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Support the show:https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_USBuy Grow kit: https://modernmushroomcultivation.com/This Band willl Blow your Mind! Codex Serafini: https://codexserafini.bandcamp.com/album/the-imprecation-of-animaThey bottled dreams and sold illusions.He grew gods in basements.While the world slept on the soil, he listened to its spores.He is the rebel scientist, the culture shifter, the underground alchemist.A pioneer not just of mushrooms—but of meaning.Doma, creator of TidalWave Cubensis, architect of Magic Myco and MycoCoil™,is the visionary behind The Cultivar Cup—where art, science, and soul converge like a mycelial uprising.With one foot in bioscience, one in art & tech,he doesn't just breed mushrooms—he splices destinies, isolates revolutions,and maps the uncharted genetics of psilocybin itself.CRISPR is within reach. HPLC is on the table.And every sterile spore is blessed in the temple of his lab.But no mycelial network thrives alone.Enter Clinton Diong—the architect of connection.CEO of The Fruit of Knowledge and former design engineer,Clinton brings the circuitry of community to the circuitry of consciousness.Where Doma births new strains, Clinton builds new structures—platforms for global collaboration, tools for informed evolution,bridges between law, healing, and the ancient future.Together, they embody two poles of the same electric storm:The underground rebel and the strategic builder.The geneticist and the connector.The mycelium and the mind.This conversation is more than a podcast—it's a sporeprint of the future.Welcome to the future of fungi.Welcome to the movement beneath your feet.Welcome, my friends… Brown Treasure - Premium Island ManureMagicMycoFam - Cultivar Cup, Mushroom TestingThe miraculix QTests - the first drug purity tests - MiraculixAll Things Grow | Cannabis Nursery in Brooklyn | Brooklyn, NY, USAAffiliates — Twisted Tree NurseryGordoTEKOur Story – T.G.Tinctures and Mycology Supplies - Vital Bloom TincturesHamilton's MushroomsBuy Rare Mushroom Spore Syringes – Enigma, Jack Frost, MoreHow to Grow Psychedelic Mushrooms at Home?Home Page - Trip Team Family Support the show:https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_USCheck out our YouTube:https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPzfOaFtA1hF8UhnuvOQnTgKcIYPI9Ni9&si=Jgg9ATGwzhzdmjkgGrow your own:https://modernmushroomcultivation.com/This Band Will Blow Your Mind: Codex Serafinihttps://codexserafini.bandcamp.com/album/the-imprecation-of-anima
Creatine is having a serious moment right now! From bodybuilders to busy mums, we’re all being told to jump on the creatine bandwagon to improve our strength, muscle mass and performance. And to sweeten the deal, creatine is now available in the form of convenient and tasty gummies that claim to give us the same muscle boosting powers and benefits as the powder. But is that actually true? And should everyone really be taking creatine? What Exactly Is Creatine? First things first—why is creatine all the rage? Found naturally in our muscles, creatine helps generate energy for those intense, short bursts of exercise. It's one of the most researched supplements for improving strength, muscle mass, and performance but not everyone needs to jump on the creatine train. It’s not a one size fits all solution and we need to be far more strategic when it comes to supplementing with creatine. Gummies vs. Powder The allure of creatine gummies is pretty obvious —they’re convenient and delicious. But you’ll pay for it. Here in Australia, one brand like Push Gummies costs a whopping $1.67 per serve. Compare that to the range of $0.20 to $0.80 per serve for creatine powder, and you’re looking at eight times the cost! Do you really want to blow over $600 a year when powder sets you back just $73? Independent Testing Reveals Inconsistencies In 2024, NOW Foods did some independent testing of 12 brands of creatine gummies by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to see how much creatine is actually in each gummy compared to what is on the label. Out of the 12 brands tested, six of them didn't contain the amount of creatine that was claimed to be on the label. In fact, one brand had none whatsoever. So you’re basically just buying expensive lollies. Creatine Powder Gets My Vote For Now The science remains clear: traditional creatine monohydrate powder is still the gold standard. It's cost-effective, stable, reliable and backed by decades of research. You can measure it precisely, ensuring you're getting exactly what you need for optimal performance. Until gummy manufacturers can prove their products deliver consistent, stable doses of creatine (with transparent testing to back it up), your best bet is sticking with proven powder forms and saving your money. NOW testing: Testing programme identifies creatine gummy failings Download the FREE audio series The 5 Biggest Nutrition Mistakes Costing You Time on Race Day Check how well you’re doing when it comes to your nutrition with my 50 step checklist to Triathlon Nutrition Mastery WORK WITH TARYN HERE SUPPORT THE PODCAST HERE CONNECT WITH TARYN Website | Instagram | Facebook | YouTube The Triathlon Nutrition Academy® is a podcast by Dietitian Approved®. All rights reserved.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Savez-vous que l'indigo, cette couleur végétale emblématique, a traversé les siècles et les continents pour devenir un pilier de l'agriculture tinctoriale moderne ? Dans cet épisode captivant d'ArtEcoVert, nous avons le plaisir d'accueillir Pauline Leroux, ingénieure agronome passionnée par la couleur végétale et les plantes tinctoriales. Ensemble, nous plongeons dans l'univers fascinant des pigments végétaux, en explorant non seulement l'indigo, mais aussi d'autres trésors comme la garance et les tanins.Pauline partage avec nous son expertise sur l'exportation des produits de couleur végétale, en mettant en lumière l'importance cruciale de garantir la naturalité de ces colorants biosourcés. À travers une analyse approfondie des méthodes modernes telles que la chromatographie et le dosage par HPLC, elle compare ces techniques à des approches plus traditionnelles, offrant ainsi une perspective enrichissante sur l'évolution de la teinture végétale.Mais ce n'est pas tout ! L'épisode inclut également des témoignages précieux d'experts tels que Laura et Amandine Roussier, fondatrices de Le Champ des Couleurs, ainsi que des représentants de Green'ing, une entreprise qui œuvre déjà dans 35 pays pour promouvoir les colorants végétaux. Ces intervenants partagent des conseils pratiques sur la documentation nécessaire pour l'exportation, les numéros d'identification, et la perception de la France sur le marché mondial des colorants naturels.Nous aborderons également les défis et les opportunités que présente l'agriculture tinctoriale à l'international, soulignant l'importance de la science et de l'expertise dans le domaine des couleurs végétales. Cet épisode est un véritable appel à l'engagement pour un développement durable et une innovation dans le secteur de la teinture végétale.Alors, êtes-vous prêt à découvrir les nuances infinies que nous offrent les plantes tinctoriales ? Rejoignez-nous pour une conversation enrichissante qui stimule à la fois l'esprit et les sens. N'oubliez pas de consulter les liens utiles partagés dans la description pour approfondir vos connaissances sur ce sujet passionnant. Belle écoute !
Božidar Radišic has been a vocal cannabis activist for almost two decades, he is the president of FIST – human rights association, a member of IACM – International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines and founder of the Research Nature institute in Ljubljana (http://www.researchnature.com/).Thusfar, Božidar has organized seven international scientific conferences aimed at demystifying cannabis (http://demystifyingcannabis.org/gallery).The 6th conference held in Ljubljana in 2019 was also the first conference of the kind to be part of the licensed training program of the Medical Chamber of Slovenia and the Chamber of Nursing and Midwifery Services of Slovenia.He regulary lectures and participates at cannabis-related seminars and other events in Slovenia and abroad. He is known as a tireless activist and medical cannabis advocate in Slovenia, EU and the Western Balkans.The RN Institute monitors the quality of cannabis products and to that aim established its own laboratory providing HPLC and GC/MS analysis.As a result, it has gained a deep insight into cannabis use among patients and the quality of products on the market.
Savez-vous que les plantes tinctoriales peuvent transformer notre perception des couleurs et de l'agriculture durable ? Dans cet épisode captivant d'ArtEcoVert, la voix de la couleur végétale et des plantes tinctoriales, Pauline Leroux, ingénieure agronome et passionnée de couleur végétale, reçoit Ludivine Tripon Le Berre, une experte en phytochimie. Ensemble, elles plongent au cœur de l'univers fascinant des plantes tinctoriales, telles que l'indigo et la garance, et discutent de leur impact sur l'industrie de la teinture végétale.Ludivine, forte de son parcours académique en chimie et de son expérience à l'Institut Technique des Plantes Médicinales Aromatiques (ITEPMAI), partage avec nous ses connaissances sur l'analyse des plantes médicinales et tinctoriales. Au fil de la conversation, elles abordent des méthodes d'extraction et d'analyse des molécules présentes dans les plantes, notamment la chromatographie et la spectrophotométrie. Ces techniques sont essentielles pour garantir la qualité des colorants biosourcés issus de la nature.Les deux intervenantes soulignent l'importance cruciale de la normalisation et de la réglementation dans l'industrie des plantes tinctoriales, qui est en pleine expansion. Ce dialogue enrichissant met en lumière les défis et les opportunités de cette filière, tout en insistant sur la nécessité de valoriser les savoirs traditionnels à travers des approches scientifiques rigoureuses. Les nuances de couleur que nous pouvons obtenir grâce aux pigments végétaux sont non seulement esthétiques, mais aussi profondément ancrées dans notre culture et notre histoire.En fin d'épisode, Ludivine et Pauline évoquent des ouvrages essentiels pour ceux qui souhaitent approfondir leurs connaissances en phytochimie et en teinture naturelle. Ces ressources sont indispensables pour comprendre les tanins et les fibres naturelles qui composent les colorants végétaux, et pour explorer davantage l'univers de l'agriculture tinctoriale.
DARRA MÅNDE NITROSAMINERNA. Vi har doktor Magnus Hillman i podden och nu nördas det loss på allvar. Nitrosaminer, anaeroba förhållanden för mer sprit, estrar, maillardreaktion och … en irländsk whiskey på det. Era poddare bugar i nördvördnad. Vad var det i glaset? Magnus Hillman njöt av en Yellow Spot, irländsk single pot still från Midleton: https://midletondistillerycollection.com/spot-whiskeys/yellow-spot-product/ Jeroen hade Jameson single pot still: https://www.systembolaget.se/produkt/sprit/irish-distillers-53401/ David hade SMWS 48.160, ”Ode to the worm tub”, en Balmenach: https://www.whiskybase.com/whiskies/whisky/233006 Länkar från Magnus Hillman! Anaeroba förhållanden skapar etanol Reid, S., Speers, A., Lumsden, W., Willoughby, N., & Maskell, D. (2024). The influence of yeast format and pitching rate on Scotch malt whisky fermentation kinetics and congeners. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 129(2), 110-127. https://doi.org/10.58430/jib.v129i2.18 Flytande jäst har visat sig ha en signifikant kortare lag-phase jämfört med torkad jäst, men hade längre total jäsningstid på grund av en långsammare exponentiell fas. Hög pitchinghastighet (dvs mängd jäst som tillsätts vörten i början av jäsningsprocessen) resulterade i kortare lag-phase och snabbare jäsning. Flytande jäst producerade också fler estrar än torkad jäst. För att maximera etanolproduktionen är det viktigt att hålla jäsningen anaerob (syrefri), eftersom syre kan påverka jästens metabolism och leda till mindre etanolproduktion då den i stället producerar vatten och koldioxid. Nitrosaminer I whisky, idag är det mycket lågt till och med i rökig whisky Park, J., Seo, J., Lee, J., & Kwon, H. (2015). Distribution of Seven N-Nitrosamines in Food. Toxicological Research, 31(3), 279-288. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2015.31.3.279 Studien undersöker förekomsten av nitrosaminer i olika livsmedel, inklusive whisky. Den fann spårmängder av nitrosaminer som NDMA, NPYR och NMOR i whisky. Nitrosaminer är relativt instabila under destillationsprocessen, vilket innebär att deras koncentrationer minskar betydligt under produktionen. Tack vare förändringar i produktionsmetoder och destillationsprocessens effektivitet är förekomsten av nitrosaminer i whisky idag mycket låg. Analys av alkohol och estrar i whisky Whisky är en av de mest komplexa spritdryckerna, och för att förstå dess smakprofil behövs avancerade analysmetoder. I podden pratade David och Magnus om HPLC som visar hur många smakämnen som finns i whisky. Här visas en liknande metod på hur mångfacetterad whisky är och hur små förändringar i produktionen påverkar dess arom och smak. https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/A00052.pdf Maillardreaktioner och annat Zhao, H. (2023). The chemistry of malting: Understanding the biochemical changes in grains. Journal of Food Technology and Preservation, 7(5), 196. https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/the-chemistry-of-malting-understanding-the-biochemical-changes-in-grains.pdf När korn omvandlas till malt sker kemisk reaktioner som ger whisky och öl sin smak. En viktig process är Maillardreaktionen. Det är den som skapar de rika karamelliga, rostade och nötiga tonerna i malt. När malten torkas reagerar socker och aminosyror med varandra och bildar hundratals nya smakämnen. Temperaturen spelar en stor roll och vid lägre värme får vi ljus malt med mild smak, medan högre temperaturer ger mörkare malt med djupa smaktoner av kaffe, choklad och kola. Denna reaktion sker också när whisky lagras på fat och bidrar till dess komplexitet över tid. De kemiska reaktionerna fortstätter faktiskt efter den första reaktionen påbörjades, speciellt i fuktiga och varma miljöer. Frågan vi ställde oss är om det kunde fortsätta i t ex flaskan och lagringen. Det finns det inga bevis för vad vi känner till men kanske skulle vi göra en liten stuide? Här når du oss: En trea whisky på Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/entreawhisky) Maila till oss på hej@entreawhisky.se Davids blogg tjederswhisky.se (https://www.tjederswhisky.se) Följ oss på Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/entreawhisky Bli medlem! https://entreawhisky.memberful.com/checkout?plan=74960 Special Guest: Magnus Hillman.
Get My Book On Amazon: https://a.co/d/avbaV48Download The Peptide Cheat Sheet: https://peptidecheatsheet.carrd.co/
GIVEAWAY: http://www.combatfitness.co/blackfriday Hey everyone,It's been a minute, I've been caught up with our Black Friday giveaway, HPLC enrolments and a ton of other things happening here—but I wanted to take a few minutes to share something that's been coming up a lot in conversations lately. I've been talking with many of you as well as others considering training with us, and one theme keeps resurfacing: the tension between excuses and action.Here's something to think about: If there's something you want—a healthier body, better fitness, more energy (a promotion at work, etc.) — you are going to have to commit to a certain amount of action to achieve the end result. Outcomes don't care about how hard it was to get there, how busy your schedule is, what support you had or didn't have, or how you felt along the way. They're driven only by what you do.One mindset shift that's helped me is this: When that voice in your head starts giving you reasons why something won't work—“I don't have time,” “I don't have the support,” “It's too hard”... Pause and ask yourself, “Okay, maybe you're right. Now what?” That question shifts you back into problem-solving mode. Because the truth is, you always have only two options: make it work, or stay where you are. And if staying the same is okay with you, that's completely fine. But if it's not, the only other path forward is through action—however imperfect it might feel. In all my years of doing this, working with everyone from busy corporate executives, three-letter agency guys, SF candidates, all the way through 100+ lb weight loss goals, injured veterans, you name it... One thing has stood out: success doesn't depend on where you start. It depends on your willingness to take action and keep going, even when it's tough. If you've been feeling stuck, take a moment to ask yourself:How badly do I want the outcome I say I want? And am I willing to make the sacrifices it requires? If the answer is yes, you've already taken the first step. Now just actually commit to it. If the answer is no, then you know where you stand, and you can do yourself a favor and stop pretending that the change is something you actually care about, and just be at peace where you are. Full rundown of this concept in the attached video!On a lighter note, if you haven't yet, check out our Black Friday giveaway—it's huge this year, with over $30,000 in prizes, and it's completely free to enter. http://www.combatfitness.co/blackfriday Let me know your thoughts on this, and as always, we're here to help!
