Podcasts about Plant pathology

In this episode, Dr. Michael Boehm, Professor of Plant Pathology, Vice President for Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Harlan Vice Chancellor for the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska joins host Matt Kasson to discuss his 2025 APS Fellow Award, his decades long career as an academic leader at both The Ohio State University and The University of Nebraska, and his diverse and meaningful experiences serving in the U.S. military. He discusses the challenges that academia faces along with the opportunities for change. Dr. Boehm also discusses the importance of extension and outreach and service to our profession. Show Notes Dr. Michael Boehm's University of Nebraska academic profile: https://nebraska.edu/meet-our-people/chancellors-and-vice-presidents/mike-boehm Dr. Michael Boehm's Google Scholar profile: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m5NYCM8AAAAJ&hl=en Dr. Boehm's Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet for 'Plants get sick too!': https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-gen-1 This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Michael Boehm.

While it is early in the season, Badger Crop Doc Damon Smith says there's a particular disease growers should already be getting ready to monitor. White mold is problematic in Wisconsin. Smith, a professor and Extension specialist with the Department of Plant Pathology at UW-Madison, says growers are probably familiar with Sporecaster, a smartphone app that helps farmers decide how to mitigate white mold. He says Sporecaster is phasing out because there's a new, more well-rounded and accessible tool for growers called Ag Forecasting. Ag Forecasting -- Agriculture Forecasting Advisory System -- is going to be a soybean grower's go-to for all things white mold monitoring. It is a tool that runs on "the cloud" that you can access with any browser and run any corn or soybean tool that Extension offers. Bookmark the platform on your browser by visiting https://badgercropdoc.com/. Smith says more details will follow in the coming weeks. Pictured: White, fluffy growth and sclerotia on soybean stem characteristic of white mold. Photo by D. MuellerSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Almond Doctor: https://www.thealmonddoctor.com/David's Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheAlmondDoctorFoA 249: A Global Perspective on Tree Nuts with The Almond DoctorDavid Doll was raised in a rural area growing apples and peaches. After attending Purdue University for his B.S. in Plant Biology, he attended graduate school at UC Davis, completing his M.S. in Plant Pathology. Shortly after completion, he started to work as a Farm Advisor the University of California.After ten years of working as a Farm Advisor, David moved to Portugal in November 2018 to work as the lead developer for Rota Unica Almonds. His task is to develop California styled almond plantations within Alentejo. Through this process, he has become familiar with some of the various challenges associated with growing almonds in Portugal and Europe.Prior to his move, David worked with farmers in the Central Valley of California in troubleshooting problems and conducting on farm research within almonds, walnuts and pistachios. In this position, he would visit nearly 200 operations and deliver 35 presentations annually. He has published over 35 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles. Currently, he works with almond operations across the world, including California, Africa, and Australia. Many of his observations and lessons learned have been shared within his online platform, “The Almond Doctor,” where he shares research, experiences and opinions of better farm management practices for almond orchards.

In this episode, Dr. Karen Garrett, Preeminent Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Florida and current APS President joins host Matt Kasson to discuss her research journey and diverse research program on tropical and international agriculture, microbiomes, epidemiology and disease ecology among others. She discusses the various ways APS is supporting and advocating for its members during a time of uncertainty and rapid policy change. She also highlights some of the exciting workshops and speakers for Plant Health 2025. Show Notes Dr. Karen Garrett's University of Florida Faculty Profile: https://plantpath.ifas.ufl.edu/people/faculty-pages/karen-garrett/ Dr. Karen Garrett's Lab Webpage: https://www.garrettlab.com/ Dr. Karen Garrett's Google Scholar profile: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8dMWriAAAAAJ&hl=en APS Member Support and Resources​: https://www.apsnet.org/members/engagement/Pages/Support-resources.aspx Aps Plant Health 2025 Webpage: https://www.apsnet.org/meetings/annual/PH2025/Pages/default.aspx This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Karen Garrett.

In this episode, Dr. Kranthi Mandadi, Professor of Plant Pathology and Microbiology at Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Weslaco, Texas, joins host Matt Kasson to discuss his basic and translational research of fastidious (unculturable) plant pathogens including the causal agents of citrus greening disease (HLB) and zebra chip disease. He talks about his lab's innovative approaches to combatting plant diseases throughout the southern U.S. and his Texas-sized ambitions to develop solutions through public-private partnerships with industry. He also discusses the challenges of working with obligate unculturable plant pathogens and the need to balance basic science pursuits with high-risk / high-reward research. Show Notes Texas A & M University Plant Pathology and Microbiology Faculty Profile: https://plantpathology.tamu.edu/people/mandadi-kranthi/ Mandadi Lab webpage: https://agrilife.org/mandadilab/group/ 2024 APS Syngenta Award Profile​: https://www.apsnet.org/members/give-awards/awards/Syngenta/Pages/2024-Syngenta_Mandadi.aspx Farm Progress article on Dr. Mandadi: https://www.farmprogress.com/fruit/scientists-shift-from-defense-to-offense-to-fight-citrus-greening Dr. Kranthi Mandadi's Google Scholar profile: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rWVhJ94AAAAJ&hl=en ‪ This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Kranthi Mandadi.

In this episode of The Crop Science Podcast Show, Dr. Steven Lommel from North Carolina State University explores the evolving intersection of data science, plant breeding, and agronomy. From using big data to improving plant traits for sustainability and exploring the concept of food as medicine, Dr. Lommel discusses groundbreaking ideas shaping the future of agriculture. He also stresses the importance of collaboration across disciplines to accelerate progress in agricultural technology. Don't miss this discussion—tune in now!"We're at a point where interdisciplinary frameworks could cut breeding cycles to 3 or 4 years, juggling 10, 15, or even 40 traits."Meet the guest: Dr. Steven Lommel is the Director of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and a William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor at North Carolina State University. He also serves as Associate Dean of the College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. He has been instrumental in developing the Plant Sciences Initiative, a multidisciplinary enterprise that partners with government agencies and the private sector. Dr. Lommel has published over 100 peer-reviewed works. He holds a Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Berkeley.What you will learn:(00:00) Highlight(00:42) Introduction(05:22) Advancements in plant breeding(07:29) Data science in agriculture(10:15) Role of microbiomes(13:12) Machine learning(20:27) Crop breeding innovations(27:21) Final three questionsThe Crop Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:- CNH Reman- KWS

Aubrey speaks to Prof. Lise Korsten, Co-Director of the Department of Science and Innovation's Centre of Excellence in Food Security and a Professor in Plant Pathology at the University of Pretoria, about the different types of grass and their role in Ecology, Economy, and Society.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of Two Bees in a Podcast, released on October 29, 2024, Dr. Jamie Ellis and Amy Vu welcome Dr. Geoff Williams—an Associate Professor at the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology at Auburn University—to talk about a hot global topic in the honey bee world: Tropilaelaps. This episode concludes with a Q&A segment. Check out our website: www.ufhoneybee.com, for additional resources from today's episode. 

Bonus: Co-director Linley Dixon was the final speaker at "Real Organic: A World Movement" held in the Round Barn at Abby Rockefeller's Churchtown Dairy outside of Hudson, NY on Sept 28, 2024, where she focused on the people who make this movement so meaningful: https://realorganicproject.org/events/churchtown/Dr. Linley Dixon is the co-director of the Real Organic Project and the owner-operator of Adobe House Farm in Durango, Colorado. She has a Master's Degree in Plant and Soil Science, specializing in Organic Agriculture,  and also earned a PhD in Plant Pathology from the University of West Virginia, specializing in tomato diseases. Linley has worked as a scientist for both The Cornucopia Institute and at the USDA.https://www.adobehousefarm.com/To watch a video version of this podcast please visit:https://realorganicproject.org/linley-dixon-churchtown-2024-farmer-uprisingThe Real Organic Podcast is hosted by Dave Chapman and Linley Dixon, engineered by Brandon StCyr, and edited and produced by Jenny Prince.The Real Organic Project is a farmer-led movement working towards certifying 1,000 farms across the United States this year. Our add-on food label distinguishes soil-grown fruits and vegetables from hydroponically-raised produce, and pasture-raised meat, milk, and eggs from products harvested from animals in horrific confinement (CAFOs - confined animal feeding operations).To find a Real Organic farm near you, please visit:https://www.realorganicproject.org/farmsWe believe that the organic standards, with their focus on soil health, biodiversity, and animal welfare were written as they should be, but that the current lack of enforcement of those standards is jeopardizing the ability for small farms who adhere to the law to stay in business. The lack of enforcement is also jeopardizing the overall health of the customers who support the organic movement; customers who are not getting what they pay for at market but still paying a premium price. And the lack of enforcement is jeopardizing the very cycles (water, air, nutrients) that Earth relies upon to provide us all with a place to live, by pushing extractive, chemical agriculture to the forefront.If you like what you hear and are feeling inspired, we would love for you to join our movement by becoming one of our 1,000  Real Fans!https://www.realorganicproject.org/1000-real-fans/To read our weekly newsletter (which might just be the most forwarded newsletter on the internet!) and get firsthand news about what's happening with organic food, farming and policy, please subscribe here:https://www.realorganicproject.org/email/

The Soil Matters with Dr. James White Season 2, Episode 40   Today's Guest: Dr. James White - Department of Plant Biology   James F. White is Professor of Plant Biology at Rutgers University in New Jersey where he and students conduct research on ecology of microbes that inhabit plants (endophytes). James White obtained the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Botany and Plant Pathology from Auburn University in Alabama, and the Ph.D. in Botany/Mycology from the University of Texas at Austin. James White is the author of more than 300 articles and book chapters, and author and editor of seven books on the biology of plant microbes, including Biotechnology of Acremonium Endophytes of Grasses (1994), Microbial Endophytes (2000), The Clavicipitalean Fungi (2004), The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem (2005, 2017), Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis (2009), and Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology (2019) and Microbial Inoculants and Other Microbiome Stimulants for Crops: Mechanisms and Applications (2021; Elsevier, In press). James White is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and Associate Editor for journals Symbiosis, Fungal Ecology, MycoScience, Biology and Scientific Reports, and serves as Chief Editor for the Plant-Microbe Interactions Section of the MDPI journal Microorganisms. James White received the Alexopoulos Research Prize in 1996 (Mycological Society of America), the Distinguished Research Award in 1994 (Auburn University Montgomery), and the Research Excellence Award in 1998 (Rutgers University). James White has presented extensively at international industry and academic conferences focused on regenerative agriculture, plant biostimulants and crop microbiomes.   Your Host:   Leighton Morrison https://www.instagram.com/kingdomaqua... https://www.kingdomaquaponicsllc.com/   Executive Producer Ken Somerville https://www.instagram.com/kensomerville/ https://www.itsallaboutthebiology.ca Contact email itsallaboutthebiology@gmail.com Reach out to Ken for a quick 15 min call: https://calendly.com/kensomerville/connections   Help to support the mission: patreon.com/user?u=104510089   Discount codes available at: https://www.itsallaboutthebiology.ca/discountcodes   #flowers,#plants,#nature,#gardening,#garden,#growing,#koreannaturalfarming,#naturalfarming,#jadam,#naturalfertilizer,#naturalfarminginputs,#permaculture,#regenerative,#foodforest,#biodynamic,#bioactive,#organic,#notill,#knf,#organicgardening,#urbangardening,#containergardening,#homegardening,   Music by The Invisible Gardener (Andy Lopez) https://soundcloud.com/invisiblegardener For Full: Disclaimer

In this episode of Two Bees in a Podcast, released on October 22, 2024, Dr. Jamie Ellis and Amy Vu welcome Jennifer Standley—who finished her master's degree here at the UF Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, and is now completing her PhD with Dr. Geoff Williams at his laboratory in the department of Entomology and Plant Pathology at Auburn University—to talk about a research project that she did here at UF with Jamie titled, “Does consuming irradiated royal jelly affect Apis mellifera larvae development and survival to adulthood in vitro?”. This episode concludes with a Q&A segment. Check out our website: www.ufhoneybee.com, for additional resources from today's episode. 

