Podcasts about gssg

Have you heard of glutathione and its role in fighting free radicals? Glutathione is your body's own built-in detoxifying champion.    In this episode of Biohacking Superhuman Performance, Dr. Nayan Patel (the glutathione guy) and I discuss the details of glutathione, the most abundant molecule in the body. This molecule has amazing benefits for our healthspan and longevity when levels are healthy.   We also dive into glutathione's functions and even a few instances that may cause people to not produce glutathione as they need. This molecule is a major component in detoxing the body and preventing oxidative stress.    We also offer guidance on how to supplement glutathione and when or if you even need to supplement it and discuss Dr. Patel's easy to read book about his discoveries of glutathione.    Dr. Nayan Patel is globally regarded as the foremost go-to expert on absorbable forms of glutathione, and holds the only patent on transdermal glutathione. In addition to many other topics such as cellular function and hormone replacement, Patel is a highly sought after global authority on the critical role in that glutathione, and all other antioxidants and endogenous molecules play in the body. Along with traveling the world educating practitioners on advanced biochemistry and anti-aging science, Dr. Patel also serves as adjunct faculty at the University Of Southern California School Of Pharmacy where he is also an alumnus. To buy Dr Patel's transdermal glutathione spray go to http://Aurowellness.com/nat and use code NAT10 to save on your order.  Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible: ARMRA: Go to tryarmra.com/NAT or enter NAT to get 15% off your first order. BodyBio: Visit BodyBio.com today and get 15% on your first order with code Nathalie Inside Tracker: Use code NIDDAM to save 20% at https://www.insidetracker.com Find more from Nayan Patel:  Website: https://aurowellness.com/  Dr. Patel's Book: https://aurowellness.com/glutathione-revolution/  Instagram: @aurowellness   Find more from Nathalie: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmholC48MqRC50UffIZOMOQ Join Nat's Membership Community: https://www.natniddam.com/bsp-community Sign up for Nats Newsletter: https://landing.mailerlite.com/webforms/landing/i7d5m0 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nathalieniddam/ Website: NatNiddam.com Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/biohackingsuperhumanperformance   Work with Nat: Book Your 20 Minute Optimization Consult: https://calendly.com/nniddam/intro-call?month=2021-08   What We Discuss:  (1:00) The Glutathione Guy!  (3:42) How glutathione works in the body (12:00) Precursors for glutathione (16:00) The research behind optimizing glutathione  (19:30) Stress and its impact on glutathione levels (21:00) Autism and glutathione levels  (27:00) Diabetes and glutathione  (34:00) Glutathione and longevity (40:30) Bioavailability & different ways to increase leves of glutathione  (50:00) Patel's abdomen spray  (57:45) The aging skin benefits of glutathione  (1:09:00) Find more from Dr. Nayan Patel   Key Takeaways:   Glutathione is the most abundant molecule produced by humans. Because of this, It affects many many facets of health. Glutathione neutralizes free radicals. It soaks up the electrical charge, becomes oxidized itself, and then binds with another glutathione molecule to create a very stable molecule (GSSG molecule). It's also a powerful conjugator. It binds to chemicals in the liver to make them water soluble so you can pee out the waste. Basically, glutathione neutralizes free radicals and gets rid of toxins in the body. Some people have conjugation issues, and their bodies cannot detox because the two glutathione molecules cannot come together. This is found in many kids with autism.  Even though glutathione is the most abundant molecule in the body, some precursors are needed. Glutamic acid, glycine, and cysteine are amino acids that you can get from food, but you have to eat amino-rich foods. These three aminos come together to create glutathione. But some people have G-mutation, a defect that keeps these amino acids from getting together.  Oxidative stress is what damages DNA, causing the aging process. The more oxidative stress, the faster you age. Glutathione can help prevent that damage, and relieve the body of oxidative stress, increasing your health span.  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.28.534324v1?rss=1 Authors: Thorwald, M., Godoy-Lugo, J. A., Silva, J., Head, E., O'Day, P. A., Morgan, T. E., Forman, H. J., Finch, C. E. Abstract: The role of reactive iron in Alzheimers Disease (AD) has major gaps. Little is known of AD changes in iron transport, glutathione-mediated oxidative repair, and associations with ApoE alleles. Intravascular blood was minimized by washing minced postmortem brains. HNE from iron-associated lipid peroxidation was increased in AD prefrontal cortex by 50% for whole tissue and subcellular lipid rafts, where A{beta}-peptides are produced. Proteins mediating iron deposition and oxidative repair were extensively altered by AD. Protein oxidation was proportionate to the iron storage protein ferritin light chain (FTL); both higher in ApoE4. Loss of neurons and synapses in AD was proportionate to FTL. Iron transport was impaired with lower transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferroportin. AD decreased Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 and glutamate cysteine ligase modulator subunit (GCLM), which regulates glutathione synthesis. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for iron-associated neurodegeneration during AD through impairment of lipid peroxidation repair mechanisms involving glutathione. Graphical AbstractHypothesis: lipid peroxidation is driven by increased iron stores and decreased antioxidant defenses during AD. Schema shows proteins that mediate iron metabolism in relation to lipid peroxidation (HNE) and antioxidant defenses in prefrontal cortex. AD-associated increase (red), decrease (blue), or no change (grey) relative to cognitively normal elderly controls. A{beta}; amyloid beta, ALDH2; alcohol dehydrogenase, APP; amyloid precursor protein, DMT1; divalent metal transporter 1; FPN, ferroportin; FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain; FTL; ferritin light chain; GCLC, glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutathione cysteine ligase modulator; GPx4, glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, glutathione disulfide; GSTA4, glutathione S-transferase A4; HMOX; heme oxygenase; IRP, iron regulatory protein; LAT1, large neutral amino acid transporter 1; LOOH, Lipid hydroperoxides; Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Prdx6, peroxiredoxin 6; TF, transferrin, TfR; Transferrin receptor; xCT, cysteine-glutamate antiporter. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=174 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/534324v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1" greater than View larger version (45K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@102dea1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1665a18org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a4f3eaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@189aef5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.12.507550v1?rss=1 Authors: Dominguez-Lopez, S., Ahn, B., Sataranatarajan, K., Ranjit, R., Beckstead, M. J., Van Remmen, H. Abstract: Acute and neurotoxic regimens of METH are known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect redox homeostasis, and lead to cellular damage in dopamine neurons. However, functional changes induced by long-term METH self-administration on mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and redox homeostasis are less known. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we implanted adult mice with a jugular catheter and trained them to nose poke for METH infusions in operant chambers. After completing several weeks of METH self-administration exposure, we collected samples of the ventral striatum (vSTR) and the ventral midbrain (vMB), containing the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), respectively. We used HPLC to determine the levels of the ROS scavenger glutathione in its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. Then, we used high-resolution respirometry to determine the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondrial complexes under several substrates and inhibitors. Finally, we used in vivo single-unit extracellular recordings to assess changes in dopamine neuron firing activity in the VTA. METH self-administration produces a progressive decrease of the GSH pool in vST, which correlates with METH lifetime intake. We observed increased mitochondrial respiration across the two mesolimbic regions, but only vMB OCR correlates with METH lifetime intake. We recorded an increased number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons with decreased firing rate and burst activity in the VTA. METH lifetime intake inversely correlates with firing rate, the percentage of spikes in a burst, and directly correlates with the number of neurons per track. We conclude that METH self-administration progressively decreased the antioxidant pool in sites of higher dopamine release and produced an increased mitochondrial metabolism in the mesolimbic areas, probably derived from the increased number of dopamine neurons actively firing. However, dopamine neuron firing activity is decreased by METH self-administration, reflecting a new basal level of dopamine neurotransmission in response to the prolonged effects of METH on dopamine release and circuitry feedback. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Vax Whistleblower – Mary Hollen Anna Maria Mihalcea – D-Dimer elevation in the Unvaccinated. A Marker of Shedding? Why You Should Have Faith  Plandemic – Indoctrination    Green tea compound shows promise for treating rheumatoid arthritis Washington State University August 25, 2022 A compound found in green tea could be an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, according to the results of a new study. Green tea being poured into a cup] EGCG – a compound found in green tea – could help treat rheumatoid arthritis, new research suggests. In the journal Arthritis and Rheumatology, researchers from Washington State University (WSU) in Spokane reveal how the compound – called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) – reduced ankle swelling in a mouse model of the disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that affects the joints of the body, most commonly the joints of the hands, feet, wrists, elbows knees and ankles. In RA, the immune system mistakingly attacks the synovial tissues surrounding the joints, causing inflammation, swelling and pain. This can cause damage to the cartilage and bone. Current treatments for RA include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors. But study leader Salah-uddin Ahmed, of the WSU College of Pharmacy, notes that some of these treatments are expensive, reduce immune system activity and can be unsuitable for long-term use. In their study, Ahmed and colleagues suggest that the compound EGCG may be a promising alternative to current treatments for RA. EGCG targets key signaling protein to reduce RA inflammation EGCG is a chemical compound that belongs to a class of flavanols known as catechins. After giving EGCG to mouse models of RA for 10 days, the team noticed that treatment with the compound led to a significant reduction in ankle swelling. The researchers found that EGCG reduces the activity of TAK1 – a key signaling protein through which pro-inflammatory cytokines transmit their signals to trigger the inflammation and tissue damage found in RA. What is more, the team says that EGCG reduced inflammation in RA without interfering with other cellular functions – unlike some current medications for the disease. According to Ahmed, their study suggests the green tea compound may be highly effective against RA. Antioxidant-rich pomegranate juice may aid blood sugar management for diabetics: Human data Jordan University of Science and Technology, August 20, 2022 Daily consumption of pomegranate juice may help control blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetics, as well as improving the function of beta cells in the pancreas, say data from a human trial. Scientists from the Jordan University of Science and Technology report that pomegranate juice at a dose of 1.5 mL per kg of body weight (or 105 mL for a 70 kg human) was associated with reductions in fasting glucose levels in type-2 diabetics. “Studying the effects of pomegranate consumption (in a juice form) on the reduction of blood glucose levels in type-2 diabetes patients could lead to a dietary approach to control this disease,” they added. “Since there are many herbs and fruits that are easily available and of value in controlling this disease, this study may contribute to a better understanding and improved management of type 2 diabetes by the individual.” To investigate this, they recruited 85 people with type-2 diabetes and assigned them to receive 1.5 mL of the juice per kg of body weight. Blood sugar and insulin levels, and beta cell function were assessed three hours after ingestion. (Beta-cells are found in the pancreas and their primary function is to store and release insulin.) Results showed that pomegranate juice was associated with significantly lower fasting glucose levels (8.5 mmol/L) compared with the control participants (9.44 mmol/L). However, this result was an average for the whole cohort and about 20% of the participants did not experience this benefit. Going with the flow: Study shows canals and rivers help boost your mood King's College London, August 31, 2022 Researchers report that the combination of blue and green space with wildlife, has a greater impact on well-being than spending time in an environment that is characterized by only green space. The researchers used Urban Mind, a smartphone-based app, to collect thousands of real time audits about participants' location and mental well-being. Results from this first of its kind study showed positive associations between visits to canals and rivers and mental well-being, as well as a positive experience for feelings of safety and social inclusion relative to all other types of environments (such as indoors, or outside in an urban environment, or near green spaces). Andrea Mechelli, Professor of Early Intervention in Mental Health, King's College London, said, “Canals and rivers contain not only water but also an abundance of trees and plants, which means their capacity to improve mental well-being is likely to be due to the multiple benefits associated with both green and blue spaces. Canals and rivers also provide homes to a range of wildlife, and we know from other research that there is a positive association between encountering wildlife and mental well-being. Taken collectively, these findings provide an evidence base for what we thought about water and well-being and support the proposal that visits to canals and rivers could become part of social prescribing schemes, playing a role in supporting mental health.” The study found that visiting canals and rivers was associated with a greater improvement in mental well-being, and this relationship was still present when accounting for individual variation due to age, gender, education, ethnicity, and a diagnosis of a mental health condition. People also reported continued improvements in their mental well-being for up to 24 hours after the visit had taken place.”The powerful mix of blue, green and wildlife-rich space shows that although built for industry, repurposed canals are actually amongst our most important places of health and well-being in our towns and cities. Men, people over 65 sleep better when they have access to nature University of Illinois College of Agricultural, August 24, 2022 Men and persons age 65 and older who have access to natural surroundings, whether it's the green space of a nearby park or a sandy beach and an ocean view, report sleeping better, according to a new University of Illinois study published in Preventive Medicine. In the study, Grigsby-Toussaint worked with both U of I researchers and scientists from the New York University School of Medicine. The team used data from the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which surveyed 255,171 representative U.S. adults, to learn whether there was an association between self-reported days of insufficient sleep and access to green space. The team also used a USDA index that scores the country's geographical areas for their natural amenities, using hours of sunlight, which is important in regulating a person's circadian rhythm, and temperature. In response to the survey question about sleep quality in the last month, the researchers found that the most common answer was that respondents had slept poorly for less than one week. “Interestingly, though, across the entire sample, individuals reporting 21 to 29 days of insufficient sleep consistently had lower odds of access to green space and natural amenities compared to those reporting less than one week,” she said. For men, the relationship between sleep and exposure to green space was much stronger than for women. And males and females 65 and over found nature to be a potent sleep aid, she added. Grigsby-Toussaint noted that living near green landscapes is associated with higher levels of physical activity and that exercise in turn predicts beneficial sleep patterns. But men appeared to benefit much more from their natural surroundings. The researcher speculated that women may take less advantage of nearby natural settings out of concern for their safety, but she added that more research is needed. New study links ultra-processed foods and colorectal cancer in men Tufts University and Harvard University, August 31 ,2022 For many Americans, the convenience of pre-cooked and instant meals may make it easy to overlook the less-than-ideal nutritional information, but a team led by researchers at Tufts University and Harvard University hope that will change after recently discovering a link between the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. In a study published in the BMJ, researchers found that men who consumed high rates of ultra-processed foods were at 29% higher risk for developing colorectal cancer—the third most diagnosed cancer in the United States—than men who consumed much smaller amounts. They did not find the same association in women. “We started out thinking that colorectal cancer could be the cancer most impacted by diet compared to other cancer types,” said Lu Wang, the study's lead author and a postdoctoral fellow at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts. “Processed meats, most of which fall into the category of ultra-processed foods, are a strong risk factor for colorectal cancer. Ultra-processed foods are also high in added sugars and low in fiber, which contribute to weight gain and obesity, and obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer.” The study analyzed responses from over 200,000 participants—159,907 women and 46,341 men—across three large prospective studies which assessed dietary intakeand were conducted over more than 25 years. The analyses revealed differences in the ways that men and women consume