, it was already dark. A day or so later we arrived in Perpignan in southern France, intending to travel on up the eastern side of France on our way back home. But the scooter broke down again, and after two days camping at the back of an Esso station, we were compelled to return to England by train, leaving our scooter to be brought home courtesy of the RAC. Fortunately, it was still under warranty and was repaired by Lambretta after it finally arrived back in England some six weeks later. That holiday was the last we were to have together before we were married the following year and, in some ways, was a preparation for it. Like the holiday, married life is wonderful, but not without its unexpected events, delays, and difficulties. We were learning to face problems together, to be patient with each other, and to trust in the Lord to bring us through. Perhaps that's why I tend to advise young couples, wherever possible, to go on holiday together before deciding to get married. But that brings me to how I decided to propose to Eileen. Engagement and Marriage It was during my first term at Oxford. We had been ‘going out' together for two years, seeing each other almost every day. But we had never talked about marriage. I think that must have been because I was very conscious of how serious marriage is. Divorce in those days was far less common than it is today and for me, as a Christian, it would not have entered my head. I knew that marriage would be for life. What's more, I knew God had called me to serve him, and choosing the right partner was vitally important. So I was reluctant to commit myself. But just before I went to Oxford my father had a word with me. You'd better make your mind up about that girl, David. It would not be fair to keep her waiting for three years while you're at Oxford, if your intentions are not serious. Of course, I knew he was right. I had to make up my mind. The problem was, I didn't want to give her up, but I didn't want to marry her if she wasn't the right one for me. Finally I did what I should have done much sooner. I decided to pray about it. I got down on my knees in my bedroom at Oxford and told the Lord my dilemma. I told him that I would gladly marry Eileen if she was God's choice for me, but if not, I would give her up. And as soon as I said that prayer I received an overwhelming peace and an assurance that Eileen was the girl I was to marry. So, the next time I was home from Oxford, after a long and passionate kiss, I said to her, You will marry me, won't you, darling? Yes, those were my exact words! To which she replied, Oh yes! Of course I will. So we decided to get engaged the following summer after my first year at Oxford, knowing that the earliest we could expect to marry would be after I had graduated. After gaining her father's consent, we organised a wonderful garden party to celebrate our engagement on 2nd July, 1960, and eventually were married by Pastor Alfred Webb at Bethel Full Gospel Church, Vicarage Road, Dagenham, on 28th July, 1962. And the specially invited organist for the occasion was none other than Laurie N. Dixon, LRAM, the friend through whom I had first heard about the baptism in the Holy Spirit.    Our move to Colchester After our honeymoon in Cornwall, we moved directly into our first home, a bungalow in Colchester, where I had accepted the invitation to take over the pastorate of the small AoG church there. Colchester will be the subject of our next talk, but first I need to explain why we did not consider ministry in a Baptist church and why I did not go to Bible College as originally planned. With regard to the Baptists, the explanation is simple. Once we had been baptised in the Spirit, neither of us had attended our Baptist churches apart from perhaps an occasional visit. This was largely because the minister of Hornchurch Baptist was not sympathetic to a Pentecostal understanding of scripture, and the new minister of Elm Park Baptist had stated that the Pentecostals' exegesis of Acts was entirely unwarranted. Against this, my parents had told me that Leslie Moxham, our former Baptist minister at Elm Park, had noticed such a difference in me since I was baptised in the Spirit that he had said, If the baptism in the Spirit can make that much difference to David, I want it too. Leslie was later baptised in the Spirit and eventually became an AoG minister working with my friend Colin Blackman in the Tunbridge Wells assembly. And although, as we were to discover later some Baptists were beginning to get involved in the Charismatic Renewal, it was evident to us that our future lay with the Pentecostals rather than with the Baptists. But why didn't I go the Bible College before taking on a church? The answer is that I tried to. Early in 1962 I applied to London Bible College. There was a section on the application form where you were required to give an account of your experience of Christ. So I mentioned not only how I had become a Christian, but also how Jesus had baptised me in the Holy Spirit. My interview lasted about an hour, most of which was taken up with what I believed about speaking in tongues. Was it for today? And if it was, was it for everyone? As a result, I received a letter a few days later saying that they felt I would do better to apply to a Pentecostal bible college! Interestingly, their rejection of my application is mentioned in Ian Randall's history of LBC, Educating Evangelicals. The AoG Bible College was then at Kenley in Surrey. Its principal was Donald Gee. I had had a brief conversation with him after a meeting at the East Ham Easter Convention, and he had promised to send me the application form. But this never arrived. I also heard it rumoured that the lady teaching English at Kenley, on hearing that an Oxford graduate might be coming, had, presumably jokingly, commented that he'll be probably teaching me! This, together with the fact that some of my Pentecostal friends were telling me that I didn't need to go to Bible college, because I had got it – whatever that meant! – caused me to wonder if that was the direction I should be heading. So I said to the Lord, If you really don't want me to go to Bible College, let someone offer me the pastorate of a Pentecostal church. And within a week, I had my answer. I received a letter from the Colchester assembly asking if I would be their pastor. There was a bungalow available for rent for six and a half guineas a week (£6.51) towards which they were prepared to contribute £5.00. Apart from that, they could offer nothing, and it was understood that I would need to seek full time secular employment. But that's something for next time.  