This week, FarmBits hosts Rana Farrasati and Katie Bathke welcome Talon Mues from University of Nebraska – Lincoln's Plant Pathology Department to talk about chemigation technology for plant pathogen studies in irrigated corn production. Talon is a research technician and graduate student with a passion for leveraging research within disease management based on growers experiences. His work with grower's across the state of Nebraska helping address questions in disease onset, application, and management. We also dive into Nebraska's work of pathogen genetic diversity in the Great Plains. Tune in to this exciting episode to learn more about the several applications of technology within agricultural pest management. Contact Information: E-mail: tmues3@unl.edu Twitter: @Talon_Mues FarmBits Contact Information: E-Mail: farmbits@unl.edu Twitter: https://twitter.com/UNLFarmBits Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UNLFarmBits Rana's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rana-farrasati-945aa5141/ Katie's LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/in/katie-bathke-a15082246/ Opinions expressed by the hosts and guests on this podcast are solely their own, and do not reflect the views of Nebraska Extension or the University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

Send us a textHaley Schwantz From Fayetteville, AR. University of Arkansas BS Crop Science and University of Wisconsin MS in Plant Pathology. Currently based out of Oregon county with University of Missouri Extension as Agronomy Specialist but still living in Arkansas close to the state line. Abby WardMy name is Abbey Ward, I'm the Private Land Conservationist for Oregon and Shannon Counties with the Missouri Department of Conservation. I'm originally from High Ridge, MO in Jefferson County, MO. I graduated with a Bachelors In ecological sciences from Southeast Missouri State University and have over 6 years of experience working with wildlife conservation.To follow American Roots Outdoors Podcast:https://www.facebook.com/groups/448812356525413To learn more about American Roots Outdoors:https://americanrootsoutdoors.com/https://www.facebook.com/AmericanRootsOutdoors/To follow Alex Rutledge:https://www.facebook.com/americanrootsalex/To follow Wayne Lach:https://www.facebook.com/wayne.lach.5To follow Mike Crase:https://www.facebook.com/mike.crase

Hello there!In this episode of The Crop Science Podcast Show, Dr. Anthony Young from the University of Queensland discusses critical aspects of crop protection, focusing on managing plant health and combating ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in sugarcane. The conversation explores the latest research, practical challenges, and the economic, environmental, and social implications of effective disease management. Listen now on all major platforms!"Ratoon stunting disease affects nearly 40% of fields in Australia, much more than previously recognized."Meet the guests: Dr. Anthony Young is a Senior Lecturer in Crop Protection at the University of Queensland, with extensive experience in plant pathology, agronomy, and molecular biology. With a Ph.D. in Molecular Bacteriology and Plant Pathology from Macquarie University, he has contributed significantly to the agricultural sector through innovative research and practical management solutions. Dr. Young has held key positions, including Senior Research Fellow at the University of Southern Queensland and Extension Officer at Sunshine Sugar.What you will learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:23) Introduction(02:26) Career in plant pathology(04:14) Current research focus(06:23) Australian cane production(14:38) Impact of ratoon stunting disease(24:07) Managing infected crops(28:41) Final three questionsThe Crop Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:- CNH Reman- KWSAre you ready to unleash the podcasting potential of your company?

In this episode, Dr. Jonathan Jacobs, associate professor in the Department of Plant Pathology at The Ohio State University, joins host Matt Kasson to share how his global experiences have influenced his career in plant pathology. Drawing from his postdoctoral research in France, Belgium, and Colorado, Dr. Jacobs discusses his work on bacterial blight and leaf spot pathogens, along with his current role as a Fulbright scholar in Uruguay. He emphasizes the value of international collaboration, mentorship, and outreach, while also exploring the challenges of climate resilience in crops and the necessity of interdisciplinary solutions. Show notes Plantopia is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Jonathan Jacobs.

Ear Rots and Mycotoxins, BT Traits, and Viptera - Science and research at the University of Tennessee help us understand what to look out for and how to manage our corn crop!   Here are the links to the research - https://news.utcrops.com/2024/09/hot-topic-ear-rots-and-mycotoxin-management-in-corn/   Dr. Brown is an extension-research entomologist with the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology in Jackson, TN. Sebe has statewide responsibilities for arthropod pest management in major field crops including corn, cotton, soybean, sorghum and wheat. His educational and applied research programs focus on the most important pests affecting these crops. Dr. Kelly serves as extension-research plant pathologist at The University of Tennessee in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology in Jackson, TN. The majority of her time is concentrated on the control of diseases in cotton, corn, soybean, and wheat. She is responsible for all disease control recommendations of field crops except tobacco for Tennessee. This includes the development of statewide educational programs covering cotton, corn, soybean, and small grains. More information can be found on  

Hello there!In this episode of The Crop Science Podcast Show, Dr. Damon Smith, a professor and extension specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shares his expertise on disease management in field crops. Dr. Smith discusses approaches to disease forecasting systems, the challenges posed by diseases like Tar Spot in corn and white mold in soybeans, and strategies for managing mycotoxins in silage. Join us for practical tips that can boost crop management!"Tar Spot is an aggressive disease that can lead to significant yield losses, especially in silage hybrids, where it complicates harvest."Meet the guest: Dr. Damon Smith is a professor and extension specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, specializing in field crop pathology. With a Ph.D. and M.S. in Plant Pathology from North Carolina State University and a B.S. in Biology from SUNY Geneseo, Dr. Smith's research focuses on disease forecasting and management in crops like corn, soybeans, and wheat. What you will learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:39) Introduction(03:37) Dr. Smith's background(04:21) Disease forecasting systems(05:46) Tar Spot challenges(11:19) Diseases control strategies(18:04) White mold in soybeans(27:45) Final three questionsThe Crop Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:- KWS- CNH RemanAre you ready to unleash the podcasting potential of your company?

Should we be genetically modifying fruit to survive rising temperatures ? Guest: Awais Khan, Professor of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology at Cornell University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Seg 1: Should we be genetically modifying fruit to survive rising temperatures ? Guest: Awais Khan, Professor of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology at Cornell University. Seg 2: View From Victoria: We get a local look at the top political stories with the help of Vancouver Sun columnist Vaughn Palmer. Seg 3: What makes the moon a blue supermoon? Guest: Paul Delaney, Director of the York University Observatory Seg 4: Celebrating ‘World Mosquito Day'...but why? Guest: Gabriel Sylvestre, Operations Leader at World Mosquito Program - Brazil Seg 5: The why and how BC quietly pushed up the cost of milk. Guest: Andrew Macleod, Legislative Bureau Chief, The Tyee Seg 6: What is the impact of heat and wildfire smoke on Okanagan apples? Guest: Tom Davison, Owner, Davison Orchards in Vernon Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Gerald Holmes, director of the CalPoly Strawberry Center knows how to cultivate the most delicious strawberries. Everything from varieties to grow, to how to grow them, and even to dealing with pests and diseases – this is the Strawberry Center's focus. Listen as he and Kevin Espiritu discuss all of these topics and more. Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3LNyR0qBotanical Interests Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3WN2p4BBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/3SvnRssEG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/3WNit6rLearn More: 11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

Gerald got started in the farming world through gardening with his dad. He developed an interest in horticulture in high school, and wanted to know more about agricultural practices around the world. Through Plant Pathology, he made his way to the Strawberry Center, which is celebrating its 10th year this summer. Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/4d78fnoBotanical Interests Shop Homepage:  https://growepic.co/46yviopBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/3WtYzfAEG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/3YtWRNZLearn More: 11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

Strawberries are supple fruits that can contract a host of diseases and pests. In this episode, Kevin and Dr. Gerald Holmes discuss the most common ones. From spider mites to Lygus bugs, and botrytis, they cover the best ways to keep these out of your strawberries.Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3ykKitFBotanical Interests Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3Sy6RlxBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/3ykKvwXEG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/4fFno0WLearn More: 11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

There are thousands of varieties of strawberries that have been developed for use in commercial farming. In stores, they aren't labeled, so you don't know if you're eating short day or day neutral berries. For home growers, knowing where you live is the basis of selecting the best varieties to grow. Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3WwVg7bBotanical Interests Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/4dcyBnVBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/3YtHpB9EG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/4dsTFWZ Learn More:  11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

The garden strawberry came from cultivated wild strawberries. This occurred in regions all over the world, with strawberries specific to certain areas. Through cross pollination, people develop the delicious hybrids we love today. Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3yrUnoDBotanical Interests Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/46sY7TnBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/3SA1tOyEG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/3SAZ2eFLearn More: 11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

Good combinations of sweet and acidity is what makes strawberry flavor for Dr. Gerald Holmes, Director of the CalPoly Strawberry Center. While varieties have traits that promote good flavor, proper cultivation and climate alters flavors in myriad ways. Epic Gardening Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3YvLyVwBotanical Interests Shop Homepage: https://growepic.co/3LPSCEFBook Collection Page: https://growepic.co/4ca784TEG Homesteading Book: https://growepic.co/3YxVgXhLearn More: 11 Strawberry-Growing Mistakes to Avoid This YearConnect With Gerald Holmes:Gerald Holmes is the founding Director of the Strawberry Center at Cal Poly State University in San Luis Obispo. Gerald got his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from UC Riverside in 1994 then worked as a Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor in Imperial County for three years.  For the next 12 years he was an Extension Vegetable Pathologist and Associate Professor at NC State University then worked six years as Product Development Manager for Valent USA Corporation before becoming Director of the Strawberry Center in 2014.InstagramFacebookWebsiteShop the StoreAs an exclusive for listeners, use code THEBEET for 5% off your entire order on our store, featuring our flagship Birdies Raised Beds. These are the original metal raised beds, lasting up to 5-10x longer than wooden beds, are ethically made in Australia, and have a customizable modular design.Get Our BooksLooking for a beginner's guide to growing food in small spaces? Kevin's book, Field Guide to Urban Gardening, explains the core, essential information that you'll need to grow plants, no matter where you live!He also wrote Grow Bag Gardening to provide you with specialized knowledge that can bring you success when growing in fabric pots.Preorder Kevin's newest book Epic Homesteading if you are looking to turn your home into a thriving homestead! Order signed copies of Kevin's books, plus more of his favorite titles in our store.More ResourcesLooking for more information? Follow us:Our BlogYouTube (Including The Beet Podcast,  Epic Homesteading and Jacques in the Garden and Botanical Interest )Instagram (Including Epic Homesteading, Jacques)PinterestTikTokFacebookFacebook GroupDiscord Server

How do our crop production systems work in tandem with plant pathology to form the best farming techniques? By focusing on disease control and sustainable farming techniques, better production techniques can be developed. Press play to learn: Why crop rotation is vital in sustainable farming How non-tillage techniques can benefit soil nutrients What the future of farming may look like Don M. Huber, a Professor Emeritus at Purdue University, shares his life of work and research on plant pathology and crop production techniques. Farming at every level requires an understanding of techniques that allows food production to work in concert with nature to optimize the processes. buy flexeril online buy flexeril over the counter online pharmacyWhile not all techniques are sustainable, crop rotation is one of the most prevalent and significantly beneficial techniques available to producers. buy udenafil online buy udenafil over the counter online pharmacy Recognizing the dynamic between all aspects of production is vital since everything from pathogens to nutrition can drastically alter the efficacy of farming. buy fildena online buy fildena over the counter online pharmacyNamely, the nutrition in the soil and available for future years is critical and can ensure a successful future. To learn more, a great resource is a best-selling book: Mineral Nutrition and Plant Disease. Take advantage of a 5% discount on Ekster accessories by using the code FINDINGGENIUS. Enhance your style and functionality with premium accessories. Visit bit.ly/3uiVX9R to explore latest collection Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/30PvU9C

 In this episode of the Indiana Pioneer Agronomy Podcast, hosts Carl Joern, Ben Jacob and Brian Shrader welcome Dr. Damon Smith, Ph.D. Plant Pathology, and Professor at the University Wisconsin, Madison, to talk about forecasting and managing white mold in soybeans and tar spot in corn. Dr. Smith also talks about his experience in Machine Learning, Deep Modelling and the role of artificial intelligence in agriculture.

Diatomaceous Earth, Japanese beetles in cherry trees, and plant diseases with UGA's Jean Woodward

LEXINGTON, Ky. (June 27, 2024) – In February of this year, we published an episode of Behind the Blue that previewed the UK College of Pharmacy's ‘Everything is Science' event. ‘Everything is Science' is a speaker-series festival that unfolds across various venues throughout Lexington. The idea behind it is to take a large and intimidating topic and make it relatable and accessible in a fun and interactive way. One of the goals of the series is to help people feel more connected to the world they live in. The theme of this year's ‘Everything is Science' festival was ‘Make it Make Sense!', where attendees would embark on a sensory journey, with the focus on the five remarkable human senses: touch, vision, taste, hearing, and smell.  On this episode of ‘Behind the Blue', we're featuring one of the presentations from this year's festival. Lou Hirsch, Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology in the Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment gave a talk entitled “Fungal Feasts: Fungi are all around us — and tasty!”.   This presentation has been slightly edited for time and clarity.  "Behind the Blue" is available on iTunes, Google Play, and Spotify. Become a subscriber to receive new episodes of “Behind the Blue” each week. UK's latest medical breakthroughs, research, artists and writers will be featured, along with the most important news impacting the university.  Transcripts for this or other episodes of Behind the Blue can be downloaded from the show's blog page. To discover what's wildly possible at the University of Kentucky, click here.

