Podcasts about Kitai

Escucha un nuevo programa junto a José Luis Escarabajano. Hoy nos visitan Tu Otra Bonita para hablarnos de su nuevo trabajo 'Asno'. También nos visita Ove, que arranca nueva etapa con su disco 'Daruma'. Y charlamos con Cindy Castillo, directora adjunta de Mad Cool, sobre la nueva edición del festival madrileño. Completamos el programa escuchando lo nuevo de Kitai, Supercremalleras, Mauri, Sidecars, Ángel Stanich, Yarea, Hermano Salvaje y Sin Rumbo Fijo.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tiempos Modernos con La M.O.D.A, Kitai, Nevada, Sr Bizarro, Hermano Salvaje, Sara del Valle, Ortiga, Da Loma, A Mares y el festival de Les Arts de Valencia. Larga vida a la música.

Tiempos Modernos con La M.O.D.A, Kitai, Nevada, Sr Bizarro, Hermano Salvaje, Sara del Valle, Ortiga, Da Loma, A Mares y el festival de Les Arts de Valencia. Larga vida a la música.

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Volvemos para pinchar lo mejorcito del panorama indie, emergente y alternativo... 120 minutos donde escucharemos a... PARKES, TÚ PELEAS COMO UNA VACA, OH! MARLENE, LAVIDA, ARENA POLAR, LA MALA LETRA, PANAM, LAVANDA, SIX TO FIX, ANIMALES, DAGMARA, TREMENDO PINKMAN, THUGGISH, LINDA BURNETTI, JOVEN DOLORES, MALMÖ 040, DAPHNE, NAKED EVA, EVA RYJLEN, BAUER, KITAI, MAIRENA, MELIFLUO, PAULA MATTHEUS & GABRIEL DE LA ROSA (SHINOVA), LA ANTIGUA FÉ, LIBRE, JUPITER CUBERO, HIJO TERCO BÚFALO GRIS, VËNKMAN, CLAUDIA HALLEY & COMANDANTE TWIN... y tendremos en el recuerdo a FANCY... ¿Alguien da más? Y si no aguantas la espera... Hazte FAN en Ivoox y escucha el programa de cada semana antes que nadie y mucho más contenido exclusivo! 87.7 FM en Cantabria y arcofm.com/escuchar para el resto del mundo. Y en todas las redes sociales para que no pierdas detalle de la música más emergente y alternativa. Sigue nuestros podcast en Ivoox!

Surgidos en Glasgow en 1985, este año Deacon Blue celebran sus 40 años de carrera con la publicación de un disco de canciones nuevas que esta semana protagoniza nuestro tiempo de radio. Además recuperamos algunos de sus hits de los 80 y escuchamos a su frontman Ricky Ross con un mensaje que nos ha hecho llegar para compartir con nosotros ese aniversario. La actualidad internacional la completan The Primitives, Haim, Snow Patrol, April June, Moki, Nick Deutsch, Roberto Celi, Rich Swingle, RedLight, Zachary Mason, Bernard Côté, Phil Swanson, Romain Gutsy y Minna Lafortune. Además seguimos descubriendo el disco de Manic Street Preachers que la pasada semana protagonizó nuestro álbum de la semana. En el apartado nacional destacamos las novedades de Rigoberta Bandini, La Bien Querida, Niña Polaca y Carlangas, Kitai, Living Camboya, Naked Eva, Hijo Terco Bufalo Gris, Mairena y Maria Rodés. Además Malmö 040 hacen aparición para hablarnos de su nuevo disco y próximos conciertos. No nos olvidamos de seguir recomendándote festivales. En esta ocasión te hablamos del Low Festival de Benidorm mientras suena lo nuevo de The Kooks. El broche lo ponen Niños Bravos con su sorprendente nueva versión de "Un beso y una flor" de Nino Bravo que ellos mismos nos presentan.

Ya disponible un nuevo programa, con José Luis Escarabajano. Hoy nos visita Gómez, vocalista de Melifluo, que acaban de publicar su nuevo disco 'Voces Externas'. También conocemos el proyecto de Airu tras publicar su nuevo EP 'Yo no sé nada!!! PT.2' Completamos el programa escuchando lo nuevo de Kitai, Niños Bravos, Niña Polaca & Carlangas, Lucas Colman & Puño Dragón.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nueva entrega de Música de Contrabando, semanario de actualidad musical (20/03/2025)Entrevistas:- Jorge Ilegal nos presenta su nuevo disco, Joven y arrogante. - Nace el Costera Sur Festival, que nos presenta Javier Sierra.Noticias:Radiohead podría salir de gira este año. Oasis anuncia película de la gira. La venta de vinilos sigue creciendo, excepto en España. Cherry Red publicará los singles de Stiff Little Fingers. Bilbao BBK Live cierra su cartel. Linkin Park publicará nuevo material en breve. Neil Young elimina la venta de entradas "platinum" para sus giras. El documental Before The End: Searching for Jim Morrison indaga las teorías conspirativas sobre la muerte del cantante de los Doos. Everything but the gira volverán a actuar juntos. Four Tet remezclará Alone de The Cure para el Record Store Day. Árcade Fire trabajan en un disco nuevo. Novedades:Loquillo, Marika Hackman y Laura Marling, brandon, Durand Jones & The Indications, Caballo Prieto Azabache y Camellos, Maximiliano Calvo, Rosin de Palo, Frente Cumbiero, Arde Bogotá , Friendship , Alan Sparhawk, Beirut, Caroline, La Bien Querida, Papa Topo, Clara Plath, Snow Patrol, Adiós Noviembre, Gruff Rhys, Bon Iver, Viva Belgrado (Conga Festival), Kitai, Etella, Mrcy, Carey, Girl in Red, Ángel Calvo, Marcelo Criminal, Las Wonder, Juventude, Mare Carrier.Agenda de conciertos:Ilegales, Nat Simons, Hamlet, Los Estanques, Anabel Lee, Kenny Garrett, Parquesvr, Grande Amore, Irenexdios, The Yellow Melodies...

Tiempos Modernos con La Bien Querida, Sexy Zebras, Niña Polaca con Carlangas, Pared con Pared, Papa Topo, Kitai, Caballo Prieto Azabache, Niños Raros, Suena Babilonia y el Low Festival de Benidorm con Las Petunias. Larga vida a la música.

Tiempos Modernos con La Bien Querida, Sexy Zebras, Niña Polaca con Carlangas, Pared con Pared, Papa Topo, Kitai, Caballo Prieto Azabache, Niños Raros, Suena Babilonia y el Low Festival de Benidorm con Las Petunias. Larga vida a la música.