ultra-processed foods and the prospective associated cancer risk. Out of the 206,000 participants followed for more than 25 years, the research team documented 1,294 cases of colorectal cancer among men, and 1,922 cases among women. The team found the strongest association between colorectal cancer and ultra-processed foods among men come from the meat, poultry, or fish-based, ready-to-eat products. “These products include some processed meats like sausages, bacon, ham, and fish cakes. This is consistent with our hypothesis,” Wang said. The team also found higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, like soda, fruit-based beverages, and sugary milk-based beverages, is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in men. However, not all ultra-processed foods are equally harmful with regard to colorectal cancer risk. “We found an inverse association between ultra-processed dairy foods like yogurt and colorectal cancer risk among women,” said co-senior author Fang Fang Zhang, a cancer epidemiologist and interim chair of the Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science at the Friedman School. Overall, there was not a link between ultra-processed food consumption and colorectal cancer risk among women. It's possible that the composition of the ultra-processed foods consumed by women could be different than that from men. “Foods like yogurt can potentially counteract the harmful impacts of other types of ultra-processed foods in women,” Zhang said. 8 Benefits of Pine Bark Extract for Your Brain GreenMedInfo, August 31, 2022 Our brains can be harmed by many factors such as disease, stress from the environment, physical injuries or natural aging but pine bark extract may be one key to a healthier brain Pine bark extract (PE), trade name Pycnogenol (pronounced “pig-nah-gen-all”), has many beneficial properties such as being anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective. It can help with memory, cognition, inattention, hyperactivity, mood, thinking and various symptoms of brain injuries, aging and neurological diseases. Fights Inflammation and Protects the Brain In a systematic review and meta-analysis of Pycnogenol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) — a marker of oxidative stress — researchers examined five trials including 324 participants. Pycnogenol supplementation had a significant effect in reducing CRP and demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory effect.[i] In a study of gerbils, pine bark extract was administered at 100 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) once a day for seven days before the brain was submitted to a brain ischemic injury. The PE treatment markedly inhibited the death of neurons in the brain, significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines — interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α — and showed a strong activation effect on anti-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). Pine bark protected the brain and decreased inflammation.[ii] Improves Attention, Memory, Executive Functions and Mood in Healthy People In a study over eight weeks, Pycnogenol supplementation improved sustained attention, memory, executive functions and mood ratings in 53 healthy students compared to an equivalent control group.[iii] In a trial of 60 healthy professionals from 35 to 55 years old, half of the participants supplemented with Pycnogenol of 50 mg three times a day for 12 weeks in combination with a controlled health plan — regular sleep, balanced meals and daily exercise — and the other half followed only the health plan as the control group. PE significantly improved mood by 16%, mental performance by 9%, attention by 13% and memory by 4%, and reduced oxidative stress by 30%, outperforming all results of the control group.[iv] Prevents Brain Aging and Cognitive Decline Brain aging is a complex process involving changes in the brain's structure, neuron activity and biochemical profile that has been linked to age-associated variations in cognitive function. Increased oxidative stress may also be an important factor related to reduced cognition in older people. In a systematic review of over 100 research trials and animal studies, the antioxidant Pycnogenol significantly improved cognitive function after chronic administration.[v] Improves Cognition and Stress in the Mildly Impaired or Highly Oxidative Stressed Eighty-seven healthy subjects with mild cognitive impairment scores were included in a trial with one group given standard management (SM) and the other half given Pycnogenol supplements for two months. The median increase in mild impairment scores was 18% with Pycnogenol compared to 2.48% in the SM group, largely due to its effects on oxidative stress levels.[vi] In a study of 88 healthy patients ages 55 to 70 who had high oxidative stress, half were supplemented with 100 mg per day of Pycnogenol for 12 months and the other half were the control group followed as a reference point for a year. Those in the pine bark group had significantly improved cognitive function scores, attention and mental performance and lowered oxidative stress levels compared to those in the reference group.[vii] Increases Cognitive Function and Helps Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Researchers studied 43 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who had been diagnosed at least one year before the trial. The condition was considered “mild,” with minimal progression. The standard management (SM) for PD — carbidopa/levodopa — was used in a similar-sized reference group of PD subjects for comparison purposes. The trial subjects were supplemented with Pycnogenol of 150 mg per day along with SM for a period of four weeks. Cognitive function was significantly higher with the Pycnogenol group. Target symptoms including tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia — slow or impaired movements in limbs — and speech were improved in the PE group compared to the control group. Oxidative stress was also significantly lower in the pine bark group at four weeks.[viii] Enhances Memory and Prevents Harmful Plaque and Tau Buildup in Alzheimer's Disease In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the release of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a marker. Aβ aggregates into oligomers, then plaques, which induce inflammatory responses, synapse loss and misfolding of tau, a second hallmark of AD. Accumulation of tau misfolding leads to tangles in the brain and neuron cell death impacting brain synapses in a pattern of progression closely related to cognitive decline, which can happen years before memory loss symptoms even appear.[ix] Pycnogenol significantly decreased the number of plaques in both pre-onset and post-onset treatment paradigms and improved spatial memory in the pre-onset treatment only in an AD-induced mouse model.[x] In an in vitro study of AD-induced animals, pine bark — Oligopin — prevented and halted the progression of AD preclinically by inhibiting oligomer formation of not only Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, but also tau in vitro.[xi] Reduces Inflammation and Improves Outcomes for Traumatic Brain Injuries In a scientific trial of 67 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), the intervention group received 150 mg of the PE supplement Oligopin with enteral nutrition — tube feeding through stomach or intestine — for 10 days while the control group received a placebo.[xii] Pine bark supplementation significantly decreased inflammatory biomarkers of IL-6, IL-1β and CRP compared to the control group after 10 days. In addition, pine bark reduced clinical scores for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation as well as sequential organ failure. The Nutric score — a way to measure if a patient is under-nourished and at critical risk of dying[xiii] — was reduced compared to the control group as well. Overall, the survival rate was 15% higher in the pine bark group compared to the placebo group. PE supplementation for TBI patients in ICUs reduced inflammation, improved their clinical status and malnutrition score and, thereby, reduced their mortality rate. Improves Attention, Focus, Thinking, Behavior and Antioxidant Levels in ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsivity, distractibility and hyperactivity. One of the factors associated with ADHD is oxidative stress. Pycnogenol consists of bioflavonoids, catechins, procyanidins and phenolic acids.[xiv] Pycnogenol acts as a powerful antioxidant stimulating certain enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which can defend against oxidative stress. In the pathophysiology of ADHD, damage to adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine metabolism occurs in the brain. These changes can modify attention, thinking and acting.[xv] In a trial of 43 children ages 6 to 14 with ADHD, patients were administered Pycnogenol — 1 mg per kg of body weight every day — or a placebo of look-alike pills daily for a month. The PE group had a significant decrease in GSSG and a highly significant increase in GSH levels as well as improvement of GSH/GSSG ratio in comparison to the placebo group. The total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased in children with ADHD who took pine bark, showing a normalization of TAS in ADHD children.[xvii] In a crossover study of 20 children with ADHD, participants experienced two experimental units — four weeks of pine bark supplementation with 25 or 50 mg PE and four weeks with placebo supplementation — separated by two weeks of a washout period. PE supplementation caused a significant reduction in inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity measures.

