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This episode we continue with the Jinshin War.  This episode we follow Prince Oama on his dramatic escape to the east:  From Yoshino he dashed through the mountains, through Iga and over to Ise.  In so doing he secured both Suzuka and Fuwa--areas that would be important chokepoints throughout Japan's history.   For more information, check out our blogpost at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-130 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 130: Jinshin no Ran, Part II:  Gathering Stormclouds.   The soldier on watch was doing his best to keep alert.  The night shift was never pleasant duty, and it was even less pleasant out here in the mountains.  There were plenty of sounds in the night—birds and animals out in the darkness—but rarely was there much actual action.  At least the sky was clear, with only the occasional cloud. Guarding a post station was hardly the worst duty in the world. There was a decent amount of traffic: after all, they were along one of the major routes between Ise and Yamato.  But at night, well, who wanted to try and navigate the mountain roads?  That was a great way to fall into a river and drown, or get lost in the woods, unable to find your way back to civilization. It must have been a shock when he saw a light in the distance.  There were almost always a few fires somewhere in the village, but most of them were out or covered at this time of night, with the exception of the odd torch.  But this was something more.  At first the guard thought it was just his eyes playing tricks on him.  And then he wondered if it was some kind of mountain spirit—he'd heard of ghost parades that could come and take people in the night.  He shivered, and instinctively checked his own torch to ensure that it was burning well and bright.  Indeed it was. It took him a little time for his eyes to adjust again to the darkness, but now, sure enough, he saw the torches coming—and not just one, many of them, and he could now hear the faint metallic clank of metal on metal.  He then heard a faint sound like a tight rope being suddenly plucked.  It only just started to dawn on him what was happening when the first arrows started to rain down on his position. They were under attack!   Welcome back.  This episode we are continuing with our coverage of the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War of 672—and if you haven't already, I highly recommend you start with episode 129, where we talk about some of the background for what was happening.  That said, let's do a quick recap to bring us up to speed on where we are.  And then we'll dive into an account of an absolutely unbelievable journey, which is impressive for multiple reasons, but mostly for the speed at which it was able to take place. So as you may recall, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, passed away at the end of 671 after months of illness.  After falling ill, the Chronicles tell us that he offered the state to his younger brother, the Crown Prince, Prince Ohoama, but Ohoama was warned that it was a trap, and as such, he turned down the offer.  Instead, he retired from his position to become a monk, and left for Yoshino, taking half of his household with him.  With Ohoama retired, Naka no Oe's son, the 23 year old Prince Ohotomo, took the throne. After Naka no Oe's death, Ohotomo effectively ruled Yamato from the Ohotsu palace in Afumi, running things along with the ministers of the left and right, Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane, and other high ministers.  Though the Nihon Shoki does not acknowledge it, Ohotomo is thought to have been a formal sovereign, in deed if not in name, at this point.  Much later, he would be given the posthumous name of “Koubun Tennou”. It would seem that Ohotomo and the Afumi court had misgivings about Prince Ohoama's promise to retire from the world and not challenge the throne.  The Nihon Shoki recounts that they began to make subtle preparations for a conflict, including levying men to build Naka no Oe's tomb, but issuing them weapons instead of tools.  They also set up checkpoints along the road from the court in Ohotsu down to Asuka—the main route to where Ohoama was residing in Yoshino.  And then, finally, someone told Ohoama that they were no longer allowing Prince Ohoama's people to cross the Uji bridge to bring him and his household supplies. Prince Ohoama was not going to sit idly by while the Afumi court gathered up enough forces to claim he was doing something treasonous and then march on him in Yoshino.  And so he sent one of his trusted vassals to the east to seek support.  Meanwhile, he himself was making ready to move.  There was just one more thing before setting out:  seeing if he could get posting bells.  This was sparked by the words of one of his advisors, who suggested that they should be careful.  They did not have many soldiers in Yoshino, and they had already sent out a general like Woyori to start raising troops in the East.  At the same time, if the Afumi Court was also maneuvering, it was likely that they would have sent words to the various post stations to bar the roads and prevent any movement. As such, Prince Ohoama decided to send several messengers to ask for Posting Bells, so that Ohoama and his men could make use of the official horses at the various post stations, allowing them to travel much more quickly and freely.  However, it was not clear if such orders had come and, if they had, where the local government officiallys might place their loyalty. Of particular importance was the case of Prince Takasaka, who was in charge of the Okamoto Palace, and thus the governance of the ancient capital. He would be the one to grant posting bells if they were to receive them.  If he provided the bells, then Ohoama and his party could assume they would have little to no trouble making their way East. And so Prince Ohoama sent his evnoys to the Okamoto palace.The messengers requested posting bells, but Prince Takasaka refused to issue them.  This sent a clear message to Prince Ohoama:  the Afumi court had no intention of letting him and his household have free access to the roads, and the local officials in Asuka were not going to provide any support.  In fact, Prince Takasaka now knew that Ohoama planned to travel, and if he wanted to, Takasaka could likely raise troops to try and stop Ohoama from leaving.  At the very least he would no doubt be sending a swift horse to Ohotsu to inform the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his followers would have to hurry if they wanted to do anything. And so, on the 24th of the 6th month, the same day that he got word back about the posting bells,  Prince Ohoama made the decision to move.  He and his entourage left quickly—he didn't even let anyone saddle a horse for him or prepare his carriage.  He just started to head out on foot on a journey to the East – and keep in mind that everything I'm going to describe in the next few minutes happened over the course of one night, truly an epic journey for Ohoama and all of those with him..  The Chronicles lists about 20 men and over ten women who originally set out with Ohoama from Yoshino, including his wife, the Royal Princess Uno no Sarara, daughter of Naka no Oe.  She wasn't walking, however—she followed a little behind in a palanquin, or litter, carried on poles.  I do wonder if those carrying the palanquin are among those mentioned, or were they servants or even enslaved persons who weren't considered worthy of note. The path they traveled wound its way through the mountains.  Streams and rivers had carved channels and valleys into these mountains.  People had settled these areas, and created paths through the wilderness.  Now, the valleys were fairly well populated, with roads connecting the communities that had grown up in the nooks and hollers. These facilitated trade through the mountain communities and between the eastern and western sides of the Kii peninsula, but even still, it was difficult terrain.  Unlike roads in the flat plains, the width of the roads in the mountains would have been constrained by steep mountainsides and the natural twists and turns of the valleys.  There may have been rope or wooden bridges that they had to cross, as streams constantly flow down the hill sides to the river below.  This route would make it much easier to avoid any official Afumi forces that might have been sent out, as those would likely be sticking to the main roads, but there were still government outposts along the way.  If these outposts proved loyal to the Afumi court, they could raise the alarm and send a messenger on horseback, who could likely flee much more quickly than Ohoama's men could follow.  And if Afumi learned that Ohoama was on the move, they could quickly mobilize their forces, secure key strategic points, and Ohoama's mad rush would be for naught.   The path Ohoama chose would lead from Yoshino, through the valleys, up through Iga, and then over to Suzuka, in Ise—modern Mie prefecture.  The journey was long and it wasn't going to be easy, but they needed to move quickly. Speaking of which, since Ohoama was traveling on foot, one of his men, Agata no Inukahi no Ohotomo, gave Prince Ohoama his own horse to ride.  Oh, and in case you are wondering: There are a lot of people named “Ohotomo” in the narrative, not just the Prince, Ohoama's nephew and rival for the throne.  Sorry, it was apparently a somewhat popular name AND it was also a clan, or uji, name as well.  I'll try to distinguish some of them in the podcast blog page. The party hadn't traveled far when Ohoama's own carriage—or possibly a palanquin, like his wife's—showed up for him, so I assume Ohotomo got his horse back, but they were still constrained to the speed of their slowest member, and I doubt that the mountain roads were all that wide and flat—most likely just the opposite. The group journeyed upstream along the Tsuburo river and eventually made it to Aki, in the area of Uda, due east of Sakurai and Mt. Miwa.  Here they were overtaken by two men, known as Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Kibumi no Muraji no Ohotomo, both hurrying on from the Yoshino Palace. Makuda had been at the Afumi court, but word was starting to spread there that there was going to be some kind of move against Prince Ohoama, so he and his brother, Ohotomo no Fukei, had feigned illness and returned to their home in the Asuka region.  Once there, Makuda had made straightaway for Yoshino, only to find that Ohoama was already on the move.  Ohotomo no Fukei, on the other hand, chose to stay in the area of Asuka and see what he could do there.  He was looking to see what kind of forces he could raise in the ancient capital region.  We'll learn more about him, later. It was also in Aki, apparently, where they met Hashi no Muraji no Mate, who was from the Department of the official rice fields.  Even though he was a government official, he was a supporter of Ohoama and his cause, and so he supplied Ohoama and his people with food for their journey. Just north of the Aki fields they came upon Kammura—thought to be near modern Kaguraoka—where the Yoshino forces conscripted 20 hunters into service, almost doubling their numbers, and now they at least had some weapons with them.  Prince Mino, and presumably his men, also joined forces with Ohoama and his party—their ranks were starting to grow. In Uda, they were no doubt glad of any assistance, and at the government offices in the village of Uda itself, they were also warmly welcomed.  There they found 50 pack-horses that were laden down with rice meant for the hot baths at Ise.  The rice was discarded and Ohoama commandeered the pack animals so that his forces could ride, rather than walk.  Nonetheless, it was still a long way to go.  Indeed, night was approaching by the time they reached Ohono—likely the modern area of Muro-ohono and Ohonoji, along the Uda river.  They didn't want to stop, but it could be treacherous trying to navigate in the mountains in the dark.  What they needed was a light source.  And so we are told that they pulled down some of the fences of nearby houses and created makeshift torches to light their way.  Thus they were able to continue on until they reached the town of Nabari at approximately midnight. Nabari was not quite so friendly.  It was the home of a post-station, which had a duty to report things to the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his men arrived with their torches and in the middle of the night they attacked and set fire to the post station.  One can only imagine how surprised those manning the station must have been.  Presumably Ohoama's party took any horses and provisions, both for their own use and so that they couldn't be used against them.  To those members of the village that were woken up and who came out to see what was going on, Ohoama's entourage proclaimed that Prince Ohoama was heading east and that people should join them.  More specifically we are told that he said that the “Sumera no Mikoto” was on his way to the East Country. I want to pause here a moment, because there are some that say that this was the first use of the term “Sumera no Mikoto”, or, as we more commonly read the characters today, “Tennou”.  At the very least we believe that the term “Tennou” may have first used in this time period—though I do wonder about it being used in this particular instance.  I'll come back to this at the end, but for now, let's get back to the story.  So Ohoama announced to the people that he, the sovereign—for he had declared himself as such—was heading to the Eastern lands, and he invited anyone who wished to join him.  Nobody took him up on his offer, however.  It must have sounded crazy.  Ohoama had swept in at midnight, his forces carrying torches, and had attacked the post station, the symbol of the government in their midst.  I imagine that the people wanted little to nothing to do with any further conflict if they could help it. Continuing on in the darkness, Ohoama and his party came to a river—probably the Nabari River.  The Chronicle refers to it as “Yokokawa”, a term that shows up multiple times, and means something like “side river” and I suspect it was just the name for a river that ran alongside the fields or something similar.  As they were crossing, a dark cloud spread across the night sky for over 10 rods—about 100 feet.  Ohoama kindled a light and took a look at a geomantic rule to determine what it could mean.  This “rule” was possibly a type of stick or even a kind of compass-like device with a square bottom and round top, indicating the heavens and the earth.  He announced to everyone that the cloud was an omen that the country would be divided into two parts but, ultimately, their side would win out. One can only imagine how tired and worn out everyone was at this point, but apparently this urged them onward.  They reached Iga, where once again, they attacked and set fire to the posting station. Now getting through Iga must have had Ohoama's head on a swivel.  After all, Prince Ohotomo's mother was apparently from that region – he was the Iga Royal Prince, after all - so it would be understandable if people were loyal to him.  Fortunately, for Ohoama, he had his local supporters as well.  In fact, Joan Piggot points out in “The Emergence of Japanese Kingship” that Ohoama may have had a surprising amount of support from the various local elites.  Remember that the policies that Naka no Oe and the court had put into place had given power to court appointed officials at the expense of the traditional local elites.  So it may have been that those traditional local elites were more inclined to assist Ohoama against the Afumi Court, while those appointed officials, such as those who were managing the post stations, were more likely to swing the other way, since their positions and their stipends were directly reliant on the court's good graces.  This seems to have been the case in this instance, around Nakayama, in Iga, where we are told that they met with local district governors who had heard that Ohoama was on the move and who had raised several hundred men in support of his cause.  Now their ranks really had grown—compared with the relatively small group that had first set out from Yoshino the previous day, there were now hundreds of men on the march. Ohoama's forces finally arrived at the plain of Tara, or Tarano, by dawn, and with the sun coming over the mountains they briefly stopped for a moment to catch their breath and eat something.  They had just marched through the night—a distance of approximately 70 kilometers, or 43 and a half miles.  That included stops to attack and set fire to two post stations along the way, and much of the journey early on was done on foot.  During that march, their ranks had grown tremendously.  This is an incredible feat, especially with much of it being accomplished at night. Let's also quickly discuss those extra troops that had come to his banner.  Remember that prior to this, Prince Ohoama had sent messengers ahead to Mino and Owari to try and raise forces in those areas.  They had likely traveled these same roadways, and told  any allies they had to prepare.  So while the forces were raised quickly, there were no doubt some logistics that went into it. After a brief rest, the army was back on their feet, heading to Yamaguchi—modern Tsuge city.  Here Ohoama was greeted by his son, Prince Takechi, who had come from Afumi down through Kafuka—modern Kouka, aka Kouga.  He had brought several other men of his own, and presumably soldiers as well. The entire party crossed Mt. Miyama and into Suzuka, in Ise, where they were joined by the provincial governor, Miyake no Muraji no Iwatoko; Deputy Governor, Miwa no Kimi no Kobuto, and the magistrate of the famous hot baths, Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro, among others.  That same morning, they set a troop of 500 soldiers to guard the pass.  After all, it would do them no good to have a government force suddenly appear behind them.  Also, you may recall that Ohoama's request to his allies in Mino was to take the Fuwa pass, in the north—the area more popularly known today as Sekigahara.  So now, with both the Suzuka and Fuwa passes under Ohoama's control, his forces controlled access to the Eastern countries.  The only other viable route, at least if you didn't want to get lost in the mountains, was to take the road to the north, through Koshi, and that was going to be a slog around or over the Japan Alps. So a garrison was left as a rear guard, but the troops who were not staying to guard the pass continued, turning northwards.  By sunset on the 25th day of the 6th month of 672, they had reached the foot of Kahawa Hill.  Here, Ohoama's consort, Princess Uno no Sarara, asked if they could take a break.  She was not exactly used to this kind of travel, and even riding on a palanquin, she was exhausted and fatigued.  As they looked to the sky, though, it was clear that dark clouds were gathering.  So they cut their rest short and pushed on, hoping to make it to the government offices at Mie—likely meaning modern day Yokkaichi city. Sure enough, as they continued to march, the heavens opened with a thunderstorm pouring down on them.  The entire army was soaked to the bone.  Cold and wet, when they did get to the government center or Mie district, they deliberately set fire to an entire building just so that the troops could try to warm themselves a bit.  Those who had set out from Yoshino had marched over 122km, or 75 miles, including over 700 meters of elevation up and 800 meters down.  Checking a map of the route, it suggests that a person walking it, today, without any breaks, would take around 28 hours to complete the trip, and indeed, Ohoama's took roughly one and a half days.  That includes time for their assaults on the various post stations, and a brief rest at the Tara fields.  Now, granted, they had procured horses for parts of that, and many of the soldiers had not necessarily been there since the beginning, but it is still an incredible feat, when you think about it.  I'm honestly surprised that it doesn't get more of a mention in various historical contexts.  Then again, we are still well before the age of the Samurai, which is the period most martial historians typically examine. So that night, as they were settling in at the Mie government center following their amazing dash across the mountains, word came from forces at Suzuka:  Prince Yamabe and Prince Ishikawa had apparently come to offer their allegiance to Ohoama.  However, as they weren't known to the men, they were held at the Suzuka barrier until someone could verify.  Ohoama sent Michi no Atahe no Masubito to go fetch them and bring them to him. The following morning, Ohoama worshipped towards Amaterasu on the banks of a river in the district of Asake.  Thinking about it, I'm not sure if they meant that he worshipped south, in the direction of Ise Shrine, or if he worshipped east, the direction of the rising sun.  The exact direction doesn't entirely matter, but I think we will come back to this, as it would have consequences later on. Later, Masubito returned from his errand, catching back up to the army, which was continuing on its way.  It turns out that it was not Princes Yamabe and Ishikawa that Masubito had found at Suzuka, but instead  Ohoama's own son, Ohotsu, who had come along to join his father.  I presume he had been traveling under a false name in case he ran into men loyal to the Afumi court.  He was followed by a number of others, including a list of names which I am not going to go over here because it wouldn't mean all that much.  Suffice it to say that the Chroniclers were doing their best to make sure that various families were remembered for what they did. Now just as Prince Ohotsu was joining the main force, Murakami no Woyori arrived with word that 3,000 Mino troops were mobilized and currently blocking the Fuwa Road.  You may recall that Woyori was the one that Ohoama had sent to Mino for just that purpose, scouting out the lay of the land. Ohoama sent Prince Takechi ahead to Fuwa to organize the forces there.  Then he sent two others to mobilize troops along the Tokaido region, and two others were sent into the mountains to levy soldiers from the Tousando region.  As a quick reminder: the Tokaido was the eastern sea highway, while the Tousando, the Eastern Mountain Road, went through the middle of eastern Honshu, through the more mountainous regions.  Together, these two routes would have pulled from the most populous regions of the east. As for Ohoama, he took up residence at the government center in Kuwana, where he spent some time resting for a bit. Now just as Ohoama was building up his forces, so, too, was the Afumi court.  As soon as word made it to the capital that Ohoama was on the move, chaos ensued.  Many people fled the capital, some heading to the East, perhaps to join Ohoama, while others went to hide in the mountains and marshes until all the chaos was over and the dust settled.  The young Prince Ohotomo asked the ministers what he should do, and they recommended that he immediately set out with cavalry to pursue Ohoama and catch him before he could assemble too many troops.  However, he decided not to heed their advice, instead opting to assemble an army of his own, to add to the soldiers that had already been levied.  He sent Ina no Iwasuki, Fumi no Kusuri, and Wosaka no Ohomaro to the East country, while Hodzumi no Momotari, his younger brother, Ihoye, and Mononobe no Hiuga headed to the Yamato capital—which is to say Asuka.  Ohotomo also sent Saheki no Wotoko to Tsukushi and Kusu no Iwate to Kibi, all with orders to levy troops.  He gave Wotoko and Iwate special instructions, since there was some concern that neither Tsukushi nor Kibi would be compliant, as they both had been supported by Ohoama and may feel ties to him.  So if the leaders of either of those areas were to resist, Wotoko and Iwate were authorized to execute them for treason. As Iwasuki, Kusuri, and Ohomaro headed east, they traveled around Lake Biwa and were headed to the Fuwa pass, not knowing that it was already controlled by Ohoama's forces.  Iwasuki, however, was cautious.  He realized that they might be ambushed, and so he held back from the main group.  Sure enough, he was right:  Kusuri and Ohomaro were ambushed and captured, at which point Iwasuki fled, barely escaping. The following day, Prince Takechi sent a note to his father asking him to move closer to Fuwa, so that they could better communicate with the front line.  Ohoama headed out, but left Princess Uno in Kuwana, which was well situated between Fuwa and Suzuka, and was likely far enough from the front lines to ensure that it wouldn't be disrupted by skirmishes at the passes.  As Ohoama then traveled through Wohari, the governor, Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, also joined him with a force of 20,000 men.  Ohoama had them divided up and set them on roads to various places as needed. Ohoama finally reached Nogami, just on the eastern edge of modern Sekigahara.  This is near where Tokugawa Ieyasu would eventually make his first camp as well, at his fateful battle here just under a thousand years later.  At Nogami, Ohoama would set up his headquarters, Nogami no Miya, or the Nogami Palace.  Meanwhile, Prince Takechi would handle the troops in the main part of the area near the pass, known as Wazami.  As Ohoama reached Nogami, Takechi came to conference with him.  He noted that there had already been an altercation—they had taken prisoners, who claimed that they were actually headed east to raise troops for Ohoama, but given that they didn't know who they were AND that Iwasuki had fled back towards Ohotsu-kyo suggested that this was not exactly the case. Following that incident, and a fair amount of speechifying, Ohoama eventually placed Prince Takechi formally in charge of the army, presenting him the gift of a saddle-horse.  Takechi went back to his camp at Wazami.  That night, a severe thunderstorm broke out.  Ohoama prayed that if the kami favored his case, they would make the storm abate, and immediately the thunder and lightning stopped. The next day, on the 28th, Ohoama traveled over to Wazami to review the troops and check on the military arrangements, before returning back to Nogami.  He likewise went out the following day, issuing commands through Prince Takechi, and then returned again to Nogami. At this point, soldiers were likely on their way from the Eastern provinces and elsewhere.  On the one hand, they wanted to wait and make sure that they had all the troops they needed.  But on the other hand, they didn't want to wait too long.  The Afumi court was likewise building up its forces, and the longer they waited, the greater the chance that they could dig in and entrench themselves.  Something would have to happen, soon. But that something will have to wait for the next episode.    Before we finish, though, I do want to come back to something:  the title “Tenno”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”.  Up to this point, evidence suggests that the term used for the sovereign of Yamato was not “Tennou” as we know it today, but instead was the term “Oho-kimi”.  “Oho-kimi”, or basically the “Big Kimi”—something like the primary lord—was the one lord of lords of Yamato.  But that was probably something based on local concepts of governance.  With the introduction of new ideas of governance, many based on the Han and Tang dynasty models, we see a shift in the terminology. There are poems that come from the era of Naka no Oe—Tenji Tennou—that use terms like “Huang” (皇) and “Di” (帝)—“Kou” and “Tei” in Japanese.  These are imperial terms from the continent.  At some point, however, we see that they use “Tian” (天) and “Huang” (皇).  “Tianhuang” becomes “Tennou” (天皇) when read in Japanese, and it critically utilizes the character “Tian” for Heaven.  Interestingly, this does not appear to be a term that was ever commonly used for rulers in the area of modern China.  I seem to recall that it was used here and there, but not with any frequency.  There is some thought that it may have been pulled from a term for the north star, or pole star, which sometimes used the term, I suspect referring to that star as the Heavenly Ruler—the star that the heavens themselves were focused on. For a variety of reasons, we see a particular emphasis on Heaven, and on Amaterasu, in the decades following 672, and it is thought that this is all connected.  And so it is generally from some time here, in the late 7th century, that we can probably start to refer to the sovereigns as “Tennou”. Although, it is unclear to me if the authors of the Nihon Shoki pronounced it like this or not, later glosses given for the characters in Japanese is “Sumera no Mikoto”, the kun'yomi, or Japanese reading.  The problem is that the Nihon Shoki projects this term back to the very beginning of the narrative, with “Jimmu Tennou” being the first.  However, we have some evidence that the earlier term was, as as I said before, “Ohokimi”.  For many years, there was an idea that the term “Sumera no Mikoto” first appeared in the era of Toyomike Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, probably because that is when Buddhism and continental studies really seem to kick off.  However, there really is no evidence of its use then, and it seems that more scholars today place its use in the late 7th or early 8th century. So there is the possibility that this title was first used by Ohoama, as some claim, when he declared that the “Sumera no Mikoto” or “Tennou” was heading to the Eastern countries.  Of course, that could also just be dramatic license by the Chroniclers, who were less concerned with what, exactly, he said and more concerned with the meaning of it all.  We've also known them to swap out older terms for those in use in the 8th century, updating the narrative. Regardless, I think that about this time we can start to refer to the sovereigns of Yamato—and eventually Japan, or Nihon, another somewhat controversial term—as “Tennou”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”, from about this period.  I'll probably still use the term “sovereign” in general, and I'll try to avoid the term “imperial” for anything prior to the 19th century, when it became a standard English translation.  After all, Empires were the rage—Chinese, Ottoman, British, Austrian, French, Spanish, you name it.  Everyone had an empire, and so Japan, following that model, must also have been an “empire”.  Even today, it is officially the “Imperial Household” and that is the official translation. However, I want to be cautious about using that translation too early, however.  The institution of “Tennou”, while modeled on the Tang dynasty, took on its own character.  As such, I think that it is best to avoid the term for now, because it really was its own thing, and I don't want to conflate too many foreign concepts of “emperor” with the idea of the Japanese ruler. As for the term “Sumera no Mikoto”—it does not appear to me that the etymology of this term is clearly known.  One explanation is that “Sumera” is related to the word “Suberu”, to rule.  “Sumera” is also defined as meaning something precious, though I'm not sure if that meaning existed before its use to refer to the sovereign.  “Mikoto” is simply an honorific referring to the sovereign, meaning “royal” or “imperial”.  I suspect that the term “Tennou” came over first, and later it became glossed as “Sumera no Mikoto”, which may have been an earlier term, but we don't have any clear evidence.  Variations do appear in the Man'yoshu, the collection of ancient poems, so the concept was clearly around by the 8th century. Anyway, I think that's enough.  We'll probably talk about it more when we get to the rise of the worship of Amaterasu.  Until then, let's continue with our series on the Jinshin War. Next episode we will kick off with some of the actual fighting and campaigns in Afumi, Iga, and in Yamato.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Once a street orphan, Kazuo Taoka rose to become Japan's most feared yakuza boss—transforming the Yamaguchi-gumi into a criminal empire that blended blood, business, and showbiz. Here's how. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