The goal of the NASA Acres Consortium is to bridge the gap between space and farms to create sustainable food systems now and in the future. Yu Jiang, Assistant Professor of Systems Engineering and Data Analytics, School of Integrative Plant Science Horticulture Section Cornell AgriTech explains how this group of researchers is using land-based robots to ground truth data from satellites and aerial imaging to create predictive models. The project aims to bring cost effective solutions for disease management, breeding, pruning, and more to farmers of all sizes.  Resources:         117: Grapevine Mildew Control with UV Light 129: The Efficient Vineyard Project 191: CropManage: Improving the Precision of Water and Fertilizer Inputs 199: NASA Satellites Detect Grapevine Diseases from Space Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping: A Review Deep Semantic Segmentation for the Quantification of Grape Foliar Diseases in the Vineyard Deep Learning-based Autonomous Downy Mildew Detection and Severity Estimations in Vineyards NASA Acres - applying satellite data solutions to the most pressing challenges facing U.S. agriculture Yu Jiang Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Sustainable Winegrowing On-Demand (Western SARE) – Learn at your own pace Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript Craig Macmillan  0:00  Our guest today is Yu Jiang. He is an assistant professor of systems engineering and data analytics in the School of integrative plant science horticulture section at Cornell agritech. Thank you for being on the podcast   Yu Jiang  0:12  Thanks Craig for having me for these podcasts.   Craig Macmillan  0:15  I found out about you, because you're connected to the NASA acres Consortium, which is doing a bunch of really cool stuff for all kinds of crops around the world and winegrapes turning out to be part of it. What is what is NASA acres,   Yu Jiang  0:28  So I got to adopt the some of the official description about a NASA acre so our audience can better understand what's our mission and what's our approach. So NASA acres consortium is commissioned under NASA Applied Sciences program, and brings the value of Earth observation technology down to earth. NASA acres consortium established the march 2023 And then led by Dr. Alissa Witcraft from the University of Maryland. NASA acres is NASA's second consortium devoted to strengthening food security and agriculture, followed by the success of NASA harvest, a global focus a consortium but this time, NASA Acers specifically emphasizes on the US own agriculture land in NASA acres, we bridge the gap from space to farm and adaptation to impact to gather with US farmers, ranchers, and other agri food system decision makers who are charged with addressing the most pressing challenges to sustainable, productive, resilient agriculture now and in the future. to ensure our missions, NASA acres utilize a consortium structure to bring together a geographically, semantically and personally diverse group of agriculture actors, and partners from both public and private sectors collaborated within a model that matches ivory cultures own highly dynamic and diverse needs, and flexible partnerships and rapid actions on tools in NASA acres that will help ensure that a satellite based Earth Observations applications are user driven and free for all the preppers we envision .   Craig Macmillan  2:25  a huge mission. There's a bunch of different technologies that are involved here. And you're involved in a bunch of them. One that I'm particularly curious about was we had a guest on the podcast from Cornell Katie Gold, she was working with hyperspectral imaging and the detection of plant stress, but as a plant disease. And that's the that's the sky. Right? That's the information coming from satellites or whatever. You are the boots on the ground person. Is that right?   Yu Jiang  2:49  Yes, correct. I'm on the ground, I'm doing the groundwork.   Craig Macmillan  2:53  All right, we're literally grounding. So as far as that project goes, I understand that you're using robots and with sensors and artificial intelligence and whatnot to detect and predict disease spread. You tell me more about that.   Yu Jiang  3:09  For my account of a personal program, and the involvement of with NASA acres, you know, project, we bring in new, especially ground robots, we use various internet of of things, sensing network technologies, that we can offer the information as the ground truth matterments that many of these you know satellite or Earth observation data streams can use to try and various models for prediction, or estimation of various things of interest. And disease is definitely one of the biggest things for the ineyard management's currently adding in the future.   Craig Macmillan  3:50  Absolutely. If I understand what this work is on the ground as its ground truthing what the hyperspectral imaging is telling us is that right?   Yu Jiang  4:00  Roughly yes, if you can see there, all the current paradigm of doing remote sensing work. Most of the time, people are really focusing on the modeling, or how we can find the best and model to link or connect the hyperspectral signals collect data from, you know, satellite based or airborne based imagery systems, we use the ground truth data collected by a human on the ground. And these have been proven very successful in the past to produce various models that we are using right now including weather forecast, but with the very rapid and unprecedented climate challenges, and also the induced disease pressures. We are kind of lagging behind with the speed or pace we need to develop new models to tackle these problems. And that's a reason we want the robot to do so so that we can catch up with the disease. This can Have a fashion or progression speed, but also offer new tools for our viewers to use for their management decision making.   Craig Macmillan  5:08  So tell me about the robots, what are the robots doing?   Yu Jiang  5:12  So we developed a customized robot called the phytopathobot short for PPP. So basically phytopathology there's, my colleague, Katie Gold right is a scientist, that who really work on plant disease, and the bot is just the short name for the robots. And we put these two together, and basically just shows we integrated the kind of advantages offered robotic or automation systems with the new AI capability. So this robots can really bring the human experience and intelligence to all the fields that can do for example, if you see scouting recommendation, or some other, you know, checking functions that otherwise currently we have no human resources to do so for every single farm at the present time.   Craig Macmillan  6:06  Right? Is it fair to say that the training part would be described as artificial intelligence? Or should we call it neural network hearing? Or what would be the appropriate technical term for that part of it? Because I have a question about that.   Yu Jiang  6:17  Yeah, I think, broadly speaking, is a part of the artificial intelligence.   Craig Macmillan  6:23  Okay.   Yu Jiang  6:23  And that is more off the AI application for agriculture.   Craig Macmillan  6:28  What's happening is there's cameras then or there's some kind of a, either hyperspectral, or there's something that's getting information that's mounted on the robot, right?   Yu Jiang  6:40  Yes, correct. Our robot is currently equipped in ways both RGB multispectral thermal and the hyperspectral sensors, which many more on the road.   Craig Macmillan  6:52  And then you get readings. And then you know, human, I would assume says yes, this is disease, or yes, this is not. And then over many, many iterations, then the artificial intelligence learns what that is. And then it can be autonomous, you can send it out and it'll find it on its own, identify it on its own.   Yu Jiang  7:14  Yes, so I would see the autonomy is achieved at two levels. First is all the AI system for disease identification and quantification. We have a twin various models, with the expertise from our like, it's 30 plus year career technicians. And now we just a brand Hey, spray into the AI system that we can rely on to detect the disease in the field, specifically for a grape downey and powdery mildews at the moment. But at the same time, we also train the AI systems to guide the robots, autonomously navigating in the vineyard. is much more like the similar technology Tesla or other you know, EV car manufacturers are using for autonomous driving, but now just say, equipped those technologies with this ag robot that can do with autonomous navigation in vanguard in alternative in many of the different fields for agriculture purposes.   Craig Macmillan  8:14  the future of this technology, or the robots gonna continue to be a part of it, or are we going to be at a point where we're relying solely upon the aerial or orbit based imagery?   Yu Jiang  8:26  That's a great question. And I actually want to set up some of the context. information for our audience,   Craig Macmillan  8:33  please.   Yu Jiang  8:33  So yeah, the robots we kind of referred to here, actually those intelligent, you know, agent that can perform certain tasks in your backyard, or do the actual right to do all these operations, like a spring harvesting, you know, picking samples, all these, then when we consider how are we going to strategically and effectively deploy those robots? That's a big question is not a trivial because each robot at the current, you know, time would cost roughly 50,000 to $60,000. I think for many of the large farms, or wineries, the company will be able to afford that. For many of the small to medium sized farms, these can be a barrier for them to adopt the latest digital technology, which I hate, you know, that part as technologist. So one of the possibility is actually linked to the NASA acres project and the mission is a how we can use all sorts of information that can be affordably available to the growers to really use that for decision making. And a while of the concept we propose here is to make a closed loop joint training system that can connect the proximal sensing from the robots and other drone systems, we use the Earth observation data offered by federal agencies such as NASA, so that later all the growers can really enjoy, you know, using a very low cost or affordable platform offered from NASA or NASA acres consortia to make decisions on their individual farms. But largely training, the costs of a training such a model is taking over by large growers, largely, you know, stakeholders and some sort of a, you know, public and research institute that can balance the way or how the disadvantages you know, community can't adopt the latest technology.   Craig Macmillan  10:44  That is fascinating. You mentioned tasks, what kind of tasks are you talking about?   Yu Jiang  10:49  The current account of the PPP robots can do two tasks. First thing is for disease recognition, and the qualification, as I mentioned, for downey, and powerdy, and then now PPP can also generate a map right after the scanning off your vineyard, where those disease really severely infected your plants right now. And we working in progress try to use these PPP derive the map to correlate with the satellite maps or hyperspectral imaging so we can get so we can find which hyperspectral signals gone and correlated with diseases infection on the ground. And this is especially important for crops like grapes because of manual for the disease, or occurred from the bottom of the canopy, or the side of the canopy, where many off of the you know, satellite or Earth observation systems may not easily see at the beginning. But those signals will be embedded in the hyperspectral signatures.   Craig Macmillan  11:55  Got it. Okay. So I could get a map that would allow me to spray pesticide a fungicide very, very targeted way is kind of where we're going with this.   Yu Jiang  12:06  Yes, correct. I'm actually gonna just share some other ongoing effort here. Also, while also my colleague Dr. Devika Daughtrey from plants, Plant Pathology at Cornell agri tech, who identified the use of the UV, as treatment, powdery mildew or Downy Mildew for our grapes. And our account of ongoing efforts is to synchronize that map generated by PPP and the transfer to the UV robots. So now UV robots are gonna rely on that map to apply the UV treatment to balance the power usage and the hopefully to also maximize the contents of the disease spreading in the vineyard.   Craig Macmillan  12:52  That's really exciting. I understand the USDA also has some some role in this technology or related technologies.   Yu Jiang  12:59  Yeah, you ask the actually is a big partner of the whole team, especially for the grape genetics research unit, here in Geneva, New York. And we have a very multidisciplinary team, I will see I can see is from like a plant breeding to genetic to plant pathology now, including myself from engineering and robotics. And we also have about informatics, and we some colleagues from other universities on economy and marketing. So the whole team's efforts is back to a systems engineering approach, I would say. So when we look at the whole production, right, it's not just that, yeah, we have this robot that can do proceed and spray or deliver the UV treatment can solve all these questions. It's just hard to imagine that simple. So then we when we look at the whole agriculture production system, we started with the best plant material. And if we started with the building a candidate or a successful candidate data, usually just to make the rest of the whole production management much easier than ever before.   Craig Macmillan  14:14  Yeah, absolutely.   Yu Jiang  14:15  That's where, you know, all the scientists on the team really excited about how we can breed a new plant materials that have more like a natural resistance to plant the disease or maybe other stresses so that later on the in season management, it can be much more easily, you know, controlled or conducted by the growers. That Castile enable sustainable, you know, agriculture while maximizing the profitability for many of the growers in the future.   Craig Macmillan  14:45  I understand that one of the projects you've worked on had to do with phenotyping. So if I'm reading plants, there's a particular trait that I want and there's a particular expression of that trait that I want, whether it's disease tolerance or drought tolerance or salt tolerance. answer whatever it is, but that aspect of plant breeding is very difficult and takes a long time traditionally, and takes a high level of expertise. What is this idea of high throughput? phenotyping? What's that all about?   Yu Jiang  15:13  If you can have a think about the whole history of plant breeding, all the way you treat the back to mon Tao, we are human phenotyping is the best way, we just go to the field, plant and various plant materials, and just watch their performance in the field and find the best suitable for us. Right? So so then we recognize the traditional breeding, it becomes a numbers game, the more we test, the higher the possibility, we're going to find something, going t obe suitable for us, right? So we say it's a matter of who can email you this account of a traditional breeding way that requires the highest throughput phenotyping. Because the more you testing in the field, the higher the possibility we got to get something successful, and how to evaluate in the field is the biggest question right now. And that's where the high throughput plant phenotyping plays a vital role to address that bottleneck. So instead of for a breeder, to raw, only, you know, hundreds of 1000, you know, testing materials, the now can run, you know, 10,000, or even 100,000 in a year. That's how we hope to speed up the entire breeding cycles.   Craig Macmillan  16:25  So tell me the details of the tech of the details of the so I get some, I breed some plants, I've got some seeds, I'm gonna plant some seeds, right, I've got genetic recombination, now we gotta cross. How does this technology actually play a role? I put a bunch of plants in front of it, or how does it work?   Yu Jiang  16:46  Yep, so So in my understanding, there are actually two different paths ways to use that. One is along the traditional ways, as we just described, basically, we just find the best performancer from the field, right, and the system would just behave like a human in the field, we just find the tallest one, then we just a mirror the height of the plants in the field using the AI system with the robot, or if we want find more disease resistance is more like a what the PPB is helping right now, go to the field check a differente. And though gene all types off with a group of eyes, and then we find the least the infection as the candidate for the next one, right, this is a more like a traditional way. But now the second pathway is even more exciting is through the genetic studies. So once we kind of forget these phenotypes, especially there are differences, we have many different ways now can sequence them to understand their DNA markers and sequences, so that we will be able to work with the bell informaticians, to find which genes are associated with the phenotypic trees have a desire. Okay, so certain genes in my show, okay, the high disease resistance always associated with certain region in your DNA, and that's very likely being the gene or the region really control the resistance right to that particular disease. And if we ran multiple of these experiment, we get more and more as a candidate of Regents, and lead her on instead of keep running the field of trials, which still consume a lot of resources and the timing, because you need to wait until the plants are mature, and, you know, go through the entire season, we can now rely on those genetic, you know, information to identify the next around of a candidate, if the content of those gene regions is very likely, they're gonna have some, you know, resistance to certain disease. And that's another whole pathway, in my opinion, to facilitate the cultivar development in the future.   Craig Macmillan  18:58  And what is the role of AI in that?   Yu Jiang  19:00  So AI, please several rules there. So first, is to help the phenotyping itself, right. So basically, in the past, we sent a large group of it, you know, people go to the field and check the planet, hide diseases, infection, fruit size, you name it. And now we can just use, you know, robots to take images or even our cell phone to take an image. And then the AI will just mimic a human behavior to identify Oh, where the plant is, how tall the plant is, what's the number of leaves within that image or a number of a fruit fruit the size, a little versus, you know, trees and AI definitely now, at least, that being comparable with human performance for many of these tasks. And the other way is actually, to use AI as another tool to make a better prediction of relationship between the phenotypic trees and their genetic variants, right as we discuss for the second impassively is basically made to find that the association between genetic and phenotypic variants, and the AI also now plays a vital role to help us to find those relationships. It goes beyond traditional statistics human developed, and the find many interesting and hidden relationships that are currently statistic based approach cannot find.   Craig Macmillan  20:24  Wow, that's amazing. There's a couple of other things that that I that I was researching you that I noticed that were very, very, like practical right now, today, please, can I have some kind of technologies. One is improving the efficiency of pruning grapevines? And then I think I read this right, using facial recognition, AI technology to recognize powdery mildew infections. I would love to know about those two things, because those are two things that I would if I had it, I would use it today.   Yu Jiang  20:51  For sure. Let's start with the disease part. Yeah, cuz that's just allow what we just discussed why we developed that tool is basically a request actually, from my colleagues from the breeding and genetics slide. Okay. So in the past, my colleague, Dr. Lance Candle-Davison, at the USDA ARS develop a protocol that can use a one centimeter leaf disk as an assay to evaluate the disease progression, on the group leaf tissues, and then later on that can help him as a pathogen geneticists, to find the genes related to the disease resistance to powdery and downy mildews. But the challenge is, in the past, we have to train a bunch of, you know, technicians and the postdocs, even some of the other grad and graduate students at Cornell, to sit in front of a optical microscope and put the sample on our eight turn to like a tax 100x. And then manually identify how the pathogen really grew in the past a couple of days during the experiment, right, and then counted the number of a hyphal, which is a particular organ of the pathogen being grown, right. And then at the end of the day, they turn all these numbers back, and they will be able to run some quantitative genetic analysis, try to find the relationship. And I tried to once to be honest.   Craig Macmillan  22:27  Okay, yeah, I spent a lot of I spent a lot hours with a dissecting scope. So I hear you Isn't that fun?   Yu Jiang  22:34  Well, I want to see, for the first a couple of new samples. Yeah, it's it's a new experience for anyone, right? And if it's like, oh, yeah, I get that. After trial, you know, 10 samples. I'm done today. I don't want to see the front end of the microscope that day. And don't ask me to do this again. Right. It's quite tedious. And as a person, you'll feel fatigued very quickly. Yep. Very quickly, because you need to, to be super concentrated on what are you observing right now? And then also make the columns in your brain? I don't know how I did that. But I did. But after 10 samples, no, no more?   Craig Macmillan  23:16  Yeah. Yeah.   Yu Jiang  23:17  So that's the motivation for us to consider how the AI system can really help us, right? Because basically, what do we want the AI to do is giving you know, an image? Can you tell me? Which part content of the hypho And then tell me how I mean, how many of these hyphos are within that image? That's all right. So it's very much like the facial recognition technology we're using every single day. So our smartphone or maybe other security checking, you know, systems, right? And that just to give us motivation, hey, why not? Let me just build the robot and some of the AI tools that we can automate this whole process. So later on, instead of asking our students to do that very tedious work of observing the dissecting microscope, we will be able to allow them to do more intelligent work, how to find or improve the approval from the genetics, the perspective or the breeding perspective, rather than letting them doing this repeated and boring work. And that's the whole motivation here. And that's a reason why we can't have a proposed out method and that really got some success and to speed up that process. And now, just want to share with you in the past the year 2023 Last group, by using this technology was able to find a 60 more quantitative trait, a low sigh, which you can see there are data that gene regions related to certain, you know, phenotypic traits. And here in this study, that's more for the powdery mildew resistance. just named as single year, his team found 60 More as compare with, we fund probably 40 In the past four decades.   Craig Macmillan  25:08  Wow, wow, that's fantastic. There's so much here. There's so much stuff going on in it, as I have guests on that are working in these areas. It's just is it every day, I'm just learning so much new stuff, but I can't let you go without talking about pruning. I just, I just have to know about that I've I pruned a lot of grape vines personally, and I've trained people and you know, and there's, there's this, well, I'll just break it down for you. Pruning grape vines is an art form. And I don't care what kind of Trellis I don't care what kind of grape, whatever it is. And even if you're mechanized, that you gotta tune this thing up, and you got to collect data, and you got to figure out how this is gonna work. And when you have vines that are being pruned, you're trained, every single time somebody that I've been working with, usually above me was like, do these people really know what they're doing? Because they can't screw it up. Right? So now, is this going to help me? I mean, this is do you have technology? That's gonna help me you? I mean, I need this help.   Yu Jiang  26:02  Yes. Also, simple answer is A Yes, yes. And yes. So we are developing actually, the technology for the broader pruning a system for both apples and grapes as perennial crops, because they do need this type of technology to help based on my personal experience in the past three years, with both the pruning for apples and pruning for grapes, I share your burden Craig, it's not only you, but as an observer, and both the person who did the pruning, okay, using the knives, I have a strong feeling, I don't know what I'm doing.   Craig Macmillan  26:44  Right?   Yu Jiang  26:44  Right, I have a lot of criteria being you know, taught, say you need to find a branch that thick or that long, then you need to cut to certain lengths or just a cut them entirely, so that you can have new shoots coming with more healthy groups and the more productive grooves in the year. But to be honest, and once you get into the field, maybe perhaps the first several you keep that in mind. And then otherwise, oh, yeah, I just feel like these two needs to be cut. Don't ask me why I just feel that way. Right. And this is a kind of shows the non uniformity among the workforce. If I'm a beginner, I have less experience, I gotta be low in my working efficiency, I am going to create more problems, and rather than more success pruning, for the management, and obviously, the more counter for trend and people needs to be you know, pay them more because they have those experiences. So that all comes through the labor shortage issue, then it's just really hard to find those skilled people. So in my group, we kind of develop we are developing new 3d imaging technologies. Oh, wow. Yeah, that can get the very high fidelity of the 3d models of your grape vines and the apple trees in the field. And then once we get to some models, we can extract the skeleton is much more like how human described that, oh, yeah, that's my skin, and then I have to shoes and how they grow. And then we just be able to do that in a granular detail with all the needed information, like what's the diameter, or what's the length for each of these branch. And then due to all we can, based on our predefined the pruning criteria, to decide where are the cutting points, so that either a person or maybe a machine, or maybe a robot in the future, can go to the field directly cut based on the information we already get. Yeah, and the good thing is now with this whole kind of a new approach, instead of based on our existing you know, criteria, we can also form all different sets of criteria to really prune it in whatever way we want because that's a digital system. It won't hurt anything rather than using some of the power from you right? And then we can count off a get a difference you though proven the vineyard to take a look which we better serve our purpose. And we are also working with some offer collaborators try to incorporate to the growth models for grape vine. Try to see with different pruning strategy how the group vine or apple trees gonna grow during the growing season. And how I mean for me differently you know, branch structures and maybe different fruits load and the distribution with a hope you know, if we know this information beforehand, we can let the universe to determine what might be the best strategy we want to do as the you Though time progress to the green season, so do you have much more information in advance? Rather than Oh, yeah, I got it just to do the pruning. But that's the best I can do.   Craig Macmillan  27:15  Right? Right, right. So it sounds like that could be kind of an iterative process, you have a robot go through, and you get your 3d model, and you bring it back. And then you develop an algorithm essentially, that says, Keep this, don't keep this keep this, don't keep this, cut it here, cut it there, then you could execute that. Exactly, basically, to the vine.   Yu Jiang  30:29  Yes. Correct.   Craig Macmillan  30:30  And then you could have it grow. And then you can come back the following year, and say, Okay, well, what happened? And you could refine that model over time.   Yu Jiang  30:39  Yes, correct. That that's exactly the concept called a digital twin. Wow. Yeah, we see is a product actually from NASA, used to use that for you know, making the Mars rovers or the moon rovers, because they need to simulate so many different things before they put the actual manufacturing, right. But now we want to adopt these concepts for agriculture, before we do any of the decision making on pruning or harvesting. We want to see how they progress in the digital world, because it just takes us so minimal cost, and then we can have better understanding which way might be the best, we want to move forward.   Craig Macmillan  31:20  Wow, that's really exciting stuff. This technology is probably still in its infancy, I would guess.   Yu Jiang  31:27  Yes. Correct. I mean, although now we have more and more 3d imaging technologies and even more like a loose AI driven approaches. But it still is early stage, we are having some challenges from the field. So that's a reason we are, working hard to make progress. And I hope to share more things, you know, in the coming years with the audience here and hopefully demonstrated to the grape industry someday.   Craig Macmillan  31:53  Yeah, absolutely. Keep going. We're out of time. But I want to what is it one thing you would recommend to grape growers around this kind of topic, these topics, I guess I should say,   Yu Jiang  32:05  Can I share two actually?   Craig Macmillan  32:07  Please yeah, to is great.   Yu Jiang  32:09  Why I really want to share with with all the growers as we are at the point where many of these digital technologies are being more and more available and affordable. So please keep your eyes and the for example, at Cornell, my extension program focuses on the digital agriculture trials for adoption short for data aims to fill in the gap between you know, the growers and the startup companies who deliver those new da tools for production management, and also tried to offer more knowledge base to our growers, they can learn and better use these tools by themselves. So this is very important, as many of these tools go and just a calming and you don't want to miss the opportunity offer using the best of the tool to shop yourself and make better management. The second thing I also really want to share with our audience here is pleased to share all these exciting lands from digital agriculture to our case, to younger generations who are working in your, you know, vineyard or winery. I'm a strong believer the best investment is always you know, for the future generations. If they got excited if the et buy in all these ideas and put more efforts to start, you know, learn and develop new technologies back to agriculture and the food sectors. I believe we're gonna have a sustainable and resilient agriculture in the future for sure.   Craig Macmillan  33:39  That is fantastic. Where can people find out more about you.   Yu Jiang  33:42  you can check on my labs website is a se a i r dot c a l s dot cornell.edu. I will provide you the link so that you can share with the audience.   Craig Macmillan  33:58  Fantastic. So our guest today with Yun Jiang. He's a system professor of systems engineering and data analytics in the School of integrative plant science the whole crypto section of Cornell agritech thank you so much for being on the podcast. This was really fun.   Yu Jiang  34:13  Thanks so much Craig for having me today and as my priority to share our ongoing efforts and research with the broader audience here for grapes. Thanks, everyone.   Transcribed by https://otter.ai Nearly perfect transcription by https://otter.ai

