Podcasts about Ancient History Encyclopedia

The year was 9 CE. Autumn winds, rain, and cool air blew through the trees of western Germania's forests. The waters of the Rhine River were beginning their annual swell in the wake of summer's heat. Though the autumns of Germania were relatively moderate, the season was one of transition and marked by a climate subject to swift change, even week to week at times. So, it was in September in the north of the Germanic central uplands when a certain Roman general marched his men into a pass between Kalkriese Hill and dense, boggy swampland. Unbeknownst to the Romans, they were marching into a bloody, hellish gauntlet that, for them, was to characterize their last days on Earth. The days that followed were a harrowing bloodbath that destroyed three veteran Roman legions and rocked the Roman Empire, and its leader, to the core. You can find the Hardtack socials via linktree. If you have any feedback on Hardtack episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to hardtackpod@gmail.com Don't forget to rate and subscribe! Make your Own Hardtack! Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad Sources: The battle that stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the slaughter of the legions in the Teutoburg Forest https://brewminate.com/annihilation-of-a-roman-army-the-battle-of-teutoburg-forest/ Long Term Decline of the Roman Military World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society - Long Term Decline of Roman Military (apus.edu) A General History of Europe: The Decline of the Ancient World by A.H.M. Jones History of the Goths by Herwig Wolfram Dyck, Ludwig Heinrich. "Arminius." Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 12, 2019. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Arminius/ Fisher, Martini. "Publius Quinctilius Varus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 10, 2019. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus/ "Florus on the Germanic Wars." Livius. Accessed July 14, 2019. https://www.livius.org/sources/content/florus/florus-on-the-germanic-wars/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hardtackpod/support

A finales del siglo IX, Basilio II, emperador bizantino, dio forma a uno de los cuerpos de élite más célebres y exóticos del mundo medieval. Con la llegada de 6000 varegos desde las tierras del Rus de Kiev, al norte del Mar Negro, Constantinopla fue testigo del nacimiento de la célebre Guardia Varega. Música empleada: -"Danza Inglesa Siglo XIII", Artefactum -"Tou Glykaios Legomenon O Sourlas (Of the Dulcet, Unto the So-c)", Christodoulos Halaris -"A Border Guard Was Building a Castle", Christodoulos Halaris -"Saltarello I Siglo XIV", Artefactum Bibliografía: -Benedikt, Benedikz y Blöndal, Sigfús (2007). «The Varangians of Byzantium», Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 052103552X -Cartwright, Mark (9 de noviembre de 2017). «Basil II». Ancient History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Basil_II/ -Cartwright, Mark (10 de noviembre de 2017). «Varangian Guard». Ancient History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Varangian_Guard/ -HistoryExtra (20 de octubre de 2020). "What was the Varangian Guard? A brief history of the Viking warriors of the Byzantine empire". https://www.historyextra.com/period/viking/varangian-guard-byzantine-empire-kievan-rus-vikings-basil-ii-vladimir-great/ -River Editors, Charles (2020). «The Varangian Guard: The History and Legacy of the Byzantine Empire’s Elite Mercenary Unit». ISBN-13: 979-8694528184 -Weapons and Warfare (14 de agosto de 2015). "Varangian Guard". https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2015/08/14/varangian-guard/ Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Por Irmão Mark Poliner A Cabala é um sistema de misticismo judaico, provavelmente desenvolvido durante a era do Segundo Templo e baseado na visão de Ezequiel. A Ancient History Encyclopedia declara que o Talmud fala de “certos rabinos expondo os 'segredos' da carruagem de Deus”. Os segredos só podiam ser transmitidos oralmente para alunos selecionados. A palavra vem do hebraico קַבָּלָה, que significa “receber”. No Caminho da Cabalá , Michael Laitman afirma que o “Criador criou a criatura com o desejo de receber aquilo que o Criador queria lhe dar”. O Criador tem a vontade e o poder de doar. Laitman continua a afirmar que uma pessoa recebe um poder espiritual para igualar a vontade do Criador. Essa equalização é revelada apenas para aquele que não usará o poder para ganho pessoal, mas para “conferir o contentamento ao Criador”. TRÊS CATEGORIAS DA CABALÁ 1. Aspectos teóricos 2. Aspectos meditativos 3. Aspectos mágicos O teórico trata dos mundos espirituais e das almas. A meditativa lida com estados de consciência. A maioria das pessoas tende a se concentrar no terceiro aspecto, o mágico. CABALÁ EM LIVROS O livro mais popular da Cabala é o Zohar, um comentário sobre a Torá. O Talmud e outros comentários interpretam a Torá em termos de trabalho legal. Deborah Kerdeman explica que o Zohar interpreta a Torá como “um sistema de símbolos que revela as leis secretas do universo e até os segredos de Deus”. No Zohar , Deus é visto como o Ein Sof(אין סוף), que significa literalmente “sem fim”. O Ein Sof é entendido como os aspectos ocultos de Deus. ÁRVORE DA VIDA Os maçons são ensinados que deve haver Sabedoria para inventar, Força para sustentar e Beleza para adornar. Este ditado vem da Árvore da Vida. A Cabala é representada pela Árvore da Vida, composta por dez esferas, referidas como Sefirot. DEZ ESFERAS A primeira é Kether (Coroa, ou a vontade divina de Deus), e as outras nove sephirot estão abaixo. O pilar direito consiste em Chochmah (Sabedoria), Chesed (Bondade) e Netzach (Eternidade). O pilar esquerdo consiste em Binah (Compreensão), Gevurah (Força, Severidade) e Hod (Esplendor). O pilar central contém Da'at (Discernimento Espiritual, ou Conhecimento), Tiphareth (Beleza), Yesod (Fundação) e Malkuth (Reino, ou o Mundo Material). --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/malhete-podcast/message

Plautus steps away from the city and from Rome, or rather Greece, in Rudens. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. "Plautus' Rudens (“The Rope”) – 2003". Wp.Stolaf.Edu, https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/rudens/. Accessed 23 Apr 2021. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

