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The UN says climate change is having a serious effect on the global supply of fresh water. Rivers and lakes are drying up while glaciers are retreating according to a new report. Also: South African police have found the body of a ninth murdered woman since July, as concern grows over a string of unexplained deaths near Johannesburg; Canada's prime minister has told the European Parliament he welcomes ambitions for associate EU membership in a speech containing thinly veiled criticism of Donald Trump's America; The chief executive of Microsoft AI says that unless adequate restrictions are implemented in the development of artificial intelligence, it could lead to the emergence of a new silicone species which would compete with humans; President Putin attempts to use parliamentary elections to claim support for the war in Ukraine; Buckingham Palace hits back at accusations made by Princess Diana's brother, Earl Spencer that within days of her death - the King, then Prince Charles, told him she would be "forgotten soon enough". The Palace said the King was “mindful that the pain of fraternal grief can cloud reason." And the controversy in Australia over the presence of crocodiles at the location chosen for the rowing and canoe sprints at the 2032 Brisbane Olympics. The Global News Podcast brings you the breaking news you need to hear, as it happens. Listen for the latest headlines and current affairs from around the world. Politics, economics, climate, business, technology, health – we cover it all with expert analysis and insight. Get the news that matters, delivered twice a day on weekdays and daily at weekends, plus special bonus episodes reacting to urgent breaking stories. Follow or subscribe now and never miss a moment. Get in touch: globalpodcast@bbc.co.uk Photo: Drought forces Indonesian villagers to collect water from dried-up creeks, Indonesia on 17th Sep 2026 Credit: EPA/Shutterstock
On this episode, Mike Gromacki revisits the show to discuss some of the latest news at Norplex-Micarta. Now 10 months into his role as CEO there, Mike is helping shape the company's next chapter around a clear focus: “Life Critical. Mission Critical. Composites.” We'll discuss what that means for their capabilities, the markets they serve, […] The post Life Critical. Mission Critical. Composites: The Future of Norplex-Micarta with CEO Mike Gromacki first appeared on Composites Weekly.
China's soybean processors are facing higher costs and tightening supplies ahead of Chinese President Xi Jinping's expected U.S. visit, potentially putting American soybean purchases back in the spotlight. NAFB News ServiceSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
On this episode, Rhona Togher, CEO and co-founder of Lios, joins the show. Lios is an Irish company developing advanced materials to tackle unwanted noise and vibration. Its flagship technology, SoundBounce, takes a different approach to acoustic insulation—combining a responsive material with a cellular structure to address difficult low-frequency noise without the weight and bulk of conventional solutions. […] The post SoundBounce and The Future of Acoustic Materials: Interview with Rhona Togher of Lios first appeared on Composites Weekly.
Medical logistics was an afterthought for a lot of us in GWOT. You submitted a request, something showed up, and everyone joked that the warehouse never read the order. That model does not survive large-scale combat operations.In this episode, Dennis sits down with Jesse Bashel, a medical logistician and acquisitionist, to walk through how SOF medical supply is supposed to work—pre-deployment, on deployment, and after the first 15 days. They cover NSNs versus product names, automatic in-lieu substitutions, Theater Lead Agents for Medical Materiel (T-LAM), the shift from OCO “easy button” money to MFP-2 vs MFP-11 rules, statements of requirement, and why most medical items are service-common (GCC problem) while a tiny slice of SOF-peculiar items stay on MFP-11.The conversation then turns practical: MedLog personnel usually have zero clinical training. How do you teach them why a 6.0 tube matters for a surgical airway instead of an 8.5 ET tube? How do you get logisticians into Ridge Healer, unit training, and field exercises so they stop treating the property book as the mission? And why, in LSCO, logistics itself starts looking like a combat MOS—because the side that can feed, fuel, and bandage longer usually wins.If you are an 18 Delta, flight medic, battalion PA, group surgeon, this one is for you.Key takeawaysOrder by NSN (or full product name + manufacturer), not the nickname you use in the aid bag. Vendors should put NSN placards on tables at SOMA.The system will auto-accept “in-lieu” substitutes unless the logistician blocks it. That is how you get Halo chest seals when you wanted HyFin.SOF units are required to deploy with 15 days of supply. After that, the Geographic Combatant Command (usually MFP-2 / service-common) is supposed to resource the rest; SOCOM MFP-11 covers only SOF-peculiar items (certain CASVAC sets, freeze-dried plasma in some cases, specific antivenoms, etc.).A Statement of Requirements (class I–IX) should be built jointly by the team and the TSOC 180–270 days out when possible, validated by surgeon + J4, then sent to the GCC for a service lead to resource.Most medical products are MFP-2. Do not default everything to “SOCOM will pay.”Close the gap: five-minute education sessions when medics hit the cage, bring logisticians forward on training events, and treat enablers like part of the team instead of a battle squire.In LSCO, supply lines will be targeted. Logistics personnel need to be trained and treated as if they will be on the battlefield—not just in an office.Visit prolongedfieldcare.org, follow @prolonged_field_care, and subscribe so you stay on the bleeding edge of combat medicine.Chapters02:02 – Pre-deployment ordering done right: NSNs vs product names and why you get the wrong chest seal04:24 – In-lieu / substitute items and how to stop the system from auto-accepting them05:24 – Theater Lead Agent for Medical Materiel (T-LAM) catalogs and how they get built07:09 – MFP-2 (service common / common user) vs MFP-11 (SOF peculiar)08:27 – Joint pub requirement: SOF deploys with 15 days of supply10:07 – Who pays for days 16–60? GCC vs US SOCOM headquarters12:10 – Statement of Requirements process: team + TSOC + GCC J4 validation15:58 – MedLog has no medical training—how to educate them before they send the wrong tube21:17 – Closing the operator–logistician distance; policy is not always law26:00 – Retaining SOF-enabler talent instead of rotating everyone back to conventional force28:22 – SUBACUS lessons and why enablers must not be a liability forward30:29 – Two LSCO paradigm shifts: SOF as supporting force + logistics as a combat MOS32:08 – Positional warfare, endurance, and targeting supply lines (bullets, batteries, bandages)32:50 – Where to do the work: put a logistician on the DTS for Ridge Healer and big exercises34:25 – Flip side: teach operators the fiscal and appropriation reality so they can advocate overseas
Aurora Sweet shares about her experiences picking up school supplies as a child.
On this episode, Nathan Silvernail joins the show. He is the co-founder and CEO of Plantd—a company reimagining how structural building materials are manufactured. Before launching Plantd, Nathan spent nearly a decade at SpaceX, where he helped develop advanced manufacturing systems for the Crew Dragon spacecraft. He is now applying that same engineering mindset to […] The post How Former SpaceX Engineers Are Turning Grass into Carbon-Negative Structural Panels first appeared on Composites Weekly.
If you want to build a floral business that generates $200,000, $250,000, or more—especially in a seasonal wedding market—you may eventually need to figure out how to execute multiple events in the same weekend.But taking on more weddings does not automatically mean making more money.If your team, production schedule, ordering, transportation, communication, and logistics are not ready for the volume, a big revenue weekend can quickly become an expensive, exhausting shitshow.In this episode, Jeni pulls back the curtain on a recent weekend where her studio produced approximately $43,000–$45,000 in wedding work and explains exactly what made that possible.The first piece is team.You physically cannot process, design, load, deliver, install, and tear down tens of thousands of dollars in flowers by yourself. Jeni shares how she builds a freelance team, evaluates people based on their strengths, and assigns work based on what each person can execute efficiently.Because being talented is not enough.A freelancer can make beautiful flowers and still destroy your margin if every arrangement takes twice as long as you budgeted.Jeni also explains why clear expectations matter—from what each person is responsible for to how long projects should take, when freelancers will be paid, what paperwork is required, and how to make sure the owner does not become the bottleneck for every question.Then comes preparation.Inventory needs to be counted.Mechanics need to be built.Supplies need to be purchased.Foam, chicken wire, wristlets, tape, cages, vessels, candles, and rentals need to be ready before the wedding week begins.Your ordering strategy matters too. Large-volume weekends require strong wholesaler relationships, realistic ordering deadlines, backup plans, and enough product margin to account for damage and unexpected flower issues without wildly overbuying.From there, Jeni walks through how she creates a production schedule so everyone understands what needs to happen and when. Bouquets, bud vases, foam designs, personals, installations, and other pieces all have a place in the production flow.And efficiency goes far beyond floral design.Keeping the studio clean, removing empty buckets, managing boxes, consolidating leftover flowers, boxing finished designs as you go, and creating smart loading systems can save enormous amounts of time when several events are happening at once.Jeni also shares how she plans wedding-day timelines, uses delivery windows, creates detailed logistics forms, documents rentals, clearly communicates teardown expectations, and makes sure everyone knows exactly what happens to the flowers and rental items at the end of the night.Finally, she talks about something florists often forget:The aftermath.Large events create a large cleanup.And if you are building a business that operates at a higher revenue level, you need to budget resources for what happens after the flowers leave the studio too.Scaling is not simply doing more.It is building better systems so you can do more while protecting your sanity, your client experience, and your profit.In this episode, Jeni talks about:Why seasonal florists may need multiple-event weekends to reach larger revenue goalsWhat it took to execute approximately $43K–$45K in wedding work in one weekendWhy you cannot scale without a teamHow to recruit additional freelance designersWhy you should identify every freelancer's superpowerThe difference between talent and efficiencyHow slow labor can destroy profitabilityWhy attitude and studio energy matter tooCreating clear daily task lists so you are not the bottleneckAssigning one person to a design category for consistencySetting clear freelancer payment and paperwork expectationsPrepping rental inventory before wedding weekBuilding mechanics ahead of timeOrdering enough product to account for breakage without excessively overbuyingWhy strong wholesaler relationships matter at high volumeCreating backup plans for flower problemsBuilding a production scheduleKnowing when your studio is falling behindWhy cleaning as you go improves efficiencyCreating systems for garbage, compost, boxes, and empty bucketsConsolidating extra flowers into a wedding-day emergency bucketBoxing finished designs as you goOptimizing vehicle space for transportationCreating an installation tool kitUsing delivery windows when managing multiple eventsBuilding a wedding-day logistics sheetDocumenting rental inventoryCreating a clear teardown planBudgeting for cleanup after the eventWhy higher revenue requires evolving processes and staffingTeam lessonDo not simply ask:“Can this person design flowers?”Ask:What are they GREAT at—and how efficiently can they do it?Someone might be incredible at installations and inexperienced with personal flowers.Someone else might make bridesmaid bouquets incredibly fast.Someone might be a processing machine.Build your team around those strengths.Because the goal is not simply to finish the wedding.The goal is to finish the wedding profitably.The big-event mindset shiftHigher revenue requires more than bigger proposals.It requires:Better team.Better prep.Better systems.Better communication.Better logistics.You physically cannot do everything yourself.And you should not have to.Key takeawayIf you want to scale your floral business, stop asking:“How can I personally do more?”Start asking:“What systems, people, and processes need to exist so the business can handle more?”That is how bigger weddings become sustainable instead of overwhelming.