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Last time we spoke about the reunification of Xinjiang. In Yarkland, chaos erupted as inflation soared, forcing Chinese officials to retreat to fortified New City. As insurgents advanced, Colonel Chin's forces looted and fled, igniting violence against Uyghurs and Hindu moneylenders. By April, rebels captured Kashgar, fracturing Chinese control. Amid shifting alliances, Abdullah revealed a conflict among Muslim troops, leading to a brief Uyghur-Kirghiz unity against the Chinese. After the execution of leader Temur, Abdullah seized Yarkland, while Tawfiq Bay rallied forces, leaving the Tungans besieged amidst chaos. In the tumultuous landscape of 1930s Xinjiang, Ma Chongying's Tungan forces, alongside young Uyghur conscripts, captured Kumul and advanced toward Urumqi. Despite fierce battles, including a significant clash at Kitai, Sheng Shihtsai struggled to maintain control amid shifting loyalties and external pressures. As the TIRET emerged under Khoja Niyas Hajji, internal conflicts and Soviet interventions escalated. Ultimately, Ma Chongying retreated to Russia, leaving Sheng in power, but the region remained fraught with tension and uncertainty.   #136 Ishiwara Kanji Part 1: The Man who Began WW2? Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. “The board is set, the pieces are moving. We come to it at last, the great battle of our time.” Famously said by Gandalf the White. 1931 was the year the Japanese initiated a 15 year long war with China. For those of you who perhaps joined this podcast recently and don't know, I am Craig and I operate the Pacific War Channel on Youtube. I have been covering the 15 year long China War forever it seems, so when we finally reached this part in our larger story I sat down and thought about how to first tackle this. One thing I really believe needs to be said at the beginning, is a lot of what happened was put into motion by one man, Ishiwara Kanji. For those of you who joined my patreon or later listened to my Ishiwara Kanji series on my channel, this one might be a bit of a refresher. But for those of you who have never heard the name of this man, well let me tell you a story about how a single man caused WW2. Kanji Ishiwara was born on January 18, 1889, in Tsuruoka, located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. He was the second son of a policeman who hailed from a lineage of samurai that had historically served the Shonai Domain. This domain had a notable history, particularly during the Boshin War, where Ishiwara's clan supported the Tokugawa Shogunate. Following the defeat of the Shogunate, clans like Ishiwara's found themselves marginalized in the new political landscape of Meiji Era Japan. The power dynamics shifted significantly, with domains such as Choshu and Satsuma gaining the majority of influential governmental positions, while those that had aligned with the Shogunate were largely excluded from power. At the young age of 13, Ishiwara embarked on his military career by enrolling in a military preparatory school in Sendai. He continued his education for two years at the Central Military Preparatory School in Tokyo, where he honed his skills and knowledge in military affairs. In 1907, he entered the Imperial Japanese Military Academy as a member of its 21st class. After two years of rigorous training, he graduated in July 1909, receiving a commission as a Lieutenant and taking on the role of platoon commander in an infantry regiment stationed in the Tohoku region. In 1910, following Japan's annexation of Korea, Ishiwara's regiment was deployed to the Korean Peninsula, where he served in a small garrison in Ch'unch'on. His time there involved two years of occupation duty, during which he gained valuable experience in military operations and leadership. After returning to Tohoku in 1912, Ishiwara pursued further education and successfully passed the examinations required for entry into the Army Staff College in 1915. His dedication and exceptional performance were evident throughout his studies, culminating in his graduation at the top of his class in November 1918. This achievement earned him a prestigious place among the elite ranks of the Gunto Gumi, a distinguished group within the Japanese military, and he was honored with the imperial sword, a symbol of his status and accomplishments. In 1920, Ishiwara found himself facing a challenging assignment within the Department of Military Training. Eager for a change, he applied for service in China and was subsequently assigned to the Central China Garrison in Hankow. Over the course of a year, he traveled extensively through central China, immersing himself in the culture and landscape before returning to Tokyo in 1921. Upon his return, he took on the role of lecturer at the Army Staff College, where he shared his knowledge and experiences with aspiring military leaders. Despite his desire for another assignment in China, Ishiwara's superiors redirected him to Europe, a common practice for promising young officers at the time. He spent three years in Germany, where he dedicated himself to studying languages and military history. By 1925, at the age of 36 and having attained the rank of Major, he received a prestigious assignment to the faculty of the Army Staff College, where he lectured on the history of warfare. From the outset, Ishiwara distinguished himself as an unconventional officer. His eccentricities were well-known; he was often seen as argumentative and struggled with numerous health issues, including recurrent kidney infections, gastrointestinal problems, tympanitis, and other ailments that plagued him throughout his career. Additionally, his ancestry played a significant role in his military life, particularly in the context of the Japanese military's values during the 1930s. Officers from disgraced clans often felt compelled to demonstrate exceptional loyalty to the Emperor, striving to overcome the stigma associated with their lineage, a legacy of distrust that lingered from the early Meiji period. Ishiwara's character was marked by a certain oddity; he was a nonconformist with a fiercely independent spirit. Many biographers note that while he excelled academically, he often disregarded military decorum, particularly in terms of his dress and personal appearance. Early in his career, he voiced his concerns about perceived inequalities within the military, particularly the favoritism shown towards graduates of the staff college. Such outspoken criticism was considered reckless, yet it reflected his deep-seated beliefs. An avid reader, Ishiwara immersed himself in a wide range of subjects, including politics, religion, history, and philosophy, revealing a restless and inquisitive mind. His unconventional behavior and intellectual pursuits garnered attention from his peers, many of whom regarded him as a brilliant thinker. While military personnel are typically required to study military history, few pursue it with the same fervor as Ishiwara. He developed a profound obsession with understanding military history beyond the standard curriculum. His critical examination of the Russo-Japanese War led him to conclude that Japan's victory was largely a matter of luck. He believed that Japan had adopted the von Moltke strategy of annihilation, but the sheer size of Russia made it impossible to defeat them swiftly. Ishiwara posited that had Russia been better prepared, Japan would likely have faced defeat, and it was only through a unique set of circumstances that Japan avoided a protracted conflict. This realization prompted Ishiwara to advocate for a significant shift in Japan's defense planning, emphasizing the need to adapt to the realities of modern warfare. His studies extended to World War I, where he critically analyzed the distinctions between short and prolonged conflicts. He recognized that extended wars often evolved into total wars, where political, economic, and social factors became as crucial as military strategy. This line of thinking led him to categorize wars into two types: “kessenteki senso” (decisive war) and “jizokuteki senso” (continuous war). Ishiwara viewed these categories as part of a cyclical pattern throughout history, with each type influencing the other in a dynamic interplay. During his time in Germany, Ishiwara immersed himself in the study of prominent military theorists such as Carl von Clausewitz, Helmuth von Moltke, and Hans Delbrück. He found himself particularly captivated by Delbrück's concepts of Niederwerfungstrategie, or "strategy of annihilation," which emphasizes the importance of achieving victory through decisive battles, and Ermattungsstrategie, meaning "strategy of exhaustion," which focuses on wearing down the enemy over time. These theories resonated deeply with Ishiwara, as he recognized parallels between his own ideas and the insights presented in these influential works. This realization prompted him to analyze historical conflicts, viewing the Napoleonic Wars as the quintessential example of annihilation warfare, while interpreting the campaigns of Frederick the Great as emblematic of exhaustion warfare. As Ishiwara advanced in his studies, he became increasingly convinced, much like many of his contemporaries, that Japan and the United States were inevitably on a collision course toward war, driven by conflicting power dynamics and ideological differences. He anticipated that such a conflict would not be swift but rather a drawn-out struggle characterized by a strategy of exhaustion. However, this led him to grapple with a pressing dilemma: how could Japan effectively prepare for a prolonged war when its natural resources were evidently insufficient to sustain such an endeavor? This predicament prompted him to rethink the broader context of Asia. Ishiwara held a strong belief that Asia was a distinct entity, fundamentally different from the West, and he envisioned a future where Asian nations would liberate themselves and unite in solidarity. His enthusiasm was particularly ignited during the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, while he was a young cadet stationed in Korea. The prospect of China revitalizing itself filled him with hope. However, his later experiences in China led to a profound disillusionment. Throughout the 1920s, he encountered rampant banditry, conflicts during the warlord era, and pervasive chaos and disorder. The widespread poverty and instability he witnessed shattered his earlier optimistic vision of China's potential for progress and reform, leaving him with a more sobering understanding of the challenges facing the region. He wrote this during that time “Looking at the situation in China, I came to harbor grave doubts as to the political capacities of the chinese race and came to feel that, though they were a people of high cultural attainment, it was impossible for them to construct a modern state”. Despite his profound disappointment with the political issues plaguing China, he was equally appalled by the way his Japanese colleagues treated the Chinese people. He vividly recalled feelings of shame when he witnessed fellow colleagues in Hankow disembarking from rickshaws and carelessly tossing coins at the feet of the rickshaw pullers. This behavior struck him as not only disrespectful but also indicative of a broader attitude of racial superiority that he believed needed to be addressed. He frequently expressed in his writings that the Japanese needed to abandon their feelings of racial superiority. Ironically, he often juxtaposed this belief with his conviction that Japan had a duty to guide nations like China toward their rightful destiny. While he advocated for racial equality between Japan and China, he held a markedly different view regarding China's political landscape. Like many of his contemporaries, he believed that China required significant reform and modernization, which he felt Japan was uniquely positioned to facilitate. To Ishiwara, the pressing issue was that if Japan did not assist China in its development, Western powers would aggressively intervene, further subjugating the nation. He viewed Japan's role as one of liberation for China, rather than domination. Additionally, Ishiwara connected the impending conflict between Japan and the United States to the broader dynamics of Japan-China relations, suggesting that the outcome of this war would significantly impact the future interactions between the two nations. Ishiwara, like many Japanese military officers of his time, subscribed to the concept of Kokutai, a complex and multifaceted cultural phenomenon that served as a spiritual driving force within the Japanese military. The Kokutai can be understood as the essence of Japan's national character. Japan operated as a constitutional monarchy, embodying both the Kokutai (the national body or character) and Seitai (the governmental structure). This duality created a unique ideological framework: one aspect emphasized the traditional reverence for the emperor, while the other focused on the official government apparatus.   To simplify this intricate relationship, one might say, “Japan is governed simultaneously by the emperor and the government.” However, this characterization is inherently confusing, as it encapsulates a significant contradiction. Article 4 of the former Japanese constitution stated, “The emperor is the head of the empire, combining in himself the right of sovereignty, uniting the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, although subject to the consent of the imperial diet.” This provision suggests the existence of an absolute monarch who is nonetheless expected to heed the advice of democratically elected representatives, creating a paradox that would contribute to the tensions leading to the Pacific War. A critical issue that arose from this constitutional framework was that the military was explicitly stated to be under the control of the emperor, rather than the political diet. Consequently, many military leaders perceived themselves as being beholden to the Kokutai, an ideology that evolved significantly from the Meiji era into the Showa era. For instance, consider a high-ranking military officer who views the political elite as corrupt individuals who have effectively taken the emperor hostage, acting against his will and, by extension, against the will of the Japanese people. Such a perspective could lead to radical actions, including attempts to overthrow the government to restore what they believed to be the rightful authority of the emperor. This ideological conflict presents a fascinating and complex rabbit hole that merits further exploration. Ishiwara had a unique view of the Kokutai. In his early education he wrote this about his doubt on understanding it as a principal. “Even though I, myself, because of my training…had come to have an unshakeable faith in the kokutai I began to lack confidence that I could imparts this belief to others –to the common soldier, to the civilian, to non-Japanese”. Ishiwara grappled with a profound question: how could the concept of Kokutai—the national essence of Japan—be relevant beyond the borders of Japan? He pondered how its significance could extend beyond the specific national interests of Japan. If a Japanese soldier were to lay down his life for the Kokutai, what meaning would that sacrifice hold for individuals of different races and nationalities? Furthermore, he sought to understand how the Kokutai's universal value could be connected to other ideologies outside Japan. In his quest for answers, Ishiwara turned to Nichiren Buddhism. This spiritual framework allowed him to weave together his thoughts on warfare, historical narratives, and the national purpose of Japan. Interestingly, Ishiwara did not come from a religious background; he had briefly explored Christianity but did not pursue it further. Similarly, Shintoism did not fully resonate with his beliefs. Nichiren Buddhism, however, presented a compelling alternative. It is characterized by a strong sense of patriotism and an apocalyptic vision, positioning itself as a holy mission intended for all of humanity, with Japan at its center. This belief system embodies a quasi-ideology of world regeneration, casting Japan as a moral leader destined to guide others. Given this context, it is easy to see how the Kokutai and Nichiren Buddhism complemented