You can send me a text if you have a comment or questionOne of the most important things that ever happened was this thing that never happened.  And that of course was Napoleon's invasion of Britain.French preparations for the invasion ad numerous consequences, one of which was the training and creation of the Grand Armee.  The weapon Napoleon used to dominate Europe from 1805-1807 was forged in the Camp of Boulogne.This is that story.It is also the story of Napoleon's invasion plans, the 1805 plan and the 1812 plan.  And what did Napoleon really know about what was needed to invade England and were there not times when Napoleon had doubts, such as when he witnessed the Boulogne Fiasco?

Mel and Toc are here to mention Ingrid – over and over. And we falicitate all the reports on French omissions, CEO disappearances and cyclone impacts. Cryptic? That's the point! Plus we have roving reports from Toowoomba, University of WA and du Bois de Boulogne, Paris. Listen in.

Déchelette Architecture is an agency that is less than ten years old in 2025 and is located in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. The research of its two founding partners, Emmanuelle and Philibert Déchelette, aims “to analyze in depth each of the local building cultures, in close collaboration with the actors of the territories concerned, in order to revitalize the best they have to offer, in particular the common sense and the sobriety of know-how”. They are distinguished by two projects: “Casa Franca” in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, a wood and raw earth structure, and “Quatre cheminées”, a construction of 8 social housing units and a shop, with a wood structure and earth façade in Boulogne, delivered in 2023.We talk about these projects in this new issue of Com d'Archi. With the voice of Esther.Image teaser © Déchelette ArchitectureSound engineering : Bastien Michel___If you like the podcast do not hesitate:. to subscribe so you don't miss the next episodes,. to leave us stars and a comment :-),. to follow us on Instagram @comdarchipodcast to find beautiful images, always chosen with care, so as to enrich your view on the subject.Nice week to all of you ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Déchelette Architecture est une agence qui a moins de dix ans d'existence en 2025 et qui est située dans le 10e arrondissement de Paris. Les recherches de ses deux associés fondateurs, Emmanuelle et Philibert Déchelette visent "à analyser en profondeur chacune des cultures constructives locales, en étroite collaboration avec les acteurs des territoires concernés, afin de revitaliser ce qu'elles ont de meilleur à offrir, en particulier le bon sens et la sobriété des savoir-faire" Ils se distinguent avec deux projets "Casa Franca" à Paris 18e, en structure bois et terre crue d'une part, et "Quatre cheminées", construction de 8 logements sociaux et d'un commerce, structure bois et façade terre à Boulogne d'autre part, livrés en 2023.Dans ce numéro de Com d'Archi, Emmanuelle et Philibert, architectes, frère et soeur tombés dans une culture architecturale classique dès l'enfance, déjà bien primés aujourd'hui sur un parcours ancré dans son temps, nous livrent leur histoire singulière puis parlent de leurs projets, de leur pratique, de leur perception de notre monde. De jeunes voix pour un témoignage généreux qui envoie plein de bon signaux pour l'avenir, bien loin des clichés abrutissants qui rongent notre actualité.Image teaser © Déchelette ArchitectureIngénierie son : Bastien Michel____Si le podcast COM D'ARCHI vous plaît n'hésitez pas :. à vous abonner pour ne pas rater les prochains épisodes,. à nous laisser des étoiles et un commentaire, :-),. à nous suivre sur Instagram @comdarchipodcast pour retrouver de belles images, toujours choisies avec soin, de manière à enrichir votre regard sur le sujet.Bonne semaine à tous ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