FACT -> Marketing is CRITICALLY IMPORTANT to sell the things we make. However, marketing often comes with an “ick factor” for many of us, as we are exposed to HUNDREDS of advertisements PER DAY, many of which are dishonest and misleading, with the products prioritizing convenience and profits over the environment.How can we break this cycle? Enter Dave Dennis, co-found of Ventana Surfboards & Supplies who takes us through his thinking about ETHICAL MARKETING and helps us understand that there is no easy perfect solution here, but we can CERTAINLY DO BETTER over time. He also discusses the problem of Greenwashing, where companies intentionally misrepresent their environmental friendliness as a means to sell product. Join us for a revealing and eye-opening conversation, and let us know if you decide to try the “TELL NO LIES” CHALLENGE?!Ventana Surfboards & Supplies: https://ventanasurfboards.comVentana's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ventanasurfboardsTo watch the YOUTUBE VIDEO of this episode and the unfiltered AFTERSHOW, subscribe to our Patreon: http://patreon.com/user?u=91688467
This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.thebulwark.comTim, Sarah, and JVL discuss the U.S. Supreme Court letting Trump's ballroom go ahead (for now), why JVL thinks John Roberts is the Susan Collins of the Supreme Court, and whether Sarah is warming up to tearing down the ballroom in 2029. Plus: Trump says Kristen Welker should be punished for pointing out that his endorsed candidates are losing more often, and JVL wonders whether Republicans will have to be an anti-Canada party now. Later: The gang discusses Bari Weiss's kinda racist headline about Abdul El-Sayed's past tweets, why elected Republicans around the country (but especially Ken Paxton) are feeling depressed about their midterm prospects, and an absolutely wild story about a Florida congressional candidates in today's Morning Shots.If you have pre-ordered Sarah's book (THANK YOU!) and want a signed bookplate for your copy of How To Eat an Elephant, fill out this online form. Sarah has been signing bookplates all summer and wants to make sure this Bulwark community gets first dibs. St. Martin's Press will send out bookplates after the book is published on September 8, free of charge. Supplies are limited.Show links:Read JVL's TriadRead Andrew Egger's Morning Shots* Get your tickets for The Bulwark's Good Fight Tour this October, coming to Charlotte, Columbia, and Atlanta.* Sarah's How to Eat an Elephant book tour kicks off this week! Last chance for tickets to her D.C book talk with Kara Swisher and NYC show with JVL at 92NY.Watch, listen, and leave a comment.This ad-free video version of The Next Level is exclusively for Bulwark+ members.
Ryan and Noah sit down with the Nuge himselfShout out and huge thanks to our sponsorswww.ameribrade.comwww.pheonixabrasives.comwww.bakerforge.comwww.evenheat-kiln.comwww.texasfarriersupply.comTwo Basterds Smithy & Supplies on instagramCheck out our small business spotlight membersKHDAILY KNIVESROCK SOLID SCALESPELICAN PASTETIMBER TIGER FORGEHIDDEN ROSE FORGE CAD DESIGN Thanks to our monthly supporters Julian Doiron JC Stelzer Vanden Gaaskjolen Gabe Fletcher Mathern Knives Your Wife's Boyfriend only eats Red Delicious Donald Bryant Mathern Knives Walker Knife Co. Kris Modisette Daniel Smith poseymetalworx@gmail.com Evan Dudley Grant Ball Todd Newton-Twin Oaks Forge Coulter Moulton Waltrip knives Waltrip Knives Baker Forge & Tool Bald Man Knife & Tool Clint Long Fingal Greg Nuckols micah dunn Onlyfans @Bencuttsknifeworks Just Brad @brads_customs David Burke Brent Dignam AmeriBrade Travis Haines (@birdforge) Collin of Hayworth Handmade Jeremy of 419 Forging BryanHunt.hiddenroseforge Will From Maine @sprucehillstudio Ira Houseweart Timber Tiger Forge, Chris Magnus Brian Hinnenkamp - Tortuga Bladeworks KraftyMan Forge MaritimeKnifeSupply.COM Tyrell Knifeworks Todd Harrington TH Blades Marc Leblanc Brigham Kindell AROO Bladeworks knifematerial.at Donny Dulevich ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
With CAMX just a few weeks away, it’s a perfect time to revisit one of our previous conversations with Daniel Murphy of Alcove Media on a topic that every exhibitor should be thinking about: how do you actually generate business from a trade show? Many companies invest tens of thousands of dollars exhibiting at events, but simply showing […] The post CAMX Is Coming: Here's A Smarter Strategy for Trade Show ROI first appeared on Composites Weekly.
For perspective on the latest developments in the war with Iran, Amna Nawaz spoke with retired U.S. Navy Rear Adm. Mark Montgomery and Michelle Wiese Bockmann, an analyst at Windward, a London-based maritime intelligence company. PBS News is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy
Daily? Weekly? Monthly? When does the money your business makes actually become YOUR money?
Horror Hangout | Two Bearded Film Fans Watch The 50 Best Horror Movies Ever!
The world is ending... You may as well eat.Andy Conduit-Turner is joined by Bunny Rabbit director James Branson to discuss the visceral post-apocalyptic film which has its UK premiere at FrightFest in London on Monday 31st August (tomorrow)!In the aftermath of a climate-collapsed 2030 Australia, young Bunny roams the ruins of the post-apocalyptic world she never got to grow up in. Raised by her deceased father on old books and B-movies, she now lives alone in the shack they once shared. Supplies are scarce and food is running out. There is nothing left to hunt… Except other people!https://frightfest.co.uk/LondoN2026/https://frightfest.co.uk/LondoN2026/bunny-rabbit.htmlwww.horrorhangout.co.ukPodcast - https://fanlink.tv/horrorhangoutPatreon - https://www.patreon.com/horrorhangoutFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/horrorhangoutpodcastX - https://x.com/horror_hangout_TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@horrorhangoutpodcastInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/horrorhangoutpodcastThreads - https://www.threads.com/@horrorhangoutpodcastIMDB - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt29623213/Andy - https://instagram.com/andyctwrites/James - https://www.instagram.com/misterjamesbranson/Audio credit - Taj Eastonhttp://tajeaston.comSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/thehorrorhangout. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Energy markets have been surprisingly resilient amid the disruption to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. However, there are few signs of relief in markets for refined products such as diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel, says Nitin Jindal, head of Global Commodities in Goldman Sachs FICC and Equities, on The Markets podcast. Jindal also discusses China's remarkable adjustment to the disruption in energy supplies and the outlook for natural gas prices in Europe as winter approaches. The opinions and views expressed herein are as of the date of publication, subject to change without notice, and may not necessarily reflect the institutional views of Goldman Sachs or its affiliates. The material provided is intended for informational purposes only, and does not constitute investment, legal, or tax advice, a recommendation from any Goldman Sachs entity to take any particular action or be used as a basis for any other investment decision, or an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any securities or financial products. Any forward-looking statements, case studies, computations or examples set forth herein are for illustrative purposes only. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Neither Goldman Sachs nor any of its affiliates make any representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the statements or information contained herein and disclaim any liability whatsoever for reliance on such information for any purpose. Each name of a third-party organization mentioned is the property of the company to which it relates, is used here strictly for informational and identification purposes only and is not used to imply any sponsorship, affiliation, endorsement, ownership or license rights between any such company and Goldman Sachs. This material should not be copied, distributed, published, or reproduced in whole or in part or disclosed by any recipient to any other person without the express written consent of Goldman Sachs. A transcript is provided for convenience and may differ from the original video or audio content. Goldman Sachs is not responsible for any errors in the transcript. Disclosures applicable to information relating to Goldman Sachs Global Banking & Markets, if any, mentioned herein, are available here. https://www.goldmansachs.com/disclaimer/salesandtrading Filmed on August 26, 2026 © 2026 Goldman Sachs. All rights reserved. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
A shift in supply dynamics and shifting trade flows are weighing heavily on North American livestock markets, reversing months of tight inventory trends and record-high retail prices. In this Beef Market Update, Shaun Haney of RealAgriculture sits down with Anne Wasko of Gateway Livestock Exchange to unpack the factors driving the recent downturn in cash... Read More
The strength of the Body is revealed when every member faithfully supplies their part. In Part 2 of this message, Pastor Corey Erman continues teaching on the importance of finding your place, using what God has entrusted to you, and working together in unity. No role is insignificant, when every believer contributes, the entire Body grows stronger and more effective. “But now God has set the members, each one of them, in the body just as He pleased.” - 1 Corinthians 12:18To support this ministry and help us reach the nations with revival visit RiverWPB.com or text GIVE and any amount to (855) 968-3708.