What language is that? To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. Wikipedia contributors. "Poenulus." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 21 Feb. 2021. Web. 25 Mar. 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Is the house haunted? Find out in Plautus's Mostellaria. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. "Plautus' Mostellaria (“The Haunted House”) – 2008 – Classics". Wp.Stolaf.Edu,https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/mostellaria/. Accessed 9 Mar 2021. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. Wikipedia contributors. "Mostellaria." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 25 Oct. 2020. Web. 9 Mar. 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

This week we're traveling back to Ancient Egypt AND 1920s Egypt in 1999's The Mummy! Join us for a discussion of mummification, bandoliers, just what the heck is that invasion in the beginning of the film, female Egyptologists, and more! Sources: Libyan Invasion? David Johnson, "Egypt's 1919 Revolution," Socialist Alternative, available at https://www.socialistalternative.org/2019/04/03/egypts-1919-revolution/ Ellis Goldberg, "Peasants in Revolt: Egypt 1919," International Journal of Middle East Studies 24, 2 (1992) Libya, Encyclopedia Britannica, available at https://www.britannica.com/place/Libya/History Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Libyans Haven't Forgotten History," Brookings Institute, available at https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/01/18/libyans-havent-forgotten-history/ "The Second Italo-Sanussi War," available at http://countrystudies.us/libya/21.htm Mummification: Joshua J Mark, "Mummification in Ancient Egypt," Ancient History Encyclopedia, available at https://www.ancient.eu/article/44/mummification-in-ancient-egypt/ Arthur Aufderheide et al, "Human Mummification Practices at Ismant El Kharab," Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85, (1999) David Lorton, "The Treatment of Criminals in Ancient Egypt," Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient, 20, 1 (1977) Koichiro Wada, "Provincial Society and Cemetary Organization in the New Kingdom," Studien zur Altagyptischen Kultur 36 (2007) Ichiro Hori, "Self-Mummified Buddhas in Japan: An Aspect of the Shugen-do (Mountain Ascetic) Sect," History of Religions 1, 2 (1962) Davey Young, "The Monks Who Spent Years Turning Themselves into Mummies," Atlas Obscura, available at https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/sokushinbutsu Bandoliers: dictionary def: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bandolier "A Modified Equipment for the Royal Army Medical Corps" (1911) http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-16-02-08 "Bandolier, also bandoleer," The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (Oxford University Press, 2002). Stuart Reid, "1335 Bandoliers," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 70:281 (Spring 1992): 64. Anitra Nettleton, "Crossing the chest: bandoliers with and without bullets in imaging the 'Zulu'," Southern African Humanities 30 (December 2017): 125-43. Henrik Langeluddecke, "'The Chiefest Strength and Glory of This Kingdom': Arming and Training the 'Perfect Militia' in the 1630s," The English Historical Review 118:479 (Nov. 2003): 1264-1303. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3490593 Saheed Aderinto, Guns and Society in Colonial Nigeria: Firearms, Culture, and Public Order (Indiana University Press, 2018). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2204p6x.13 Sophie Esch, Modernity at Gunpoint: Firearms, Politics, and Culture in Mexico and Central America (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv7r40t7.5 Belinda Linn Rincon, Bodies at War: Genealogies of Militarism in Chicana Literature and Culture (University of Arizona Press, 2017). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t89kqs.10 Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin, Black against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party (University of California Press, 2016). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctv1xxsj1.18 Jonathan Endelman, "Displaying the state: visual signs and colonial construction in Jordan," Theory and Society 44:3 (May 2015): 199-218. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43694757 Jane Tynan, "Images of Insurgency: Reading the Cuban Revolution through Military Aesthetics and Embodiment," in Making War on Bodies: Militarisation, Aesthetics and Embodiment in International Politics ed. Catherine Baker, 213-41 (Edinburgh University Press, 2020). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctv10kmf1g.15 Film Background: Clark Collis, "Snakes, sandstorms, and strangulations: The making of 1999's The Mummy" Entertainment Weekly (13 August 2019) https://ew.com/movies/2019/08/13/the-mummy-making-of-brendan-fraser-stephen-sommers/ Wiki: "The Mummy (1999 film)," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mummy_(1999_film) Roger Ebert, "The Mummy," (7 May 1999) https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-mummy-1999 . Female Egyptologists: Ruth Whitehouse, "Margaret Murray (1863-1963): Pioneer Egyptologist, Feminist and First Female Archaeology Lecturer," Archaeology International 16 (2012-13): 120-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1608 Eliza Apperly, "The unsung women of Egyptology," Thames & Hudson (7 October 2020). https://thamesandhudson.com/news/the-unsung-women-of-egyptology/ Wiki: "Mary Brodrick" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Brodrick Amara Thornton, Archaeologists in Print (UCL Press, 2018). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3hvc9k.6

Merchants buy and sell and get in a pickle in Plautus's Mercator. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. Wikipedia contributors. "Mercator (play)." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Feb. 2021. Web. 24 Feb. 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Just as Charles Dickens died before he finished writing The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Euripides died before he finished Iphigenia at Aulis. But unlike Dickens, Euripides had a descendant to finish the writing for him. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References “A Short Analysis of Euripides' Iphigenia at Aulis.” Interesting Literature, https://interestingliterature.com/2017/02/a-short-analysis-of-euripides-iphigenia-at-aulis/. Accessed 17 Feb 2021. “Iphigenia at Aulis – Euripides | Play Summary & Analysis | Sacrifice of Iphigenia – Classical Literature". Ancient Literature, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_euripides_iphigenia_aulis.html. Accessed 17 Feb 2021. Euripides. “Iphigenia at Aulis.” Ten Plays. Translated by Paul Roche, Signet Classics, 1998, pp. 215-275. Tanner, Alexandra. "Iphigenia at Aulis." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 6 Feb 2020. Web. 18 Feb 2021. Wasson, Donald L. "Iphigenia in Aulis." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 11 Dec 2018. Web. 16 Feb 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

For this episode you need to have read CHAPTERS 8 & 9 of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. We discuss the mythology behind veelas and leprechauns, the rules of quidditch (and what would make it better!), vulnerability, privilege, and interpretations of the colors we see in these chapters. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter: @firstyearspod Email us your thoughts!: firstyearspodcast @ gmail . com SOURCES: “A Brief History of Leprechauns, Ireland's Trickster Fairies.” Real Word, 12 June 2020, www.trafalgar.com/real-word/history-of-leprechauns-trickster-fairies/. Cartwright, Mark. “Leprechaun.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 13 Mar. 2021, www.ancient.eu/Leprechaun/. Vila (Fairy). 8 Mar. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vila_(fairy).