Purdue Crop Chat is a regular podcast from Hoosier Ag Today and the Purdue University Extension Service, featuring Purdue Extension soybean specialist Dr. Shaun Casteel and Extension Corn Specialist Dr. Dan Quinn. On this episode, Shaun and Dan welcome Dr. Darcy Telenko, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology at Purdue and one of the foremost experts in the US on tar spot in corn. She says this is the earliest she has found the yield-limiting disease. This podcast is made possible by the Indiana Corn Marketing Council and Indiana Soybean Alliance. Your Indiana corn and soybean checkoff investments yesterday are paying off today. New research, new uses, demand creation -- bringing dollars back to the farm. Check it out at Your Checkoff.org.

My guest this week is a returning guest. Dr. Nicole Gauthier is a pathologist, and Professor and Extension specialist at the University of Kentucky.  Her program focuses on disease management of specialty crops, including hemp.  In her Extension role, she develops educational and outreach programs to help growers manage disease through identification, understanding of pathosystems, and integration of management strategies. Her research program focuses on a range of hemp diseases, including Fusarium head blight.  Dr. Gauthier earned her BS in Horticulture Science and her PhD in Plant Pathology from Louisiana State University.  She joined the UK College of Agriculture in 2011 and began working with industrial hemp in 2014. There will be a link on the podcast page to access her resources and research. Now on to the show!Hemp and cannabis research and Extension fact sheets https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/extension/publications#HEMPSilicon study https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/pprr-02.pdf

We are excited to bring you this special podcast. It's the live recording from the very first AgEmerge Event that was held in Monterey California in 2019. It all began when Monte read a paper Dr. White had written about the rhizophagy cycle and he knew he needed to get this powerful research and information in the hands of farmers and ranchers. Dr. White had everyone on the edge of their seats as he shared this groundbreaking research. We've included Dr. White's main stage presentation along with his breakout session but first we bring you a special clip of Monte and Gabe Brown discussing that day because Gabe was both a presenter and listener when Dr. White was on the stage. Enjoy! Dr. James F. White is Professor of Plant Biology at Rutgers University where he and students conduct research on beneficial microbes that inhabit plant tissues. Dr. White obtained the M.S. in Mycology and Plant Pathology from Auburn University, Alabama, and the Ph.D. in Botany/Mycology from the University of Texas, Austin. Dr. White specializes in the study of endophytic microbes and how they affect plants. Dr. White is the author of more than 200 articles, and author and editor of reference books on the biology of endophytes, including Biotechnology of Acremonium Endophytes of Grasses (1994), Microbial Endophytes (2000), The Clavicipitalean Fungi (2004), The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem (2005, 2017), Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis (2009), and Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology (2019). Dr. White is a fellow of the AAAS, and Associate Editor for journals Fungal Ecology, Symbiosis, Mycoscience, and Scientific Reports. Got questions you want answered? Send them our way and we'll do our best to research and find answers. Know someone you think would be great on the AgEmerge stage or podcast? Send your questions or suggestions to kim@asn.farm we'd love to hear from you.