James Taylor and Jon Steele return with another action-packed JTET. In part 1, James rounds up 9 games from J2 matchday 21. In part 2, James and Jon discuss the recent managerial changes at Yamaguchi and Yamagata, analyse Sapporo v Kumamoto, offer a tribute to Hitoshi Morishita, select their Most Bravo Player, and preview the coming weekend's fixtures.   Thank you for your support of the J-Talk Podcast and J-Talk: Extra Time. *Join the J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://patreon.com/jtalkpod *Find our JLeague Chat Discord server here: https://discord.gg/UwN2ambAwg *Follow JTET on Bluesky here: @jtalket.bsky.social

Ep 326 – Judgment Day: In Your House Will Austin do the right thing? 0:27 - Welcome 19:07 - IYH Opening 20:19 - Al Snow (w/Head) vs Marvelous Marc Mero (w/ Jacqueline) 23:21 – The Disciples of Apocalypse (Skull, 8-Ball and Paul Ellering) vs Legion of Doom 2000 (Hawk, Animal and Droz) 26:21 - Christian (w/ Gangrel) vs Taka Michinoku (w/ Yamaguchi-san) for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship 30:31 - Val Venis (w/ Terri Runnels) vs Goldust 36:44 - X-Pac (w/ Chyna) vs D'Lo Brown for the WWF European Championship 41:34 - The New Age Outlaws (Road Dogg Jesse James/Bad Ass Billy Gunn) vs the Headbangers (Mosh/Thrasher) for the WWF Tag Team Championships 48:33 - Ken Shamrock vs Mankind for the WWF Intercontinental Championship 54:04 - Mark Henry vs the Rock 59:12 - Kane vs Undertaker for the vacant WWF Championship with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee 1:06:36 - Overall Thoughts 1:11:17 - Smarking It Up 1:20:59 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:23:12 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “Double Threat” by Bruce Chianese and “Hell Frozen Over v3” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

Hoy se sientan en el plató de ‘La Pija y la Quinqui' los tres protas (cuatro si contamos a Mariang) de ‘Olympo': Clara Galle, Nuno Gallego y Agustín Della Corte. Como no podía ser de otra forma, hablamos de Mario y Sonic en los Juegos Olímpicos, de pesca, de compartir sofá y del parque Yamaguchi. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Pixelated Audio is back from another VGMCon in Minnesota, this time about space! Joining Gene once again from last year are Pernell from Rhythm and Pixels and Carlos from Heroes Three! We did a similar panel last year; we take a broad theme and make it educational, and then use it as an excuse to cram in all sorts of VGM examples. We had some tech issues and lost some of the recording but we were able to rescue it with a more laid back "part 2" we recorded in the hotel room as a way to fill in gaps and riff for a while. Prepare for launch on this massive double episode clocking in at almost 2 hours! We discuss space, its influence on games and computing, and a wide range of games that have a direct or sometimes tenuous link to space. We've got a ton of music this episode so we hope you enjoy it. Pardon the noise in the background, it was the best we could do with a portable recorder. If you'd like to follow along with our slides that we used during the talk, feel free to click through. If the presentation doesn't show up below, click here. Track list 0:00:00 (Bedding) Map Screen - Mass Effect (Various, 2007) - Sam Hulick 0:06:15 (Excerpt) introduction to "From Here to Infinity" narrated by Patrick Stewart 0:09:42 Intro Cutscene - Frontier: Elite II (Amiga, 1993) - David Lowe 0:27:18 Hyperspace - Star Control II (PC, 1992) - Riku Nuottajärvi 0:31:57 Alpine Start - Star Trek: New Worlds (PC, 2000) - Jeremy Soule, Inon Zur 0:35:19 Main Theme - Space Engineers (PC, 2019) - Karel Antonín 0:41:11 Happy Daymare - Xexex (Arcade, 1991) - Konami Kukeiha Club Motoaki Furukawa (Carol Queen) Hidenori Maezawa (Michael Oldriver) Satoko Miyawaki (Rosetta Stone) Akiko Hashimoto (Shanghai Manmos) 0:45:13 Space Port -Juggernaut- - X-Men: Children of the Atom (Arcade, 1994) Takayuki Iwai (ANACHEY··TAKAPON··) [main composer on track] Shun Nishigaki (SYUN Nishigaki) Hideki Okugawa (HIDEKI OK) Isao Abe (Isao ··oyaji··Ave) 0:47:44 Hydra (Stage 1) - Gradius IV (Arcade, 1999) - Konami Kukeiha Club Atsuki Watanabe (Atsuki) Harumi Ueko 0:52:09 Pretty G - GuitarFreaks / DrumMania (Arcade, 2000) - Zonlu (Sunday Records) 0:57:17 Space - Chō Jikū Yōsai Macross: Scrambled Valkyrie (SFC, 1993) - Noboru Yamane 1:04:48 I Want to See the Starlight (Jolyne Kujo's Theme) - JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle (PS3, 2013) - Chikayo Fukuda 1:11:50 UFO Ending - Silent Hill (PS1, 1999) - Akira Yamaoka 1:18:06 (Bedding) World 2 (Moon) - Treasure Master (NES, 1991) - Tim Follin 1:20:00 (Bedding) Team Selection - Blades of Steel (NES, 1988) Shinya Sakamoto (S. Sakamoto) Kazuki Muraoka (K. Muraoka) Atsushi Fujio (A. Fujio) Kiyohiro Sada (K. Sada) 1:21:30 (Bedding) Item Acquisition - Super Metroid (SNES, 1994) - Kenji Yamamoto 1:21:42 (Bedding) Welcome to Chessmaster - The Chessmaster (SNES, 1991) - Peter Stone 1:22:24 (Bedding) Item Acquisition - Metroid Fusion (GBA, 2002) - Minako Hamano, Akira Fujiwara 1:22:41 (Bedding) Title Theme - Sorry! / Aggravation / Scrabble Junior (GBA, 2005) - Mark Cooksey (possibly) 1:23:46 (Bedding) Course Clear (Out of This Dimension) - Star Fox (SNES, 1993) - Hajime Hirasawa 1:24:11 (Bedding) Title Theme - PGA Tour Golf (SNES, 1992) - Rob Hubbard 1:24:50 Title Theme - PGA Tour Golf (Genesis, 1991) - Rob Hubbard 1:28:53 (Bedding) Deep Core - Phalanx (SNES, 1991) - S. Yamaguchi 1:29:32 (Bedding) Dr. Wright - SimCity (SNES, 1991) - Soyo Oka 1:34:12 (Bedding) Title Theme - Space Shuttle Project (NES, 1991) - Scott Marshall 1:34:39 (Bedding) Round 1 – Remlia Castle - Astyanax (NES, 1989) - Toshiko Tasaki 1:37:18 (Excerpt) pre-launch voice clips - Space Shuttle Project (NES, 1991) - voiced by David Crane 1:45:29 Ball Launch + Main Play 2 - Star Trek 25th Anniversary (Pinball, 1991) - Brian Schmidt 1:47:52 The Moon - Ducktales Remastered (Various,