Whatever you do, don't question Dionysos's divinity! To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References "The Bacchae – Euripides – Summary & Analysis – Ancient Greece". Ancient Literature, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_euripides_bacchae.html. Accessed 5 Feb 2021. “Dionysos.” Theoi Greek Mythology. https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Dionysos.html. Accessed 6 Feb 2021. Hicks, Marissa. "Bacchae." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 03 Jul 2018. Web. 06 Feb 2021. Howard, James. "The Bacchae." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 3 Nov 2018. Web. 6 Feb 2021. Roche, Paul, translator. Three Plays of Euripides. W. W. Norton & Company, 1974. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Gilbert and Sullivan wish they'd come up with plots as complicated as the one in Plautus's Epidicus. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Wheeler, Arthur. “The Plot of Epidicus.'” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 38, no. 3, 1917, pp. 237–264. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/289424.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan. 2021. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Sara Forbes Bonetta was an unlikely story in the Victorian era. As child her family was murdered, and she was taken captive by an African king, until captain Forbes saw her and rescued her. Eventually she was brought before Queen Victoria who recognized her intelligence, and agreed to sponsor her education, because of this Sara became one of the most educated and famous black women in the Victorian era, and she truly challenges our expectation of Victorian high society. Come and learn about this fascinating women on black history month. Support this Podcast: https://www.patreon.com/LongMaySheReign Cartwright, Mark. “Oyo Empire.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 10 Jan. 2021, www.ancient.eu/Oyo_Empire/. Dash, Mike. “Dahomey's Women Warriors.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 23 Sept. 2011, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/dahomeys-women-warriors-88286072/. Davis-Marks, Isis. “The Little-Known Story of Queen Victoria's Black Goddaughter.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 8 Oct. 2020, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/english-heritage-presents-portrait-queen-victorias-black-goddaughter-180976008/. “Did Queen Victoria Really Adopt an Orphaned African Princess?” Mental Floss, 13 Apr. 2018, www.mentalfloss.com/article/539518/did-queen-victoria-really-adopt-orphaned-african-princess. Forbes, Bart. “Sarah Forbes Bonetta.” ClanForbesSociety, ClanForbesSociety, 7 Dec. 2020, www.clan-forbes.org/post/sarah-forbes-bonetta. “Ghezo.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghezo. “James Pinson Labulo Davies.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pinson_Labulo_Davies. Rollerson, 02/05/2016 by Deborah, et al. “The African Princess: Sarah Forbes Bonetta.” Black History Month 2020, 1 Mar. 2019, www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/section/real-stories/the-african-princess-sarah-forbes-bonetta/. “Sara Forbes Bonetta.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Forbes_Bonetta. “Sarah Forbes Bonetta.” English Heritage, www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/osborne/history-and-stories/sarah-forbes-bonetta/. “Sarah Forbes Bonetta: the Captive African Princess Gifted to Queen Victoria.” Helen Rappaport, 1 May 2019, helenrappaport.com/queen-victoria/sarah-forbes-bonetta/. “Yoruba Culture.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_culture.

谁是萨巴克特人呢？他们的名字从何而来？到底是什么意思？在西班牙殖民入侵前，他们拥有怎样的文化？本集全面介绍了古萨巴克特人的语言，政府，社会，宗教和历史。欢迎大家收听订阅！Monte Alban, Ancient History Encyclopedia

In today's episode, we cover the shortest of Plautus's surviving plays. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. "Plautus' Curculio – 2016". St. Olaf College, https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/curculio-2016/ Accessed 19 Jan 2021. Papaioannou, Sophia. “What's in a Name? The Real Identity of Palinurus in Plautus' ‘Curculio.'” The Classical Journal, vol. 104, no. 2, 2008, pp. 111–122. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27750226. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. Wikipedia contributors. "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Dec. 2020. Web. 21 Jan. 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