each other seamlessly. By leveraging the principles of Nichiren Buddhism, Ishiwara envisioned a way to elevate the Kokutai from a strictly nationalistic doctrine to a more universal ideology that could resonate globally. His introduction to these ideas came through Tanaka Chigaku, a prominent figure in the Kokuchukai, or "National Pillar Society," which was a nationalist organization rooted in Nichiren Buddhism and based in Tokyo. This connection provided Ishiwara with a framework to articulate a vision of Japan that transcended its geographical boundaries, linking the Kokutai to a broader, more inclusive mission. After attending a public meeting held by Tanaka, he quickly converted to Kokuchukai and he would write down in his journal “I was attracted to the Nichiren faith's view of the kokutai”. Nichiren buddhism. One element of Kokuchukai's Nichirenism that strongly attracted Ishiwara was its aggressive passages. He justified much of Japan's military actions on the Asian continent by drawing parallels to Nichiren's concept of wielding the sword to uphold righteousness. He frequently quoted Nichiren's assertion that “the significance of the art of war appears in the wonderful law.” Ishiwara became deeply immersed in Nichiren's teachings and came to believe in its prophecy of a “Zendai mimon no dai toso,” or a titanic world conflict unprecedented in human history, akin to a global Armageddon. Following this conflict, he envisioned a period of universal and eternal peace under the harmony of “the wonderful law.” While in Germany, Ishiwara became convinced that if Japan and the United States were destined for war and the U.S. emerged victorious, the kokutai would be obliterated. He traveled back to Japan via the Trans-Siberian Railway, stopping in Harbin, where he met with Nichiren followers. He shared his thoughts on a “final war,” asserting that it would arise from religious prophecy and his military analysis. He cautioned that Japan must prepare for this impending conflict, declaring that “the final war is fast approaching.” Upon returning to Japan in 1925, he was filled with determination to lecture at the Army Staff College about this final war. His audience consisted of the army's promising young officers, to whom he taught about Frederican and Napoleonic campaigns, Moltke, World War I, and, of course, his insights on the looming conflict. The Army Staff College repeatedly requested him to expand his lectures due to their popularity. In 1927, he drafted an essay titled “Genzai oyobi shorai Nihon no kokubo / Japan's Present and Future National Defense,” in which he discussed the inevitable war between the U.S. and Japan. This essay garnered significant attention from his colleagues. Later, in April 1931, he briefed his fellow Kwantung officers using this essay, advocating for decisive action on the Asian mainland. In 1928, he was scheduled to give another course on European warfare, but he contracted influenza and had to take a leave of absence. As he was recovering, he developed tympanitis in his ear, which required a six-month hospitalization. This was just one of many health issues that would affect him over time. Eventually, he became involved in an elite study group focused on war theories, led by Major Suzuki. This group included young reformist officers who discussed political and military matters. He continued his work on the concept of total war and ultimately wrote “Sensoshi taikan / General Outline of the History of War,” which he presented as a lecture to Kwantung officers in Changch'un, Manchuria, on July 4, 1929. The work underwent revisions in 1931 and 1938 and was published as a book of the same title after 1941. As he began lecturing using Sensoshi taiken he also circulated amongst an inner circle within the Kwantung army “kokuun tenkai no konpon kokusakutaru man-mo mondai kaiketsuan / Plan for the solution of the Manchuria and Mongolia problem as a basic national policy to revolutionize our country's destiny”, what a title. As you might guess the plan called for occupying Manchuria in preparation for the upcoming war with America. By the way, all of his lectures and works would gain so much fame, he was asked in 1936 to adapt the materials for a text on military history for Emperor Hirohito.  The 1930s were a particularly tense period for Japan. The Japanese leadership perceived Marxism as a pervasive threat, believing it was undermining the nation. Many liberal voices argued that the military budget was excessive and called for cuts. To Ishiwara, this was madness; he questioned how Japan could afford to disarm. While Marxists claimed that communism would rescue Japan, liberals argued that true democracy was the answer. In contrast, Ishiwara and many in the military believed that the Kokutai would be Japan's salvation. Ishiwara advocated his final theories of warfare, asserting that the impending apocalypse would not lead to an American synthesis, but rather a decisive victory for the Japanese Kokutai that would unify the world. “Japan must be victorious not for the sake of her own national interest, but for the salvation of the world. The last war in human history is approaching, Nichiren's titanic world conflict, unprecedented in human history”. From the outset of his initial theories, Ishiwara was convinced that the final war would be characterized by a strategy of exhaustion. However, World War I and the advancements of the 1920s introduced new technologies like tanks, poison gas, and airplanes. The airplane, in particular, led Ishiwara to believe that the defensive stalemate observed in World War I was nearing its end. He argued that airpower could deliver bomb loads beyond all known defenses, including naval surface units, fortifications, and armies equipped with automatic weapons. Ishiwara predicted that the final war would unleash unimaginable horrors on the world's greatest cities. Cities like London, Shanghai, Paris, and even Tokyo could be devastated within a single day of the outbreak of hostilities. Air bombardment would deliver victory and he would be quite right about that in regards to what would happen to Japan. He believed such a war would be waged only once and “we will enter an age where war will become impossible because of the ultimate development of war technology”. Ishiwara contended that Japan should exert direct or indirect control over Manchuria and, to a lesser extent, certain regions of China. He claimed that Japan had a moral responsibility to the Asian continent and a unique connection to Manchuria and China. He emphasized the need to stabilize China, as its people faced threats from chaos, corruption, and conflict. Ishiwara argued that Japan would ultimately need to take a more proactive role in stabilizing China, especially in Manchuria, for the sake of peace and the well-being of the Chinese population. He wrote in 1930 “To save China, which has known no peace, is the mission of Japan, a mission, which, at the same time, is the only means for the salvation of Japan itself. To accomplish this task it is an urgent matter that the interference of the United States be eliminated”. Ironically, he was advocating that in order to prepare for a conflict with the US, Japan must take a stronger hand in Manchuria and China…which would probably force the United States to confront her. He advocated against the strategy of a decisive battle at sea, instead emphasizing a continental strategy. “If the worst comes about and the war at sea turns against us, if proper measures have been taken, Japanese forces on the Asian mainland can be made self-sufficient and the war continued.” Above all else, Manchuria was the key, alongside parts of Mongolia and China.  In 1931, he started advocating for reforms in China, suggesting that it would be beneficial for the country to accept guidance from Japan. He viewed China as Japan's most important ally in the event of a conflict with the United States. He argued that Japan should make every effort to avoid getting involved in a war with China and should strive to prevent any actions that might provoke such a situation. Yet as he continued his writing he began to see the diplomatic issues play out between China and Japan and came to the conclusion, “every attempt should be made to avoid provoking China, but in the event that it is impossible to bring about China's understanding, then Nanking should be swiftly attacked and north and central China occupied” way to go 0-60. His attitudes to Britain and Russia were quite similar, every effort should be made to remain friendly, but in the case of war Hong Kong and Malaya should be quickly occupied or in the case of the USSR, predetermined objectives inside Siberia should be seized quickly. Let's delve into the historical landscape of Manchuria during the late 1920s, a period marked by intense geopolitical maneuvering among Russia, China, and Japan. The region found itself caught in a complex struggle for dominance, exacerbated by the fragmentation of Chinese authority due to rampant warlordism. This instability effectively severed Manchuria's ties to the rest of China, creating an opportunity for Japan to solidify and expand its influence. The situation in Manchuria, often referred to as the "Manchurian Problem," revolved around a pivotal question for Japanese policymakers: How could Japan consolidate its hold over Manchuria and further its interests in the face of an increasingly assertive China? Japan identified three primary strategies to address this challenge: Control of the South Manchuria Railway: Securing this vital transportation artery would grant Japan significant leverage over southern Manchuria. However, this strategy was fraught with complications, as it necessitated ongoing confrontations with Chinese political forces that opposed Japanese dominance. Utilization of the Kwantung Army: This military force stationed in Manchuria was crucial for projecting Japanese power. Members of the Kwantung Army were particularly concerned about the Northern Expedition led by Chiang Kai-shek, which threatened the stability of their ally, Zhang Zuolin, known as the "Tiger of Manchuria." While Zhang had been cooperative and acted in Japan's interests, his support could not be guaranteed indefinitely. Japanese Colonization: This approach involved encouraging Japanese settlers to move into Manchuria, thereby establishing a demographic presence that could help legitimize Japan's claims to the territory. This method, often likened to a “filibuster,” aimed to create a Japanese cultural and economic foothold in the region. Each of these strategies presented distinct pathways forward, each with its own implications for the future of Manchuria and its relationship with China. The Kwantung Army, in particular, was increasingly alarmed by the rise of anti-Japanese sentiment as the Northern Expedition advanced northward. The army viewed Manchuria not only as a territory of strategic interest but also as a crucial buffer against the Soviet Union. The growing instability posed by Chiang Kai-shek's forces and the potential loss of influence over Zhang Zuolin were significant threats that needed to be addressed. Ultimately, many within the Kwantung Army believed that the only viable solution to secure Japan's interests in Manchuria would be to formally detach the region from China, a move that would likely require military intervention. This belief underscored the precarious balance of power in Manchuria during this tumultuous period and foreshadowed the escalating conflicts that would shape the region's future. In June 1927, senior officers of the Kwantung Army were summoned to a crucial meeting convened by Premier Tanaka Giichi. The primary objective of this gathering was to establish Japan's strategic policy regarding China and Manchuria. Within the ranks of the Kwantung Army, a more radical faction led by Colonel Komoto Daisaku was determined to eliminate Zhang Zuolin, who had increasingly become perceived as a significant barrier to Japanese ambitions in Manchuria. This faction's resolve culminated in the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928, an event infamously known as the Huanggutun Incident, where a bomb was placed on the train tracks to ensure his demise. However, the outcome of this assassination did not unfold as the Kwantung Army officers had anticipated. Instead of the anticipated rise of their chosen puppet leader, General Yang Yuting, control of Manchuria fell to Zhang Zuolin's son, Zhang Xueliang. Unsurprisingly, Zhang Xueliang was deeply angered by the murder of his father and was far from compliant with Japanese interests. Consequently, the Kwantung Army found itself in a precarious position, as their aggressive policies in Manchuria backfired, leading to a situation that was even more unfavorable than before. The investigation into the assassination was notably half-hearted, resulting in the dismissal of Colonel Komoto from his position. This political fallout also led to the collapse of Tanaka's cabinet, leaving the Kwantung Army feeling both embarrassed and enraged over their diminished influence in Manchuria. The Japanese colonists residing in Manchuria, feeling increasingly threatened, began to call upon the Kwantung Army for protection against Chinese nationalists who sought to expel them from the region. In this climate of uncertainty, the Kwantung Army was left scrambling for strategies to detach Manchuria from Chinese control. In 1928, Lieutenant Colonel Ishiwara was consulted extensively by Kwantung officers regarding his perspectives on the Manchurian situation. Although he had not yet fully developed his Final War theory at this time, he articulated the fundamental principles behind it, emphasizing the urgent need for decisive action to assert control over Manchuria. Over the following years, Kwantung officers made concerted efforts to shape policy in favor of their interests in Manchuria, with Ishiwara's ideas gaining traction and stimulating discussions among his high-ranking peers. By October 1928, Ishiwara successfully secured a position on the Kwantung Army staff as an operations officer, with Colonel Komoto Daisaku as his primary supporter. Komoto recognized Ishiwara as the dynamic force needed to advance the aggressive Manchurian policies that the Kwantung Army sought to implement. This collaboration marked a significant turning point in the Kwantung Army's approach to Manchuria, as they aimed to solidify their control and influence in the region amidst growing tensions. When Ishiwara arrived at Port Arthur, he encountered a chaotic and demoralized atmosphere at the headquarters of the Kwantung Army. This turmoil was largely a consequence of the disastrous bombing of Zhang Zuolin, which had resulted in significant operational failures. The investigation into this assassination triggered numerous changes within the Kwantung Army's leadership, many of which were quite restrictive and stifling. Despite the catastrophic impact of the Zhang Zuolin incident on Komoto's career, he continued to advocate for a forceful resolution to the escalating Manchurian crisis. Ishiwara appeared to share this perspective, and during the early months of 1929, he collaborated closely with Komoto to devise military operations aimed at countering Chinese forces in the Mukden region. However, by the spring of 1929, Komoto's position became increasingly precarious, leading to his official dismissal. By May, he had been reassigned to a relatively insignificant divisional post in Japan, and by June, he was completely removed from the army. Nevertheless, this did not signify the end of his influence over Manchurian affairs. His successor was Lieutenant Colonel Itagaki Seishiro, a longtime associate of Ishiwara from their days at the Sendai Military Preparatory School. This connection suggested that while Komoto may have been sidelined, the strategic direction in Manchuria would continue to be shaped by familiar faces and longstanding relationships. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. A young, brilliant but perhaps insane man named Ishiwara Kanji began a fruitful military career. After spending considerable time in China, Ishiwara came to a dramatic conclusion, China needed to be saved, and to do so Japan needed to invade Manchuria. He began lecturing like minded youth and built a cult following, directing Japan towards war with China.  