Empezamos con la conmemoración del Día Mundial contra el hambre. Después, el turista musical viaja hasta Pamplona para visitar el parque Yamaguchi y después se desvía hasta los jardines de La taconera en Japón. Allí conoce al mono Charly, un estandarte de la vida cultural de la ciudad. A continuación, Gustavo Iglesias repasa la trayectoria del arreglista, violinista y compositor canadiense Owen Pallett, que acaba de trabajar en el nuevo disco de la colombiana Lido Pimienta: 'La Belleza'. A las ocho conocemos la actualidad y una nueva palabra desde Ávila: 'zaleos'. Y, por último, charlamos con Piezas, uno de los componentes del colectivo de rap Murcia Finest, que está apunto de lanzar un doble disco titulado 'Dual'. Además, estrenamos en exclusiva 'Un bala', uno de sus nuevos temas.Escuchar audio

Kai Yamaguchi, MD, general surgeon at Adventist Health Castle, joins host Japhet De Oliveira for a genuine conversation about what inspired him to become a surgeon, his love for kiteboarding, and memories made cooking with his son.

On this episode of the California Now Podcast, host Soterios Johnson chats with Olympic gold medalist, bestselling author, and Bay Area native Kristi Yamaguchi. The figure skating icon reflects on her childhood in Fremont, her first time on the ice at a Hayward mall, and her unforgettable 1992 World Championship win in Oakland. “It truly was a huge homecoming,” she says, recounting the joy of competing on local ice surrounded by family, friends, and longtime supporters. Yamaguchi also discusses her nonprofit, Always Dream, which promotes early childhood literacy through book donations, digital reading tools, and personalized coaching for underserved families. “Reading does truly unlock the ability to dream,” she shares. She also opens up about writing her bestselling children's book Dream Big, Little Pig and the honor of being immortalized as a Barbie doll in Mattel's Inspiring Women series. A proud Californian, Yamaguchi highlights some of her favorite local experiences, including hiking near Mount Diablo, catching a musical in San Francisco, and cheering on the San Jose Sharks. “Oracle Park, if you're a baseball fan—or even if you're not—you've got to go visit and you've got to watch some of those splash landings from the home runs,” she says. Finally, she recommends her favorite local rinks for skaters of all skill levels.

Yomiuri Giants Owner Yamaguchi Regrets Illegal Online Gambling by 2 Club Players

Ep 318 - Summerslam 1998 “Highway to Hell” A variety of opinions on this one 0:21 - Welcome 14:50 - SummerSlam Opening 16:33 - Val Venis vs D'Lo Brown for the WWF European Championship 24:56 - The Oddities (Kurrgan, Golga and Giant Silva) (w/ Luna and the Insane Clown Posse (Shaggy 2 Dope/Violent J)) vs Kaientai (Taka Michinoku, Sho Funaki, Men's Teioh and Dick Togo) (w/ Yamaguchi-san) 29:53 - “Double J” Jeff Jarrett (w/Southern Justice (Dennis Knight/Mark Cantebury) vs X-Pac (w/ Howard Finkel) in a Hair vs Hair match 38:42 - Marvelous Marc Mero and Jacqueline vs Sable and a mystery partner in a Mixed Tag match 47:27 - Owen Hart (w/ Dan “The Beast” Severn) vs Ken Shamrock in a Lion's Den match 52:04 - Mankind vs the New Age Outlaws (Road Dog Jesse James/Bad Ass Billy Gunn) in a Falls Count Anywhere match for the WWF Tag Team Championships 57:20 - HHH (w/ Chyna) vs the Rock (w/ Mark Henry) in a Ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship 1:07:13 - The Undertaker vs Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship 1:15:16 - Overall Thoughts 1:20:55 - Smarking It Up 1:32:46 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:35:49 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “Jimmy's Turn” by Shopan Entesari/Mike Slamer and “Hell Frozen Over v3” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

Une actualité sportive qui a retenu l'attention de la rédaction sport de RMC.

Ep 317 - WWF Monday Night RAW 08/24/1998 Hell in a Cell on TV?!?!? 0:22 - Welcome 13:22 - RAW Opening 17:10 – Ken Shamrock vs Dan Severn 21:44 - Kurrgan (w/ Sable and the Oddities (Golga, Luna Vachon, and Giant Silva)) vs Marvelous Marc Mero 27:49 - Southern Justice (Dennis Knight/Mark Cantebury) vs the New Age Outlaws (Road Dog Jesse James/Bad Ass Billy Gunn) 31:49 - Kane (w/ Undertaker) vs Mankind in a Hell in a Cell match 40:31 - Taka Michinoku (w/ Yamaguchi-san and Kyoko) vs Val Venis 44:59 - Gangrel vs X-Pac 50:36 - Bradshaw vs Bart Gunn in the Brawl for All Finals 1:00:41 - Overall Thoughts 1:03:15 - Smarking It Up 1:15:05 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:16:13 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “We're All in This Together” by Jim Johnston and “Brawl for All Theme” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

The final four of this year's AFC Champions League Elite is set after Kawasaki Frontale booked their place with a win over Qatar's Al Sadd. Having taken the lead twice, only to be pegged back, Kawasaki were forced to extra time but a 98th minute strike from Yasuto Wakizaka sealed the deal and sets up an enticing clash with Saudi powerhouse Al Nassr. Michael Church reports from Jeddah after the game and speaks to Frontale goalkeeper Louis Yamaguchi to get his reaction. Be sure to follow The Asian Game on all our social media channels: X: https://twitter.com/TheAsianGame IG: https://instagram.com/theasiangame Facebook: https://facebook.com/TheAsianGamePodcast 

Chugoku (Chuugoku / Chūgoku), or 'middle country,' has long been thought of as a bridge between Japan and the rest of the world. While the region is best known for Hiroshima Prefecture, it's also fascinating to investigate the surrounding areas of Okayama, Shimane, Tottori, and Yamaguchi. In this guide, we'll discuss the best attractions, hidden gems, and reasons why you should make time to visit this amazing part of Japan. Check out our social media below

In a fashionably late mini-pod, Jon Steele looks back at last Wednesday's Levain Cup action from a J2 perspective. There were derby wins for Imabari (in their rescheduled Round 1 game) and Iwata, as well as a night to remember for Yamaguchi as they slayed a J1 giant in the form of Kashima Antlers. Jon also picks a Most Bravo Player, and previews the remaining Levain Cup fixtures in Round 2 (being played this Wednesday evening). Sorry about the slow upload this week - Jon has been working at full capacity!

Women's Badminton: Akane Yamaguchi Reaches Asia Championships Quarterfinals

Badminton, Yamaguchi, Other Japanese Players into Asian Championship 2nd Round

March is National Kidney Month. Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that filter wastes and extra water out of our blood and make urine. Damage to your kidneys means they can't filter blood the way it should, which could lead to kidney disease. Our guest for this episode is Leo Yamaguchi, M.D., associate program director and vice chief of clinical services for the TTUHSC School of Medicine's Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology. Dr. Yamaguchi explains how our kidneys work, some of the causes of kidney disease, how we can keep our kidneys safe and why we might want to consider becoming an organ donor. 

Ep 310 - WWF Monday Night RAW 06/29/1998 I'm gonna knock you out 0:20 - Welcome 12:58 - RAW Opening 16:25 - Darren Drozdov vs Steven Regal 20:58 - Marvelous Marc Mero vs Steve Blackman in a 1st round match in the Brawl For All tournament 27:58 - Dick Togo (w/ Yamaguchi-san) vs Val Venis 33:08 - HHH (w/Chyna) vs Owen Hart vs Ken Shamrock in a King of Kings match 41:27 - Mark Cantebury vs Bradshaw in a 1st round match in the Brawl for All tournament 46:02 – Stone Cold Steve Austin vs Kane (w/ Paul Bearer) for the WWF Championship 50:40 - Overall Thoughts 52:55 - Smarking It Up 1:05:58 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:08:26 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “We're All Together Now” by Jim Johnston and “Hell Frozen Over v3” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

Ep 309 - King of the Ring 1998 “Off with their Heads” Head, shoulders, knees and toes 0:28 - Welcome 18:59 - KotR Opening 21:08 - The Headbangers (Mosh/Thrasher) and Taka Michinoku vs Kaientai (Dick Togo/Men's Teioh/Sho Funaki) (w/ Yamaguchi-san) 29:51 - “Double J” Jeff Jarrett (w/ Tennessee Lee) vs Ken Shamrock in a King of the Ring semi-final match 32:53 - The Rock (w/the Nation of Domination (The Godfather and Mark Henry) vs Dan “The Beast” Severn in a King of the Ring semi-final match 37:12 - Too Much (“Too Sexy” Brian Christopher and Scott Taylor) vs Al Snow and Head 44:11 - X-Pac (w/ Chyna) vs Owen Hart 52:50 - The New Age Outlaws (Road Dogg Jesse James/Bad Ass Billy Gunn) (w/Chyna) vs the New Midnight Express (Bombastic Bob/Bodacious Bart) (w/Jim Cornette) for the WWF Tag Team Championship 57:04 - The Rock vs Ken Shamrock in the Finals of the King of the Ring tournament 1:04:35 - Mankind vs the Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell match 1:17:51 - Kane (w/ Paul Bearer) vs Stone Cold Steve Austin in a First Blood match for the WWF Championship 1:25:46 - Overall Thoughts 1:30:50 - Smarking It Up 1:42:23 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:47:42 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “Trash Talk” by Jim Johnston and “Burned” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

Rob and Matt are back for a bumper episode of The Stardom Cast this week, going three hours chatting all the news dropping in the world of Stardom and Marigold and managing to review no fewer than five Stardom shows! They chat impressive performances from Momo Kohgo and Aya Sakura, Red Belt clown, the destination for Tam and Saya, mystery opponents, Lady C getting her flowers, the hottest of hot openers, Mayu forgetting her glove, the never-ending/starting feud between Mei and Hanan and so much more! Patreon Schedule: Monday (Free Feed): 5Star Grand Prix 2022 Final Night Re-Review w/ Andy Header Tuesday: Alternate Commentary – Saya Kamitani vs. Mina Shirakawa Wednesday: Marigold Standard #35 Thursday: Matches With Matt – Maika vs. Mina Shirakawa Friday (Free Feed): The Stardom Cast #234 Sunday: Is It Still 5 Stars? – Mina Shirakawa vs. Tam Nakano w/ Andy Header Subscribe to the podcast: https://linktr.ee/talkjoshi Our Socials: The Stardom Cast Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/thestardomcast The Marigold Standard Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/MarigoldPodcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkjoshi Threads: https://www.threads.net/talkjoshi Bluesky: https://bsky.app/talkjoshi.bsky.social YouTube: https://tinyurl.com/2s4zrf3r Discord: https://discord.gg/bbDcAwc

With the new J2 season hurtling into view at the weekend, the JTET crew finish off their 2025 season preview with five more teams covered in depth. James and Jon get things underway by running the rule over newly-relegated Tosu (Start to 09:20), followed by Yamaguchi (09:20 to 19:15), and then Oita (19:15 to 29:00). The boys then welcome special guest Chikashi Toyoshima (co-creator of the ViviCast) to give us the lowdown on hotly-tipped Nagasaki (29:00 to 39:20). After that, friend of the pod Garry Irwin brings up the rear with his thoughts on the campaign ahead for his beloved Kumamoto (39:20 to 50:30). Finally, Jon and James reconvene to take a quick look at the Round 1 fixtures coming up on Saturday and Sunday (50:30 to Finish). This segment also includes a big JTET welcome to Victor Arroyo, who has gallantly agreed to take over at host of the J3-centric 'Short Corner' mini-pod for 2025! We hope everyone enjoys the show, and the big kick-off this weekend! *We asked Chikashi and Garry to respond to these hard-hitting questions in their previews: 1)     Please tell us about your team's transfer activity over the winter break (major players coming in, major players going out). 2)     Who will be your team's key player in 2025? 3)     What do you think of your team's manager? 4)     Where do you think your team will finish in the 2025 table (head and heart)? 5)     Which team in J2 do you think is going to surprise people this season (could be your team or any other, could be a positive or negative surprise)? *Join The J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://patreon.com/jtalkpod *Join our JLeague Chat Discord server here: https://discord.gg/p6PVbF9E *Follow JTET on Bluesky here: @jtalket.bsky.social