In today's episode, we reach the end of Odysseus's journey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Davis, Natalie Zemon, et al. The Return of Martin Guerre. N.p., Harvard University Press, 1984. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. “The Odyssey – Homer – Homers epic poem – Summary". Ancient Literature, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_homer_odyssey.html. Accessed 17 Jan 2021. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 24." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Visit our website BeautifulIllusions.org for a complete set of show notes and links to almost everything discussed in this episodeSelected References:2:41 - The Darwin Fish2:59 - “...you better start swimmin’ or you’ll sink like a stone” (BobDylan.com) from “The Times They Are A-Changin’” (YouTube video)3:18 - See “What is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution” (LiveScience, 2018) and “Darwin and His Theory of Evolution” (Pew Research Center)7:23 - Charles Darwin10:33 - See “Darwin on a Godless Creation: “It’s like confessing to a murder”” (Scientific American, 2009)10:42 - The Descent of Man by Charles Darwin12:40 - The best current fossil evidence suggests that the divergence of humans and chimps began as early as 13 million years ago but it was not a clean split and some hybridization may have been occurring as late as 4 million years ago, so the 6-7 million year number stated in the podcast should not be taken as definitive in any way, for more see the “Chimpanzee-human last common ancestor” Wikipedia entry and “Fossil Reveals What Last Common Ancestor of Humans and Apes Looked Like” (Scientific American, 2017)12:51 - See the “Tree of life” Wikipedia entry and “What is the Tree of Life?” (Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History)  14:33 - The “Copernican Revolution” (Wikipedia) actually began during the 16th century, approximately 300 years before Darwin’s time, but certainly did alter human perception of our place in the Universe, for more see “Copernicus’ revolution and Galileo’s vision, in pictures” (EarthSky.org)18:38 - Naturalism18:53 - The mind being a product of the brain is a somewhat controversial assertion, although basically accepted by naturalists who root all causes in the physical, but for more see the “Mind-body problem” Wikipedia entry22:34 - See “Galileo vs The Inquisition: The Real Story”, excerpted from The Patterning Instinct by Jeremy Lent23:05 - Listen to Beautiful Illusions Episode 02 - “Our Back Pages”23:33 - See Hamnet (Goodreads), and “The Real 'Hamnet' Died Centuries Ago, But This Novel Is Timeless” (NPR, 2020)29:07 - Existentialism29:53 - See “Maybe You're Not an Atheist–Maybe You're a Naturalist Like Sean Carroll” (Wired, 2016), and “Existential Therapy from the Universe: Physicist Sean Carroll on How Poetic Naturalism Illuminates Our Human Search for Meaning” (Brainpickings)31:09 - The Big Lebowski35:41 - See the “Film noir” Wikipedia entry, “Essential Noir Films: Sean Geraghty on THE BIG LEBOWSKI” (The Black List), and “Is The Big Lebowski a Great Noir Film? A New Way to Look at the Coen Brothers’ Iconic Movie” (Open Culture)36:19 - Kurzgesagt (YouTube Channel) and Kurzgesagt website36:35 - “How Evolution Works” by Kurzgesagt (YouTube video)36:42 - “Optimistic Nihilism” by Kurzgesagt (YouTube video)36:57 - The absurd37:52 - See the entry on Sisyphus from the Ancient History Encyclopedia and The Myth of Sisyphus Wikipedia entry40:00 - Watch the final scene of The Big Lebowski (YouTube video)42:37 - “...it’s alright, Ma, it’s life, and life only” (BobDylan.com) from “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” (YouTube video)43:20 - Listen to the section of “Part of Your World” (YouTube video) from The Little Mermaid starting at 1:24 in the linked video43:38 - Listen to the section of “Space Oddity” (YouTube video) by David Bowie starting at 3:2244:55 - According to Joni Mitchell’s official website the line is actually “I don't know who I am, But you know life is for learning” - listen to the Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young cover of “Woodstock” (YouTube video) from their brilliant 1970 classic album Deja Vu (All Music)48:40 - See “Are you sleepwalking now?” (Aeon, 2018) by Thomas Metzinger, who notably is not a neuroscientist as stated in the podcast, but is actually a theoretical philosopher who does work on neuroethics and neurophilosophy 55:47 - Listen to episode 40 of the It’s Not What It Seems podcast where Darron discusses Stumbling on Happiness by Daniel Gilbert with his brother Doug57:12 - See the “Intellectual humility” Wikipedia entry, “Intellectual Humility: A Guiding Principle for the Skeptical Movement?” (Skeptical Inquirer, 2020), “Intellectual humility: the importance of knowing you might be wrong” (Vox, 2019), and “How ‘Intellectual Humility’ Can Make You a Better Person” (New York Magazine, 2017)1:00:34 - The Big Picture by Sean Carroll and the concept of Poetic Naturalism1:02:30 - See Poetic Naturalism on Sean Carroll's website Preposterous Universe1:03:57 - See “Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man” by philosopher Wilfird Sellars 1:05:10 - Sean Carroll’s Mindscape Podcast1:06:16 - See “Of 2 Minds: How Fast and Slow Thinking Shape Perception and Choice” from Scientifc American, excerpted from Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman1:08:30 - See “What Does It Mean to Live the Good Life?” (ThoughtCo), “The Philosophy of the Good Life” (The Gifford Lectures), and “What is the Good Life? Plato, Aristotle, Nietzsche, & Kant’s Ideas in 4 Animated Videos” (Open Culture)

Penelope tests the stranger in Book 23 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 23." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 8 Jan 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Plautus tries his hand at grand opera in Captivi. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

The suitors get their comeuppance in the bloodiest book of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Crissy, Katherine. “Herakles, Odysseus, and the Bow: ‘Odyssey' 21.11-41.” The Classical Journal, vol. 93, no. 1, 1997, pp. 41–53. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3298379. Accessed 30 Dec. 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 22." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 6 Jan 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

We've studied comedies. We've studied tragedies. But there was a third man... I mean type of play in Ancient Greece. Today we cover the only surviving Satyr Play. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References “Cyclops – Euripides – Ancient Greece – Classical Literature". Ancient Literature, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_euripides_cyclops.html. Accessed 1 Jan 2021 Euripides. “The Cyclops.” Ten Plays. Translated by Paul Roche, Signet Classics, 1998, pp. 513-45. Wasson, Donald L. "Cyclops (Play)." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 28 Jan 2019. Web. 27 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Fun facts and cool info about our feline friends.Sources for nerds: “15 Facts About Grumpy Cat.” Mental Floss, 17 May 2019, www.mentalfloss.com/article/53217/16-fun-facts-about-grumpy-cat.ASPCA. “14 Weird Cat Behaviors Explained.” ASPCA Pet Insurance, 18 Sept. 2017, www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/14-weird-cat-behaviors-explained.Mark, Joshua. “Cats in the Ancient World.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, 17 Jan. 2021, www.ancient.eu/article/466/cats-in-the-ancient-world.Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/wtfwithlily)