On this episode, we hear from Dr. Darcy Telenko, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology at Purdue University, on Corn Stunt Disease and Joe Janzen, an agricultural economist with the University of Illinois, discusses the difference between USDA and Conab soybean estimates for Brazil production. Then, we present the third part of our discussion on cyber threats in agriculture with FBI Supervisory Intelligence Analyst Wade Greening. In our “Meat Monitor” segment, we learn about efforts to get U.S. red meat in more at-home meal kits in Korea, and in “Bushels and Cents,” Ray Bohacz has the second part of his three-part series on planter prep. This week, he discusses gauge wheels. The episode also features the music of Clarksville Creative Sound recording artist Ariel Franz. Timestamps Intro and news: 0:00 Goatlifeclothing.com advertisement: 5:43 Dr. Darcy Telenko, Purdue University: 6:02 Joe Janzen, University of Illinois: 7:35 Wade Greening, Federal Bureau of Investigation: 10:22 Dan Halstrom and Jihae Yang, U.S. Meat Export Federation: 22:02 Ray Bohacz, “Bushels and Cents”: 24:19 Ariel Franz: 25:43

In this episode, Dr. Romina Gazis, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology and Director of the Plant Diagnostic Clinic at the University of Florida, joins host Matt Kasson for an engaging conversation about growing up in Peru, her love of mycology and fungal diseases, and her tireless work to diagnose and manage tropical fruit diseases in Florida. Show notes University of Florida Tropical Research & Education Center Faculty Profile: https://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/people/romina-gazis/ Find Romina Gazis on X (formerly Twitter): @ClinicPlant Recent APS Press Publication: Belizaire, C.M., Gañán-Betancur, L. and Gazis, R., 2024. Avocado scab caused by Elsinoe perseae: A diagnostic guide. Plant Health Progress, pp.PHP-10. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHP-10-23-0084-DG This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Romina Gazis.

Dr. Kimberly Gwinn is a Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology at the University of Tennessee. Her lab currently investigates natural products that are produced by plants and microbes and their uses as medicines and as bio-pesticides.  At CannMed 24 she will present Hemp Processing by-products as Biopesticides which describes her team's work using terpene-rich industrial hemp by-products to control plant diseases and pests.  We discuss:  Why terpenes are effective biopesticides  Which pathogens and pests terepene-rich biopesticide can fight  What are nanaemulsions and why they are important in this application  How this technology can open up a new revenue stream for growers  The regulatory lift for getting biopesticides approved  and more  Thanks to this episode's Sponsor: Rare Earth Genomics.  Rare Earth Genomics is a dynamic partnership formed with Texas A&M AgriLife, one of the world's leading research institutions, to accelerate hemp research and create tools for farmers. Their mission is to increase the likelihood of a successful harvest for farmers through genetic analysis and rigorous environmental testing of vigorous cultivars.  learn more at rareearchgenomics.com  Additional Resources Register for CannMed 24 What Makes CannMed Unique and Why You Don't Want to Miss It Review the Podcast! CannMed Archive

In this episode, Dr. Mannon Gallegly, centenarian and Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology at West Virginia University, joins host Matt Kasson for an engaging conversation about Mannon's storied 80+ year career as a plant pathologist. Dr. Gallegly shares stories of working alongside Wood Food Prize recipient John S. Niederhauser and Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug in Mexico in the 1950s and 1960s. Show notes West Virginia University Faculty Profile here: https://www.davis.wvu.edu/faculty-staff/directory/mannon-gallegly News Release of Mannon's Majesty, a Late Blight and Septoria Leaf Blight resistant Tomato Variety: https://wvutoday.wvu.edu/stories/2024/01/24/wvu-professor-emeritus-and-creator-of-the-people-s-tomato-unveils-final-variety-makes-limited-seeds-available-for-growers Donate to the Mannon E. Gallegly Student Travel Fund: https://www.apsnet.org/members/give-awards/donate/giving/funds/Pages/Gallegly.aspx Phytopathology News article on Mannon's fund: https://www.apsnet.org/members/community/phytopathology-news/2024/march/Pages/Mannon-Gallegly.aspx APS link to the 1948 APS North Central Meeting at the University of Minnesota and the 1965 Potato Association of America Meeting in Mexico City: https://www.apsnet.org/members/give-awards/donate/giving/funds/Pages/Gallegly.aspx This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Mannon Gallegly.

In this episode, join host Matt Kasson as he engages in a conversation with Dr. Megan McCaghey, Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology in the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Minnesota. Dr. McCaghey shares insights into her career journey shaped by agriculture, the deliberate choice to pursue a master's degree before a PhD, and her ongoing research on Southern blight and Phytophthora sojae. The discussion also explores her current and future teaching commitments, the transformative impact of the pandemic on her teaching methods, mentoring and networking approaches, and valuable advice for early-career scientists. Show notes UMN Department of Plant Pathology Faculty Profile here: https://plpa.cfans.umn.edu/people/megan-mccaghey McCaghey Lab Website: https://mccagheylab.cfans.umn.edu/ Find Megan McCaghey on X (formerly Twitter): @MNSoilFungi 2023 Research Highlight on Dr. McCaghey's work on Soybeans by the Soybean Research and Information Network: Improving Tools for Soybean Breeders to Fight White Mold Recent APS Press Publication: Webster, R.W., McCaghey, M., Mueller, B.D., Groves, C.L., Mathew, F.M., Singh, A.K., Kabbage, M. and Smith, D.L., 2023. Development of Glycine max Germplasm Highly Resistant to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PhytoFrontiers™, 3(3), pp.629-638. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PHYTOFR-01-23-0009-R This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Megan McCaghey.

Tim Boland is the Director of the Polly Hill Arboretum on the island of Martha's Vineyard, West Tisbury, Massachusetts. Tim moved with his wife Laura and two children to the Vineyard in 2002. Before his move to the Vineyard, he was Curator of Horticulture at the Morton Arboretum in Lisle, Illinois.  A plantsman with wide-ranging interests, he is a nationally recognized author, photographer, and lecturer. Tim has an undergraduate degree in Landscape Horticulture and a master's degree in Botany and Plant Pathology from Michigan State University with a specialization in Plant Ecology and Systematics.   Tim studies oak trees and has traveled the world to see oaks in their natural habitats. He is a board member of the International Oak Society, and Chair of the Oak Conservation and Research Committee.   Tim is also active in assembling a modern flora for Martha's Vineyard and adjacent islands. He is a plant collections advocate and serves on the Living Collections Advisory Committee of the Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA. In his position as director of the Polly Hill Arboretum, Tim guides the principal program areas of Living Collections, Education, Plant Conservation, and Community Ecology. He is thrilled to see the transformation over the last several years of the Polly Hill Arboretum from a private garden to a community, regional, and national resource. A big part of this transformation is the dedicated work of the board, staff, and volunteers who so generously support the Polly Hill Arboretum through their time, and enthusiasm! --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/plantatrilliontrees/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/plantatrilliontrees/support

Do you understand pruning wounds, infections of pruning wounds, and how to protect your vines? Grapevine pruning is an essential vineyard management practice that helps maintain plant health and fruit quality. However, this practice also exposes vines to various fungal diseases that can be detrimental to vineyard health. It's important to know how to prevent harm and promote recovery if your vines become infected. In this episode, we have a conversation with Dr. Akif Eskalen from the UC Davis Department of Plant Pathology on pruning wound protection and the new products available for protecting pruning wounds. Dr. Akif specializes in the identification, biology, epidemiology, and control of fungal pathogens on vines, small fruits, berries, and palm fruits in California. He is also an expert in conventional and biological products that can help your vineyard thrive. Listen in for a multitude of tips to protect your vineyard from infections. In this episode, you will hear: How infections enter vines through pruning wounds. How spores then find their way into pruning wounds and cause infection. If pruning shears are a concern for contaminating a pruning wound. How to deal with the sap flow and protect against reinfection. The synthetic products that work and don't work. The field of biologicals and alternative products. How the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) works. Follow and Review: We'd love for you to follow us if you haven't yet. Click the ‘+ Follow' button in the top right corner of your Apple Podcasts app. We'd love it even more if you could drop a review or 5-star rating over on Apple Podcasts. Simply select “Ratings and Reviews” and “Write a Review” then a quick line with your favorite part of the episode. It only takes a second, and it helps spread the word about the podcast. Resources: The biologicals mentioned by name in today's episode are Bio-Tam, Vintec, & Botector. If you want to learn more about protecting your pruning wounds, you can check out the FREE grower guide Preventing Grapevine Trunk Diseases available at VirtualViticultureAcademy.com. If you have questions about today's episode or other grape growing questions, go to VineyardUndergroundPodcast.com and click the Ask Fritz button.   Come grow with Fritz through VirtualViticultureAcademy.com! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today's Guest: Dr. Akif Eskalen is a plant pathologist with UC Davis specializing in the identification, biology, epidemiology, and control of fungal pathogens on vines, small fruits and berries, and pome fruits in California. Connect with Akif: Research Website: https://ucanr.edu/sites/eskalenlab/ Fruit Crop Fungicide Efficacy Trials: https://ucanr.edu/sites/eskalenlab/Fruit_Crop_Fungicide_Trials/ Email: aeskalen@ucdavis.edu Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at https://emeraldcitypro.com. Let them know we sent you.

In an era of transformative global shifts—defined by evolving commodity trade patterns, the rise of online shopping, and economic challenges—a critical reevaluation of biosecurity strategies is imperative. Collaborative efforts through international partnerships, innovative approaches in business and technology, and the integration of multidisciplinary methods are essential for ensuring food security and forging novel pathways to combat pests and pathogens. Join us in this episode of Something to Chew On as we delve into these crucial topics with Simon McKirdy, Professor of Biosecurity, Deputy Vice Chancellor of Global Engagement, and Pro Vice Chancellor of the Harry Butler Institute at Murdoch University. A Fullbright Distinguished Chair in Life Sciences Award recipient, Dr. McKirdy's exploration of biosecurity system resiliency, coupled with his ongoing collaboration with K-State's Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Plant Pathology, helps to establish policies and future frameworks for international coordination and global food security.

Dr Gábor Somlyai graduated as a biologist from the University of Szeged in 1982. Between 1982 and 1990 he worked for the Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He had a scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences while studying for his PhD and defended his thesis in molecular biology in 1988. Dr Somlyai spent six months at the Georg-August University in Göttingen on a DFG scholarship after receiving his Ph.D. He followed that with a postdoctoral fellowship in the field of genetic engineering and gene mapping at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. In the wake of the Hungarian, Nobel-prize winning scientist Albert Szent-Györgyi – who said that the true cause of cancer should be looked for at the sub-molecular level – Gábor began his examining the biological importance of naturally occurring deuterium as a senior research fellow at the Hungarian Institute of Oncology in 1990. In 1993 Gabor established HYD Ltd. for Research and Development (now HYD LLC. for Cancer Research and Drug Development) to carry out cancer research and drug development based on the proprietary procedure called deuterium depletion. Dr Somlyai served as the scientific director of HYD Ltd. between 1993 and 1997 before becoming the CEO of the company. In 2012 he also began serving as the General Director of HYD's parent company, HYD Pharma Inc. His book, Defeating Cancer!, was published in Hungary in 2000. It has since been published in Romania, Japan, China, South Korea and the U.S.A. Gábor is a holder of numerous international patents, an author of more than 40 scientific publications, and a highly sought-after speaker at international conferences. Website https://hyd.hu/en/the-inventor/ Center for Deuterium Depletion https://www.ddcenters.com/about-us-2/ Here is the website site people can order Preventa deuterium-depleted water. They are offering six concentrations: 125 ppm, 105 ppm, 85 ppm, 65 ppm, 45 ppm, and 25 ppm: https://preventa.hu/en/ For more info, Gabor's books and to buy deuterium-depleted water, check out his website: https://hyd.hu/en/books/ Book: Defeating Cancer!   Contact and Follow Dr Chaffee: ✅PATREON for early releases, bonus content, and weekly Zoom meetings https://www.patreon.com/AnthonyChaffeeMD ✅Sign up for our 30-day carnivore challenge and group here! https://www.howtocarnivore.com/ ✅INSTAGRAM: @anthonychaffeemd www.instagram.com/anthonychaffeemd/ ✅TWITTER: @Anthony_Chaffee ✅TIKTOK: @AnthonyChaffeeMD ✅Apple Podcast: The Plant Free MD https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/the-plant-free-md-podcast/id1614546790 ✅Spotify: The Plant Free MD https://open.spotify.com/show/0WQtoPLuPMWWm3ZT3DYXzp?si=PPc2rXZzQXuzjIRK__SEZQ ✅To Sign up for a personal consultation with me, you can use my Calendly link below to schedule an appointment: ✅60 minute consultation https://calendly.com/anthonychaffeemd/60-minute-consultation ✅For collaborations, please email me at the below address. 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Dr. James White is a professor of Plant Pathology at Rutgers University. Dr. White obtained an M.S. in Mycology and Plant Pathology from Auburn University and a Ph.D. in Mycology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1987. Dr. White specializes in symbiosis research, particularly endophytic microbes. He is the author of more than 180 articles and author and editor of reference books on the biology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of fungal endophytes, including Biotechnology of Acremonium Endophytes of Grasses (1994), Microbial Endophytes (2000), The Clavicipitalean Fungi (2004), The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem (2005), and Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis (2009). The overall hypothesis of this research is that bacterial and fungal endophytes of the plant microbiome function to defend plants from stress and provide nutrients that enhance the growth and development of plants. In this episode, James and John discuss: How plants get nutrients through the rhizophagy cycle Important microbes lost from commercial seed production  Indigenous wisdom in seed production Bacteria changing the behavior of fungal populations through nutrients How endophytes benefit plants  Reshaping agriculture to be based on how plants actually grow How plants cannot grow without microbes in their cells Additional Resources To take the course led by Dr. James White that teaches the Rhizophagy cycle, please visit: https://kindharvest.ag/courses/ra-ur-understanding-rhizophagy/ About John Kempf John Kempf is the founder of Advancing Eco Agriculture (AEA). A top expert in biological and regenerative farming, John founded AEA in 2006 to help fellow farmers by providing the education, tools, and strategies that will have a global effect on the food supply and those who grow it. Through intense study and the knowledge gleaned from many industry leaders, John is building a comprehensive systems-based approach to plant nutrition – a system solidly based on the sciences of plant physiology, mineral nutrition, and soil microbiology. Support For This Show & Helping You Grow Since 2006, AEA has been on a mission to help growers become more resilient, efficient, and profitable with regenerative agriculture.  AEA works directly with growers to apply its unique line of liquid mineral crop nutrition products and biological inoculants. Informed by cutting-edge plant and soil data-gathering techniques, AEA's science-based programs empower farm operations to meet the crop quality markers that matter the most.  AEA has created real and lasting change on millions of acres with its products and data-driven services by working hand-in-hand with growers to produce healthier soil, stronger crops, and higher profits. Beyond working on the ground with growers, AEA leads in regenerative agriculture media and education, producing and distributing the popular and highly-regarded Regenerative Agriculture Podcast, inspiring webinars, and other educational content that serve as go-to resources for growers worldwide. Learn more about AEA's regenerative programs and products: https://www.advancingecoag.com/ ~  VIDEO: To learn more from John Kempf about regenerative agriculture, watch this conversation between John and three AEA grower partners about how regenerative agriculture is changing lives and conventional farming: https://youtu.be/n9U6GwbYPDk

