Podcasts about Contamination

durée : 00:04:58 - Comme personne - Entre 1966 et 1999, 193 bombes nucléaires ont explosé à Moruroa et Fangataufa, en Polynésie française, dont 46 en plein air. À seulement 342 kilomètres de l'épicentre des tirs, sur l'ile de Mangareva, ce souvenir longtemps tabou est encore très douloureux chez les tout derniers témoins. Rencontre.

In episode 521 I chat with Regan who has kindly agreed to share her OCD story with us.  We discuss her OCD story, the journey to getting an OCD diagnosis, moving countries in adolescence, panic attacks, harm themed OCD, contamination themed OCD, exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP), nightmares, childhood experiences of OCD, her cat in the context of OCD, her partner, the grounding techniques Regan uses, and much more. Hope it helps.  Show notes: https://theocdstories.com/episode/regan-521 The podcast is made possible by NOCD. NOCD offers effective, convenient therapy available in the US and outside the US. To find out more about NOCD, their therapy plans and if they currently take your insurance head over to https://go.treatmyocd.com/theocdstories Join many other listeners getting our weekly emails. Never miss a podcast episode or update: https://theocdstories.com/newsletter 

Over 400 complaints have been filed by Coloradans who've been impacted because of the gas contamination that happened last week. Here's what experts are saying you should do next if you've been affected.