If Odysseus is this good with a bow, Teukros must be amazing… But then, Teukros isn't in The Odyssey… To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Crissy, Katherine. “Herakles, Odysseus, and the Bow: ‘Odyssey' 21.11-41.” The Classical Journal, vol. 93, no. 1, 1997, pp. 41–53. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3298379. Accessed 30 Dec. 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 21." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 30 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Euclio gives Shylock a run for his money in the realm of miserly characters in Plautus's Aulularia. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Minar, Edwin L. “The Lost Ending of Plautus' ‘Aulularia.'” The Classical Journal, vol. 42, no. 5, 1947, pp. 271–275. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3292069. Accessed 23 Dec. 2020. "Plautus' Aulularia (“The Pot Of Gold”) – 2009 – Classics". Wp.Stolaf.Edu, https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/aulularia/. Accessed 24 Dec 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Just when you think the suitors are about to get their just desserts, Homer manages to stretch things out. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 19." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 16 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Helen is alive and well and living and Egypt when everyone thought she was in Troy. Surprise! To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Coleridge, E.P., translator. “Helen.” Euripides's Collection [19 books]. Publish This, LLC, 2014. “Helen – Euripides – Ancient Greece – Classical Literature". Ancient Literature, https://www.ancient-literature.com/greece_euripides_helen.html. Accessed 18 Dec 2020. Kapach, Avi. "Helen (Play)." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 10 Dec 2020. Web. 18 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Memories are triggered by the scar on Odysseus's leg in Book 19 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 19." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 16 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

This play isn't about donkeys, but it is the one with the donkeys. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Hough, John Newbold. “The Structure of the Asinaria.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 58, no. 1, 1937, pp. 19–37. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/290159. Accessed 13 Dec. 2020. Konstan, David. “Plot and Theme in Plautus' Asinaria.” The Classical Journal, vol. 73, no. 3, 1978, pp. 215–221. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3296688. Accessed 10 Dec. 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

This week, Kelsie and Brooke discuss how women who were well behaved rarely made history-- and then discussed how women joined the early Christian church in big numbers, and examined two women who defied the odds during early Christianity. Perpetua was a Christian martyr who gave her life for the faith before Rome adopted Christianity. Hypatia by contrast, lost her life to a Christian mob that expelled the Jews and Pagans in Alexandria. Their stories are unbelievable and show the centrality of women in history. Bibliography Alic, Margaret. “Women and technology in ancient Alexandria: Maria and Hypatia.” Women's Studies International Quarterly. Vol. 4, Iss. 3, 1981, 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96493-9. Deakin, Michael A. B. Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr. New York: Prometheus, 2007. Fiorio, Soraya Field. “The Killing of Hypatia: A fight over all things visible and invisible, featuring practical magic, empire, and terrible men.” Lapham’s Quarterly. Last modified January 16, 2019. https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/killing-hypatia. The Gnostic Society Library. “Gnostic Scriptures and Fragments: The Gospel According to Mary Magdalene.” The Gnostic Society Library, n.d. http://gnosis.org/library/marygosp.htm. Mark, Joshua J. “Hypatia of Alexandria.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified September 2, 2009. https://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Miles, Rosalind. The Women’s History of the World. London, UK: Harper Collins Publishers, 1988. Musurillo, Herbert. The Acts of the Christian Marytrs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/maps/primary/perpetua.html. Salisbury, Joyce Ellen. "Perpetua." Encyclopædia Britannica. Last modified March 03, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Perpetua-Christian-martyr. Smith, Dinitia. “BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Discovering Magdalene the Apostle, Not the Fallen Woman” New York Times. Last modified October 25, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/25/books/books-of-the-times-discovering-magdalene-the-apostle-not-the-fallen-woman.html?mcubz=0. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/remedialherstory/support

We are kicking our Japanese triptych off with a slice of mythology that's been aged to perfection. Ashley takes us back to the 8th century to explore the story of the conflict between two brothers, Ho-Deri and Hoho-Demi, and how it helped shape or reshape Japanese history. Afterward, Ashley offers some connections between this myth and similar myths from cultures around the world through the motif of the warring brothers. We hope this first course will whet your appetite for the rest of our Japanese menu!To stay on top of all the latest from Pineapple Pizza Podcast, be sure to check out our website at http://www.pineapplepizzapodcast.com (www.pineapplepizzapodcast.com) where you will find links to merch, Patreon and a variety of ways to support the show, as well as detailed episode descriptions and regional specials. Help our show grow by leaving us a review on Apple Podcasts at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pineapple-pizza-podcast/id1543640038 (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pineapple-pizza-podcast/id1543640038)Or on Podchaser at https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/pineapple-pizza-podcast-1568165 (https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/pineapple-pizza-podcast-1568165)You can also send mail to Pineapple Pizza PodcastPO Box 341Wyoming, MN 55092Remember, no matter how you slice it, you're awesome and we love you.Sources:The Kojiki (Translations from the Asian Matters) Trans. Gustav HeldtWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu)Encyclopedia of Shinto: http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=64 (http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=64)“Hoori vs Hoderi” https://japanesemythology.wordpress.com/hoori-hohodemi-vs-hohoderi-hooderi/ (https://japanesemythology.wordpress.com/hoori-hohodemi-vs-hohoderi-hooderi/)Ancient History Encyclopedia https://www.ancient.eu/Romulus_and_Remus/ (https://www.ancient.eu/Romulus_and_Remus/)Britannica.com https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shinto (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shinto)