Most commonly the challenge is gaining lean muscle. Doing all the things but can't seem to gain muscle? Then tune in and go through this like a check list of 12 strength training mistakes in menopause that could be the reason. It just takes one. But if there are multiple, it's compounded and in this case, not interest but penalty! Join us at Metabolism Makeover 2.0 to support your journey avoiding the 12 strength training mistakes in menopause. Overworking Small Muscle Groups [00:02:20] You need fewer of these small muscle group-focused exercises in your routine if you prioritize the major muscles like chest (pectoralis) and back (trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi). If the secondary (biceps and triceps) muscles are going to get a workout most of the time, these will rob you of time and energy that is better spent on major muscles if you aren't getting in the adequate volume there. Skipping the Warmup [00:06:40] Nearly a decade ago, I began sharing the fact that if you skip the warmup, you also miss an opportunity to increase total energy expenditure during a workout. It's not only about injury prevention. There's an increased blood circulation, improved energy expenditure, mobility and you can work closer to your capacity. If fitness and longevity are truly goals, “exercising” is not the same as working at your capacity and safely, sanely raising the roof on your fitness level so that age doesn't automatically result in slowing down or gaining weight. Not Resting Between Sets Long Enough Before [00:13:10] Rapidly moving from one exercise to the next, was yesterday. The “metabolic conditioning workouts” are a nice anomaly, a change in pace. Rest between sets of strength training. Reach complete muscle fatigue or within 2 reps of it. If you do HIIT, separate the sessions so you get the best benefit from it and from strength. If you are not getting stronger, not increasing muscle, and these are your goals (in order, perhaps to improve body fat % ultimately), it's a “how” you're doing it problem. Plan Your Routine to Avoid 12 Strength Training Mistakes in Menopause No Organized Plan [00:17:30] You either default to using what's available at the gym or doing the same exercises in the same sequence every time. If you're not careful you won't change the stimulus (by changing the sequence and sets/rep combination) and may also not be getting enough sets per muscle group in each week. It doesn't mean that all sets for a muscle group must be all the same exercise. A super set of 6 different exercises for the triceps works. The next workout you may just do 3 and you're still covered… if you planned it that way. Not Sleeping Enough or Not Changing the Workout When You Don't Sleep [00:20:50] The sleep you get will determine the benefit you get from exercise. If you don't prioritize, your workouts will suffer too. You're also at risk for injury, not only because your body isn't fully doing the repair job or releasing testosterone and growth hormone in deep cycles of sleep as it should, but because coordination suffers. Treating Soreness or Worn Out an Indication of “Good Workout” [00:22:40] When you work muscles, it's normal to feel sore, even if you're extremely fit. Some muscles like quads and glutes are used to a lot of activity and tend to get sore less often. But there are two genes associated with soreness and you may either be predisposed to be sore or not. It's not a good indication of whether you worked hard enough. If you reached muscle fatigue or came close, you gave the muscle enough stimulus. The first sign of poor recovery was soreness after workouts, the second was reduced performance during workouts. 12 Strength Training Mistakes in Menopause to Avoid and Nurture Your Body Dependence on Supplements and Negating Balanced Whole Food Meals. [00:27:00] If you're all too willing to jump to EAAs, or BCAAs but won't eat regular meals that result in satiety, chances are your lack of micro and macronutrients will catch up with you. “Food first”, then allow supplements to take you the rest of the way. I don't like to “count” calories on a regular basis but a snapshot is very helpful for checking in. Often for knowing when you're eating too little. Taking Too Much Advice (or Too Little From Too Many People) [00:30:20] It often takes even gurus a while to come around. You have to love Vonda Wright and Mary Haver sharing their own menopause journeys. We need more women like them. They're open about not knowing what they didn't know about menopause, as physicians and women. You have at your fingertips access to women who learned the hard way, so you don't have to. Just don't jump in the middle. You need an onramp. Ignoring Nutrition Needs. [00:32:30] The talk is “calorie deficit.” Yet, 80% of women in our community under-eat for their mere existence (resting metabolic rate) and then try to put their foot on the accelerator for exercise causing a bigger caloric deficit. Then they stay there for years, under-fed and under-fueled (processed food, diet food), the metabolism will come to a halt, along, potentially with adrenal and thyroid function. Figure your calorie needs. Use an app to track your actual intake for 3-5 days. 12 Strength Training Mistakes in Menopause That Hinder Your Progress Thinking Small, Skinny, or Numbers That Don't Matter Instead of That Do [00:36:20] Your size and your weight on the scale do not tell the story of your fitness and health. Though they might hint at your likelihood of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, fall and fracture risk. When women focus on weight or size they sacrifice muscle. When they lose muscle, they lose strength, longevity and independence. A woman who has her ideal weight or size is constantly thinking about it and a step away from a fall or fracture. A fracture that results in bedrest, weakness and loss of more muscle. The beginning of the end. Those falls are not devastating just because of the breaks, but because of brain bleeds or other internal damage. Too Heavy to Start [00:38:20] The first 6-8 weeks, and up to 12, of a resistance training program, the benefits are due to the neural connection. That isn't rushed by going heavy. But loads too great for your ligaments, tendons and joints or muscles can cause weakness, undue soreness, and a weak foundation leading to injury. We, in the fitness industry, need to be more careful. We have sometimes lost our way in regard to where to START, and how and at what pace to PROGRESS. You Add Something But Don't Remove Something Else [00:40:30] I've experienced this temptation myself. When I started training for triathlons at 40, I was compelled to figure out how to run even while I was adding biking or swimming to my schedule. I soon realized I was sabotaging the quality of every workout and just putting those “junk miles.” A woman will lose muscle because of the added stress, inability to recover. That's an extreme example, but if you're adding and never subtracting/replacing, you're probably going to experience similar results. References for the 12 Strength Training Mistakes in Menopause: For dropping in the references.. Ideally just the single line link.. Vs long for the podcasts and posts - however if the research is really: within last 10 years, features female subjects.. Then it should be added to the research document. Nothing else should ever be used in our content. #1 Cheng AJ, Jude B, Lanner JT. Intramuscular mechanisms of overtraining. Redox Biol. 2020 Aug;35:101480. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101480. Epub 2020 Feb 26. PMID: 32179050; PMCID: PMC7284919. #2 Afonso J, Brito J, Abade E, Rendeiro-Pinho G, Baptista I, Figueiredo P, Nakamura FY. Revisiting the 'Whys' and 'Hows' of the Warm-Up: Are We Asking the Right Questions? Sports Med. 2024 Jan;54(1):23-30. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01908-y. Epub 2023 Sep 2. PMID: 37658965; PMCID: PMC10798919. #3 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19691365/#:~:text=Conversely%2C some experiments%20have%20a demonstrated,be%20safer%20and%20more%20reliable #4 Hughes SL, Seymour RB, Campbell RT, Whitelaw N, Bazzarre T. Best-practice physical activity programs for older adults: findings from the national impact study. Am J Public Health. 2009 Feb;99(2):362-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131466. Epub 2008 Dec 4. PMID: 19059858; PMCID: PMC2622796 #4 Brickwood KJ, Ahuja KDK, Watson G, O'Brien JA, Williams AD. Effects of Activity Tracker Use With Health Professional Support or Telephone Counseling on Maintenance of Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021 Jan 5;9(1):e18686. doi: 10.2196/18686. PMID: 33399541; PMCID: PMC7815450. #5 https://www.somnologymd.com/2024/09/sleep-womens-health/ #6 Romero-Parra N, Maestre-Cascales C, Marín-Jiménez N, Rael B, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Postmenopausal Well-Trained Women. Sports Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;13(6):613-621. doi: 10.1177/19417381211014134. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34039086; PMCID: PMC8558998. #6 https://sheffieldphysiotherapy.co.uk/muscle-soreness-mean-youve-effective-workout/ #7 & #9 Erdélyi A, Pálfi E, Tűű L, Nas K, Szűcs Z, Török M, Jakab A, Várbíró S. The Importance of Nutrition in Menopause and Perimenopause-A Review. Nutrients. 2023 Dec 21;16(1):27. doi: 10.3390/nu16010027. PMID: 38201856; PMCID: PMC10780928. #7 Lentjes MAH. The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):97-109. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002525. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30375305; PMCID: PMC6366563 #10 Martinez, B.P., Batista, A.K.M.S., Gomes, I.B. et al. Frequency of sarcopenia and associated factors among hospitalized elderly patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16, 108 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0570-x #10 Sakuma, Kunihiro, Yamaguchi, Akihiko, Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age, International Journal of Endocrinology, 2013, 204164, 12 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/204164 #11 Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Apr;36(4):674-88. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61. PMID: 15064596 #12 Caplin A, Chen FS, Beauchamp MR, Puterman E. The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021 Sep;131:105336. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105336. Epub 2021 Jun 18. PMID: 34175558. #12 Woods NF, Mitchell ES, Smith-Dijulio K. Cortisol levels during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Menopause. 2009 Jul-Aug;16(4):708-18. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318198d6b2. PMID: 19322116; PMCID: PMC2749064. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2749064/#:~:text=Early laboratory studies of hot,in our earlier report5. Resources: 5 Day Flip: https://www.flippingfifty.com/5-day-challenge-new/ Lunges: Love 'em or Leave 'em https://www.flippingfifty.com/lunges-muscles-squats-variations-benefits Protein Products: https://www.flippingfifty.com/protein Other Episodes You Might Like: How to Exercise with High or Low Cortisol in Menopause: https://www.flippingfifty.com/high-or-low-cortisol-in-menopause 8 Strength Training Mistakes Wasting Your Time (fix them): https://www.flippingfifty.com/8-strength-training-mistakes Fit or Fat? Training and Measuring Fitness in Menopause: https://www.flippingfifty.com/measuring-fitness-in-menopause

Ep 305 – Over the Edge: In Your House The deck is stacked 0:28 - Welcome 14:30 - OtE Opening 15:38 - LOD 2000 (Road Warrior Hawk/Road Warrior Animal) (w/ Droz and Sunny) vs the Disciples of Apocalypse (Skull & 8-Ball) (w/ Chainz) 22:46 - Jeff Jarrett (w/ Tennessee Lee) vs Steve Blackman 27:56 - Marvelous Marc Mero vs Sable's representative 32:28 - Kaientai (Dick Togo, Men's Teoh, and Sho Funaki) (w/ Yamaguchi-san) vs Bradshaw and Taka Michinoku 37:43– Faarooq vs The Rock for the WWF Intercontinental Championship 41:29 - Kane (w/ Paul Bearer) vs Vader in a Mask vs Mask match 49:57 - DX (HHH, Road Dog Jesse James and Bad Ass Billy Gunn) (w/Chyna and X-Pac) vs the Nation of Domination (Owen Hart, D'Lo Brown and Kama Mustafa) (w/ Mark Henry) 56:05 - Dude Love vs Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship with Vince McMahon as the special guest referee 1:06:03 - Overall Thoughts 1:11:49 - Smarking It Up 1:23:14 - Making Their Way to the Ring 1:26:07 - Goodbyes Music from this week's show is “Rough & Tumble” by Steve Goomas/Doug Perkins and “Hell Frozen Over v3” by Jim Johnston Rate and review us on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you find your podcasts Email – WrestlingHistoryX@gmail.com X – WrestlingHistoX

Our guest on the podcast today is Melissa Yamaguchi, who has been a student, educator, devoted practitioner, and teacher of Feng Shui and Energy for 28 years. Having traveled the world teaching lessons on the balance of the environment through the practice of Feng Shui, she found that it was all for naught if the person himself was out of balance. She began focusing, practicing, teaching, and subsequently speaking on the need for self-knowledge. Her classes are often sold-out venues thanks to her humorous delivery.Melissa's presentations have been described as “Erma Bombeck meets Dorothy Parker with a hard shot of truth. Her leadership is further rooted in her experience as the first President of the Professional Beauty Association and the first female President of The Salon Association, roles that showcase her leadership and influence.Melissa's expertise extends beyond Feng Shui. She has been featured in numerous publications, including The Huffington Post, and has spoken to many diverse audiences, from corporate leaders to civic organizations. She is also the Vice President and Co-Founder of the Mariel Hemingway Foundation, a vital resource for mental wellness, and the co-host of Out Comes the Sun, a podcast dedicated to exploring mental, physical, and spiritual health.In today's episode, Melissa brings her deep knowledge of Feng Shui and energy to illuminate the shifts from 2024's Year of the Yang Wood Dragon to 2025's Year of the Yin Wood-Snake. We'll explore how these transitions influence global dynamics, personal growth, and business innovation—and discover how we can harness these energies to thrive in the year ahead.Key TakeawaysMelissa's guidance on the elemental energies of 2026 and how the yin wood snake unlocks the energy of transformationDive deep into the revolutionary and evolutionary nature of our current timesHow energy moves in complex multi-directional patternsDiscover how global power dynamics are driven by resource competitionWhat influences Feng Shui and the elemental shifts are bringing to leadership and business dynamicsEpisode Resources:Yamaguchi Lifestyle WebsiteMelissa's Linkedin ProfileOther links for Melissa and her workSacredChangemakers.comOur Sacred CommunityJayne Warrilow on LinkedinThank you to our sponsor:A huge thank you to our Inner Circle members, podcast sponsors, and extended Sacred Changemakers community, all of whom are visible on our website and helping us make a global impact aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.If you would like to support our show:Please rate, review, and subscribe to the podcast on iTunes and other podcast platforms. We would be SO grateful.Sacred Changemakers is a transformation company that believes in change for good. We provide community and resources for changemakers (coaches, consultants, speakers, authors, business owners, leaders, and conscious humans) to awaken their purpose, lead with resonance, and change the world. Together, we are making a meaningful difference. If you are a fellow changemaker who would like the support of an incredible...

Yoshiko Yamaguchi (1920-2014) was a Japanese actress and singer who rose to fame in China during the 1930s and 1940s. Her Japanese identity was hidden and used in propaganda films to promote Japanese influence in occupied territories. After the war, Yamaguchi became a prominent Japanese politician and advocate for Sino-Japanese reconciliation. For Further Reading: Yoshiko Yamaguchi, 94, Actress in Propaganda Films, Dies Yoshiko Yamaguchi: The Singer, Actress and Politician Who Loved Japan and China Looking Back on My Days as Ri Koran (Li Xianglan) This month, we're diving into the "Divas" of history, examining how the label has been used from many angles, whether describing women pejoratively... or with admiration. History classes can get a bad rap, and sometimes for good reason. When we were students, we couldn’t help wondering... where were all the ladies at? Why were so many incredible stories missing from the typical curriculum? Enter, Womanica. On this Wonder Media Network podcast we explore the lives of inspiring women in history you may not know about, but definitely should. Every weekday, listeners explore the trials, tragedies, and triumphs of groundbreaking women throughout history who have dramatically shaped the world around us. In each 5 minute episode, we’ll dive into the story behind one woman listeners may or may not know–but definitely should. These diverse women from across space and time are grouped into easily accessible and engaging monthly themes like Educators, Villains, Indigenous Storytellers, Activists, and many more. Womanica is hosted by WMN co-founder and award-winning journalist Jenny Kaplan. The bite-sized episodes pack painstakingly researched content into fun, entertaining, and addictive daily adventures. Womanica was created by Liz Kaplan and Jenny Kaplan, executive produced by Jenny Kaplan, and produced by Grace Lynch, Maddy Foley, Brittany Martinez, Edie Allard, Lindsey Kratochwill, Carmen Borca-Carrillo, Taylor Williamson, Sara Schleede, Paloma Moreno Jimenez, Luci Jones, Abbey Delk, Hannah Bottum, Adrien Behn, Alyia Yates, and Vanessa Handy. Special thanks to Shira Atkins. Original theme music composed by Miles Moran. Follow Wonder Media Network: Website Instagram Twitter See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

At 21, Troy Guard left community college in San Diego to return to Hawaii, his birthplace, where he mentored under Roy Yamaguchi, celebrity chef. Guard recounts, “I started in the pantry, worked my way through the kitchen, and over the next eight years opened restaurants with him [Yamaguchi] in Tokyo and New York City.” At 38, Guard opened his first restaurant in Denver. “I knew the culinary side of the business pretty well,” says Guard, “but I had to quickly learn financial management and people development.” Today, Guard is the owner and chef of the 12-restaurant TAG Restaurant Group. The company describes its eight concepts as ranging “from a bubbly breakfast joint, HashTAG, to the quick-casual Bubu, to the show-stopping modern steakhouse, Guard and Grace, and everything in between.” In this episode, Guard explains how building the right team and delegating responsibilities became the foundation of his business expansion. "Today we successfully operate TAG Burger Bar, TAG Raw Bar, Sugar Mill Bakery, Los Chingonas Taqueria, and Guard & Grace Steakhouse because of the team we developed and the modifications I made to my role.” Guard recommends that operators who wish to grow their concepts follow three steps: First, place yourself in the role that fits you best. Second, fire yourself from other responsibilities to allow the right person room to perform them. And third, implement systems and procedures for consistency.  Trust your people but place your faith in the systems. Guard envisions a bright future for the TAG Restaurant Group. "Our short-term priorities include a focus on implementing appropriate technologies that improve operations while continuing to emphasize the guest experience."