Last time we continued to speak about the insane battle over Southern Xinjiang. In Yarkland, chaos erupted as inflation soared, prompting Chinese officials to retreat to fortified New City. Panic led to desperate measures, including the use of dummy figures for defense. As insurgents advanced, Colonel Chin's forces looted and fled, sparking violence against Uyghurs and Hindu moneylenders. By April, rebel forces captured Kashgar, fracturing Chinese control. Amid shifting alliances, Ma Chanzeng sought power, but internal strife among leaders like Temur culminated in further violence and betrayal, with power ultimately shifting to the Khotanlik provisional government under Muhammad Amin Bughra. Abdullah's revelation ignited conflict among Muslim troops. The Uyghurs and Kirghiz briefly united against the Chinese, ultimately capturing the New City. As tensions rose, massacres occurred, fracturing alliances and leading to a power struggle. After the execution of Uyghur leader Temur, Abdullah seized control of Yarkland, while charismatic Tawfiq Bay rallied forces against the Tungans. Eventually, the Khotan Amirs dominated the region, achieving unity amidst chaos, leaving only the besieged Tungans at bay.   #135 Kumul Rebellion part 4: The reunification of Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Do you remember Ma Chongying, basically the guy that started most of this madness? Following him getting severely wounded at Liaotun in autumn of 1932, he had withdrawn the majority of his forces to his old domain in northwestern Gansu. He set up a HQ at Anxi and through his subordinates began expanding territory and increasing recruitment via conscription. The British missionaries Mildred Cable and Francesca French were living in Tunhuang at the time and wrote extensively about Ma Congying's recruitment efforts “The town was robbed of everything in the nature of food, goods and money ... next to food the most coveted possessions of the oases were the young, vigorous, hardy men ... These were the men whom Ma Chung-ying wanted for gun fodder, and orders were issued to the press-gang to fetch them in from every farm of the neighborhood, and collect them in Tunhuang City. Every day we saw them being rounded up. The ropes which they themselves had twisted from desert grass were used to tie their hands behind their backs, and to noose their necks in a running-knot. Roped together in droves of twenty to thirty, according to the success of the raid, they were brought to town by captors who rode the horses levied from these boys' own stables. Thrust behind the high palings of temple courtyards, the imprisoned youths lined the barriers, looking out for some passers-by who might belong to their own group of farmsteads and would take a report home that son or husband had been captured”. After initial training at Tunhuang, the recruits were taken to Anxi for further training. Cable and French were ordered to Anxi to aid Ma Chongying with his wounds and to  take care of other Tungans who reportedly had been injured by fire arrows during the siege of Kumul Old City. They did a good job as within a short amount of time Ma Chongying was able to ride again.  Back in Xinjiang, following the failed Uyghur led rebellion at Kumul and facing another imminent Tungant invasion in the Turfan area Jin Shujen turned increasingly to the USSR for help. In September of 1931 he bought two biplanes for the Soviets at 40,000 Mexican silver dollars each. The planes came with two Russian pilots and on October 1st, Jin signed a secret trade deal with the USSR allowing 8 Soviet trading agencies to set up shop in Urumqi, Chuguchak, Kashgar, Kulja, Aksu, Kucha, Khotan and Yarkland. Customs duties on Soviets goods were reduced and a new Xinjiang-Soviet telegraph line and radio communications were established. Jin signed these deals illegally without notifying Nanjing and in return received economic and military assistance from the Soviets. In July of 1932 he would receive another 8 aircraft. Yet despite the Soviet assistance, Jin's provincial forces with the exception of Peppengut's White Russian detachment remained ill trained and ill officered. Following the relief of Kumul Old City and Ma Chongyings retreat back to Gansu, Chang Peiyuan, the provincial commander in chief and military governor of Ili went to Urumqi. It appears that Jin did not fully trust Chang Peiyuan, possibly fearing that the victory at Kumul had stirred up dangerous ambitions in Chang. This distrust seemed to be mutual, as Chang, upon receiving orders to transfer to the provincial capital, chose to defy them and returned to Ili in an act bordering on open rebellion. In response, Jin appointed Sheng Shihtsai, Chang's Chief-of-Staff during the Kumul campaign, as the new Provincial Commander-in-Chief. This decision would have significant implications both for Jin's future and for the future of Xinjiang. Sheng Shihtsai was born in 1895 in Liaoning Manchuria. He was the son of a small landowner. In 1917 he traveled to Japan to study political economics at Waseda University and came back to China in 1919 to participate in the May 4th movement. During that time he developed radical and anti-Japanese stances. He then joined the military training school in Guangdong and later enrolled in the northeastern military academy. He entered military service under Guo Songling, haha that old cry baby, who was deputy under Zhang Zuolin. Sheng Shihtsai rose through the ranks becoming a Lt Colonel. In 1924 Guo Songling sponsored Sheng's admission to the Shikan Gakko military academy in Japan. Sheng returned briefly to help Guo Songlings failed coup against Zhang Zuolin, but was able to escape imprisonment with support from Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-Shek. They got him a ticket back to Japan, and he returned to China in 1927 to participate in the northern expedition as a staff officer attached to Chiang Kai-Sheks HQ. After the northern expedition, he was made chief of war operations section of the General staff at Nanjing, but in 1929 resigned as he did not get along with his superiors. After all of this he took an interest in China's border defences. At the time a delegation from Xinjiang visited Nanjing searching for financial aid. Jin Shujen had instructed one of his delegates, Kuang Lu the deputy General secretary of Xinjiang, to find an able bodied officer to help reorganize Xinjiang's military. Kuang Lu fished around and found Sheng who looked like a very promising man. Sheng then traveled via the USSR arriving to Urumqi in the winter of 1929. His initial welcome was a luke warm one as Jin was suspicious of this highly qualified overseas educated man, obviously seeing him as a potential threat. Moreover, Jin's brother Jin Shuxin hated Sheng's appointment because the man outshined him. Despite the jealousy, Jin was basically grasping at straws and needed the help so he made Sheng the chief of staff over the Xinjiang Frontier Army and also the instructor at the provincial military college.  In the words of historian Chan Fooklam “Sheng's appointment was like Jin burying a time bomb under his bed, he had brought upon himself his own doom”. Despite receiving aid from the Soviets and British, Jin's grip over Xinjiang was slipping away. In May of 1932 Ma Chongying had dispatched Ma Shuming to take over the Tungan operation against Turfan. As we talked about, Ma Fuming, leading the provincial forces at Turfan simply defected. Also at this time Chang Peiyuan's insubordination was breaking out, easing the way for Sheng to be promoted to commander in chief. Sheng was directing an unsuccessful campaign against Uyghur insurgents at Karlik Tagh. Following news of Ma Fumings defection and the Tungan capture of Turfan, Sheng advanced west from Kumul to try and prevent the combined Muslim forces from marching upon Urumqi. After a bloody two day battle he recaptured Turfan, but this has little effect over Ma Shuming who had already moved his HQ to Kara Shahr.  During mid-winter, Ma Shuming's Tungan cavalry and Ma Fumings Turkic insurgents began an advance to Urumqi. At some point a force of provincial troops sent to Urumqi by Jin, specifically to guard the Dawan Cheng Pass were ambushed and annihilated by the Tungans. Meanwhile full scale rebellions had broken out at Kucha led by Temur and at Khotan led by the Amirs. To this Jin responded by expanding Pappenguts White Russian detachment from its original strength of 250 to 1500 men. The White Russians, most of whom came from Ili Valley, had literally no choice but to enlist. Alongside threatening any White Russians with deportation to the USSR, Jin also arrested many Russian women to compel their husbands to enlist. By early January of 1933, Ma Shumings Tungans had crossed the Dawan Cheng and were now operating at will in the Chaiwupao corridor, to the immediate south of the capital. Wu Aichen the political envoy on behalf of Nanjing reported on January 29th, that the city gates were suddenly closed and a month of food shortages and communal tensions rose. Wu Aichen would witness the brutality of the war. In his reports, the Tungans advanced towards the city during the night, seizing the Great West Bridge after a heavy fight. The Provincial commander defending the city only had 700 troops under him and if it was not for 300 White Russian troops suddenly arriving, the city most likely would have fallen then. Wu Aichen described the White Russian troops as superb fighters, albeit savagely drunk as they drove back the Tungan and Uyghurs during two days of hand to hand combat. Meanwhile Tungans had captured the radio station and a nearby height called Devil's Hill which overlooked the Urumqi suburbs. The Chinese officials feared letting in any more Muslim civilians to the Old City, thus they kept the city gates causing large numbers of refugees from the suburbs to gather outside the walls. This was particularly evident at the west gate which became the focal point of the fighting. Wu Aichen witnessed much of it and had this to say. “In times of peace this street was one of the most prosperous in the city, but now it was crowded With innocent fugitives, whose plight was terrible indeed. There was was worse to come, however, for now the advancing rebels came to this quarter and seizing the houses made loop-holes in the walls. In the flat roofs they set up machine-gun posts which could enfilade Government positions on either side of them. I could see for myself that the situation was desperate and that our troops would be pinned against the walls. General Pai, who was in command, did not hesitate. He gave the order that the street of the small religion should be set on fire. Then followed a scene so frightful that the reader's imagination must suffice. As the flames swept down the long lane of wooden structures they became an inferno of horror, for the roar of the conflagration was added to the rattle of gunfire, .and the hideous shrieks of those who were trapped. The rebels sought safety in flight, and as they crossed the open were machine-gunned from the Red Mountain; but the fugitives had nowhere to fly to and perished to the last man, woman and child. Nevertheless the city was saved, and when at last the flames died down the approach to the West Bridge was strewn with the bodies of our assailants. On the evening of the second day I had completed ten thousand words of copying. I asked how many were dead. I was told at least two thousand. Once again I returned to my task, reflecting that a human life had been taken at every fifth word”. Following the defeat, the Muslim forces had to pull back from the West Gate area, however, they still held control over the West Bridge, a mere half mile northwest. This gave them a great launchpad for night raids and many would be killed trying to scale the walls under the mouths of guns. The White Russian troops emerged as the backbone of the defenses, holding the city walls and making occasional sorties. Urumqi would have fallen if it was not for Sheng Shihtsai who came to her aid with his troops from Turfan. Upon seeing his relief forces the Muslim insurgents broke off their attack and withdrew into the surrounding countryside. With winter coming to an end, with fear of a cholera outbreak looming the Chinese went to work burying the dead. Wu Aichen was one of those who helped with the burials and wrote a horrifying description about the conditions of the city. Over 1000 bodies were buried in a single mass grave within the suburbs and the final death toll was estimated to exceed 6000. Following the relief of Urumqi, the Muslim insurgents seized all they could in the countryside such as Dawan Cheng, the districts of Fukang and parts of Santopao where an estimated 900 Han Chinese were killed. The insurgents burned the stocks of rice that usually fed the capital and on March 1st a detachment of 100 provincial troops were ambushed and annihilated at Chitaowan. The situation throughout the province deteriorated; to the south Ma Shaowu had isolated Kashgar and in the north a Kazakh rebellion broke out in the Sahara Sume region under Sharif Khan. The Kazakh uprising convinced the Soviets that Jin Sujen was going to inevitably lose Xinjiang. They acted without any notice to Nanjing by dispatching forces to help hold up Urumqi. Fate would have it, 2000 battle hardened Chinese troops had recently been driven over the Heilongjiang border into Siberia by the Japanese during the invasion of Manchuria. So Stalin signed off on sending them over the trans-siberian and Turk-sib railways to the Xinjiang frontier of Chuguchak. This force designated the Northeast National Salvation Army consisted of regular soldiers who were well trained and held good morale. They arrived to Urumqi on March 27th of 1933, substantially bolstering the provincial military, more particularly that of the new Provincial commander in chief, Sheng Shihtsai who just so happened to also be a Manchurian.  Sheng led the new forces to push back the invading Tungans of Ma Shuming who was forced over the Dawan Cheng back to his HQ at Kara Shahr. The Uyghur insurgents were demoralized and Khoja Niyas Hajji who controlled a belt around the Xinjiang-Gansu frontier began begining for assistance from Ma Chongying. Meanwhile Jin basically was undermined by Sheng and was seeing further unrest in Urumqi. The White Russians who had bore the brunt of the fighting to defend Urumqi were royally pissed off as they had not all been paid and were provided the worst horses and ammunition of all the defenders. Moreover Jin's popularity with all nationalities, even Han Chinese had fallen dramatically because his brother Jin Shuxin had reportedly exorted the granaries during the siege. Following the relief of Urumqi, Pappengut and the other White Russians approached the leaders of the northeast national salvation army with grievances against Jin Shujen and were given assurances of support to mount a coup against him. On April 12th, around 400 White Russians stormed the capital with 200 of them seizing the city gates and yamen. Jin managed to escape over the city walls and fled to the USSR via Chuguchak. From there he returned to China via the Turk-Sib and Trans-Siberian. Meanwhile his younger brother Jin Shuxin was captured and executed. Sheng Shihtsai was encamped at Uruba at the time of the coup and insisted in his future memoirs he had nothing to do with the coup and that it was all the USSR's doing. Regardless after the coup Sheng was urged to go to Urumqi where negotiations began with Liu Wenlung who was appointed Provincial Chairman while Sheng was made Tupan or “border defense commissioner”. Ie; Sheng was made the de facto ruler of Xinjiang.  After Ma Shumings failure to take Urumqi and Khoja Niyas Hajji's pleas for help, Ma Chongying determined to reenter the fray in person. Despite the setbacks, the Tungans had crossed the Dawan Cheng and nearly taken the capital, coupled with the seizure of Kashgar, Ma Chongying most likely believed there was still a great chance to take it all. He had spent 18 months rebuilding his army and better yet, because of the USSR's illegal move to save Urumqi, Nanjing officially recognizing his Tungan forces as the 36th division of the NRA. Ma Chongying moved his HQ from Anxi to Suzhou and really improved his military. A German engineer named Vasel working with him described him as a man who admired Napoleon, Bismarck and Hindenburg and who “was frequently to be seen running at the head of his troops during training, even in sub-zero temperature. Military training was pursued with a spartan rigour, pushed to the verge of utter ruthlessness. Desertion was punishable by death, and on one occasion I saw Ma personally behead five such offenders. In one of those sudden fits of exuberance that were typical of him, snatching up casually some hand grenades, which he had made himself, and hurling them, one by one, against the lofty clay-coloured walls of the city. And then he laughed heartily when he saw his men fling themselves flat on the ground as splinters of steel hurtled in all directions. He scorned to seek safety by throwing himself on the ground, and was quite delighted when he saw that I too did not seek cover”. During spring of 1933, Ma Chongying prepared to reinvade Xinjiang. A Swedish man named Bexeill was working along the Gansu-Qinghai border and noted Ma Chongying heavily taxed his territory in northwestern Gansu to the limits of the peasants endurance. He apparently even sent troops into Qinghai to illegally tax them. By May of 1933 his army departed Suhou for Yumen and Vasel gives us this description of them. “A dark mass of human beings, camels and oxen, was pouring out of the city gate towards the west amid clouds of dust. There were hundreds of heavily-laden camels, the bells on their necks clanging monotonously, their drivers easily discernible by their gaudy headgear. In the rear followed high-wheeled ox-carts, flanked on either side by infantry. Behind them again came a company of cavalry, which presently galloped past the lumbering camels and oxen along the track through the desert ... and now I had an opportunity of seeing at close range General Ma's famous cavalry riding past me and keeping its post at the head of the marching columns. This was the famous white cavalry regiment of which General Ma was especially proud. The broad iron swords of the dragoons clanked as they rode along on their magnificent white horses, while on their shoulders they carried carbines of the most varied and antiquated patterns. Next came the brown regiment, while in the rear followed the black regiment, comprising some two thousand horsemen. A short distance behind the cavalry came the infantry - regiment after regiment, headed by the Chinese (Kuomintang) standard. On they swept, platoon after platoon, followed by their officers, with their mausers at the ready. The columns strode along, keeping perfect time with their shrill, high-pitched, mournful, Asiatic marching songs. Sandwiched between some of these trained and trustworthy soldiers I saw large drafts of recruits who had been compelled to join General Ma's forces. These raw levies were constantly kept under very close observation'. On Top of Ma Chongyings new Tungan army, young Uyghurs were also conscripted into his ranks. 