Marama Labs, a life-sciences instrumentation start-up, has secured €280,000 in funding from Enterprise Ireland to fund the expansion of the company's Irish operations. Enterprise Ireland's High Potential Start-Up (HPSU) investment is part of the company's Q4 2023 seed-plus round led by leading Irish VC The Yield Lab Europe and brings the total funding of the round raised by Marama Labs to €2m. The company, founded in New Zealand in 2019, is led by Irish-born CEO and co-founder Dr Brendan Darby with offices in Dublin and Wellington (New Zealand). The investment from Enterprise Ireland will be used to fund the expansion of Marama Labs' Irish operations, opening a commercially-focused applications lab in North Dublin and hiring a life-sciences applications team to support its customers in the Northern Hemisphere. Dr Brendan Darby, CEO and Co-Founder of Marama Labs, said: "We are delighted to have secured investment from Enterprise Ireland as part of our recent capital raise. Ireland's position as a leader in the global life sciences industryprovides the perfect launchpad for Marama Labs to scale our commercial footprint in the Northern Hemisphere life sciences market. "I am personally very excited about working with Enterprise Ireland to build out our Irish activities and leverage the unique life sciences skills available in Ireland. Our mission is to become a global leader in scientific instrumentation, removing bottlenecks in the chemical analysis of liquids, enabling faster and cheaper development of life-saving products." Tom Kelly, Divisional Manager, Industrial & Life Sciences at Enterprise Ireland said: "Congratulations to the team at Marama Labs on its recent investment wins. Enterprise Ireland's HPSU investment in this highly innovative company will support its exploration into the rapidly growing life-sciences market and the expansion of its operations in Ireland." Marama Labs develops novel spectroscopy technology that can rapidly analyse the chemistry of highly complex high-value liquids in industries such as life sciences and fermentation. Its CloudSpec product is able to quantify crucial quality information about new classes of therapeutics, called nanomedicines, in seconds, compared to hours it takes with existing technologies. Marama Labs is working with some of the world's leading therapeutic manufacturers to speed up their drug discovery and manufacturing workflows, with the life sciences product due to launch on the market in 2025. Marama Labs, a Victoria University of Wellington spinout company, was founded in 2019 in New Zealand by physicists Dr Brendan Darby (CEO), Dr Matthias Meyer and Professor Eric Le Ru (CSO), when they discovered a fundamentally new way to optically interrogate highly cloudy liquids using light-based sensors; the breakthrough led to the development of its CloudSpec UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Life sciences and pharmaceutical manufacturing Initially commercialised for winemaking analysis, Marama Labs has widened the CloudSpec applications into the life-sciences market, where opaque liquids are a major hurdle for drug discovery, process monitoring, quality assurance and new product development. CloudSpec's unique ability to measure UV-Vis spectra of highly turbid samples, like lipid-based nano-medicines, has caught the attention of the life-sciences industry. Commercial trials are underway with leading pharmaceutical manufacturers in Europe and the US, for optimising vaccine development workflows. Compared to expensive and time-consuming analytical techniques like HPLC and fluorescent-based assays, which can take hours to get a result, CloudSpec can obtain the same information in a few seconds. See more stories here.
Justin Esquivel is CEO & Geneticist, Green Luster Phenos™ and has been an influencer and leader in the cannabis industry for 15 years. Esquivel was the head grower and geneticist of an indoor commercial-scale cultivation operation back in 2012. Justin has consulted with over 100 cannabis facilities, 72 of which operate commercial canopies. Esquivel provides home growers with pest and bacteria-resistant genetics in seed and breeders' cut form on a global scale! He brings standard operating procedures to a gold standard. His one-of-a-kind approach to plasticity breeding has sparked tons of interest across the globe. Esquivel also specializes in Cannabis Tissue Culture & Selective Homozygous Breeding, enabling his company to bring exotic tailored offspring to growers globally!During our conversation, we discuss: Justin's background in traditional ag and how that applies to cannabis How he uses tissue culture to store genetics and eliminate pathogens The process for creating stable cannabis varieties How purposely introducing pests into the breeding room helps select for resistance traits The application of analytical tools, such as PCR, HPLC, and marker-assisted breeding Thanks to this episode's Sponsor: Rare Earth Genomics. Rare Earth Genomics is a dynamic partnership formed with Texas A&M AgriLife, one of the world's leading research institutions, to accelerate hemp research and create tools for farmers. Their mission is to increase the likelihood of a successful harvest for farmers through genetic analysis and rigorous environmental testing of vigorous cultivars. Learn more at rareearthgenomics.com Additional Resources: greenlusterphenos.com Review the Podcast CannMed Archive
The potential of mRNA medicines was postulated for years, but it took the COVID pandemic and emergency use authorizations for that potential to be demonstrated. By now, most of us have received at least one mRNA based vaccine and the platform has been mostly derisked. However, if you're not one of the major players in this space, generating high-purity mRNA, let alone a GMP-grade mRNA-based drug product, can still be quite challenging. Dr. Chrisitan Cobaugh, CEO of Vernal Biosciences in Vermont, has been working in the mRNA field for more than a decade and is passionate about the potential of mRNA medicines. He's also been in the field long enough to know firsthand the challenges of high-purity mRNA and lipid nanoparticle supply. Join us as Christian walks us through his story, the start of Vernal Biosciences, and their progress toward their mission of democratizing access to mRNA technology. Our conversation touches on the molecular biology of making mRNA, and the use of digital PCR and other methods in monitoring development and release of mRNA drug products, and the potential applications of mRNA as a platform (some of which you might not have guessed).Whether you're new to the technology, or have chosen mRNA as a focus area, you're sure to find this conversation engaging and intriguing, and our guest insightful. Visit the Absolute Gene-ius page to learn more about the guests, the hosts, and the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio Absolute Q Digital PCR System.
[This article was originally published on Dan Elton's blog, More is Different.]Cerebrolysin is an unregulated medical product made from enzymatically digested pig brain tissue. Hundreds of scientific papers claim that it boosts BDNF, stimulates neurogenesis, and can help treat numerous neural diseases. It is widely used by doctors around the world, especially in Russia and China.A recent video of Bryan Johnson injecting Cerebrolysin has over a million views on X and 570,000 views on YouTube. The drug, which is advertised as a “peptide combination”, can be purchased easily online and appears to be growing in popularity among biohackers, rationalists, and transhumanists. The subreddit r/Cerebrolysin has 3,100 members. TL;DRUnfortunately, our investigation indicates that the benefits attributed to Cerebrolysin are biologically implausible and unlikely to be real. Here's what we found: Cerebrolysin has been used clinically since the 1950s, and has escaped regulatory oversight due to some [...] ---Outline:(00:56) TL;DR(02:50) Introduction(04:03) The long history of Cerebrolysin(07:31) Cerebrolysin.com is full of scientific errors(13:43) The evidence base for Cerebrolysin contains conflicts of interest and a statistically improbable rate of success(17:52) So WTH is Cerebrolysin?(24:51) We only found one study giving evidence of neurotrophic factors in Cerebrolysin, and it's kinda sus(26:45) HPLC-mass spectroscopy of Cerebrolysin fails to show any neurotrophic peptides(28:38) Storage instructions are incongruent with peptides and there is no immune response(30:57) The putative active ingredients are unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier(36:34) Concluding metascience thoughtsThe original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration. The original text contained 12 images which were described by AI. --- First published: August 6th, 2024 Source: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ZznBxPdZEB6ETeZvS/wth-is-cerebrolysin-actually --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: WTH is Cerebrolysin, actually?, published by gsfitzgerald on August 6, 2024 on LessWrong. [This article was originally published on Dan Elton's blog, More is Different.] Cerebrolysin is an unregulated medical product made from enzymatically digested pig brain tissue. Hundreds of scientific papers claim that it boosts BDNF, stimulates neurogenesis, and can help treat numerous neural diseases. It is widely used by doctors around the world, especially in Russia and China. A recent video of Bryan Johnson injecting Cerebrolysin has over a million views on X and 570,000 views on YouTube. The drug, which is advertised as a "peptide combination", can be purchased easily online and appears to be growing in popularity among biohackers, rationalists, and transhumanists. The subreddit r/Cerebrolysin has 3,100 members. TL;DR Unfortunately, our investigation indicates that the benefits attributed to Cerebrolysin are biologically implausible and unlikely to be real. Here's what we found: Cerebrolysin has been used clinically since the 1950s, and has escaped regulatory oversight due to some combination of being a "natural product" and being grandfathered in. Basic information that would be required for any FDA approved drug is missing, including information on the drug's synthesis, composition, and pharmacokinetics. Ever Pharma's claim that it contains neurotrophic peptides in therapeutic quantities is likely false. HPLC and other evidence show Cerebrolysin is composed of amino acids, phosphates, and salt, along with some random protein fragments. Ever Pharma's marketing materials for Cerebrolysin contain numerous scientific errors. Many scientific papers on Cerebrolysin appear to have ties to its manufacturer, Ever Pharma, and sometimes those ties are not reported. Ever Pharma's explanation of how the putative peptides in Cerebrolyin cross the blood-brain barrier does not make sense and flies in the face of scientific research which shows that most peptides do not cross the blood-brain barrier (including neurotrophic peptides like BDNF, CDNF, and GDNF). Since neurotrophic factors are the proposed mechanism for Cerebrolysin's action, it is reasonable to doubt claims of Cerebrolysin's efficacy. Most scientific research is false. It may have a mild therapeutic effect in some contexts, but the research on this is shaky. It is likely safe to inject in small quantities, but is almost certainly a waste of money for anyone looking to improve their cognitive function. Introduction One of us (Dan) was recently exposed to Cerebrolysin at the Manifest conference in Berkeley, where a speaker spoke very highly about it and even passed around ampoules of it for the audience to inspect. Dan then searched for Cerebrolysin on X and found a video by Bryan Johnson from May 23 that shows him injecting Cerebrolysin. Johnson describes it as a "new longevity therapy" that "fosters neuronal growth and repair which may improve memory." Dan sent the video to Greg Fitzgerald, who is a 6th year neuroscience Ph.D. student at SUNY Albany. Greg is well-versed on the use of neurotrophic peptides for treating CNS disorders and was immediately skeptical and surprised he had not heard of it before. After Greg researched it, he felt a professional responsibility to write up his findings. He sent his writeup to Dan, who then extensively edited and expanded it. Our critique covers three major topics: (1) sketchy marketing practices, (2) shoddy evidence base, and (3) implausible biological claims. But first, it's interesting to understand the history of this strange substance. The long history of Cerebrolysin To our knowledge, the "secret history" of Cerebrolysin has not been illuminated anywhere to date. Cerebrolysin was invented by the Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist Gerhart Harrer (1917 - 2011), who started usin...
Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: WTH is Cerebrolysin, actually?, published by gsfitzgerald on August 6, 2024 on LessWrong. [This article was originally published on Dan Elton's blog, More is Different.] Cerebrolysin is an unregulated medical product made from enzymatically digested pig brain tissue. Hundreds of scientific papers claim that it boosts BDNF, stimulates neurogenesis, and can help treat numerous neural diseases. It is widely used by doctors around the world, especially in Russia and China. A recent video of Bryan Johnson injecting Cerebrolysin has over a million views on X and 570,000 views on YouTube. The drug, which is advertised as a "peptide combination", can be purchased easily online and appears to be growing in popularity among biohackers, rationalists, and transhumanists. The subreddit r/Cerebrolysin has 3,100 members. TL;DR Unfortunately, our investigation indicates that the benefits attributed to Cerebrolysin are biologically implausible and unlikely to be real. Here's what we found: Cerebrolysin has been used clinically since the 1950s, and has escaped regulatory oversight due to some combination of being a "natural product" and being grandfathered in. Basic information that would be required for any FDA approved drug is missing, including information on the drug's synthesis, composition, and pharmacokinetics. Ever Pharma's claim that it contains neurotrophic peptides in therapeutic quantities is likely false. HPLC and other evidence show Cerebrolysin is composed of amino acids, phosphates, and salt, along with some random protein fragments. Ever Pharma's marketing materials for Cerebrolysin contain numerous scientific errors. Many scientific papers on Cerebrolysin appear to have ties to its manufacturer, Ever Pharma, and sometimes those ties are not reported. Ever Pharma's explanation of how the putative peptides in Cerebrolyin cross the blood-brain barrier does not make sense and flies in the face of scientific research which shows that most peptides do not cross the blood-brain barrier (including neurotrophic peptides like BDNF, CDNF, and GDNF). Since neurotrophic factors are the proposed mechanism for Cerebrolysin's action, it is reasonable to doubt claims of Cerebrolysin's efficacy. Most scientific research is false. It may have a mild therapeutic effect in some contexts, but the research on this is shaky. It is likely safe to inject in small quantities, but is almost certainly a waste of money for anyone looking to improve their cognitive function. Introduction One of us (Dan) was recently exposed to Cerebrolysin at the Manifest conference in Berkeley, where a speaker spoke very highly about it and even passed around ampoules of it for the audience to inspect. Dan then searched for Cerebrolysin on X and found a video by Bryan Johnson from May 23 that shows him injecting Cerebrolysin. Johnson describes it as a "new longevity therapy" that "fosters neuronal growth and repair which may improve memory." Dan sent the video to Greg Fitzgerald, who is a 6th year neuroscience Ph.D. student at SUNY Albany. Greg is well-versed on the use of neurotrophic peptides for treating CNS disorders and was immediately skeptical and surprised he had not heard of it before. After Greg researched it, he felt a professional responsibility to write up his findings. He sent his writeup to Dan, who then extensively edited and expanded it. Our critique covers three major topics: (1) sketchy marketing practices, (2) shoddy evidence base, and (3) implausible biological claims. But first, it's interesting to understand the history of this strange substance. The long history of Cerebrolysin To our knowledge, the "secret history" of Cerebrolysin has not been illuminated anywhere to date. Cerebrolysin was invented by the Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist Gerhart Harrer (1917 - 2011), who started usin...