Here comes Brakkus… and there goes Brakkus! In this episode of Wrasslin' Raw, the boys sit down to a mediocre episode of Monday Night Raw, filled with mediocre talent like the DOA, Vader, the Headbangers, and Dustin Runnels. D-Lo Brown has a great showing against Terry Funk, while the Brawl For All keeps burning through careers. Mrs. Yamaguchi-san pays a little attention to Val Venis, and the Undertaker starts to show his true colors. A one-off appearance from King Mabel is too much for anyone!

Hello to you listening in Yamaguchi, Japan!Coming to you from Whidbey Island, Washington this is Stories From Women Who Walk with 60 Seconds (and closer to 9 minutes) for Story Prompt Friday and your host, Diane Wyzga.Maybe it's true and maybe it isn't, but long ago and far away there lived a fisherman and his wife. ......Story Prompt: When has something or someone wonderful come to you unexpectedly during a time of loss, or sadness or despair and that turned everything around? Write that story! You're always invited: “Come for the stories - stay for the magic!” Speaking of magic, would you subscribe and spread the word with a generous 5-star review and comment - it helps us all - and join us next time!Meanwhile, stop by my Quarter Moon Story Arts website to:✓ Check out Services I Offer,✓ For a no-obligation conversation about your communication challenges, get in touch with me today✓ Stay current with Diane as “Wyzga on Words” on Substack and on LinkedInStories From Women Who Walk Production TeamPodcaster: Diane F Wyzga & Quarter Moon Story ArtsMusic: Mer's Waltz from Crossing the Waters by Steve Schuch & Night Heron MusicAll content and image © 2019 to Present Quarter Moon Story Arts. All rights reserved. 

The only way to make wrestling better is to combine it with boxing!  In this episode of Wrasslin' Raw, the boys watch the fallout from the King of the Ring and the start of the infamous Brawl For All!  Sable taints the commentary table with her robotic delivery, Stone Cold Steve Austin gets a rematch with Kane, and Val Venis starts an angle with Yamaguchi-san.  What is the best way to freshen up the Legion of Doom?  Put them in a program with DOA!

Advent: A Thrill of Hope 2 | Habakkuk 1:5, 12-13 | Kirk Yamaguchi | Mile High Vineyard

マレーシアで会（あ）った日本人（にほんじん）の友人（ゆうじん）が実（じつ）は今（いま）、日本（にほん）に帰（かえ）ってきている、ということから、彼（かれ）の出身地（しゅっしんち）北九州市（きたきゅうしゅうし）について話（はな）しました。北九州市（きたきゅうしゅうし）は福岡県（ふくおかけん）にありながら、実（じつ）は山口県（やまぐちけん）のすぐ隣（となり）、ということで、山口県（やまぐちけん）の魅力（みりょく）についても探（さぐ）りました。山口（やまぐち）はThe New York Timesでも取（と）り上（あ）げられた場所（ばしょ）ですが、実（じつ）は行（い）ったことがありません。どこに魅力（みりょく）があるのかを探（さぐ）りました。また北九州市（きたきゅうしゅうし）の成人式（せいじんしき）での特別（とくべつ）な文化（ぶんか）についても話（はな）しています。機会（きかい）があればぜひ訪（おとず）れてみてはいかがでしょうか？ A Japanese friend we met in Malaysia has actually returned to Japan, which led us to talk about his hometown, Kitakyushu City. Kitakyushu City is in Fukuoka Prefecture, but it's right next to Yamaguchi Prefecture, so we also explored the charm of Yamaguchi. Yamaguchi has been featured in The New York Times, but we have never been there. We looked into what makes it so appealing. We also talked about the unique culture of Kitakyushu's coming-of-age ceremonies. If you ever have the chance, why not visit these places? The script is available here: https://www.makiko-japanese.com/ I will update this episode on Youtube as soon as possible!! Please check out and  subscribe to our youtube channel: ⁠www.youtube.com/channel/UChu8-tNd_4RyWo-iE5cr-Ow⁠ email, comments, requests, also Japanese lesson inquiries: toranomaki.nihongo@gmail.com にほんごのかいわのレッスンもしています。メールでれんらくください。 Please follow our Instagram, @toranomaki.nihongo

Bright on Buddhism - Episode 99 - What is the history of anti-Buddhist thought in Japan? What is its social and political context? What is the state of Buddhism in Japan today? Resources: Hur, Nam-lin. 2007. Death and Social Order in Tokugawa Japan: Buddhism, Anti-Christianity, and the Danka System. 1st ed. Vol. 282. Harvard University Asia Center. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1tg5pht.; Ketelaar, James Edward. 1990. Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv173dzs8.; LaFleur, William R. 1986. The Karma of Words: Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan.; Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986). Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-080067-1.; Ono, Motonori Shinto: The Kami Way; Starrs, Roy (2005). "The Kojiki as Japan's National Narrative", in Asian Futures, Asian Traditions, edited by Edwina Palmer. Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental, ISBN 1-901903-16-8; Wittkamp, Robert F. (2018). "The Body as a Mode of Conceptualization in the Kojiki Cosmogony" in「東西学術研究所紀要」第51輯 (Tōzai gakujutsu kenkyūsho kiyō 51, pp. 47–64, PDF online available).; Wittkamp, Robert F. (2020): "Re-Examining Japanese Mythologies: Why the Nihon Shoki has two books of myths but the Kojiki only one" in「東西学術研究所紀要」第53輯 (Tōzai gakujutsu kenkyūsho kiyō 53, pp. 13–39, PDF online available).; Yamaguchi, Yoshinori; Takamitsu Kōnoshi (1997). Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshū: Kojiki. Tōkyō: Shogakukan. ISBN 4-09-658001-5. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by finding us on email or social media! https://linktr.ee/brightonbuddhism Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

PainExam Podcast Show  Episode Title: Exploring PRP and BMAC in Pain Managemen  Host:   David Rosenblum, MD           Release Date:    November 27, 2024    Episode Overview:  In this episode of the PainExam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum, a New York-based pain physician, examines the latest research surrounding Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) in pain management for the knee, shoulder, and spine. Dr. Rosenblum reviews several key studies, providing insights into the efficacy of these regenerative treatments and their implications for clinical practice. Featured Studies:  1.  A Comparison of Functional Outcomes in Rotator Cuff Repairs Using Adjunctive Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate vs. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis**      -     Authors:       Seth J. Spicer, Sara Soliman, Robert Malek, Mitchell Kaplan, Jensen Clark, Nicholas Averell, Brandon Goodwin, Richard Jermyn      -  Published in:  Cureus. 2024 Aug 23;16(8):e67594. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67594      -  Summary: This systematic review evaluates the outcomes of rotator cuff repairs (RCR) using BMAC alone versus BMAC combined with PRP. The analysis included three studies and found no significant difference in functional outcomes between the two groups, suggesting that BMAC alone may be adequate, potentially reducing costs and resource use. 2.        Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A One-Year Non-Randomized Retrospective Comparative Study            -  Authors: Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry, Carlos Lumbao, Natasha Salame, Moutih Rafei, Riam Shammaa      -  Published in:  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2022.      -  Summary:   This study compared the effectiveness of intra-articular BMAC and PRP injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Results indicated that patients receiving BMAC experienced significant improvements in pain and functionality scores over 12 months, while the PRP group showed nonsignificant improvements. BMAC was found to be more effective than PRP in managing knee OA symptoms. 3.  Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Who Receive Platelet-Rich Plasma or Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injections Have Better Outcomes Than Patients Who Receive Hyaluronic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis**      -     Authors:  John W. Belk, Joseph J. Lim, Carson Keeter, Patrick C. McCulloch, Darby A. Houck, Eric C. McCarty, Rachel M. Frank, Matthew J. Kraeutler      -       Published in:   World Journal of Stem Cells, 2021.      -    Summary:  This systematic review assessed the efficacy of PRP and BMAC compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for knee OA. The findings demonstrated that both PRP and BMAC led to significantly better patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared to HA, with no significant differences between PRP and BMAC in terms of effectiveness. 4.          Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: An Overview of Mechanisms of Action and Orthobiologic Synergistic Effects             - Authors: José Fábio Santos Duarte Lana, Lucas Furtado da Fonseca, Rafael da Rocha Macedo, Tomas Mosaner, William Murrell, Ashok Kumar, Joseph Purita, Marco Antonio Percope de Andrade      -  Published in:  World Journal of Stem Cells, 2021.      - **Summary:** This overview discusses the mechanisms of action for PRP and BMAC and their potential synergistic effects in musculoskeletal healing. The authors highlight that while both therapies show promise, further research is needed to standardize treatment protocols and fully understand their combined effects on healing processes. 5.  PRP and BMAC for Musculoskeletal Conditions via Biomaterial Carriers*       -   Authors:       Fabio S. M. Yamaguchi, Shahin Shams, Eduardo A. Silva, Roberta S. Stilhano      -   Published in:** International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019.      -     Summary:  This review focuses on the use of biomaterial carriers in conjunction with PRP and BMAC to enhance regenerative processes for musculoskeletal injuries. The authors emphasize the growing interest in these therapies as alternatives for treating cartilage, muscle, and bone injuries, and discuss the various biomaterials used in clinical trials.  Key Takeaways:  - The efficacy of BMAC compared to PRP in various orthopedic applications. - Insights into the mechanisms of action and potential synergistic effects of PRP and BMAC. - The importance of research in optimizing treatment protocols for knee osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions.    Upcoming Events:  Visit        NRAPpain.org  to learn about the virtual pain fellowship and other educational resources. Additionally, check out our live courses designed for healthcare professionals looking to enhance their skills in pain management and regenerative therapies.  Listen to the Episode:   Join Dr. Rosenblum as he provides expert analysis on these studies and discusses the implications for pain management and regenerative medicine.  Connect with Us:  For more information, resources, and to access past episodes, visit our website or follow us on social media. Your feedback and questions are always welcome!         Disclaimer   The content of this podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for any medical concerns.

PainExam Podcast Show  Episode Title: Exploring PRP and BMAC in Pain Managemen  Host:   David Rosenblum, MD           Release Date:    November 27, 2024    Episode Overview:  In this episode of the PainExam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum, a New York-based pain physician, examines the latest research surrounding Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) in pain management for the knee, shoulder, and spine. Dr. Rosenblum reviews several key studies, providing insights into the efficacy of these regenerative treatments and their implications for clinical practice. Featured Studies:  1.  A Comparison of Functional Outcomes in Rotator Cuff Repairs Using Adjunctive Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate vs. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis**      -     Authors:       Seth J. Spicer, Sara Soliman, Robert Malek, Mitchell Kaplan, Jensen Clark, Nicholas Averell, Brandon Goodwin, Richard Jermyn      -  Published in:  Cureus. 2024 Aug 23;16(8):e67594. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67594      -  Summary: This systematic review evaluates the outcomes of rotator cuff repairs (RCR) using BMAC alone versus BMAC combined with PRP. The analysis included three studies and found no significant difference in functional outcomes between the two groups, suggesting that BMAC alone may be adequate, potentially reducing costs and resource use. 2.        Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A One-Year Non-Randomized Retrospective Comparative Study            -  Authors: Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry, Carlos Lumbao, Natasha Salame, Moutih Rafei, Riam Shammaa      -  Published in:  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2022.      -  Summary:   This study compared the effectiveness of intra-articular BMAC and PRP injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Results indicated that patients receiving BMAC experienced significant improvements in pain and functionality scores over 12 months, while the PRP group showed nonsignificant improvements. BMAC was found to be more effective than PRP in managing knee OA symptoms. 3.  Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Who Receive Platelet-Rich Plasma or Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injections Have Better Outcomes Than Patients Who Receive Hyaluronic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis**      -     Authors:  John W. Belk, Joseph J. Lim, Carson Keeter, Patrick C. McCulloch, Darby A. Houck, Eric C. McCarty, Rachel M. Frank, Matthew J. Kraeutler      -       Published in:   World Journal of Stem Cells, 2021.      -    Summary:  This systematic review assessed the efficacy of PRP and BMAC compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for knee OA. The findings demonstrated that both PRP and BMAC led to significantly better patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared to HA, with no significant differences between PRP and BMAC in terms of effectiveness. 4.          Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: An Overview of Mechanisms of Action and Orthobiologic Synergistic Effects             - Authors: José Fábio Santos Duarte Lana, Lucas Furtado da Fonseca, Rafael da Rocha Macedo, Tomas Mosaner, William Murrell, Ashok Kumar, Joseph Purita, Marco Antonio Percope de Andrade      -  Published in:  World Journal of Stem Cells, 2021.      - **Summary:** This overview discusses the mechanisms of action for PRP and BMAC and their potential synergistic effects in musculoskeletal healing. The authors highlight that while both therapies show promise, further research is needed to standardize treatment protocols and fully understand their combined effects on healing processes. 5.  PRP and BMAC for Musculoskeletal Conditions via Biomaterial Carriers*       -   Authors:       Fabio S. M. Yamaguchi, Shahin Shams, Eduardo A. Silva, Roberta S. Stilhano      -   Published in:** International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019.      -     Summary:  This review focuses on the use of biomaterial carriers in conjunction with PRP and BMAC to enhance regenerative processes for musculoskeletal injuries. The authors emphasize the growing interest in these therapies as alternatives for treating cartilage, muscle, and bone injuries, and discuss the various biomaterials used in clinical trials.  Key Takeaways:  - The efficacy of BMAC compared to PRP in various orthopedic applications. - Insights into the mechanisms of action and potential synergistic effects of PRP and BMAC. - The importance of research in optimizing treatment protocols for knee osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions.    Upcoming Events:  Visit        NRAPpain.org  to learn about the virtual pain fellowship and other educational resources. Additionally, check out our live courses designed for healthcare professionals looking to enhance their skills in pain management and regenerative therapies.  Listen to the Episode:   Join Dr. Rosenblum as he provides expert analysis on these studies and discusses the implications for pain management and regenerative medicine.  Connect with Us:  For more information, resources, and to access past episodes, visit our website or follow us on social media. Your feedback and questions are always welcome!         Disclaimer   The content of this podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for any medical concerns.