2500 Tungans under the command of his younger brother Ma Chongjie captured Kumul in May with little opposition. This was because the area was dominated by Ma Chongyings ally Khoja Niyas Hajji. After this Ma Chongjie issued bilingual proclamations to the people of Kumul, stating they were free of Jin Shujen's tyranny, who at the time was in the USSR. Meanwhile Sheng hurriedly prepared a force of 5000 to meet the invaders near Urumqi. Ma Chongying advanced upon Qiqiaoqing unopposed, getting even further west than his first invasion of 1931. Instead of taking the main road to Turgan, the Tungans crossed the narrow defile between Barkul Tagh and Bogdo Ula to hit the garrison town of Kitai. The first major battle broke out near Mulei, due east of Kitai on May 15th. Two days later a mixed force of 4000 Tungans and Turkic Muslims attacked Kitai led by Ma Chongjie. On May 26th Sheng sortied from Urumqi at the head of 5000 men, 1000 of whom were White Russians. Sheng planned to hold Santai, the halfway point between Urumqi and Kitai. Sheng's men attacked the invaders around Kitai, but lost the battle for the city, though Ma Chongjie was killed in battle. Sheng then retreated back to Urumqi by June 1st. Things looked dire for Sheng, he was unsure how Nanjing would react to the coup against Jin Shujen, his position was threatened to the east by Ma Chongying now headquartered at Kitai and to the west by Chang Peiyuan the military governor of Ili whom he suspected was not loyal to Urumqi and in league with the Tungans. Ma Chongying was now within striking distance of Urumqi, when he suddenly halted his attack and sent a telegram with terms. It turns out Ma Chongying had no idea Jin Shujen had been overthrown, so he was unsure how to proceed. This bought Sheng more time to raise defenses, sending the White Russians to hold Fukang as he dispatched Wu Aichen on a peace mission to Kitai. Wu Aichen's mission failed, so Sheng went to Fukang to take personal command of the army and to meet Ma Chongying around the hamlet of Zuniquan. During the battle of mid June, the provincial forces managed to gain the upper hand due to severe weather conditions for which the lightly clothed Tungans were ill prepared for. The Uyghurs forces of Khoja Niyas Hajji also took no part in the fighting despite being in the immediate area. The Tungans were defeated at Zuniquan, but not routed. Ma Chongyings men managed to retreat in well order to Qiqiaoqing and from there advanced to Turfan joined Tungan forces under Ma Shuming. Combined the Tungans marched to Dawan Cheng. At the same time a Pacification Commissioner, Huang Musung was sent by Nanjing to Urumqi. His mission was to establish peace between the provincial forces and Ma Chongying, both of whom claimed loyalty to Nanjing. Sheng was suspicious of Huang Musung and felt Nanjing might be simply backing the Tungans. Thus Sheng had Huang Musung placed under house arrest. Then Sheng accused three Xinjiang officials of plotting with Huang Musung, Chang Peiyuan and Ma Chongying to overthrow him and had them all executed via a firing squad. Thus Sheng clearly had distanced himself from Nanjing and turned 100% to the USSR for help. During early Autumn Ma Chongying was still in Turfan reorganizing the forces while Sheng was consolidating his position in Urumqi and quelling the Kazakh rebellion.  Meanwhile Khoja Niyas Hajji was growing uneasy with his alliance to Ma Chongying and began to open up secret negotiations with Sheng and soon was appointed Chief Defense commissioner for Southern Xinjiang. He then took his Uyghurs across the Dawan Cheng and occupied Toksun only to be surprise attacked and decisively defeated by Tungans under Ma Shuming. By late July Khoja Niyas Hajji took his battered survivors and fled for Kucha. At this point Huang Musung managed to secure his release from house arrest by telegramming Nanjing the recommendation that Sheng Shihtsai and Liu Wenlung be confirmed in their posts as the chief military and civil authorities over Xinjiang. Nanjing had really no options other than to comply.  On September 2nd Lo Wenkan, the foreign minister of Nanjing, came to Urumqi and officially confirmed Sheng into office and then mediated between Sheng and Ma Chongying. To compensate Ma Chongying he was offered the post of Garrison Commander of Eastern Xinjiang which he accepted, thus gaining control over Kumul, Barkul and part of Turfan. After Lo Wenkan departed in early October, suddenly Sheng announced the discovery of a new plot against him. He accused Liu Wenlung of conspiring with Ma Chongying, Chang Peiyuan and Lo Wenkan to overthrow him. Liu Wenlung was forced to resign and was replaced as the provincial chairman by Zhu Juixi. Sheng then prepared a final hammer blow against Ma Chongying. However Ma Chongying had secretly been working with Ma Shuming to deliver a lighting stroke against Urumqi which came in December of 1933. Tungan forces passed Dawan Cheng and began attacking the capital. Likewise in response to the constant accusations, Chang Peiyuan finally threw his support to the Tungans. He led his troops across the Talki Pass into Zungharia and attacked the Provincial forces stationed at Wusu. Meanwhile encouraged by the advance of the Gansu Tungans, the indigenous Tungans of Zungharia rose en masse to Ma Chongyings banner. In late december a detachment of the 36th NRA led by Ma Shuming bypassed Urumqi and attacked Chuguchak. Vasel happened to witness this and described the battle as such “The sun's rays, by this time, were shining obliquely across the street and showed us the Tungan army entering the town ... Stirrup to stirrup, the young regular soldiers in their smart uniforms looked a well-disciplined, trim and efficient force. r recognised one of their officers, Ma Shih-ming, the Commander-in-Chief's adjutant, who had frequently been my guest in Soochow. These regular soldiers rode past on beautiful horses, while huge red flags floated in the breeze above their heads, bearing the character 'Ma' in black letters on a white ground. At a short distance followed a horde that was tolerably well equipped . . . I saw needle-guns, blunderbusses and muzzle-loaders ... In their rear dense clouds of dust, which shut out the light, billowed onward, and then came the infantry. . . men with wild eyes and matted hair. . . outlaws who had nothing to lose and everything to gain from the upheaval that was going on. After the infantry followed a huge horde of camels, with their rhythmical swaying gait, laden with produce and goods of every conceivable type ... the breath came from their mouths like smoke - their necks were craned forward, and their heads kept bobbing up and down.”With the Tungans taking Zunghaira, the Khotan Amirs running amok in the south and Chang Peiyuan joining the fray, Sheng's position at Urumqi was hopeless. While Ma Chongying and Sheng Shihtsai continued their struggle in the north, in the south Muhammad Amin Bughra woo'd Khoja Niyas Hajji to become president of a new secessionist Islamic state. Thus was born the Turkic Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan ie TIRET. While Khoja Niyas Kajji was the quote president, this was simply symbolic, the real leadership remained with the Amirs. Amir Abdulah retained control over Yarkland, Amir Nur Ahmad Jan over Yangi Hissar and Kashgar and Bughra over Khotan. Shari a law was implemented, a national flag with a white star and crescent over a blue ground was made and the new state sought aid and recognition from Britain. But the TIRET would never receive said recognition or aid, for Britain respected Nanjing's government as the sole authority in Xinjiang. TIRET turned next to Turkey, but found no real help. Then they turned to Afghanistan who likewise could not help them. TIRET was doomed from the very beginning. Meanwhile the battles raged between Sheng and Ma Chongying. Sheng knew Nanjing would not assist him so he turned to the USSR. Sheng dispatched diplomats Chen Teli and Yaoxiong to Moscow pleading for assistance. The Soviets were sympathetic and quite concerned with events such as the rise of TIRET and the possibility of Ma Chongying capturing Urumqi as they suspected him and TIRET to have ties to the Japanese. Weary of Germany and Japan, the USSR took up a policy of curbing any influence from either, especially in her Central Asian frontiers. The Soviets sent this warning to Nanjing “'We do not mind if you Chinese develop [Eastern] Turkestan. But if you permit [Eastern] Turkestan to become a second Manchuria, we must act to protect ourselves. '” Thus in late 1933, following pleas for help from Sheng Shihtsai, the Soviets chose to intervene on behalf of Sheng, whom was known to be a loose cannon and unreliable, but atleast was anti-Japanese. The USSR appointed Apresoff as the new consul-general at Urumqi and upon his arrival Sheng conducted a purge. Officers from the Northeast National Salvation army and White Russian volunteers were arrested and shot, including Pappengut. The White Russians units were reorganized under the command of new Soviet officers. Sheng signed a secret deal with the USSR to allow them to build a railway from Sergiopol, through Chuguchak to Urumqi. Sheng also announced 6 new principles going forward (I) anti-imperialism, (2) kinship to Sovietism, (3) racial or national equality, (4) 'clean' government, (5) peace, and (6) reconstruction.  The Soviets were pleased and after receiving approval from Nanjing dispatched two brigades, numbered some 7000 men supported by tanks, artillery and aircraft against the insurgent positions at Kulja and Chuguchak. The Soviets had orders to “clear the roads and liquidate the rebellion”. They rapidly overwhelmed the forces of Chang Peiyuan who committed suicide in shame. The Tungans of Ma Shuming put up a better fight but were dislodged from the Chuguchak area. According to Vasel, the Tungans managed to beat back some attacks during 30 days of battle. In one instance the Tungans foiled a Soviet pincer attack by “crawling through the snow, camouflaged by reversed sheepskins, and storming, from a very short distance, Soviet machine-gun posts whilst wielding the characteristic curved sword of Islam”. The main battle broke out on the frost-bound banks of the Tutun River, 30 miles northwest of Urumqi. According to The Times correspondent Peter Fleming , “the Battle of the Tutun River 'raged for several days; but the Tungans' unskilled ferocity was no match for a mechanised foe, and the troops ... were badly demoralised by gas bombs dropped by the Soviet airmen”.  Both the Soviets and Tungans took heavy casualties, but ultimately the Soviets won, forcing Ma Chongying to retreat from Urumqi to the Dawan Cheng, pursued by a mixed force of Soviets, White Russians and Chinese. The Tungans attempted to make a stand at Dawan Cheng, but according to Vasel “a detachment of Soviet troops supported by armoured cars was attacked by a force of some 500 Tungans. After savage hand-to-hand fighting the Soviet forces were driven back, and their armoured cars were rolled off the mountainside by the victorious Tungans. At this juncture, by a strange twist of fate, the surviving Soviet troops were relieved by a force of White Russian 'volunteers', and Ma Chung-ying was forced to continue his retreat through Toksun to Korla”. Meanwhile in Southern Xinjiang, the Soviets tried to break the TIRET. A Soviet backed force of irregulars known as the “Tortunjis” was set up at Ulug Chat, led by Yusuf Jan. The Soviets also negotiated secretly with Khoja Niyas Hajji who despite being the president of the TIRET had taken all of his forces to Aksu. As a result Khoja Niyas Hajji received Soviet arms in return for turning against his anti-soviet colleagues. Yet despite Soviet support, Khoja Niyas Hajji's Uyghur forces were decisively defeated by 800 Tungans under Ma Chongying. Khoja Niyas Hajji had to abandon his HQ at Aksu fleeing for Kashgar with 1500 men on January 13th of 1934. The Tungans soon besieged Kashgar New City forcing Khoja Niyas Hajji and local forces under Sabit Damullah to withdrew towards Yangi-Hissar, then held by Nur Ahmad Jan. Within 24 hours the Tungan advance guard led by Ma Fuyuan entered Kashgar meeting little resistance. According to British Consulate General Thomson-Glover “'some 800 Tungans and 1,200 conscripts caused nearly 10,000 rebel troops to flee from Kashgar'” To make thing more complicated at this time Ma Shaowu assumed senior military and civil control on behalf of Nanjing and at the request of Ma Chanzeng and Ma Fuyuan. Thus the capital of TIRET was recaptured for Nanjing, but not by their approved forces under Sheng, but of those under Ma Chongying. Following the fall of Kashgar, TIRET moved its administration to Yangi-Hissar. Meanwhile Khoja Niyas Hajji fled to Irkeshtam on the Soviet border and there signed a treaty with the USSR to dissolve the TIRET and relinquished his forces to be used by the Xinjiang provincial authorities against the Tungans and Khotan Amirs. For this he was rewarded Civil Governor for life over Xinjiang with Sheng Shihtsai retaining military governorship. On February 14th, the Khotanlik forces tried but failed to recapture Kashgar. In response for two days the Tungans systematically looted Kashgar old city while they massacred nearly 2000 of its citizenry. Then Ma Chanzeng and Ma Fuyuan advanced to Yangi-Hissar where on March 28th looted its old city and killed everyone they got their hands on. In the face of the Tungan onslaught, Amir Nur Ahmad Jan fled into Yangi Hissar New City and Sabit Damullah fled for Yarkland. Nur Ahmad Jan led a fierce resistance at the New City until April 2nd when Amir Abdullah arrived from Yarkland with several thousand troops. However caught out in the open, Abdullah's men were obliterated by the Tungans and Abdullah was cut down and his severed head was sent to Kashgar to be exhibited outside the Id-gah Mosque. Yangi-Hissar New City continued to resist, “wielding only rifles and conserving their scanty ammunition and rolling back the attackers scaling the walls by means of large stones and tree trunks”. The Tungans took New City on April 12th, putting 500 of its defenders and Nur Ahmad Jan to the sword. Meanwhile the administration of TIRET received word of Khoja Niyas Hajji's deal with the Soviets and refused to dissolve. Thus Khoja Niyas Hajji went to Yarkland to try and convince Amir Muhammad Amin Bughra to dissolve the TIRET. He arrived there in Mid April, only a few days before the Tungas would. Bughra fled towards Khotan as Khoja Niyas Hajji looted Yarkland taking Sabit Damullah prisoner and advanced to Aksu. The Tungans arrived at Yarkland on the 20th and immediately pursued Khoja Niyas Hajji. Khoja Niyas Hajji managed to get to Aksu where he handed over Sabit Damullah who was promptly hung. Meanwhile Ma Chongying arrived at Kashgar with 10,000 men on April 6th where he denounced Sheng Shihtsai as a Soviet Puppet and stressed loyalty to Nanjing to its population. Other Tungan forces captured Sarikol and together marched upon Khotan. Khotan was taken on June 12th without a fight and unlike at Kashgar and Yangi-Hissar, the Tungans did not loot, but instead hunted down Muhammad Amin Bughra who had escaped with 3000 troops towards Keriya. Bughra managed to give them all the slip and fled with several ponies carrying hold to Ladakh in British India where he received permission to travel to Srinagar. Thus ended the TIRET experiment as Ma Chongying claimed he had recaptured southern Xinjiang for Nanjing. Ma Chongying then met with Thomson Glover “that he had come to Kashgar 'to try and save south Sinkiang from Russian influence', and continued to stress his loyalty to Nanjing”.  Meanwhile Ma Chongying set up a defensive line at Maral Bashi and Fayzabad with his brother in law, Ma Hushan in command. During May and June of 1934 Ma Chongying tried to gain sympathy from the British for his cause, but they refused to get involved. In a surprising turn of events, as told to us by Thomson Glover “Ma Chung-ying left Kashgar for Irkeshtam early on 7th July with three or four of his officers. . . and an escort of some 50 Tungans and one or more members of the USSR Consulate or Trade Agency. Arrived near the border to Russia the escort were met by Russian or Russian-employed troops. The Tungan escort dispersed or handed over their arms to some of Khoja Niyas' levies, and Ma Chung-ying disappeared into Russia”. Why the courageous Tungan threw in the towel is a mystery. He had not yet been deceive beaten, he could have taken his Tungan force and held out for 3 years before returning back to Gansu. Regardless the Soviets had offered him sanctuary and he just took it. His fate is a complete mystery, some say he was killed by the Soviets, some say he rotted in a dungeon, that he lived a life of luxury as a Soviet guest, and one claim is that in 1938, when Sheng Shihtsai visited Moscow, Stalin had him executed as a gift. Ma Chongyings command passed to Ma Hushan who set up a HQ at Khotan and carved out a sphere of influence extending from Karghalik to CHarkhlik. The provincial forces did nothing to stop him, and instead signed a truce, ending the wars with the Tungans. Sheng Shihtsai had won, he now held absolute power over Xinjiang, though as we will see much later on, Xinjiang was certainly not done seeing battles. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Thus in the end, after all of these different groups of people formed uprisings, betrayed one another and fought this large game of thrones for Xinjiang, it was Sheng Shihtsai who prevailed above all. Xinjiang was by no means stable and would continue to see chaos well into WW2 however.   