Odysseus almost drops his disguise in Book 18 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 18." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 9 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Odysseus finally reaches the palace in Book 17 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 17." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 5 Dec 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Plautus dips into mythology in Amphitruo. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com)Look us up on social media Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscienceThe past must have been so weird. A comedian once made the observation that a killer's blood at a crime scene used to be something that required a mop, not an evidence bag. How did people even solve crimes in the past? How do they do it now? Why were there monkeys involved? What on earth does it even mean to consider something forensic science? We’re serious about the monkeys. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we talk about some of the science behind solving crimes, some of its earliest forms and how some of the most advanced techniques are being used today. Additionally, there are some big announcements this week with the launching of the website, patreon, and public facebook group. We look forward to hearing from you all and working to better the podcast in the future. ReferencesMar, J.; Police in Ancient Egypt. Ancient History Encyclopedia. 21-Jul-2017. https://www.ancient.eu/article/1104/police-in-ancient-egypt/Sung, T., McKnight, B.; The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century Chine (Science, Medicine, and Technology in East Asia. 1247. ISBN: 978-0892648009Dawson, L., Gannicliffe, C.; Managing the Myths - The CSI Effect in Forensic Science. 07-Nov-2017. Microbiology Society. https://microbiologysociety.org/publication/past-issues/microbiology-in-popular-culture/article/managing-the-myths-the-csi-effect-in-forensic-science.htmlCrime Museum; Forensics at the OJ Simpson Trial. CrimeMuseum.org. https://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/famous-murders/forensic-investigation-of-the-oj-simpson-trial/Ng, A.; How China Uses Facial Recognition to Control Human Behavior. CNet. 11-Aug-2020. https://www.cnet.com/news/in-china-facial-recognition-public-shaming-and-control-go-hand-in-hand/Arango, T., Goldman, A., Fuller, T.; To Catch a Killer: A Fake Profile on a DNA Site and a Pristine Sample. New York Times. 27-Aug-2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180502192131/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/us/golden-state-killer-case-joseph-deangelo.htmlGilber, G.; A Trial of Witches: A Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft Prosecution. 1997. https://archive.org/details/trialofwitchesse0000geisAssociated Press; Casey Anthony Detectives Missed ‘Suffocation’ Search. USA Today. 25-Nov-2012. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/25/casey-anthony-suffocation-google/1725253/Remaining References listed on website

بخش دوم داستان آزتک‌ها: بعد از بوی خون، نوبت رنگ جنون است.   منابع اصلی: Britannica; Ancient History Encyclopedia; History.com; Khan Academy; The Rise And Fall Of The Aztec Empire; What Everyday Life Was Like for the Aztecs; 21 Facts About the Aztec Empire;  Tenochtitlán: History of Aztec Capital; Guns, germs, and horses brought Cortés victory over the mighty Aztec empire   موسیقی‌ از آلبوم‌های Singing Earth و Danzas Tradicionales de Mexico   اسپانسرها: همراه‌کارت خنیاگر: وب‌سایت / اینستاگرام   حمایت از پادکست پاراگراف کانال تلگرام پادکست پاراگراف پاراگراف در: توییتر | اینستاگرام | ناملیک می‌توانید با این ایمیل هم با من در تماس باشید: paragraphpodcast@gmail.com

Odysseus finally sees his son in Book 16 of The Odyssey To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Helen. "The Odyssey Book 14." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 14 Nov 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

The Telemakhy and the Odyssey finally meet up in Book 15 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Lena. "The Odyssey Book 15." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 18 Nov 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

The Riley translation gets in the way of Plautus's Truculentus. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Duckworth, George E. “The Unnamed Characters in the Plays of Plautus.” Classical Philology, vol. 33, no. 3, 1938, pp. 267–282. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/265359. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020. "Plautus: Truculentus". Thelatinlibrary.Com, https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/plautus/truculentus.shtml. Accessed 18 Nov 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. Wikipedia contributors. "Truculentus." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jan. 2020. Web. 15 Nov. 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Odysseus visits his old swineherd in Book 14 of The Odyssey. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Helen. "The Odyssey Book 14." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 14 Nov 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Odysseus is finally home! Sort of. We're only half-way through. There's a lot that still needs to be resolved. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Odyssey." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Mar 2017. Web. 24 Aug 2020. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Vintage Classics, 1990. Tsykynovska, Helen. "The Odyssey Book 11." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 15 Sep 2013. Web. 28 Oct 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Roxana of Bactria was the wife of Alexander the Great, but that's all she's remembered for, she is just a footnote in Alexander's story. Not to mention her reputation gets worse after Alexander died, but I'm going to tell the story from her point of view, because she is not what history tells us. Support this podcast: https://t.co/rHVVdHBtuf Works Cited 7, Kidar Udar on August, et al. “Alexander The Great's India Campaign - Some Lore and Some Facts.” Indian Defence Review, 31 July 2020, www.indiandefencereview.com/alexander-the-greats-india-campaign-some-lore-and-some-facts/. “Alexander IV.” Livius, www.livius.org/articles/person/alexander-iv/. “The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East.” Google Books, Google, books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gDPgh3IQumAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA295&dq=scholarly+articles+roxana+of+bactria&ots=LyaA3DFIa9&sig=b1Apk5_siqfUWAdg653vLPR8URY. Barksdale, Nate. “8 Surprising Facts about Alexander the Great.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 13 May 2014, www.history.com/news/eight-surprising-facts-about-alexander-the-great. Crabben, Jan van der. “Bactria.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 31 Oct. 2020, www.ancient.eu/Bactria/. Darrin, Dr., and Dr. Darrin. “Education in Ancient Persia.” Educational Research Techniques, 2 May 2018, educationalresearchtechniques.com/2018/06/13/education-in-ancient-persia/. Garvey, Patrick. “Were Alexander the Great and Hephaestion Lovers?” Ancient Heroes, Ancient Heroes, 1 Mar. 2016, ancientheroes.net/blog/alexander-hephaestion-lovers. History.com Editors. “Persian Empire.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 25 Jan. 2018, www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/persian-empire. MadMonarchist. “Consort Profile: Queen Roxane.” The Mad Monarchist, 1 Jan. 1970, madmonarchist.blogspot.com/2010/09/consort-profile-queen-roxane.html. Newshand, Miss. “All about Roxana of Bactria – The Wife of Alexander the Great.” National Views, 30 Sept. 2020, nationalviews.com/roxana-of-bactria-alexander-wife-history-facts-background. “Oxyartes.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyartes. “The Persian Empire: Culture and Society.” TimeMaps, 28 Nov. 2018, www.timemaps.com/encyclopedia/persian-empire-culture-society/. “Roxana.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana. “Roxana.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/biography/Roxana. Szczepanski, Kallie. “Have You Ever Wondered Where Bactria Is?” ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/where-is-bactria-195314. Wasson, Donald L. “Roxanne.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 30 Oct. 2020, www.ancient.eu/Roxanne/. “Zoroastrianism.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism#:~:text=Zoroastrianism or Mazdayasna is one,monotheism/monism, and polytheism.