The play-offs have begun! In the last of the first round contests, we pit Ælfthryth, Elizabeth Woodville, Matilda of Boulogne, and Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians against each other. All of them have the Rex Factor, but only three can make it through to the Semi-Finals, so who will it be? In this episode, we consider all four consorts in each factor, then at the end of the episode, Ali and Graham rank the consorts (secretly), and that is what you need to do as well. Follow the link below to cast your vote and rank the consorts in this group in order (Google sign-in required). You have until Friday 21 March 23:59 GMT before the poll closes. https://forms.gle/FbhN8yFMuUP6F8847 Links to all the other forms and more information about the play-offs is available on our website: https://www.rexfactorpodcast.com/consort-vote Sign up for lots of bonus content, including play-off extras such as a prize draw for a Zoom chat with Ali and Graham, a mini-play-off for the consorts who nearly got the Rex Factor, and to vote for what we do in series 4. All that and more here: https://www.patreon.com/rexfactor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

durée : 00:04:06 - Chroniques littorales - par : Jose Manuel Lamarque - Bruno Margollé patron pêcheur à Boulogne sur mer, famille de patron pêcheur depuis trois siècles et descendant d'un corsaire du Roi de La Rochelle....

Imaginez... Un ultra-trail. 200 kilomètres. 20 000 mètres de dénivelé positif. Le tout dans un parc du Tennessee. Avec moins de 60 heures pour le boucler. Cette course existe et c'est tout simplement la plus ténébreuse et la plus difficile au monde. A tel point que depuis sa création, en plus de 35 ans, ils ne sont qu'une quinzaine à avoir ne serait-ce que terminer la course, sur plus d'un millier de participants !  Dans la nuit du 16 au 17 mars 2023, alors que personne n'y était arrivé depuis 2017, un Français a réussi et remporté la Barkley. En 58 heures et 23 minutes. Son nom : Aurélien Sanchez.Qu'est-ce qui l'a poussé à se lancer dans cette course folle ? Comment a-t-il réagi quand il a reçu la lettre de condoléances lui signifiant sa participation ? Comment s'est-il préparé ? Physiquement et mentalement ? Qu'est-ce qui fait de la Barkley la course la plus difficile au monde ? Par quelles émotions est-il passé avant, pendant et après la course ? Qu'a-t-il ressenti en bouclant les 200 kilomètres ? Invité exceptionnel de cet épisode de RMC Running, Aurélien Sanchez a répondu aux questions de Benoit Boutron et Yohan Durand.Dans le bon plan matos de la semaine, RMC Running vous offre la possibilité de gagner deux exemplaires du livre d'Aurélien Sanchez intitulé "La Résolution : comment j'ai fini la Barkley". Pour cela, rendez-vous sur les réseaux sociaux et répondez au test d'écoute à la fin du podcast !Et enfin, le bon plan dossard de la semaine met à l'honneur une course pour la bonne cause : les 10 kilomètres de l'UNICEF, courir pour nourrir l'espoir des enfants. Le 2 mars prochain, au cœur du bois de Boulogne à Paris, des milliers de coureurs vont prendre le départ de la première édition de cet événement qui vise à mobiliser toutes les communautés engagées pour mettre en lumière le droit à la nutrition pour chaque enfant.Production : Killian VeroveRéalisation : Julie Deroo 