A crash landing leaves Kitai Raige and his father Cypher stranded on Earth, a millennium after events forced humanity's escape. With Cypher injured, Kitai must embark on a perilous journey to signal for help.

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Volvemos con la segunda parte donde repasamos las candidatas a "Canción (Indie) Del Verano". 120 minutos donde escucharemos a... GLAS feat. MADBEL & RAÚL NADAL, NEL RODRÍGUEZ, NEON VAMPIRE, PETERSON, RADIO 75, LES BLONDES, MAREF, FOR SALE, MESTRAL, JORGE ATIENZA, OREIANA vs DAVID VAN BYLEN, AIKO EL GRUPO, ÖPIK, REPION, MARTES MARTES, FORDANZ, CANSANCIO, OSAKA, ESPABILAO DJ, EL VECINO DE LA LUNA, K!NGDOM, VEINTIUNO, LOS FRESONES REBELDES, KITAI feat. MIKY HUIDOBRO, EMBUSTEROS, CARLOS ÁLVAREZ, GANGES, HINDS, DECODE, SIDONIE vs JOE CREPÚSCULO, NOAN & ALEX WALL, SOMOS MAIRENA, BIBLICAL SOCCER, LÜCO... y tendremos en el recuerdo a NEW ORDER... ¿Alguien da más? 87.7 FM en Cantabria y arcofm.com/escuchar para el resto del mundo. Y en todas las redes sociales para que no pierdas detalle de la música más emergente y alternativa.