Despite the title, there are more than three pieces of money in this play. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Cartwright, Mark. "Plautus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 04 Jan 2016. Web. 14 Aug 2020. Riley, Henry T., translator. The Complete Works of Titus Maccius Plautus. Delphi Classics, 2016. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

آزتک‌ها شاید عجیب‌ترین مردم آمریکای مرکزی بودند، با کلی داستان و ماجرا که خشونت مهم‌ترین چاشنیِ همۀ آن‌هاست. این اولین بخش از داستان دوقسمتی آزتک‌هاست.   منابع اصلی: Britannica; Ancient History Encyclopedia; History.com; Khan Academy; The Rise And Fall Of The Aztec Empire; What Everyday Life Was Like for the Aztecs; 21 Facts About the Aztec Empire;  Tenochtitlán: History of Aztec Capital; Guns, germs, and horses brought Cortés victory over the mighty Aztec empire   موسیقی‌ از آلبوم Aztec Dances و گروه Niall   اسپانسر: جاب‌ویژن   حمایت از پادکست پاراگراف کانال تلگرام پادکست پاراگراف پاراگراف در: توییتر | اینستاگرام | نوار می‌توانید با این ایمیل هم با من در تماس باشید: paragraphpodcast@gmail.com

As Halloween just went by we talk about the most historical figures who can be seen at parties. Also, one the most dressed figures is Cleopatra. She is one of the most remembered empresses throughout history. Her affairs with Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony that ended up with 3 children are still conversed and studied today. Even the ending of her life, which ended in suicide perplexes us today. Sources: 1)Haughton, Brian. "Cleopatra & Antony." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 10 Jan 2011. Web. 28 Oct 2020. https://www.ancient.eu/article/197/cleopatra--antony/ 2)Harris, Karen. “Cleopatra and Julius Caesar's Relationship: What Happened And Why Were They Together”. History Daily. Ancient History. 21 August 2020. https://historydaily.org/cleopatra-julius-caesar-relationship-facts-stories-trivia 3)Andrews, Evan. “10 Little-Known Facts About Cleopatra”. History.com. 12 August 2015. https://www.history.com/news/10-little-known-facts-about-cleopatra

In this episode, we'll explore what wine production looked like in Ancient Mesopotamia and discover why this “Cradle of Civilization” has gained a reputation as a beer-drinking culture. ###Sources:Herodotus. The Histories. Translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt. London, England: Penguin Books, 1996, 2003.History Channel Editors. “Mesopotamia.” History Channel, September 30, 2019. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/mesopotamiaMark, Joshua J. “Godin Tepe.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, March 5, 2011. https://www.ancient.eu/Godin_Tepe/Mark, Joshua J. “Beer in the Ancient World.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, March 2, 2011. https://www.ancient.eu/article/223/beer-in-the-ancient-world/Mark, Joshua J. “The Hymn to Ninkasi, Goddess of Beer.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, March 1, 2011. https://www.ancient.eu/article/222/the-hymn-to-ninkasi-goddess-of-beer/McGovern, Patrick E. Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2019.Paulette, Tate and Michael Fisher. “Potent Potables of the Past: Beer and Brewing in Ancient Mesopotamia.” American Schools of Oriental Research 5, no.4 (April 2017). http://www.asor.org/anetoday/2017/04/brewing-mesopotamiaPhillips, Roderick. 9000 Years of Wine: A World History. Vancouver, Canada: Whitecap, 2017.“Song of the Vine: A History of Wine.” Cornell University, 2008. https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/ewga/exhibition/introduction/#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20receipt%20for,stone%2C%20metal%2C%20or%20wax.Wilford, John Noble. “The Earliest Wine: Vintage 3,500BC and Robust.” The New York Times, April 30, 1991. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/30/science/the-earliest-wine-vintage-3500-bc-and-robust.htmlWilson, J.V Kinnier. The Nimrud Wine Lists: A Study of Men and Administration at the Assyrian Capital in the Eighth Century, B.C. London, England: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1972. http://www.bisi.ac.uk/sites/bisi.localhost/files/CTN1_wine_lists.pdf

Bibliography Aiyar, Nilakanta Sastri Kallidaikuridri Aiyah. Age of the Nandas and Mauryas. 2nd ed. New Delhi, IN: Motilal Banarsidass, 1988. Avari, Burjor. 2007. India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Lal, Avantika. 2019. “Chandragupta Maurya.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia. February 4, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Chandragupta_Maurya/. Mahajan, V.D. 2018. Ancient India. New Delhi, IN: S. Chand & Co Ltd. Mlecko, Joel D. 1982. “The Guru in Hindu Tradition.” Numen 29 (1): 33–61. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852782x00132. Sharma, R. S. 2005. India's Ancient Past. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. New Delhi, IN: Pearson Education. Singh, Upinder. 2017. Political Violence in Ancient India. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Trautmann, Thomas R. Kautilya and the Arthaśāstra; A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden, NL: E.J. Brill, 1971. Thapar, Romila. 2002. The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to A.D. 1300. London, UK: Penguin Books Ltd.