Envoyez moi un messageUn nouvel épisode du podcast La Crème Anglaise avec Carolyn Boyd, journaliste, écrivaine et auteure de « Amuse Bouche, How to Eat Your Way Around France » et le sujet de cet épisode.Quel est le lien entre les oignons de Roscoff, le Welsh de Lille, le pudding de Noël de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Menton, les crêpes Suzette et les caramels au beurre salé dans ce 61ème épisode de La Crème Anglaise ? Les Britanniques, bien sûr, qui ont laissé leur marque sur la carte gastronomique et historique de la France.Carolyn a parcouru la France en long et en large pour dénicher des spécialités et des anecdotes culinaires régionales, publiées dans son livre « Amuse Bouche, How to Eat Your Way Around France», paru en 2024. Ici, elle nous raconte l'influence britannique sur la cuisine et le paysage français. Elle partage également un faux pas culinaire qui la fait encore rougir aujourd'hui tant il l'a marquée. Pinky up et bon appétit !Blog : www.lacremeanglaise.euInstagram : lacremeanglaise.podcastFacebook : lacremeanglaise.podcastLaisser un avis sur : Apple PodcastLaisser un avis sur : Google PodcastAussi sur Deezer et SpotifyVous avez une question ?Contactez-moi : contact@lacremeanglaise.eu

C'est un paradoxe bien connu et qui pourtant persiste. La pêche industrielle pratiquée par des bateaux de plus de 24 mètres équipés d'engins destructeurs comme le chalut de fond détruit les fonds marins, surpêche les espèces menacées, capture les petits poissons, crée peu d'emplois et consomme beaucoup de gasoil. Pourtant, elle est souvent subventionnée et autorisée jusque dans les aires marines protégées au détriment de la pêche artisanale qui partout dans le monde meurt à petit feu... Ce scénario est en cours dans le premier port de pêche français, dans le nord du pays, à Boulogne-sur-mer. Des ONG viennent de porter plainte contre l'État français, pourtant il existe des solutions comme nous l'expliquera le grand spécialiste des pêches Philippe Cury. Et avec Marie Colombier, chargée de campagne océan chezEnvironmental Justice Foundation qui vient de déposer un recours avec l'association Défense des mieux aquatiques. Reportage de Sébastien Farcis.Musiques diffusées :► Serge Lama - La chanson des pêcheurs

How France's budget cuts will impact development work abroad and civil society at home. An inconclusive medical marijuana experiment leaves patients in limbo. And how Jewish comedian Pierre Dac used humour in the Resistance. The government's budget for 2025, if passed, will see public spending slashed by €32 billion. While most ministries are impacted, funding for public development assistance (PDA) is facing cuts of more than €2 billion – 35 percent of its budget. Coordination Sud, an umbrella group for 180 French non-profit organisations working internationally, say they're being disproportionately hit at a time when international solidarity efforts are needed more than ever. Elodie Barralon, the group's advocacy officer, talks about the impact of such cuts and concerns that civil society is being rolled back in France. (Listen @0')As a three-year experiment with medical marijuana comes to an end, instead of generalising its use, as intended, authorisation has been stalled. Nadine Attal, head of the pain centre at the Ambroise-Paré hospital in Boulogne near Paris addresses the sticking points, which include France's current government chaos and the lack of political will to move forward. She sounds the alarm over the hundreds of patients enrolled in the experiment who have benefited from medical cannabis but whose health is now being ignored. (Listen @20'20'').French humourist Pierre Dac came to fame in the 1930s with a winning brand of absurdist humour that managed to get everyone laughing while ridiculing no one. When WWII broke out he turned his talents to fighting anti-semitism, Hitler, and the collaborationist Vichy regime, joining Free France's Radio Londres in 1943. He also founded a political party that defended the place of laughter and flabbiness in politics.  Fifty years after his death, on 9 February 1975, he remains one of France's most popular, and humanist of humourists. (Listen @14'20'')Episode mixed by Cecile Pompeani. Spotlight on France is a podcast from Radio France International. Find us on rfienglish.com, Apple podcasts (link here), Spotify (link here) or your favourite podcast app (pod.link/1573769878).