In this episode, recorded live at the 12th International Congress of Plant Pathology in Lyon, France, Dr. Yong-Hwan Lee, president of the International Society for Plant Pathology, joins host Jim Bradeen to talk about global plant health, his career in plant pathology, opportunities and challenges facing the industry, academic leadership, international collaborations, and a preview of the next International Congress of Plant Pathology, held in Australia in 2028. Show notes The full transcript for this episode can be found here: https://tinyurl.com/yc7a5vfk (https://tinyurl.com/yc7a5vfk) For more information on that International Society for Plant Pathology: https://www.isppweb.org This episode is produced by Association Briefings (https://associationbriefings.com). Special Guest: Yong-Hwan Lee.

#146: Linley Dixon, co-director of the Real Organic Project, speaks to the progress of our movement and the challenges we face, including new and misleading terms like "climate smart agriculture" and a misunderstood villainization of tillage. Linley was the lead-off speaker at our recent in-person event at Abby Rockefeller's Churchtown Dairy in Hudson NY, in mid-October.Dr. Linley Dixon is the co-director of the Real Organic Project and the owner-operator of Adobe House Farm in Durango, Colorado. She has a Master's Degree in Plant and Soil Science, specializing in Organic Agriculture,  and also earned a PhD in Plant Pathology from the University of West Virginia, specializing in tomato diseases. Linley has worked as a scientist for both The Cornucopia Institute and at the USDA. To watch a video version of this podcast with access to the full transcript and links relevant to our conversation, please visit:https://www.realorganicproject.org/linley-dixon-saving-real-organic-first-five-years-episode-one-hundred-forty-sixThe Real Organic Podcast is hosted by Dave Chapman and Linley Dixon, engineered by Brandon StCyr, and edited and produced by Jenny Prince.The Real Organic Project is a farmer-led movement working towards certifying 1,000 farms across the United States this year. Our add-on food label distinguishes soil-grown fruits and vegetables from hydroponically-raised produce, and pasture-raised meat, milk, and eggs from products harvested from animals in horrific confinement (CAFOs - confined animal feeding operations).To find a Real Organic farm near you, please visit:https://www.realorganicproject.org/farmsWe believe that the organic standards, with their focus on soil health, biodiversity, and animal welfare were written as they should be, but that the current lack of enforcement of those standards is jeopardizing the ability for small farms who adhere to the law to stay in business. The lack of enforcement is also jeopardizing the overall health of the customers who support the organic movement; customers who are not getting what they pay for at market but still paying a premium price. And the lack of enforcement is jeopardizing the very cycles (water, air, nutrients) that Earth relies upon to provide us all with a place to live, by pushing extractive, chemical agriculture to the forefront.If you like what you hear and are feeling inspired, we would love for you to join our movement by becoming one of our 1,000  Real Friends:https://www.realorganicproject.org/real-organic-friends/To read our weekly newsletter (which might just be the most forwarded newsletter on the internet!) and get firsthand news about what's happening with organic food, farming and policy, please subscribe here:https://www.realorganicproject.org/email/

Dr. Susie Dai is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology at Texas A&M University. She is also Director of the Biomonitoring Program in the Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, leading the Iowa Statewide Biomonitoring public health surveillance. Susie works at the interface of chemistry and biology, and her research leverages microorganisms like bacteria and fungus to synthesize chemicals of value or degrade poisonous chemicals. This work has important applications for developing sustainable methods to produce chemicals and breaking down dangerous chemicals that are very stable. In addition, Susie's work also includes biomonitoring where they examine exposure to toxic chemicals from private wells and other environmental sources. When she's not at work Susie enjoys reading and hanging out with her family, including her two wonderful daughters. Susie received her BS degree in Chemistry from Fudan University, and her PhD in Chemistry from Duke University. Afterwards, she conducted postdoctoral research with the Scripps Research Institute and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Next Susie began working as a Research Assistant Professor and was promoted to Research Associate Professor at Texas A&M in the Office of the Texas State Chemist. Subsequently, she served as Associate Director of the Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa and Director of the Environmental Health Division. She returned to the Texas A&M faculty in 2019. In this interview, Susie shares more about her life and science.