Harriet Langanke ist Chefredakteurin des Fachmagazins Dhiva, Journalistin und Sexualwissenschaftlerin. Die Dhiva gibt es schon seit 1994. Sie liegt in vielen Beratungsstellen und Arztpraxen aus. Sie ist kostenlos bei der GSSG über einen frankierten Umschlag oder im Soli-Abo erhältlich. Und ja, genau, in dem Namen „Dhiva“ verbirgt sich die Abkürzung „HIV“. Und das ist auch genauso gemeint, immerhin widmet sich das Magazin „für Frauen zu Sexualität und Gesundheit“ immer wieder ganz zentral dem Thema HIV. In dieser Folge spreche ich mit Harriet über Frauen und HIV, ein Thema, das oft zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfährt. Umso wichtiger, dass wir in dieser Folge über Fragen wie diese sprechen: - Warum wissen wir so wenig über Frauen mit HIV? - Warum erfahren betroffene Frauen weniger Unterstützung als Männer? - Wie sind die Übertragungswege und die globale Verteilung von HIV bei Frauen? - Wie finden Prävention und Schutz statt? - Wie wird ein Kondom zum Sextoy? - Was ist eigentlich ein Vaginalkondom? - Wie schützt manfrau sich mit Prep medikamentös vor HIV und woher bekommen Frauen Informationen? - Warum sind gynäkologische Praxen hier besonders gefordert? - Was verbindet Karibikurlaube, Sexarbeit und Pornodrehs mit Prep? - Welche Auswirkungen hat HIV auf Schwangerschaft und Muttersein? - Warum macht es Sinn, sich so früh wie möglich testen zu lassen? - Wie reagiert manfrau in der Begegnung mit HIV-positiven Personen? - Was haben die No Angels mit diesem Thema zu tun und warum ist es aus Sicht der Prävention gut, wenn sie wieder auftauchen? Natürlich geht es nicht nur um Frauen. Auch Männer sind von HIV betroffen oder spielen eine Rolle bei der Übertragung.

The king of the burger flippers APA joined us for Episode 13. We caught up about Barrage and their early exit in UGP and expectations going into Giant Slayer, played 90-50-10 for GSSG, talked about Aurelion Sol, expanding APA's champion pool, and improving his gameplay. Oh, and we played "Do You Know Your Champ" with Smax. Follow APA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/alwaysplanahea1 Twitch: https://twitch.tv/alwaysplanahea1 The Proving Grounds Pod is now streaming on all platforms! Catch the podcast here: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0tPeopHYF1F4jxSYaXoaPu Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/proving-grounds-pod/id1549147079 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfQRaWWzLH6CyfPSfouiwLA Stay up to date with us on our socials: Twitter: https://twitter.com/PGroundsPod Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/provinggroundspod Discord: https://discord.gg/YDccFdwxKb Smax: https://twitter.com/SmaxCasts Cubby: https://twitter.com/Cubbyxx --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Gary takes on the real issues that the mainstream media is afraid to tackle. Tune in to find out the latest about health news, healing, politics, and the economy.    L-theanine improves neurophysiologic measures of attention in dose-dependent manner University of Peradeniya (Sri Lanka), February 22, 2021 According to news reporting originating from Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,research stated, “L-theanine, a non-proteinic amino acid found in tea, is known to enhance attention particularly in high doses, with no reported adverse effects. We aimed to determine whether oral administration of L-theanine acutely enhances neurophysiological measures of selective attention in a dose-dependent manner.” Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the University of Peradeniya, “In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, 4-way crossover study in a group of 27 healthy young adults, we compared the effects of 3 doses of L-theanine (100, 200 and 400 mg) with a placebo (distilled water) on latencies of amplitudes of attentive and pre-attentive cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in an auditory stimulus discrimination task, before and 50 min after dosing. Compared to the placebo, 400 mg of theanine showed a significant reduction in the latency of the parietal P3b ERP component (p < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed with lower doses. A subsequent exploratory regression showed that each 100-mg increase in dose reduces the P3b latency by 4 ms (p < 0.05). No dose-response effect was observed in P3b amplitude, pre-attentive ERP components or reaction time. The findings indicate L-theanine can increase attentional processing of auditory information in a dose-dependent manner.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “The linear dose-response attentional effects we observed warrant further studies with higher doses of L-theanine.” This research has been peer-reviewed.   Lost your appetite? Nutmeg oil can bring it back Kyoto University (Japan), February 21 2021 Loss of appetite is treated by directly addressing its cause. However, depending on the condition it’s associated with, treatment can be expensive. But in a recent study, researchers at Kyoto University investigated a potential treatment for loss of appetite that’s both inexpensive and easy to administer. Myristica fragrans, from which this natural medicine is derived, is an evergreen tree native to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, of Indonesia. The seeds of this exotic plant are the main source of two popular culinary spices, namely, nutmeg and mace. According to previous studies, the oil derived from the fruits and seeds of the nutmeg tree has appetite-enhancing properties. Nutmeg oil is also traditionally used to treat digestive issues, such as bloating, gastrointestinal distress and decreased appetite. The researchers explored the beneficial properties and active components of nutmeg oil in an article published in the Journal of Natural Medicines. Nutmeg oil shows appetite-enhancing effects in vivo The spice known as nutmeg is popular for its warm, nutty flavor that goes well with sweet and savory dishes. It is widely used today in the culinary world and can be found in almost every kitchen around the world. In Asian countries, nutmeg is not only used as an ingredient, but it also has a long history of use as herbal medicine that can improve a person’s appetite. (Related: Nutmeg exhibits powerful anti-diabetes properties, concludes study.) According to previous studies, nutmeg oil contains two active phytochemicals, myristicin and methyl eugenol. Myristicin is also present in parsley, black pepper, carrots and dill, and is said to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-cholinergic and hepatoprotective properties. Methyl eugenol, meanwhile, is a compound present in various essential oils. It has been reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. In one animal study, researchers found that inhalation of myristicin and methyl eugenol increased the appetite mice. Because of this, the two compounds have attracted the attention of healthcare professionals who care for older people with dementia. Loss of appetite is not unusual for these patients since they tend to suffer from hypophagia, or a reduction in food intake and feeding behavior. Hypophagia, if left unaddressed, leads to frailty, and patients end up bedridden. Hence, inexpensive appetite-enhancing agents that are easy to administer are particularly desirable. In their study, the Japanese researchers found that inhalation of nutmeg oil, myristicin and methyl eugenol produced appetite-enhancing effects in mice. However, only methyl eugenol exerted both appetite-enhancing and locomotor-reducing effects at the same dose. According to a previous study, benzylacetone, an attractant compound found abundantly in flowers, also exerted the same effects at the same dose, and even increased the bodyweight of mice significantly. Methyl eugenol, however, did not have the same effect on body weight because the mice experienced olfactory habituation — reduced behavioral response due to repeated exposure — after several inhalations. The researchers believe that their study provides crucial information for identifying suitable compounds that can be used for the long-term treatment of appetite loss.   Case Study Shows Cannabis Led To Remarkable Improvement In Childhood Autism Symptoms Caleo Health Clinic (Canada) and Alberta Children's Hospital, February 21, 2021 An extremely promising case study was recently published in the Journal of Medical Case Reports illustrating the positive effects of cannabis extract and its association with improved autism related behavioral symptoms. According to the authors, “the pharmacological treatment for autism spectrum disorders is often poorly tolerated and has traditionally targeted associated conditions, with limited benefit for the core social deficits. We describe the novel use of a cannabidiol-based extract that incidentally improved core social deficits and overall functioning in a patient with autism spectrum disorder, at a lower dose than has been previously reported in autism spectrum disorder.” The case study focused on a child with autism who was switching out prescription seizure medicine for his epilepsy with a very low cannabidiol-based extract dose. The study found that not only did the cannabidiol extract help with his seizures, but he also “experienced unanticipated positive effects on behavioral symptoms and core social deficits,” according to the study. Researchers pointed out that to modify disruptive behaviors and improve social communication skills, often times children with autism are prescribed psychopharmacologic medications that target specific ASD core behaviors (for example, repetitive behaviors) and associated behaviors (for example, hyperactivity, aggression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances), but do not treat core social communication deficits. They explain that these medications are known for producing “substantial side effects.” For example, aripiprazole and risperidone, the only two medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat irritability and agitation in ASD, frequently cause somnolence, increased appetite, and weight gain. These factors have led to families seeking alternative treatments outside of the psychopharmacologic realm. One of the newest forms of these alternative medicines is cannabidiol-based extract. Researchers reported that the patient’s symptoms improved within six-months of treatment, and that he has maintained “positive effects on his behavioral symptoms, anxiety, sleep, and social deficits” since that time. The results of CBE treatments, according to the case study, were nothing short of remarkable. He became more motivated and energetic, starting his own vegetarian diet and exercise programs, ultimately losing 6.4 kg after starting CBE for a calculated BMI of 21.33 kg/m2. He was able to start his first part-time job helping customers and interacting with them. He was instructed to fill out the self-administered Adult AQ which resulted in a normal score of 10. His mother stated he now also has a girlfriend. “This case report provides evidence that a lower than previously reported dose of a phytocannabinoid in the form of a cannabidiol-based extract may be capable of aiding in autism spectrum disorder-related behavioral symptoms, core social communication abilities, and comorbid anxiety, sleep difficulties, and weight control,” authors concluded. “Further research is needed to elucidate the clinical role and underlying biological mechanisms of action of cannabidiol-based extract in patients with autism spectrum disorder.” According to a report in Norml, these finding back up previous research published last year by investigators at Tufts University in Boston who similarly reported that the oral administration of cannabis-based products is associated with improvements in autistic symptoms in patients with self-injurious behaviors and co-morbid epilepsy, Several small clinical trials – such as those reported here, here, here, and here – have also previously reported that plant-derived cannabis extracts are effective and well-tolerated in mitigating various symptoms in patients with ASD, including hyperactivity, seizures, anxiety, and rage attacks.   