In this edition of French Connections Plus, Genie Godula and Florence Villeminot continue their tour of Paris with a stop in one of the most upscale and least touristy districts of the French capital: the 16th arrondissement. Its wide avenues offer an elegant escape from the craziness of the city. The 16th also boasts incredible architecture, the most museums of any district in Paris and the massive Bois de Boulogne park that's home to the French Open. Join us on a tour of this refined arrondissement, which embodies the timeless elegance Paris is known for.

L'info du matin - Grégory Ascher et Justine Salmon ont dévoilé le portrait-robot de l'enfant chouchou dans les familles. Le winner du jour - À Boulogne-sur-Mer, un homme a enfumé son appartement en mettant ses chaussettes dans un micro-ondes, déclenchant l'alerte incendie et nécessitant l'intervention des pompiers. - Un chat oublié dans une soute à bagage a voyagé pendant 23 heures, effectuant trois vols entre l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande. Le flashback de mars 1992 - Le single numéro 1 du mois : "Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me" d'Elton John et George Michael. - Deux albums en tête du top 50 : *Dangerous* de Michael Jackson et *Achtung Baby* de U2. Les savoirs inutiles - En Arménie, chaque heure de la journée a un nom particulier : 18h se dit "Khavarag" et 19h "Aghchamoughch". Si le Double Expresso RTL2 passait en Arménie, les horaires seraient "Ayk - Jarakaytial". 3 choses à savoir sur les Razzies Awards - La cérémonie récompense le pire du cinéma. - Madonna détient 9 victoires pour 15 nominations. - Sylvester Stallone est recordman masculin avec 11 trophées. Qu'est-ce qu'on fait ? - Rendez-vous au Lille Vinyle Event pour compléter votre collection de vinyles. - Testez l'application Kidygo : voyagez gratuitement en train en gardant des enfants non accompagnés. Le jeu surprise Tiffany de Mallemoisson vers Aix-en-Provence repart avec : - Un coffret DVD Blu-ray Warner (Joker/Batman ou Superman). - Le mug de l'émission. La banque RTL2 - Loïc de Saint-Étienne gagne 500 euros. - Cindy d'Espelette près de Bayonne repart avec : - Un coffret DVD Blu-ray Warner (Joker/Batman ou Superman). - Le mug de l'émission.

Monday after Epiphany Saint of the Day: St. Peter of Canterbury; a monk in the monastery of St. Andrew's, Rome, and was chosen by Pope St. Gregory the Great to embark with St. Augustine of Canterbury and other monks on the missionary enterprise to England in 596; became the first abbot of the monastery of Saints. Peter and Paul at Canterbury in 602; died by drowning at Ambleteu, near Boulogne while on a mission to France, in 607 Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 1/6/25 Gospel: Matthew 4:12-17, 23-25

Le ministre de l'Intérieur Bruno Retailleau était en déplacement aujourd'hui sur la Côte d'Opale. Il venait échanger avec les acteurs locaux sur la crise migratoire. Il a notamment rencontré Frédéric Cuvillier, invité de RTL Soir. Ecoutez L'invité de Yves Calvi du 29 novembre 2024.