Happy New Year! You may have noticed that in 2025 we had moved toward YouTube as our primary podcasting platform. As we'll explain in the next State of Latent Space post, we'll be doubling down on Substack again and improving the experience for the over 100,000 of you who look out for our emails and website updates!We first mentioned Artificial Analysis in 2024, when it was still a side project in a Sydney basement. They then were one of the few Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross' AIGrant companies to raise a full seed round from them and have now become the independent gold standard for AI benchmarking—trusted by developers, enterprises, and every major lab to navigate the exploding landscape of models, providers, and capabilities.We have chatted with both Clementine Fourrier of HuggingFace's OpenLLM Leaderboard and (the freshly valued at $1.7B) Anastasios Angelopoulos of LMArena on their approaches to LLM evals and trendspotting, but Artificial Analysis have staked out an enduring and important place in the toolkit of the modern AI Engineer by doing the best job of independently running the most comprehensive set of evals across the widest range of open and closed models, and charting their progress for broad industry analyst use.George Cameron and Micah-Hill Smith have spent two years building Artificial Analysis into the platform that answers the questions no one else will: Which model is actually best for your use case? What are the real speed-cost trade-offs? And how open is “open” really?We discuss:* The origin story: built as a side project in 2023 while Micah was building a legal AI assistant, launched publicly in January 2024, and went viral after Swyx's retweet* Why they run evals themselves: labs prompt models differently, cherry-pick chain-of-thought examples (Google Gemini 1.0 Ultra used 32-shot prompts to beat GPT-4 on MMLU), and self-report inflated numbers* The mystery shopper policy: they register accounts not on their own domain and run intelligence + performance benchmarks incognito to prevent labs from serving different models on private endpoints* How they make money: enterprise benchmarking insights subscription (standardized reports on model deployment, serverless vs. managed vs. leasing chips) and private custom benchmarking for AI companies (no one pays to be on the public leaderboard)* The Intelligence Index (V3): synthesizes 10 eval datasets (MMLU, GPQA, agentic benchmarks, long-context reasoning) into a single score, with 95% confidence intervals via repeated runs* Omissions Index (hallucination rate): scores models from -100 to +100 (penalizing incorrect answers, rewarding ”I don't know”), and Claude models lead with the lowest hallucination rates despite not always being the smartest* GDP Val AA: their version of OpenAI's GDP-bench (44 white-collar tasks with spreadsheets, PDFs, PowerPoints), run through their Stirrup agent harness (up to 100 turns, code execution, web search, file system), graded by Gemini 3 Pro as an LLM judge (tested extensively, no self-preference bias)* The Openness Index: scores models 0-18 on transparency of pre-training data, post-training data, methodology, training code, and licensing (AI2 OLMo 2 leads, followed by Nous Hermes and NVIDIA Nemotron)* The smiling curve of AI costs: GPT-4-level intelligence is 100-1000x cheaper than at launch (thanks to smaller models like Amazon Nova), but frontier reasoning models in agentic workflows cost more than ever (sparsity, long context, multi-turn agents)* Why sparsity might go way lower than 5%: GPT-4.5 is ~5% active, Gemini models might be ~3%, and Omissions Index accuracy correlates with total parameters (not active), suggesting massive sparse models are the future* Token efficiency vs. turn efficiency: GPT-5 costs more per token but solves Tau-bench in fewer turns (cheaper overall), and models are getting better at using more tokens only when needed (5.1 Codex has tighter token distributions)* V4 of the Intelligence Index coming soon: adding GDP Val AA, Critical Point, hallucination rate, and dropping some saturated benchmarks (human-eval-style coding is now trivial for small models)Links to Artificial Analysis* Website: https://artificialanalysis.ai* George Cameron on X: https://x.com/georgecameron* Micah-Hill Smith on X: https://x.com/micahhsmithFull Episode on YouTubeTimestamps* 00:00 Introduction: Full Circle Moment and Artificial Analysis Origins* 01:19 Business Model: Independence and Revenue Streams* 04:33 Origin Story: From Legal AI to Benchmarking Need* 16:22 AI Grant and Moving to San Francisco* 19:21 Intelligence Index Evolution: From V1 to V3* 11:47 Benchmarking Challenges: Variance, Contamination, and Methodology* 13:52 Mystery Shopper Policy and Maintaining Independence* 28:01 New Benchmarks: Omissions Index for Hallucination Detection* 33:36 Critical Point: Hard Physics Problems and Research-Level Reasoning* 23:01 GDP Val AA: Agentic Benchmark for Real Work Tasks* 50:19 Stirrup Agent Harness: Open Source Agentic Framework* 52:43 Openness Index: Measuring Model Transparency Beyond Licenses* 58:25 The Smiling Curve: Cost Falling While Spend Rising* 1:02:32 Hardware Efficiency: Blackwell Gains and Sparsity Limits* 1:06:23 Reasoning Models and Token Efficiency: The Spectrum Emerges* 1:11:00 Multimodal Benchmarking: Image, Video, and Speech Arenas* 1:15:05 Looking Ahead: Intelligence Index V4 and Future Directions* 1:16:50 Closing: The Insatiable Demand for IntelligenceTranscriptMicah [00:00:06]: This is kind of a full circle moment for us in a way, because the first time artificial analysis got mentioned on a podcast was you and Alessio on Latent Space. Amazing.swyx [00:00:17]: Which was January 2024. I don't even remember doing that, but yeah, it was very influential to me. Yeah, I'm looking at AI News for Jan 17, or Jan 16, 2024. I said, this gem of a models and host comparison site was just launched. And then I put in a few screenshots, and I said, it's an independent third party. It clearly outlines the quality versus throughput trade-off, and it breaks out by model and hosting provider. I did give you s**t for missing fireworks, and how do you have a model benchmarking thing without fireworks? But you had together, you had perplexity, and I think we just started chatting there. Welcome, George and Micah, to Latent Space. I've been following your progress. Congrats on... It's been an amazing year. You guys have really come together to be the presumptive new gardener of AI, right? Which is something that...George [00:01:09]: Yeah, but you can't pay us for better results.swyx [00:01:12]: Yes, exactly.George [00:01:13]: Very important.Micah [00:01:14]: Start off with a spicy take.swyx [00:01:18]: Okay, how do I pay you?Micah [00:01:20]: Let's get right into that.swyx [00:01:21]: How do you make money?Micah [00:01:24]: Well, very happy to talk about that. So it's been a big journey the last couple of years. Artificial analysis is going to be two years old in January 2026. Which is pretty soon now. We first run the website for free, obviously, and give away a ton of data to help developers and companies navigate AI and make decisions about models, providers, technologies across the AI stack for building stuff. We're very committed to doing that and tend to keep doing that. We have, along the way, built a business that is working out pretty sustainably. We've got just over 20 people now and two main customer groups. So we want to be... We want to be who enterprise look to for data and insights on AI, so we want to help them with their decisions about models and technologies for building stuff. And then on the other side, we do private benchmarking for companies throughout the AI stack who build AI stuff. So no one pays to be on the website. We've been very clear about that from the very start because there's no use doing what we do unless it's independent AI benchmarking. Yeah. But turns out a bunch of our stuff can be pretty useful to companies building AI stuff.swyx [00:02:38]: And is it like, I am a Fortune 500, I need advisors on objective analysis, and I call you guys and you pull up a custom report for me, you come into my office and give me a workshop? What kind of engagement is that?George [00:02:53]: So we have a benchmarking and insight subscription, which looks like standardized reports that cover key topics or key challenges enterprises face when looking to understand AI and choose between all the technologies. And so, for instance, one of the report is a model deployment report, how to think about choosing between serverless inference, managed deployment solutions, or leasing chips. And running inference yourself is an example kind of decision that big enterprises face, and it's hard to reason through, like this AI stuff is really new to everybody. And so we try and help with our reports and insight subscription. Companies navigate that. We also do custom private benchmarking. And so that's very different from the public benchmarking that we publicize, and there's no commercial model around that. For private benchmarking, we'll at times create benchmarks, run benchmarks to specs that enterprises want. And we'll also do that sometimes for AI companies who have built things, and we help them understand what they've built with private benchmarking. Yeah. So that's a piece mainly that we've developed through trying to support everybody publicly with our public benchmarks. Yeah.swyx [00:04:09]: Let's talk about TechStack behind that. But okay, I'm going to rewind all the way to when you guys started this project. You were all the way in Sydney? Yeah. Well, Sydney, Australia for me.Micah [00:04:19]: George was an SF, but he's Australian, but he moved here already. Yeah.swyx [00:04:22]: And I remember I had the Zoom call with you. What was the impetus for starting artificial analysis in the first place? You know, you started with public benchmarks. And so let's start there. We'll go to the private benchmark. Yeah.George [00:04:33]: Why don't we even go back a little bit to like why we, you know, thought that it was needed? Yeah.Micah [00:04:40]: The story kind of begins like in 2022, 2023, like both George and I have been into AI stuff for quite a while. In 2023 specifically, I was trying to build a legal AI research assistant. So it actually worked pretty well for its era, I would say. Yeah. Yeah. So I was finding that the more you go into building something using LLMs, the more each bit of what you're doing ends up being a benchmarking problem. So had like this multistage algorithm thing, trying to figure out what the minimum viable model for each bit was, trying to optimize every bit of it as you build that out, right? Like you're trying to think about accuracy, a bunch of other metrics and performance and cost. And mostly just no one was doing anything to independently evaluate all the models. And certainly not to look at the trade-offs for speed and cost. So we basically set out just to build a thing that developers could look at to see the trade-offs between all of those things measured independently across all the models and providers. Honestly, it was probably meant to be a side project when we first started doing it.swyx [00:05:49]: Like we didn't like get together and say like, Hey, like we're going to stop working on all this stuff. I'm like, this is going to be our main thing. When I first called you, I think you hadn't decided on starting a company yet.Micah [00:05:58]: That's actually true. I don't even think we'd pause like, like George had an acquittance job. I didn't quit working on my legal AI thing. Like it was genuinely a side project.George [00:06:05]: We built it because we needed it as people building in the space and thought, Oh, other people might find it useful too. So we'll buy domain and link it to the Vercel deployment that we had and tweet about it. And, but very quickly it started getting attention. Thank you, Swyx for, I think doing an initial retweet and spotlighting it there. This project that we released. And then very quickly though, it was useful to others, but very quickly it became more useful as the number of models released accelerated. We had Mixtrel 8x7B and it was a key. That's a fun one. Yeah. Like a open source model that really changed the landscape and opened up people's eyes to other serverless inference providers and thinking about speed, thinking about cost. And so that was a key. And so it became more useful quite quickly. Yeah.swyx [00:07:02]: What I love talking to people like you who sit across the ecosystem is, well, I have theories about what people want, but you have data and that's obviously more relevant. But I want to stay on the origin story a little bit more. When you started out, I would say, I think the status quo at the time was every paper would come out and they would report their numbers versus competitor numbers. And that's basically it. And I remember I did the legwork. I think everyone has some knowledge. I think there's some version of Excel sheet or a Google sheet where you just like copy and paste the numbers from every paper and just post it up there. And then sometimes they don't line up because they're independently run. And so your numbers are going to look better than... Your reproductions of other people's numbers are going to look worse because you don't hold their models correctly or whatever the excuse is. I think then Stanford Helm, Percy Liang's project would also have some of these numbers. And I don't know if there's any other source that you can cite. The way that if I were to start artificial analysis at the same time you guys started, I would have used the Luther AI's eval framework harness. Yup.Micah [00:08:06]: Yup. That was some cool stuff. At the end of the day, running these evals, it's like if it's a simple Q&A eval, all you're doing is asking a list of questions and checking if the answers are right, which shouldn't be that crazy. But it turns out there are an enormous number of things that you've got control for. And I mean, back when we started the website. Yeah. Yeah. Like one of the reasons why we realized that we had to run the evals ourselves and couldn't just take rules from the labs was just that they would all prompt the models differently. And when you're competing over a few points, then you can pretty easily get- You can put the answer into the model. Yeah. That in the extreme. And like you get crazy cases like back when I'm Googled a Gemini 1.0 Ultra and needed a number that would say it was better than GPT-4 and like constructed, I think never published like chain of thought examples. 32 of them in every topic in MLU to run it, to get the score, like there are so many things that you- They never shipped Ultra, right? That's the one that never made it up. Not widely. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, I'm sure it existed, but yeah. So we were pretty sure that we needed to run them ourselves and just run them in the same way across all the models. Yeah. And we were, we also did certain from the start that you couldn't look at those in isolation. You needed to look at them alongside the cost and performance stuff. Yeah.swyx [00:09:24]: Okay. A couple of technical questions. I mean, so obviously I also thought about this and I didn't do it because of cost. Yep. Did you not worry about costs? Were you funded already? Clearly not, but you know. No. Well, we definitely weren't at the start.Micah [00:09:36]: So like, I mean, we're paying for it personally at the start. There's a lot of money. Well, the numbers weren't nearly as bad a couple of years ago. So we certainly incurred some costs, but we were probably in the order of like hundreds of dollars of spend across all the benchmarking that we were doing. Yeah. So nothing. Yeah. It was like kind of fine. Yeah. Yeah. These days that's gone up an enormous amount for a bunch of reasons that we can talk about. But yeah, it wasn't that bad because you can also remember that like the number of models we were dealing with was hardly any and the complexity of the stuff that we wanted to do to evaluate them was a lot less. Like we were just asking some Q&A type questions and then one specific thing was for a lot of evals initially, we were just like sampling an answer. You know, like, what's the answer for this? Like, we didn't want to go into the answer directly without letting the models think. We weren't even doing chain of thought stuff initially. And that was the most useful way to get some results initially. Yeah.swyx [00:10:33]: And so for people who haven't done this work, literally parsing the responses is a whole thing, right? Like because sometimes the models, the models can answer any way they feel fit and sometimes they actually do have the right answer, but they just returned the wrong format and they will get a zero for that unless you work it into your parser. And that involves more work. And so, I mean, but there's an open question whether you should give it points for not following your instructions on the format.Micah [00:11:00]: It depends what you're looking at, right? Because you can, if you're trying to see whether or not it can solve a particular type of reasoning problem, and you don't want to test it on its ability to do answer formatting at the same time, then you might want to use an LLM as answer extractor approach to make sure that you get the answer out no matter how unanswered. But these days, it's mostly less of a problem. Like, if you instruct a model and give it examples of what the answers should look like, it can get the answers in your format, and then you can do, like, a simple regex.swyx [00:11:28]: Yeah, yeah. And then there's other questions around, I guess, sometimes if you have a multiple choice question, sometimes there's a bias towards the first answer, so you have to randomize the responses. All these nuances, like, once you dig into benchmarks, you're like, I don't know how anyone believes the numbers on all these things. It's so dark magic.Micah [00:11:47]: You've also got, like… You've got, like, the different degrees of variance in different benchmarks, right? Yeah. So, if you run four-question multi-choice on a modern reasoning model at the temperatures suggested by the labs for their own models, the variance that you can see on a four-question multi-choice eval is pretty enormous if you only do a single run of it and it has a small number of questions, especially. So, like, one of the things that we do is run an enormous number of all of our evals when we're developing new ones and doing upgrades to our intelligence index to bring in new things. Yeah. So, that we can dial in the right number of repeats so that we can get to the 95% confidence intervals that we're comfortable with so that when we pull that together, we can be confident in intelligence index to at least as tight as, like, a plus or minus one at a 95% confidence. Yeah.swyx [00:12:32]: And, again, that just adds a straight multiple to the cost. Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah.George [00:12:37]: So, that's one of many reasons that cost has gone up a lot more than linearly over the last couple of years. We report a cost to run the artificial analysis. We report a cost to run the artificial analysis intelligence index on our website, and currently that's assuming one repeat in terms of how we report it because we want to reflect a bit about the weighting of the index. But our cost is actually a lot higher than what we report there because of the repeats.swyx [00:13:03]: Yeah, yeah, yeah. And probably this is true, but just checking, you don't have any special deals with the labs. They don't discount it. You just pay out of pocket or out of your sort of customer funds. Oh, there is a mix. So, the issue is that sometimes they may give you a special end point, which is… Ah, 100%.Micah [00:13:21]: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Exactly. So, we laser focus, like, on everything we do on having the best independent metrics and making sure that no one can manipulate them in any way. There are quite a lot of processes we've developed over the last couple of years to make that true for, like, the one you bring up, like, right here of the fact that if we're working with a lab, if they're giving us a private endpoint to evaluate a model, that it is totally possible. That what's sitting behind that black box is not the same as they serve on a public endpoint. We're very aware of that. We have what we call a mystery shopper policy. And so, and we're totally transparent with all the labs we work with about this, that we will register accounts not on our own domain and run both intelligence evals and performance benchmarks… Yeah, that's the job. …without them being able to identify it. And no one's ever had a problem with that. Because, like, a thing that turns out to actually be quite a good… …good factor in the industry is that they all want to believe that none of their competitors could manipulate what we're doing either.swyx [00:14:23]: That's true. I never thought about that. I've been in the database data industry prior, and there's a lot of shenanigans around benchmarking, right? So I'm just kind of going through the mental laundry list. Did I miss anything else in this category of shenanigans? Oh, potential shenanigans.Micah [00:14:36]: I mean, okay, the biggest one, like, that I'll bring up, like, is more of a conceptual one, actually, than, like, direct shenanigans. It's that the things that get measured become things that get targeted by labs that they're trying to build, right? Exactly. So that doesn't mean anything that we should really call shenanigans. Like, I'm not talking about training on test set. But if you know that you're going to be great at another particular thing, if you're a researcher, there are a whole bunch of things that you can do to try to get better at that thing that preferably are going to be helpful for a wide range of how actual users want to use the thing that you're building. But will not necessarily work. Will not necessarily do that. So, for instance, the models are exceptional now at answering competition maths problems. There is some relevance of that type of reasoning, that type of work, to, like, how we might use modern coding agents and stuff. But it's clearly not one for one. So the thing that we have to be aware of is that once an eval becomes the thing that everyone's looking at, scores can get better on it without there being a reflection of overall generalized intelligence of these models. Getting better. That has been true for the last couple of years. It'll be true for the next couple of years. There's no silver bullet to defeat that other than building new stuff to stay relevant and measure the capabilities that matter most to real users. Yeah.swyx [00:15:58]: And we'll cover some of the new stuff that you guys are building as well, which is cool. Like, you used to just run other people's evals, but now you're coming up with your own. And I think, obviously, that is a necessary path once you're at the frontier. You've exhausted all the existing evals. I think the next point in history that I have for you is AI Grant that you guys decided to join and move here. What was it like? I think you were in, like, batch two? Batch four. Batch four. Okay.Micah [00:16:26]: I mean, it was great. Nat and Daniel are obviously great. And it's a really cool group of companies that we were in AI Grant alongside. It was really great to get Nat and Daniel on board. Obviously, they've done a whole lot of great work in the space with a lot of leading companies and were extremely aligned. With the mission of what we were trying to do. Like, we're not quite typical of, like, a lot of the other AI startups that they've invested in.swyx [00:16:53]: And they were very much here for the mission of what we want to do. Did they say any advice that really affected you in some way or, like, were one of the events very impactful? That's an interesting question.Micah [00:17:03]: I mean, I remember fondly a bunch of the speakers who came and did fireside chats at AI Grant.swyx [00:17:09]: Which is also, like, a crazy list. Yeah.George [00:17:11]: Oh, totally. Yeah, yeah, yeah. There was something about, you know, speaking to Nat and Daniel about the challenges of working through a startup and just working through the questions that don't have, like, clear answers and how to work through those kind of methodically and just, like, work through the hard decisions. And they've been great mentors to us as we've built artificial analysis. Another benefit for us was that other companies in the batch and other companies in AI Grant are pushing the capabilities. Yeah. And I think that's a big part of what AI can do at this time. And so being in contact with them, making sure that artificial analysis is useful to them has been fantastic for supporting us in working out how should we build out artificial analysis to continue to being useful to those, like, you know, building on AI.swyx [00:17:59]: I think to some extent, I'm mixed opinion on that one because to some extent, your target audience is not people in AI Grants who are obviously at the frontier. Yeah. Do you disagree?Micah [00:18:09]: To some extent. To some extent. But then, so a lot of what the AI Grant companies are doing is taking capabilities coming out of the labs and trying to push the limits of what they can do across the entire stack for building great applications, which actually makes some of them pretty archetypical power users of artificial analysis. Some of the people with the strongest opinions about what we're doing well and what we're not doing well and what they want to see next from us. Yeah. Yeah. Because when you're building any kind of AI application now, chances are you're using a whole bunch of different models. You're maybe switching reasonably frequently for different models and different parts of your application to optimize what you're able to do with them at an accuracy level and to get better speed and cost characteristics. So for many of them, no, they're like not commercial customers of ours, like we don't charge for all our data on the website. Yeah. They are absolutely some of our power users.swyx [00:19:07]: So let's talk about just the evals as well. So you start out from the general like MMU and GPQA stuff. What's next? How do you sort of build up to the overall index? What was in V1 and how did you evolve it? Okay.Micah [00:19:22]: So first, just like background, like we're talking about the artificial analysis intelligence index, which is our synthesis metric that we pulled together currently from 10 different eval data sets to give what? We're pretty much the same as that. Pretty confident is the best single number to look at for how smart the models are. Obviously, it doesn't tell the whole story. That's why we published the whole website of all the charts to dive into every part of it and look at the trade-offs. But best single number. So right now, it's got a bunch of Q&A type data sets that have been very important to the industry, like a couple that you just mentioned. It's also got a couple of agentic data sets. It's got our own long context reasoning data set and some other use case focused stuff. As time goes on. The things that we're most interested in that are going to be important to the capabilities that are becoming more important for AI, what developers are caring about, are going to be first around agentic capabilities. So surprise, surprise. We're all loving our coding agents and how the model is going to perform like that and then do similar things for different types of work are really important to us. The linking to use cases to economically valuable use cases are extremely important to us. And then we've got some of the. Yeah. These things that the models still struggle with, like working really well over long contexts that are not going to go away as specific capabilities and use cases that we need to keep evaluating.swyx [00:20:46]: But I guess one thing I was driving was like the V1 versus the V2 and how bad it was over time.Micah [00:20:53]: Like how we've changed the index to where we are.swyx [00:20:55]: And I think that reflects on the change in the industry. Right. So that's a nice way to tell that story.Micah [00:21:00]: Well, V1 would be completely saturated right now. Almost every model coming out because doing things like writing the Python functions and human evil is now pretty trivial. It's easy to forget, actually, I think how much progress has been made in the last two years. Like we obviously play the game constantly of like the today's version versus last week's version and the week before and all of the small changes in the horse race between the current frontier and who has the best like smaller than 10B model like right now this week. Right. And that's very important to a lot of developers and people and especially in this particular city of San Francisco. But when you zoom out a couple of years ago, literally most of what we were doing to evaluate the models then would all be 100% solved by even pretty small models today. And that's been one of the key things, by the way, that's driven down the cost of intelligence at every tier of intelligence. We can talk about more in a bit. So V1, V2, V3, we made things harder. We covered a wider range of use cases. And we tried to get closer to things developers care about as opposed to like just the Q&A type stuff that MMLU and GPQA represented. Yeah.swyx [00:22:12]: I don't know if you have anything to add there. Or we could just go right into showing people the benchmark and like looking around and asking questions about it. Yeah.Micah [00:22:21]: Let's do it. Okay. This would be a pretty good way to chat about a few of the new things we've launched recently. Yeah.George [00:22:26]: And I think a little bit about the direction that we want to take it. And we want to push benchmarks. Currently, the intelligence index and evals focus a lot on kind of raw intelligence. But we kind of want to diversify how we think about intelligence. And we can talk about it. But kind of new evals that we've kind of built and partnered on focus on topics like hallucination. And we've got a lot of topics that I think are not covered by the current eval set that should be. And so we want to bring that forth. But before we get into that.swyx [00:23:01]: And so for listeners, just as a timestamp, right now, number one is Gemini 3 Pro High. Then followed by Cloud Opus at 70. Just 5.1 high. You don't have 5.2 yet. And Kimi K2 Thinking. Wow. Still hanging in there. So those are the top four. That will date this podcast quickly. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, I love it. I love it. No, no. 100%. Look back this time next year and go, how cute. Yep.George [00:23:25]: Totally. A quick view of that is, okay, there's a lot. I love it. I love this chart. Yeah.Micah [00:23:30]: This is such a favorite, right? Yeah. And almost every talk that George or I give at conferences and stuff, we always put this one up first to just talk about situating where we are in this moment in history. This, I think, is the visual version of what I was saying before about the zooming out and remembering how much progress there's been. If we go back to just over a year ago, before 01, before Cloud Sonnet 3.5, we didn't have reasoning models or coding agents as a thing. And the game was very, very different. If we go back even a little bit before then, we're in the era where, when you look at this chart, open AI was untouchable for well over a year. And, I mean, you would remember that time period well of there being very open questions about whether or not AI was going to be competitive, like full stop, whether or not open AI would just run away with it, whether we would have a few frontier labs and no one else would really be able to do anything other than consume their APIs. I am quite happy overall that the world that we have ended up in is one where... Multi-model. Absolutely. And strictly more competitive every quarter over the last few years. Yeah. This year has been insane. Yeah.George [00:24:42]: You can see it. This chart with everything added is hard to read currently. There's so many dots on it, but I think it reflects a little bit what we felt, like how crazy it's been.swyx [00:24:54]: Why 14 as the default? Is that a manual choice? Because you've got service now in there that are less traditional names. Yeah.George [00:25:01]: It's models that we're kind of highlighting by default in our charts, in our intelligence index. Okay.swyx [00:25:07]: You just have a manually curated list of stuff.George [00:25:10]: Yeah, that's right. But something that I actually don't think every artificial analysis user knows is that you can customize our charts and choose what models are highlighted. Yeah. And so if we take off a few names, it gets a little easier to read.swyx [00:25:25]: Yeah, yeah. A little easier to read. Totally. Yeah. But I love that you can see the all one jump. Look at that. September 2024. And the DeepSeek jump. Yeah.George [00:25:34]: Which got close to OpenAI's leadership. They were so close. I think, yeah, we remember that moment. Around this time last year, actually.Micah [00:25:44]: Yeah, yeah, yeah. I agree. Yeah, well, a couple of weeks. It was Boxing Day in New Zealand when DeepSeek v3 came out. And we'd been tracking DeepSeek and a bunch of the other global players that were less known over the second half of 2024 and had run evals on the earlier ones and stuff. I very distinctly remember Boxing Day in New Zealand, because I was with family for Christmas and stuff, running the evals and getting back result by result on DeepSeek v3. So this was the first of their v3 architecture, the 671b MOE.Micah [00:26:19]: And we were very, very impressed. That was the moment where we were sure that DeepSeek was no longer just one of many players, but had jumped up to be a thing. The world really noticed when they followed that up with the RL working on top of v3 and R1 succeeding a few weeks later. But the groundwork for that absolutely was laid with just extremely strong base model, completely open weights that we had as the best open weights model. So, yeah, that's the thing that you really see in the game. But I think that we got a lot of good feedback on Boxing Day. us on Boxing Day last year.George [00:26:48]: Boxing Day is the day after Christmas for those not familiar.George [00:26:54]: I'm from Singapore.swyx [00:26:55]: A lot of us remember Boxing Day for a different reason, for the tsunami that happened. Oh, of course. Yeah, but that was a long time ago. So yeah. So this is the rough pitch of AAQI. Is it A-A-Q-I or A-A-I-I? I-I. Okay. Good memory, though.Micah [00:27:11]: I don't know. I'm not used to it. Once upon a time, we did call it Quality Index, and we would talk about quality, performance, and price, but we changed it to intelligence.George [00:27:20]: There's been a few naming changes. We added hardware benchmarking to the site, and so benchmarks at a kind of system level. And so then we changed our throughput metric to, we now call it output speed, and thenswyx [00:27:32]: throughput makes sense at a system level, so we took that name. Take me through more charts. What should people know? Obviously, the way you look at the site is probably different than how a beginner might look at it.Micah [00:27:42]: Yeah, that's fair. There's a lot of fun stuff to dive into. Maybe so we can hit past all the, like, we have lots and lots of emails and stuff. The interesting ones to talk about today that would be great to bring up are a few of our recent things, I think, that probably not many people will be familiar with yet. So first one of those is our omniscience index. So this one is a little bit different to most of the intelligence evils that we've run. We built it specifically to look at the embedded knowledge in the models and to test hallucination by looking at when the model doesn't know the answer, so not able to get it correct, what's its probability of saying, I don't know, or giving an incorrect answer. So the metric that we use for omniscience goes from negative 100 to positive 100. Because we're simply taking off a point if you give an incorrect answer to the question. We're pretty convinced that this is an example of where it makes most sense to do that, because it's strictly more helpful to say, I don't know, instead of giving a wrong answer to factual knowledge question. And one of our goals is to shift the incentive that evils create for models and the labs creating them to get higher scores. And almost every evil across all of AI up until this point, it's been graded by simple percentage correct as the main metric, the main thing that gets hyped. And so you should take a shot at everything. There's no incentive to say, I don't know. So we did that for this one here.swyx [00:29:22]: I think there's a general field of calibration as well, like the confidence in your answer versus the rightness of the answer. Yeah, we completely agree. Yeah. Yeah.George [00:29:31]: On that. And one reason that we didn't do that is because. Or put that into this index is that we think that the, the way to do that is not to ask the models how confident they are.swyx [00:29:43]: I don't know. Maybe it might be though. You put it like a JSON field, say, say confidence and maybe it spits out something. Yeah. You know, we have done a few evils podcasts over the, over the years. And when we did one with Clementine of hugging face, who maintains the open source leaderboard, and this was one of her top requests, which is some kind of hallucination slash lack of confidence calibration thing. And so, Hey, this is one of them.Micah [00:30:05]: And I mean, like anything that we do, it's not a perfect metric or the whole story of everything that you think about as hallucination. But yeah, it's pretty useful and has some interesting results. Like one of the things that we saw in the hallucination rate is that anthropics Claude models at the, the, the very left-hand side here with the lowest hallucination rates out of the models that we've evaluated amnesty is on. That is an interesting fact. I think it probably correlates with a lot of the previously, not really measured vibes stuff that people like about some of the Claude models. Is the dataset public or what's is it, is there a held out set? There's a hell of a set for this one. So we, we have published a public test set, but we we've only published 10% of it. The reason is that for this one here specifically, it would be very, very easy to like have data contamination because it is just factual knowledge questions. We would. We'll update it at a time to also prevent that, but with yeah, kept most of it held out so that we can keep it reliable for a long time. It leads us to a bunch of really cool things, including breakdown quite granularly by topic. And so we've got some of that disclosed on the website publicly right now, and there's lots more coming in terms of our ability to break out very specific topics. Yeah.swyx [00:31:23]: I would be interested. Let's, let's dwell a little bit on this hallucination one. I noticed that Haiku hallucinates less than Sonnet hallucinates less than Opus. And yeah. Would that be the other way around in a normal capability environments? I don't know. What's, what do you make of that?George [00:31:37]: One interesting aspect is that we've found that there's not really a, not a strong correlation between intelligence and hallucination, right? That's to say that the smarter the models are in a general sense, isn't correlated with their ability to, when they don't know something, say that they don't know. It's interesting that Gemini three pro preview was a big leap over here. Gemini 2.5. Flash and, and, and 2.5 pro, but, and if I add pro quickly here.swyx [00:32:07]: I bet pro's really good. Uh, actually no, I meant, I meant, uh, the GPT pros.George [00:32:12]: Oh yeah.swyx [00:32:13]: Cause GPT pros are rumored. We don't know for a fact that it's like eight runs and then with the LM judge on top. Yeah.George [00:32:20]: So we saw a big jump in, this is accuracy. So this is just percent that they get, uh, correct and Gemini three pro knew a lot more than the other models. And so big jump in accuracy. But relatively no change between the Google Gemini models, between releases. And the hallucination rate. Exactly. And so it's likely due to just kind of different post-training recipe, between the, the Claude models. Yeah.Micah [00:32:45]: Um, there's, there's driven this. Yeah. You can, uh, you can partially blame us and how we define intelligence having until now not defined hallucination as a negative in the way that we think about intelligence.swyx [00:32:56]: And so that's what we're changing. Uh, I know many smart people who are confidently incorrect.George [00:33:02]: Uh, look, look at that. That, that, that is very humans. Very true. And there's times and a place for that. I think our view is that hallucination rate makes sense in this context where it's around knowledge, but in many cases, people want the models to hallucinate, to have a go. Often that's the case in coding or when you're trying to generate newer ideas. One eval that we added to artificial analysis is, is, is critical point and it's really hard, uh, physics problems. Okay.swyx [00:33:32]: And is it sort of like a human eval type or something different or like a frontier math type?George [00:33:37]: It's not dissimilar to frontier frontier math. So these are kind of research questions that kind of academics in the physics physics world would be able to answer, but models really struggled to answer. So the top score here is not 9%.swyx [00:33:51]: And when the people that, that created this like Minway and, and, and actually off via who was kind of behind sweep and what organization is this? Oh, is this, it's Princeton.George [00:34:01]: Kind of range of academics from, from, uh, different academic institutions, really smart people. They talked about how they turn the models up in terms of the temperature as high temperature as they can, where they're trying to explore kind of new ideas in physics as a, as a thought partner, just because they, they want the models to hallucinate. Um, yeah, sometimes it's something new. Yeah, exactly.swyx [00:34:21]: Um, so not right in every situation, but, um, I think it makes sense, you know, to test hallucination in scenarios where it makes sense. Also, the obvious question is, uh, this is one of. Many that there is there, every lab has a system card that shows some kind of hallucination number, and you've chosen to not, uh, endorse that and you've made your own. And I think that's a, that's a choice. Um, totally in some sense, the rest of artificial analysis is public benchmarks that other people can independently rerun. You provide it as a service here. You have to fight the, well, who are we to, to like do this? And your, your answer is that we have a lot of customers and, you know, but like, I guess, how do you converge the individual?Micah [00:35:08]: I mean, I think, I think for hallucinations specifically, there are a bunch of different things that you might care about reasonably, and that you'd measure quite differently, like we've called this a amnesty and solutionation rate, not trying to declare the, like, it's humanity's last hallucination. You could, uh, you could have some interesting naming conventions and all this stuff. Um, the biggest picture answer to that. It's something that I actually wanted to mention. Just as George was explaining, critical point as well is, so as we go forward, we are building evals internally. We're partnering with academia and partnering with AI companies to build great evals. We have pretty strong views on, in various ways for different parts of the AI stack, where there are things that are not being measured well, or things that developers care about that should be measured more and better. And we intend to be doing that. We're not obsessed necessarily with that. Everything we do, we have to do entirely within our own team. Critical point. As a cool example of where we were a launch partner for it, working with academia, we've got some partnerships coming up with a couple of leading companies. Those ones, obviously we have to be careful with on some of the independent stuff, but with the right disclosure, like we're completely comfortable with that. A lot of the labs have released great data sets in the past that we've used to great success independently. And so it's between all of those techniques, we're going to be releasing more stuff in the future. Cool.swyx [00:36:26]: Let's cover the last couple. And then we'll, I want to talk about your trends analysis stuff, you know? Totally.Micah [00:36:31]: So that actually, I have one like little factoid on omniscience. If you go back up to accuracy on omniscience, an interesting thing about this accuracy metric is that it tracks more closely than anything else that we measure. The total parameter count of models makes a lot of sense intuitively, right? Because this is a knowledge eval. This is the pure knowledge metric. We're not looking at the index and the hallucination rate stuff that we think is much more about how the models are trained. This is just what facts did they recall? And yeah, it tracks parameter count extremely closely. Okay.swyx [00:37:05]: What's the rumored size of GPT-3 Pro? And to be clear, not confirmed for any official source, just rumors. But rumors do fly around. Rumors. I get, I hear all sorts of numbers. I don't know what to trust.Micah [00:37:17]: So if you, if you draw the line on omniscience accuracy versus total parameters, we've got all the open ways models, you can squint and see that likely the leading frontier models right now are quite a lot bigger than the ones that we're seeing right now. And the one trillion parameters that the open weights models cap out at, and the ones that we're looking at here, there's an interesting extra data point that Elon Musk revealed recently about XAI that for three trillion parameters for GROK 3 and 4, 6 trillion for GROK 5, but that's not out yet. Take those together, have a look. You might reasonably form a view that there's a pretty good chance that Gemini 3 Pro is bigger than that, that it could be in the 5 to 10 trillion parameters. To be clear, I have absolutely no idea, but just based on this chart, like that's where you would, you would land if you have a look at it. Yeah.swyx [00:38:07]: And to some extent, I actually kind of discourage people from guessing too much because what does it really matter? Like as long as they can serve it as a sustainable cost, that's about it. Like, yeah, totally.George [00:38:17]: They've also got different incentives in play compared to like open weights models who are thinking to supporting others in self-deployment for the labs who are doing inference at scale. It's I think less about total parameters in many cases. When thinking about inference costs and more around number of active parameters. And so there's a bit of an incentive towards larger sparser models. Agreed.Micah [00:38:38]: Understood. Yeah. Great. I mean, obviously if you're a developer or company using these things, not exactly as you say, it doesn't matter. You should be looking at all the different ways that we measure intelligence. You should be looking at cost to run index number and the different ways of thinking about token efficiency and cost efficiency based on the list prices, because that's all it matters.swyx [00:38:56]: It's not as good for the content creator rumor mill where I can say. Oh, GPT-4 is this small circle. Look at GPT-5 is this big circle. And then there used to be a thing for a while. Yeah.Micah [00:39:07]: But that is like on its own, actually a very interesting one, right? That is it just purely that chances are the last couple of years haven't seen a dramatic scaling up in the total size of these models. And so there's a lot of room to go up properly in total size of the models, especially with the upcoming hardware generations. Yes.swyx [00:39:29]: So, you know. Taking off my shitposting face for a minute. Yes. Yes. At the same time, I do feel like, you know, especially coming back from Europe, people do feel like Ilya is probably right that the paradigm is doesn't have many more orders of magnitude to scale out more. And therefore we need to start exploring at least a different path. GDPVal, I think it's like only like a month or so old. I was also very positive when it first came out. I actually talked to Tejo, who was the lead researcher on that. Oh, cool. And you have your own version.George [00:39:59]: It's a fantastic. It's a fantastic data set. Yeah.swyx [00:40:01]: And maybe it will recap for people who are still out of it. It's like 44 tasks based on some kind of GDP cutoff that's like meant to represent broad white collar work that is not just coding. Yeah.Micah [00:40:12]: Each of the tasks have a whole bunch of detailed instructions, some input files for a lot of them. It's within the 44 is divided into like two hundred and twenty two to five, maybe subtasks that are the level of that we run through the agenda. And yeah, they're really interesting. I will say that it doesn't. It doesn't necessarily capture like all the stuff that people do at work. No avail is perfect is always going to be more things to look at, largely because in order to make the tasks well enough to find that you can run them, they need to only have a handful of input files and very specific instructions for that task. And so I think the easiest way to think about them are that they're like quite hard take home exam tasks that you might do in an interview process.swyx [00:40:56]: Yeah, for listeners, it is not no longer like a long prompt. It is like, well, here's a zip file with like a spreadsheet or a PowerPoint deck or a PDF and go nuts and answer this question.George [00:41:06]: OpenAI released a great data set and they released a good paper which looks at performance across the different web chat bots on the data set. It's a great paper, encourage people to read it. What we've done is taken that data set and turned it into an eval that can be run on any model. So we created a reference agentic harness that can run. Run the models on the data set, and then we developed evaluator approach to compare outputs. That's kind of AI enabled, so it uses Gemini 3 Pro Preview to compare results, which we tested pretty comprehensively to ensure that it's aligned to human preferences. One data point there is that even as an evaluator, Gemini 3 Pro, interestingly, doesn't do actually that well. So that's kind of a good example of what we've done in GDPVal AA.swyx [00:42:01]: Yeah, the thing that you have to watch out for with LLM judge is self-preference that models usually prefer their own output, and in this case, it was not. Totally.Micah [00:42:08]: I think the way that we're thinking about the places where it makes sense to use an LLM as judge approach now, like quite different to some of the early LLM as judge stuff a couple of years ago, because some of that and MTV was a great project that was a good example of some of this a while ago was about judging conversations and like a lot of style type stuff. Here, we've got the task that the grader and grading model is doing is quite different to the task of taking the test. When you're taking the test, you've got all of the agentic tools you're working with, the code interpreter and web search, the file system to go through many, many turns to try to create the documents. Then on the other side, when we're grading it, we're running it through a pipeline to extract visual and text versions of the files and be able to provide that to Gemini, and we're providing the criteria for the task and getting it to pick which one more effectively meets the criteria of the task. Yeah. So we've got the task out of two potential outcomes. It turns out that we proved that it's just very, very good at getting that right, matched with human preference a lot of the time, because I think it's got the raw intelligence, but it's combined with the correct representation of the outputs, the fact that the outputs were created with an agentic task that is quite different to the way the grading model works, and we're comparing it against criteria, not just kind of zero shot trying to ask the model to pick which one is better.swyx [00:43:26]: Got it. Why is this an ELO? And not a percentage, like GDP-VAL?George [00:43:31]: So the outputs look like documents, and there's video outputs or audio outputs from some of the tasks. It has to make a video? Yeah, for some of the tasks. Some of the tasks.swyx [00:43:43]: What task is that?George [00:43:45]: I mean, it's in the data set. Like be a YouTuber? It's a marketing video.Micah [00:43:49]: Oh, wow. What? Like model has to go find clips on the internet and try to put it together. The models are not that good at doing that one, for now, to be clear. It's pretty hard to do that with a code editor. I mean, the computer stuff doesn't work quite well enough and so on and so on, but yeah.George [00:44:02]: And so there's no kind of ground truth, necessarily, to compare against, to work out percentage correct. It's hard to come up with correct or incorrect there. And so it's on a relative basis. And so we use an ELO approach to compare outputs from each of the models between the task.swyx [00:44:23]: You know what you should do? You should pay a contractor, a human, to do the same task. And then give it an ELO and then so you have, you have human there. It's just, I think what's helpful about GDPVal, the OpenAI one, is that 50% is meant to be normal human and maybe Domain Expert is higher than that, but 50% was the bar for like, well, if you've crossed 50, you are superhuman. Yeah.Micah [00:44:47]: So we like, haven't grounded this score in that exactly. I agree that it can be helpful, but we wanted to generalize this to a very large number. It's one of the reasons that presenting it as ELO is quite helpful and allows us to add models and it'll stay relevant for quite a long time. I also think it, it can be tricky looking at these exact tasks compared to the human performance, because the way that you would go about it as a human is quite different to how the models would go about it. Yeah.swyx [00:45:15]: I also liked that you included Lama 4 Maverick in there. Is that like just one last, like...Micah [00:45:20]: Well, no, no, no, no, no, no, it is the, it is the best model released by Meta. And... So it makes it into the homepage default set, still for now.George [00:45:31]: Other inclusion that's quite interesting is we also ran it across the latest versions of the web chatbots. And so we have...swyx [00:45:39]: Oh, that's right.George [00:45:40]: Oh, sorry.swyx [00:45:41]: I, yeah, I completely missed that. Okay.George [00:45:43]: No, not at all. So that, which has a checkered pattern. So that is their harness, not yours, is what you're saying. Exactly. And what's really interesting is that if you compare, for instance, Claude 4.5 Opus using the Claude web chatbot, it performs worse than the model in our agentic harness. And so in every case, the model performs better in our agentic harness than its web chatbot counterpart, the harness that they created.swyx [00:46:13]: Oh, my backwards explanation for that would be that, well, it's meant for consumer use cases and here you're pushing it for something.Micah [00:46:19]: The constraints are different and the amount of freedom that you can give the model is different. Also, you like have a cost goal. We let the models work as long as they want, basically. Yeah. Do you copy paste manually into the chatbot? Yeah. Yeah. That's, that was how we got the chatbot reference. We're not going to be keeping those updated at like quite the same scale as hundreds of models.swyx [00:46:38]: Well, so I don't know, talk to a browser base. They'll, they'll automate it for you. You know, like I have thought about like, well, we should turn these chatbot versions into an API because they are legitimately different agents in themselves. Yes. Right. Yeah.Micah [00:46:53]: And that's grown a huge amount of the last year, right? Like the tools. The tools that are available have actually diverged in my opinion, a fair bit across the major chatbot apps and the amount of data sources that you can connect them to have gone up a lot, meaning that your experience and the way you're using the model is more different than ever.swyx [00:47:10]: What tools and what data connections come to mind when you say what's interesting, what's notable work that people have done?Micah [00:47:15]: Oh, okay. So my favorite example on this is that until very recently, I would argue that it was basically impossible to get an LLM to draft an email for me in any useful way. Because most times that you're sending an email, you're not just writing something for the sake of writing it. Chances are context required is a whole bunch of historical emails. Maybe it's notes that you've made, maybe it's meeting notes, maybe it's, um, pulling something from your, um, any of like wherever you at work store stuff. So for me, like Google drive, one drive, um, in our super base databases, if we need to do some analysis or some data or something, preferably model can be plugged into all of those things and can go do some useful work based on it. The things that like I find most impressive currently that I am somewhat surprised work really well in late 2025, uh, that I can have models use super base MCP to query read only, of course, run a whole bunch of SQL queries to do pretty significant data analysis. And. And make charts and stuff and can read my Gmail and my notion. And okay. You actually use that. That's good. That's, that's, that's good. Is that a cloud thing? To various degrees of order, but chat GPD and Claude right now, I would say that this stuff like barely works in fairness right now. Like.George [00:48:33]: Because people are actually going to try this after they hear it. If you get an email from Micah, odds are it wasn't written by a chatbot.Micah [00:48:38]: So, yeah, I think it is true that I have never actually sent anyone an email drafted by a chatbot. Yet.swyx [00:48:46]: Um, and so you can, you can feel it right. And yeah, this time, this time next year, we'll come back and see where it's going. Totally. Um, super base shout out another famous Kiwi. Uh, I don't know if you've, you've any conversations with him about anything in particular on AI building and AI infra.George [00:49:03]: We have had, uh, Twitter DMS, um, with, with him because we're quite big, uh, super base users and power users. And we probably do some things more manually than we should in. In, in super base support line because you're, you're a little bit being super friendly. One extra, um, point regarding, um, GDP Val AA is that on the basis of the overperformance of the models compared to the chatbots turns out, we realized that, oh, like our reference harness that we built actually white works quite well on like gen generalist agentic tasks. This proves it in a sense. And so the agent harness is very. Minimalist. I think it follows some of the ideas that are in Claude code and we, all that we give it is context management capabilities, a web search, web browsing, uh, tool, uh, code execution, uh, environment. Anything else?Micah [00:50:02]: I mean, we can equip it with more tools, but like by default, yeah, that's it. We, we, we give it for GDP, a tool to, uh, view an image specifically, um, because the models, you know, can just use a terminal to pull stuff in text form into context. But to pull visual stuff into context, we had to give them a custom tool, but yeah, exactly. Um, you, you can explain an expert. No.George [00:50:21]: So it's, it, we turned out that we created a good generalist agentic harness. And so we, um, released that on, on GitHub yesterday. It's called stirrup. So if people want to check it out and, and it's a great, um, you know, base for, you know, generalist, uh, building a generalist agent for more specific tasks.Micah [00:50:39]: I'd say the best way to use it is get clone and then have your favorite coding. Agent make changes to it, to do whatever you want, because it's not that many lines of code and the coding agents can work with it. Super well.swyx [00:50:51]: Well, that's nice for the community to explore and share and hack on it. I think maybe in, in, in other similar environments, the terminal bench guys have done, uh, sort of the Harbor. Uh, and so it's, it's a, it's a bundle of, well, we need our minimal harness, which for them is terminus and we also need the RL environments or Docker deployment thing to, to run independently. So I don't know if you've looked at it. I don't know if you've looked at the harbor at all, is that, is that like a, a standard that people want to adopt?George [00:51:19]: Yeah, we've looked at it from a evals perspective and we love terminal bench and, and host benchmarks of, of, of terminal mention on artificial analysis. Um, we've looked at it from a, from a coding agent perspective, but could see it being a great, um, basis for any kind of agents. I think where we're getting to is that these models have gotten smart enough. They've gotten better, better tools that they can perform better when just given a minimalist. Set of tools and, and let them run, let the model control the, the agentic workflow rather than using another framework that's a bit more built out that tries to dictate the, dictate the flow. Awesome.swyx [00:51:56]: Let's cover the openness index and then let's go into the report stuff. Uh, so that's the, that's the last of the proprietary art numbers, I guess. I don't know how you sort of classify all these. Yeah.Micah [00:52:07]: Or call it, call it, let's call it the last of like the, the three new things that we're talking about from like the last few weeks. Um, cause I mean, there's a, we do a mix of stuff that. Where we're using open source, where we open source and what we do and, um, proprietary stuff that we don't always open source, like long context reasoning data set last year, we did open source. Um, and then all of the work on performance benchmarks across the site, some of them, we looking to open source, but some of them, like we're constantly iterating on and so on and so on and so on. So there's a huge mix, I would say, just of like stuff that is open source and not across the side. So that's a LCR for people. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.swyx [00:52:41]: Uh, but let's, let's, let's talk about open.Micah [00:52:42]: Let's talk about openness index. This. Here is call it like a new way to think about how open models are. We, for a long time, have tracked where the models are open weights and what the licenses on them are. And that's like pretty useful. That tells you what you're allowed to do with the weights of a model, but there is this whole other dimension to how open models are. That is pretty important that we haven't tracked until now. And that's how much is disclosed about how it was made. So transparency about data, pre-training data and post-training data. And whether you're allowed to use that data and transparency about methodology and training code. So basically, those are the components. We bring them together to score an openness index for models so that you can in one place get this full picture of how open models are.swyx [00:53:32]: I feel like I've seen a couple other people try to do this, but they're not maintained. I do think this does matter. I don't know what the numbers mean apart from is there a max number? Is this out of 20?George [00:53:44]: It's out of 18 currently, and so we've got an openness index page, but essentially these are points, you get points for being more open across these different categories and the maximum you can achieve is 18. So AI2 with their extremely open OMO3 32B think model is the leader in a sense.swyx [00:54:04]: It's hooking face.George [00:54:05]: Oh, with their smaller model. It's coming soon. I think we need to run, we need to get the intelligence benchmarks right to get it on the site.swyx [00:54:12]: You can't have it open in the next. We can not include hooking face. We love hooking face. We'll have that, we'll have that up very soon. I mean, you know, the refined web and all that stuff. It's, it's amazing. Or is it called fine web? Fine web. Fine web.Micah [00:54:23]: Yeah, yeah, no, totally. Yep. One of the reasons this is cool, right, is that if you're trying to understand the holistic picture of the models and what you can do with all the stuff the company's contributing, this gives you that picture. And so we are going to keep it up to date alongside all the models that we do intelligence index on, on the site. And it's just an extra view to understand.swyx [00:54:43]: Can you scroll down to this? The, the, the, the trade-offs chart. Yeah, yeah. That one. Yeah. This, this really matters, right? Obviously, because you can b

Worship led by Jeff Anderson

Are you on social media? Of course you are. So follow us! Twitter: @MemberTheGameInstagram: @MemberTheGameTwitch.tv/MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠Youtube.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook.com/RememberTheGamePodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok.com/@MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠And if you want access to hundreds of bonus (ad-free) podcasts, along with multiple new shows EVERY WEEK, consider showing us some love over at Patreon. Subscriptions start at just $3/month, and 5% of our patreon income every month will be donated to our 24 hour Extra-Life charity stream at the end of the year!⁠⁠⁠Patreon.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠And you can find info on Tyler's flick Contamination here:https://www.brimstonepictures.com/I like to end the year on a high-note when it comes to the podcast, and we saved a bonafide gem for the 2025 wrap-up. I've been singing the praises of Bioshock for years, and finally decided it was time to replay and review the sequel.I hadn't played Bioshock 2 since it released, and all I really remembered about it was that you played as a Big Daddy. Taking it for as pain for the first time in almost 15 years was a blast, and while I (ironically) the the Big Daddy mechanic falls a little flat, I still can't get enough of the world of Rapture.Ye olde Tylet is helping me close out the year by talking about killing crazy people with drills and singing the praises of genius Andrew Ryan's world of Rapture. Would you kindly join us?And before we go harvesting, I put together another edition of the Infamous Intro!This week someone asks if the Switch has surpassed the SNES as my favourite console? Am I interested in playing the original Fallout? And other than Mario, which franchise needs to start pumping out sports games??Plus we play another round of 'Play One, Remake One, Erase One', too! This one features 3 great sequels: Half-Life 2, Halo 2, and Mass Effect 2See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Send us a textIn this week's episode we discussed the growing concerns around Amazon's data centers and their potential impact on local water systems. We explore community allegations, environmental reports, and what scientists say about water contamination and long-term health risks, including cancer.Our Links:Retrospect

Citizen-Led Water Tests Reveal Alarming Contamination Across South Africa by Radio Islam

Get My Brand Masterlist ⁠https://drchristiangonzalez.com/best-brands-form-2-2/ Episode Description You see "supports hormonal balance" on the label and trust your estrogen supplement is pure, potent, and safe. But are you actually getting what you paid for—or playing Russian roulette with your hormones? Dr. Christian Gonzalez investigated the estrogen supplement industry with one critical question: can these brands prove their products are free from heavy metal contamination, maintain potency through expiration, and deliver the exact hormone dosage claimed on the label through third-party Certificates of Analysis (COAs)? The shocking reality? Most companies can't—or won't—provide basic proof of purity and potency. You're expected to trust your delicate hormonal system to manufacturers who refuse transparency about what's actually in the bottle. This isn't about being overly cautious—it's about protecting your endocrine system, bone health, and long-term vitality from contaminated or ineffective hormone supplementation. When you consume estrogen supplements without verified purity testing, you risk hormonal disruption, heavy metal accumulation, and health consequences that could take years to manifest. The hidden dangers lurking in estrogen supplements: • Heavy metal contamination including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury that bioaccumulate and disrupt hormonal pathways • Potency deception: hormone levels guaranteed only at manufacturing, not expiration—meaning dosing becomes unpredictable over time • Undisclosed synthetic additives and fillers that interfere with estrogen metabolism and liver detoxification • Contamination from yeast, mold, and bacteria in raw materials that trigger inflammatory immune responses • Dosage inconsistency between what's listed on the label and what third-party testing actually reveals in the capsule • Zero verification of bioidentical claims—you could be taking synthetic estrogens marketed as natural In this episode, Dr. Christian Gonzalez reveals: • Why the estrogen supplement industry operates with virtually zero accountability for purity, potency, or safety standards • The critical difference between bioidentical and synthetic estrogen—and why most brands can't prove which one they're selling • How heavy metal-contaminated estrogen supplements create a double assault on your endocrine system and detox pathways • The liver burden, breast tissue sensitivity, and cardiovascular risks amplified by low-quality estrogen supplementation • Why COAs (Certificates of Analysis) are the ONLY way to verify what's actually in your supplement—and why most brands refuse to provide them • The regulatory loopholes allowing estrogen supplements to skip third-party testing and still make bold health claims • Safer, cleaner alternatives for supporting estrogen balance through whole-food sources and lifestyle optimization This episode goes beyond hormone replacement—it's about understanding that estrogen influences everything from bone density and brain function to cardiovascular health and cancer risk. It's about demanding proof before putting synthetic or contaminated hormones into your body daily, and recognizing that the supplement industry profits from your trust, not your health outcomes. The estrogen supplement industry doesn't want you asking for COAs. But your hormonal health depends on it. Timestamps: 0:00 - Understanding Estrogen Dominance 1:15 - Supplement #1: The Estrogen Metabolism Game-Changer 4:51 - Supplement #2: Stop Estrogen Reabsorption 7:26 - Supplement #3: Your Master Detox Switch 10:32 - Supplement #4: The Gut-Hormone Connection 14:02 - Supplement #5: Balance Hormones at the Source

The Government is providing financial support for schools facing large bills for replacing carpet, curtains and other items because they've had contaminated asbestos sand on site. Lynda Stuart, Principal of May Road School and a member of NZEI Union spoke to Corin Dann.

The redrawing of political maps is perhaps one of the most intensely political acts elected officials undertake. In Central Oregon, the effort is prompting the familiar outcry of gerrymandering. On this week’s OPB Politics Now, we’re heading east of the Cascades. We’ll discuss the redrawing of the Deschutes County maps and the contaminated groundwater water in Eastern Oregon. Find the show wherever you get your podcasts.

Are you on social media? Of course you are. So follow us! Twitter: @MemberTheGameInstagram: @MemberTheGameTwitch.tv/MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠Youtube.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook.com/RememberTheGamePodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok.com/@MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠And if you want access to hundreds of bonus (ad-free) podcasts, along with multiple new shows EVERY WEEK, consider showing us some love over at Patreon. Subscriptions start at just $3/month, and 5% of our patreon income every month will be donated to our 24 hour Extra-Life charity stream at the end of the year!⁠⁠⁠Patreon.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠And you can find info on Tyler's flick Contamination here:https://www.brimstonepictures.com/Batman: Arkham Asylum blew my mind back in the day, and Arkham City took that concept to the next level by making it open-world and letting old man Wayne fight even more villains this time around. What else do you need me to say? This game is a masterpiece.And it's not just that Arkham City is a great superhero game, but it really wrote the script for so many games in the future. The free-flowing combat system has been copied over and over, and I'd range that the quality of Arkham City's story, gallery of characters, setting, and graphics have set bars that most modern games still can't touch 15 years later. Genuinely one of the greatest video games ever made.The Batman to my Robin, ye olde Tyler, is my guest this week. He thinks Arkham City is brilliant, I think it's brilliant, and you do too. Admit it.And before we take on Joker and friends, I put together another edition of the Infamous Intro!This week someone asks my love of Blink-182, I talk about who I'd love to interview if I could talk to anyone in gaming, and what aspects of retro gaming do we hope never make a comeback??Plus we play another round of 'Play One, Remake One, Erase One', too! This one features 3 retro Bat-titles: Batman Forever, Batman Returns, and Batman & Robin.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Join HRP's Tom Simmons and Mattew Wallace as we walk through submitting a public comment on regulations.gov. The public comment period accompanies any new rule or proposed change in rule. It's an opportunity for the general public to speak on these rules and have their voices entered into the record. Check our YouTube channel to see what we're talking about!  Our YouTube VideoRegulations.gov - This is the main site to submit to.Commenting on EPA Dockets | US EPA - This site lists how to properly write a comment.About EPA Dockets | US EPAWhere to Send Comments for EPA Dockets | US EPA - This lists how to send physical letters as comments Listen to learn more and subscribe to The Pulse for all the details.

The Wisconsin Department of Justice is about to settle a lawsuit in a PFAS contamination case in northeastern Wisconsin. Affected residents wonder if the settlement will lead to PFAS-free drinking water.

The Wisconsin Department of Justice is about to settle a lawsuit in a PFAS contamination case in northeastern Wisconsin. Affected residents wonder if the settlement will lead to PFAS-free drinking water.

Brian P. Sylvester, J.D. is a Partner and Head of Food Regulatory in Morrison Foerster's FDA and Healthcare Regulatory and Compliance Group, and is an influential thought leader and practitioner in food tech regulation. Brian counsels clients across the full lifecycle of regulated products, serving global brands, startups, life sciences companies, investors, and trade associations. In the area of food and beverage, Brian develops regulatory strategies to commercialize a range of food tech innovations, including transgenic crops and alternative proteins, such as cultivated meat and fermentation-derived food ingredients, among others. He has been recognized by several legal industry awards and publications such as Chambers USA, Bloomberg Law, and The National Law Journal. In this episode of Food Safety Matters, we speak with Brian [35:44] about: State-level food additive regulatory developments since the passage of the California Food Safety Act in October 2023 How the "Make America Healthy Again" (MAHA) movement is shaping federal food additive and nutrition regulations Challenges and questions that arise from the growing number of state-level food regulations, including legality and constitutionality, implications for interstate commerce, and ensuring compliance Industry responses to FDA's push to phase out synthetic food dyes from the U.S. food supply California's recently passed legislation to establish a legal definition for ultra-processed foods (UPFs), and how it might affect a federally recognized UPF definition to be established in the future Practical recommendations for companies navigating the rapidly evolving U.S. regulatory landscape around food. News and Resources News USDA Indefinitely Delays Enforcement of Salmonella as Adulterant in Raw Breaded, Stuffed Chicken [4:41] Contamination in Infant Formula as Botulism Outbreak Grows; FDA Publishes Inspection Reports [18:38] Unsolved German E. coli Outbreak Grows, Sickening Hundreds [28:52] Codex Commission Adopts New International Food Standards at 48th Session [32:37]Codex Committee Discussions Held at CAC48 Cover Key Fishery Initiatives Resources Ep. 162. Brian Sylvester: How the California Food Safety Act is Shaping U.S. Food Additives Regulation  We Want to Hear from You! Please send us your questions and suggestions to podcast@food-safety.com

The state of Maine has been a leader on the PFAS issue, but it's also one beset by unique challenges. On this episode, hosts Tom Simmons and Matthew Wallace talk about the big problem Maine is facing, biosolid sludge. Wastewater treatment facilities produce a biosolid byproduct. For decades, this sludge was repurposed as fertilizer, but since treatment facilities still cannot deal with PFAS, the sludge moved the PFAS from the fertilizer, into the soil, the groundwater, the crops and animals, and ultimately, the people of Maine. Listen to learn more and subscribe to The Pulse for all the details.

Near downtown Sarasota, a polluting plant may be on its way out, and truly affordable housing could be on the way in. The host of WSLR's The Detail interviewed the man behind the project.Then: Decades after a military contractor polluted the groundwater in a majority African American community in Manatee County, the cleanup is slow to come. WSLR News reporter Ramon Lopez brings us Part 3 of his series on Tallevast.Next: Sarasota County has come up with a new way of killing mosquitos: By applying pesticides from drones. 

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports Indonesian officials are probing activities at a Java-based factory, after radiation was detected in exports.

FOUR ways we may be getting MERCURY contamination by Melina Roberts

In episode 513 I chat with Amanda who has kindly agreed to share her OCD story with us.  We discuss OCD themes of religion, harm and contamination. Amanda talks about depression, controlling food, stopping driving, navigating the Covid pandemic and OCD, compulsions controlling other people,  therapy, grief and loss, figuring out it was ok not to do her compulsions, exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP), inference-based CBT (I-CBT), medication, managing family accommodation, words of hope and much more. Hope it helps. Show notes: https://theocdstories.com/episode/amanda-513 The podcast is made possible by NOCD. NOCD offers effective, convenient therapy available in the US and outside the US. To find out more about NOCD, their therapy plans and if they currently take your insurance head over to https://go.treatmyocd.com/theocdstories Join many other listeners getting our weekly emails. Never miss a podcast episode or update: https://theocdstories.com/newsletter 

In this episode of the HVAC Know It All Podcast, host Gary McCreadie speaks with Richard Turner, owner of Modern PURAIR and a professional duct cleaner with experience in commercial HVAC systems and restoration work. Richard explains the importance of proper duct cleaning and how poor methods can actually make indoor air quality worse. He walks through the correct process, tools, and safety steps for effective cleaning, especially when dealing with older or damaged ductwork. The conversation also covers filtration, air purifiers, and the safe use of disinfectants and deodorizers in duct systems. Richard shares insights from real jobs and explains how clean systems support healthier air in homes and buildings. In this episode, Richard Turner, owner of Modern PURAIR, shares what really goes into proper duct cleaning and why doing it wrong can cause more harm than good. He talks with Gary about the steps professionals should take to protect HVAC systems during cleaning, and how different tools are used for different types of ductwork. Richard explains how things like air purifiers and filters can help keep systems clean and reduce dust in homes. They also talk about cleaning after smoke, mold, or pet damage, and how safe products can help remove odors and bacteria. Richard shows how clean ducts support better air quality and healthier living spaces. Expect to Learn: Why duct cleaning done the wrong way can harm indoor air quality. How professionals safely clean HVAC systems using the right tools and steps. Why filters and air purifiers matter for keeping air clean in homes. How cleaning helps reduce dust, odors, and bacteria from pets, mold, or smoke. What makes professional duct cleaning different from DIY or cheap services?   Episode Highlights:   [00:00] - Intro to Richard Turner in Part 1 [02:43] - A Common Duct Cleaning Mistake [04:16] - Step-by-Step Professional Process [07:41] - Agitation Tools: Whips & Brushes [09:31] - Do Return Air Filters Help? [13:27] - The Truth About HVAC Filters [18:54] - Deodorizing & Chemical Treatments   This Episode is Kindly Sponsored by: Master: https://www.master.ca/ Cintas: https://www.cintas.com/ Cool Air Products: https://www.coolairproducts.net/ property.com: https://mccreadie.property.com SupplyHouse: https://www.supplyhouse.com/tm Use promo code HKIA5 to get 5% off your first order at Supplyhouse!   Follow the Guest Richard Turner on:  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-turner-4817b338/ Modern Purair: https://www.linkedin.com/company/modern-purair/  Website: Modern Purair: https://modernpurair.com/    Follow the Host: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-mccreadie-38217a77/ Website: https://www.hvacknowitall.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/people/HVAC-Know-It-All-2/61569643061429/  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/

Chaque jour, en moins de 10 minutes, un résumé de l'actualité du jour. Rapide, facile, accessible.

The State of the Butterflies in the United States project demonstrated that butterfly populations across the US are dramatically declining — they fell by more than 20% between the year 2000 and 2020. There are multiple causes, but one of them is the loss of caterpillar host plants. Getting more host plants into our neighborhoods and parks is essential — but what happens if those plants are contaminated by pesticides and they are toxic to the caterpillars that need them?To talk more about this conundrum is Aaron Anderson. Aaron is no stranger to Bug Banter listeners. Aaron is a member of Xerces' pesticide reduction team, where his work focuses on reducing pesticide use in residential landscapes, including promoting alternative pest-control measures and pollinator-friendly gardening practices. More pertinently, he recently was a coauthor on a study of pesticide contamination of butterfly host plants.---Photo Credit: Kevin BurlsThank you for listening! For more information go to xerces.org/bugbanter.

Asbestos is highly carcinogenic, is banned and can't be imported in Australia. But in the last week it's been found in various children's coloured sand products from China, causing a major alarm across the community. The discovery has led to the closure of dozens of schools and products have been recalled from stores including Kmart, Target and Officeworks.Today, Associate Professor Anthony Linton from the Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute on the health risks the sand poses and why every state is dealing with it differently.Featured: Anthony Linton, academic and research director at the Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute

THREE ways we may be getting LEAD contamination by Melina Roberts

Testing coloured play sand for asbestos contamination is set to continue, with the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment expecting to have results in a few days. Laura Gemmell from Eco Choice Aotearoa spoke to Corin Dann.

This week Gary and Iain review and discuss, Contamination (1980) by Director, Luigi Cozzi. Starring, Ian McCulloch, Louise Marleau and Marino Masé. For more Off The Shelf Reviews: Merch: https://off-the-shelf-reviews.creator-spring.com https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChWxkAz-n2-5Nae-IDpxBZQ/join Podcasts: https://offtheshelfreviews.podbean.com/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/@OTSReviews Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/OffTheShelfReviews Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/OffTheShelfReviews Support us: http://www.patreon.com/offtheshelfreviews Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/offtheshelfreviews Discord: https://discord.gg/Dyw8ctf

SIX ways we may be getting ALUMINUM contamination by Melina Roberts

Disease is a social issue and not just a medical one. This is the central tenet underlying The Kiss of Death: Contagion, Contamination, and Folklore (Utah State University Press 2019) by Andrea Kitta, Associate Professor in the English department at East Carolina University, examines the discourses and metaphors of contagion and contamination in vernacular beliefs and practices across a number of media and forms. Using ethnographic, media, and narrative analysis, chapters discuss the changing representations of vampires and zombies in popular culture, the online discussions of Slenderman in relation to adolescent experiences of bullying, the misogyny embedded in legends about kisses that kill, and the racialized nature of patient-zero narratives that surrounding the spread of things like ebola, and the ways in which the HPV vaccine to homophobia. Issues like tellability and the stigmatized vernacular loom large throughout. Although folklorists will already recognize the social importance of vernacular narrative and belief, The Kiss of Death also shows how medical professionals have often failed to take vernacular forms into account. Through attention to narrative and vernacular belief, folklorists can model new forms of engaging with public health professionals and local communities. Timothy Thurston is Lecturer in Chinese Studies at the University of Leeds. His research examines language at the nexus of tradition and modernity in China's Tibet. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Disease is a social issue and not just a medical one. This is the central tenet underlying The Kiss of Death: Contagion, Contamination, and Folklore (Utah State University Press 2019) by Andrea Kitta, Associate Professor in the English department at East Carolina University, examines the discourses and metaphors of contagion and contamination in vernacular beliefs and practices across a number of media and forms. Using ethnographic, media, and narrative analysis, chapters discuss the changing representations of vampires and zombies in popular culture, the online discussions of Slenderman in relation to adolescent experiences of bullying, the misogyny embedded in legends about kisses that kill, and the racialized nature of patient-zero narratives that surrounding the spread of things like ebola, and the ways in which the HPV vaccine to homophobia. Issues like tellability and the stigmatized vernacular loom large throughout. Although folklorists will already recognize the social importance of vernacular narrative and belief, The Kiss of Death also shows how medical professionals have often failed to take vernacular forms into account. Through attention to narrative and vernacular belief, folklorists can model new forms of engaging with public health professionals and local communities. Timothy Thurston is Lecturer in Chinese Studies at the University of Leeds. His research examines language at the nexus of tradition and modernity in China's Tibet. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Disease is a social issue and not just a medical one. This is the central tenet underlying The Kiss of Death: Contagion, Contamination, and Folklore (Utah State University Press 2019) by Andrea Kitta, Associate Professor in the English department at East Carolina University, examines the discourses and metaphors of contagion and contamination in vernacular beliefs and practices across a number of media and forms. Using ethnographic, media, and narrative analysis, chapters discuss the changing representations of vampires and zombies in popular culture, the online discussions of Slenderman in relation to adolescent experiences of bullying, the misogyny embedded in legends about kisses that kill, and the racialized nature of patient-zero narratives that surrounding the spread of things like ebola, and the ways in which the HPV vaccine to homophobia. Issues like tellability and the stigmatized vernacular loom large throughout. Although folklorists will already recognize the social importance of vernacular narrative and belief, The Kiss of Death also shows how medical professionals have often failed to take vernacular forms into account. Through attention to narrative and vernacular belief, folklorists can model new forms of engaging with public health professionals and local communities. Timothy Thurston is Lecturer in Chinese Studies at the University of Leeds. His research examines language at the nexus of tradition and modernity in China's Tibet. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

Disease is a social issue and not just a medical one. This is the central tenet underlying The Kiss of Death: Contagion, Contamination, and Folklore (Utah State University Press 2019) by Andrea Kitta, Associate Professor in the English department at East Carolina University, examines the discourses and metaphors of contagion and contamination in vernacular beliefs and practices across a number of media and forms. Using ethnographic, media, and narrative analysis, chapters discuss the changing representations of vampires and zombies in popular culture, the online discussions of Slenderman in relation to adolescent experiences of bullying, the misogyny embedded in legends about kisses that kill, and the racialized nature of patient-zero narratives that surrounding the spread of things like ebola, and the ways in which the HPV vaccine to homophobia. Issues like tellability and the stigmatized vernacular loom large throughout. Although folklorists will already recognize the social importance of vernacular narrative and belief, The Kiss of Death also shows how medical professionals have often failed to take vernacular forms into account. Through attention to narrative and vernacular belief, folklorists can model new forms of engaging with public health professionals and local communities. Timothy Thurston is Lecturer in Chinese Studies at the University of Leeds. His research examines language at the nexus of tradition and modernity in China's Tibet. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/communications

DITCH YOUR DOCTOR! https://www.livelongerformula.com/wam Get a natural health practitioner and work with Christian Yordanov! Mention WAM and get a FREE masterclass! You will ALSO get a FREE metabolic function assessment! GET YOUR APRICOT SEEDS at the life-saving Richardson Nutritional Center HERE: https://rncstore.com/r?id=bg8qc1 Use code JOSH to save money! Get Your SUPER-SUPPLIMENTS HERE: https://vni.life/wam Use Code WAM15 & Save 15%! Life changing formulas you can't find anywhere else! GET YOUR WAV WATCH HERE: https://buy.wavwatch.com/WAM Use Code WAM to save $100 and purchase amazing healing frequency technology! Josh Sigurdson reports on the manufactured cancer crisis as the FDA recalls over half a million bottles of blood pressure pills contaminated with cancer causing chemicals. The pills under the brand names Minipress and Prazin contained nitrosamine impurities risking 580,000 people. This "contamination" seems to happen all the time. Remember the Johnson&Johnson cover-up regarding baby powder which only came out after a massive lawsuit. It was exposed that J&J KNEW the baby powder caused cancer. Then there is SV40 found in many childhood vaccines as well as the confirmation by Moderna that the mRNA covid injections caused cancer. A cancer causing drug which has been banned in almost every country on earth continues to be allowed in pork within the United States. Carbadox is a drug given to pigs which is incredibly carcinogenic, yet here we are. Despite the United States government being fully aware of the dangers, it continues to be used in pork on a mass scale with no way to actually track which pork has it and which pork doesn't. While the FDA claims to be cracking down on unapproved fluoride supplements for children, they ignore the health crisis that is fluoride (hydrofluocilisic acid) in the tap water, poisoning people through both drinking and showering in the water. The FDA is also fast tracking self amplifying mRNA for Bird Flu and approved 10 new kids of mRNA vaccines for children ages 6 months to 10 years old. How is this a so-called "rebellious FDA?" This is a worldwide problem. NHS hospitals are purposely serving cancer causing foods right next to oncology departments. There is a concerted effort to make people sick and weak in order to be more easily controlled as well as more easily lead into a technocratic digital ID based hell. Currently, the US government is funding 500 million dollars towards an AI agenda which includes Larry Ellison's mRNA cancer vaccine push. This is not a solution and makes a bad problem worse. There are real world solutions out there for cancer but we aren't allowed to talk about them without risking prison time despite countless world renowned scientists backing the solutions, not to mention millions of testimonies. Stay tuned for more from WAM! HELP SUPPORT US AS WE DOCUMENT HISTORY HERE: https://gogetfunding.com/help-keep-wam-alive/# GET HEIRLOOM SEEDS & NON GMO SURVIVAL FOOD HERE: https://heavensharvest.com/ USE Code WAM to save 5% plus free shipping! BUY GOLD HERE: https://firstnationalbullion.com/schedule-consult/ FIND OUR CoinTree page here: https://cointr.ee/joshsigurdson PURCHASE MERECHANDISE HERE: https://world-alternative-media.creator-spring.com/ PayPal: ancientwonderstelevision@gmail.com JOIN US on SubscribeStar here: https://www.subscribestar.com/world-alternative-media For subscriber only content! Pledge here! Just a dollar a month can help us alive! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2652072&ty=h&u=2652072 BITCOIN ADDRESS: 18d1WEnYYhBRgZVbeyLr6UfiJhrQygcgNU World Alternative Media 2025

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DQsDfQ2F1my/Listeria causes a severe and sometimes fatal systemic infection in the very young, older frail individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.  Listeria can also trigger miscarriages and stillbirths. The affected lots include 01PCLC, 03PCAF, 106PCLF, 113PCLF.These peaches were sold at retail stores across the US between September 16 and October 29, 2025.Consumers should immediately stop eating the recalled peaches and discard them. Anyone who purchased the affected fruit can contact the company for more information or refund instructions.For questions, consumers can contact Moonlight Companies at 1-855-215-5017.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/moonlight-companies-voluntarily-recalls-california-grown-conventional-yellow-and-white-peaches#moonlight #peaches #listeria #infection #recall

Vidcast: https://www.instagram.com/p/DQsFdBxjUsa/Clostridium botulinum is the bacteria that causes botulism.   Botulism is a  serious illness caused by this bacteria's toxin which attacks the nervous system and can lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Affected are Original Marinara Sauce, Tomato & Basil; the Original Traditional Pasta Sauce, Meat Flavored; and the Original Puttanesca Sauce, Mildly Hot & Spicy with a “Use By” date of 09/26.The recalled products were sold in Connecticut and Massachusetts at Big Y and Stop & Shop locations beginning on September 22, 2025. Do not cook with or eat these sauces. Return the products to the place of purchase for a full refund. If you did eat the sauces and are experiencing symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, or difficulty speaking or swallowing, seek immediate medical care. For more information, contact First and Last Bakery, LLC at 1-860-956-5000.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/first-and-last-bakery-llc-recalls-first-and-last-brand-tomato-sauce-products-because-possible-health#firstandlast #pastasauce #clostridium #infection #recall

[00:02:55] – Trump's Tariff Dictatorship & Fake EmergenciesKnight calls Trump's “emergency tariffs” case the blueprint for economic dictatorship, saying Congress has handed the president Caesar-style powers to rule by declaration. [00:11:12] – The Punisher Police StateKnight exposes how law enforcement's obsession with the Punisher logo mirrors America's descent into militarized authoritarianism — a culture where violence replaces justice. [00:31:56] – Trump's Assault on the Rule of LawKnight argues Trump turned the Constitution into political theater, using “emergency powers” and a cult of personality to replace lawful governance with ego-driven tyranny. [00:53:39] – Elon Musk, H-1B, and the Technocratic TrapKnight tears into Musk's Rogan appearance, saying Musk's visa policies and AI automation push “top-down population replacement.” He brands Musk and Silicon Valley as “authoritarian overlords disguised as innovators.” [01:09:10] – The Masters of the Universe SpeechKnight plays footage from the Republican Jewish Coalition where a speaker boasts, “The masters of the universe are Jews.” [01:33:42] – Epstein Files, Mike Johnson & The Cover-UpKnight blasts Speaker Mike Johnson for blocking Epstein file releases, praising Marjorie Taylor Greene's promise to read names aloud in Congress. “The pedophile class,” he says, “owns both parties.” [01:45:09] – The Anti-Speech Laws & Real ID StateKnight condemns GOP-backed laws banning Israel criticism and mandating digital ID compliance, calling it the merger of Zionism and technocracy — censorship under the flag of patriotism. [02:19:20] – “mRNA Is Pure Poison”Dr. Brian Hooker says mRNA vaccines are a depopulation tool masked as medicine. He cites over a million U.S. deaths and calls for an outright ban on “Fauci's bioweapon empire.” [02:35:41] – Contamination & SV40 Cancer RiskHooker reveals vaccine contamination with E. coli and SV40 viral DNA — a known carcinogen. He calls it “DARPA's biotech soup,” proof that mRNA production was a reckless military experiment, not medicine. Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silverFor 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHTFind out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.com If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-david-knight-show--2653468/support.

[00:02:55] – Trump's Tariff Dictatorship & Fake EmergenciesKnight calls Trump's “emergency tariffs” case the blueprint for economic dictatorship, saying Congress has handed the president Caesar-style powers to rule by declaration. [00:11:12] – The Punisher Police StateKnight exposes how law enforcement's obsession with the Punisher logo mirrors America's descent into militarized authoritarianism — a culture where violence replaces justice. [00:31:56] – Trump's Assault on the Rule of LawKnight argues Trump turned the Constitution into political theater, using “emergency powers” and a cult of personality to replace lawful governance with ego-driven tyranny. [00:53:39] – Elon Musk, H-1B, and the Technocratic TrapKnight tears into Musk's Rogan appearance, saying Musk's visa policies and AI automation push “top-down population replacement.” He brands Musk and Silicon Valley as “authoritarian overlords disguised as innovators.” [01:09:10] – The Masters of the Universe SpeechKnight plays footage from the Republican Jewish Coalition where a speaker boasts, “The masters of the universe are Jews.” [01:33:42] – Epstein Files, Mike Johnson & The Cover-UpKnight blasts Speaker Mike Johnson for blocking Epstein file releases, praising Marjorie Taylor Greene's promise to read names aloud in Congress. “The pedophile class,” he says, “owns both parties.” [01:45:09] – The Anti-Speech Laws & Real ID StateKnight condemns GOP-backed laws banning Israel criticism and mandating digital ID compliance, calling it the merger of Zionism and technocracy — censorship under the flag of patriotism. [02:19:20] – “mRNA Is Pure Poison”Dr. Brian Hooker says mRNA vaccines are a depopulation tool masked as medicine. He cites over a million U.S. deaths and calls for an outright ban on “Fauci's bioweapon empire.” [02:35:41] – Contamination & SV40 Cancer RiskHooker reveals vaccine contamination with E. coli and SV40 viral DNA — a known carcinogen. He calls it “DARPA's biotech soup,” proof that mRNA production was a reckless military experiment, not medicine. Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silverFor 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHTFind out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.com If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-real-david-knight-show--5282736/support.

SIX ways we may be getting CADMIUM contamination by Melina Roberts

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DQfOocYDqku/Salmonella infection triggers fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, the infection may lead to more serious illnesses such as arterial infections, endocarditis, or arthritis. This recalled Italian Parsley was sold in Arizona, California, Florida, Minnesota, Michigan, Georgia, Ohio, and Nevada between September 22 and September 25, 2025. Do not eat this tainted parsley. Return it to the place of purchase for a full refund. Direct other questions to Pacific International Marketing by phone at 1-831-755-1398 or by email at customerservice@pim4u.com.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/pacific-international-marketing-recalls-fresh-italian-parsley-because-possible-health-risk#pacificinternational #italianparsley #salmonella #infection #recall                

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/DQfPgneiW7_/Lead exposure over time causes developmental delays, learning problems, and other long-term health issues in children. Adults experience abdominal pain, nausea, muscle weakness, or other symptoms associated with lead poisoning. Affected is batch number 2502315.This recalled cinnamon powder was sold at Apna Bazar stores in Washington state between May 15 and October 21, 2025. Stop using this lead-contaminated cinnamon and return it to the place of purchase for a full refund. If you or family members did consume this contaminated product, speak with your medical team about lead testing.For more information about this recall, contact Homeneeds Inc. at 1-425-301-2364 or by email at homeneedsusa@gmail.com.https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/homeneeds-inc-recalls-devi-brand-ground-cinnamon-dalchini-powder-because-possible-health-risk#devi #cinnamon #lead #poisoning #children #recall

In this follow-up to his deep dive on protein, Darin exposes the other side of the protein story: where your food comes from, what's really in it, and how the system itself affects your health, the planet, and the animals. From factory farm contamination to antibiotic resistance, industry lobbying, and why plants still win on every level — Darin breaks down the research, ethics, and environmental data so you can make conscious choices that fuel a truly SuperLife. What You'll Learn [00:00] Welcome + sponsor message: plastic waste, conscious products, and Bite Toothpaste [02:47] Introduction — the real protein conversation continues [03:00] The source of your food matters more than macros [03:10] Contamination, ethics, and the reality of factory farming [03:30] Stewardship vs. dominion — a call for responsibility [04:01] EPA data: confined animal operations and environmental chaos [05:00] Foodborne illness: salmonella, E. coli, and what contamination really means [05:57] Antibiotics, resistance, and hormones in animal agriculture [06:42] Persistent pollutants (PFOAs) showing up in food and milk [07:10] How animal feed (soy and corn) drives ecological damage [07:57] USDA marketing boards + industry lobbying against plant alternatives [08:38] Darin's 17 years vegan — data and lived experience [09:00] The numbers: amino acids, LDL, fat swaps, and longevity [09:47] Common plant-based protein myths answered [12:59] Patreon message — upgrade your operating system and join the tribe [14:03] The cancer connection: processed and red meat research [14:47] Iron, B12, and what vegans actually need to know [15:37] Soy, testosterone, and thyroid myths debunked [16:08] Protein quality: why mixing plant foods covers all bases [16:31] Feeling better on moderate meat? Understanding the trade-offs [17:18] Substitution data: even small swaps improve health outcomes [17:57] Processed vs. ultra-processed: why Beyond Meat isn't the enemy [18:09] Environmental impact: why beef's footprint dwarfs plant protein [19:05] Food miles myth — what you eat matters more than distance [19:29] Cost and accessibility: the cheapest protein sources are plants [20:08] Contamination and antibiotic resistance rising annually [21:03] Anti-nutrients and the myth of plant dangers [21:47] Real-world evidence: fiber, polyphenols, and legume-based longevity [22:00] Final recap — all essential amino acids come from plants [22:17] Strongest evidence: plant protein wins ethically, environmentally, and scientifically Thank You to Our Sponsors: SuperLife Patreon: Go towww.patreon.com/DarinOlien and sign up to start changing your life today Bite Toothpaste: Go to trybite.com/DARIN20 or use code DARIN20 for 20% off your first order. Connect with Darin Olien: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Platform & Products: superlife.com Key Takeaway "All plants contain all essential amino acids. The more you swap red meat for plants, the longer, stronger, and cleaner your life becomes."

In this episode Kevin Fraley talks about chasing brightly colored “pumpkin” Arctic char above the Arctic Circle, and the differences between Arctic char, Dolly Varden, and bull trout. We also discuss his contaminant research along the Dalton Highway and concerns about the proposed Ambler Road and related impacts on fish, caribou, and local subsistence. Link to an article about rolling back Resource Management Plans.  Check out the On Step Alaska website or subscribe on Substack for articles, features and all things Alaska. Thanks to the sponsors: Sagebrush Dry (Alaskan-owned business that sells the best dry bags you can buy.) Alpine Fit (Premium outdoor layering from another Alaskan-owned business.) Backcountry Hunters and Anglers

5 SETTER: This Week in Racket Sports, where we bring you the top five headlines across tennis, padel, pickleball, and more. In this episode, we cover the biggest stories shaking up the world of racket sports:  1. Raducanu ends season early  2. ITF launches player care program  3. Scotland's court clash: Tennis vs Padel  4. "Kissing Defense" denied  5. Orange Bowl welcomes wheelchair tennis COMMENT BELOW What was your favorite racket story from this week?

Are you on social media? Of course you are. So follow us! Twitter: @MemberTheGameInstagram: @MemberTheGameTwitch.tv/MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠Youtube.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook.com/RememberTheGamePodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok.com/@MemberTheGame⁠⁠⁠And if you want access to hundreds of bonus (ad-free) podcasts, along with multiple new shows EVERY WEEK, consider showing us some love over at Patreon. Subscriptions start at just $3/month, and 5% of our patreon income every month will be donated to our 24 hour Extra-Life charity stream at the end of the year!⁠⁠⁠Patreon.com/RememberTheGame⁠⁠⁠You can get tickets to Tyler's movie premiere here:https://www.landmarkcinemas.com/film-info/contaminationAnd you check out the website for Tyler's flick, Contamination, here:https://www.brimstonepictures.com/contamination/I've turned into a pretty big Resident Evil fan since starting RTG, but the third game has never tickled my pickle. Nemesis is awesome, but the gameplay gets under my skin and just sets 3 up to be the weakest of the trilogy, IMO.That doesn't mean Resident Evil 3 is a bad game. It's certainly no Resident Evil 6. I replayed it for the first time in years to get ready for this episode and actually like it a little more than I did on my first run. There's a lot to like here, it's just surrounded by frustrating and tedious combat.RTG's Nemesis, my pal Tyler, is my guest this week. I'm writing this before we talked so I don't actually know how he feels about this game. But I bet he likes it.And before we run from Nemesis, I put together another edition of the Infamous Intro!This week someone asks if I've changed my opinion on horror themed media? Where should a JRPG noob start? And which retro games needed trophies/achievements??Plus we play another round of 'Play One, Remake One, Erase One', too! This one features 3 Resident Evil entries: Resident Evil 5, Resident Evil 6, and Resident Evil: Code Veronica..I've turned into a pretty big Resident Evil fan since starting RTG, but the third game has never tickled my pickle. Nemesis is awesome, but the gameplay gets under my skin and just sets 3 up to be the weakest of the trilogy, IMO.That doesn't mean Resident Evil 3 is a bad game. It's certainly no Resident Evil 6. I replayed it for the first time in years to get ready for this episode and actually like it a little more than I did on my first run. There's a lot to like here, it's just surrounded by frustrating and tedious combat.RTG's Nemesis, my pal Tyler, is my guest this week. I'm writing this before we talked so I don't actually know how he feels about this game. But I bet he likes it.And before we run from Nemesis, I put together another edition of the Infamous Intro!This week someone asks if I've changed my opinion on horror themed media? Where should a JRPG noob start? And which retro games needed trophies/achievements??Plus we play another round of 'Play One, Remake One, Erase One', too! This one features 3 Resident Evil entries: Resident Evil 5, Resident Evil 6, and Resident Evil: Code Veronica..See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

State regulators say a Rhinelander paper mill was responsible for PFAS contamination. Then, how a government shutdown could affect Wisconsin. And, a look at the state's closure of two homes to help veterans.

Contamination OCD can be easy to spot, but often, it runs much deeper than what you are observing.In this episode, I break down the common mistakes parents make when trying to support a child with contamination OCD, such as:Assuming it's always about germs or illnessFocusing only on visible rituals instead of the underlying fearOverlooking how contamination spreads from “ground zero” to more and more thingsMissing the importance of tailoring exposures to the specific fear or feelingMost importantly, I'll share how to uncover the true root fear and ground zero behind OCD contamination, and why that shift changes how exposures are designed and carried out.Resources mentioned during episode:New Book: Chloe & The Bossy CloudCore Fear Series on YoutubeCore Fear WorkshopContamination OCD videos for kids and teens***This podcast episode is sponsored by NOCD. NOCD provides online OCD therapy in the US, UK, Australia and Canada. To schedule your free 15 minute consultation to see if NOCD is a right fit for you and your child, go tohttps://go.treatmyocd.com/at_parentingThis podcast is for informational purposes only and should not be used to replace the guidance of a qualified professional.Parents, do you need more support?

In this solo episode, Lindsey dives into the world of peptide injections, with a focus on the controversial “Wolverine shot” (BPC-157). She explores what peptides are, why they're trending in gyms, wellness clinics, and med spas, and how they're marketed for muscle gain, fat loss, recovery, and anti-aging.Lindsey discusses the science (and lack thereof), FDA concerns, and potential risks like overdosing, contamination, and unregulated use. She closes by reminding listeners that while peptides are intriguing, true health and longevity still come from foundational practices—quality sleep, nutrition, strength training, and meaningful human connection. Listen in to learn more : 01:03 – Why People Use PeptidesClaimed benefits include lean muscle gain, faster recovery, testosterone support, fat loss, and anti-aging. However, the evidence base is thin.01:18 – BPC-157 and Other PeptidesBPC-157: derived from stomach peptides, believed to speed up tissue healing and reduce inflammation.Tesamorelin: studied for HIV-related fat reduction.Sermorelin: targeted for sleep and recovery.CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin: growth hormone–related stacks are popular among bodybuilders.02:28 – Lack of Scientific EvidenceMost data comes from animal studies or small trials, not significant human clinical research.03:55 – FDA ConcernsThe FDA flagged four peptides in 2022; that number jumped to 26 by the end of 2023, showing rapid regulatory scrutiny.04:42 – Anecdotal Use by Doctors and CEOsSome report success with peptides like BPC-157 for injuries, but even they acknowledge the lack of robust science.05:35 – Risks of Overuse and ContaminationOverdosing risks: especially when combining peptides with testosterone, leading to organ enlargement.Contamination/mislabeling: Many peptides sold are unregulated, increasing health risks.06:15 – Back to Basics for LongevityDespite the hype, proven health strategies remain the same: sleep, exercise, protein, reducing sugar, strength training, and social connection.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-lindsey-elmore-show--5952903/support.