Jon Steele and James Taylor have all the important action from the final day of the regular J2 season, with the second automatic promotion spot and the playoff participants still to be decided. In Part 1, Jon talks us through the matches that decided 2nd place, Yamaguchi v Yokohama FC and Nagasaki v Ehime (start to 17:25). In part 2, James leads a clockwatch roundup of the playoff contenders' games: Kagoshima v Okayama, Yamagata v JEF United, and Sendai v Oita (17:25 to 42:25). After that, there's a look far ahead into the future to preview the playoff semi finals (42:25 to 58:00), and then it's time to elect the final Most Bravo Player of the regular season (58:00 to end).   Thanks as always for your support of JTET, JTSC, and the J-Talk Podcast! Join the JLeague chat Discord server here: https://discord.gg/p6PVbF9E Join the J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/jtalkpod

Dealing with sleep apnea isn't just a nuisance; it's a life-threatening condition. After being diagnosed two years ago and witnessing my mother's tragic stroke, I've taken my sleep health seriously.  In this video, I share a tier list of conservative measures I've tried—from CPAP machines to myofunctional therapy—all aimed at improving sleep quality and reducing apnea symptoms. Join me as I delve into each method's pros and cons, backed by both science and personal experience, to help you find hope and solutions for better sleep.

So the year 649 was so bad that they went and changed the whole calendar to forget about it!  In 650 a white pheasant is brought to the court, and they sieze on that as a chance to rename the era from Taika to Hakuchi.  That should make things better, right? This episode we talk about this event--their reasoning, as well as what is recorded as having happened.  We also take a look at the completion of the Ajifu no Miya and how it was renamed to the Naniwa no Toyosaki no Nagara no Miya, or the Toyosaki Nagara Palace of Naniwa.  This is thought to be what we know today as the Early Naniwa Palace, and it was a real change, and, in many ways, the physical manifestation of the Taika era reforms. For photos and more, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-113 Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 113: The White Pheasant.   The officials of the court stood sentinel at the palace gates, a formidable line of authority draped in flowing, vibrant robes that signified their rank. Each step down the line revealed a cascade of colors, a living tapestry of power and prestige. Only the envoys from distant shores stood apart, their unique uniforms adding an exotic flair to the proceedings, as well as a certain legitimacy as outside witnesses.   The air crackled with anticipation as the crowd waited, their breath held, until four figures emerged, bearing aloft a magnificent litter adorned with intricate decorations that shimmered as they caught the sun's rays.   Upon that litter rested a cage, and within it,a dazzling white pheasant, plucked from the untamed wilds of Anato. Whispers rippled through the throng; some questioned the significance of this fragile creature, while others dared to see it as a divine omen. Was this bird as pure as the tales had promised? The capital had buzzed with rumors ever since its unexpected arrival, and those in the back stretched their necks, desperate for a glimpse of this rare marvel.   The past year had cast a shadow over the Yamato court, leaving the air thick with uncertainty. Yet, this ethereal bird, shimmering with the promise of renewal, seemed to herald a shift—an opportunity for rebirth that everyone craved.  At the very least it was a much needed distraction from everything that had previously occurred.   As the litter glided past, the courtiers bowed deeply in reverence, forming two disciplined lines that followed through the grand gates. Together, they marched into the palace, hearts pounding with hope. They were not just entering a building; they were stepping into a new era, one that, with a whisper of fate, could rise above the struggles of the past.     This episode we kick off the start of a new era—the Hakuchi era, or the era of the White Pheasant.  It followed the Taika era, and it does have a different feel.  It is less about new edicts and more about how things were shaking out and coming together.  And one of the things that was coming together was the Nagara no Toyosaki palace, which is believed to be the same one known to archaeologists as the “Early Naniwa Palace” unearthed in Ohosaka and dated to the mid-7th century.  We'll actually start with a look at this palace, continuing our discussion from last episode, as our sovereign, Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, seems to have been a bit crazy about all of his palaces, and figuring out just which is which can be an issue in and of itself. We'll also touch on the start of this new era, and look at why and what it meant to come up with a new era name—a new “nengou”—in the middle of a reign like this.  And so we catch ourselves at the start of the year 650, still, technically, in the Taika era.  The year started well enough, with the sovereign celebrating the new year at the Ajifu palace and then coming straight back—the Ajifu palace was apparently yet another new palace and it seems construction had only recently begun.  Now, There is some confusion between the Ajifu palace and the Toyosaki palace.  The Ajifu palace is traditionally thought to have been located on the opposite side o f the Yodo river, in the area of modern Settsu city, on the site of what became the Ajifu Shrine.  Others have suggested that it was actually on the Kanimachi plateau, which is where the Toyosaki palace was.  Notably the “Toyosaki” palace is not located anywhere near the modern area of “Toyosaki” with which it seems to share a name.  From what little information we have, it seems to have been quite the complex.  As to why he would need yet another palace, I could not say.  And yet, later we see that the Ajifu Palace is eventually named the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  So are they one and the same?  Did they move the Toyosaki Palace?  Or did they build the Toyosaki Palace and then *rebuild* it as the Ajifu Palace—aka the Nagara Toyosaki Palace? At this point the way that the Chronicles talk about it, the Ajifu palace site seems to have been almost purely conceptual, while previous accounts seem to indicate that the Toyosaki Palace was already in use.  That would have made for an interesting New Year's celebration, probably in temporary buildings erected quickly amongst the grass and fields, with some nearby tomb mounds that would need to be leveled or moved to make room, we are later told.  It seems they were still surveying the site, but I guess Karu really was looking for a change.  And so he celebrated the new year at the Ajifu palace, but quickly returned back to wherever the work of the government was actually occurring. As to where that was, well, we talked last episode about all of Karu's meanderings from one palace to the other.  The Nihon Shoki text itself is not exactly clear, as I read it.  It doesn't help that the term for palace, or “miya”, appears to refer to both a complex and a single residence, without a clear distinction given between the two.  And so, though I mentioned it last episode, let's recap what we know about the palaces this reign. So in 645, we are told that Karu decided upon Naniwa and we are told that this is the “Toyosaki” palace.  Then in 646, Karu took up residence in the “detached” palace of Koshiro in Sayabe, Naniwa.  This was likely him repurposing the Miyake, the government offices with the royal granaries.  He was only there for about two months, though, before he returned.  Then, in the third month of 646, he issues an amnesty claiming to have taken up residence in the new palace—but we aren't told which one. In 647, two years into the reign, the government offices at Wogohori are torn down and a palace was built there.  Now this is somewhat confusing because there appear to be two government districts:  Wogohori and Ohogohori.  You'll probably notice how similar these two sound, though it may have been more like “wogopori” and “opogopori”. Back in the day.  Wo-gohori, or the “Small District”, is mentioned once, but mainly just as a place name.  Ohogohori, or the “Big District” has previously shown up as the place with government offices for the envoys from overseas.   Confusing matters, in a later entry, Karu eventually moves out of the palace at Oho-gohori and into the palace that would be known as the Nagara Toyosaki palace.  So was he at Wogohori and then later at Ohogohori?  Or was there some scribal error such that the two got confused? And then in 648 we are told that Karu moved into the Toyosaki palace in Naniwa.  Two years later, in 650, and he is now celebrating New Year's at the Ajifu palace, which may refer to a location on the other side of the Yodo river, but is likely in the spot we now think of as the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  We then know that in 651 they were still building a palace.  And it isn't until the last day of 651 that Karu would formally move from Ohogori into the Ajifu palace, which we are told was then renamed the Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya---the Nagara Toyosaki Palace. I have several thoughts on all of this.  One, is that there may have been two “Toyosaki” palaces—there was the Toyosaki palace that he first moved into, and then there is the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  “Nagara” appears to mean something like “Long Handle”, but other than that, I don't know that there is a good translation.  It may refer to the fact that it was meant to last longer, or that it was even larger than the previous palace.  It may even be that the original Toyosaki Palace was just a few of the buildings, and that eventually it grew into the larger Nagara Toyosaki Palace, but if that is the case, what is up with term “Ajifu”?  Was that just one building in the larger palace?  Or are earlier mentions of “Toyosaki” anachronistic, and perhaps it wasn't until the entire thing was complete that they gave it that name?  Many modern accounts appear to conflate the Toyosaki palace with the Nagara no Toyosaki Palace, saying it just took that long to build.  That would imply that the Ajifu palace really was there on the Kamimachi plateau, at the known Naniwa palace site.  Alternatively, “Nagara” could possibly have been a reference to the fact that the Ajifu palace was an extension of the larger Toyosaki complex, possibly built out of the government offices of either Wogohori or Ohogohori. For all that we don't know exactly what was happening here, we have a pretty good idea in the archaeological record about at least one of the palace sites on the Kamimachi plateau.  This site has been identified as the Toyosaki palace of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, and it would actually be reused at a later date.  Sure enough, there are remains of at least two palace complexes on the site, with the one from our period known as the “Early Naniwa Palace” site. Based on its size and layout, this Early Naniwa palace was the first of its kind.  Previous palaces in Asuka had not dissimilar designs in terms of the general arrangement, but this clearly made use of the structure of continental style palace complexes, and was likely intended to be a new, permanent capital. The north of the palace complex consisted of a rectangular, walled section 185 meters east to west and 200 meters north to south, making up the “dairi”.  That's almost 10 acres of enclosed space, set aside as the sovereign's personal living quarters. South of that was a smaller area with the front hall, one of the largest for its time.  It was 36 meters east to west and 19 meters north to south.  This would have been the hall called the “Daigokuden” in later palaces, where official rituals would take place.  There was a gate between it and the Dairi, to the north, as well as a gate to the south, flanked by two octagonal buildings, which led to the Chodoin, the main working area of the court complex. This is part of what sets this palace apart from others, and why it likely took a while to build.  It may also explain all the different palace names as there was probably a lot of construction for a long time.  In previous instances, as far as we can tell, the sovereign's palace was both their home and the building where state business was conducted.  Think, perhaps, of the White House, in the US, and then imagine that the White House, the Capitol Building, and the Supreme Court were all part of the same compound, with only the barest of concessions to privacy between them.  In this new layout, the dairi was reserved to the sovereign, there was a small area for the official throne room, and then south of that was the Chodoin, the court hall complex. This was a huge change to how things had operated in the past.  While the main audience hall was still nominally part of the dairi, so the “private” areas of the palace weren't entirely “private”, it was still leaps and bounds more separated than in the previous palaces we've uncovered.  Sure, the idea of lining up buildings from the front gate to the larger buildings towards the back, making people approach successively larger and more impressive buildings, generally seems to have been a thing as far back as the Makimuku Palace near Mt. Miwa, back in the third century, but even then, there is no clearly defined separation between the public and private spaces of the sovereign.  There does seem to have been restrictions on who could enter what parts of the compound, with the sovereign's personal quarters being the most restricted, but now there were walls and gates and guards separating one area from another. The Chodoin itself, the main “business” or “public” area of the court, appears to have been about 262.8 meters north to south and 233.6 meters east to west—a little over 15 acres.  Most of that was open space between the 14 “choudou” halls lined up symmetrically, 7 on either side.  These were the individual buildings where the various government officials were to meet and conduct business, as well as conduct rituals, feasts, etc.  There was a southern gate that provided the entrance to the Chodoin and led to another large area with the Choshuden, the buildings where officials could change into and out of their formal court uniforms, and otherwise prepare for or close out the day.  South of that was the main gate for the entire compound, the Suzaku gate, named for Suzaku, the red bird of the south, one of the four directional guardian spirits. We know the buildings largely from their post holes.  They were made of wood, and it is likely that most of them were thatched.  They may have been painted white, vermillion, and green—classic paints that were based on continental styles and which were said to help prevent the wooden pillars from rotting too quickly.  It is unsurprising that this would have taken years—but it is also possible that they built some quarters for the sovereign and then built out from there.  This also would have been key to a lot of the governmental reforms, providing an actual location for the work that the reforms were directing. Of course, there was a lot of work to be done, and the halls in the palace were limited, so two areas to the east and west of the complex were set aside and appear to have been built up with other government offices, suitable for carrying out the day to day minutiae that was required. There is still a question of whether or not they also instituted the larger grid system city layout around the palace complex.  Currently we have no evidence for that, though perhaps they were considering it, eventually.  Unfortunately, with all of the construction in Osaka over time, I don't know if we could be able to find or discern such a layout if we did find it.  For now, we will stick with what we know:  an absolute unit of a court complex that took them several years to build. Getting back to the Chronicles: Our next entry in the Nihon Shoki, after the New Years celebration, tells us that in the second month, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato Province, brought a white pheasant to the court.  The report claimed that it had been caught by Nihe, a relative of Obito, the Kuni no Miyatsuko of Anato, on the 9th day of the first month, on Mt. Wonoyama. For reference, the land of Anato was at the far western end of Honshu, part of the San'yodo, itself a designation for the lands along the Seto Inland Sea coast from Harima, modern Hyogo prefecture, out to Anato, modern Yamaguchi prefecture.  It was on the Honshu side of the Shimonoseki strait, which was the main entrance from the Korean Strait and the Japan Sea to the Seto Inland Sea.  The area would later be known as Nagato, which would eventually be called Choshu, an area which any students of the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate are sure to recognize. We discussed back in Episode 94 how white or albino animals—assuming they weren't normally white—were considered particularly auspicious.  So in 598, the land of Koshi sent a white deer they had found to the court of Kashikiya Hime, which is to say Suiko Tenno.  And so the white pheasant from Anato was clearly seen as an omen—but was it truly auspicious.  Here we see the court investigating this, and how exactly they go about that is somewhat enlightening as to how the court thought in general. First, they made inquiry of the lords of Baekje—I would suspect this referred to those recognized as Baekje nobility residing in the archipelago, rather than sending a correspondence to the peninsula and back.  That they went to someone from Baekje would seem to indicate the importance they placed on Baekje as a conduit for continental learning.  Indeed, the answer they got back—whether from a single, unnamed individual or a group of Baekje nobility—was that White Pheasants were recorded in the 11th year of Yongping, which would be 68 CE to us, during the reign of Ming of the later Han dynasty.  Han Mingdi, aka Emperor Ming of Han was born Liu Yang and also known as Liu Zhang, reigned from 57 to 75 CE.  Ming and his son, Emperor Zhang oversaw a period of particular prosperity for the Eastern Han dynasty.  On the other hand, there was an attempt to curse Emperor Ming in 67 CE, which ended with the death of the ambitious Prince Jing of Guanglin.  Then, in 70, Prince Ying of Chu was also convicted of using magic to try and secure blessings while he fomented revolution against the emperor, and he was exiled, where he committed suicide.  So I don't know if this marks the pheasant as particularly auspicious or not. Asking the Buddhist priests, who frequently studied not just Buddhist canon, but other continental texts, they mostly drew a blank—at least on the specifics of a white pheasant.  They did recommend that a general amnesty would not be amiss, as it would bring joy to the people.  I guess if you aren't sure about the nature of an omen you can certainly do something to help it out. And while they weren't specifically sure about a white pheasant in Buddhist scripture, a couple of priests did have suggestions. The Priest Doutou recounted a story from Goguryeo, when the court there wished to build a new Buddhist temple, but could not divine a suitable and auspicious site.  When someone witnessed a white deer, they chose that spot for the temple, which was then called the Temple of the Park of the White Deer.  According to Doutou, this temple established Buddhism in Goguryeo. Furthermore, he recounted, when a white sparrow was seen on the farmstead of another temple, or when a dead crow with three legs had been brought back from the Tang dynasty, the people had proclaimed both of these to be good omens.  So given all of that, Priest Doutou concluded, a white pheasant must be especially auspicious. The Priest Bin agreed.  Bin, you may recall, had been heavily relied upon for his knowledge in setting up the new governmental structure, which would seem to indicate that he was quite well-versed in continental ideas, and he had even traveled there himself.  He provided the court several different reasons that a white pheasant might appear. First, it might appear when a ruler extended his influence to all four quarters. Second, it might appear when the sovereign's sacrifices are appropriate, and when his banquets and clothing are in due measure. Third, it might appear when the sovereign cultivates frugality. Finally, it might appear when the sovereign was humane. He didn't provide any specific examples of how he arrived as his conclusions—at least nothing was recorded—and so he may have been relying on his own expertise.  However, he did recount one tale in particular.  It was a story from the time of Emperor Cheng Wang of the Zhou dynasty.  Cheng Wang is said to have reigned in the 11th century BCE, from 1042 to 1021, and so take that how you will.  Important to us is not what happened so much as what the Yamato court believed had happened—what was the historical truth that they were workin with at the time? According to Bin, during Cheng Wang's reign, the Yuehshang family brought a white pheasant to the court.  Apparently it had been three years without any exceptional storms or rains, and neither the rivers nor seas had flooded.  Apparently the old men found this an extremely long time to go without some kind of disaster, indicating that the pheasant was clearly an auspicious omen in deed. Priest Bin also mentioned other accounts, but the Chroniclers omitted them from the record. Whatever they were, the court had heard enough.  The White Pheasant was declared auspicious, and a new era was declared:  the Hakuchi, or White Pheasant, era.  They let the white pheasant loose in the royal garden, presumably with clipped wings or otherwise kept from flying off, and then preparations were made  immediately to officially inaugurate the new era 6 days later, on the 15th day of the 2nd month of 650. Before we get into that, though, I want to pause and take a look at something here:  The authority of precedent.  Time, as conceived of in the continental model, was cyclical.  There was the cycle of day and night.  The cycle of the year and the repeating seasons.  Likewise the planets and heavens all had their own cyclical periods.  In addition, there was the idea that the Yin and Yang forces in the universe likewise cycled through predictable patterns—the sexagenary cycle, or cycle of 60 years, being an example of a longer term cycle.  And then there was the Buddhist cycle or death and rebirth, at least as long as one remained tied to this mortal plane of existence. If time is cyclical, then one can look to the past to predict the present.   Stories of the past were seen as holding authority over similar events in the present.  Understanding these historical stories and being able to pull from them provided its own kind of power and authority.  Rather than attempting to reason from first principles, precedent was often a more convincing argument. Being able to read and write and recall all of these stories gave scholars the ability to influence events.  Of course, who had time to do all that other than people like Buddhist priests or the doctors of the court? This is also one of the reasons that people would have had to write down histories and, eventually, to keep diaries and accounts of what happened.  Those accounts would, over time, become essential records to invoke for moments like this—and even a record like the Nihon Shoki or the Kojiki would have similar significance.  In many ways, it is propaganda, but not just in how it describes the past as the Chroniclers wished it to be, but it set the precedent for succeeding eras to look back on.  While we may challenge that view, today, for many from the 8th century onward the events described in the Nihon Shoki were considered the gospel truth in more ways than one. Of course, all that aside, we've had plenty of auspicious events before, but why, now, would they be enough to trigger a new era?  Why not just note them and move on? Well, to start with, let's face it, nobody is likely to name 649 as the greatest year ever, any time soon, and certainly not the Yamato court.  The Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, had been tricked into thinking that his co-conspirator, Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro, was a traitor.  To be fair, Maro had been more than complicit in the murderous takedown of his own relatives to set up the current government, and history has time and again suggested that those who put someone on the throne can just as easily take them off it.  That's why they are often either brought deeper into the inner circle, or removed—either physically or more euphemistically.  In this case, though, it seems that fears of Naka no Oe and others were unjustified, and they sent the royal troops after an innocent man; or at least a man as innocent as any of the other elites at that time.  After all, the wealth of the elites came from the rice fields that they owned—or that were at least designated for their stipends—and they certainly weren't working those fields themselves, so make of that what you will. All of that had led to the death of Maro, his family, and the rest of his household.  That, in turn, led to the death of his daughter, Miyatsuko Hime, who was married to Naka no Oe himself.  When they finally did realize what had happened, the best justice they could figure out was to send the scandal-mongering Soga no Musa out to Tsukushi in a form of luxurious banishment.  Demotion by promotion, as he was made the Viceroy of Tsukushi, the top man of the court at the edge of the archipelago. To say that the year 649 had been a bust is an understatement.  Don't get me wrong, it was a far cry from the worst year that the archipelago had ever experienced—or would in the future, for that matter.  But that was scant comfort to the folks living in it. And so it was with some relief, I suspect, that the court welcomed news from the far flung land of Anato, because they really needed a distraction. With that in mind, let us move on to the events of the 15th day of the 2nd month of the year 650, describing how they inaugurated the new era.  Now, if the Chronicles are to be believed, this is not the first time they inaugurated a new era—we are told that year 645 was considered the first year of Taika, or Great Change.  But, assuming that did happen, and that it wasn't just named after the fact, the era would have started at the same time as a new reign.  Previously, from everything we can tell, dates were based regnal years.  Things are recorded as happening in the X year of Y sovereign.  Some of the oldest accounts seem to even note it more as X year of the sovereign who reigned from the Y palace, as the palace was likely more distinct a feature than the names and titles that they used, and the posthumous names, like “Koutoku Tennou” were not actually used until the end of the 7th or early 8th century. It is possible that Hakuchi is actually the first true nengo—or era name—and the first one that appears in the middle of a reign—though even here some say that the instantiation of “Hakuchi” is anachronistic. Personally, I see no harm in taking it at face value, at least for now, while acknowledging that everything in the Nihon Shoki is suspect.  Still, we are approaching a time when the events being written down may have still been in the living memory of people alive at that time.  720 is only 70 years away, and the project started even before then, so unless there are obvious discrepancies or supernatural events, we can probably assume that the Chronicles at this point are largely truthful, if possibly embellished. And so it is we are told of what happened.  To begin with, the court lined the ministers of the left and right and all of the functionaries in four lines outside the “purple” gate, as they would during a New Year's reception, like the one they had just had at the Ajifu palace.  The “Purple” gate was probably a reference to the southern gate The fact that the courtiers lined up at the south gate in the same way that they would have during a New Year's reception would seem to indicate that this was seen as the start of a new year.  It was no longer a Taika year—starting on that day it was now the first year of Hakuchi.  The month and day would not change, however, so it was still the 15th day of the 2nd month.  That means that technically the first year of Hakuchi would only have ten and a half months in the year—maybe eleven and a half, if there was an extranumerary month.  Likewise, the last year of Taika would only have one and a half months.  And if you are thinking that must make Japanese dates really tricky around the start or end of year, you don't know the half of it.  Sometimes events will get placed in the wrong “era” because they happened a few months before or after the change, and people forget that when they are translating to and from western dates.  It also means era names can't just give you the years of the era, but really need to give you the month and date it starts and ends.  Fortunately, most people are quite understanding about the occasional mistake.  But anyway, I digress. The courtiers were lined up as though for new years, and then they watched as Ahata no Omi no Ihimushi and three others bore a litter with the pheasant on it and went ahead through the gates.  The others followed in rank order—with the Ministers of the Left and Right leading the various functionaries.  The Baekje prince Pungjang and his uncle, Sesyeong Chyungseung, whom we mentioned back in Episodes 105 and 107, as well as Mochi, the physician to the King of Goguryeo, a scholar attached to the court of Silla, along with other important persons all advanced as well into the Central court of the palace. The pheasants litter was taken up by Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, Wina no Kimi no Takami, Miwa no Kimi no Mikaho, and Ki no Omi no Maro, who brought it to the front of the hall.  There, the ministers of the left and right then took the front of the litter, while the Prince of Ise, Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, and Kura no Omi no Woguso took hold of the rear.  Together, they placed it in front of the throne.  The sovereign, Kura, and the Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, examined the pheasant together. The Crown Prince then backed away, and the new Minister of the Left, Kose no Omi, presented a congratulatory address. He gave thanks to the sovereign and claimed that the pheasant was a sign that the sovereign would rule for one thousand autumns and ten thousand years across the Great Eight Islands—the Ohoyashima—of the archipelago and the four quarters of the earth.  Effectively, this is a long-winded version of “Banzai”, the congratulatory wish of ten thousand years of life for an emperor. Karu responded to this address by quoting auspicious times that white animals had been omens of good rule.  He then gave credit to the ministers and functionaries, and urged them to continue to provide good service.  Then he declared a general amnesty, forgiving various offenses, and noted that the era name would change to “Hakuchi”. Karu then directed presents to be handed out to the Ministers, the Daibu, the officials of lower rank, all the way down to the clerks.  Each received gifts commensurate with their rank.  Finally, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato, was commended, and granted the rank of Daisen along with what we are told were a goodly number of presents.  In addition, the commuted taxes and corvees of Anato were remitted for three years, meaning that Anato would be allowed to keep all of the rice and product for themselves—something that was likely quite significant, though it is unclear whether this means that it was felt down at the level of basic workers or it just meant that the governor was able to keep what he taxed from the people for himself. And with that, we enter a new era.  Forget the unfortunate bloodshed and regrettable decisions of the previous year, this was a new start.  And that is often how these eras were seen.  Whether it was a new reign or things were just going so poorly that the court felt there needed to be a new start, future nengo would often follow a similar pattern.   And there was no set time for how long an era would last.  In fact, here's a little trivia for you:  The shortest nengo in Japanese history was “Ryakunin”, and it lasted just under two and a half months from late 1238 to the start of 1239.  It really shows how important it was to come up with a good name of these eras, as “ryakunin”, which seems to mean something like “humane period”, could also be written with characters meaning “abbreviated person”.  So they decided to abbreviate the era, instead, changing the era name again. This first year of the new era of Hakuchi continued relatively normally.  In the fourth month there were envoys from Silla—another source, according to the Nihon Shoki, claimed that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla sent envoys every year from this reign onward.  Then, in the tenth month, we see more work being done on the palace—presumably the Ajifu palace.  We are told that presents were given out in respect to tombs that had been demolished to make room for the new construction, as well as for the people who had been moved off their land.  Then Aratawi no Atahe no Hirafu was sent to place the boundary posts, no doubt marking out the outer extremities of the new palace precincts. In addition, that month work began—no doubt at the court's direction—on a giant tapestry, or mandala, with a sixteen foot tall Buddha image, attendant Boddhisatvas, and figures of all eight classes of beings according to the Buddhist cosmology.  That includes Heavenly beings, such as Devas; dragons; demonic Yaksha, Gandharva, and Asura; the bird-like Garuda and Kimnara; and the snake-like Mahoraga.  All told, there were some 46 figures.  It doesn't seem to say where it was to be installed, though it may have been made for the new palace complex. Also in that year we are told that the court ordered Aya no Yamaguchi no Atahe no Ohoguchi to carve one thousand images of Buddha—but once again, we aren't told where they resided.  We do know that the 16 foot tall embroidered Buddha was completed in the 3rd month of 651: it had taken them approximately five months.  The day after they were completed, the Dowager Queen, Takara no Himemiko, aka the former sovereign, Kougyoku Tennou, who had stepped down in 645, invited ten Buddhist teachers and prepared a feast and entertainment, likely to bless and show off the completed images. At the end of 651, the palace itself was finally complete.  We are told that over 2100 priests were invited to the Ajifu palace to read the Issaikyo on  the last day of the year.  The Issaikyo is the entirety of the Buddhsit canon, and so this was probably done in the abbreviated tendoku style, with priests just reading the chapter headings and flipping through the sutras, though with 2100 it is possible they just each red a different portion, all at the same time.  As it grew dark, the palace courtyard was kept bright with 2700 lights while we are told that the Antaku and Dosoku sutras were read.  Aston notes that these “sutras” of Antaku and Dosoku don't appear to reference any actual sutras that we know of, and posits that they may simply be rituals for home safety and the like.  Given what we know about the fate of so many of these old wooden palaces, it makes sense. After the sutras were read, the sovereign, Karu, formally moved from his residence in Ohogohori into the new palace, which was called Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya.  As I noted at the beginning, it is unclear if this was the Ohogohori or Wogohori, and it is even somewhat murky as to whether or not it was considered a palace.  Not to mention that after the New Year's ceremonies were completed, the royal chariot—which would have been carrying the sovereign—went back to Ohogohori.  I guess things weren't quite ready yet.  He would return on the 9th day of the third month, and even then we don't see a note that the palace was completed until the 9th month of 652.. There is a lot here where we see things that appear to be scheduled so that they can occur on auspicious days, even if everything else isn't quite ready.  So, for example, reading the sutras and formally “moving” into the palace on the last day of the year so that one could host the New Year's celebration there the next day.  That seems like something that was done purely for ceremonial purposes.  You may recall that in 650 they did the same thing. There are a few more references to the palace.  On the 15th of the 4th month of 652, the Buddhist ascetic E'on was invited into the Dairi to explain the Muryouju Sutra, also known as the Sukhavati Vyuha sutra.  E'on was made a lecturer, and there were said to be 1,000 ascetics in the audience, listening to his teachings.  That apparently went on for five days, being discontinued on the 20th day.  And the power of the sutras, and E'on's teachings, is shown in the weather, because the Chronicles claim that large rains began to fall in a monsoon that lasted for nine days.  This wasn't a gentle “water your crops” kind of rain.  This was more like a “demolish your buildings and destroy your fields” kind of rain.  There must have been massive flooding as men, horses, and cattle were caught up in the water and drowned. Given the way this is written, I'm not entirely certain of the takeaway.  Were the sutras that powerful that they brought rain, and E'on didn't understand his own strength?  Or was it a punishment for stopping E'on from continuing his lecture?  Or was it the rains that caused the lectures to stop, perhaps making it untennable for people to sit out in the courtyard and listen as the rains came down?  My rational brain suspects the latter, but I'm not sure how it was read by the people of the 8th century. On the last day of 652, priests and nuns from around the country were invited to the dairi, to the interior of the palace, and entertained and given a feast.  Alms were given and lights kindled to celebrate the new year. But that's the last entry I really see for the palace, as such.  There was plenty more happening through the era, and we'll touch on that.  We start to see Silla and Tang dynasty getting chummy, and we also see some of the reforms still working their way across the land.  We also have Yamato's own expeditions out to the Great Tang dynasty.  But we'll save that for the next episode, as we continue to dive into the Hakuchi era. And so, until next time, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

The Eyes We Need | John 4:13-14 | Kirk Yamaguchi | Mile High Vineyard

En este episodio te contamos la fascinante y poco conocida historia de Tsutomu Yamaguchi, el único hombre oficialmente reconocido por sobrevivir a las dos bombas atómicas lanzadas sobre Japón al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este ingeniero japonés tuvo el dudoso privilegio de encontrarse tanto en Hiroshima como en Nagasaki en el momento exacto de las explosiones nucleares. A pesar de las graves quemaduras y la altísima radiación recibida, Yamaguchi logró sobrevivir y se convirtió en un símbolo de los horrores de la era atómica, dedicando el resto de su larga vida al activismo antinuclear. Acompáñanos en este viaje a uno de los capítulos más oscuros de la historia del siglo XX para conocer una historia personal de supervivencia que desafía toda lógica y probabilidad. ¿Buena suerte, mala suerte, destino o milagro? Tú decides. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