High Homocysteine Levels May Increase Risk Of Heart Attack, Stroke, & Alzheimer’s Disease Temple University, February 14, 2021 There is a strong need for increased awareness, better prevention, detection, and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with well over 5 million Americans currently suffering from this debilitating brain-wasting disease, and this number is projected to triple over the next few decades Research has found a link between Alzheimer’s disease and elevated levels of homocysteine. A recent study from Temple University has revealed another important connection between specific vitamin deficiencies and high homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine can increase the risk of dementia up to tenfold, and the list of ways this can affect the brain is long and damaging. This can include but is not limited to the formation of plaque in blood vessels that supply blood to the brain, development of chronic inflammation in the brain, and shrinkage of areas in the brain associated with memory. Additionally, excess homocysteine promotes the neurofibrillary tau tangles and harmful beta-amyloid plaques that are associated with AD, and it can interfere with the DNA repair process needed for brain cell maintenance. The harmful effects of elevated levels of homocysteine can all take a toll on brain function. For example, a study published in the Annals of Neuroscience found that elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with a 4.2-10.5 fold increased risk for vascular dementia, and the higher homocysteine rises the more damage it can cause. The study reported elevations in homocysteine were found to correspond closely to the degrees of cognitive impairment experienced by the participants. A report published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease classified elevated homocysteine as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and cognitive decline. The researchers noted that the risk from elevated homocysteine was modifiable, meaning that reducing these levels could help to reduce the risk of brain damage. The recent study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry describes the dangers of B-complex vitamin shortfalls in relation to homocysteine which is produced in the body in response to the breakdown of proteins and is normally detoxified by B-complex vitamins. Mice were deprived of vitamins B6, B9, and B12 for eight months, the animals were found to display elevated levels of homocysteine and 50% more tau tangles in the brain. The increased levels also caused increased levels of the pro-inflammatory chemical 5-LOX. The animals also displayed considerable difficulty with learning and remembering a water maze compared to the control group. The brain is not the only thing affected by high levels of homocysteine, this condition can also cause harm to the cardiovascular system including but not limited to damaging the lining of blood vessels, promoting deposits of plaque in the arteries that can cause a clog and increases the risk of heart attack or stroke. Research has shown that high levels of homocysteine is linked to a 42% increase in the risk of constricted carotid arteries which is a major risk factor for strokes. Elevated levels of homocysteine and poor arterial function can combine to interfere with the ability of the body to counter dangerous clotting inside of the arteries as well as with the ability of the heart to adapt to a blocked vessel by creating a new pathway. Elevated levels of homocysteine are dangerous to those with existing cardiovascular disease. A study involving over 3,000 participants with chronic heart disease found that elevated levels were associated with a 2.5 fold increased risk for coronary events. The researchers discovered a formula for measuring the risk, and suggested that every additional 5 micromoles per liter of homocysteine results in a 25% risk increase. As a product of less efficient detoxification functions levels of homocysteine tends to increase with aging. Genetics, stress, and the use of prescription drugs can also affect homocysteine levels. Experts suggest that a shortage in vitamins B2, B6, B9, and B12 that normally detoxify the amino acid are often the reason behind increasing levels of homocysteine. If you are concerned about your levels of homocysteine, or vitamin levels consult with your physician or certified medical professionals who may be able to address your concerns with a simple blood test. If you have reached or are approaching elderhood, with degenerative chronic conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and heart disease on the rise it may be better to err on the side of caution and get checked rather than guess. Experts suggest that B complex vitamins are involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood. These vitamins can be supplemented, but it is always best to obtain them via natural sources such as is found in eating a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. For example, vitamin B9 can be obtained in leafy greens and lentils; and B6 can be obtained in potatoes, chickpeas, and bananas; while B12 can be obtained in dairy products and organ meats.   For breakthroughs in slowing aging, scientists must look beyond biology University of Southern California, February 22, 2021 A trio of recent studies highlight the need to incorporate behavioral and social science alongside the study of biological mechanisms in order to slow aging. The three papers, published in concert in Ageing Research Reviews, emphasized how behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. This means they are causal drivers of biological aging. In fact, the influence of behavioral and social factors on how fast people age are large and meaningful. However, geroscience--the study of how to slow biological aging to extend healthspan and longevity--has traditionally not incorporated behavioral or social science research. These papers are by three pioneers in aging research and members of the National Academy of Medicine who study different aspects of the intersection of biology and social factors in shaping healthy aging through the lifespan. Improving translation of aging research from mice to humans Exciting biological discoveries about rate of aging in non-human species are sometimes not applicable or lost when we apply them to humans. Including behavioral and social research can support translation of geroscience findings from animal models to benefit humans, said Terrie Moffitt, the Nannerl O. Keohane University Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. "The move from slowing fundamental processes of aging in laboratory animals to slowing aging in humans will not be as simple as prescribing a pill and watching it work," Moffitt said. "Compared to aging in laboratory animals, human aging has many behavioral/social in addition to cellular origins and influences. These influences include potential intervention targets that are uniquely human, and therefore are not easily investigated in animal research." Several of these human factors have big impacts on health and mortality: stress and early life adversity, psychiatric history, personality traits, intelligence, loneliness and social connection, and purpose in life are connected to a variety of late-life health outcomes, she explained. These important factors need to be taken into account to get a meaningful prediction of human biological aging. "Geroscience can be augmented through collaboration with behavioral and social science to accomplish translation from animal models to humans, and improve the design of clinical trials of anti-aging therapies," Moffitt said. "It's vital that geroscience advances be delivered to everyone, not just the well-to-do, because individuals who experience low education, low incomes, adverse early-life experiences, and prejudice are the people who age fastest and die youngest." Social factors associated with poor aging outcomes "Social hallmarks of aging" can be strongly predictive of age-related health outcomes - in many cases, even more so than biological factors, said USC University Professor and AARP Chair in Gerontology Eileen Crimmins. While the aging field commonly discusses the biological hallmarks of aging, we don't tend to include the social and behavioral factors that lead to premature aging. Crimmins has called the main five factors below "the Social Hallmarks of aging" and poses that these should not be ignored in any sample of humans and the concepts should be incorporated where possible into non-human studies. Crimmins examined data that was collected in 2016 from the Health and Retirement Study, a large, nationally representative study of Americans over the age of 56 that incorporates both surveys regarding social factors and biological measurements, including a blood sample for genetic analysis. For the study, she focused the five social hallmarks for poor health outcomes: low lifetime socioeconomic status, including lower levels of education adversity in childhood and adulthood, including trauma and other hardships being a member of a minority group adverse health behaviors, including smoking, obesity and problem drinking adverse psychological states, such as depression, negative psychological outlook and chronic stress The presence of these five factors were strongly associated with older adults having difficulty with activities of daily living, experiencing problems with cognition, and multimorbidity (having five or more diseases). Even when controlling for biological measurements - including blood pressure, genetic risk factors, mitochondrial DNA copy number and more - the social differences, as well as demographic factors such as age and gender, explained most of the differences in