Kristen Gauvin is the President of Boxes To Boots. She joins us to discuss their needs as the organization has now expanded to just beyond Christmas gifts. Visit BoxestoBoots.org to learn more!
Erman reveals how God designed the Church so that every member has a function, purpose, and supply. Discover why your participation matters and how faithfully serving in your place helps strengthen and build the entire Body. “The whole body, joined and knit together by what every joint supplies… causes growth of the body for the edifying of itself in love.” - Ephesians 4:16To support this ministry and help us reach the nations with revival visit RiverWPB.com or text GIVE and any amount to (855) 968-3708.
Ryan and Noah sit down with SharkyShout out and huge thanks to our sponsorswww.ameribrade.comwww.pheonixabrasives.comwww.bakerforge.comwww.evenheat-kiln.comwww.texasfarriersupply.comTwo Basterds Smithy & Supplies on instagramCheck out our small business spotlight membersKHDAILY KNIVESROCK SOLID SCALESPELICAN PASTETIMBER TIGER FORGEHIDDEN ROSE FORGE CAD DESIGN Thanks to our monthly supporters Julian Doiron JC Stelzer Vanden Gaaskjolen Gabe Fletcher Mathern Knives Your Wife's Boyfriend only eats Red Delicious Donald Bryant Mathern Knives Walker Knife Co. Kris Modisette Daniel Smith poseymetalworx@gmail.com Evan Dudley Grant Ball Todd Newton-Twin Oaks Forge Coulter Moulton Waltrip knives Waltrip Knives Baker Forge & Tool Bald Man Knife & Tool Clint Long Fingal Greg Nuckols micah dunn Onlyfans @Bencuttsknifeworks Just Brad @brads_customs David Burke Brent Dignam AmeriBrade Travis Haines (@birdforge) Collin of Hayworth Handmade Jeremy of 419 Forging BryanHunt.hiddenroseforge Will From Maine @sprucehillstudio Ira Houseweart Timber Tiger Forge, Chris Magnus Brian Hinnenkamp - Tortuga Bladeworks KraftyMan Forge MaritimeKnifeSupply.COM Tyrell Knifeworks Todd Harrington TH Blades Marc Leblanc Brigham Kindell AROO Bladeworks knifematerial.at Donny Dulevich ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
W. Fitzhugh Brundage, Part Two: The suspension of exchanges leads to massive prisoner concentrations. This is illustrated by a grueling transport to Andersonville, a Georgia camp built to relieve Richmond's strained supplies, and the Union's equally harsh sand spit camp at Point Lookout, Maryland. Conditions at Andersonville deteriorated catastrophically, with over 100 prisoners dying daily due to exposure, famine, and water supply contamination. Brundage highlights the experiences of Black captives like Isaac Gaskins, who were enslaved as forced Confederate laborers. After the war, camp commandant Henry Wirz was executed for war crimes, and Clara Barton helped identify 13,000 Union dead at Andersonville to establish a national cemetery. (2)
When an emergency strikes, the UN Children's Fund, UNICEF, aims to get life-saving supplies moving within 72 hours. UNICEF's emergency response includes health, water and sanitation, education and recreation kits, as well as critical support for vaccine cold chains. At its major humanitarian supply hub in Copenhagen, Denmark, emergency kits are pre-positioned and ready to be dispatched to countries affected by conflict or natural disasters. Erika Abs, UNICEF Emergency Supply and Logistics Coordinator, spoke to UN News's Felipe de Carvalho and explained why much of the most important work happens before emergencies even begin.
Fluent Fiction - Hebrew: Finding Confidence: A Summer Tale of Supplies and Self-Belief Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/he/episode/2026-08-23-07-38-20-he Story Transcript:He: ביום קיץ חם ונעים בשכונת מגורים שקטה, אבנר והליורה יצאו לטייל ברחובות המוצלים.En: On a hot and pleasant summer day in a quiet residential neighborhood, Avner and Hayora went for a walk through the shaded streets.He: הילדים שיחקו בצדדים, והצחוק שלהם התגלגל כאילו היה חלק מהאוויר הצח.En: The children played on the sides, and their laughter rolled as if it were part of the fresh air.He: אבנר, נער חרוץ ומודאג, ידע שהשנה החדשה בבית הספר מתקרבת ומה שנחוץ לו כעת היו ציוד לימודי חדש שייתן לו ביטחון להתחיל את השנה בקלות.En: Avner, a diligent and concerned young boy, knew that the new school year was approaching, and what he needed now was new school supplies to give him the confidence to start the year with ease.He: הם הגיעו לחנות הקטנה של רונן, שהיתה ממוקמת בין הבתים כמו סוד מקומי שמעטים הכירו.En: They arrived at Ronen's small shop, which was nestled among the houses like a local secret that few knew.He: החנות הקטנה ומלאת הציוד תמיד הקסימה את הליורה, ואבנר הרגיש גם הוא נמשך פנימה, אף על פי שחש מעט חשש.En: The small, equipment-filled shop always fascinated Hayora, and Avner found himself drawn inside, despite feeling a bit apprehensive.He: רונן, בעל החנות עם עבר נסתר כמורה, קיבל אותם בחיוך גדול.En: Ronen, the shop's owner with a hidden past as a teacher, greeted them with a big smile.He: "שלום לכם!En: "Hello there!He: צריכים עזרה?En: Need any help?"He: " שאל ידידותית.En: he asked friendly.He: אבנר רצה לשאול על הציוד המושלם, אבל היה קצת ביישן.En: Avner wanted to ask about the perfect supplies but was a bit shy.He: הליורה דחפה אותו קלות ואמרה, "תשאל אותו, הוא בטוח יודע!En: Hayora nudged him gently and said, "Ask him, he surely knows!"He: "בהיסוס, אבנר הודה כי מחפש ציוד שיכין אותו היטב לשנה החדשה.En: Hesitantly, Avner admitted that he was looking for supplies to prepare him well for the new year.He: רונן הנהן והתחיל לדבר על תקופתו כמורה.En: Ronen nodded and began to talk about his time as a teacher.He: הוא סיפר לאבנר איך תמיד ראה שהציוד אינו מה שהופך תלמיד למצוין, אלא הבטחון והנחישות שלו.En: He told Avner how he always saw that it's not the supplies that make a student excellent, but his confidence and determination.He: "הציוד חשוב, אבל האמונה בעצמך יותר חשובה," אמר רונן בחום.En: "Supplies are important, but believing in yourself is more important," Ronen said warmly.He: "פעם הייתי בדיוק כמוך, ומה שהכי עזר לי היה להאמין בעצמי.En: "I was once just like you, and what helped me most was believing in myself."He: "סיפורו של רונן נגע ללבו של אבנר, והוא הרגיש יותר בטוח.En: Ronen's story touched Avner's heart, and he felt more confident.He: לאחר זמן קצר, בחר אבנר מחברת עטיפה כחולה ועיפרון עם מחק מגניב - בדיוק מה שרצה.En: Shortly after, Avner chose a notebook with a blue cover and a cool pencil with an eraser – just what he wanted.He: אבל מעבר לזה, הוא יצא מהחנות עם תחושה חדשה של ביטחון.En: But beyond that, he left the shop with a new sense of confidence.He: כאשר הם יצאו מהחנות, הליורה אמרה, "ידעתי שרונן יעזור לך!En: As they left the shop, Hayora said, "I knew Ronen would help you!"He: " אבנר חייך, וידע שבתוך לחיצת ידו של רונן היה לא רק כוחה של עצה טובה, אלא גם תחושת שייכות שכה חיפש.En: Avner smiled and knew that within Ronen's handshake was not just the power of good advice, but also a sense of belonging that he so sought.He: השנה החדשה התחילה באור חיובי ואופטימי.En: The new year started with a positive and optimistic light. Vocabulary Words:pleasant: נעיםresidential: מגוריםshaded: מוצליםdiligent: חרוץapproaching: מתקרבתsupplies: ציודconfidence: ביטחוןnestled: ממוקמתapprehensive: חששhidden: נסתרadmitted: הודהdetermination: נחישותbelief: אמונהtouched: נגעbelonging: שייכותoptimistic: אופטימיlaughter: צחוקrolled: התגלגלconcerned: מודאגequipment: ציודfascinated: הקסיםgreeted: קיבלperfect: מושלםhesitantly: בהיסוסprepare: להכיןimportant: חשובwarmly: בחוםshortly: קצרcool: מגניבpositive: חיוביBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/fluent-fiction-hebrew--5818690/support.
Who's ready for a new adventure? This week, the party prepares for their next trek into the Darklands. Supplies are packed, plans are made, and confidence is high. But if there's one thing our heroes are known for, it's forgetting the one thing they'll inevitably need most. What will they leave behind this time?