(Host: Christine) When England's King Henry I died in 1135, his nephew Stephen usurped the throne. Had Stephen's reign been an accepted success, his son Eustace would have been recognized as the next in line to become king, but that did not come to pass. Here, Christine recounts Eustace's story, from growing up during a period called 'The Anarchy' to the aftermath of learning he would never wear the crown.   For further reading suggestions and more, please visit: https://www.footnotinghistory.com

Didier Boulogne, directeur général délégué à l'export chez Business France, et Amaury Kosman, CEO de Circular, étaient les invités de François Sorel dans Tech & Co, la quotidienne, ce mercredi 20 novembre. Ils sont revenus sur la mission de Business France et la nouvelle bague de Circular, sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au jeudi et réécoutez la en podcast.

durée : 00:04:12 - Chroniques littorales - par : Jose Manuel Lamarque - La Coalition des jeunes pour l'océan est organisée par Nausicaa, le Centre national de la Mer de Boulogne-sur-Mer. Matthias Paschal, le responsable du fonds de dotation de Nausicaa, la présente dans les Chroniques Littorales.

C'était un vendredi. Philippine Le Noir de Carlan, 19 ans, profitait de cette fin de l'été 2024. L'étudiante tranquille de l'Université Paris-Dauphine s'apprêtait à rejoindre ses parents pour le weekend. Personne ne l'a vue disparaître derrière le rideau d'arbres du tout proche Bois de Boulogne. C'est pourtant ici qu'on a retrouvé son corps. Un crime brutal, sans cri et sans témoin. Une enquête ouverte pour meurtre, viol et vol. Grâce à l'ADN, les policiers vont vite identifier un suspect. Le Marocain Taha Oualidat, 22 ans. Retrouvez tous les jours en podcast le décryptage d'un faits divers, d'un crime ou d'une énigme judiciaire par Jean-Alphonse Richard, entouré de spécialistes, et de témoins d'affaires criminelles.

C'était un vendredi. Philippine Le Noir de Carlan, 19 ans, profitait de cette fin de l'été 2024. L'étudiante tranquille de l'Université Paris-Dauphine s'apprêtait à rejoindre ses parents pour le weekend. Personne ne l'a vue disparaître derrière le rideau d'arbres du tout proche Bois de Boulogne. C'est pourtant ici qu'on a retrouvé son corps. Un crime brutal, sans cri et sans témoin. Une enquête ouverte pour meurtre, viol et vol. Grâce à l'ADN, les policiers vont vite identifier un suspect. Le Marocain Taha Oualidat, 22 ans. Retrouvez tous les jours en podcast le décryptage d'un faits divers, d'un crime ou d'une énigme judiciaire par Jean-Alphonse Richard, entouré de spécialistes, et de témoins d'affaires criminelles.

St. Paul, and Jesus, Tell Us We All Have A Common Life That We Are All Called to Live. What Does That Really Mean? As St. Paul writes to the Church, he answers a question that is normally asked of Church leaders. The question? Are you saved? St. Paul gives an answer to the Church in his writing. He doesn't answer, Yes, I am! He answers, Yes, WE are! Salvation in Jesus Christ is never merely personal or individual. Jesus doesn't save us individually, then bring us together. Rather, He saves us together. He unites us within salvation. St. Paul continues within his writing. The world divides itself over and against one another. St. Paul will have none of that division. What we have in common, St. Paul writes, is much more important than anything that might distinguish ourselves. Why? The Homily continues to explain St. Paul's message to the Church . . . and to us! We Have A Share in the Life of Jesus Christ St. Paul also writes that we all have a share in the life of Jesus Christ. He writes that we all have a common life that we are all called to live . . . not separately . . . but together. Hmmm! What does that really mean? The One Place In Scripture Jesus Describes His Mother Also in the Homily, we hear from the lips of Jesus the one place in scripture where He describes His mother! Listen to this Mediation Media. Listen to: St. Paul, and Jesus, Tell Us We All Have A Common Life That We Are All Called to Live. What Does That Really Mean? -------------------------------- Image: Saint Paul Writing His Epistles: French Artist: Valentin de Boulogne:  1600s -------------------------------- Gospel Reading: Luke: 11: 27-28 First Reading: GAL 3: 22-29