aging outcomes between study subjects, she said. However, biological and social factors aren't completely independent from one another, Crimmins added, which is why she advocates for further incorporation of social and behavioral factors in aging biology research. "Variability in human aging is strongly related to the social determinants of aging; and it remains so when extensive biology is introduced as mediating factors. This means that the social variability in the aging process is only partly explained by the biological measures researchers currently use," she said. "Our hypothesis is that if we could fully capture the basic biological mechanisms of aging, they would even more strongly explain the social variability in the process of aging, as social factors need to 'get under the skin' through biology." Understanding stress and stress resilience Elissa Epel, professor and vice chair in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at UC San Francisco, detailed how research on stress and resilience needs to incorporate psychosocial factors in order to understand how different kinds of stress affect aging. Not all types of stress are equal and in fact some are salutary. The social hallmarks of aging can shape the rate of aging in part through toxic stress responses, she said. While acute responses to minor or moderate stressors, including infection or injury, is critical to survival, chronic exposure to high amounts of stress--including long-term psychological stressors such as abuse--can prove toxic and result in poor health outcomes. "Brief, intermittent, low-dose stressors can lead to positive biological responses, improving resistance to damage, which is called hormesis," Epel explained. For example, physiological hormetic stressors include short term exposure to cold, heat, exercise, or hypoxia. Hormetic stress turns on mechanisms of cell repair and rejuvenation. "In contrast, a high dose of a chronic exposure can override these mechanisms, resulting in damage or death," she added. Thus, toxic stress can accelerate biological aging processes, whereas hormetic stress can slow aging. However, the types, timing, and frequency of hormetic stress need to be better delineated in order to be useful to human aging research and interventions, Epel said. "Stress resilience, an umbrella term including hormetic stress, can be measured across cellular, physiological, and psychosocial functioning," she said. "Developing a deeper understanding of stress resilience will lead to more targeted innovative interventions." Stress resilience can also include social interventions that protect from the malleable social hallmarks of aging, including safe neighborhoods to reduce trauma and violence, and social support programs to combat loneliness and depression. Geroscience is now more important than ever, both to our aging global demography but also to the health challenges we face going forward, and stress resilience is an especially important topic at the moment, Epel added. "In our new era, we have dramatically increasing temperature extremes, wildfires and small particle pollution, and new zoonotic viruses to contend with intermittently," she said. "Reducing social disparities, improving stress resilience and bolstering immune function have become critical public health goals." In sum, the three papers together point to a promising decade ahead for aging research. Humans, as complex social mammals, age together in response to social conditions and behavioral factors that are partly malleable. Epel explains "As we discover and test biological processes of aging that we can manipulate, we can do this in tandem with capitalizing on the natural levers of healthy aging that are powerful, interactive, and cannot be ignored. In this way, the fountain of youth becomes more attainable."   Up to 10 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may prevent 7.8 million premature deaths Imperial College London, February 22, 2021 A fruit and vegetable intake above five-a-day shows major benefit in reducing the chance of heart attack, stroke, cancer and early death. This is the finding of new research, led by scientists from Imperial College London, which analysed 95 studies on fruit and vegetable intake. The team found that although even the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables a day reduced disease risk, the greatest benefit came from eating 800g a day (roughly equivalent to ten portions - one portion of fruit or vegetables if defined as 80g). The study, which was a meta-analysis of all available research in populations worldwide, included up to 2 million people, and assessed up to 43,000 cases of heart disease, 47,000 cases of stroke, 81,000 cases of cardiovascular disease, 112,000 cancer cases and 94,000 deaths. In the research, which is published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, the team estimate approximately 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide could be potentially prevented every year if people ate 10 portions, or 800 g, of fruit and vegetables a day. The team also analysed which types of fruit and vegetables provided the greatest protection against disease. Dr Dagfinn Aune, lead author of the research from the School of Public Health at Imperial explained: "We wanted to investigate how much fruit and vegetables you need to eat to gain the maximum protection against disease, and premature death. Our results suggest that although five portions of fruit and vegetables is good, ten a day is even better." The results revealed that even a daily intake of 200g was associated with a 16 per cent reduced risk of heart disease, an 18 per cent reduced risk of stroke, and a 13 per cent reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. This amount, which is equivalent to two and a half portions, was also associated with 4 per cent reduced risk in cancer risk, and 15 per cent reduction in the risk of premature death. Further benefits were observed with higher intakes. Eating up to 800g fruit and vegetables a day - or 10 portions - was associated with a 24 per cent reduced risk of heart disease, a 33 per cent reduced risk of stroke, a 28 per cent reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a 13 per cent reduced risk of total cancer, and a 31 per cent reduction in dying prematurely. This risk was calculated in comparison to not eating any fruit and vegetables. The team were not able to investigate intakes greater than 800 g a day, as this was the high end of the range across studies. An 80g portion of fruit and vegetables equals approximately one small banana, apple, pear or large mandarin. Three heaped tablespoons of cooked vegetables such as spinach, peas, broccoli or cauliflower count as a portion. The researchers also examined the types of fruit and vegetables that may reduce the risk of specific diseases. They found the following fruits and vegetables may help prevent heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and early death: apples and pears, citrus fruits, salads and green leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce and chicory, and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. They also found the following may reduce cancer risk: green vegetables, such as spinach or green beans, yellow vegetables, such as peppers and carrots, and cruciferous vegetables. Similar associations were observed for raw and cooked vegetables in relation to early death, however, additional studies are needed on specific types of fruits and vegetables and preparation methods. The team say the number of studies was more limited for these analyses, and the possibility that other specific fruits and vegetables may also reduce risk cannot be excluded. Dr Aune said that several potential mechanisms could explain why fruit and vegetables have such profound health benefits: "Fruit and vegetables have been shown to reduce cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and to boost the health of our blood vessels and immune system. This may be due to the complex network of nutrients they hold. For instance they contain many antioxidants, which may reduce DNA damage, and lead to a reduction in cancer risk." He added that compounds called glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, activate enzymes that may help prevent cancer. Furthermore fruit and vegetables may also have a beneficial effect on the naturally-occurring bacteria in our gut. The vast array of beneficial compounds cannot be easily replicated in a pill, he said: "Most likely it is the whole package of beneficial nutrients you obtain by eating fruits and vegetables that is crucial is health. This is why it is important to eat whole plant foods to get the benefit, instead of taking antioxidant or vitamin supplements (which have not been shown to reduce disease risk)." In the analysis, the team took into account other factors, such as a person's weight, smoking, physical activity levels, and overall diet, but still found that fruit and vegetables were beneficial. Dr Aune added: "We need further research into the effects of specific types of fruits and vegetables and preparation methods of fruit and vegetables. We also need more research on the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake with causes of death other than cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, it is clear from this work that a high intake of fruit and vegetables hold tremendous healthbenefits, and we should try to increase their intake in our diet."   Alpha-lipoic acid an effective antioxidant for healthy adult dogs Hills Pet Nutrition Research, February 19, 2021 According to news reporting originating from the Hill’s Pet Nutrition research stated, “This study was designed to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the glutathione status in healthy adult dogs.” Our news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Hill’s Pet Nutrition: “Following a 15 month baseline period during which dogs were fed a food containing no alpha-lipoic acid, dogs were randomly allocated into four groups. Groups were then fed a nutritionally complete and balanced food with either 0, 75, 150 or 300 ppm of alpha-lipoic acid added for 6 months. Evaluations included physical examination, body weight, food intake, hematology, serum biochemistry profile and measurements of glutathione in plasma and erythrocyte lysates. Throughout, blood parameters remained within reference ranges, dogs were healthy and body weight did not change significantly. A significant increase of 0.05 ng/mL of total glutathione in red blood cell (RBC) lysate for each 1 mg/kg bodyweight/day increase in a-LA intake was observed. In addition, a significant increase was observed for GSH, GSSG and total glutathione in RBC lysate at Month 6.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “We conclude that alpha-lipoic acid, as part of a complete and balanced food, was associated with increasing glutathione activity in healthy adult dogs.”