Joe Poirot puts Jeremy on the spot. As a longtime hockey collector, how does he put the astonishing $1.281 million Macklin Celebrini 1/1 Young Guns sale into context? The answer has less to do with one hockey card and much more to do with what seems to be happening across the entire trading card world. Something feels different in 2026. The hobby has been growing for years, but Jeremy makes the case that we may have recently entered a new trajectory. Celebrities and athletes are increasingly involved. Fanatics continues pushing trading cards further into the mainstream. Card shows are booming. Enormous amounts of money are entering the space. And just hours before the show, Jeremy encounters two kids running a lemonade stand who already know exactly what they're going to do with the money: Buy a hobby box. So how big is this thing actually becoming? Chris McGill brings some real numbers into the conversation, while the panel debates whether Fanatics and the rest of the industry have actually "10X'd" the hobby, whether the old baseball "innings" analogy ever made sense in the first place, and why cycles may be a much better way of understanding where trading cards are headed. Then we start looking at the money. The publicly tracked secondary market represents hundreds of millions of dollars in transactions every month, but what happens when you add everything that isn't captured there? Local card shops. Card shows. Grading fees. Breaking. Live selling. Private transactions. Retail wax. Supplies. Other marketplaces and all of the businesses operating around the cards themselves. Could the true trading card economy be dramatically larger than most collectors realize? David Chase brings some caution to the optimism, Joshua Adams explains why he deliberately tunes much of the business side out and simply enjoys collecting, and Joe challenges Jeremy's idea of the hobby, industry and other segments all existing inside one larger trading card ecosystem. It's a wide-ranging conversation about where cards are right now, how we got here and whether this latest wave of growth really is different from the ones we've experienced before. Check out The Hobby Spectrum at thehobbyspectrum.com and take the assessment to discover where you fit in the hobby. Try AuctionWire at auctionwire.ai and use promo code SCL to receive two free months. Check out Card Ladder and use promo code SCL. Buy Pops and Comps: Truths, Insights, and Psychology Behind the Numbers That Drive the Sports Card Market, available now on Amazon. And, as always, subscribe to Sports Cards Live on YouTube, turn on notifications, and if you enjoy the podcast, follow, rate and review Sports Cards Live on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you listen. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Caren McSherry, founder and CEO of Gourmet Warehouse Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Joining the podcast this week is Yannick Willemin. Yannick is the founder of Catalysium, a deep-tech consultancy supporting startups, SMEs, and investors across the composites and advanced materials ecosystem. He brings nearly two decades of experience spanning materials engineering, manufacturing, business development, corporate strategy, startups, and investment. His work touches nearly every part of the […] The post Catalyzing the Future of Composites: From Innovation to Investment- Interview with Yannick Willemin first appeared on Composites Weekly.
It's Wednesday, August 19th, 2026, and today we're going **Polling for Normal People** at The Scott Adams School.
John Hardie reports on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, specifically Russia's rejection of a Black Sea ceasefire in favor of striking Ukrainian food supplies. He notes that while Russia maintains a maritime blockade advantage, Ukraine is retaliating with high-precision long-range drone strikes against Russian oil refineries and defense plants. Hardie suggests that the Kremlin may be receptive to a moratorium on deep-strike operations because their own infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable. He concludes that Ukraine currently holds a tactical edge in drone technology, aided by Western intelligence to bypass Russian air defenses. (6)
//The Wire//2300Z August 17, 2026// //ROUTINE// //BLUF: WAR IN MIDDLE EAST REMAINS STAGNANT. WHITE HOUSE SIGNALS SHIFT AWAY FROM PACOM AS PRESIDENT TRUMP ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE RELATIONS WITH NORTH KOREA. TONGAN CRIP GANG SHOOTING REPORTED AT FUNERAL IN SALT LAKE CITY.// -----BEGIN TEARLINE------International Events-Middle East: The situation remains much the same, no major changes over the weekend. Iran did not conduct any major strikes over the past few days, and the Houthis have also not engaged any Saudi oil refineries since last week. Otherwise the situation remains as before.South Korea: Over the weekend President Trump announced a significant change to the American diplomatic position regarding the Korean Peninsula. Due to South Korea not participating in hostilities during the Gulf War, President Trump has ordered the United States to reduce American participation in ROK military exercises.Analyst Comment: This is a big deal, but one that has been boiling since the Gulf War began. Pinning American diplomatic efforts to whether or not nations supported us during the war highlights the priority the White House is placing on the conflict. Supplies and missile defenses have been taken from PACOM for months now, and this halting of joint exercises with South Korea is the latest development in the de-prioritization of all operational theaters in order to support the war. Similarly, the other effect of de-prioritizing South Korea, is to improve relations with North Korea, which in turn might lead to another round of diplomatic talks soon.-HomeFront-Michigan: More details have come to light regarding a series of small arms attacks carried out a few days ago. On Friday, authorities responded to a private residence in Missaukee County, where a mass shooting had occurred. 3x deceased victims and 1x severely wounded victim were located at the residence, with the suspect having fled the scene. At the scene, the immediate investigation resulted in the discovery of another fatality located at a different residence adjacent to the initial shooting site. The suspect was identified as Chad Hickman, and a large-scale manhunt was conducted throughout the area. Some time later, Hickman's vehicle was located near Whitlock Lake, where the remains of one additional victim and the deceased suspect were discovered.Analyst Comment: So far, no motive has been disclosed for this attack, but right now this looks like a domestic incident. The suspect's sister is reportedly among the casualties, and Hickman had also recently been involved in a messy divorce.Utah: This morning a riot and subsequent mass shooting was reported at an LDS Ward in Salt Lake City. Local authorities initially responded to the 13th Ward in Kearns, after a street fight involving 80+ people broke out during a Tongan cultural event and funeral. At some point during the fray, several people were shot as a state of mutual combat broke out between suspected members of the Tongan Crip Gang, and local rivals.After the initial shooting at the funeral, the wounded suspected gang members were transported to Intermountain Medical Center, where another skirmish possibly broke out in the parking area. Several reports of shots-fired were issued, and the hospital was locked down throughout the afternoon. No details have been provided on this second incident, or the status of the reported shootings at the hospital. However, ambulances are being diverted away from Intermountain Health, and armored police vehicles are reportedly parked at the facility providing security.Analyst Comment: These shootings are directly linked to a different shooting. This was the funeral for Ofa'tangikivaha Angilau, a Tongan man who was neutralized by Good Samaritans two weeks ago. On August 7th, Angilau attempted to purchase alcohol without showing ID at the Holiday Oil gas station in Riverton. After the clerk denied his purchase, he left the store and returned with a shotgun, and attempted to murder the clerk. Before Angilau could bring the shotgun to bear, he was promptly shot dead by two different bystanders in the store. His funeral was this morning, and due to the shooting breaking out during the funeral, this retroactively indicates that Angilau was probably affiliated with the Tongan Crip Gang.-----END TEARLINE-----Analyst Comments: For wider context, the Tongan community has a major foothold in Salt Lake County, and have been running operations inside LDS Wards throughout the city for some time. The LDS Church has organized several different Tongan Stakes (districts) which serve as the administrative hierarchy solely for immigrants from the Pacific island of Tonga. Around 13,000 Tongans live throughout the Salt Lake County area, which is roughly a quarter of the entire Tongan population in the United States, and as a result the LDS Church has provided substantial resources for this community, including a few dozen cultural centers and dedicated Wards just for Tongans. At these facilities, no English is spoken and even the websites are in the Tongan language. Over time, the Tongan Crip Gang has emerged as a major threat to the local area. In many cases, the Tongan Wards within Salt Lake City are not really houses of worship, but actually safehouses for the Tongan Crip Gang, as demonstrated by gang colors being placed all around these structures, only gang members attending these wards, and the frequent shootings at these facilities. Due to the gang seeking refuge within LDS churches...in the heartland of where the LDS Church was founded...this rarely gets mentioned by local mainstream media sources, which in many cases have either been financially motivated (or even outright ordered) to ignore this major gang threat. Most outsiders are rather shocked to learn that a violent gang can not just occupy houses of worship, but be invited in to use the facilities to continue their criminal enterprises. But that's what's been happening in Salt Lake City for a long time, and as unpleasant as it is, this must be acknowledged as the body count keeps rising.The Tongan Crip problem has become so bad that local police pre-stage at Tongan funerals, because they assess with a high degree of certainty that there is going to be a shootout at some point. This morning's shooting is the second shooting this year involving a funeral for a Tongan Crip Gang member; back in January, nearly the exact same event took place. Tongan Crips were having a funeral for one of their leaders, and a rival gang showed up to conduct a shooting in the parking lot. This morning's shooting occurred under nearly identical circumstances. Also during both shootings, upwards of a dozen officers were already staged at these Wards with rifles, prepared for the active shooting, knowing that a small arms engagement would be occurring at some point.Nevertheless, nobody wants to ruffle any feathers when a faith-based organization is involved, even if that organization is knowingly and deliberately allowing a gang to operate within their facilities, so these shootings (but especially the Tongan Crip angle) will continue to be ignored by local media, politicians, and Church leadership alike. However, both today's shooting, and the prior one in January took place in close proximity to schools, where children could have been wounded or killed by the gunfights in the parking lots, so this is not merely an internal Church problem. Further investigation will be needed to truly determine how widespread the problem is, but this is probably more significant than most people realize, and pretending everything is fine is resulting in clear and present dangers being allowed to threaten innocent citizens.Analyst: S2A1 Research: https://publish.obsidian.md/s2underground NomadNet: 5fa68c88be727a0e1a250a75e5e79269 Disclaimer: No LLMs were used in the writing of this report. //END REPORT//
Supplies of the vaccine for the livestock disease Bluetongue are in short supply after a large outbreak in the south west of the UK. A mild winter, hot dry summer, and the midges - which cause the disease - moving into densley populated livestock areas, have all contributed to the worst ever outbreak, which has now affected Wales and Scotland too. We speak to the president of the Sheep Veterinary Society about when we can expect more vaccines.All this week we're looking at solar farms. Today we're in Staffordshire where the country council has launched a campaign called “Stop the Solar Land Grab”. The council is particularly concerned about the effect three solar farms will have on the community of Drointon. And the hot weather has been good news for the UK's increasing number of vineyards. But winemakers in Devon and Cornwall say it's left them in "uncharted territory.” One new challenge is how to replicate their normal crisp flavours because the heat changes the taste of the grapes. Presented by Caz Graham and produced by Sally Challoner.