L'équipe de Club Poker Radio a eu le plaisir de se rendre au Casino de Marrakech pour suivre l'action au cœur du Sismix. Nous avons pu recevoir au micro : Davidi Kitai : le génie, membre du Team pro Winamax. Harper : journaliste poker.  Fabrice Zareba : réalisateur du documentaire La vie du Génie, Az : humoriste, auteur, réalisateur, scénariste et acteur. Club Poker Radio vous est présentée par Winamax, le n°1 du poker en ligne.   Perte d'argent, conflits familiaux, addiction… Les jeux d'argent sont interdits aux moins de 18 ans et peuvent être dangereux. En cas de besoin, contactez le 09 74 75 13 13.

Ah geeze. Ahhhh geeze. Listen. Okay. You didn't see this one. No one did. BUT YA KNOW MAYBE YOU SHOULD HAVE. MAYBE IT'S GREAT. Maybe, if we put aside our bad judgements and leave our cynicism at the door, maybe we found ourselves a little hidden gem here.......... ya know? Maybe? Ah geeze.Set a thousand years after humanity abandoned Earth due to a cataclysmic event, After Earth follows the story of legendary Ranger Cypher Raige (Will Smith) and his eager but inexperienced son Kitai (Jaden Smith). When their spacecraft crashes on the now-dangerous Earth, Cypher is critically injured. Kitai must embark on a perilous journey across the hostile planet to locate a beacon and signal for help, all while learning to trust his instincts and overcome his fears.

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

I am thrilled to announce the release of the ninth episode of 'The Laws of Stan,'                    « Mathematics in Poker » ♣️♦️♥️♠️In this episode, I interview Davidi Kitai, a Belgian professional poker player from Winamax, triple crown winner and the champion of the 2008 World Series of Poker, notably the first Belgian to win a WSOP Bracelet

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Vuelven Kitai a De Música Ligera para celebrar sus 10 años de carrera, editando nuevo tema, El Viaje y anunciando el sold out de su concierto Décimo Aniversario, rodeados de grandes amigos y artistas como Arde Bogota, Pignoise, Sexy Zebras, Gabriel de Shinova y Rafa y David de Hombres G. Repasamos con ellos toda su carrera e intentamos sonsacarles alguna cosilla. Escúchese.

Repasamos con Alex y Edu, sus diez primeros años de carreraVuelven Kitai a De Música Ligera para celebrar sus 10 años de carrera, editando nuevo tema, El Viaje y anunciando el sold out de su concierto Décimo Aniversario, rodeados de grandes amigos y artistas como Arde Bogota, Pignoise, Sexy Zebras, Gabriel de Shinova y Rafa y David de Hombres G. Repasamos con ellos toda su carrera e intentamos sonsacarles alguna cosilla. Escúchese.

VENTURI – La Noria THE VACCINES – If You Wanna BILLY FLAMINGOS - Estanque euforia (David Van Bylen Remix) MISO EXTRA – 2nd Floor REAL ESTATE - Water Underground VILLAGERS & LISA HANNIGAN - The Little Drummer Boy TULSA – Tacones Lejanos TULSA – SANTAMÁRTIR CHRISTINA ROSENVINGE - Poema de la Pasión ELLA EYRE - Head In The Ground BRITTANY HOWARD – Red Flags SILVANA ESTRADA – Si Me Matan KITAI – Viaje VEINTIUNO – La Ruina BLEACHERS – Modern Girl THE JAPANESE HOUSE - Super Trouper COLOURING - For You Escuchar audio

Hoy con Ángeles, Victor, Gloria y Javier, Coque Malla, Nudozurdo, Venturi, Sara Socas, Kitai, Tigre y Diamante, Izaro, ELEM, Bestia Bebé, Living Camboya y Sleaford ModsUna nueva edición de tu ración semanal de novedades de la mejor música posible... Esta semana rozando el eclecticismo pleno; tenemos todos, los estilos, todos los formatos, para tu solace y diversión. Suenan Ángeles, Victor, Gloria y Javier, Coque Malla, Nudozurdo, Venturi, Sara Socas, Kitai, Tigre y Diamante, Izaro, ELEM, Bestia Bebé, Living Camboya y Sleaford Mods. Cartelazo.

Una nueva edición de tu ración semanal de novedades de la mejor música posible... Esta semana rozando el eclecticismo pleno; tenemos todos, los estilos, todos los formatos, para tu solace y diversión. Suenan Ángeles, Victor, Gloria y Javier, Coque Malla, Nudozurdo, Venturi, Sara Socas, Kitai, Tigre y Diamante, Izaro, ELEM, Bestia Bebé, Living Camboya y Sleaford Mods. Cartelazo.

Le premier invité est un champion de Poker, à qui on a posé toutes les questions qu'on avait en tête. Des plus intéressantes aux plus débiles. Abonnez vous à la chaine. Soutenez nous avec Tipeee (lien en comm). Parlez du podcast en général. On compte sur vous ! (oui ils disent ça au téléthon d'habitude oui) 

In this episode, we discuss two topics, when and how to address fringe topics in the fitness space and the growing data in support of long muscle length partials for hypertrophy. In the former discussion, we discuss how science communicators are often in a difficult position when addressing such fringe ideas. When these beliefs are believed by small segments of the population - especially if they are potentially harmful - simply addressing them can potentially give them more legitimacy if not done right. Then we dive into “lengthened partials”, which only a couple of years ago would have been lumped in with the more common short muscle length partials you roll your eyes at in the gym all the time (think half squats). While formerly a fringe idea, the data continues to elucidate that this approach may have merit for hypertrophy. 00:00 Reviewing reviews: addressing the carnivore diet. Iron Culture Ep. 164- A Scientific Examination of the Carnivore Diet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K336B32efS0 40:15 Stretch-mediated hypertrophy and lengthened partials Ep. 189- Stretching & Range of Motion for Strength and Hypertrophy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFrO2UQoIBg Monthly Applications In Strength Sport http://www.strongerbyscience.com/mass/  Warneke 2023 Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029826/ Kassiano 2023 Greater Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy After Partial Range of Motion Training Performed at Long Muscle Lengths https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015016/ Schoenfeld 2020 Effects of range of motion on muscle development during resistance training interventions: A systematic review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32030125/ Maeo 2021 Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009197/ Goto 2019 Partial Range of Motion Exercise Is Effective for Facilitating Muscle Hypertrophy and Function Through Sustained Intramuscular Hypoxia in Young Trained Men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31034463/ Werkhausen 2021 Adaptations to explosive resistance training with partial range of motion are not inferior to full range of motion https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33465838/  Pedrosa 2022 Partial range of motion training elicits favorable improvements in muscular adaptations when carried out at long muscle lengths https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977835/ Wolf 2023 Partial Vs Full Range of Motion Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://journal.iusca.org/index.php/Journal/article/view/182 59:24 Applications of full RoM vs partials 1:16:26 How to standardize RoM in lengthened partials 1:26:58 Applicability to strength Kitai 1989 Specificity of joint angle in isometric training https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2737195/ 1:39:32 Eric's conclusions and closing out

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC ! RMC est une radio généraliste, essentiellement axée sur l'actualité et sur l'interactivité avec les auditeurs, dans un format 100% parlé, inédit en France. La grille des programmes de RMC s'articule autour de rendez-vous phares comme Apolline Matin (6h30-8h30), les Grandes Gueules (9h-12h), Estelle Midi (12h-15h), Super Moscato Show (15h-18h), Rothen s'enflamme (18h-20h), l'After Foot (20h-minuit).

Entrevista con Kitai

Luz Casal regresa después de cinco años con nueva canción: 'Hola, Qué Tal', el adelanto de su próximo disco y un momento inspirado en las más de dos mil llamadas que hizo durante el confinamiento, con una producción y unos arreglos impolutos y con ella cantando mejor que nunca. Aprovechamos la salida de lo nuevo de la jefa para hacer un repaso de las novedades de casa que han llegado en las últimas semanas. LA LA LOVE YOU ft SAMURAÏ – El Principio de Algo FEATHERWEIGHT - No Estás THE GULPS - Mirror Mirror CHICA SOBRESALTO – La Torre LUZ CASAL – Hola, Qúe Tal? SMILE – GatoPerro CORIZONAS – El Diablo Gritó Sí SEXY ZEBRAS – Puñales y Claveles CALA VENTO - Ferrari HAVALINA – Maquinaria SHEGO ft NATALIA LACUNZA - Qué voy a hacer RAYO - Usted estuvo aquí Levitants – Adelante ELYELLA ft GINEBRAS – Bailando Mal KITAI ft HOMBRES G - Cocodrilo NEUMAN - Recovered Files MORREO – Mambo Escuchar audio

Un torrente de canciones de la mejor música posible que te servimos a cubos aquí en tu pódcast de cabecera con Corizonas, Arde Bogota, Kitai con Hombres G y másBuena muestra de la buena salud que goza la escena musical actual es el anchísimo caudal de novedades que fluye todas las semanas. Un torrente de canciones de la mejor música posible que te servimos a cubos aquí en tu pódcast de cabecera. Hoy se bebe lo nuevo de Corizonas, Arde Bogota, Kitai con Hombres G, Cala Vento, La Paloma, Arlo Parks, Boygenius, Tigres Leones, Levitants, Kingdom, Los Valientes y ElyElla con Ginebras. A sorbitos. No te atragantes.

Un torrente de canciones de la mejor música posible que te servimos a cubos aquí en tu pódcast de cabecera con Corizonas, Arde Bogota, Kitai con Hombres G y másBuena muestra de la buena salud que goza la escena musical actual es el anchísimo caudal de novedades que fluye todas las semanas. Un torrente de canciones de la mejor música posible que te servimos a cubos aquí en tu pódcast de cabecera. Hoy se bebe lo nuevo de Corizonas, Arde Bogota, Kitai con Hombres G, Cala Vento, La Paloma, Arlo Parks, Boygenius, Tigres Leones, Levitants, Kingdom, Los Valientes y ElyElla con Ginebras. A sorbitos. No te atragantes.