Bioconjugation of antibodies to drugs via chemical linkers is how antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are made. We're joined by Matt Giese, Senior Scientist at Vector Laboratories, who talks us through the complex chemistry options and biodesign considerations that have to be considered and balanced when making a successful ADC.How does one build the skillset to work in biodesign of ADCs you might ask? Well, Matt's career path might not provide a clearcut roadmap like you might hope. That's because Matt started his career as an auto mechanic, moved into art, went back to auto mechanics, worked as baggage handler and as a construction worker, all before ever finding chemistry. If you think that's a convoluted path, just wait to hear about his academic and professional work journeys. You'll revel in following this journey, and in the lessons and diverse skills learned along the way. Join us to hear it yourself, from who might just be the most interesting man in chemistry!Related episodes:Season 5, Ep.7: The life-altering impact of one chemist's sabbaticalSeason 2, Ep.1: Chemistry: a modern American dreamSeason 3, Ep.5: On the COVID pill and other process chemistry tales Bonus content!Access bonus content curated by this episode's guest by visiting www.thermofisher.com/chemistry-podcast for links to recent publications, podcasts, books, videos and more.View the video of this episode on www.thermofisher.com/chemistry-podcast. A free thank you gift for our listeners! Request your free Bringing Chemistry to Life t-shirt on our episode website.Use Podcast Code: LabRatsRul3 in July or OchemRcks in August. We read every email so please share your questions and feedback with us! Email helloBCTL@thermofisher.com
Plastics are a modern miracle of science that have helped deliver both convenience and life-saving solutions. However, we must now grapple with the challenge of immense amounts of plastics in our waste streams and environment. How do we best deconstruct plastics to reusable or more bio-friendly molecules? This is the exact challenge being addressed by the work of Dr. Elizabeth (Izzy) Bell and her team at the National Renewable Energy Lab. Our conversation with Izzy showcases her ability to summarize complex topics very concisely and understandably, which she says is a skill that is critically important in her field because it's so interdisciplinary. Izzy summarizes the challenges they're working to address and then walks us through the stepwise processes she and her team use to conduct directed evolution studies. These studies aim to create and characterize enzymes capable of deconstructing common plastics, first at a laboratory scale, but eventually at an industrial scale. If you've ever wondered about how directed evolution studies are done, and the role that molecular biology plays with them, this conversation will be sure to clarify. In addition to the great science of this episode, Izzy also helps outline what it takes to get into and be successful in her field – a great resource for anyone aspiring to get into this area of research. We hear about how interdisciplinary the field is, but how that means it's also ripe with opportunity for those passionate about learning and making a difference. Join us for what is sure to be an informative and inspiring episode! Subscribe to get future episodes as they drop and if you like what you're hearing we hope you'll share a review or recommend the series to a colleague. Download Transcripts: Speaking of Mol Bio Podcast | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US Visit the Invitrogen School of Molecular Biology to access helpful molecular biology resources and educational content, and please share this resource with anyone you know working in molecular biology.
While the end product is quite different, brewing beer is not all that different than many other bioproduction processes used in the lab and industry. Both require skills, experience, and the right QC/QA methods to control and monitor the starting materials and the entire process, all the way to that bottle of suds you might be thirsty for. Steve and Gabriel talk with Kelly Tretter, a microbiologist with more than 30 years of experience in the brewing industry, to discuss brewing at the molecular level. The passion of all three for beer is evident in the conversation, which spans from the basics of the brewing process all the way into the use of molecular methods (e.g., PCR, sequencing, HPLC, GC/MS, ICP, etc.) used to test and monitor starting materials and in-process samples. You'll leave with an elevated appreciation of what brewers do, and you'll likely be ready for another pint too! Subscribe to get future episodes as they drop and if you like what you're hearing we hope you'll share a review or recommend the series to a colleague. Download Transcripts: Speaking of Mol Bio Podcast | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US Visit the Invitrogen School of Molecular Biology to access helpful molecular biology resources and educational content, and please share this resource with anyone you know working in molecular biology.
In this podcast, Professor Ian Wilson, a globally recognised and leading expert in drug metabolism, with over 500 publications in the field, takes us on an engaging journey exploring the link between carboxylic acid containing drugs and their involvement in DILI. A special focus will be given to Ian's latest paper: ‘Minimizing the DILI potential of carboxylic acid-containing drugs: a perspective'.The episode explores the following:Are acyl glucuronides shouldering too much of the blame?Where else should we be looking?What are the possible risk mitigation strategies to reduce DILI with these chemotypes?Speaker:Ian Wilson – Professor, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction at Imperial CollegeIan Wilson trained as a biochemist at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UMIST) following this with a PhD in the Chemistry Dept. at Keele University on the gas chromatographic analysis of ecdysteroids (insect moulting hormones). Following a short period of postdoctoral research on HPLC-based methods for the analysis of penicillamine at University College in London he joined Pharma were he the embarked on a career in drug metabolism and bioanalysis is the pharmaceutical industry spanning over 30 years (beginning in 1979 at Hoechst, the ICI, Zeneca and AstraZeneca). On leaving AstraZeneca he joined Imperial College (London) in 2012 where he is currently a Visiting Professor of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology. More recently he has also been appointed as a visiting Prof at Liverpool University. As a biochemist turned analytical chemist, he tries to use advanced analytical methods, including those based on UHPLC and ion mobility separations to better characterize and understand biological systems. Currently these efforts are focused on high resolution, high throughput methods that can be applied to problems in metabolic phenotyping (metabonomics/metabolomics), drug metabolism/biochemical toxicology, systems biology and the microbiome. He is the author, or co-author, of over 600 papers, reviews or book chapters, and has received awards in separation and analytical science from the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Chromatographic Society amongst others. Stay tuned for more podcasts in our Pharmaron DMPK Insights Series!
This panel discussion was originally published in the eBook “ Monoclonal Antibody Manufacturing Trends, Challenges, and Analytical Solutions to Eliminate Bioprocessing Bottlenecks” You can download all the articles in the series, by downloading the eBook. Panel discussion members: Carrie Mason - Associate Director, R&D at Lonza Biologics Laura Madia - Independent Industry Consultant Alan Opper – Director of HaLCon Sales at RedShiftBio David Sloan, PhD – Senior Vice President, Life Sciences at RedShiftBio Brandy Sargent, Editor in-chief, Cell Culture Dish and Downstream Column (Moderator) In this panel discussion, we talked with industry experts about antibody process development and manufacturing. Specifically focusing on current antibody titer expectations, analytical challenges and how real time titer measurement is a game changer for bioproduction moving forward. Where is the industry at today with titer expectations and what are the best practices for measuring titer? Laura Madia With respect to expectations regarding titer over the years, what we've seen is a need for increased titer within the upstream development of a drug. As an industry, we have moved from the 80s where titers were closer to .2 to .5 grams per liter to the early 2000s where concentrations of titer production rose to 3 to 5 grams per liter. What we see today is a continued increase in titer concentrations, which creates a challenge to make sure that you have technologies that can accurately measure titer concentration without introducing any errors. The other thing that we have seen within the industry is the need for more data to not only understand what is happening in the tank, but also to be able to make decisions about the product as the process is running or shortly after. Lastly, it is important to consider people and resources. It has been exacerbated by COVID, but it is difficult to find people to work within the industry and there are fewer people within a production suite. This has helped to drive the need for online and remote monitoring and automation to make it easier to get the necessary measurements. David Sloan To follow up on the lack of workers, one of the things that we constantly hear from the customers we are working with is that training employees can be a real challenge and a very time-intensive process. Technologies that are easier to use and require less expertise help get people up and running and minimize errors amongst new users of a technology. Laura Madia As for the current best practices for measuring titer, HPLC is the gold standard. But HPLC presents some challenges including training and HPLC requires a highly skilled person to get accurate results. There is a need for something that is simple and easy to use when it comes to measuring titer. You will still need HPLC results for approval and decisions at the end, but to be able to monitor titer throughout the process is important. What are the challenges associated with the way that titer is measured today and what can we do as an industry to improve? Laura Madia One of the challenges is that most of the assays available today are batch processes, so that lends itself to providing a retrospective look and means that most people don't run samples throughout the process. This is because most people save these tests until the end when they can run a batch and make it more cost effective, and it is typically a long time to result so running it during the process isn't helpful. Systems today are more for batch process and are not set up for at-line measurement, unless you are lucky enough to be able to have an HPLC that's dedicated to that tank. Another challenge is speed and accuracy. Many of the techniques that are offline today are longer assays because they're running as a batch. You must wait for the entire batch, which is a long time to first result.
https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_UShttps://magicmyco.org/Use Promocode TrueLife for 50% off select products MagicMycoFam - The Cultivar CupFounder Doma is a mycologist and facilitator of TidalWave Cubensis (among others)Founder of Magic Mycology Online and inventor of Lab Tool Sterilizer MycoCoil™.Doma has a background in Bio Science, Art & Technology. Doma has become a pioneer in Cubensis genetic splicing, sub strain fusions, and isolations; while breeding for potency and contamination resistance. Through the team's lab and microscopy work they are leading the way and setting standards in the community.Doma and his Magic Myco team now document the Isolation research work and analyze the data with the MM team. HPLC chromatography is now available for potency testing on all fungi & extracts, and CRSPR is within reach for gene editing. These tools greatly help in the research, development, and quality control of the work so that it can be taken seriously in studies, treatments, clinical trials and of course legalization efforts.Doma Provides exceptional lab work with kind courteous customer service and strives to provide the highest in Mycology standards. He aims to push the Mycology hobbyist and the legalization awarness movements forward into a new age of understanding. All Mycology work is done in a professional, clean room environment & every spore is blessed with the good intent of its creator.• Creator of TidalWave Cubensis• Creator & Founder of Magic Myco, MYCOCOIL, The Cultivar Cup• 1st Place Strain @ Psilocybin Cup• Bio Science Student• CompTIA certified• Photography degree https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_US
Dan, Greg and Shari. Greg La Follette is back on California Wine Country with Steve Jaxon and Dan Berger. He is now the winemaker at Marchelle Wines. Greg has been on CWC several times before, the most recent is this episode from May 25, 2022 when he came in with his label at the time, GLF Wines. Greg's special guest is Shari Gherman, co-founder & President of the American Fine Wine Competition. Participation in their competition is by invitation, and they invited several of Greg's wines. They have a vetting committee that only admits the best wines. His wines were “off the charts” and won lots of gold medals, scored over 90 points and collected some best of class awards. This particular Chard is a 2021 and won a double gold and 95 points. Tritone means it comes from three counties (not the musical term) including Santa Barbara, Mendocino and Sonoma counties. Dan likes it because it has great flavor and also great acidity, to accompany food. That's different than the Colmbard, which is more for drinking. Click the logo to visit our sponsor Bottle Barn online for the coolest bargains on wine, beer and spirits. The Vine Whisperer Greg La Follette is the “vine whisperer” and the “cellar magician” as Steve says. He has worked 68 vintages on 5 continents, is a former seminarian and biochemist. Because of the research technique called HPLC that he was trained in, he found a job looking at antibiotics but when the Aids effort began his skills were needed there, for the next four years. He also worked with André Tchelistcheff, who resurrected California wine after Prohibition. Georges de la Tour had started Beaulieu and went to the Pasteur Institute in Paris and asked the director who the best student was. It was André so Georges hired André to come to California where he trained decades of winemakers like Greg. This next wine is a Pinot Noir called Fourth Act. Greg's winemaker Evan named is for Greg, as this is the fourth winery that he has owned. This is their blend wine. Dan says it smells exactly like a great Pinot Noir, lots of fruit flavors. Shari points out that it also got a double gold and 95 points at her competition. It also got one at Dan Berger's International Competition last month, it got best of class and best of show.
In this episode, I interview Tomas from @Mycozine about his background in mycology and the evolution of the mycology community. We discuss the shift from focusing on high potency to understanding different cultivars of mushrooms and the effects of different alkaloids. Tomas explains the process of HPLC testing and how it is used to analyze the chemical makeup of mushrooms. We also dive into the origins and evolution of The Myco Zine, a zine that highlights the work of cultivators and provides information about mushrooms. The conversation concludes with a discussion about the controversies surrounding The Myco Zine and the Hyphae Cup. In this conversation, Tomas of The Myco Zine discusses collaboration, controversy, and the future of psychedelics. He shares his experience of working with other organizations and the challenges they faced. Tomas also talks about the importance of community and inclusivity in the psychedelic space. He highlights the need for more research and data collection in the field. Finally he emphasizes the importance of gratitude and faith in driving personal growth. https://www.instagram.com/mycozine/ https://themycozine.com/ Please leave a 5 star review :D • Join my GROWING community on Patreon and Discord • www.Patreon.com/Mycotrophic • Follow me on Instagram • https://www.instagram.com/mycotrophic • Subscribe to my Youtube Channel • www.Youtube.com/mycotrophic • Myco Alchemy - Mycology Grow Supplies @Mycoalchemy_ • Sterilized Grain, Bio Dynamic Substrate, Pre Poured Agar, and more! https://myco-alchemy.com/?ref=3058t1smm1 • Lab Rat Flow Hoodz @LRFHOODZ • Custom Hand Made Flow Hoods with FREE shipping in the USA! https://www.labrathoodz.com/?ref=WEKs9qy7 • Inoculate the World - Quality Mushroom Shp0res & Cultures • https://inoculatetheworld.com/?ref=9 • Microppose : Adherable injection ports and lid filters, tub filter discs, mono-tubs, and more! • https://microppose.com/r?id=ii9tqs
After realizing at a young age that rock and roll might be a better hobby than a career, our guest chose chemistry and chromatography as his path, and he's rocked that career choice!In this fun and engaging conversation, you'll meet Frank Steiner, PhD, Senior Manager of Product Applications, and Scientific Advisor at Thermo Fisher Scientific, who has earned much respect for his contributions to the field of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). He and his team are customer number one for new HPLC products and generate much of the data used to support product launches. Steeped in the theory and fundamentals of HPLC, they provide us with a very approachable summary of the technique and considerations that must be balanced across diverse applications. Follow Frank and Paolo as they uncover insights on the evolutionary arc of HPLC, what challenges still exist, and why Frank believes it to be the technique that is most widespread and effective in affecting our lives. As always, we promise to let you get to know Frank, his personal story, and some bits of sage advice from a man that's been there and done that. Related episodes: Season 1, Ep.3: There's chemistry is in the air!Season 1, Ep.7: Stronger magnets, stronger scienceSeason 4, Ep.7: From an F in chemistry to 40 years in chemicals Bonus content!Access bonus content curated by this episode's guest by visiting www.thermofisher.com/chemistry-podcast for links to recent publications, podcasts, books, videos and more.View the video version of this episode on www.thermofisher.com/chemistry-podcast. A free thank you gift for our listeners! Visit the episode website and request your free Bringing Chemistry to Life t shirtUse Podcast Code: 2023wrap in December 2023 or Ba++ery in January 2024 Share your feedback with us! Email helloBCTL@thermofisher.com About Your HostPaolo Braiuca grew up in the North-East of Italy and holds a PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from nearby esteemed University of Trieste, Italy. He developed expertise in biocatalysis during his years of post-doctoral research in Italy and the UK, where he co-founded a startup company. With this new venture, Paolo's career shifted from R&D to business development, taking on roles in commercial, product management, and marketing. He has worked in the specialty chemicals, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical markets in Germany and the UK, where he presently resides. He is currently the Director of Global Market Development in the Laboratory Chemicals Division at Thermo Fisher Scientific™ which put him in the host chair of the Bringing Chemistry to Life podcast. A busy father of four, in what little free time he has, you'll find him inventing electronic devices with the help of his loyal 3D-printer and soldering iron. And if you ask him, he'll call himself a “maker” at heart.