Ryan and Noah are joined by Jeremy from 419 forgingShout out and huge thanks to our sponsorswww.ameribrade.comwww.pheonixabrasives.comwww.bakerforge.comwww.evenheat-kiln.comwww.texasfarriersupply.comTwo Basterds Smithy & Supplies on instagramCheck out our small business spotlight membersKHDAILY KNIVESROCK SOLID SCALESPELICAN PASTETIMBER TIGER FORGEHIDDEN ROSE FORGE CAD DESIGN Thanks to our monthly supporters Julian Doiron JC Stelzer Vanden Gaaskjolen Gabe Fletcher Mathern Knives Your Wife's Boyfriend only eats Red Delicious Donald Bryant Mathern Knives Walker Knife Co. Kris Modisette Daniel Smith poseymetalworx@gmail.com Evan Dudley Grant Ball Todd Newton-Twin Oaks Forge Coulter Moulton Waltrip knives Waltrip Knives Baker Forge & Tool Bald Man Knife & Tool Clint Long Fingal Greg Nuckols micah dunn Onlyfans @Bencuttsknifeworks Just Brad @brads_customs David Burke Brent Dignam AmeriBrade Travis Haines (@birdforge) Collin of Hayworth Handmade Jeremy of 419 Forging BryanHunt.hiddenroseforge Will From Maine @sprucehillstudio Ira Houseweart Timber Tiger Forge, Chris Magnus Brian Hinnenkamp - Tortuga Bladeworks KraftyMan Forge MaritimeKnifeSupply.COM Tyrell Knifeworks Todd Harrington TH Blades Marc Leblanc Brigham Kindell AROO Bladeworks knifematerial.at Donny Dulevich ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth denies the operational problems aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln. For over nine months, more than 5,000 sailors and Marines have been trapped in a relentless deployment in the Middle East. Having spent over 250 consecutive days at sea without making landfall, the crew of the Lincoln has endured a record-breaking stretch for a modern aircraft carrier. Originally intended for routine operations in the Pacific, the warship was redirected into fifth-month combat duty against Iran without a sustainable rotation strategy or adequate logistical support. Independent media has never been more important. Please support this channel by subscribing here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkbwLFZhawBqK2b9gW08z3g?sub_confirmation=1 Join this channel with a membership for exclusive early access and bonus content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkbwLFZhawBqK2b9gW08z3g/join Five Minute News is a MeidasTouch Podcast, covering politics, inequality, health and climate - delivering independent, unbiased and essential news for the US and across the world. Visit us online at http://www.fiveminute.news Follow us on Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/fiveminutenews.bsky.social Follow us on Instagram http://instagram.com/fiveminnews Support us on Patreon http://www.patreon.com/fiveminutenews You can subscribe to Five Minute News with your preferred podcast app, ask your smart speaker, or enable Five Minute News as your Amazon Alexa Flash Briefing skill. CONTENT DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed on this channel are those of the guests and authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Anthony Davis or Five Minute News LLC. Any content provided by our hosts, guests or authors are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything, in line with the First Amendment right to free and protected speech. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
**Good morning and welcome to The Scott Adams School!**It's **Thursday, August 13th, 2026**, and the **Home Team** is in the house.Today we're going back to school with a **Scott Adams whiteboard lesson we could probably all use a refresher on: AFFIRMATIONS.** Scott talked about them for years, and just yesterday we learned that **Joel Pollak swears by them too.** Coincidence? Programming? Magic? We'll discuss.Then we'll get into the news, whatever fresh insanity the world has generously produced for us overnight, and wherever else the conversation takes us. As Scott taught us, sometimes the most interesting part of the show is the part we didn't plan.☕ Grab your coffee and join us for the **Simultaneous Sip**.**A quick note about the chat:** We love disagreement. We love smart arguments. We even love a little sparring. But there's a difference between challenging an idea and simply trying to make the room unpleasant. **Add something to the conversation. Don't just add friction.** We have a terrific community here, so help us keep the chat interesting, funny, welcoming, and worth reading.Please **LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, SHARE the show with a friend, and ring the notification bell.** Those little clicks apparently keep the internet machinery fed.And don't forget the **official Scott Adams merchandise**. Supplies are limited, and when some of these items are gone, they may really be gone. Most importantly, every sophisticated household obviously needs a **Simultaneous Swaddle**. We don't make the rules.As always, **opinions are our own**, clips and conversation may contain **spicy language**, and anything can happen when the Home Team gets rolling.Thank you for continuing to show up, laugh, learn, argue intelligently, and keep Scott's lessons alive.**Let's go to school. ☕**
Joan Tubau' who is head of mission for Palestine with MSF Doctors without Borders told us more.
Independent investigative journalism, broadcasting, trouble-making and muckraking with Brad Friedman of BradBlog.com
What happens when a foster family gets a phone call that three siblings need a safe place to stay immediately? What if they don't have the supplies - like shoes, car seats, or clothing - that they need? Anthony Poteet has been through this process, and he recognized that foster care parents need a strong support system to help provide some integral items to smooth this transition. Therefore, he founded the Foster Families Assistance Network. He is the executive director of this incredible organization, which works hard to provide the items to foster families taking in kids who have been in a state of in-between, bouncing from home to home, in a chaotic world driven by the coldness of a clinical state system. Parents need to bond with these kids immediately after they arrive, not worry about getting supplies. TAKEAWAYS Once a child is in state custody, they are essentially being parented by the government State child welfare workers, like CPS or DCS, can rush the process of placing a child in a home, causing chaos and trauma as a result Foster Families Assistance Network has a resource center in Henderson, Tennessee, that provides critical items for foster families There is a shortage of foster homes and a shortage of competent workers in the state system
'BradCast' 8/11/2026: War, Climate Chaos Now Threatening U.S. Crude, Diesel, Water, Power Supplies by Progressive Voices
Graphene has been called one of the most extraordinary materials ever discovered. It’s exceptionally strong, lightweight, electrically conductive, and thermally conductive. But more than a decade after capturing the world’s attention, one major question remains: why hasn’t it transformed manufacturing the way so many people predicted? On this episode, Brad Larschan and Kevin Wyss of […] The post LTDF Graphene at Scale: How Avadain is Turning This Wonder Material Into Industrial Reality first appeared on Composites Weekly.
Ryan and Noah are joined by Geoff Feder Shout out and huge thanks to our sponsorswww.ameribrade.comwww.pheonixabrasives.comwww.bakerforge.comwww.evenheat-kiln.comwww.texasfarriersupply.comTwo Basterds Smithy & Supplies on instagramCheck out our small business spotlight membersKHDAILY KNIVESROCK SOLID SCALESPELICAN PASTETIMBER TIGER FORGEHIDDEN ROSE FORGE CAD DESIGN Thanks to our monthly supporters Julian Doiron JC Stelzer Vanden Gaaskjolen Gabe Fletcher Mathern Knives Your Wife's Boyfriend only eats Red Delicious Donald Bryant Mathern Knives Walker Knife Co. Kris Modisette Daniel Smith poseymetalworx@gmail.com Evan Dudley Grant Ball Todd Newton-Twin Oaks Forge Coulter Moulton Waltrip knives Waltrip Knives Baker Forge & Tool Bald Man Knife & Tool Clint Long Fingal Greg Nuckols micah dunn Onlyfans @Bencuttsknifeworks Just Brad @brads_customs David Burke Brent Dignam AmeriBrade Travis Haines (@birdforge) Collin of Hayworth Handmade Jeremy of 419 Forging BryanHunt.hiddenroseforge Will From Maine @sprucehillstudio Ira Houseweart Timber Tiger Forge, Chris Magnus Brian Hinnenkamp - Tortuga Bladeworks KraftyMan Forge MaritimeKnifeSupply.COM Tyrell Knifeworks Todd Harrington TH Blades Marc Leblanc Brigham Kindell AROO Bladeworks knifematerial.at Donny Dulevich ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice. Ukraine with cities (image by Lencer) Russian strikes hit civilians, humanitarian supplies in Ukraine as UN Security council hears about torture of POWs, abuses of civilians in Russian prisons; Lawmakers urge state funding to protect public hospitals from trillion-dollar federal Medicaid cuts; Trump announces massive investments in mining, wants to “make mining great again”; CA congressmembers Schiff, Khanna reintroduce bill on AI use in politics, as Dem congressional candidate Wiener uses campaign chatbot; Congressional Democrats launch probe into efforts to deport US military members and their families The post Russian strikes hit humanitarian supplies in Ukraine as UN Security council hears about torture of POWs – August 10, 2026 appeared first on KPFA.