Estrenamos ‘El Principio de Algo’, nuevo pelotazo de La La Love You junto a Samuraï, una declaración de amor bailable y muy pegadiza que viene con el anuncio del título del disco que publican el 5 de mayo: ‘Blockbuster’. Aparte, escuchamos lo nuevo de The Boo Radleys, Sabrina Bellaouel y Slowthai.   ELYELLA feat. GINEBRAS - Bailando Mal MADONNA – Hung Up THE BOO RADLEYS - Seeker SEXY ZEBRAS - Puñales y Claveles CAROLINA DURANTE – Moreno de Contrabando LOS NIKIS – El Imperio Contraataca DANI - Nubes SABRINA BELLAOUEL - Eclipse SLOWTHAI - Selfish KITAI & HOMBRES G - Cocodrilo LA LA LOVE YOU & SAMURAI - El Principio De Algo CALA VENTO - Ferrari L.A. – Crystal Clear SECOND – Ya No Estamos Para Gilipolleces GRUFF RHYS – Layer Upon Layer RON GALLO - At Least I'm Dancing MÅNESKIN – Mark Champan Escuchar audio

En este podcast adelantamos lo nuevo de ELYELLA junto a Ginebras, la canción definitiva, un fiestón, un rompepistas con toques ochenteros que se llama 'Bailando Mal' y que materializa el amor incondicional que existe entre ambas partes. Compartimos otro estreno con Sexy Zebras y una de sus canciones más enérgicas, directas y románticas, 'Puñales y Claveles', que publican poco antes del concierto que ofrecerán en la sala La Riviera, el 2 de febrero. Y escuchamos 'Ferrari', el nuevo pelotazo de Cala Vento, tercer single de su próximo disco. KITAI & HOMBRES G – Cocodrilo CALA VENTO – Ferrari GRADE 2 - Midnight Ferry CAROLINE ROSE - Miami BIIG PIIG - Kerosene MEET ME @ THE ALTAR - Say It (To My Face) RIVAL SONS - Rapture RON GALLO - At Least I'm Dancing SEXY ZEBRAS - Puñales y Claveles LOS ZIGARROS – A Todo Que Sí FAR FROM SAINTS - Let's Turn This Back Around ELYELLA feat JERO ROMERO – Hola, Qué Tal? ELYELLA feat. Ginebras - Bailando Mal GINEBRAS feat. DANI MARTÍN – Desastre de Persona MÅNESKIN – Baby Said CORIZONAS – El Diablo Gritó Sí Escuchar audio

Kelly Jones, líder de Stereophonics, debuta con Far From Saints, una nueva aventura musical, al margen de su banda, junto a Patty Lynn y Dwight Baker y hoy escuchamos una de sus nuevas canciones, 'Let's Turn This Back Around', épica y evocadora, un cruce de sonidos entre el country, el rock, el folk y la Americana. Escuchamos 'Miami', lo nuevo de Caroline Rose, a Biig Piig con la sensual 'Keroseno' y a Kirtai junto a Hombres G, en 'Cocodrilo', una de las cancioens más importantes de la banda cuya letra habla del padre de Edu, el guitarrista de Kitai, que falleció en pandemia. CORIZONAS – El Diablo Gritó Sí RON GALLO - At Least I'm Dancing DAN MILLSON - Ugly MÅNESKIN – Feel ZOLITA – Ashley KITAI & HOMBRES G – Cocodrilo MEET ME @ THE ALTAR - Say It (To My Face) ALGIERS - I Can’t Stand It ALT J - Hard Drive Gold BIIG PIIG - Kerosene FRUIT BATS - Rushin River Valley SECOND - Muévete y Siente L.A. - Breath & Relax THE GULPS - Mirror Mirror FAR FROM SAINTS - Let's Turn This Back Around CAROLINE ROSE - Miami RAYO – Usted Estuvo Aquí Escuchar audio

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

L.A. – Breath & Relax R.E.M – Orange Crush ALIZZZ – Que Pasa Nen? BLUR – Song 2 OLIVER SIM – Sensitive Child (SOULWAX REMIX) ELYELLA – Medication MUSE - Psycho CALA VENTO – Equilibrio WEEZER - If You Re Wondering If I Want I Want You To KITAI – A Bocajarro BLOC PARTY - Banquet FLORENCE + THE MACHINE (Calvin Harris Remix) Spectrum (Say My Name) GOSSIP – Heavy Cross THE XX – Hold On THE WEEKND – Save Your Tears FLUME - Slugger Escuchar audio

L.A. avanza una de las canciones inéditas de la reedición de 'Heavenly Hell', el disco con el que la industria musical cayó rendida a sus pies. Se trata de la enérgica y optimista 'Breath & Relax ' con una melodía muy alegre y un poco a lo R.E.M. para contarnos que todo puede ir bien, a pesar de lo mal que lo veamos ahora. Estrenamos también 'Autoboicot y Descanso', de Rocío Saíz, una maravilla pop que llega con la colaboración de Tauro para el nuevo disco de Rocío y escuchamos lo nuevo de PinkPantheress y King Tuff. HAVALINA – Deconstrucción ALRDCH – Biteback THE GO! TEAM - Whammy O KING TUFF - Portrait of God THE LINDA LINDAS - Groovy Xmas CALA VENTO – Equilibrio ROCÍO SAIZ ft. TAURO - Autoboicot y Descanso PINKPANTHERESS - Boy's a Liar LOUIS TOMLINSON - Written All Over Your Face L.A. - Hands L.A. – Breath & Relax DAN MILLSON – Ugly KITAI – Medio Limón H.C. MCENTIRE -New View BAIUCA & ALBA RECHE – Diamante MARÍA DE JUAN - Qué Poderío Tendrá NUNATAK - Cierra al salir Escuchar audio

‘No somos tu puta banda de pop' es el cuarto disco de Kitai. Pero también mucho más que eso: una descarnada declaración de intenciones de estos cuatro auténticos obreros del rock en el sentido más monolítico del término. Que no son, efectivamente, 'Los hijos de Lydia Bosch', una aclaración hecha canción para incendiar tu fuego interior. Kitai siempre ha sido un estado mental. Kitai nunca ha pedido permiso. Kitai nunca va a hacer de tripas corazón. La banda mira a su propio interior como banda para encontrar el poder del rock con el que destruir el suelo bajo nuestros pies. En este mundo fútil y fugaz todo caduca en tres minutos, pero KITAI nacieron para perdurar con canciones kamikaze que hablan en primera persona del mundo de la música, de perseguir sueños por carreteras secundarias, de amores indescifrables y relaciones personales. Escuchar audio

Esta semana en Solo Staff, hablamos con Alexander, vocalista de la banda Kitai. También se suma a la charla esta semana su técnico de sonido, Mozu.

Après 5 années de pause, le Winamax Poker Tour revient en force avec une édition record, le staff de CP Radio était au rendez-vous ce dimanche avec au micro : Matthieu Duran : le big boss du poker Live chez Winamax, il organise vos tournois préférés : le WiPT, le WPO... le Sismix ! Melvin : l'assistant manager de Stéphane Matheu, il accompagne le team pro W pour les aider à conserver le A game. Davidi Kitai : team pro Winamax depuis toujours, Davidi est reconnu pour une lecture précise des tells adverses. Il est le numéro 1 belge. Gaëlle Baumann : team pro Winamax, ne ratez pas ce billet où elle rappelle ces meilleurs moments "poker". Guillaume Diaz : team pro Winamax après avoir gagné la top Shark en 2014, Guillaume a été adopté tout en déroulant quelques perfs régulières.   Staff CP Radio Présentation : Comanche et ShiShi Réalisation et montage : Simon Musique : G-Process

Se definen como gamberros porque, entre otras cosas, han llegado a sacar una tarima flotante por encima del público, han batido el record Guinness por tocar 24 horas seguidas y este año se han superado al interpretar en globo aerostático “Todo me da igual”. Con este tema, Kitai comienza su actuación en “Abierto hasta las 2” para presentarnos en primicia su nuevo disco “No somos tu puta banda de pop”. Nos hablan en primera persona del mundo de la música, de perseguir sueño, de amores incomprensibles y relaciones personales.  El nombre de Kitai (significa China en ruso) proviene de una de sus primeras canciones con la que se sienten muy identificados. Alguien que también se siente muy vinculado al grupo es David Gallardo, conocido como Mercadeo Pop y, a su vez, responsable de Cultura en infoLibre, que les considera un oasis en el desierto de la música española. En su perfil sonoro nos demuestra que la banda madrileña toca rock a vida o muerte y que nadie les ha regalado nada como cantan en “Lydia Bosch”. En el videoclip de este tema hacen un homenaje a distintas generaciones musicales, entre ellas, la de Enrique Mariscal o Jimmy Barnatán que participa como su “ferretero favorito” que les augura un buen futuro. El año que viene darán su salto a México, pero antes realizarán una gira ecológica que les tiene muy ilusionados. Recordamos su paso por los festivales nacionales en los que han convivido con artistas de referencia, ahora convertidos en colegas, y que les sorprenden telefónicamente como Carlos Tarque o David Summers con el que sacarán canción en breve. Y cierran el programa interpretando “Hay un sueño” donde nos explican por qué aún se dedican a la música estos obreros del rock. Escuchar audio

“Fear is not real. The only place that fear can exist is in our thoughts of the future. It is a product of our imagination, causing us to fear things that do not at present and may not ever exist. That is near insanity Kitai. Do not misunderstand me, danger is very real, but fear is a choice.” - Will Smith as Cypher Raige in the movie After Earth Welcome back to Men Talking Mindfulness or MTM - thank you for being here with us! Each week we break down and work to demystify an aspect of mindfulness and make it meaningful to you! This Episode we are going to become more mindful of FEAR - we started talking about this a little last week in our episode with William Branum - this week we are going to learn where fear comes from, what you can do to overcome it and how to use it as a guide to your greatness. Announcements (Will) We still have room on our Mindfulness Adventure Retreat in Durango, CO Sept 16-19th included in this retreat is a 4 week post retreat integration program to help you get the most out of the experience allowing you to live more mindfully instead of it just being an idea. Head to www.mentalkingmindfulness/retreat to learn more. 00:00 Facing Your Fears 03:00 Will leads Opening Ground Practice (~2 min) 05:00 Is Fear Good or Bad? How should we deal with it? 09:00 Irrational Fear 12:00 The science of fear BREATHE: Breathe / Rhythmic / Even / Always / Through / Heart / Everyday 15:00 Forms of Fear (failure, imperfection, etc.) 25:00 Audience Fears (imposter syndrome, rejection, success, etc.) 50:00 Overcoming Fear 1:07:00 Jon leads Closing Practice (~3 min) Your Hosts: Will is excited to teach you how to develop self-mastery. From teaching and practicing for the last 19 years, he feels it's a joy to work with long-time practitioners and students that have never tried these practices before or have only dabbled. will@mentalkingmindfulness.com Jon is a Navy veteran turned mindfulness and meditation teacher. Since ending his 24-year military career in June 2020, Jon is now dedicated to spreading the practices of meditation and mindfulness to help others live happier and more fulfilling lives. jon@mentalkingmindfulness.com Intro, outro, and trailer by Rich Harris www.linkedin.com/in/47project/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mentalkingmindfulness/support

Join Bobbin, Josh, Daniel and Dalton as they watch After Earth SYNOPSIS: A crash landing leaves Kitai Raige and his father Cypher stranded on Earth, a millennium after events forced humanity's escape. With Cypher injured, Kitai must embark on a perilous journey to signal for help.

CTM Review of After Earth with the Ladies.From IMDb: A crash landing leaves Kitai Raige and his father Cypher stranded on Earth, a millennium after events forced humanity's escape. With Cypher injured, Kitai must embark on a perilous journey to signal for help.