This is Jim's moment to shine! The almost inevitable moment has come as Andy and Jim talk about a sake brewery close to Jim's heart: Sakai Shuzo, home of iconic Yamaguchi label Gokyo. Learn about the brewery's history, philosophy, and the unique ties between it and the local community… And, of course, the delicious sake that comes from them all. Listen along and imagine yourself sipping hiyaoroshi under the maple leaves along the lazy Nishiki River in this hyper-local episode of Sake Deep Dive. Vocabulary Kioke　木桶 - A wooden vessel, in this case a fermentation tank. Usually made of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood. Sotoji 総杜氏 - “Head toji,” a term used for breweries that have more than one facility headed up by a toji. The one toji to lead them all. Nishiki 錦 - Silk brocade, specifically, but often a term used to give a nuance of luxury, excess, or “fanciness.” Sometimes also pronounced “Kin” Obi 帯 - A kimono sash or strip/band of land. Sometimes also “Tai” Kintaikyo 錦帯橋 - The famous five-arched wooden bridge over the Nishiki River. Could be translated “Sash of silk brocade.” 　 Recommendations: Andy - Gokyo Saitonoshizuku Daiginjo Jim - Gokyo Josen Futsushu / Gokyo Kiokezukuri Junmaishu Don't forget to support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/SakeDeepDive  Also, check out Andy's new sake tours at: https://www.originsaketours.com/  And buy Jim's book, Discovering Yamaguchi Sake wherever you order your books (print and ebook available)! Our theme music is from  Lotus Lane by The Loyalist - Preconceived Notions Available at https://soundcloud.com/preconceived-notions Under a  Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0 Free Download / Stream: https://bit.ly/lotus-lane Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/1YVHRMVwwHg 

Jon Steele, James Taylor and Mike Innes bring you up to date with all the latest drama in J2 and J3. In the first part of this week's episode, Jon and James talk about the relegation 6-pointer between Tochigi and Kagoshima (start to 10:45), the Shizuoka Derby that saw Fujieda take on Shimizu (10:45 to 21:10), and playoff rivals JEF United v Yamaguchi (21:10 to 32:55). Then they make their unsurprising choices for Most Bravo Player (32:55 to 36:40) and look ahead to the coming round of fixtures (36:40 to 44:30). Then, Mike reviews J3 matchday 29 in full in J-Talk: Short Corner (44:30 to end).   Thanks as always for your support of JTET, JTSC, and the J-Talk Podcast! Buy tickets for J-Talk Live (Saturday 12th October) at the Yokohama Football Film Festival here: https://teket.jp/6232/38395 Join the JTET/JTSC Discord server here: https://discord.gg/p6PVbF9E Join the J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/jtalkpod

There's no rest for the wicked, so although J1 took a break for international football, J2 and J3 continued apace, and James Taylor, Jon Steele and Mike Innes have all the latest from Japan's 2nd and 3rd tiers. James and Jon begin by talking about Shimizu v Nagasaki (start to 09:40), Yamaguchi v Tokushima (09:40 to 17:30), and Kagoshima v Iwaki (17:30 to 27:35), then make their picks for Most Bravo Player (27:35 to 34:00) and preview upcoming league and cup games (34:00 to 43:35). Then, as ever, Mike Innes brings you a full and frank review of all the J3 games in J-Talk: Short Corner (43:35 to end).   Thanks as always for your support of JTET, JTSC, and the J-Talk Podcast! Buy tickets for J-Talk Live at the Yokohama Football Film Festival here: https://teket.jp/6232/38395 Join the JTET/JTSC Discord server here: https://discord.gg/p6PVbF9E Join the J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/jtalkpod

Family Mess 14 | Genesis 41-50 | Kirk Yamaguchi | Mile High Vineyard

JTET co-hosts James Taylor and Jon Steele were reunited after a couple of months for a review of J2 round 27, focusing on three games in particular: Yamagata v Nagasaki (03:50 to 13:45), JEF United v Iwaki (13:45 to 21:45), and Fujieda v Yamaguchi (21:45 to 27:45). The match analysis was followed by Most Bravo Player selections (27:45 to 32:10) and a preview of the round 28 fixtures (32:10 to 41:05). After that, Mike Innes returns with a full review of J3 round 24 in J-Talk: Short Corner (41:05 to end).   Thanks as always for your support of JTET, JTSC, and the J-Talk Podcast! Buy tickets for J-Talk Live at the Yokohama Football Film Festival here: https://teket.jp/6232/38395 Join the JTET/JTSC Discord server here: https://discord.gg/p6PVbF9E Join the J-Talk Podcast Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/jtalkpod

On JTET this week, Jon Steele was joined by special guest Daniel Kuroda (co-host of the Nagasaki-centric ViviCast) to look back on last weekend's biggest J2 talking points. The boys started with a deep dive into the big Yokohama FC v Nagasaki game at Mitsuzawa (04:15 to 27:25), and also discussed Yamaguchi v Tochigi (27:30 to 37:30) and Oita v Kumamoto (37:30 to 43:20). After that, Jon and Daniel nominated their Most Bravo Players for the round (43:20 to 48:30), and previewed the upcoming Round 27 matches (48:30 to 53:30). There was also time for a quick chat about the Emperor's Cup Round of 16 from a J2 standpoint (53:30 to Finish). We hope everyone enjoys the show! *As mentioned again on the pod this week, here is Jonny Nicol's superb scouting report on Kota Kawano: https://gambaosakaenglishblog.wordpress.com/2024/08/05/scouting-report-kota-kawano/ *Ryo Nakagawara also has a great report on another impressive Yamaguchi performer, Kaili Shimbo, here: https://www.shogunsoccer.com/p/shogun-soccer-scouting-4-kaili-shimbo *JTET Discord link: https://discord.gg/Y27tEKcV

Kris and David are guestless as we discuss the week that was August 7-13, 1998. Topics of discussion include:WCW Road Wild featuring Jay Leno teaming up with Diamond Dallas Page against Hulk Hogan and Eric Bischoff, including all of the insanity surrounding that match, plus the rest of that show, which was one of the worst PPV's of all time.Running through Nitro and Thunder, which were filled with wackiness as you would expect.Rick Martel officially retires from wrestling due to an injury suffered during his brief WCW run…but not the injury you're thinking of.Lots of backstage issues in WCW that should come as no shock to anyone.New Japan running a big Osaka Dome show featuring Masahiro Chono winning the IWGP Heavyweight Title for the first time plus Yuji Nagata's return from his excursion to WCW.Ayako Hamada making her wrestling debut.The cat and mouse game regarding the Sandman's status in ECW.The WWF getting into the hospitality business by buying the old Debbie Reynolds Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas while also eyeing a spot in Times Square for an eventual theme restaurant, all over a year before the company went public.The awfulness of Shane McMahon's color commentary on Sunday Night Heat.John Wayne Bobbitt appearing by Val Venis's side as he dumps Mrs. Yamaguchi in one of many crazy moments on this week's episode of Raw.This is a crazy-assed show with a lot of stuff going on, so you don't want to miss this one!!!Timestamps:0:00:00 WCW1:55:47 Eurasia: NJPW, BJPW, FMW, Kurisu Gym, Michinoku Pro, SPWF, UNW, Punch Tahara Wedding Reception, AJW, Arsion, GAEA, JWP, & NWA UK2:26:52 Classic Commercial Break2:31:03 Halftime3:18:20 Other North America: Stampede, AAA, CMLL, IWRG, & Tijuana3:33:33 Other USA: NWA NY, ECW, IPW (PA), All-Star (NC), NDW, IWAMS, Power Pro, CWF (Louisiana), & APW4:06:03 WWFTo support the show and get access to exclusive rewards like special members-only monthly themed shows, go to our Patreon page at Patreon.com/BetweenTheSheets and become an ongoing Patron. Becoming a Between the Sheets Patron will also get you exclusive access to not only the monthly themed episode of Between the Sheets, but also access to our new mailbag segment, a Patron-only chat room on Slack, and anything else we do outside of the main shows!If you're looking for the best deal on a VPN service—short for Virtual Private Network, it helps you get around regional restrictions as well as browse the internet more securely—then Private Internet Access is what you've been looking for. Not only will using our link help support Between The Sheets, but you'll get a special discount, with prices as low as $1.98/month if you go with a 40 month subscription. With numerous great features and even a TV-specific Android app to make streaming easier, there is no better choice if you're looking to subscribe to WWE Network, AEW Plus, and other region-locked services.For the best in both current and classic indie wrestling streaming, make sure to check out IndependentWrestling.tv and use coupon code BTSPOD for a free 5 day trial! (You can also go directly to TinyURL.com/IWTVsheets to sign up that way.) If you convert to a paid subscriber, we get a kickback for referring you, allowing you to support both the show and the indie scene.To subscribe, you can find us on iTunes, Google Play, and just about every other podcast app's directory, or you can also paste Feeds.FeedBurner.com/BTSheets into your favorite podcast app using whatever “add feed manually” option it has.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/between-the-sheets/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands

Night 8 of the G1 Climax 34 Is another good evening of professional wrestling, with a couple of really good matches to boot! Night 8: July 31, 2024 from KDDI Ishin Hall in Yamaguchi, Japan. B BLOCK MATCHES Yota Tsuji vs Boltin Oleg HENARE vs Yuya Uemura El Phantasmo vs Jeff Cobb Hirooki Goto vs Ren Narita Konosuke Takeshita vs David Finlay

Our four-person panel explains Japan's economic boom, from growing GDP to corporate sector vibrancy, and which upward trends will sustain.----- Transcript -----Chetan Ahya: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Chetan Ahya, Morgan Stanley's Chief Asia Economist.Japan is undergoing a once in a generation transformation. A country once associated with its lost decades is now seeing multi-decade highs for nominal GDP growth and equity indices.On this special episode of the podcast, we will discuss why we are so optimistic on Japan's trajectory from here. I'm joined by our Chief Japan Economist Takeshi Yamaguchi, our Chief Asia and EM Strategist Jonathan Garner, and our Japan Equity Strategist Sho Nakazawa.This episode was recorded last Friday, May 31st at 9 am in Hong Kong.Jonathan Garner: And 9 am in Singapore. Takeshi Yamaguchi: And 10 am in Tokyo. Chetan Ahya: Japan's nominal GDP growth reached a 32 year high in 2023. Equity markets have reached multi decade highs, and ROE and productivity growth have been on an improving trend. Corporate sector vibrancy is returning, and animal spirits are reviving. A new, stronger equilibrium is one of robust nominal GDP growth and a sustainable moderate inflation.This new equilibrium of stronger normal GDP growth and low real interest rates will also be supportive of Japan's capex trends. With that backdrop, let me now turn to Yamaguchi san. Yamaguchi-san, what makes us confident that this virtuous cycle of rising wages and prices will continue to play out?Takeshi Yamaguchi: We think Japan's social norm of no price hike, no wage hike is changing, and a good feedback loop between wages and prices is emerging. Workers demand higher wages with higher inflation expectations and the corporate management accept their demand, as they also expect higher inflation. Japan's labor market remains structurally tight and aggregated corporate profits are now at a record high level. In addition to the pass-through from prices to wages, we are beginning to see the pass-through in the other direction from wages to prices, especially in service prices. The average wage hike in these spring wage negotiations was the highest in the last 33 years. So, we expect to see a gradual rise in service inflation going ahead with a rise in wages. Chetan Ahya: Could you elaborate a bit on the details of the capex outlook? Takeshi Yamaguchi: Yes. We expect Japan's private capex to exceed its previous 1991 peak this year. In the previous deflationary period, domestic nominal GDP remained in a flat range, and Japanese firms mainly invested abroad. That said, the trend of Japanese nominal GDP growth has shifted up, which will likely positively affect Japanese firms' decision to increase domestic investment.Also, there are various other factors supporting domestic capex, such as real interest rates remaining low, the weak yen, the government's new industrial policy supporting onshoring and semiconductor investment, and the need for digitalization and labor-saving investment on the back of structural labor shortage driven by demographic shifts.Chetan Ahya: Thank you, Yamaguchi-san. And, you know, I can't let you go without answering this question, which is much of the focus of the markets right now. If yen depreciates to 160 again, how much upside risk to your rate path do you see?Takeshi Yamaguchi: Our FX team expects the yen to gradually appreciate to 146 by the end of 2024, and under the assumption, we expect one hike this year in July and another one in January next year. However, if sustained yen depreciation raises domestic underlying inflation trend, we think the BOJ will respond by raising the policy rate further to 0.75 per cent in 2025.Chetan Ahya: Thank you, Yamaguchi-san. Jonathan, let me come over to you now. You have led the debate on Japan's ROE improvement and have been bullish since 2018. How are we thinking about Japan equities from a broader Asia market allocation perspective now?Jonathan Garner: Back in 2018, we highlighted Japan equities as what we called the most underappreciated turnaround story in global equities. And at the heart of our thesis was the idea that monetary and fiscal policy dials were now set to exit deflation, driving an improved top-down environment for corporations from an asset utilization perspective.It's worth recalling that during the deflation era, Japan listed equities ROE averaged just 4.2 per cent for two decades, by far the lowest in global markets. That's now reached almost 10 per cent, and we're confident that by the end of next year we can be approaching 12 per cent, which would put Japan back in the middle of the pack in global equity markets.And we think further re-rating in line with the improved ROE is likely, over the medium term.Chetan Ahya: And how much upside do we see from here?Jonathan Garner: Well, in terms of the target price that we published in our midyear outlook, that now stands at 3,200 for June 2025 for TOPIX. And the way that we derive that is through an earnings forecast for TOPIX, which is around 5 per cent above current consensus levels.And in addition, a forward PE multiple assumption of 15 times, which is close to where the market is currently trading, and around about a 4 PE point discount to our target multiple for the S&P 500. So that gives us around 16 per cent upside versus current spot levels.Chetan Ahya: Thank you, Jonathan. And you mentioned about corporate governance changes helping Japan equity markets. Sho, let me bring you in here. How will corporate governance changes drive further improvement in Japan's ROE?Sho Nakazawa: I would say corporate governance reform, which is Tokyo Stock Exchange initiative will help fuel OE gains going forward. From the last year below 1x P/B has been a buzz word in the market, growing sense of shame and peer pressure to enhance capital efficiency for the corporate executives. And this is not just a psychological change. If we look at cumulative share buybacks amount, last fiscal year it hit a record high of ¥10 trillion, and we are seeing further record growth into this fiscal year as well.Chetan Ahya: And what are the key alpha generation themes still to pay for within Japan equities space?Sho Nakazawa: In terms of alpha generation, we explored three key themes within the Japanese equity landscape. So one, identifying companies with labor productivity and pricing power that can pay and absorb higher real wages; and two, finding the next cohort of corporate reform beneficiaries. Three, assessing the impact of NISA, Nippon Individual Saving Account, inflows.I think this will drive large cap, high-liquidity value and high dividend stock. Still plenty to play for in Japan.Chetan Ahya: Yamaguchi-san, Jonathan, Nakazawa-san, thank you all for taking the time to talk. And thanks for listening. If you enjoy the podcast, please leave us a review wherever you listen and share Thoughts on the Market with a friend or a colleague today.