Plants by nature are designed to interact with light. Satellites can measure the light reflected by plants to detect grapevine diseases before they are visible to the human eye. Katie Gold, Assistant Professor of Grape Pathology, Susan Eckert Lynch Faculty Fellow, School of Integrative Plant Science Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section of Cornell AgriTech is trailblazing remote disease detection with imaging spectroscopy also known as hyperspectral imaging. Imaging spectroscopy was developed by NASA to tell us what Mars was made out of. By turning satellites back on Earth, Katie and a team of scientists are learning how to use the light reflected back to manage grapevine viral and foliar diseases. Listen in to the end to get Katie's number one piece of advice on the importance of data management. Resources: Alyssa K. Whitcraft, University of Maryland Disease Triangle of Plant Pathology Gold Lab Katie Gold, Cornell University   Katie Gold - Twitter NASA AVIRIS (Airborne Visible and InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer) NASA Acres - applying satellite data solutions to the most pressing challenges facing U.S. agriculture NASA Emit Satellite NASA JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Planet Labs References: Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year - $50 OFF with code PODCAST23 Sustainable Winegrowing On-Demand (Western SARE) – Learn at your own pace Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript Craig Macmillan  0:00  With us today is Katie Gold, Assistant Professor of Grape Pathology at Cornell AgraTech campus of the Cornell University. Thanks for being on the show.   Katie Gold  0:08  Well, thanks for having me.   Craig Macmillan  0:09  Today, we're going to talk about some really cool technology. I've been interested in it for a long time, and I can't wait to get an update on what all is happening. There's some really exciting work being done on using remote sensing for the detection of plant diseases. Can you tell us a little bit about what that research is about what's going on in that field?   Katie Gold  0:25  Sure, what isn't going on in this field, it's a really exciting time to be here. So I guess to put into context, we're really at this precipice of an unprecedented era of agricultural monitoring. And this comes from the intersection of you know, hardware becoming accessible, the data analytics becoming accessible, but also investment, you know, a lot of talk of ag tech being the next big thing. And with that comes this interest in using these cool and novel data streams for disease detection. So my group specializes in plant disease sensing, it's our bread and butter to what we entirely focus on. And we specialize in a technology called imaging spectroscopy for disease detection. So this is also known as hyperspectral imaging. Imaging spectroscopy is the technical term. And this is a type of remote sensing that it differs from, you know, radio wave remote sensing, and it focuses on light in the visible to shortwave infrared range.   Craig Macmillan  1:13  Talk a little bit more about that. So when we talk about hyperspectral, we're looking outside of the range of radiation, essentially, that's not just light.   Katie Gold  1:24  So yes, and no. So hyperspectral is a word that describes how the light is being measured, kind of colloquially, we assigned to it more meaning that it actually has. That's why I often like to differentiate between it for explanation sake, what hyperspectral imaging is, when we talk about using it in the full vSphere range, these are all types of light, you know, it's all aspects of the electromagnetic radiation scale. But this spectrum of light that ranges from the visible to the shortwave infrared, this spans a range of about 2100 wavelengths. So to put that into context, we see visible light only. And this spans a range of wavelengths, that's about 300 nanometers, and went from about 450 to 750. So if you think about all the richness of radiation, the subtlety in differences in color that you see in everyday light, all of that comes from those subtle interactions of, you know, specific wavelengths of light hitting that stuff and bouncing back into our eye. So now imagine having seven times more wavelengths than that, you know, we have 2100, different wavelengths that we measure. And those wavelengths that are beyond the range that we can see the reason why we don't see them as they're less abundant, they're less emitted by our sun, but they're still present, and they still interact with the world. In particular, they interact very strongly with chemistry, such as environmental chemistry. So imaging spectroscopy was developed by NASA to tell us what Mars was made out of, then one day, they're like, let's turn this baby around and pointed at the Earth. And we discovered that it's quite applicable for vegetative spectroscopy. So telling us what vegetation is made of what the composition of the Earth is. And because plant disease impacts chemistry, so dramatically, plant physiology, chemistry, morphology, such a dramatic chaotic impact. It's a really excellent technology to use for early detection. So those subtle little changes that occur within a plant before it becomes diseased to the human eye, but it's undergoing that process of disease.   Craig Macmillan  3:12  Can you expand on that point? Exactly how does this work in terms of the changes in the plant that are being picked up by viewing certain wavelengths? What's the connection there?   Katie Gold  3:23  Consider the leaf, right. So plants are an amazing thing to remotely sense because they're designed by nature to interact with light. Now that's in contrast to skin right that's designed to keep light out plants are designed to have light go in and out, etcetera. So light will enter our atmosphere from the sun, and it will do one of three things when it encounters a plant, it'll be reflected back, it will be absorbed for photosynthesis, or it will be transmitted through the plant. And the wealth of that light is actually reflected back. And that reflected light can be detected by something as distantly placed as a satellite in orbit. And how that light is reflecting off a plant is determined by the health status of a plant. So a healthy leaf, right? It's going to be photosynthesizing. This means that it's going to be absorbing red and blue light for photosynthesis, it's going to have a lot of chlorophyll, it's going to be nice, bright and green, it's going to reflect back a lot of green light. And then it's going to reflect back near infrared light, because that is the sort of light that corresponds really well to the cellular structure of a leaf, right, so a nice healthy leaf is going to bounce back near infrared light. Now an unhealthy plant, it's not going to be photosynthesizing properly. So it's going to be absorbing less red and blue light. Therefore, it will be reflecting more of that red light back, it's not going to have a lot of chlorophyll. So it's going to reflect back less green light, and it's not as healthy. It's not as robust, so it will reflect back less near infrared light. So by looking at those subtle differences, and this is where we get back to that idea of hyperspectral. Right. hyperspectral is a word about how a sensor is measuring light. And hyperspectral means that a sensor is measuring light at such narrow intervals, that it's a near continuous data product. And this is in contrast to a multispectral sensor something Like NDVI that measures light in big chunks. The power is when you have continuous data, right? You could do more complex analyses you just have more to work with. And when you have discrete data, this is what makes hyperspectral sensors more powerful. It's how they're measuring the light, and often, that they're measuring more light that our eyes can see. But that's not necessarily a given hyperspectral sensors do not need to measure beyond the visible range, they can solely be focused on the visual visible range. Because once again, hyperspectral is a word about how the light is being measured. But we oftentimes kind of colloquially, so assign more value to it. But let's take that in combination, right. So you have a hyperspectral sensor that's measuring light and very, very narrow intervals near continuous data product, you're measuring seven times more wavelengths than the eye can see, combined together. That's how this works, right? So those subtle differences and those wavebands how they're reflecting both direct interactions with plant chemistry, you know, some certain wavelengths of light will hit nitrogen bonds go wackadoo and bounce back, all crazy. Otherwise, we're making indirect inferences, right, you know, plant disease as a chaotic impact of plant health that impacts lots of areas of the spectrum. So we're not directly measuring the chemical impact, right? We're not saying okay, well, nitrogen is down two sugars are up three starch XYZ, we're measuring that indirect impact.   Craig Macmillan  6:19  That's pretty amazing. And so...   Katie Gold  6:21  I think it's cool, right? Yeah.   Craig Macmillan  6:24  The idea here is that there are changes in the leaf that can be picked up and these other wave lengths that we wouldn't see until it's too late.   Katie Gold  6:34  Exactly.   Craig Macmillan  6:35  Okay. So it's a warning sign. That gives us a chance to change management.   Katie Gold  6:40  Ideally, so. Right, so it depends on with the scale at which you're operating. So now here comes another level, right. So if you're considering just that one individual plant, it's different from when you're considering the whole scale of a vineyard, right, you want your sensing to be right size to the intervention that you're going to take. So my group works with two types of diseases primarily, we work with grape vine viral diseases, as well as grape vine foliar diseases, for example, a grape vine downy mildew, which is an Erysiphe caused by a Erysiphe pathogen, and grapevine powdery mildew, which is caused by a fungal pathogen. Now the sort of intervention that you would take for those two diseases is very different, right? With a viral disease, the only treatment that you have is removal, there's no cure for being infected with the virus. Now, with a fungal pathogen or an Erysiphe pathogen like grape downy mildew. If you detect that early, there are fungicides you can use with kickback action. Or otherwise, you might change the sort of what sort of choice you might make a fungicide right. If you know there's an actual risk in this location, you might put your most heavy hitting fungicides there than in areas where there is no disease detected, or the risk is incredibly low, you might feel more comfortable relying on a biological, thereby reducing the impact. So given the sort of intervention, you would take, we want to right size, our sensing approach for it. So with grapevine viral diseases, when the intervention is so has such a vast financial impact, right removal, we want to be incredibly sure of our data. So we focused on high spectral resolution data products for that ones, where we have lots of wavelengths being measured with the most precise accuracy so that we can have high confidence in that result, right? We want to give that to someone and say, Hey, we are very confident this is undergoing asymptomatic infection. Now, on the other hand, with these foliar diseases, they change at such a rapid timescale that you're more benefited by having an early warning that may be less accurate, right? So you're saying, hey, this area of your vineyard is undergoing rapid change it might be due to disease might be because your kid drove a golf cart through the vineyard, however, we're warning you regardless, to send someone out there and take a look and make a decision as to what you might do. Ideally, we would have a high spectral resolution regardless, right? Because more spectrum or better, but the realities of the physics and the actual logistics of doing the sensing is that we don't get to do that we have to do a trade off with spectral spatial and temporal resolution. So if we want rapid return, high degrees of monitoring, and we want that high spatial resolution suitable for a vineyard, we lose our spectral resolution, so we lose our confidence in that result. But our hope is that by saying, Hey, this is a high area of change, and giving you that information very quickly, you can still make an intervention that will be yield successful response, right? You'll go out there and you're like, Oh, yep, that's downy mildew. Otherwise, like, I'm going to take my kid keys like he's out here, my vineyard again. Right? So it's, it's kind of work balancing, right. So we have the logistics of the real world to contend with in terms of using sensing to make to inform management intervention.   Craig Macmillan  9:36  This technology can be used or applied at a variety of distances if I understand everything from proximal like driving through a vineyard to satellite.   Katie Gold  9:48  Oh, yeah. And we've worked with everything.   Craig Macmillan  9:50  Yeah, yeah. And everything in between. I mean, could you fly over is a lot of companies that do NDVIs with flyover.   Katie Gold  9:55  You can use robots like we do.   We can use robots, there's all kinds of things we can do. Or what is a what is NDVI for the audience, even though that's not what we're talking about. You and I keep using it.   So NDVI stands for Normalized Difference vegetative index. It's a normalized difference between near infrared light reflecting and red light. And it is probably the most accurate measurement we have of how green something is. And it's quite a powerful tool. As you you know, we've been using NDVI for well over 50 years to measure how green the earth is from space. That's powerful. But the power of NDVI is also its downside. And that because it is so effective at telling you how green something is, it cannot tell you why something is green. Or it cannot tell you why something is not green, it's going to pick up on a whole range of subtle things that impact plant health.   Craig Macmillan  10:40  And whereas the kind of work that you're doing differs from that in that it's looking at different frequencies, and a higher resolution of frequencies.   Katie Gold  10:51  Exactly. So for the most part, we do use NDVI. But we use it more as a stepping stone, a filtering step rather than the kind of end all be all. Additionally to we use an index that's a cousin to NDVI called EDI, that is adjusted for blue light reflectance, which is very helpful in the vineyard because it helps you deal with the shadow effects. Given the trellising system Iin the vineyard. But yes, exactly. We, for the most part are looking at more narrow intervals of light than NDVI and ranges beyond what NDVI is measuring.   Craig Macmillan  11:22  What's the resolution from space?   Katie Gold  11:24  That's a great question.   Craig Macmillan  11:25  What's the pixel size?   Katie Gold  11:27  One of the commercial satellite products we work with has half a meter resolution from space.   Craig Macmillan  11:32  Wow.   Katie Gold  11:33  Yeah, 50 centimeters, which is amazing. Yeah, that was exactly my reaction. When I heard about it, it was like I didn't get my hands on this. But as I mentioned before, right, you know, if that resolution, we trade off the spectral resolution. So actually, that imagery only has four bands, that effectively is quite similar to an NDVI sensor, that we do have a little more flexibility, we can calculate different indices with it. So we use that data product, 50 centimeters, we use three meter data products from commercial sources. And then we're also looking towards the future, a lot of my lab is funded by NASA, in support of a future satellite that's going to be launched at the end of the decade, called surface biology and geology. And this is going to put a full range Hyperspectral Imager into space that will yield global coverage for the first time. So this satellite will have 30 meter resolution. And it will have that amazing spectral resolution about 10 day return. And that 30 meter spatial size. So again, kind of mixing and matching, you don't get to optimize all three resolutions at once. Unfortunately, maybe sometime in my career, I'll get to the point where I get to optimize exactly what I want, but I'm not there yet.   Craig Macmillan  12:41  And I hadn't thought about that. So there's also a there's a time lag between when the data comes in and when it can be used.   Katie Gold  12:48  Yes.   Craig Macmillan  12:48  What are those lags like?   Katie Gold  12:50  It depends. So with some of the NASA data that we work with, it can be quite lagged, because it's not designed for rapid response. It's designed for research grade, right? So it's assuming that you have time, and it's going through a processing stage, it's going through corrections, etc. And this process is not designed to be rapid, because it's not for rapid response. Otherwise, sometimes when we're working with commercial imagery that can be available. If we task it, it can be available to us within 24 hours. So that's if I say, Hey, make me an acquisition. And they do and then within 24 hours, I get my imagery in hand. Otherwise to there's a there's delays up to seven days. But for the most part, you can access commercial satellite imagery of a scene of your choosing, generally within 24 hours of about three meter resolution to half a meter resolution. That is if you're willing to pay not available from the space agencies.   Craig Macmillan  13:42  I want to go back to that space agency thing first or in a second. What talk to me about satellite, we've got all kinds of satellites flying around out there.   Oh, we do.   All kinds of who's doing what and where and how and what are they? And how long are they up there. And...   Katie Gold  13:58  Well, I'll talk a little bit about the satellites that my program is most obsessed with. We'll call it that. I'll first start with the commercial satellite imagery that we use. This comes from Planet Labs. They're a commercial provider, they're quite committed to supporting research usages, but we've been using their data for three years now. Both they're tasked imagery, which is half a meter resolution, as well as their planet scope data, which is three meter resolution. And we've been looking at this for grapevine downy mildew. Planet Labs, their whole thing is that they have constellation architecture of cube sets. So one of the reasons why satellites are the big thing right now they are what everyone's talking about, is because we're at this point of accessibility to satellite data that's facilitated by these advances in hardware design. So one the design of satellites you know, we now have little satellites called CubeSats that are the size of footballs maybe a little bit bigger.   Craig Macmillan  14:48  Oh, really?   Katie Gold  14:48  Yeah, yeah, they're cool. They're cute. You can actually like kids science fair projects can design a CubeSat now, fancy kid school projects, at least not not where I was. As well as constellation architecture. So this is instead of having one big satellite, the size of a bus, you have something like 10, CubeSat, that are all talking to each other and working together to generate your imagery. So that's how you're able to have far more rapid returns, instead of one thing circling around the planet, you have 10 of them circling a little bit off. So you're able to get imagery far more frequently at higher spatial resolution. And this is now you know, trickled down to agriculture. Of course, you know, what did the Department of Defense have X years ago, they've, I'm excited to see what will finally be declassified eventually, right. But this is why satellite imagery is such a heyday. But anyway, that's, that's the whole Planet Labs stick, they use CubeSats and constellation design. And that's how they're able to offer such high spatial resolution imagery.   Craig Macmillan  15:44  Just real quick, I want to try understand this, you have x units, and they're spaced apart from each other in their orbit.   Katie Gold  15:52  That's my understanding. So remember, I'm the plant pathologist here I just usethis stuff. So that's my understanding is that the physicists, you know, and NASA speak, they classify us into three categories. They've got applications, like myself, I use data for something, you have algorithms, which is like I study how to make satellite, talk to the world, right, like, make useful data out of satellite. And then there's hardware people, right, they design the satellite, that's their whole life. And I'm on the other side of the pipeline. So this is my understanding of how this works. But yes, they have slightly different orbits, but they talk to each other very, very like intimately so that the data products are unified.   Craig Macmillan  16:33  Got it. But there's also other satellites that you're getting information from data from.   Katie Gold  16:37  Yes, yeah. So now kind of going on to the other side of things. So Planet Labs has lesser spectral resolution, they have four to eight, maybe 10 bands is the most that you can get from them. We're looking towards NASA surface biology and geology data. And we use NASA's Avaris instrument suite, the family suite, that includes next generation, as well as brand new Avaris three, and this stands for the Airborne, Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. Now, this is an aircraft mounted device, but this is the sort of sensor that we'll be going into space. Additionally, we're just starting to play around with data from the new NASA satellite called Emit. Emit is an imaging spectrometer that was initially designed to study dust emission. So like, tell us what the dust is made out of where it's coming from. But they've opened up the mask to allow its collection over other areas. And Emit has outstanding spectral resolution, and about 60 meter spatial resolution. It's based on the International Space.   Craig Macmillan  17:32  Station. It's located on the International Space Station?   Katie Gold  17:36  Yes, yeah. And that actually impacts how its imagery is collected. So if you take a look at a map of Emit collections, there are these stripes across the world. And that's because it's on the ISS. So it only collects imagery wherever the ISS goes. And that's a little bit different from this idea of constellation architecture, have these free living satellites floating through orbit and talking to each other.   Craig Macmillan  17:56  Are there other things like Landsat 7, Landsat 8?   Katie Gold  18:02  Oh, we're on Landsat 9 , baby!   Craig Macmillan  18:04  Oh, we're on Landsat 9 now. Cool.   Katie Gold  18:05  Yeah. Yeah, Landsat 9 was successfully launched. I'm really excited about its data.   Craig Macmillan  18:10  And it's coming in?   Katie Gold  18:11  Just to my understanding, yes, so we don't use Landsat and Sentinel data as much otherwise, our focus is on that spectral resolution, but Landsat 9 and its its partner from the European Space Agency's Sentinel 2, they're truly the workhorses of the agricultural monitoring industry. Without those two satellites, we would be in a very different place in this world.   Craig Macmillan  18:32  Right, exactly. Now, you said that your work is funded partially or all by NASA?   Katie Gold  18:37  Yes, partially.   Craig Macmillan  18:38  So partially, so what is the relationship there?   Katie Gold  18:40  So before I started with Cornell, I was hired by Cornell while I was still a graduate student, and as part of their support for my early career development, they sponsored a short postdoc for me a fellowship, they called it I got to stay with a faculty fellow feel better about myself at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where my graduate co advisor Phil Townsend had a relationship with so I spent nine months fully immersed in JPL. People think of JPL is like, you know, the rocket launchers, which they are, but they also study, you know, like some of those phase out and go out into the world. But some of the things they launched turn around and study the Earth, and they had the carbon and ecosystem cycling group there. So I was able to work with them, as well as the imaging spectroscopy group for nine months. And it completely changed my entire life just opened up the world to me about what was possible with NASA data, what was coming for potential use of NASA data. And it really changed the trajectory of my career. So I made connections, made friends got my first graduate student from JPL, that have truly defined my career path. So I work very closely with NASA, originating from that relationship, as well as I'm the pest and disease risk mitigation lead for the newly established domestic agriculture consortium called NASA Acres. So this is NASA's most recent investment in supporting domestic agriculture. Through this consortium we're funded to continue some of our research myself and my good colleague, Yu Jiang who's an engineer who builds me my robots. It's confounding our work continuously, as well as giving us the opportunity to try to expand our approach to other domains through interactions, one on one, collaborations with other researchers and importantly work with stakeholders. And this consortium, the Acres consortium is led by my colleague, Dr. Alyssa Woodcraft, based at the University of Maryland.   Craig Macmillan  20:20  Going back to some of the things that you mentioned earlier, and I think I just didn't ask the question at the time, how often does the satellite travel over any particular point on Earth?   Katie Gold  20:32  So it depends on the type of satellite design. Is it the big one satellite sort of design? Or is it constellation? Or the ISS, right? Like they think the ISS orbits every 90 minutes, something like that? So it really depends, but their satellites crossing us overhead every moment. I think at night, if you ever look up into the night sky, and you see a consistent light, just traveling across the world, not blinking. That's a satellite going overhead.   Craig Macmillan  20:59  Wow, that's amazing. Actually, are there applications for this technology on other crops?   Katie Gold  21:04  Oh, certainly. So yeah. Oh, absolutely. So the use of this technology for understanding vegetative chemistry was really trailblaze by the terrestrial ecologist, in particular, the forest ecologist because it's a, you know, it's how you study things at scale, unlike the vineyards would have nice paths between them for researchers like myself, and you know, us all to walk between forests are incredibly difficult to navigate, especially the ones in more remote locations. So for the past two decades, it really spear spearheaded and trailblaze this use, and then I work with vineyards for the most part, I'm a grape pathologist, I was hired to support the grape industry, they saw the research I was doing, they said, great, keep doing it in garpes. So I'm a reformed potato and vegetable pathologist, I like to say, but there's no reason at all why the work I'm doing isn't applicable to other crops. I just happened to be doing it in grape, and I happen to really adore working with the wine and grape industry.   Craig Macmillan  21:54  Yeah, yeah, absolutely. That, it totally makes sense. How is this translating are going to translate for growers into grower practices?   Katie Gold  22:02  That's a great question. So the idea is that by trailblazing these functionalities, eventually, we'll be able to partner with commercial industry to bring this to growers, right. We want these this utility to be adopted for management intervention. But there's only so much one academic lab alone can do and the my role in the world is to trailblaze the use cases and then to partner with private industry to bring it to the people at scale. But the hope is that, you know, I want every venue manager to be looking at aerial images of their vineyards. Every day, right? I have a vision of interactive dashboards, maps of informed risk. One day, I want to have live risk maps informed by remote sensing. And I want every vineyard manager to be as familiar with their aerial view of their vines as they are with that side view of their vines. Right. And I think we're getting there sooner than you realize we're really at the precipice of this unprecedented era of monitoring or monitoring ability, right? And I'm really excited about what it will hold for management.   Craig Macmillan  23:02  And so you must have cooperators I'm guessing.   Katie Gold  23:05  Oh, I do. Yes. I've wonderful cooperators.   Craig Macmillan  23:08  At this stage. It sounds like we're still kind of in a beta stage.   Katie Gold  23:13  Oh, yes, very much in the beta stage.   Craig Macmillan  23:15  So I'm guessing that you're looking at imagery and spotting areas that would suggest that there's some kind of a pathology problem, and then you're going on ground truthing it?   Katie Gold  23:27  So yes, and no, it's more of a testbed sort of case study. We have nine acres of pathology vineyards here at Cornell, Agrotech, and Geneva, New York. And then we do partner with cooperators. We have wonderful cooperators based out in California, as well as here in New York. But those are for more on testbed sort of thing. So we're not just monitoring vineyards, and like watching them and say, Ooh, the spot appears here. We're doing more of a case studies where we intentionally go out and ground truth, then build those links between the imagery because we're not quite there yet, in terms of having this whole thing automated, we're still building those algorithms building that functionality. Now we've established proof of concept. You know, we know this works. So we're working on the proof of practicality, right? Building robust pipelines, ones that are that are resilient to varying environmental geographic conditions, right, different crop varieties resilient to confounding abiotic stress, that one drives us nuts. So that's the stage that we're at, but our collaborators and our industry stakeholders who partner with us. Without them the sort of work I do just simply would not be possible. And I'm extremely grateful for their part.   Craig Macmillan  24:29  So what, what is next, what's next in the world of Katie Gold and in the world of hyperspectral plant pathology?   Katie Gold  24:34  What's next for me is in a week, I'm boarding an airplane to go to Europe for a jaunt. I'm giving two international keynotes at plant pathology conferences about methods but what I really see as next for me is I really want to see the tools that technologies the approach that my group is using, percolate through the domain of plant pathology. We're such a small discipline, there's only about 2000 of us Around the world, in plant pathology, and you know, there's not even 10, great pathologist in this country, I can name every single one of them if you wanted me to. And I think I've got their number and my phone, really, I strongly believe we're at the precipice of such an exciting era in plant pathology, due to the availability of these imagery, these data streams, just simply an unprecedented era. And it will be a paradigm shift in how we ask and answer questions about Plant Pathology, because for the first time, we have accessible, accurate imagery that we can use to study plant disease at the scale at which it occurs in the field in real time. So I want to see these ideas percolate through the skill sets adopted, taken up and embraced and it we're seeing that start, you know, we're seeing that start, there's really excitement in plant pathology, about the use of remote sensing about GIS and that skill set in its value to our discipline. But I'd really like to see that expand. I think I am the first ever plant pathologist to receive funding from NASA Earth Science Division. When I started at JPL, they would introduce me as a disease ecologist, because no one had ever heard of plant pathology. And my wonderful colleague at JPL, Brian Pavlik, who's a JPL technologist, when we started working together, he had never once been into a vineyard. He didn't know about Plant Pathology, he was the one that called me a disease ecologist. And recently, I heard him explain the disease triangle to someone, which is, of course, the fundamental theory of plant pathology. And I was just so proud. But it also really represented this real excitement for me this embrace this acknowledgement of the challenges we face in plant pathology in these domains that otherwise have not heard of us, right and beyond the USDA, funding from NASA, just awareness from these other organizations, excitement from engineers, AI experts about solving plant disease problems. It's truly invigorating and exciting to me. That's where I see you going next. And I'm really excited about the future.   Craig Macmillan  26:51  There was one thing that you could say to grape growers on this topic, what would it be?   Katie Gold  26:58  Oh, that's such a great question. There's so much that I want to say.   Craig Macmillan  27:01  One thing, Katie.   Katie Gold  27:04  I would say your data is valuable and to be aware of how you keep track of your data, that the keeping track of your data, keeping your data organized, keeping, just having reproducible organized workflows will enable you to make the most out of these forthcoming technologies. It will enable you to calibrate it will enable you to train these technologies to work better for you, but your data is valuable, don't give it away to just anyone and to be aware of it.   Craig Macmillan  27:33  I agree wholeheartedly. And I think that applies everything from how much time it takes to leaf an acre of ground. And how much wood you are removing when you prune to when and how much water you're applying. Data is gold.   Katie Gold  27:49   Data is gold.   Craig Macmillan  27:50  It takes time and energy.   Katie Gold  27:52  Institutional knowledge. For example, my field research manager Dave Combs has been doing this job for over 25 years, I inherited him from my predecessor, and he trained our robot how to see disease in its imagery. And the goal of our robots is not to replace the expertise like Dave, but to preserve them right to preserve that 25 years of knowledge into a format that will live beyond any of us. So I see keeping track of your data keeping track of that knowledge you have, you know, you know, in your vineyard where a disease is going to show up first, you know your problem areas, keeping track of that in an organized manner, annotating your datasets. I'm starting to adopt GIS in a way just simply like, here are my field boundaries, even simply just taking notes on your in your data sets that are timed and dated. I think it's incredibly important.   Craig Macmillan  28:38  Where can people find out more about you and your work?   Katie Gold  28:41  Well, so you can visit my Web website or I've got a public Twitter page where you can see me retweet cool things that I think are cool. I tweet a lot about NASA I tweet a lot about Greek disease. If you want to see pictures of dying grapes come to my Twitter page, as well as Cornell regularly publishes things about me.   Craig Macmillan  28:57  Fantastic.   Katie Gold  28:58  So be sure to Google Katie Gold Cornell.   Cornell that's the key. Yeah, Katie go to Cornell or you might get an unwelcome surprise.   Craig Macmillan  29:04  And we have lots of links and stuff on the show page. So listeners you can go there. I want to thank our guest today.   Unknown Speaker  29:13  Thank you so much for having me, Craig. This has been wonderful.   Craig Macmillan  29:16  Had Katie Gould, Assistant Professor of rape pathology at Cornell agritech campus of Cornell University.    Nearly Perfect Transcription by https://otter.ai