Most collectors know BCW through penny sleeves, top loaders, magnetic holders, and storage boxes. Behind those products sits a company with more than 100 employees serving collectors, shops, breakers, and dealers.Noah Dock joined BCW as CFO after working in finance, private equity, and his family's pawn business. He did not earn the role because he knew more about cards than everyone else. He earned it because he understood finance, operations, and how to help a company scale.Noah shares why passion cannot replace skill, why a CEO must become the “chief repeating officer,” and how core values shape hiring, promotions, and customer relationships.He also explains why BCW returned millions of dollars in tariff refunds to 4,000 customers.This conversation is about the work behind the hobby. It is about bringing your skills into the industry, building trust through decisions, and proving what your company stands for when money is at stake.Sign up for Hobby Jobs and The Weekly Rip for freeGet exclusive content, promote your cards, and connect with other collectors who listen to the pod today by joining the Patreon: Join Stacking Slabs Podcast PatreonFollow Stacking Slabs: | Twitter | Instagram | Facebook | Tiktok ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★
**The Scott Adams School | Wednesday, August 5, 2026**The Home Team is here, and today **Jeff Callahan** joins us to help co-host the news, current events, and whatever fresh insanity the world has prepared for us.Today's topics include:• The **Democratic Socialists of America** and why their message is winning votes• What the rise of socialism could mean for the future of the country• Reports of **another attempt on President Trump's life**• A closer look at what everyday life could become under expanding Islamist rule and influence• More news, commentary, persuasion, and useful conversation from the Home TeamGrab your beverage and join us for the **Simultaneous Sip**!Please **LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, and SHARE** the show. Subscribing is free, and it helps keep Scott's channel, community, and work alive.Scott Adams' official merchandise link is listed in his bio, and we will also include it here. Supplies are extremely limited and selling quickly. We do not know whether the merchandise will be restocked, so once it is gone, it may truly be gone. Get what you want while it is still available.⚠️ **Language may be spicy. Opinions belong to the individual hosts.**As always, please be kind and respectful in the chat. Disagreement is welcome. Personal attacks are not. Leave the chat better than you found it.Thank you for continuing to show up for Scott, for the Home Team, and for one another. We appreciate this community more than we can properly express.**The Scott Adams School: Be useful. Stay curious. Keep the community together.**MERCH LINK: https://www.emblempromos.com/sr/3918384
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Lorenzo Fiori reports a historic heatwave has pushed the Po River to record lows, devastating Italy's agricultural heartland and water supplies for power stations. The ecological crisis includes an invasion of blue crabs, which are destroying clam populations and disrupting local cuisine. Meteorologists struggle to forecast as traditional weather models fail in the face of climate change. Tourists are encouraged to seek the cooler, historical beauty of Noto, Sicily. (14)1729 ROME
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Last time we spoke about the Japanese offensive at Changsha. In late September 1941, fighting in China had become a brutal struggle of endurance. Japanese forces kept pushing forward, but China—though battered by heavy losses—refused to yield. Help from abroad was slowly beginning to matter. American aid reached China through groups like the Red Cross, and volunteers later associated with the Flying Tigers offered crucial support to Chinese operations. Against this backdrop, Changsha in Hunan became the center of a dangerous autumn campaign. Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist leadership treated the city as strategically vital, knowing that its fate could influence the wider course of the war. In the end, the resistance at Changsha showed China's key advantage: resilience. The city's defense helped slow the Japanese advance, break up momentum, and create uncertainty as the campaign continued. #212 The Autumn Battle of Changsha, 1941 Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In late September 1941, the war in China had already entered its fifth year. By then the conflict had lost whatever remained of novelty and had settled into something harsher and more exhausting: a long war of attrition fought across enormous distances, under conditions of chronic shortage, strategic uncertainty, and repeated local catastrophe. Japan still possessed formidable military strength. Its armies could strike hard, move fast, and exploit superior firepower, air support, and communications in individual campaigns. Yet the larger shape of the war had begun to change. China had not collapsed. The Nationalist government still stood. Chinese armies, however battered, still held the field. The line between survival and defeat remained dangerously thin, but it had not broken. This was the situation in which the autumn campaign in Hunan and Hubei unfolded. The struggle around Changsha did not occur in isolation. It belonged to a wider military and political moment. In Europe, the war had already expanded into a continent-wide convulsion. Germany and the Soviet Union were locked in a massive struggle after the German invasion in June. Leningrad was under threat, Kiev had become the scene of disaster, and the approach of the battle for Moscow suggested that still greater bloodshed lay ahead. Stalin had pressed Churchill to open a second front in Europe and had been refused. The global balance of war was shifting, but not yet in any way that guaranteed relief to China. In Asia, Japan continued to press forward. The pressure on China remained immense. Yet by mid-1941 China's position, though still precarious, no longer looked quite as desperate as it had in earlier years. International sympathy had grown. Material aid, however limited, was beginning to take more concrete form. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China against Japan. The air unit they formed, later celebrated as the Flying Tigers, meant more than aircraft and personnel alone. It signaled that China's war was no longer quite so isolated. That change in atmosphere did not produce calm in Chongqing. It sharpened urgency. For Chiang Kai-shek, the possibility that the international situation might slowly improve for China carried with it a hard implication: China had to endure long enough to benefit from it. That meant surviving not in abstract terms, but in particular places, against particular offensives, at moments when a local defeat might have consequences far beyond the immediate battlefield. In the autumn of 1941, one of those places was Changsha. Changsha had long occupied an outsized place in the military geography of the war. It stood as the capital of Hunan, a hinge between regions, and a vital position in the defense of central China. Its security affected the Xiang River basin, communications across the province, and the broader defensive posture shielding approaches toward the wartime capital. To lose it, even temporarily, would be more than a symbolic blow. It would threaten the larger balance of the front in south-central China and test whether Japanese offensives could still force dramatic strategic results. At the same time, the battle for Changsha was not a simple contest between one Chinese army and one Japanese army facing each other across a fixed line. It was part of a larger operational struggle linking the Ninth War Zone with supporting actions from the Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones. It involved frontal resistance, hurried reinforcement, mobile defense, rear harassment, and the constant effort to turn Japanese momentum into Japanese overextension. Chinese commanders were trying not merely to survive a blow, but to absorb it, stretch it, and eventually strike back against an enemy whose speed could become a liability once supply lines lengthened and formations dispersed. This was the burden resting on the Military Commission in Chongqing. There, while reports arrived in fragments and maps were revised hour by hour, Chiang Kai-shek spent long stretches in the operations room watching the situation in Hunan and Hubei develop. He had already ordered the various war zones to support the Ninth War Zone's operations, and now he followed the campaign with intense concentration. His attention moved repeatedly toward reports from the Sixth War Zone and Chen Cheng's counteroffensive toward Yichang, for Yichang was tied not only to local fighting in Hubei but also to the defense of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the security of Chongqing itself. In his mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season. Meanwhile at the front, the situation was deteriorating fast. Japanese forces pressing into northern Hunan had already imposed severe strain on the Chinese defense. Blocking units had been battered back. Communications were uncertain. Some formations fought stubbornly but could not hold; others dissolved more quickly than hoped. The Japanese advance toward Changsha created exactly the kind of crisis Chinese commanders feared most: one in which the enemy moved with enough force and speed to threaten a major city before a coherent defensive response could be reassembled. Chinese units had to be thrown into action as they arrived, often after exhausting marches, often with incomplete knowledge of the situation, and often under immediate pressure from artillery, aircraft, and aggressive infantry assaults. Yet even at this dangerous stage, the campaign contained an opportunity as well as a threat. The deeper Japanese units pushed into Hunan, the more exposed their rear became. Supply depots, transport lines, and communications stretched farther behind the spearhead. Chinese formations that had been driven aside were not always destroyed; some remained capable of reappearing to strike roads, depots, and isolated detachments. If Changsha represented the visible center of the struggle, the enemy rear represented its hidden vulnerability. The Chinese aim, therefore, was not simply to defend passively around the city. It was to combine stubborn resistance in front with harassment and disruption behind, so that Japanese advance would become increasingly difficult to sustain. The battle that followed unfolded under these pressures: a threatened city, a strained but unbroken defense, commanders forced to improvise under severe danger, and a wider international war that made every local decision feel heavier than the ground on which it was taken. This subtle improvement in China's larger situation did not mean safety. China was still battered, under-resourced, and vulnerable. Japanese forces still possessed enormous advantages in mobility, firepower, and air power in many sectors. Large parts of the country remained occupied or threatened. Yet by mid-1941 something in the atmosphere had changed. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China in its struggle against Japan. The air unit they formed would become famous under the name by which China knew them: the Flying Tigers. Their significance exceeded their immediate tactical value. They represented a visible sign that China was not entirely abandoned to isolation. For Claire Chennault, romantic, aggressive, and optimistic by temperament, the new situation encouraged increasingly bold thoughts. For the first time he included in his planning the idea that Japanese home territory might one day be bombed from bases in China. Such schemes were ambitious and perhaps premature, but their very existence reveals an altered horizon of possibility. A country that imagines striking back is already psychologically in a different position from one concerned only with preventing collapse. Yichang mattered directly to the fighting in Xiangbei, but it also mattered independently. It was tied to the security of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the defense of Chongqing. It belonged not only to the immediate problem of battlefield maneuver but to the larger question of whether China could do more than absorb Japanese offensives. Could Chinese forces exploit enemy overstretch? Could Japanese advances be turned into liabilities? Could local counterattacks and rear harassment generate effects greater than the raw size of the forces involved? By September 1941, these questions were no longer hypothetical. They were urgent. In Chiang's mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season. The struggle around Changsha was central to that effort. From Chongqing, Chiang telegraphed Commander Xue Yue of the Ninth War Zone with instructions that made both the danger and the opportunity plain. The message emphasized that the enemy in northern Hunan, though still pressing hard, had already been bravely intercepted by Chinese units and was now exhausted, with lines of advance increasingly difficult to sustain. This, Chiang argued, created an excellent opportunity for Chinese forces to strike at the enemy's rear and seek annihilation rather than mere delay. He urged officers and soldiers alike to remain determined to destroy the enemy. Even if Japanese troops advanced to the vicinity of Changsha itself, Chinese forces were to renew their efforts, maintain their confidence in victory, and prevent the enemy from establishing a foothold. The telegram also pointed to the broader operational picture. Japanese troops drawn from the sectors of the Fifth and Sixth War Zones had been committed to the invasion of northern Hunan, leaving their rear areas dangerously exposed. The Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones had launched supporting offensives on the twenty-third. Therefore, the Ninth War Zone had to strike resolutely and fiercely, preventing the Japanese from coordinating their forces and frustrating any attempt to occupy Changsha. The message was at once exhortation and operational logic. It reflected the core Chinese problem in the campaign: the Japanese thrust was dangerous and had to be blocked, but the very speed and depth of that thrust could also expose the attacker. Yet by the time Chiang sent his instructions, the danger around Changsha was already severe. After the 74th Army had been beaten back, there was no major Chinese force north of the city that could confidently block the Japanese advance in a straightforward, stable line. The Japanese 4th Division, together with the Hayabuchi Detachment, had defeated the 95th Division of the Chinese 37th Army and pushed toward Changsha. The prospect that the city might fall, at least temporarily, was no longer remote. In response, Xia Chuzhong's 79th Army from the Sixth War Zone was ordered to move toward the city. Its vanguard was Wang Jiaben's 98th Division. That movement was a forced march in the literal sense. It was not a flourish of language but an admission of emergency. Troops were pushed beyond ordinary endurance because there was no time to gather strength under favorable conditions. Changsha could not wait for convenience, rest, or ideal concentration. Either reinforcements arrived in time to fight immediately, or they arrived too late to matter. Wang Jiaben was no stranger to battle. A veteran officer from the Yunnan Army, he had fought the Japanese repeatedly—more than twenty times since the outbreak of the War of Resistance. He belonged to that generation of commanders who had been shaped by the fragmented military politics of Republican China but whose careers were now being rewritten by the national emergency of the anti-Japanese war. During the First Battle of Changsha, he had already distinguished himself. He led troops in a counterattack along the Tongcheng line in southern Hubei and intercepted retreating Japanese forces at Longmenchang and Changshoujie, killing more than a thousand enemy soldiers. He had experience, reputation, and a sense of what it meant to fight in the Changsha theater. This time he marched from Changde, driving his division forward with all possible speed. By noon on September 26 the 98th Division reached a position about two kilometers northeast of Changsha. There was scarcely time to settle the men. No careful preparation was possible. They had arrived because the city was in danger, and battle began almost at once. At dusk the division engaged the Hayabuchi Detachment. The fighting continued until late in the night without decisive result. That in itself was costly enough. Troops who have just completed a punishing march are already close to the limits of their endurance. To be thrown immediately into combat magnifies every weakness: thirst, fatigue, confusion, and the difficulty of building fieldworks under pressure. What the soldiers of the 98th Division could do that night, they did with their hands and whatever tools they had. They scraped positions out of the earth. They assembled makeshift cover. Officers moved along the line trying to impose order on terrain that had become a battlefield almost as soon as it was occupied. At dawn on September 27 the Japanese intensified the pressure from the air. More than twenty aircraft bombed the 98th Division's positions, tearing apart the earthworks that officers and soldiers had spent the night constructing. Bombing had a double effect. Physically, it damaged positions, wounded men, and disrupted preparations. Psychologically, it reminded defenders that they were being observed from above and struck by an enemy against whom they could often do little in the sky. Immediately after the bombing came a fierce infantry assault. Wang Jiaben and several other commanders went down to their respective regiments to supervise the fighting personally. This was dangerous, but under such circumstances commanders often believed that presence itself mattered. When fieldworks are collapsing, shell bursts are continuous, and communications are unreliable, authority must sometimes be carried by a body rather than a wire. The defenders held. Again and again the Japanese attacked. Again and again they were repulsed only to reorganize and come on once more. Every minute the Chinese line remained in place was bought with blood. Fallen and wounded men were carried rearward in what seemed an endless stream. The cost of resistance accumulated visibly before the eyes of those still fighting. By noon even water could no longer be delivered to the front. That detail reveals the intensity of the battle more clearly than many grander statements could. A line that cannot be supplied even with water has reached a condition of severe strain. During brief pauses in the fighting, officers and soldiers pulled out dry rations and chewed them slowly, swallowing with difficulty while they waited for the next attack. Such moments are among the most characteristic in battle: not the long, smooth continuity imagined in peacetime rhetoric, but brief interludes of miserable necessity between explosions. At two in the afternoon the crisis deepened sharply. A unit of the Japanese 4th Division worked its way behind the 98th Division's position and attacked from the rear. This was the kind of tactical development every defending commander dreads. A force can endure heavy frontal pressure if its line remains coherent and its rear reasonably secure. But when enemy troops appear behind a position, the entire structure of defense begins to dissolve. There, behind the line, were more than a hundred Chinese wounded awaiting evacuation. Japanese soldiers attacked them with bayonets. One of the wounded Chinese soldiers, already beyond ordinary capacity for resistance, rushed forward and detonated a grenade against a Japanese attacker. It was an act of desperation, but also of defiance. The episode captures something essential about the tone of the battle around Changsha. This was not a neat engagement between organized lines alone. It was a desperate collision in which even the badly wounded were drawn into last resistance. For Wang Jiaben, however, the tactical reality was impossible to deny. If he stayed where he was, the division might be annihilated. Personal courage could not alter encirclement. Resentfully, bitterly, and under the kind of pressure that leaves permanent scars on a commander's memory, he ordered retreat. When he led the survivors off the battlefield, fewer than half his men remained. Reinforcements from another direction now entered the struggle. The Provisional 2nd Army of the Seventh War Zone dispatched the Provisional 8th Division under Zhang Junsong. At seven in the evening on September 27, Zhang's force arrived at Zuojiatang on the eastern outskirts of Changsha. Personnel of the Ninth War Zone waiting there reported grim news: a Japanese detachment had already entered the city that afternoon, and another detachment was only three kilometers away. The situation invited rashness. A commander arriving near a threatened city at dusk, with reports that the enemy is already inside, may feel compelled to hurl troops forward immediately in a gesture of resolution. Yet night fighting in an urban approach without adequate reconnaissance can turn courage into waste. Zhang Junsong considered the matter carefully. He concluded that to rush blindly into the city at night would likely produce confusion and heavy losses. Instead he first sought to strike the enemy outside the city. His troops deployed quietly and crept forward through the darkness, launching a probing attack. But they soon discovered that the Japanese were fully prepared and not vulnerable to easy surprise. The line could not be broken. With no prospect of success, the force withdrew. The moment is revealing because it shows how narrow the margin had become. Chinese commanders were trying to recover initiative while still groping through uncertainty. Reports were incomplete, Japanese dispositions difficult to fix, and every hour dangerous. On the evening of September 28, the 79th Army's 6th Provisional Division occupied Yuelu Mountain west of Changsha. From that height officers and soldiers looked across the Xiang River toward the city. Changsha, for the first time, was in Japanese hands. The emotional force of that sight can only be imagined. Changsha had lived for years under threat. It had been defended, contested, prepared, and feared. The possibility of its loss had hovered over military planning and public consciousness alike. Now the danger had become fact. A city that had stood as an object of effort and anxiety was visibly occupied by the enemy. No single feeling could have governed the men who saw it. There must have been anger, shame, weariness, and dread—but also stubbornness. For in war a city seen in enemy hands is not always simply lost. Sometimes it is a summons. Late that night Zhao Jiping, commander of the 6th Provisional Division, received a telegram from Xue Yue. He read it and then stood before the map for a long time. Days of anxiety began to lift. He was not alone in that reaction. Many Chinese generals involved in the campaign had felt that they were fighting a confused and chaotic battle. Japanese movements had been broad, rapid, and difficult to pin down. The Ninth War Zone had thrown numerous units into blocking actions, yet both well-regarded formations and weaker, improvised units had repeatedly failed to hold. After ten days of combat, Chinese losses were heavy. But Japanese forces too had been worn, stretched, and damaged. Only now, as the Japanese reached the apparent culmination of their advance, did the Ninth War Zone begin to recover rhythm. Chaos did not disappear, but it became more legible. The possibility of a more ordered counteroffensive emerged. In the early hours of September 29, Zhao Jiping issued the order to force a crossing of the Xiang River and attack the enemy in Changsha. The preparations consumed the entire day. River crossings under combat conditions are among the most delicate operations in war. Boats must be assembled or found. Units must be organized into waves. Timing matters. Surprise matters. The location of landing points matters. The men themselves matter most of all, because they must sit exposed in fragile craft knowing that the real test will begin not in the middle of the river but at the far bank. Late that night the division crossed secretly by boat in six groups. The crossing itself went well enough. The river did not betray them. The groups made progress in darkness. Yet everyone involved understood that smooth movement on the water did not guarantee success. The crucial question was what waited at the landing points. It was expected that the troops going ashore at Daximen would be first to meet the Japanese. Once battle began there, the rest of the crossing accelerated. Chinese soldiers landed, attacked fiercely, and drove the enemy back from the riverbank. The momentum of the assault mattered. In such moments hesitation on shore can doom an entire crossing, but aggression can seize a foothold before the defender fully stabilizes. By the time Chinese forces entered the city, dawn was breaking. Then came street fighting. Changsha had ceased to be an objective on a map. It became again what cities become in war: a place of corners, walls, alleys, debris, smoke, and sudden death. Fighting in a city strips away much of the abstraction through which campaigns are often remembered. Streets channel movement. Buildings become cover, obstacles, or traps. Distances shrink but danger multiplies. A few men behind masonry can delay many more. Noise magnifies confusion. The city itself seems to fragment into a hundred separate battlefields. For Changsha, the long season of anxious anticipation ended in direct flame. Yet to understand the campaign only through the struggle at Changsha would be incomplete. While the city drew attention as the central prize, another set of operations was unfolding across Hunan and Hubei—less dramatic in appearance perhaps, but strategically significant. These were the actions of the 27th Army Group under Yang Sen. If the fighting around Changsha demonstrated the pressure of frontal battle, Yang