Hey Mycotrophs! In this episode I interview the founder of Magic Myco, @DomaNunzio www.instagram.com/Magicmyco Doma is on a mission to explore the wonders of mushrooms and share his research discoveries with the world. He survived a life-threatening motorcycle accident in 1998 that left him addicted to opiates and in chronic pain. In 2016 he found hope and relief in the magic of fungi, which healed his body and mind, and sparked his curiosity and creativity. He became a mycologist, an inventor, an artist, and a pioneer in psilocybin research. He founded MagicMyco , a company that provides high-quality mycology products and services, and invented the MycoCoil lab sterilizer tool. He created and tested award-winning strains of cubensis, such as TidalWave and Trinity, using advanced tools like HPLC and PCR. He educates and advocates for the safe and therapeutic use of mushrooms and collaborates with other researchers and enthusiasts. Doma is also an ordained minister and a lifelong adventurer. He believes that mushrooms are a gateway to the universal consciousness and a source of healing and inspiration. • Join my Patreon and Discord Server • www.Patreon.com/Mycotrophic • My Youtube Channel • www.Youtube.com/mycotrophic • Myco Alchemy - Mycology Grow Supplies @Mycoalchemy_ • Sterilized Grain, Bio Dynamic Substrate, Pre Poured Agar, and more! https://myco-alchemy.com/?ref=3058t1smm1 • Lab Rat Flow Hoodz @LRFHOODZ • Custom Hand Made Flow Hoods with FREE shipping in the USA! https://www.labrathoodz.com/?ref=WEKs9qy7 • Inoculate the World - High Quality Mushroom Sp0res & Cultures • https://inoculatetheworld.com/?ref=9 • Microppose : Adherable injection ports and lid filters, tub filter discs, mono-tubs, and more! • https://microppose.com/r?id=ii9tqs
https://magicmyco.org/https://magicmyco.com/Use promo code: MMFAM @ checkout.MagicMycoFam - The Cultivar CupFounder Doma is a mycologist and facilitator of TidalWave Cubensis (among others)Founder of Magic Mycology Online and inventor of Lab Tool Sterilizer MycoCoil™.Doma has a background in Bio Science, Art & Technology. Doma has become a pioneer in Cubensis genetic splicing, sub strain fusions, and isolations; while breeding for potency and contamination resistance. Through the team's lab and microscopy work they are leading the way and setting standards in the community.Doma and his Magic Myco team now document the Isolation research work and analyze the data with the MM team. HPLC chromatography is now available for potency testing on all fungi & extracts, and CRSPR is within reach for gene editing. These tools greatly help in the research, development, and quality control of the work so that it can be taken seriously in studies, treatments, clinical trials and of course legalization efforts.Doma Provides exceptional lab work with kind courteous customer service and strives to provide the highest in Mycology standards. He aims to push the Mycology hobbyist and the legalization awarness movements forward into a new age of understanding. All Mycology work is done in a professional, clean room environment & every spore is blessed with the good intent of its creator.• Creator of TidalWave Cubensis• Creator & Founder of Magic Myco, MYCOCOIL, The Cultivar Cup• 1st Place Strain @ Psilocybin Cup• Bio Science Student• CompTIA certified• Photography degree
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.07.536081v1?rss=1 Authors: Graur, A., Kabbani, N. Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a highly conserved enzyme responsible for the regulation of acetylcholine signaling within the brain and periphery. AChE has also been shown to participate in non-enzymatic activity and contributing to development and aging. In particular, enzymatic cleavage of the carboxy terminal region of the synaptic AChE isoform, AChE-T, is shown to generate a bioactive T30 peptide that binds to the 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at synapses. Here, we explore intracellular mechanisms of T30 signaling within the human cholinergic neural cell line SH-SY5Y using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Proteomic analysis of cells exposed to (100nM) T30 for 3-days reveals significant changes within proteins important for cell growth. Specifically, bioinformatic analysis identifies proteins that converge onto the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway signaling. Functional experiments confirm that T30 regulates neural cell growth via mTOR signaling and 7 nAChR activation. In addition, T30 was found promote mTORC1 pro-growth signaling through an increase in phosphorylated elF4E, and a decrease in autophagy LC3B-II level. Taken together, our findings define mTOR as a novel pathway activated by the T30 cleavage peptide of AChE and suggest a role for mTOR signaling in cholinergic aspects of brain development, as well as disease. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
In this episode, podcast host Dr. Dwight Stoll talks with Dr. Richard Henry, an expert in HPLC column technology who has had a long and productive career in the HPLC column business. They discuss Dr. Henry's early experiences with analytical chemistry and liquid chromatography working for DuPont and Spectra-Physics, and eventually the launch and success of the company he founded in 1985, Keystone Scientific. He shares his perspectives on the evolution of LC column technology since the 1970s, his current interest in HILIC columns and separations, and the interactions between separation science and the chemistry of the environment. Finally, Dr. Henry shares some advice for young scientists, drawing on years of observation and his own experiences with failure and success.
https://www.entheogenbiotech.ca/Article: https://sflcn.com/entheogen-biotech-of-canada-conducting-research-on-mushrooms-in-jamaica/ Bioreactor: https://youtu.be/gIUHQNFKu_IqNMR httpToday we welcome Anthony Bailey and Co- Founder of Entheogen Biotech to the TrueLife podcast. They have established a library with strains as strong as 4.4% tryptamine content. In establishing our library of over 100 strains of fungi we've established analytic techniques to determine tryptamine contents at home for up to 2% tryptamine and new methods using each HPLC's and Q NMR's machines. Our most unique offering is strain of mycelium that we stumbled upon in our breeding process, this particular strain produces psilocybin. We then took this strain and grew it in a bioreactor producing psilocybin in one-week versus the traditional eight-week life cycle of psilocybin.Now we embark on commercialising our findings and bring them to market their legal jurisdiction permits.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.10.511577v1?rss=1 Authors: Pierre, C., Callebert, J., Launay, J.-M., Retaux, S. Abstract: Monoamine oxidases (MAO; MAO-A and MAO-B in mammals) are enzymes catalyzing the degradation of biogenic amines, including monoamine neurotransmitters. In humans, coding mutations in MAOs are extremely rare and deleterious. Here, we assessed the structural and biochemical consequences of a point mutation (P106L) in the single mao gene of the blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. This mutation decreased mao enzymatic activity by ~3-fold, probably as a result of decreased flexibility in one of the three loops forming the entrance of the active site, thus reducing the access of substrates. HPLC measurements in brains of mutant and non-mutant larvae and adults of the cave and surface morphs of the species showed major disturbances in serotonin, dopamine and noradrenalin (and metabolites) contents in mutants, demonstrating that the P106L mao mutation is fully responsible for monoaminergic disequilibrium in the P106L mao mutant cavefish brain. The outcomes of the mutation were different in the posterior brain (containing the raphe nucleus) and the anterior brain (containing fish-specific hypothalamic serotonergic clusters), revealing contrasting properties in neurotransmitter homeostasis in these different neuronal groups. We also discovered that the effects of the mutation were partially compensated by a decrease in activity of the tph, the serotonin biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme. Finally, the neurochemical outcomes of the mao P106L mutation differed in many respects from a treatment with deprenyl, an irreversible MAO inhibitor, showing that genetic and pharmacological interference with MAO function are not the same. Our results shade light on our understanding of cavefish evolution, on the specificities of fish monoaminergic systems, and on MAO-dependent homeostasis of brain neurochemistry in general. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.12.507550v1?rss=1 Authors: Dominguez-Lopez, S., Ahn, B., Sataranatarajan, K., Ranjit, R., Beckstead, M. J., Van Remmen, H. Abstract: Acute and neurotoxic regimens of METH are known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect redox homeostasis, and lead to cellular damage in dopamine neurons. However, functional changes induced by long-term METH self-administration on mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and redox homeostasis are less known. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we implanted adult mice with a jugular catheter and trained them to nose poke for METH infusions in operant chambers. After completing several weeks of METH self-administration exposure, we collected samples of the ventral striatum (vSTR) and the ventral midbrain (vMB), containing the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), respectively. We used HPLC to determine the levels of the ROS scavenger glutathione in its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. Then, we used high-resolution respirometry to determine the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondrial complexes under several substrates and inhibitors. Finally, we used in vivo single-unit extracellular recordings to assess changes in dopamine neuron firing activity in the VTA. METH self-administration produces a progressive decrease of the GSH pool in vST, which correlates with METH lifetime intake. We observed increased mitochondrial respiration across the two mesolimbic regions, but only vMB OCR correlates with METH lifetime intake. We recorded an increased number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons with decreased firing rate and burst activity in the VTA. METH lifetime intake inversely correlates with firing rate, the percentage of spikes in a burst, and directly correlates with the number of neurons per track. We conclude that METH self-administration progressively decreased the antioxidant pool in sites of higher dopamine release and produced an increased mitochondrial metabolism in the mesolimbic areas, probably derived from the increased number of dopamine neurons actively firing. However, dopamine neuron firing activity is decreased by METH self-administration, reflecting a new basal level of dopamine neurotransmission in response to the prolonged effects of METH on dopamine release and circuitry feedback. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer
Today, we welcome James Watts from Whale Labs, in Australia. Whale Labs works on a variety of research projects, but today we talk with him about the honey bee venom collection and the commercial value of that venom. Whale Labs has developed a honey bee venom collector that is easy to use, does not harm the bees, and makes collecting bee venom fast, easy, safe and very profitable. Moreover, regular collections do not harm the hive, nor reduce honey production. The collector consists of a glass plate placed in at the entrance of the hive. Alarm pheromone is administered near the entrance of the hive to draw bees out of the hive. When bees start walking on the glass plate, embedded wires in the plate are made to pulse, or vibrate, which irritates the bees, that then sting the glass plate, ejecting venom. The barbed sting does not catch on the plate, so when the bees are empty of venom, they quit and return inside. The venom crystalizes and is easily gathered by scraping it off the glass plate. Raw venom in this form can be sold for $80 - $100 per gram. However, if it has the various components extracted, using an HPLC and a mass spectrometer (together valued at somewhere near $100,000), the principle component of this that is used in cosmetics and elsewhere, has a value of somewhere in the neighborhood of $1500/microgram, and one gram of venom contains about 200 micrograms of this particular valuable component. Whale Labs sells collectors, provides technical support, and the market for the collected products. Visit them at www.Whalelabs.com/au. Listen today. This could be your next profit generator from your operation. If you liked today's episode, subscribe/follow to keep up to date with the latest releases! Links and websites mentioned in this podcast: Whale Labs - https://www.whalelabs.com.au/ Honey Bee Obscura Podcast - https://www.honeybeeobscura.com ______________ We welcome Betterbee as sponsor of today's episode. BetterBee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, BetterBee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com Thanks to Strong Microbials for their support of Beekeeping Today Podcast. Find out more about heir line of probiotics in our Season 3, Episode 12 episode and from their website: https://www.strongmicrobials.com This episode is brought to you by Global Patties! Global Patties is a family business that manufactures protein supplement patties for honey bees. Feeding your hives protein supplement patties will help ensure that they produce strong and health colonies by increasing brood production and overall honey flow. Global offers a variety of standard patties, as well as custom patties to meet your specific needs. Visit them today at http://globalpatties.com and let them know you appreciate them sponsoring this episode! We want to also thank 2 Million Blossoms as a sponsor of the podcast. 2 Million Blossoms is a quarterly magazine destined for your coffee table. Each page of the magazine is dedicated to the stories and photos of all pollinators and written by leading researchers, photographers and our very own, Kim Flottum. _______________ We hope you enjoy this podcast and welcome your questions and comments: questions@beekeepingtodaypodcast.com Thanks to Bee Culture, the Magazine of American Beekeeping, for their support of The Beekeeping Today Podcast. Available in print and digital at www.beeculture.com Thank you for listening! Podcast music: Young Presidents, "Be Strong"; Musicalman, "Epilogue". Original guitar background instrumental by Jeff Ott Beekeeping Today Podcast is an audio production of Growing Planet Media, LLC
I caught up with Cathy & Vincent, who work in the Functional Ingredients, & Pharmaceutical Development Labs at #RSSL, to learn more about #vaccineexcipient and #bufferanalysis and the applicable techniques and equipment for this, and the process of method development to successfully analyse buffer components. If you have any questions for either Cathy or Vincent, please feel free to ask them below, and you can find out more about the labs by visiting RSSL's Covid-19 Analytical Testing Support page https://lnkd.in/gvTu7bsYou can also find our more about the case study Vincent mentioned here https://lnkd.in/erg-c_H?You can view many more interviews and demos from many other industry experts across Pharma, Bio-Pharma and Life Science on my YouTube channel RSK Life Science Media https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9vdET2xLlGweqveW6JmQdQ#methoddevelopment, #ionchromatography, #HPLC, #ContractResearch, #VaccineTesting, #VaccineBuffer, #VaccineComponents, #VaccineDevelopment, #VaccineResearch, #Covid19, #RSKRSSLhttps://lnkd.in/e5haTxp
Advice For Entering The Cannabis Industry - Yvette Pagano; CCO at GenTech Scientific | Riderflex - Recruiting & Sourcing Yvette is an dynamic C-suite executive with CEO, President, Board Member, and Business Ownership experience. As Chief Commercial Officer, Yvette focuses on leading GenTech's key growth initiatives including, talent development, marketing outreach, optimizing service offerings, as well as the design and execution of an asset management solution targeting cannabis laboratories. GenTech Scientific provides expertly refurbished analytical instrument sales, service, parts, training, and financing. Established in 1996 GenTech Scientific has been focused on maintaining the highest quality of analytical instrument sales, service and support. They supply high quality, completely refurbished GC, HPLC, MS, LCMS, & Orbitrap MS instruments. Their team consists of highly skilled chemists, field service engineers and technicians with the expertise to meet your laboratory's installation, training, method set-up, equipment familiarization and service needs. Listen to the full interview here: https://youtu.be/kDWQkjJB6ns On the Riderflex podcast, CEO Steve Urban interviews some of the most successful entrepreneurs, CEO's, and business leaders. Hear them tell the REAL stories of what it's like to start and lead businesses. Riderflex is a national, Colorado based, premier headhunter, RPO and employment agency; recruiting and searching the top talent for staffing teams. Colorado Recruiting Firm - https://riderflex.com/ Podcast sponsor: Marketing 360 is the #1 platform for small business and it's everything you need to grow your business. marketing360.com/riderflex #YvettePagano #GenTechScientific #Cannabis #interview #podcast #ColoradoRecruitingFirm #staffingagency #employmentagency #headhunter #recruitingfir #staffingfirm #Denver #Colorado #National --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/riderflex/support
Aging-US published a Special Collection on Eye Disease which included "Loss of macroH2A1 decreases mitochondrial metabolism and reduces the aggressiveness of uveal melanoma cells" which reported that uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumour in adults. Most accurate prognostic factor of UM is classification by gene expression profiling. These authors recently showed a strong prognostic role of the expression levels of histone variant macroH2A1 in UM patients. Mitochondrial function was assayed through qPCR and HPLC analyses. Correlation between mitochondrial gene expression and cancer aggressiveness was studied using a bioinformatics approach. Dr. Giovanni Li Volti and Dr. Manlio Vinciguerra said, "Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumour in adults." Metastasis is a frequent occurrence in uveal and cutaneous melanomas with a 5 years survival of 15%. By far the most common site of UM metastasis is the liver, reported in 87% of cases. Epigenetic mechanisms controlling gene expression have long been known to have a role in cancer development. In UM these include DNA methylation at CpG islands leading to decrease expression of p16/INK4a tumour suppressor protein. The Volti/Vinciguerra Research Team concluded in their Aging-US Research Output, "we suggest that strategies aiming at decreasing the expression of histone variant macroH2A1 [32], might effectively hamper the aggressiveness of UM cells, by inhibiting their mitochondrial phosphorylation. This could be a novel promising therapeutic strategy against UM [51]." Full Text - https://www.aging-us.com/article/103241/text Correspondence to: Giovanni Li Volti email: livolti@unict.it and Manlio Vinciguerra email: manlio.vinciguerra@fnusa.cz Keywords: macroH2A1, histones, uveal melanoma, metabolism, epigenetics About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research as well as topics beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, cancer, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. To learn more about Aging-US, please visit http://www.Aging-US.com or connect with @AgingJrnl Aging-US is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit http://www.ImpactJournals.com or connect with @ImpactJrnls Media Contact 18009220957x105 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
¡Muy buenas, entusiastas de lo digerible! Volvemos con una nueva entrevista presencial en el episodio #37 de Lo del Comer, esta vez junto a Jorge Alcantud, tecnólogo alimentario que trabaja actualmente como técnico de calidad en una industria de golosinas. Junto a él charlaremos sin tapujos sobre la elaboración de caramelos y gominolas, así como el papel que tiene el tecnólogo alimentario en este tipo de industria y la percepción que se tiene de la salud en relación a estos productos alimenticios. Por supuesto, también hay un espacio reservado al Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. En esta parte recordamos algunas de nuestras hazañas tecnólogas del pasado mientras debatimos sobre la utilidad de la carrera en el mercado laboral y algunos aspectos relacionados, como por ejemplo el estudio de másteres sobre nuestro sector. Finalmente abordamos algunos temas de actualidad como el polémico lanzamiento de la crema de cacao Realfooding, y muchas otras movidas. Os dejo por aquí un pequeño resumen de algunos de los temas que comentamos: - Cómo es trabajar en una industria de golosinas - ¿Hasta qué punto se tiene en cuenta la nutrición en este tipo de industrias? - Cómo es un proceso habitual de elaboración de golosinas - ¿Qué es HPLC y para qué sirve? - Nuestra experiencia estudiando CyTA - Recomendaciones sobre el estudio de másteres en CyTA - Anécdotas en la Universidad - ¿La divulgación científica debería ser siempre altruista? - Carlos Ríos y el polémico lanzamiento de su crema de cacao ¡Espero que os resulte de interés! Para cualquier sugerencia, petición, ruego, consulta, queja, o anhelo, nos leemos en comentarios. Escucha Lo del Comer en: 🔊iVoox: https://bit.ly/3vhIcmL 🔊Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3gqD0aO 📹YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/sefifood 🔊Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3cCEcql 🔊Google Podcasts: https://bit.ly/3gdzqSs Más Jorge Alcantud: Sitio Web: https://mrprobeta.wordpress.com/author/mrprobeta/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/JorgeAlcantud Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jorgealcantud/ Más SefiFood: Sobre mí: https://sefifood.es/acerca-de/ Blog: http://sefifood.es Discord: https://bit.ly/2RzRUT5 Canal secundario (directos completos de Twitch): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCczBS2wW4cW-KU_J3uaOlEQ Mis redes sociales: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/sefifood Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/sefifood Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sefifood/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/SefiFood
It was great to catch up with Kim who is now Director, Chemistry Marketing and Product Management last year at Analytical Virtual to learn about the biggest challenges #Scientists and #Researchers face in #LCMS and #Chromatography and how #Waters are helping scientists meet them.We also spoke about the new ACQUITY PREMIER Columns and how they can help scientists.Find out more https://www.waters.com/waters/en_GB/ACQUITY-Premier-System/nav.htm?cid=135077739&xcid=ppc-ppc_08027&s_kwcid=AL!13256!3!537041125084!p!!g!!acquity%20premier&gclid=Cj0KCQjwnJaKBhDgARIsAHmvz6dcmHB5NDHLcUWz4yVTFqzw-Ndv4VAgmrJR46vH1IVlSWyJO7q_mkkaAh85EALw_wcB&locale=en_GBYou can view this and many more interviews and demos from many other industry experts across Pharma, Bio-Pharma and Life Science on my YouTube channel RSK Life Science Media https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9vdET2xLlGweqveW6JmQdQ#WatersPremier, #Analytica2020, #HPLC, #Chromatography,
This topic has been selected from the book, "Analytical Chemistry", written by G. D. Christian and others
This topic has been chosen from the book, "Analytical Chemistry', written by G. D. Christian
This chapter is from the book, "Analytical Chemistry", written by G. D. Christian and others. Topic-HPLC, Content: HPLC. Separation modes: NPC, RPC, IEC, IC, HILIC, SEC (GFC), ICE, Chiral LC, affinity LC. Stationary phases. Equipment details
This topic has been selected from the book, "Analytical Chemistry", written by G. D. Christian and others. Topic - Chromatography: Principles and theory. Learning points: Countercurrent extraction. How chemicals are separated on a column. Types of chromatography- adsorption, partition, ion exchange, size exclusion. Chromatographic nomenclature. Theory of column efficiency. Plate number. Van Deemter equation for packed GC columns. Golay equation for open tubular GC columns. Huber and Knox equations for HPLC. Retention factor. Chromatographic resolution. Separation factor. Chromatography simulation software and databases.
This episode centers on the critical role that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plays in the production of adeno-associated viral (AAV) therapies, the latest advances in AAV design and the next steps in their development. Filling me in on all things HPLC and AAVs is Bella Neufeld, Director of R&D at Teknova. Bella reveals the essential validation and quality control steps required for the production of successful and safe AAV therapies and the role that both HPLC and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) play in these steps. We also explore the latest development targets for these therapies, looking at how AAVs can be targeted to specific sites and tissues before descending into the treacherous topic of reproducibility in the field. Listen today to find out the latest tips for best practice when working with HPLC, LCMS the advantages of LCMS over other analytical techniques to assess empty and full capsids and the key principles of AAV production! ContentsIntro: 00:00-01:25Explaining HPLC and its benefits: 01:25-03:30Developing adeno-associated viruses: 03:30-05:25 Chromatography in validation vs production of AAVs: 05:25-06:15Quality control vs hands on time: 06:15-07:35 Challenges in AAV production: 07:35-08:55Examining the level of empty and full capsids: 08:55-10:00The role of LCMS in determining and validating AAV contents: 10:00-11:30 Tips for best practice when using HPLC: 12:30-13:10The future of HPLC: 13:10-14:20Latest advances in AAV development: 14:20-15:50Targeting AAVs: 15:50-17:20Reproducibility issues in AAV development: 17:20-19:35Outro: 19:35-21:10
This episode centers on the critical role that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plays in the production of adeno-associated viral (AAV) therapies, the latest advances in AAV design and the next steps in their development.Filling me in on all things HPLC and AAVs is Bella Neufeld, Director of R&D at Teknova. Bella reveals the essential validation and quality control steps required for the production of successful and safe AAV therapies and the role that both HPLC and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) play in these steps. We also explore the latest development targets for these therapies, looking at how AAVs can be targeted to specific sites and tissues before descending into the treacherous topic of reproducibility in the field.Listen today to find out the latest tips for best practice when working with HPLC, LCMS the advantages of LCMS over other analytical techniques to assess empty and full capsids and the key principles of AAV production!ContentsIntro: 00:00-01:25Explaining HPLC and its benefits: 01:25-03:30Developing adeno-associated viruses: 03:30-05:25 Chromatography in validation vs production of AAVs: 05:25-06:15Quality control vs hands on time: 06:15-07:35 Challenges in AAV production: 07:35-08:55Examining the level of empty and full capsids: 08:55-10:00The role of LCMS in determining and validating AAV contents: 10:00-11:30 Tips for best practice when using HPLC: 12:30-13:10The future of HPLC: 13:10-14:20Latest advances in AAV development: 14:20-15:50Targeting AAVs: 15:50-17:20Reproducibility issues in AAV development: 17:20-19:35Outro: 19:35-21:10 See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
I sat down with Lisa in April 2021 to discuss some common questions she gets on HPLC including;* Can you flush an #HPLCcolumn from both directions?* What quality should your used solvents be?* Is every substance detectable with a UV detector?* Why should you perform sample preparation?* Can you start the measurement immediately after switching on the system?* How long should you wait before using the system once I switch it on?You can get lots of great info by downloading the Knauer HPLC Good Practice Guide here https://lnkd.in/g6kUHdQ,and visiting www.knauer.netYou can view this and other interviews with leaders and experts from Knauer clicking on their playlist on my YouTube Channel RSK Life Science Media here https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFj-EpegwkMAKy3IfWRkv9c2Dj3gjNMdS#HPLC, #LC, #chromatography, #troubleshooting, #practiceguide, #hplctraining, #hplcapplications #RSKKNAUER
Alex Andrawes with Ionization Labs & Cann-ID joins us on the HempList this week, hosted By Chase Nobles, Founder of Kush.com Alex comes from working with the Wine industry and shares how they've had similar experiences with inconsistent testing with wine. Now with Cann-Id Alex brings their experience to the Hemp & Cannabis industry and allows even small to medium sized farms to run the hardware and software needed for in house testing. Cann-ID's kit includes an HPLC Chromatography system and all the guidance needed. Learn more about the process and see if it's a good fit for you in this quick podcast! Subscribe for more interviews each week, also available on Spotify and podcast apps. Learn more and create your account now at Kush.com for B2B transactions or shop.kush.com for online orders.
7-13-21 Tonight we're getting together with Frank Golbeck from Golden Coast Mead and Alyson Schramm Naeger from Schramm's Mead to talk about the Mead institute, a non-profit they have founded to establish Mead as an industry with a more than 1000 year future. The Mead Institute was co-foounded by Alyson and Frank to provide resources to mead professionals to enrich the mead experience from production through consumption. They have a detailed view of what they'd like to create with this venture: Getting a tasting protocol published and distributed with the goal of getting prominent wine writers to write about it. Educate the general population on mead terminology, including the process of how it is made and standards for quality. Achieve regular coverage of mead in beverage alcohol publications and media outlets. (“Beer, mead and cider” should be the standard of description for the “craft” beverage family.) Introduce mead as a premium beverage, able to be placed on the beverage lists of premier restaurants across the world and hold its own against the best beers and wines in the world. They also want to build up a Mead Institute library of premium commercial meads they can send out when needed. Create a curriculum for the education of individuals involved in the many aspects of mead making and sales. Create a scholarship fund to provide education for mead professionals. Establish a honey database - to include GCMS, HPLC and MRS data of major varietal honeys, to document authenticity markers and enable yeast and honey compatibility analysis pre-fermentation. After establishing a mead market nationally, define and enable regenerative honey to deliver on the promise of mead transforming the honey industry regenerative for the benefit of the earth, bees, beekeepers and consumers. Alyson Schramm Naeger cofounded Schramm's Mead in 2013 and currently serves as the CEO there. She is a Certified Specialist of Wine, a Certified Specialist of Spirits, a Certified Cicerone, a BJCP Mead Judge and a Certified Sommelier. She co-founded the Mead Institute in 2020 and envisions a mead industry that endures and thrives for 1000 years. Frank Golbeck cofounded Golden Coast Mead in 2010 and currently serves as the President there. He is a BJCP Mead Judge and co-founded the Mead Institute in order to establish a forum for the Mead Industry to discuss and formalize standards of quality in a professional and transparent way so that the industry can thrive as it grows. This player will show the most recent show, and when we're live, will play the live feed. If you are calling in, please turn off the player sound, so we don't get feedback.[break] [break]Click here to see a playable list of all our episodes! Sponsor: It's now mead slushee season, and we are celebrating with four rotating flavors. Each one is a dangerously delicious glass of heaven. Visit the state-of-the-art meadery and tasting room south of downtown Castle Rock, Colorado, in a converted man cave. Mention the Got Mead Podcast this month for a free slushee taster! They love visitors! www.honnibrook.com If you want to ask your mead making questions, you can call us at 803-443-MEAD (6323) or send us a question via email, or via Twitter @GotmeadNow and we'll tackle it online! 9PM EDT/6PM PDT Join us on live chat during the show Bring your questions and your mead, and let's talk mead! You can call us at 803-443-MEAD (6323), or Skype us at meadwench (please friend me first and say you're a listener, I get tons of Skype spam), or tweet to @gotmeadnow. Upcoming Shows July 27 - Danique Staal- De Noordelijke Mederij, Netherlands August 10 - Gordon Baron - Lancashire Mead, Great Britain August 31 - Tom Gosnell - Gosnell's Mead, Great Britain (recorded episode) Sponsor: Having trouble keeping accurate brew logs? Construct recipes and manage tasting notes with Adventurous Brewer.
Jack W. Moncrief, MD Dr. Moncrief has been in practice almost 50 years and was honored as one of the 7 physicians that made kidney medicine what it is today. In this show you will learn why and get in on a great conversation between colleagues and old friends. Dr. Moncrief and Dr. Berkson worked together in his clinic and dialysis center for almost 10 years. Both, together with Dr. Kenneth Burton, co-invented and worked on a combination drug/herb pharmaceutical and published original research shown below. Listen to Learn In this show you will learn how telemedicine got its start with an Austin kidney doctor wanting to do dialysis in faraway cities. By the nephrologist Dr. Jack Moncrief. Dr. Moncrief was the firsts doctor to do organ transplantation, dialysis, and dialysis in an infant, here in Texas. You hear about kidney health as well as how to treat brown recluse spider bites, so it doesn't become an acute medical emergency requiring surgeries and wound care. You also hear about nitroglycerin and its application in medicine. Also amazing is that Dr. Moncrief is still “seeing” patients, though mostly over telemedicine. But not all. So if you have any kidney issues that you need a set of truly experienced eyes on, you may want to reach out to him. Dr. Moncrief's accomplishments: Co-inventor and patent holder primary self/home dialysis procedure (CAPD) continuous parenteral ambulatory dialysis Nephrology practice 40 years Austin Biomedical research Moncrief-Popovich Research Institute Dialysis and Transplant practice First dialysis in newborn infant Their study: Free Radic Biol Med 2013 May;58:46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.020. Epub 2013 Jan 29. Acute effects of hemodialysis on nitrite and nitrate: potential cardiovascular implications in dialysis patients Nathan S Bryan 1, Ashley C Torregrossa, Asad I Mian, D Lindsey Berkson, Christian M Westby, Jack W Moncrief DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.020 Abstract Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients remains a serious problem. It is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general population. No molecular mechanism has been proven to explain this increased mortality, although nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated. The objective of our study was to determine the extent of the removal of the NO congeners nitrite and nitrate from plasma and saliva by hemodialysis, as this might disrupt physiological NO bioactivity and help explain the health disparity in dialysis patients. Blood and saliva were collected at baseline from patients on dialysis and blood was collected as it exited the dialysis unit. Blood and saliva were again collected after 4-5h of dialysis. In the 27 patients on dialysis, baseline plasma nitrite and nitrate by HPLC were 0.21±0.03 and 67.25±14.68 μM, respectively. Blood immediately upon exit from the dialysis unit had 57% less nitrite (0.09±0.03 μM; P=0.0008) and 84% less nitrate (11.04 μM; P=0.0003). After 4-5h of dialysis, new steady-state plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate were significantly lower than baseline, 0.09±0.01 μM (P=0.0002) and 16.72±2.27 μM (P=0.001), respectively. Dialysis also resulted in a significant reduction in salivary nitrite (232.58±75.65 to 25.77±10.88 μM; P=0.01) and nitrate (500.36±154.89 to 95.08±24.64 μM; P=0.01). Chronic and persistent depletion of plasma and salivary nitrite and nitrate probably reduces NO bioavailability and may explain in part the increased cardiovascular mortality in the dialysis patient.
Sunflower peptide as 'template' for potential analgesic Medical University of Vienna (Austria), June 28, 2021 A naturally occurring peptide in sunflower seeds was synthetically optimised and has now been identified as a potential drug for treating abdominal pain or inflammation (in the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal area and/or internal organs). That is the finding of an international study led by Christian Gruber from MedUni Vienna's Institute of Pharmacology (Center for Physiology and Pharmacology), which was conducted jointly with the University of Queensland and Flinders University in Australia and has now been published. The scientific aim of the study is to find analgesics that are only active in the periphery and do not cross the blood-brain barrier, as an alternative to commonly used synthetic opioids. Gruber explains the background: "Morphine was one of the first plant-based medicines and was isolated from the dried latex of poppies more than 200 years ago. It binds to opioid receptors in the brain and is still regarded as the main pillar of pain therapy. However, there is a high risk of opioid addiction, and an overdose - as a result of this strong dependency - inhibits the breathing centre in the brain, which can result in respiratory depression and, in the worst case, in death." For this reason, researchers throughout the world are trying to make analgesics safer and to find active drug molecules that do not have the typical opioid side-effects. Sunflower extracts were to some extent used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In the current study, the scientists from Austria and Australia, primarily PhD student Edin Muratspahi?, isolated the plant molecule that may be responsible for this effect. Medicinal chemistry methods were then used to optimise the so-called sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), one of the smallest naturally occurring cyclic peptides, by 'grafting' an endogenous opioid peptide into its scaffold. A total of 19 peptides were chemically synthesized based on the original SFTI-1 blueprint and pharmacologically tested. "One of these variants turned out to be our lead candidate for as potential innovative analgesic molecule, especially for pain in the gastrointestinal tract or in the peripheral organs. This peptide is extremely stable, highly potent and its action is restricted to the body's periphery. Its use is therefore expected to produce fewer of the typical side-effects associated with opioids," point out Gruber and Muratspahi?. The mode-of-action of the peptide is via the so-called kappa opioid receptor; this cellular protein is a drug target for pain relief, but is often associated with mood disorders and depression. The sunflower peptide does not act in the brain, hence there is much less risk of dependency or addiction. Furthermore, it selectively activates only the molecular signalling pathway that influences pain transmission but does not cause the typical opioid side-effects. The data of the animal model in the current study are very promising: the scientists see great potential for using this peptide in the future to develop a safe medication - which could be administered orally in tablet form - to treat pain in the gastrointestinal tract, and this drug could potentially also be used for related painful conditions, e.g. for inflammatory bowel disease. Using Nature's blueprint The research of this MedUni Vienna laboratory led by Christian Gruber exploits the concept of using Nature's blueprint to develop optimised drugs. "We are searching through large databases containing genetic information of plants and animals, decoding new types of peptide molecules and studying their structure, with a view to testing them pharmacologically on enzymes or membrane receptors and ultimately utilizing them in the disease model," explains Gruber. Finally, potential drug candidates are chemically synthesised in a slightly modified form based on the natural blueprint, to obtain optimised pharmacological properties. Study associates organic food intake in childhood with better cognitive development Analysis of multiple prenatal and childhood environmental risk factors suggests that poor nutrition, house crowding and indoor air pollution are associated with poorer cognitive function Barcelona Institute for Global Health (Spain), July 1, 2021 A study analysing the association between a wide variety of prenatal and childhood exposures and neuropsychological development in school-age children has found that organic food intake is associated with better scores on tests of fluid intelligence (ability to solve novel reasoning problems) and working memory (ability of the brain to retain new information while it is needed in the short term). The study, published in Environmental Pollution, was conceived and designed by researchers at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)--a centre supported by the "la Caixa" Foundation--and the Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV-CERCA). The explanation for this association may be that "healthy diets, including organic diets, are richer than fast food diets in nutrients necessary for the brain, such as fatty acids, vitamins and antioxidants, which together may enhance cognitive function in childhood," commented lead author Jordi Júlvez, a researcher at IISPV-CERCA who works closely with ISGlobal. The study also found that fast food intake, house crowding and environmental tobacco smoke during childhood were associated with lower fluid intelligence scores. In addition, exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) indoors was associated with lower working memory scores. The study, titled "Early life multiple exposures and child cognitive function: A multi-centric birth cohort study in six European countries", used data on 1,298 children aged 6-11 years from six European country-specific birth cohorts (United Kingdom, France, Spain, Greece, Lithuania and Norway). The researchers looked at 87 environmental factors the children were exposed to in utero (air pollution, traffic, noise, various chemicals and lifestyle factors) and another 122 factors they were exposed to during childhood. A Pioneering Study The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of these exposures on the development and maturation of the human brain, since during childhood the brain is not yet fully developed for efficient defence against environmental chemicals and is particularly sensitive to toxicity, even at low levels that do not necessarily pose a risk to a healthy mature brain. The originality of the study lies in its use of an exposome approach, i.e. the fact that it takes into account the totality of exposures rather than focusing on a single one. This approach aims to achieve a better understanding of the complexity of multiple environmental exposures and their simultaneous effect on children's neurodevelopment. Another strength of the study, which analyses cohorts from six European countries, is its diversity, although this factor also poses the additional challenge of cultural differences, which can influence exposure levels and cognitive outcomes. Notable Associations The study found that the main determinants of fluid intelligence and working memory in children are organic diet, fast food diet, crowdedness of the family home, indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke. To date, there has been little research on the relationship between type of diet and cognitive function, but fast food intake has been associated with lower academic development success and some studies have also reported positive associations between organic diets and executive function scores. "In our study," explained Júlvez, "we found better scores in fluid intelligence and working memory with higher organic food intake and lower fast food intake." In contrast, exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor PM2.5 during childhood may negatively affect cognitive function by enhancing pro-inflammatory reactions in the brain. Still, according to Júlvez, it is worth bearing in mind that "the number of people living together in a home is often an indicator of the family's economic status, and that contexts of poverty favour less healthy lifestyles, which in turn may affect children's cognitive test scores". Some Surprising Findings The study also found some unexpected associations, which could be explained by confounding and reverse causality. For example, a positive association was found between childhood exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and cognitive function, even though PFOS is considered an endocrine disruptor that may alter thyroid function and negatively influence cognitive development. The study forms part of the large European project Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX), as does another recent paper that used the same exposome and the same participants but looked at symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood behavioural problems. "We observed that several prenatal environmental pollutants (indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke) and lifestyle habits during childhood (diet, sleep and family social capital) were associated with behavioural problems in children," explained Martine Vrijheid, last author of the study and head of ISGlobal's Childhood and Environment programme. "One of the strengths of this study on cognition and the earlier study on behavioural problems is that we systematically analysed a much wider range of exposure biomarkers in blood and urine to determine the internal levels in the model and that we analysed both prenatal and childhood exposure variables," concluded Vrijheid. Extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats Macau University of Science and Technology (China), June 28, 2021 According to news reporting out of Macau, People's Republic of China, research stated, “Mulberry leaf as a traditional Chinese medicine is able to treat obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that diabetes leads to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Macau University of Science and Technology, “It is also recently discovered that liver glycogen structure is impaired in diabetic animals. Since mulberry leaves are able to improve the diabetic conditions through reducing blood glucose level, it would be interesting to investigate whether they have any positive effects on intestinal microbiota and liver glycogen structure. In this study, we first determined the bioactive components of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Murine animal models were divided into three groups, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats, and HFD/STZ-induced rats administered with ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (200 mg/kg/day). Composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via metagenomics by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNAs. Liver glycogen structure was characterized through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both Student's t-test and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. A group of type 2 diabetic rat models were successfully established. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that ethanol extract of mulberry leaves could partially change intestinal microbiota back to normal conditions. In addition, liver glycogen was restored from fragile state to stable state through administration of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves. This study confirms that the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (MLE) ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “These finding can be helpful in discovering the novel therapeutic targets with the help of further investigations.” Supplemental antioxidants may reduce exacerbations in cystic fibrosis University of Colorado, July 2, 2021 An antioxidant-enriched vitamin may decrease respiratory exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis(CF), according to new research published online iin the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. In "Effects of an Antioxidant-Enriched Multivitamin in Cystic Fibrosis: Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Trial," Scott D. Sagel, MD, PhD, a professor of pediatrics at Children's Hospital Colorado and director of the University of Colorado Cystic Fibrosis Center, and coauthors report a 50 percent reduced risk of time to the first exacerbation requiring antibiotics in those receiving the supplemental antioxidants. During the 16-week study of 73 patients (36 received supplemental antioxidants), 53 percent of the antioxidant-treated group experienced 28 exacerbations, compared to 68 percent of the control group who experienced 39 exacerbations. The researchers also found that supplemental antioxidants increased circulating antioxidant concentrations of beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10, gamma-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) and lutein and transiently decreased inflammation (at 4 weeks, but not 16 weeks) as measured by two blood-based biomarkers of inflammation, calprotectin and myeloperoxidase (MPO). People with CF typically experience chronic bacterial infections, which lead to inflammation and the release of "vast amounts of reactive oxygen species in the airways," the authors wrote. Normally, they added, the body would marshal an antioxidant defense to neutralize this oxidant stress, but CF is characterized by dietary antioxidant deficiencies. This contributes to an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and more inflammation, which leads to lung damage and a progressive loss of lung function. "Improving antioxidant status in CF is an important clinical goal and may have a positive effect on health," Dr. Sagel said. "Oral antioxidant formulations had been tested in CF with mixed results. However, there had not been a well-designed randomized controlled trial of an antioxidant 'cocktail' that included multiple antioxidants in a single formulation." This phase 2 trial, conducted at 15 CF centers affiliated with the CF Foundation Therapeutics Development Network, enrolled patients who were 10 years and older (average age 22 years), with pancreatic insufficiency, which causes malabsorption of antioxidants. Participants had an FEV1, the measure of how much air can be forcefully exhaled in one second, between 40 and 100 percent of what would be predicted, based on age, gender, height and a range of other characteristics. Patients in the control group received a multivitamin without antioxidant enrichment. The two groups tolerated their vitamins equally well, and there were no differences in adverse events between the two groups. The study did not meet its primary endpoint: change in sputum MPO concentration over 16 weeks. The authors chose sputum MPO "rather than another marker of airway inflammation such as neutrophil elastase because MPO generates reactive oxidant species as part of its function in innate host defense mechanisms, and is considered by many a marker of oxidative stress." "While the antioxidant supplement did not appear to exert sustained anti-inflammatory effects, we believe its effect on time to first pulmonary exacerbation was significant and clinically meaningful," Dr. Sagel said, adding that the improvement in antioxidant status alone may justify its use. "Developing safe and effective anti-inflammatory treatments remains a key priority of the CF community." Maternal diets rich in Omega-3 fatty acids may protect offspring from breast cancer Marshall University School of Medicine, June 28, 2021 According to researchers at Marshall University, a maternal diet rich in Omega-3 fatty acids protects from breast cancer development in offspring. In a new studyrecently published by Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, researchers noted a significant difference in mice from mothers that were fed a diet rich in canola oil, compared with mothers fed a diet rich in corn oil. A maternal Omega 3-rich diet affected genome-wide epigenetic landscape changes in offspring and potentially modulated gene expression patterns. Dr. Ata Abbas, a former postdoctoral research fellow in Marshall's Department of Biological Sciences, headed a research team under the leadership of Dr. Philippe Georgel in the College of Science. Research was done in the Cell Differentiation and Development Center at Marshall as part of a collaborative effort with the Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine's Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, under the leadership of Dr. W. Elaine Hardman. Researchers noticed a three-week delay in mortality in mice whose mothers were fed canola oil versus corn oil. The early delay in mortality was significantly different, but the ultimate overall survival rate was not. Eventually, all the mice developed tumors, but the ones fed canola oil had tumors that were slower-growing and smaller than the mice fed corn oil. Translated to human time scale, the duration of the protective effect linked to the maternal diet would be equivalent to several months (Sengupta et al., 2016). This study is among a body of work done by Marshall University scientists and others looking at the link between Omega-3 fatty acids and reduced incidence of various types of cancer including, but not restricted to, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. "The issue of parental diet and inter-generational transmission has become an important field of research; however, the mode of action often remains partially elusive," said Georgel, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Marshall. "The MU research group focused on 'epigenetic' aspects of trans-generational transmission to explain the reported role of Omega-3 fatty acids. Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression which are not linked to changes in genetic sequences. These results have the potential to promote the design of simple changes in diet which would allow for reduced onset of various types of cancer, not only for the individuals using that diet but also for their offspring." Compounds found in green tea and wine may block formation of toxic metabolites Tel Aviv University (Israel), July 2, 2021 A new Tel Aviv University study suggests there is hope of treating certain inborn congenital metabolic diseases -- a hope found in green tea and in red wine. Most people with inherited metabolic disorders are born with a defective gene that results in a critical enzyme deficiency. In the absence of a cure, many patients with inborn congenital metabolic disorders must adhere to a strict and demanding diet their entire lives. This new research finds that certain compounds found naturally in green tea and red wine may block the formation of toxic metabolites. The research was led by Prof. Ehud Gazit of TAU's Faculty of Life Sciences and his doctoral student Shira Shaham-Niv. It was published in the Nature group journal Communications Chemistry. The researchers considered two compounds: (1) epigallocatechin gallate, known as EGCG, found naturally in green tea, which has attracted attention within the medical community for its potential health benefits; and (2) tannic acid, found in red wine, which is known to prevent the formation of toxic amyloid structures that cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. "In the case of inborn congenital metabolic diseases, the body does not produce a vital metabolic enzyme," Shaham-Niv said. "As a result, metabolites -- substances that are, among other things, the building blocks of DNA and proteins -- accumulate in the body. Such uncontrolled accumulation is toxic and can cause severe developmental and mental disorders. "Our new study demonstrates once again the ability of nature to produce the best candidate of drugs to treat some of the worst human maladies." Collectively, this group of disorders constitutes a significant portion of pediatric genetic diseases. The disease phenylketonuria (PKU), which produces the aggregation of the metabolite phenylalanine, is one common inborn metabolic disease. Infants with PKU must adhere to a strict diet free of phenylalanine for the rest of their lives. If they don't, they may face severe debilitating developmental problems. "But this is an incredibly difficult task, since phenylalanine is found in most of the food products that we consume," Shaham-Niv said. "The avoidance of certain substances is the only way to prevent the debilitating long-term effects of inborn congenital metabolic disorders. We hope that our new approach will facilitate the development of new drugs to treat these disorders." The new research is based on two previous studies conducted at Prof. Gazit's TAU laboratory. In the first study, phenylalanine was shown to be capable of self-assembly and of forming amyloid structures like those seen in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. In the second study, by Shaham-Niv, other metabolites that accumulate in other inborn congenital metabolic diseases were also shown to undergo self-assembly processes and form toxic amyloid aggregates. "Both studies led to an overhaul in the research community's understanding of metabolic diseases," Shaham-Niv said. "In our new study, we examined whether the molecules identified in past studies on Alzheimer's disease and other amyloid diseases, which are known to inhibit the formation of amyloid aggregates, could also help counteract the amyloid formation process of metabolites in metabolic diseases." The new research focused on EGCG and tannic acid using test tubes and culture cell systems. The two substances were tested on three metabolites related to three innate metabolic diseases: adenine, cumulative tyrosine and phenylalanine. The results were promising. Both tannic acid and EGCG were effective in blocking the formation of toxic amyloid structures. The researchers also used computer simulations to verify the mechanism driving the compounds. "We are entering a new era of understanding the role and the importance of metabolites in various diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and even cancer," Shaham-Niv concluded. "The tools we have developed are ground-breaking and have tremendous potential to help a wide range of patients in the future." People with fibromyalgia are substituting CBD for opioids to manage pain University of Michigan, June 24, 2021 Fibromyalgia is one of many chronic pain conditions that remains stubbornly difficult to treat. As the ravages of the opioid epidemic lead many to avoid these powerful painkillers, a significant number of people with fibromyalgia are finding an effective replacement in CBD-containing products, finds a new Michigan Medicine study. CBD, short for cannabidiol, is the second most common cannabinoid in the cannabis plant, and has been marketed for everything from mood stabilization to pain relief, without the intoxicating effects produced by the most common cannabinoid, THC. THC, which stands for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is the ingredient in marijuana that causes people to feel high. The cannabis industry has exploded, aided by the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in states around the United States and the removal of hemp-derived CBD from Schedule 1 status--reserved for drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse--at the federal level. Previous research shows that some people substitute medical cannabis (often with high concentrations of THC) for opioids and other pain medications, reporting that cannabis provides better pain relief and fewer side effects. However, there is far less data on CBD use. "CBD is less harmful than THC, as it is non-intoxicating and has less potential for abuse," said Kevin Boehnke, Ph.D., a research investigator in the Department of Anesthesiology and the Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center. "If people can find the same relief without THC's side effects, CBD may represent a useful as a harm reduction strategy." Boehnke and his team surveyed people with fibromyalgia about their use of CBD for treatment of chronic pain. "Fibromyalgia is not easy to treat, often involving several medications with significant side effects and modest benefits," Boehnke explained. "Further, many alternative therapies, like acupuncture and massage, are not covered by insurance." For this study, the team focused on 878 people with fibromyalgia who said they used CBD to get more insight into how they used CBD products. The U-M team found that more than 70% of people with fibromyalgia who used CBD substituted CBD for opioids or other pain medications. Of these participants, many reported that they either decreased use or stopped taking opioids and other pain medications as a result. "I was not expecting that level of substitution," said Boehnke, noting that the rate is quite similar to the substitution rate reported in the medical cannabis literature. People who said they used CBD products that also contained THC had higher odds of substitution and reported greater symptom relief. Yet the finding that products containing only CBD also provided pain relief and were substituted for pain medications is promising and merits future study, noted Boehnke. The team noted that much of the widespread use of CBD is occurring without physician guidance and in the absence of relevant clinical trials. "Even with that lack of evidence, people are using CBD, substituting it for medication and doing so saying it's less harmful and more effective," he said. Boehnke stressed the need for more controlled research into how CBD may provide these benefits, as well as whether these benefits may be due to the placebo effect. Clinically, opening up lines of discussion around CBD use for chronic pain is imperative, said Boehnke, for medication safety reasons as well as for "enhancing the therapeutic alliance and improving patient care."
In today's episode Agilent's own John DiMare speaks with Tim Keefauver about education in the Lab and how you can take advantage of all the offerings Agilent provides. For More information from this episode: www.agilent.com/crosslab/university Peak Tales is a podcast designed for scientists, researchers, and students. In each episode, we discuss tips and tricks to help you improve your high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) methods and results. Each episode is dedicated to either HPLC or GC separation. Join our application specialists as they cover topics that increase your productivity and give you the best chromatography results possible. For more information go to: www.agilent.com Want to suggest a future topic for discussion on HPLC or GC separation? Email the producer at peaktales@agilent.com with your idea. Thanks for listening and tell your chromatography colleagues about this great new resource!
Episode Description We are looking back on the Summer of 2019. One of Kirk and Trevor's highlites was going to HempFest in Saskatoon. We talked to Jodi McDonald of Keystone Labs. Jodi's company will sell you a "Key Box" to allow you to get lab quality analysis of your home grown cannabis. And Jodi is infectiously animated when she explain HPLC and mass spec. Robert Belanger is a potter whose ceramic pipes are stronger than glass. Robert gets the unusual complaint that his smoking accessories are too beautiful to use. Lane Britnell goes deep on growing media. Lane explains why "Dirt is dead. Soil is alive." Music by: Wreckin' So https://www.wreckinso.com/ https://www.facebook.com/wreckinsoofficial/ (Yes we got a SOCAN membership to use this song all legal and proper like) Additional Music: Desiree Dorion www.desireedorion.com/ Marc Clement http://marcclementmusic.com/ Links: Keystone Labs - https://keystonelabs.ca/ Robert Belanger - passthepipe420 on Instagram - https://instagram.com/passthepipe420?igshid=1vllryt2l5pwi Fextern - https://www.fexterncannabis.com/
The son of a Pennsylvania preacher, Philip Koehler made his way to Florida courtesy of the U.S. Navy. Eventually he became a Professor of Urban Entomology at the University of Florida. He’s developed a mosquito and fly trap that uses a minimal amount of insecticides, and he also has developed a trap for bed bugs. He patents inventions because “you can write an article for a scientific journal and no one will ever use it.” TRANSCRIPT: Intro: 0:01 Inventors and their inventions. Welcome to Radio Cade a podcast from the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention in Gainesville, Florida. The museum is named after James Robert Cade, who invented Gatorade in 1965. My name is Richard Miles. We’ll introduce you to inventors and the things that motivate them, we’ll learn about their personal stories, how their inventions work, and how their ideas get from the laboratory to the marketplace. Richard Miles: 0:38 Bugs. We’re back to talk about something that everyone who lives or is from Florida is very familiar with and very happy to have on Radio Cade this morning, Dr. Philip Koehler, who is a professor of Urban Entomology at the University of Florida. Thanks for being with us Phil. Dr. Philip Koehler: 0:51 It’s wonderful to be here with you. Richard Miles: 0:53 Phil, I know if I tried to describe your technology I would completely mess it up. So I’m going to ask you to sort of tell me a little bit about your, your core technology core invention , um , and explain it as if , uh , and in this case, very realistic scenario. I don’t know anything about it. Dr. Philip Koehler: 1:11 Yeah, we, we started back in , uh, back in around 2010 or so trying to take on flies and mosquitoes as very dangerous animals that needed to be controlled because they , uh, they are very important from the standpoint of human welfare. There were very few products that were environmentally friendly to be able to control these , uh , these potential disease factors. And we’d gotten some funding from the military in order to develop, first of all, fly traps. And second of all , um , mosquito traps in order to be able to control them. And we’ve, we’ve developed several new technologies that have now been patented and are in the process of being commercialized throughout the entire world. Richard Miles: 1:53 And so if I understand correctly, these technologies , um, they’re, they’re mostly not, or do they have anything to do with sort of insecticides or sprays or anything, or these are different types of pest control? Dr. Philip Koehler: 2:05 Everything that we’ve done utilizes insecticides, however, they are contained so that people won’t contact them. And also they’re not a danger to the environment because they are contained. Richard Miles: 2:16 Okay, so they’re not like sprayed on a field or they’re more in receptacles or containers? Dr. Philip Koehler: 2:23 Exactly. We’re, we’re putting them associated with something that the insects like to go to. So you don’t have to, you don’t have to spray large areas of land. And that was one of the things that I was concerned about back in 2015, that the state of Florida, in order to control Zika factors, u h, they were spraying by air, over large tracks of land. And in many cases, that was the only thing that they had available to them. Richard Miles: 2:50 Okay. So I think, I , I think I understand more or less, and I hope our listeners do as well. So let’s, let’s go back in time to a young Phil Koehler , uh , sort of tell us your origin story, where were you from and how did a nice guy, like you ended up , dealing with bugs? Dr. Philip Koehler: 3:05 Oh, I started growing up in Southeastern Pennsylvania and , uh , my family actually goes back to like 1702. They bought the farm from William Penn. So we were longstanding in the state of , uh, of Pennsylvania. However, I ended up in Florida somehow. And, and I remember when I was playing little league baseball, I was always the right fielder, which was always the sorriest player on the team. And if a ball was hitting my direction, I would never know it because I was watching the ants crawl around on the ground. So I always have enjoyed insects in one way or another through my entire life. Richard Miles: 3:44 So, at what point did you know you weren’t going to make the majors, pretty early on in your baseball career? Dr. Philip Koehler: 3:49 I was, I think the , the managers of the team hated to put me on the field. And so I think it was pretty clear I was not, Richard Miles: 3:56 And this is the days before helicopter parents. Right? So it’s not like your dad stormed onto the field and demanded more playing time for you, right? Dr. Philip Koehler: 4:02 My dad didn’t do that. He did not storm onto the field because I was bad player. Richard Miles: 4:08 So were either of your parents, scientists at all? Dr. Philip Koehler: 4:11 Neither one, as a matter of fact, my father was a minister and, u h, he was, u h, he was for years in, in Pennsylvania then, u h, went to Virginia and then retired back to Pennsylvania again. So it’s, u h, so probably I have a long history of people talking i n my family. Richard Miles: 4:33 Um, so how did you end up in Florida? Did you come here as an undergraduate or did your family have a connection here? Dr. Philip Koehler: 4:39 Actually, no. What happened was I did my undergraduate work at Catava college, which was a college that was affiliated with the church that my father, my father was a minister in . And so I got a really good break because ministers don’t get paid very much. And so I got a good break as far as cost . And then, Richard Miles: 4:59 So, this is in Pennsylvania? Dr. Philip Koehler: 5:01 Uh , this was Catava College is in North Carolina, Salisbury, North Carolina. And while I was there, I was picked up for two NSF fellowships at Oak Ridge National Lab. And I was working on chironomid midges. In other words , uh , uh, insects that grow on the bottoms of lakes. And they had a Lake there that had been contaminated with radioactive waste from building the bombs for , uh , bombing Japan. They’d put that waste in 55 gallon drums, buried it in the hillside. And when they rusted out, they built a dam then to contain the radioactive waste. So I would walk out there and the radioactive waste, collect these midges and then determine the , the abnormalities that were a result of radiation. So I did two summers there, and then I went to Argonne National Lab and was doing neutron activation a nd gamma Ray spectroscopy, which is a physics project. And I found out what I really didn’t want to do in life, which was that. Richard Miles: 6:02 So let me guess, did you, did you volunteer for this, Phil? This sounds sort of like dangerous work, radioactive midges, and I mean, did somebody have a gun to your head or what? Dr. Philip Koehler: 6:11 There were many days that someone was walking behind me with a Geiger counter to see how much radiation I was actually getting. And maybe that’s the reason. Richard Miles: 6:18 He said it was a Geiger counter right there. Just make sure you weren’t didn’t turn and run away. Dr. Philip Koehler: 6:21 Of course, that may be why I’m so strange today. Richard Miles: 6:25 So you shifted from that , um, into, or did you already have an interest in entomology before that sort of academic interest? Dr. Philip Koehler: 6:32 Yes. I had an academic interest in entomology and actually I took my first entomology class at Catava College. But then I went on to Cornell University and got my PhD at Cornell University. I was going to be drafted into the army. They already had me down for that . They already did my physical and were going to put me in the trenches in Vietnam. And I had the opportunity to get into the Navy as an entomologist. And I went in as a Lieutenant , uh , entomologist and spent three years then in Jacksonville. And because I was at Jacksonville and, and teaching classes , on insect control to two Navy personnel, I got to work closely with some of the faculty here at the University of Florida. So I ended up then getting hired, u h, at the University of Florida as an assistant professor back in 1975. So I’ve been here for 44 years. Richard Miles: 7:31 So who knew, thanks to the U.S. Navy, you ended up in Gainesville, Florida. Dr. Philip Koehler: 7:35 That’s right. And what was interesting was I got in the Navy because they needed another entomologist to go to Vietnam, to take care of some of the mosquito problems there. And , um, and at that time they started winding down Vietnam. And so I stayed there in , in Jacksonville for my entire tour of duty. So I had three years , uh , three years there and now 44 here. Richard Miles: 8:01 So I’m going to have to start giving the Navy professional credit here. Cause you’re actually the second guest in a row. I just had a guest on and his sort of trajectory was also to do with the Navy and it was in the area of radio-frequency antennas and he eventually went into the MRI business and so on. And so, you know, go Navy, I guess. Um, uh , okay. So let’s, let’s come sort of back to where you are, did not start a company with your technology, but you did license the technology and understand there’s a company in Italy that is using it? Dr. Philip Koehler: 8:28 Yeah. So, so what happens at the University of Florida is , uh, when you have something that you think is patentable, you let the university know because they have first choice to , uh, to decide whether they want to adopt it or not. The University of Florida adopted these technologies. And then , uh, found a partner with a company that is actually managed out of Italy, but is a Florida company now. And it’s called Florida Insect Control Group. And they’re just to commercializing the technologies that we developed. Richard Miles: 8:59 And who are , who are the major clients, I mean, are these sort of governments that are buying or anybody, these aren’t retail products right? Dr. Philip Koehler: 9:05 Okay. The , the process for this is , is very long and convoluted in order to get the technologies that we have available because we’re using insecticides. We have to go through all of the registration processes for every , uh , for every country that, that these products are going to be sold. And so right now , uh , we’re in the last stage, the company’s in the last stages of getting EPA registration in the United States and also European union , uh , registration , uh , for European countries and also former colonies of those of those countries as well. So, so basically the only registration that we have for use right now is in Poland. And I have no idea why Poland, I can’t even read the label on the product, but it was, it was one that, u h, that seemed reasonable for them to go to. First, Richard Miles: 9:59 I noticed also that you are, you have been inducted or were inducted in the pest management professional hall of fame. I have to say, you’re the first inductee in the pest management hall of fame and I’ve met so, honored here. Dr. Philip Koehler: 10:12 Yeah . So that was, that was quite an honor because they , uh, they try to choose the people that have made the most outstanding contributions to the pest management industry throughout the country and throughout the world. Actually, most of the , uh, the, the organization national pest management association is , uh , is not national. It’s a worldwide association where they have participants from all over the world, including India and Japan. And another thing that I forgot to tell you was that this year I’m being inducted as a fellow in the National Academy of Inventors and, Richard Miles: 10:48 Oh, congratulation in Tampa right? Dr. Philip Koehler: 10:49 It was first started in Tampa, but this year the, the award is going to be in Houston at the space center there. And from what I understand, the, the award will be passed out by the gentlemen who is in charge of patents and trade for the U.S. Richard Miles: 11:04 Oh, Congratulations. Dr. Philip Koehler: 11:05 So it’s quite quite an honor for me. And also I think for the University of Florida. Richard Miles: 11:10 Um, Phil, if you’re allowed to tell us, what are you working on now in terms of research, sort of what’s on the horizon , um, in terms of your , uh , sort of academic interests , or do you have anything else that you are getting ready to license or patent that you can talk about? Dr. Philip Koehler: 11:25 Well, actually , um , uh , I think that according to the University of Florida records, I have 19 patents in the U.S. that have been issued and probably five international. And , uh, there are five more that are being issued at this point. So, so we have quite a, quite a stack of them going through that are novel inventions that, that we’re trying to bring to people, to be able to manage insights that are dangerous in their own yards and in an environmentally friendly way. Richard Miles: 11:57 One thought that occurred to me, Phil is how much do you have to know of or work with? Um, uh, I guess sort of like urban planners or urban designers, or even sociologists, because it occurs to me that some of the patterns in what you’re dealing with right, are , are concentrations of people making decision on somewhere to live, and those patterns change over time. And they change city by city country, by country. How much of your work intersects with that world in which you’re , you’re actually looking at the sociology of the urban environment before you look at the bugs there? Dr. Philip Koehler: 12:28 Yeah. Well, we haven’t really worked with the sociologists all that much. Um , what we’ve, what we’ve been trying to do is work with people in material science and engineering in order to come up with formulations that can be used in the way that we want these products to be used. So by putting together the people that have a knowledge of the molecules, along with the people that have a knowledge of the insects, we’ve been able to come up with novel ways of approaching insect control. So one of the first products that we came up with was a fly trap. That was a color blue. And if you’re familiar with fly traps at all, they’re usually yellow. Now I did not understand why they were yellow because flies always go to blue over yellow and as a matter of fact, it’s like two to one, they’ll go to blue over yellow, but most of the fly traps were developed in agriculture for agriculturally important pests. They’re attacking plants and a sick plant is yellow. And so the i nse cts attracted to things that are, that the agricultural pests are attracted to things that are mostly yellow in color. So they just went ahead and said, we control flies too. W ell , guess what? Blue is a better color. So we came up with blue. And one of the things that I noticed was flies like to squeeze into small cracks and crevices. And I couldn’t believe it. We grow flies at our l ab, of course, and you can put them in a plastic bag and, and crinkle it up. Like you would a bag of potato chips and try to try to seal it off as tight as you can. And the flies would find their way out. They love squeezing into cracks and crevices. So they’re actually attracted to the blue color and then secondarily the black color of a crack. So what we did was we put, uh, w e p u t a piece of yarn on there, treated the yarn with insecticide, and we could kill thousands of flies in a short period of time. We hung them over dumpsters and the flies would, would fall dead. And we catch them in a tray underneath and be able to count them. And it was thousands of flies and like a 24 hour period that you could kill with just a little bit of product on, uh, o n m a ybe 12 inches of yarn on a blue w ith t hat’ s put on a blue background and they’re attracted to the blue color. They think there’s a crack there because they see the black on the blue and they go to that and there’s food there. So they eat it and they die. And it’s a very nice way to be able to control flies without spraying everything around your property and around your, um, y o ur farm for fly control. Richard Miles: 15:05 So you, you make it sound kind of easy, but this, I imagine took hours and hours of research. I mean, I just pity the poor grad assistant who had to count all those flies, right? I mean, this is, this is how long did it take just to , uh, determine what you just told me is that months of research or is that years of research? Dr. Philip Koehler: 15:21 Oh it was years. Actually, we started out by putting, by doing electroretinograms on the flies. Now he’s like electroretinogram is where you shine a particular wavelength of light onto a fly eye. And you have a probes set in there. So you can determine whether there’s an electrical impulse going to the brain or not from that , uh, from that light. And then you can change the wavelengths of light and find out what the fly is most sensitive to. And they’re most sensitive to blue and they can see yellow. And that’s actually, that was the only color that repelled flies. And so the traps that are out there, u h, for the most part are yellow and r epelling flies. Richard Miles: 16:03 In your experience, Phil , is there a certain personality type of people that are attracted to entomology research? Cause it’s, you know, they’re animals for sure, but they’re not like cute furry animals and they’re not plants. So have you noticed any commonalities and you know, you and your colleages? Dr. Philip Koehler: 16:19 Well for a lot of the people, and I must admit this goes back quite a few years, my experience with antibiotics , uh , they’re very much like engineers, they’re socially awkward. And so, so it’s , uh , it’s rather interesting dealing with both engineers and , and entomologists as well. And one other thing, Richard Miles: 16:38 It’s almost like the , the joke, you know, accountants will tell about actuaries and actuaries tell about accounts and who is the more socially awkward, is it something like that? Dr. Philip Koehler: 16:45 Yeah, and maybe the entomologists have been engineer’s beat and you asked how many flies we had to count in order to get this thing done. It was amazing how many flies that we had to count. I had a, I had a student that came to the University of Florida , uh, from Thailand and she didn’t speak very much English and I couldn’t figure out what project to put her on. So I told her to count all the flies and we had one of those traps that we had made, and we wanted to see how many flies it could kill with one charge. So we hung with hung that trap in a cage and we killed flies and we, and we, then we would add more flies in, cause we couldn’t get all the flies in the cage that all at one time we keep on adding flies as they died. And then she had to count every one and she spent three months counting flies. We got up to 40,000. We were still killing 99% of the flies that we released in the cage. And she had to go back to Thailand and so we stopped counting, but every morning I would go in there and she would, u h, she’d separate the flies out into piles of 10. And she would have the days kill there, which m ay b e four or 5,000, u h, flies. And then, u h, then count each fly individually. Richard Miles: 18:06 So I can imagine she went back and had great stories to tell a parties. What did you do in the United States for three months? Well I counted flies. Dr. Philip Koehler: 18:12 Yes. It was an exciting place. Richard Miles: 18:16 Hopefully it didn’t scare off of entomology . Dr. Philip Koehler: 18:18 Actually that information was quite valuable. We killed 40,000 flies with the thing with one charge. And we did that over three months now , you know, whether it’s effective or not. Yeah . We didn’t have to retreat it at all. And so it’s been , uh , that , uh , that whole process of development of that , uh , of that product was, was actually quite interesting. And , um, and Florida insect control group acquired the rights to that and is commercializing that now. Richard Miles: 18:44 So Phil, you’ve also done some work with bedbugs. Tell me what that’s about. Dr. Philip Koehler: 18:47 Yes. We’ve been working extensively with bedbugs over the past 20 years. They started coming back in the U.S. Somewhere around the turn of the century where around the year 2000 or so , uh , bedbugs came back and people really didn’t have a good way to , uh, to manage them. What we’ve done is invented a new type of trap that you can put underneath a bed. And one of the things that they can’t do at the hotels and motels is u sed traps very effectively because they, underneath the mattress and box Springs, they usually have wood that’s on the ground, like a t wo-by-six, u h, that is underneath the mattress and box Springs as a frame. W ell, we’ve invented, u h, u h, a trap t hat can go around those beds and w e’ve feel that we can eliminate the b edbug problem in many of the hotels and motels that would have problems with ifestations. Richard Miles: 19:41 That sounds like a huge commercial potential there, right? I mean, I’ve known a few people, who’ve had bedbugs and it sounds like an absolute nightmare in terms of actually getting rid of them. Dr. Philip Koehler: 19:49 And everyone’s fear is you, when you travel, you stay at a , you stay at a place and you may pick up bedbugs and it’s very easy to bring bedbugs home. And you may be faced with , uh , with a $1,000 or a $2,000 bill in order to have them controlled in your house. They can be much more expensive than even termites to control. Richard Miles: 20:07 Because the conventional treatment now is you have to wet seal off and fumigate a room? Is that how you do it? Dr. Philip Koehler: 20:13 In many cases in Florida, they’re doing fumigation. However, there is heat treatment that’s also available. Uh, but none of those provide longterm protection. As soon as you have the temperature, go back to normal or release the gas, then the bedbugs can come back in again from someplace else. So the next time you stay at a motel, you may bring them back in and it may cost. It may cost a lot of money in order to be able to get them controlled. So we’re trying to come up with some solutions that people could put under , uh, under the legs of their bed, or even in hotels and motels that can be put , uh , put as a frame or underneath the frame of the bed in order to catch bed bugs that are, that are brought into the place. Richard Miles: 20:55 Phil, as you look back on your career, you know, starting in Philadelphia and going to North Carolina and then to Jacksonville , then to Gainesville , um, you know, what, what sort of lessons have you learned or what lessons would you impart to say a younger version of you if you met them on the street, you know, a researcher and in particular, you know, since the Cade Museum , um, you know, we like to tell stories of inventions and inventors, particularly those who think that they’ve got a great idea, the idea may have market potential. Um, you know, what, what should they be thinking about , uh, now, or, you know, what , what do you wish you had done, if anything, and what do you wish you hadn’t done? So that should be enough material in that question to go for quite a long time. Dr. Philip Koehler: 21:37 Okay. Well that was to go for , for quite a while . As a matter of fact , um , my advice to , to kids is they , they need to go to a college that they really , uh , there that really fits their personality. Not every, not every child is destined for the University of Florida and not everybody that gets into the University of Florida is going to be able to adjust, adjust to the size of the university. Because I went to a small place like Catava College that had somewhere around 1100 students, which is, you know , maybe the size of our department at the University of Florida. Um, it allowed me to be able to grow as a person with a small group that , uh, that we all knew each other. And you can survive at the University of Florida if you have a small group. And like at the end of biology department, we do a very good job of, of taking care of our students individually. But there are other departments that have thousands of students in them. We have, we have probably 50 undergraduates and maybe 140 , uh , graduate students. So we’re a small department in the overall scheme of things at the University of Florida. And I think it’s very important for, for kids to be able to find a place that they’re comfortable with , uh, based on their own personality. And even at the University of Florida, it’s a big place, but if you get into a small department, then you have kind of a small field to , uh , to a big place. Richard Miles: 23:06 As far as , uh, you know, a big invention. We had a recent guest on here who said , um, he , he thought a lot of people , uh, were focused on the short-term nature or the short term desire to hit it big out, you know, do something along the lines. But , uh , three to five years, and, and, and his experience was much different. He said, look, if you’re not willing to invest 15 or even 20 years into a project or a company or whatever , um, you know, you , it’s very unrealistic to think you’re going to succeed. Has that been your experience? Dr. Philip Koehler: 23:41 That’s very much my experience. And as a matter of fact , uh, I got in, I got into doing some of the patents and inventions , uh, because you can go ahead and publish a scientific article and put it in a book on a shelf and nobody will ever use it. And I thought that, that, that was a shame because a lot of good scientific research never gets implemented because the professor is being rated on how many publications he’s able to get into scientific journals. And they really don’t take much into account when they’re evaluating you on how many things that you’ve tried to do to make sure that what you’re doing is, is really effecting people’s lives to the positive. So, so I kind of look at it that it’s a long-term investment. And as a matter of fact, anytime that you’re dealing with , uh, with insecticides and trying to contain them in a way that would be environmentally safe, there are a lot of hoops that you have to go through and it’s a long-term process. And we started out way back in 2010 on the mosquito invention. And , uh , we still don’t have EPA registration yet. And part of the process was, was , uh, were some things that happened that I would have never anticipated. And one was that, u h, that when we, what we try to do in that mosquito invention is put a surface on the inside of a container because container mosquitoes are extremely important f or, for people’s health. Those container mosquitoes can transmit d aggy, u h, Zika, u h, Chicken Gunyah. And of course, yellow fever is coming back throughout the world. So those are container breeding mosquitoes. We can treat the interior of our container, have it the right c olor. S o the mosquitoes are attracted to it. So we have black and red is t he colors that are, that are attracted. And then we have a polymer because insecticides b reak d own very rapidly when they’re in high humidity or in water conditions. So we have a polymer to slowly release the chemicals i n the mosquitoes. Then in order to lay eggs, they land on the side of the container, or they rest inside the container b ecause they don’t fly all the time. U h, and then they die when they contact the insecticides, or if they lay eggs before they die, then the larvae then die in the container as well. Well, to make a long story longer, what happened was that EPA wants to know how long that insecticide is going to be at the right concentration when it’s on the shelf. So you have to do a two year study that you have to a pprove a two year shelf life. We ll, because we have a complex mixture. Everyone that deals with insecticides always does gas chromatography in order to determine the amount of chemical that’s in th ere, gas chromatography does not work for complex mixtures like ours. So we spent probably two years doing the wrong thing, trying to figure out what’s wrong with, with this assay, odd , w hy can’t we measure the amount of insecticide that’s in that container. And, and finally, I got so frustrated. I was, I would say, we need to use high pressure liquid chromatography HPLC in order to determine the concentration. And because the company that we’re working with is run out of Italy. They found a lab in Italy that goes, yeah, there isn’t any reason why you should have ever looked at gas chromatography for this. You sho uld ha v e do ne a H P LC right. To begin with. And so the y, t hey did it, everything came out fine. And now we’re dealing with EPA. And again, u h , th at the , t he data has been submitted there. So is it alo ng, t his is a long story, but guess what? Uh, i t ‘s not, as long as the story that we’ve had and tr ying to commercialize this, because you, aren’t going to make a fortune in a year, you aren’t going to make a fortune two years. And it probably is 15 to 20 years out that everything is going to work. We have players who are wanting to use this worldwide, and we have one company has a 37, 0 00 employees that does mosquito control throughout the world. They, they look at this as something that will be integrated into their programs and will work very well with what they’re currently doing. So they want to get a hol d of i t, but we’re stuck with a reg u latory hurdles right now in both the European union and the U.S. and China and Australia, and all of those other places. Richard Miles: 28:13 So here’s some free advice for you, Phil , when you give your acceptance speech at the National Academy of Inventors, repeat a lot of what you just said. I just heard the founder of that. Paul Sanberg, one of the founders, u m, talk about, u h, exactly what you said, that the process of patenting a nd commercialization is a far more effective way to expand the body of knowledge, u m, b ecause y ou g ot t o prove something works, u m, as opposed to simply publishing something academic journal, which may or may not get read, and then maybe forgotten about, but patenting by definition means you have to prove a certain standard and it’s, it’s widely available, widely use may be implemented. And so he argues all the time that inventors play this special role in expanding the body of knowledge, as opposed to, u h, just researchers. I mean, a lot of vendors are also researchers, but the inventors go that extra step of exactly what you just described t o h aving to prove something actually works. Dr. Philip Koehler: 29:03 You don’t often think about it from the standpoint of science, that the proof of science is to publish it in a peer reviewed journal. But the commercialization of that is a whole different process and, and very much , uh, very much different than what most academic people are used to dealing with. Richard Miles: 29:21 My final comment. Uh Phil’s I can’t wait to win a bar bet or trivial pursuit game by saying that insects are actually attracted to blue and not yellow. So I know it’s going to, if I just wait long enough, I know I’m going to , I’m going to win some sort of argument somewhere. Phil, thank you very much for coming on Radio Cade has been very , uh, interesting and , um, good luck and best luck with your research and your product. Dr. Philip Koehler: 29:43 Thank you. Richard Miles: 29:44 I’m Richard Miles. Outro: 29:48 Radio Cade would like to thank the following people for their help and support Liz Gist of the Cade Museum for coordinating and vendor interviews. Bob McPeak of Heartwood Soundstage in downtown Gainesville, Florida for recording, editing and production of the podcasts and music theme, Tracy Collins for the composition and performance of the Radio Cade theme song, featuring violinist, Jacob Lawson and special, thanks to the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention located in Gainesville, Florida.
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