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.062380v1?rss=1 Authors: El Kodsi, D. N., Tokarew, J. M., Sengupta, R., Lengacher, N. A., Ng, A. C., Boston, H., Jiang, Q., Palmberg, C., Pileggi, C., Shutinoski, B., Li, J., Nguyen, A. P., Fehr, T. K., Im, D. S., Callaghan, S., Park, D. S., LaVoie, M. J., Chan, J. A., Takanashi, M., Hattori, N., Ratan, R. R., Zecca, L., Puente, L., Shaw, G. S., Harper, M.-E., Holmgren, A., Tomlinson, J. J., Schlossmacher, M. G. Abstract: We recently hypothesized that parkin plays a role in redox homeostasis and provided evidence that it directly reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. Here, we examined this anti-oxidant activity in vivo. Informed by findings in human brain, we demonstrate that elevated oxidative stress promotes parkin insolubility in mice. In normal mouse brain parkin was partially oxidized, e.g., at cysteines 195 and 252, which was augmented by oxidative stress. Although under basal conditions H2O2 levels were unchanged in adult prkn-/- brain, a parkin-dependent reduction of cytosolic H2O2 was observed when mitochondria were impaired, either due to neurotoxicant exposure (MPTP) or Sod2 haploinsufficiency. In accordance, markers of oxidative stress, e.g., protein carbonylation and nitrotyrosination, were elevated in the cytosol but not in mitochondria from prkn-/- mice. This rise in oxidative stress was associated with altered glutathione homeostasis. In parkin's absence reduced glutathione concentrations were increased in cells, murine brain and human cortex. This compensation was not due to new glutathione synthesis but attributed to elevated oxidized glutathione (GSSG)-reductase activity. Moreover, we discovered that parkin also recycled GSSG to its reduced form. With this reaction, parkin became S-glutathionylated, e.g., at cysteines 59 and human-specific 95. This oxidative modification was reversed by glutaredoxin. Our results demonstrate that cytosolic parkin mediates anti-oxidant reactions including H2O2 reduction and glutathione regeneration. These reducing activities lead to a range of oxidative modifications in parkin itself. In parkin-deficient brain oxidative stress rises despite changes to maintain redox balance. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Glutathione is often referred to as "the body's master antioxidant." But that description doesn't do justice to the importance of glutathione and how it affects your health and longevity. In this article, I'll address the following. To jump to a specific section, click on the link. Article Shortcuts What is Glutathione?What Does Glutathione Do?What Causes Low Glutathione?How To Raise GlutathioneGlutathione SupplementationSummary What Is Glutathione? Glutathione is tripeptide made from the amino acids cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. A tripeptide is a compound made with three amino acids. Peptides and proteins are similar in that they're both made of amino acids. However, proteins are much, much larger. It's like the difference between our grandson's half-ounce Tonka Tiny dump truck, and a 700,000 pound Caterpillar dump truck. All three amino acids - cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid - are necessary to build glutathione. But cysteine is the rate-limiting amino acid, meaning that if you're supply of cysteine is low, your glutathione levels will fall. Glutathione is found in two forms in the body: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG). Oxidized glutathione is made from two reduced GSHs bonded together by sulfur atoms. Not surprisingly, this makes sulfur another key component of glutathione function. Sulfur is the third-most abundant mineral in the body. If you recall from Do Detox Diets Work, sulfur plays a critical role in detoxification. No sulfur, no GSSG. Healthy cells contain about 100 times as much GSH as GSSG. However, under significant oxidative stress, the ratio of GSH:GSSG can drop from 100:1 to 10:1 or even 1:1. What Does Glutathione Do? Glutathione plays a number of important roles in maintaining health, many of which are still being discovered. Detoxification Glutathione protects the body from heavy metals, and toxins like alcohol and persistent organic pollutants. It also helps transport mercury out of cells and out of the brain. If you have mercury-filled fillings, which can leach mercury into your body, you will use glutathione as part of Phase I detoxification to remove it. Though glutathione can help remove many of these toxins, if your demand for glutathione exceeds supply, you may not have enough for other roles it plays in the body. Combats Free Radicals Glutathione acts as an antioxidant. It also helps regenerate the antioxidants vitamins C and E. In fact, lower GSH levels are thought to be one of the main causes of the acceleration of degenerative diseases. When glutathione isn't available to squelch free radicals, free radicals spread faster and inflict greater damage. I think of it like a California wildfire. As long as there's enough nearby water and other stuff to stop a fire, you can end the blaze it before it does much damage. But, if all the water was being used to water homes in Las Vegas, there won't be enough flowing to California to stop the blaze. In your body, if you need to squelch the free radicals caused by your elevated blood sugar, but you're using up most of your glutathione to deal with heavy metals you're unknowingly consuming in your "greens drink," three scenarios could play out. You handle the heavy metals, but don't deal with the free radicals caused by your high blood sugarYou deal with the free radicals from the high blood sugar, but don't handle the heavy metalsYou do a mediocre job at handling both, and they both cause long-term damage By the way, I'm trying to simplify this as much as possible so you understand the concept, rather than leave your bored by writing about "the reduction of disulfides, hydroperoxides, sulfenic acids, and nitrosothiols, the detoxification of aldehydes, xenobiotics, and heavy metals, and the synthesis of eicosanoids, steroids, and iron–sulfur clusters." (Deponte M) Enhances Skin Health As an antioxidant, glutathione protects the skin from the damage of ultraviolet li...

Glutathione is central to recovery from exercise, feeling good, looking good, aging gracefully, and preventing or overcoming both infectious diseases and chronic degenerative diseases. Episode 31 covers everything you need to know about why and how to manage your glutathione status. This episode is brought to you by Kettle and Fire Bone Broth. Use the link kettleandfire.com/chris to get $10 off your first order. This episode is also brought to you by US Wellness Meats. Head to grasslandbeef.com and enter "Chris" at checkout to get 15% off your order as long as the final price is over $75 and you order fewer than 40 pounds of meat. You can use "Chris" to get the same discount twice. In this episode, you will find all of the following and more: 00:35 Cliff Notes; 10:45  Introducing my new health and wellness packages; 13:25 The health benefits of glutathione: master antioxidant, central to liver detoxification and the defense against glycation, master controller of hundreds of proteins, mucus fluidity, bronchodilation, anti-aging, protection against diabetes and its complications including cataracts and cardiovascular disease, protection against Hashimoto's thyroiditis and other thyroid disorders, protection against infectious diseases by supporting the immune system's respiratory (oxidative) burst, protection against congestion, COPD, asthma, and other lung problems; 25:15 How to measure glutathione status, the importance of measuring it in both is reduced (GSH) and oxidized disulfide (GSSG) forms, and using those to calculate your redox status using my glutathione redox status calculator; 30:28 The synthesis, recycling, and regulation of glutathione; 37:00      Practical strategies to improve glutathione status: protein, vitamin B6, carbohydrate, whey protein and raw milk, bone broth and collagen, magnesium, metabolic rate (ATP), polyphenols (e.g. EGCG and other green tea catechins) and other phytonutrients (e.g. sulforaphane) as Nrf2 inducers, glutathione in foods, N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione supplements, insulin and insulin resistance, MTHFR mutations, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin, why Jarrow oral glutathione is my current choice of supplement 1:04:24      Tying it all together.

Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre sind protektive Wirkungen von Tacrolimus auf Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden der Leber bekannt. Die in bisherigen experimentellen Arbeiten beschriebene Spenderpräkonditionierung erscheint jedoch wegen potenzieller Nebenwirkungen klinisch nicht umsetzbar. Eine amerikanische Arbeitsgruppe konnte dabei in einer klinischen Pilot-Studie zeigen, dass die Spülung humaner Lebern mit Tacrolimus (20ng/ml) vor Implantation zu einer signifikanten Reduktion von Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden nach Lebertransplantation führte. Unsere Arbeitsgruppe hat umfangreiche Untersuchungen mit Glutathion als Therapeutikum von Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden nach warmer und kalter Ischämie durchgeführt. Gleichzeitig scheint, dass intrazelluläres Glutathion bei Anwesenheit hoher Konzentrationen von ROS über die Induktion von Radikalkettenreaktionen beziehungsweise die Thiolierung anderer Proteine selbst als Mediator von Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden fungieren kann. In Vorarbeiten untersuchten wir die Wirkung von Tacrolimus im isoliert-perfundierten Modell der Rattenleber. Die Vorbehandlung mit Tacrolimus bewirkte bei Zufuhr von H2O2 eine Verringerung des ROS-induzierten zellulären Schadens, ausgedrückt in einer dosisabhängigen, signifikanten Verringerung des LDH-Efflux. Als Ursache hierfür wird eine verminderte intrazelluläre Akkumulation von zytotoxischem GSSG diskutiert, das nach Tacrolimus-Gabe vermehrt in Galle und Blut freigesetzt wurde, während die Aktivität der an Bildung und Abbau von GSH/GSSG beteiligten Enzyme Katalase, GSH-Peroxidase und GSSG-Reduktase unverändert war. Dieser Effekt konnte durch Gabe des p38 MAPK Inhibitors SB203580 imitiert werden. Wir übertrugen daraufhin das Konzept der Tacrolimus-Rinse in das Modell der arterialisierten, orthotopen Lebertransplantation an der Ratte. Die Spülung der Leber (20ml) mit Tacrolimus unmittelbar vor Implantation in den Empfängerorganismus führte zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Ischämie-Reperfusionsschadens, gemessen in Transaminasen, LDH sowie Gallefluss. Das höchste Ausmass an Zytoprotektion wurde durch eine Tacrolimus-Konzentration von 10 ng/ml erreicht, wobei die protektive Wirkung der Tacrolimus-Rinse in der 10 ng-Gruppe stärker ausgeprägt war als in der 50 ng-Gruppe. Die Ursachen für diese inverse Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung sind unklar, zumal keine statistische Signifikanz zwischen den beiden Gruppen besteht. Außerdem fehlen bislang systematische Untersuchungen zur optimalen Tacrolimus-Dosis in dieser Versuchsanordnung. Als Wirkmechanismus der Tacrolimus-Rinse postulieren wir - aufbauend auf Voruntersuchungen im isoliert perfundierten Modell und den erhobenen in-vivo-Daten - Veränderungen der zellulären Glutathionhomöostase: Hepatozyten setzten im Modell der Lebertransplantation nach Tacrolimus-Rinse vermehrt zytotoxisches GSSG in Blut und Galle frei, wodurch ROS-vermittelte Zellschäden während der Reperfusion minimiert werden. Zusammenfassend kann aufgrund der bisherigen Untersuchungen gezeigt werden, dass die Tacrolimus-Rinse eine neue und klinisch praktikable Therapieoption von Ischämie-Reperfusionsschäden der Leber darstellen könnte.

Thu, 11 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8136/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8136/1/Loupatatzis_Barbara.pdf Loupatatzis, Barbara ddc:600, ddc:610

Strong physical exertion causes an increased production of oxygen radicals in humans as well as in animals. The maximum training of race horses also causes a strong oxidative stress. The protection of the organism could be improved by the diatary intake of antioxidants and therefore oxidative stress is reduced. The aim of this study was to prove the hypothesis that through the oral supplement of the aminoacid L-glutamine, the intra-cellular concentration of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) could be increased and the result is less oxidative stress. Glutamine serves as a substrate for glutathione-synthesis, the most important intra-cellular antioxidative system and has numerous other metabolic functions. In order to examine the protective effects of glutamine on the antioxidant status, steeple chase horses at peak training levels which are under extreme physical exertion were given a supplement of the aminoacid L-glutamine in their food. The examination were focused on an intensive training programme on the grass track on a 3000-metres distance with horses ridden at high speed and over hurdles. The horses were devided into a glutamine supplemented group (G, 20 g/100Kg for a duration of four days before and on the actual day of training) and a control group (K). The process of Glutamine concentration within the serum was defined. The parameters for observation of the antioxidant status (GSH and GSSG, TEAC, Vitamine C, Vitamine E,) and for tissue damage of liver and muscles as well as possible side effects (activities of enzymes: CK, LDH, AST, GLDH; other clinical parmeters: lactate, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total proteins and hemogram) were determined. Four blood samples were taken from each horse within a certain period ie.: Pre-samples four days before the next grass track training (vw), samples shortly before (vT) and after (nT1) and finally 20 houres after exercise (nT2). The following results have been identified: All glutamine-supplementation was well tolerated without recognizable side effects neither in behaviour nor in hemogram. Through the supplementation of glutamine, significant increase of glutamine in the blood of the G-group was identified and therefore an increased glutamine availability for GSH-synthesis was evident (G vw: 400 ± 54µmol/l; G vT: 600 ± 80µmol/l). The parameters concerning tissue damage, like the medium activities of GLDH and LDH as well as medium concentrations of creatinine after training were higher (statistically insignificant) while the level of lactate, was as anticipated, increased. The other measured parameters (urea, total proteine, AST) were not effected by glutamine supplementation. The parameters for the observation of the antioxidative status showed higher GSH (KnT1: 803 ± 182µmol/l; GnT1: 891 ± 277µmol/l) and lower medium GSSG concentrations (K nT1: 116 ± 79µmol/l; G nT1: 101 ± 65mmol/l) in the glutamine-supplemented group. Also the values of medium TEAC (K nT1: 0,290 ± 0,048 mmol/l; G nT1: 0,321 ±0,026 mmol/l) and medium Vitamine C concentrations (K nT2: 11,23 ± 5,53µmol/l; G nT2: 13,46 ± 2,99µmol/l) were higher in the glutamine group. Even though the differences are not statistically significant, the plurality of the expected changes of the single parameters of the antioxidative status support the hypothesis of the increased GSH synthesis due to glutamine supplementation. Of practical relevance were the results of creatine kinase (CK, K nT1: 5559 ± 2484 nkat/l; G nT1: 3622 ± 627 nkat/l) which showed a significant reduction in the glutamine-supplemented group which could prove a decrease in the muscle tissue damage. It would be interesting to test the effects of glutamine in a larger number of horses under maximal exertion such as a racing situation followed by regeneration phase because this could prove the actual effects of glutamine.