Sen's operations illustrated another principle entirely: the stubborn, opportunistic use of weaker forces to harass, sting, and trouble a stronger enemy from behind. The 27th Army Group was composed largely of Sichuan troops. Their presence speaks to one of the larger political transformations of the war. Republican China had long been fractured by regional militarism. Armies had often owed stronger loyalty to commanders, provinces, or local power structures than to any unified national command. Yet the anti-Japanese war compelled a partial reordering of those loyalties. Many warlord forces, however imperfectly integrated, now turned their weapons outward under Nationalist command. There were exceptions. Some men, like Han Fuqu, had preserved their own strength at the cost of military responsibility and lost both opportunity and honor in doing so. But in the main, especially among middle and lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers, the imperative of national survival overrode provincial identity. Men from distant regions marched and fought in terrains not their own because the war no longer permitted a narrow conception of interest. Yang Sen himself was an old warlord soldier, one of those figures formed in the fractured military world of earlier decades. By 1941 he was deputy commander of the Ninth War Zone and commander-in-chief of the 27th Army Group. Along the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border he had long been cautious in his operations. At the beginning of the northern Hunan battle, his troops proved unable to withstand the force of the Japanese offensive and retreated in disorder into mountains and forests. That fact should not be softened. They were pushed back. But retreat did not mean disappearance. This is where Yang Sen's role became important. Once the main Japanese force had advanced far ahead, the troops that had scattered began to reemerge. They knew the terrain. They knew the roads, villages, passes, and wooded approaches. If they could not defeat the Japanese in a grand collision, they could search for openings behind the advancing columns. On September 20, as the Japanese main force drove into the heart of northern Hunan, Yang Sen led elements of the 4th, 58th, and 20th Armies in pursuit for an entire day. The main body of the 4th Army had already been badly beaten at the Xinqiang River line, and only the 60th Division, recently transferred from the 37th Army, remained relatively intact. That single fact sharply defined the weakness of his means. He was not pursuing with fresh and powerful forces prepared for a decisive encounter. He was pursuing with fragments, survivors, and such units as still retained some offensive potential. But the Japanese, intent on rapid advance southward, paid too little attention to what followed behind them. That was the opening Yang Sen needed. On the morning of September 21, the 60th Division acted on information supplied by an old beggar. Such details often sound almost literary, but they remind us that war in China was never fought by armies alone. Villagers, refugees, peddlers, guides, boatmen, and the destitute all participated in the circulation of military knowledge. A beggar could see what a reconnaissance officer had missed. On the basis of that tip, the 60th Division launched a surprise attack on the supply depot of the Japanese 40th Division at Zhangjiayuan. Division Commander Dong Yu led the action. The Chinese quickly overwhelmed the more than three hundred Japanese troops guarding the depot. Once they broke in, they discovered an astonishing quantity of matériel: shell boxes, ammunition, food, medicine, gasoline, explosives, protective clothing, telephone wire, body bags, stretchers, and more, all stacked beneath heavy canvas. For men accustomed to scarcity, it must have seemed almost unreal. Dong Yu, delighted, is remembered as exclaiming to his deputy commander, "It's practically a department store!" The line has a momentary comic brightness in the middle of war, and that is part of why it survives. But its deeper significance lies in what it reveals. A modern army advancing deep into hostile territory is sustained by accumulation—ammunition, fuel, wire, medicines, rations, transport materials. To seize such a depot is not merely to take objects. It is to grasp the hidden skeleton of movement. Dong Yu then issued a one-word order: "Move." At once the whole division became a swarm of carriers. Officers and soldiers grabbed whatever they could and began hauling the captured supplies away. The scene must have been one of extraordinary improvised energy—riflemen transformed into laborers, war reduced for a moment to the brute physical act of lifting, dragging, and carrying. They moved like ants dismantling a storehouse. But there was too much to remove and too little time. Before even two regiments had completed the work, the Japanese returned in force. Enraged, they sent more than a dozen aircraft to bomb the troops carrying off the captured crates, while over a thousand infantrymen rushed in on the ground. Dong Yu immediately ordered the men to abandon what remained and destroy it. Amid deafening explosions, the 60th Division withdrew from Zhangjiayuan. The Japanese pursued hard, driving them back into the mountains before finally stopping. Measured purely in terms of territorial occupation, the action changed little. The Chinese did not hold the depot. They were forced back again. But judged in operational terms, the raid mattered. Supplies had been captured, destroyed, or disrupted. Japanese rear security had been embarrassed. Time and energy had been consumed in response. In a campaign where the Japanese were racing south and depending increasingly on stretched lines, such harassment was not trivial. After September 23, Yang Sen expanded these efforts. He sent whole divisions to harass the Japanese rear while also dispatching battalions and companies to ambush supply columns and disrupt transport lines. This was not the kind of warfare that produces neat dramatic maps in conventional military histories. The actions were scattered, local, opportunistic, and often inconclusive. Yet precisely for that reason they can be misunderstood. Not every useful military action ends in the destruction of an enemy division. Sometimes its value lies in forcing a stronger opponent to spend attention where he had hoped to spend only momentum. These operations were costly and uncertain. Small Chinese units striking roads and depots risked encirclement or aerial punishment. Yet they possessed one advantage: they did not need to win a grand battle to matter. They needed only to make movement harder, supply more precarious, and the rear less secure. On September 25, even after the 26th and 37th Armies had suffered defeat elsewhere, Yang Sen gathered the troops that still retained some offensive capacity and launched another attack. In these actions, the 90th Division captured Wukou; the 59th Division reached the north bank of the Miluo River; the 60th Division advanced to Donggang; and elements of the 58th Army controlled the Yuanba–Zheyangqiao highway line by the twenty-sixth. These gains were not the dramatic centerpiece of the campaign. But they formed part of the cumulative pressure on Japanese operations. Every road contested from the rear, every convoy threatened, every depot exposed, and every forced diversion of troops weakened the enemy's ability to convert tactical advance into stable success. The battlefield was fluid enough that Yang Sen's headquarters itself had to keep moving—from the Miluo River northward to Pingjiang. Mobile headquarters in such conditions lived under constant uncertainty. Reports arrived late or contradictory. Rumors outran facts. The front could bend in unpredictable ways. A command post that seemed safely behind the line in the morning might by afternoon lie only a few kilometers from enemy forces. Years later Mao Jiuyin, who had then served as an operations staff officer under Yang Sen, recalled the old commander's outward behavior in those dangerous days. Yang Sen, Mao remembered, was always joking with the people around him and could still laugh and talk during battle. On one occasion he even joked with his bodyguard about putting chili oil in his tea. To younger staff officers, such behavior appeared almost absurd. Yet they knew how dangerous their situation often was. Sometimes they were only a few kilometers from the main Japanese forces. There is more than anecdote in this memory. Old commanders often cultivated a style of ease under danger not because they felt no fear, but because they believed visible calm itself was part of command. Men take emotional bearings from those above them. A commander who panics spreads panic faster than any enemy breakthrough. Yang Sen was sixty years old during the Second Battle of Changsha, and he liked to remark that he was five years older than Chiang Kai-shek. Age had not removed him from the front. His function in the campaign was not to shatter the enemy in one decisive frontal blow. It was to persist, reappear, sting, and remain troublesome. The 27th Army Group followed the Japanese nearly all the way to the outskirts of Changsha. They did not fight many large set-piece engagements. That was never their main value. But the Japanese could not ignore them. If Japanese units turned and tried to hit them directly, they tended to dissolve into the landscape. If the Japanese pushed on and ignored them, they reappeared to sabotage roads, hit supply lines, and create alarms in the rear. Even Japanese official histories later described them memorably. They called them "like a swarm of annoying flies." The phrase was meant as contempt. But as so often happens in war, an insult became an accurate description of effect. If these Chinese troops could not be tigers in formal battle, they could still become intolerable as flies. And under certain conditions—fatigue, heat, uncertainty, stretched supply, shaken morale—flies can become more oppressive than an enemy would like to admit. When later generations look back on campaigns, they often search for a single explanatory image. But the fighting of September 1941 resists reduction to one symbol alone. What gives the campaign its force in memory is not one isolated episode, but the convergence of several pressures at once: a city under threat, a command trying to coordinate multiple fronts, exhausted reinforcements thrown directly into battle, Japanese forces advancing quickly but becoming increasingly vulnerable the farther they pushed, and Chinese troops in the rear refusing to disappear after defeat. Seen from Chongqing, the campaign was a matter of telegrams, maps, and the management of strategic risk. Seen from the front, it was a matter of thirst, mud, broken fieldworks, sudden bombing, exhausted marching, and the uncertainty of whether the next order meant reinforcement, retreat, or death. Seen from the Japanese side, it was initially an aggressive advance toward an important objective, but one increasingly troubled by stretched supply, difficult terrain, and the persistent reappearance of Chinese forces behind the line of movement. At the same time, the campaign reveals a Chinese war effort that had become more resilient than in the earliest years of the conflict. The Japanese advance toward Changsha was dangerous and at moments appeared close to success. Chinese blocking forces suffered severe defeats. Units arrived exhausted and were hurled into action at once. Commanders lost men at devastating rates. Changsha itself briefly fell into enemy hands. And yet the city was not simply surrendered as an accomplished fact. Chinese forces regrouped. Orders were coordinated across war zones. Reinforcements marched at desperate speed. Counterattacks were mounted. Forces west of the Xiang prepared and crossed back into the city. Elsewhere, troops under Yang Sen gnawed at the Japanese rear and made advance more costly than a map of front lines alone might suggest. This combination of desperate frontal resistance and incessant rear harassment was one of the characteristic strengths of China's resistance in this stage of the war. China could not always match Japanese power in one concentrated blow. But it could absorb, delay, fragment, and trouble that power across space and time. That is why the struggle around Changsha in late September 1941 deserves to be remembered not merely as a sequence of engagements, but as a layered event in which tactical battle, morale, logistics, political endurance, and international context all converged. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In late September 1941, Japan pushed deeper into China, but Chinese forces—supported gradually by international help—kept resisting. Changsha in Hunan became the central point of the conflict, seen as vital to strategic control in south-central China. Meanwhile, elsewhere in Hunan and Hubei, Yang Sen's 27th Army Group—often using smaller, opportunistic actions—reappeared behind Japanese lines to disrupt depots and convoys. Even when Chinese gains were temporary, the cumulative pressure delayed Japanese momentum.
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