History's first ever gourmand, foodie, hipster of the Ancient Greco-Roman world!The question of Archestratus life story had me puzzled for ages! I wanted to write an episode for a while now, but the more I looked for information about his life and works the more unanswered questions I have had! Admittedly, countless classicists, historians and food writers have been puzzled through the ages too, with the same burning questions.Imagine the worst foodie hipster (I zest here, I am one!) friend you have; The one that visits the local farmers market every weekend, goes to Borough Market as if on a religious pilgrimage at least once a month and also on top of that knows every single Vietnamese store in Hackney or the South-American food stall in Seven Sisters Indoor market. He also seem to know the food trends, the new ingredients and read the reviews on Eater for the cheapest eats at the outskirts of South-East London for some reason! (as if he or she will ever visit south east!)Well your friend doesn't compare to Archestratus little finger! If you thought your friend was bad for visiting the mercado de san martin in San Sebastian, mercado San Miguel in Madrid and La Boqueria market in Barcelona, mercato delle embre in Bologna, Grand Bazaar in Istanbul or Varvakios Market in Athens spending hours looking at fish that cannot buy...you know the friend who watched all the episodes of Anthony Bourdain's "Parts Unknown" and can quote all his lines...Well, our dude Archestratus, was a lot worst!New tastes, the freshest ingredients, so local and seasonal and simple, that even the inhabitants of the nearest town wouldn't have heard them, well he would have been there first, straight to the local fishermen begging them for a fish. Well this is Archestratus! The tourist who went to every food market on every city he visited; only he accomplished your feat 2500 years ago and all by sail!In the interconnected world of the ancient Mediteranean we then find Archestratus, a Sicilian who circumnavigated the world to satisfy his hunger - and even lower appetites, as a Roman scholar said once quite disparagingly. He was though an inveterate traveller. How else could he have found out about the specialities of all these places, small seaside cities over 50 of them from Sicily to the Black Sea? Remarkably what he writes rings true, as sometimes their specialities are exactly the same now as they were 2400 years ago. Archestratus loved the taste of Lesbian wine but also praised the aroma of the Phoenician wine that came from Byblos. (Although he though it to go off quickly)"When a libation to the gods you make, Let your wine worthy be, and ripe and old; Whose hoary locks droop o'er his purple lake, Such as in Lesbos' sea-girt isle is sold. Phœnicia doth a generous liquor bear, But still the Lesbian I would rather quaff; For though through age the former rich appear, You'll find its fragrance will with use go off." We know almost nothing about him, apart that he was a Sicilian Greek from Gela (or Syracuse) and that he wrote a now lost, remarkable and unique poem "The Life of Luxury" (Hydipatheia). The poem is dated variously around 350BCE.What we know of the poem, is mostly from Athenaus from his work "Deipnosophistai" -Philosophers at Dinner- which was composed in about AD200. This, is our only source for Archestratus work, which is telling. Lost works of ancient literature - poetry, drama etc- are usually reference by multiple ancient authors; however this lack of interest demonstrates the status of food and recipe books. Not high literature and therefore not carefully preserved for posterity.What would I give for the chance to glance upon the book on bread-making by Chrysippus of Tyana or the book on salt fish by Euthydemus of Athens! Sadly both are lost completely and only know of their existence through second -hand passing accounts from other authors! Lost masterpieces!Archestratus cooks the fish simply, boiling roasting or grilling with light seasoning and oil added if its quality fish. Freshness and quality are his watchwords and these features mustn't be damaged by strong sauces based on cheese and pungent herbs. His favourite fish tend to have firm-textured and strongly flavoured meat; rather than mild tasting flesh like the white fish we are now used in French cooking as the vehicle for sauces. He also shows much interest in eels; common, conger, mooray. He emphasizes flavour and the oil/fat of the fish, where the taste and interest is to be found. There is much interest in texture of the fish, the different cuts and parts, from head meat, fin, tail, belly as well as in the varieties of fish.OK I will stop now and let the audio do the talking! Happy listening!Links, sources, further reading:Andrew Dalby, "Siren Feasts": https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Siren_Feasts.html?id=wtLgAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=ySally Grainger, Andew Dalby : "The Classical Cookbook" : https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Classical_Cookbook.html?id=T7S5iC3pZp0C&redir_esc=yDeipnosophistae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeipnosophistaeAncient History Encyclopedia: https://member.ancient.eu/article/911/carthaginian-trade/Athenaeus of Naucratis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AthenaeusSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/the-delicious-legacy. If you love to time-travel through food and history why not join us at https://plus.acast.com/s/the-delicious-legacy. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bibliography Brown, Chip. 2009. “The King Herself.” National Geographic. National Geographic Society. April 2009. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2009/04/hatshepsut/. Bryan, Betsy M. 2003. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Edited by Ian Shaw. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Cooney, Kara. 2015. The Woman Who Would Be King: Hatshepsuts's Rise to Power in Ancient Egypt. New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group. Mark, Joshua J. 2016. “Hatshepsut.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia. October 19, 2016. https://www.ancient.eu/hatshepsut/. Roehrig, Catharine H., Dreyfus Renée, and Cathleen A. Keller, eds. 2005. Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh. New York, NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Scott, Emmet. 2012. Hatshepsut, Queen of Sheba. New York, NY: Algora Publishing. Van de Mieroop, Marc. 2011. A History of Ancient Egypt. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Bibliography -"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 11th Century." Avalon Project, Yale Law School, 2008. Accessed 7 May 2020. -Cartwright, Mark. "William the Conqueror." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 30 Jan 2019. Web. 06 May 2020. -"How to Organise a Norman Invasion Fleet." English Heritage, 2020, www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/1066-and-the-norman-conquest/ how-to-organise-a-norman-invasion-fleet/. Accessed 8 May 2020. -Mark, Joshua J. "Rollo of Normandy." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 08 Nov 2018. Web. 05 May 2020. -Stetson, Bethany. "Rollo." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2020, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/593623. Accessed 1 May 2020. -St Quentin, Dudo of, et al. Dudo of St Quentin: History of the Normans: Translation with Introduction and Notes. United Kingdom, Boydell Press, 1998. -Tschen-Emmons, James B. "William the Conqueror." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2020, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/ 593519. Accessed 1 May 2020. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/history-spotlight/support

Bibliography Foster, Benjamin R. The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia. London, UK: Routledge, 2016. Mark, Joshua J. “Sargon of Akkad.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, September 2, 2009. https://www.ancient.eu/Sargon_of_Akkad/. McIntosh, Jane R. Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Melville, Sarah C. and Susan Tower Hillis. A Companion to the Ancient Near East. Edited by Daniel C. Snell. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020. Nardo, Don. The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Ancient Mesopotamia. Edited by Robert B. Kebric and Elizabeth Des Chenes. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Postgate, J.N. Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London, UK: Routledge, 2015. Rattini, Kristin Baird. “Meet the World's First Emperor.” Meet the World's First Emperor. National Geographic, June 18, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/king-sargon-akkad/.