From best-selling novels like "Mexican Gothic" to blockbuster media hits like "The Last of Us," it seems like everyone is buzzing about fungi these days. Think of it as your houseplant's weirder, spongier, and creepier cousin. Fungi have a significant role in decomposition, which adds to their eerie reputation. However, they can also serve as food, a recreational drug, a source of medicine, and even a multi-story residence if you happen to be a Smurf. As we delve deeper into the world of fungi, things get even stranger. Did you know that the largest organism on Earth is a fungus? Fungi can have thousands of different genders, and they reproduce and communicate in ways that we are just starting to comprehend. Yet, there are dedicated individuals attempting to unravel these mysteries. Meet Dr. Leslie Holland, a mycologist specializing in the study of fungi. She joined the University of Wisconsin's Department of Plant Pathology in 2020, where she focuses on researching how fungal diseases impact fruit crops. With a teaching schedule that most professors can only dream of, Dr. Holland is the perfect person to demystify the fascinating world of fungi. Join me for an enlightening conversation with her as we separate fact from fiction when it comes to these remarkable organisms. Social links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/headonfirepod/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/headonfirepod TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@headonfirepod Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/headonfirepod Buy me a Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/headonfirepod Subscribe to the Head On Fire podcast Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/head-on-fire/id337689333 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4qTYYhCLMdFc4PhQmSL1Yh?si=5387b774ed6e4524 YouTube: https://youtube.com/c/HeadOnFirePod

Listen in as we engage in a riveting conversation with two remarkable experts, Dr. Megan Hall and Dr. Mizuho Nita, about sour rot, a challenging disease that can significantly impact winegrapes. Through this discussion, we gain a deeper understanding of sour rot, exploring how to identify it, why and how it occurs, and the various organisms and insects involved. Megan shares her unique insights and invaluable experience in managing sour rot in grapes. We also delve into her ground-breaking research on the disease and offer practical advice on how to prevent it in vineyards. We also discuss control strategies for sour rot disease, highlighting the importance of timely spraying before symptom development. Megan and Mizuho share their collective wisdom on the three primary contributors to sour rot. They then shed light on their research findings regarding the best combination of antimicrobial plus insecticide sprays. Additionally, Mizuho shares his expertise on alternative options to oxidate, such as bio fungicides, which could potentially reduce the impact on fermentation. As always, we ensure to wrap up the conversation by sharing valuable resources for our listeners, equipping grape growers with the knowledge needed to manage this challenging disease. In this episode, you will hear: Why and how sour rot occurs. The signs and symptoms of sour rot. The role that insects & microorganisms play in causing and spreading sour rot. What cultural practices play a role in prevention. Alternative products for preventing and treating sour rot. The importance of proper spray timing and planning to prevent resistance development from over-spraying. Follow and Review: We'd love for you to follow us if you haven't yet. Click that purple '+' in the top right corner of your Apple Podcasts app. We'd love it even more if you could drop a review or 5-star rating over on Apple Podcasts. Simply select “Ratings and Reviews” and “Write a Review” then a quick line with your favorite part of the episode. It only takes a second and it helps spread the word about the podcast. Resources: If you have questions about today's episode or other grape growing questions, use the Ask Fritz button at VineyardUndergroundPodcast.com. Access free Virtual Viticulture Academy Grower Guide videos and how-to-guides.  Or take your grape growing knowledge to the next level with an annual Virtual Viticulture Academy membership – use the code Underground to save $75 on your first year of membership. Today's Guest: Dr. Megan Hall holds a Ph.D. in Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology from Cornell University and an M.A. from York University in Sociology and Law.  Megan spent seven years on a groundbreaking research project focused on the causes of sour rot. Prior to this research, growers' tools for managing sour rot were limited because the causal organisms of the disease were unknown. Following this research, Megan served as an Assistant Research Professor and Viticulture Program Leader at the University of Missouri before joining E. & J. Gallo Winery as a Research Scientist in the Winegrowing Research division. She now works as an independent research-based scientific consultant specializing in agriculture and fermentation with Terroir Consulting Group. Connect with Megan: Email: megan@terroirconsultinggroup.com  Terroir Consulting Group: https://www.terroirconsultinggroup.com  Dr. Mizuho Nita holds both a Ph.D. and M.S. in Plant Pathology from Ohio State.  He is an Associate Professor and Extension Specialist of grape pathology at Virginia Tech's Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Winchester, VA. He also serves as a Specially Appointed Associate Professor at Shinshu University in Japan.  His academic interest is in the areas of applied plant pathology and plant disease epidemiology. His current research projects include:  Use of a biological control agent for grapevine crown gall Management of grape-ripe rot Epidemiological studies of grapevine leafroll-associated virus and its vectors  Grape disease management tool (GrapeIPM.org) Trunk diseases Organic and alternative fungicides Mizuho provides loads of helpful information and research data via his blog, including the Sour Rot Trial he mentions during the podcast. Learn more about GRAPEIPM.ORG - An online system to help you keep track of fungicide inventory, spray scheduling, share the schedule, and keep and print records of actual spray application. Connect with Mizuho: Email: nita24@vt.edu  Website: https://www.arec.vaes.vt.edu/arec/alson-h-smith/people/nita-bio.html  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GrapePathVATech  Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at https://emeraldcitypro.com Let them know we sent you.

In this episode, we connect with Dr. Sydney Glassman, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology at the University of California, Riverside. Here, she specializes in the research of mycorrhizal fungi and soil fungi and bacteria – a complex community of organisms that can regenerate ecosystems after wildfires, and even contribute to litter decomposition… Dr. Glassman wants to understand the patterns and processes that govern microbial diversity and their ecosystem functions, such as terrestrial symbioses and decomposition. What fascinating discoveries has she unearthed throughout her years of researching fungi? Tune in now to see for yourself! Offer: TRĒ House products are crafted to bring you the best that legal, delivered-to-your-door THC has to offer. TRĒ House utilizes unique blends of carefully selected minor cannabinoids that get you lit in ways you've only ever dreamed of. TRĒ House offers an array of premium, legal THC products including gummies, vapes, prerolls, and more. Head over to trehouse.com and enjoy 30% off your order AND get a free Acapulco Gold HHC preroll when you use coupon code GENIUS. This offer expires August 31, 2023. Click play to find out: How wildfires impact soil microbiomes, and how they recover after.  What the heat tolerance of soil microbes typically is.  What ash is made out of, and why certain bacteria can survive in it. You can find Dr. Glassman's website here! Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/30PvU9C