Le vendredi 20 septembre, Philippine, 19 ans, rentre à pied chez elle après avoir déjeuné à la cantine de l'université Paris-Dauphine, où elle étudie en troisième année de licence d'ingénierie financière. Elle doit ensuite rejoindre ses parents à Montigny-le-Bretonneux, dans les Yvelines, pour dîner avec eux. Les heures passent et dans la soirée, ses parents n'ont toujours pas de nouvelles d'elle. Ils décident donc de prévenir la police. Le lendemain, ils organisent une battue au bois de Boulogne, qui se situe entre l'université et son appartement. Son téléphone est finalement retrouvé, et à quelques mètres de là, son corps est découvert, partiellement enterré. Trois jours plus tard, un homme de 22 ans, suspecté d'être le meurtrier de Philippine, est arrêté en Suisse à la gare de Genève. Il est marocain, il vient de purger une peine pour viol en France et depuis sa remise en liberté cet été, il était sous le coup d'une obligation de quitter le territoire français.Code source revient sur l'enquête et sur les questions qui ont suivi l'arrestation du suspect, avec Damien Delseny, chef du service police-justice du Parisien, et Timothée Boutry, journaliste dans ce même service.Crédits. Direction de la rédaction : Pierre Chausse - Rédacteur en chef : Jules Lavie - Reporter : Barbara Gouy - Production : Raphaël Pueyo et Clara Garnier-Amouroux - Réalisation et mixage : Julien Montcouquiol - Musiques : François Clos, Audio Network - Archives : BFMTV. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

St. Paul Asks the Church of Corinth: Are You Conscious of Living in Such a Way that You Know You Are Moving Toward Another World . . . the Kingdom of God in Heaven? St. Paul wrote the letter to the Church in Corinth 2000 years ago. He wrote to the people, and he may have written it to us in today's world. While Christians do not deny Jesus' Resurrection, we often act in a way of indifference. Many Christians take the Lord's Resurrection for granted. The point Paul makes is important to today's Church as well. We who believe that Christ died and has risen; we need to take the back part of the statement seriously once again. Paul targets not our belief in the resurrection, but the way the Church is living! Note what Paul says! If our hope in Jesus is simply for today, then we are a pitiful people. Why? Because we will live in a way where Jesus is merely a memory. Hear more within the Homily! What Does the Other Side of Death Look Like? We must recognize that death is not the end! If we do, it begs the question: What does the other side of death look like? Whatever it looks like, if we have access to it at all, it is only by what God has done through Jesus Christ. For St. Paul, saying Jesus died for us, is the easy part! Thousands saw Jesus die on Good Friday. Death is a fact of how we all live. If that is all we have …a knowledge that Jesus died for us … we have nothing! We have a story that ends in a grave. If our hope is in a dead man … than we have no hope. It is vital to include the second half of the statement. Christ has risen! To say that He has risen … means that He has still risen and is alive! He is active! Jesus is active not simply for today. He is active to bring this world to completion that God desired for it from the beginning. This world, and therefore, our lives are going someplace. This what the people of Corinth were missing! Hear more within the Homily! Christ's Resurrection was for each of us! God is moving life to a place that will not pass away! The people of Corinth forgot about this. They viewed death with pain and sorrow. But they did not look at the bigger picture and what God intends for all of us! St Paul asks the Church, are you conscious of living in such a way that you know you are moving toward another world . . . the Kingdom of God in Heaven? Listen to this Meditation Media. Listen to what St. Paul asks the Church! Are You Conscious of Living in Such a Way that You Know You Are Moving Toward Another World . . . the Kingdom of God in Heaven? -------------------------------- Image: Saint Paul Writing His Epistles: French Artist: Valentin de Boulogne: 1600s -------------------------------- Gospel: Luke: 8: 1-3 First Reading: 1 COR: 15: 12-20

The channel ports were critical for the BEF, and the Germans knew it. Come check out my keynote speech on the topic of Deception in February 2025: https://intelligentspeechonline.com/ Coupon Code: SECOND Contact advertising@airwavemedia.com to advertise on History of the Second World War. History of the Second World War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices