Podcasts about royal proclamation

Determine firsthand if British Soldiers had served as permanent fixtures in the American Colonies before 7 Years War ended. Go behind the scenes and learn how previous conflicts paved the way for French & Indian War. Learn how British Officers & Soldiers eventually came to view both Colonial Militia Forces & Indians. Discover how many Indian People's truly felt about the British following Royal Proclamation of 1763. Get an in depth analysis behind why Pontiac's Rebellion took place. Uncover a shocking story that occurred during Pontiac's Rebellion come late June 1763 including its ramifications. Learn what other legislation Parliament enacted in 1765 being same year that Stamp Act went into law including the British Officer who ardently supported the measure. Go behind the scenes and explore which exact element played crucial to both sides achieving success involving gun powder raids. Learn what the British could and couldn't control. Agree if it's fair to say that both sides engaged in full time competition involving intelligence gathering. Learn about companionship and the uncertainties it posed. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A slightly-longer Sunday morning thought piece than usual today, but one that is well worth the effort I hope you'll discover.A reminder that:* This August I am going to the Edinburgh Fringe to do one of my “lectures with funny bits”. This one is all about the history of mining. As always, I shall be delivering it at Panmure House, where Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations. It's at 2pm most afternoons. Please come. Tickets here.* My first book and many readers' favourite, Life After the State - Why We Don't Need Government (2013), is now back in print - with the audiobook here: Audible UK, Audible US, Apple Books. I recommend the audiobook ;)Isaac Newton, who, along with William Shakespeare, Leonardo Da Vinci and Aristotle, must be one of the cleverest individuals to have ever lived, made groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, mechanics, philosophy and astronomy. The laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the reflecting telescope were among his many contributions. He was also a brilliant alchemist, obsessed with theology and biblical prophecy. As if that isn't enough, he is credited with the design of the Gold Standard, the primary monetary system of the world for over two hundred years. Today we explore how this brilliant system was accidental.In 1695, counterfeit coins accounted for more than a tenth of all English money in circulation. Massive LOL: the English used the counterfeit coins, in particular, to pay their taxes. The Exchequer that year reported no more than ten good shillings for every hundred pounds of revenue. Coin clipping was also a major problem, especially of old coins, and silver coins were disappearing from circulation altogether. Silver was worth more on the continent as bullion than it was in the UK as tender, so arbitrageurs shipped coins abroad, melted them down, and sold them for gold. Everyone from the Jews to the French was blamed, but by 1695 it was almost impossible to find legal silver in circulation. It had all been melted down and sold.This all led to a scarcity of money, which inhibited trade. More damage was caused to the English nation in just one year by bad money than “by a quarter century of bad kings, bad Ministers, bad Parliaments and bad Judges”, said the historian Thomas Babington Macaulay.King William begged the House of Commons to respond to the crisis and, seeking help, Secretary of the Treasury, William Lowndes wrote letters to England's wisest men, asking their advice: among them, philosopher John Locke, architect Sir Christopher Wren, banker Sir Josiah Child, and scientist, Sir Isaac Newton.Newton was in his mid 40s and probably not far off the peak of his powers. He had published his most famous work, the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, just eight years earlier in 1687, and it had established him as the smartest man in the country. He would now put his great mind to money.With the formation of the Bank of England the previous year, Newton had become aware of the possibilities of paper money. “If interest be not yet low enough for the advantage of trade,” he wrote, “the only proper way to lower it is more paper credit till by trading and business we can get more money.” He could see that token value and intrinsic value were not necessarily one and the same.It was also obvious to Newton that the currency criminals were rational actors. They would continue to clip, counterfeit, and sell abroad while there was profit in it. Bullion smuggling carried the death sentence, yet still it went on. Coercion alone would not be enough to stop it from happening. The market itself needed to be changed.He came up with two measures. First, to deal with the clipping, all coins minted prior to 1662 should be called in, melted down, and, using machines, re-made into coins that had a single consistent edge. With no more hand-hammered coins in circulation, clipping coins would become that much more difficult. Re-minting the entire country's coin, however, at a time of such primitive machinery, was no small undertaking. Second, to deal with the silver issue, the amount of silver in coins should be lowered so that the silver content and the face value of the coin were the same.The thought of such a devaluation went against the psyche. The idea that token value and intrinsic value might be different was alien and Newton's second proposal was not widely welcomed. There were 20 shillings to a pound, so a shilling should contain a concomitant amount of silver.  Newton may have thought that the token was more important than the silver content, but landowners and the government, which was largely made up of them, would lose 20% of their silver by Newton's proposal. In 1696 Parliament approved the recoinage, but stipulated the new coins maintain the old weights. Newton warned that the silver outflow would continue.The following year, nudged by John Locke, Charles Montague, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, sent Newton a letter notifying him that the King intended to make him Warden of the Mint. So began his new career. Perhaps the role was only intended as a sinecure, but Newton took it very seriously.Putting his chemical and mathematical knowledge to good use, Newton got the Mint's machines working and the coins minted at a speed that defied the predictions of even the boldest optimist and, as an industrial operation, Newton's recoinage was an enormous success. Newton would also have to learn the skills of a policeman—both investigator and interrogator—and he proved masterful. This ruthless enforcer of the law, oversaw numerous investigations, exposing frauds, and then prosecuting perpetrators. Poor counterfeiters had no idea what they were up against, and many were sent to the gallows for their crimes.So good at the job of Warden was Newton that, in 1699, he was promoted and made Master of the Royal Mint, and after the Union between England and Scotland in 1707, Newton directed a Scottish recoinage that would lead to a new currency for the new Kingdom of Great Britain.He had solved the clipping issue, the counterfeiting issue was vastly improved, but silver was still making its way across the Channel, just as Newton had said it would. As long as the silver content exceeded the face value of the coins, the trade would continue. By 1715, almost all of the coins that Newton had struck between 1696 and 1699 had left t he country.Newton's studies had moved on from tides, planetary motions, and pendulums to the gold markets. He drew up an extensive table of assays of foreign coins and in doing so realised that gold was cheaper in the new markets opening up in Asia than in Europe, and thus that silver was not just being sucked out of England, but out of Europe itself to India and China where it was traded for gold.Meanwhile, the world's next great gold rush had started.If you are interested in buying gold, check out my recent report. I have a feeling it is going to come in very handy in the not-too-distant future.My recommended bullion dealer is the Pure Gold Company.World gold output doublesSome time in 1694 Portuguese deserters had found alluvial gold two hundred miles inland from Rio De Janeiro in Minas Gerais in Brazil. Soon everyone was flocking there, “white, coloured, black, Amerindian, men and women; young and old; poor and rich; nobles and commoners; laymen and clergy,” said a Jesuit priest who lived in the area. By 1724, within just three decades of the discovery, world output had doubled. By 1750, 65% of global production was emanating from Brazil. The gold made its way to Lisbon, along with sugar, tobacco and other Brazilian products - similar amounts to that which the Conquistadors had sent back to Spain the previous century - and with it the Portuguese minted their moidores coins.The Portuguese used their gold to buy English cereal crops, beef and fish, woollen goods, manufactured articles, and luxuries. Portugal imported five times as much from England as it exported to it, and it used its gold to settle the difference. The moidores, which weighed slightly more than an English guinea, worth 28 shillings, actually became currency, especially in the west country, where there were more of them than local coins. “We hardly have any money,” wrote an Exeter man in 1713, “but Portugal gold.” In London, the Bank of England began buying vast amounts of gold, “to be coined as it comes in” and the Mint began minting guineas from the moidores. By 1715 the Bank had 800 kg/25,700 t.oz, a nascent central bank reserve, and this figure would rise would to 15.5 tonnes/500,000 t.oz by 1730. So much gold coin had never been minted before and London soon overtook Amsterdam as the foremost precious metals market. Gold was coming and staying. Silver was leaving for Asia. In 1717 Newton was called on to investigate.He came up with a new system and outlined it in a report to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury in September 1717. Less than three months later there was a Royal Proclamation that forbade the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings - even if they were clipped or underweight. Thus was a guinea just over a pound, which was 20 shillings, or 113 grains of gold. The ratio of gold to silver was effectively set at roughly 1:15.5.But silver coin clipping continued, and full-weight silver coins continued to be exported to the continent, where 21 shillings of silver could still get you more than a guinea's worth of gold (just over 7.6 grams/1/4 t.oz), and to Asia, especially India and China, often via the East India Company, where silver was even more valuable. The result was that silver was used for imports, and so left the country, while exports were traded for gold, which thus came into the country.All in all, some two-thirds of that Brazilian gold is thought to have ended up in England. Hundreds of tonnes in total.Britain had always been on a silver standard. A pound was a pound of sterling silver. “In all men's minds the only true money of the country was the silver coin,” said Sir John Craig, historian of the Mint. Although that Royal Proclamation suggested a bimetallic standard, in practice, with so much silver going abroad, it moved Britain from silver to its first gold standard. Gold was more dependable than clipped silver. The future would look back on Newton as the father of the gold standard. His system proved the bedrock of Britain's domestic and international trade through the 18th century, helping it to become such a formidable commercial power. But it was an accidental gold standard. Nobody—not the institutions nor the persons involved—had had the slightest intention of creating a new monetary system on gold. Most people wanted to sustain silver as the prime coinage of the land. Newton had tried to create a functioning bimetallic standard. But market forces had other ideas.In the 1770s there was another recoinage in Britain, which, in terms of sheer scale, was unprecedented. Some 155 tonnes/5 million t.oz of gold in total, perhaps 30 times greater than Newton's recoinage of 1696-9, greater than anything attempted by Spain or Venice, or even Rome. No attempt was made to recoin silver. It was a formal admission that Britain was now on a gold standard. Newton's accidental gold standard was formalised.Anno domini for goldThe second half of the 19th century proved the golden age of the gold rush. First California, then Australia, then New Zealand, then South Africa, then Western Australia, and finally the Klondike.Aside from taxation (see Daylight Robbery), it is difficult to think of anything more overlooked that has had a more profound influence on the course of human history than the gold rush. Nations, indeed civilisations, have been formed on the back of them. (The beneficial impact of gold discoveries in Northern Spain to the Roman Empire is dramatically understated, for example). The fifty years from January 24th, 1848, were perhaps the golden era of the gold rush. The date stands as a watershed moment, the dawn of a new golden age. You might say there are two histories of gold, one before and one after 1848, akin to a BC and AD moment in time. On that day a carpenter from New Jersey by the name of James Marshall saw something shiny at the bottom of a ditch while carrying out a routine inspection of a lumbar mill he was helping build on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California. The scale of the gold business changed out of all proportion. The amount of metal available changed beyond all recognition. Annual production rose fivefold in five years. The Paris Mint coined 150 million Napoléons D'Or in eight years from 1850-57, compared to 65 million in the preceding 50 years. The US Mint's output of gold eagles rose fivefold.The gold price should surely fall with all the new supply, feared bankers and economists. “The price must fall,” said the Economist, wrong about everything even then. The Times agreed. French economist Michel Chevalier wrote an entire book, On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold. But the gold price did not fall. It stayed constant. Surprisingly perhaps, the biggest casualty of the gold rush, and the dramatic increase in gold supply, was silver. Silver had been money for thousands of years. Not for much longer. Its price halved. In 1850 only Britain, Portugal, Brazil, and a handful of other nations were on the gold standard. Everyone else was on bi-metallic standards. Come 1900 China was the only major nation not on a pure gold standard. Scarcely had the discoveries in California been made when the US began minting $1 and $20 gold coins, in addition to the $10 eagle. Before the discovery, the US Mint struck $4 million worth; in 1851 it minted over $62 million worth. Gold is “virtually the only currency of the country,” said a Congressman proposing a $3 gold coin in a debate in 1853. 1853 would also prove the last time silver dollars were struck, though they still circulated. In practical terms, if not nominal, the US was moving to a gold standard. Then the Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar altogether. The act became known as the Crime of 1873. There was a rearguard action, a “silver crusade” to get silver reinstated, especially as silver supply was now increasing thanks to discoveries in Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. There was, thought some, a “deep-laid plot” engineered by a foreign conspiracy to increase the national debt, which would have to be paid in gold. Bimetallism became a central issue of the election of 1896, when an ambitious young Democrat by the name of William Jennings Bryan won the nomination that he thought would carry him to the presidency with what is widely regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American political history. “Thou shalt not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold,” he bellowed. But no.Gold rather than silver was now in the pockets of millions of people around the world. The increased gold supply effectively sent both France and the US onto gold standards, even though nominally they remained bimetallic (the US until 1900). The move from silver to gold gathered pace in Europe from the 1870s. In 1872-3 Germany launched its new mark, followed by Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands. France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy had signed up to a Latin bimetallic monetary union in 1865, which was undermined by the tumbling silver price, and they largely abandoned the silver part of the equation after 1874. By the end of the century, every major nation bar China was on a gold standard, the classical gold standard which Isaac Newton is credited with having designed.But that classical gold standard, that golden age of sound money for which many hard money advocates of today, including yours truly, pine, was not designed and planned, it was accidental.As a the poet Robert Burns wrote:But Mousie, thou art no thy-lane,In proving foresight may be vain:The best laid schemes o' Mice an' MenGang aft agleyThe modern system of fiat money by which we operate today is also accidental, evolving from political expediency, political pressure, technological developments, deficit spending, suppressed interest rates, misguided obsession with GDP, and more. Many, especially the powerful, have exploited it for their own ends, but nobody designed a system in which 99% of money is digital, in which 99% of money is debt, in which loss of purchasing power and Cantillon Effect are built in, which robs the young, the salaried, and the saver, which makes an increase in the wealth gap inevitable and so on. The modern system is clearly in its endgame. Better systems are emerging. But endgames last a long time.Enjoy this article? Please consider becoming a paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theflyingfrisby.com/subscribe

A slightly-longer Sunday morning thought piece than usual today, but one that is well worth the effort I hope you'll discover.A reminder that:* This August I am going to the Edinburgh Fringe to do one of my “lectures with funny bits”. This one is all about the history of mining. As always, I shall be delivering it at Panmure House, where Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations. It's at 2pm most afternoons. Please come. Tickets here.* My first book and many readers' favourite, Life After the State - Why We Don't Need Government (2013), is now back in print - with the audiobook here: Audible UK, Audible US, Apple Books. I recommend the audiobook ;)Isaac Newton, who, along with William Shakespeare, Leonardo Da Vinci and Aristotle, must be one of the cleverest individuals to have ever lived, made groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, mechanics, philosophy and astronomy. The laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the reflecting telescope were among his many contributions. He was also a brilliant alchemist, obsessed with theology and biblical prophecy. As if that isn't enough, he is credited with the design of the Gold Standard, the primary monetary system of the world for over two hundred years. Today we explore how this brilliant system was accidental.In 1695, counterfeit coins accounted for more than a tenth of all English money in circulation. Massive LOL: the English used the counterfeit coins, in particular, to pay their taxes. The Exchequer that year reported no more than ten good shillings for every hundred pounds of revenue. Coin clipping was also a major problem, especially of old coins, and silver coins were disappearing from circulation altogether. Silver was worth more on the continent as bullion than it was in the UK as tender, so arbitrageurs shipped coins abroad, melted them down, and sold them for gold. Everyone from the Jews to the French was blamed, but by 1695 it was almost impossible to find legal silver in circulation. It had all been melted down and sold.This all led to a scarcity of money, which inhibited trade. More damage was caused to the English nation in just one year by bad money than “by a quarter century of bad kings, bad Ministers, bad Parliaments and bad Judges”, said the historian Thomas Babington Macaulay.King William begged the House of Commons to respond to the crisis and, seeking help, Secretary of the Treasury, William Lowndes wrote letters to England's wisest men, asking their advice: among them, philosopher John Locke, architect Sir Christopher Wren, banker Sir Josiah Child, and scientist, Sir Isaac Newton.Newton was in his mid 40s and probably not far off the peak of his powers. He had published his most famous work, the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, just eight years earlier in 1687, and it had established him as the smartest man in the country. He would now put his great mind to money.With the formation of the Bank of England the previous year, Newton had become aware of the possibilities of paper money. “If interest be not yet low enough for the advantage of trade,” he wrote, “the only proper way to lower it is more paper credit till by trading and business we can get more money.” He could see that token value and intrinsic value were not necessarily one and the same.It was also obvious to Newton that the currency criminals were rational actors. They would continue to clip, counterfeit, and sell abroad while there was profit in it. Bullion smuggling carried the death sentence, yet still it went on. Coercion alone would not be enough to stop it from happening. The market itself needed to be changed.He came up with two measures. First, to deal with the clipping, all coins minted prior to 1662 should be called in, melted down, and, using machines, re-made into coins that had a single consistent edge. With no more hand-hammered coins in circulation, clipping coins would become that much more difficult. Re-minting the entire country's coin, however, at a time of such primitive machinery, was no small undertaking. Second, to deal with the silver issue, the amount of silver in coins should be lowered so that the silver content and the face value of the coin were the same.The thought of such a devaluation went against the psyche. The idea that token value and intrinsic value might be different was alien and Newton's second proposal was not widely welcomed. There were 20 shillings to a pound, so a shilling should contain a concomitant amount of silver.  Newton may have thought that the token was more important than the silver content, but landowners and the government, which was largely made up of them, would lose 20% of their silver by Newton's proposal. In 1696 Parliament approved the recoinage, but stipulated the new coins maintain the old weights. Newton warned that the silver outflow would continue.The following year, nudged by John Locke, Charles Montague, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, sent Newton a letter notifying him that the King intended to make him Warden of the Mint. So began his new career. Perhaps the role was only intended as a sinecure, but Newton took it very seriously.Putting his chemical and mathematical knowledge to good use, Newton got the Mint's machines working and the coins minted at a speed that defied the predictions of even the boldest optimist and, as an industrial operation, Newton's recoinage was an enormous success. Newton would also have to learn the skills of a policeman—both investigator and interrogator—and he proved masterful. This ruthless enforcer of the law, oversaw numerous investigations, exposing frauds, and then prosecuting perpetrators. Poor counterfeiters had no idea what they were up against, and many were sent to the gallows for their crimes.So good at the job of Warden was Newton that, in 1699, he was promoted and made Master of the Royal Mint, and after the Union between England and Scotland in 1707, Newton directed a Scottish recoinage that would lead to a new currency for the new Kingdom of Great Britain.He had solved the clipping issue, the counterfeiting issue was vastly improved, but silver was still making its way across the Channel, just as Newton had said it would. As long as the silver content exceeded the face value of the coins, the trade would continue. By 1715, almost all of the coins that Newton had struck between 1696 and 1699 had left t he country.Newton's studies had moved on from tides, planetary motions, and pendulums to the gold markets. He drew up an extensive table of assays of foreign coins and in doing so realised that gold was cheaper in the new markets opening up in Asia than in Europe, and thus that silver was not just being sucked out of England, but out of Europe itself to India and China where it was traded for gold.Meanwhile, the world's next great gold rush had started.If you are interested in buying gold, check out my recent report. I have a feeling it is going to come in very handy in the not-too-distant future.My recommended bullion dealer is the Pure Gold Company.World gold output doublesSome time in 1694 Portuguese deserters had found alluvial gold two hundred miles inland from Rio De Janeiro in Minas Gerais in Brazil. Soon everyone was flocking there, “white, coloured, black, Amerindian, men and women; young and old; poor and rich; nobles and commoners; laymen and clergy,” said a Jesuit priest who lived in the area. By 1724, within just three decades of the discovery, world output had doubled. By 1750, 65% of global production was emanating from Brazil. The gold made its way to Lisbon, along with sugar, tobacco and other Brazilian products - similar amounts to that which the Conquistadors had sent back to Spain the previous century - and with it the Portuguese minted their moidores coins.The Portuguese used their gold to buy English cereal crops, beef and fish, woollen goods, manufactured articles, and luxuries. Portugal imported five times as much from England as it exported to it, and it used its gold to settle the difference. The moidores, which weighed slightly more than an English guinea, worth 28 shillings, actually became currency, especially in the west country, where there were more of them than local coins. “We hardly have any money,” wrote an Exeter man in 1713, “but Portugal gold.” In London, the Bank of England began buying vast amounts of gold, “to be coined as it comes in” and the Mint began minting guineas from the moidores. By 1715 the Bank had 800 kg/25,700 t.oz, a nascent central bank reserve, and this figure would rise would to 15.5 tonnes/500,000 t.oz by 1730. So much gold coin had never been minted before and London soon overtook Amsterdam as the foremost precious metals market. Gold was coming and staying. Silver was leaving for Asia. In 1717 Newton was called on to investigate.He came up with a new system and outlined it in a report to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury in September 1717. Less than three months later there was a Royal Proclamation that forbade the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings - even if they were clipped or underweight. Thus was a guinea just over a pound, which was 20 shillings, or 113 grains of gold. The ratio of gold to silver was effectively set at roughly 1:15.5.But silver coin clipping continued, and full-weight silver coins continued to be exported to the continent, where 21 shillings of silver could still get you more than a guinea's worth of gold (just over 7.6 grams/1/4 t.oz), and to Asia, especially India and China, often via the East India Company, where silver was even more valuable. The result was that silver was used for imports, and so left the country, while exports were traded for gold, which thus came into the country.All in all, some two-thirds of that Brazilian gold is thought to have ended up in England. Hundreds of tonnes in total.Britain had always been on a silver standard. A pound was a pound of sterling silver. “In all men's minds the only true money of the country was the silver coin,” said Sir John Craig, historian of the Mint. Although that Royal Proclamation suggested a bimetallic standard, in practice, with so much silver going abroad, it moved Britain from silver to its first gold standard. Gold was more dependable than clipped silver. The future would look back on Newton as the father of the gold standard. His system proved the bedrock of Britain's domestic and international trade through the 18th century, helping it to become such a formidable commercial power. But it was an accidental gold standard. Nobody—not the institutions nor the persons involved—had had the slightest intention of creating a new monetary system on gold. Most people wanted to sustain silver as the prime coinage of the land. Newton had tried to create a functioning bimetallic standard. But market forces had other ideas.In the 1770s there was another recoinage in Britain, which, in terms of sheer scale, was unprecedented. Some 155 tonnes/5 million t.oz of gold in total, perhaps 30 times greater than Newton's recoinage of 1696-9, greater than anything attempted by Spain or Venice, or even Rome. No attempt was made to recoin silver. It was a formal admission that Britain was now on a gold standard. Newton's accidental gold standard was formalised.Anno domini for goldThe second half of the 19th century proved the golden age of the gold rush. First California, then Australia, then New Zealand, then South Africa, then Western Australia, and finally the Klondike.Aside from taxation (see Daylight Robbery), it is difficult to think of anything more overlooked that has had a more profound influence on the course of human history than the gold rush. Nations, indeed civilisations, have been formed on the back of them. (The beneficial impact of gold discoveries in Northern Spain to the Roman Empire is dramatically understated, for example). The fifty years from January 24th, 1848, were perhaps the golden era of the gold rush. The date stands as a watershed moment, the dawn of a new golden age. You might say there are two histories of gold, one before and one after 1848, akin to a BC and AD moment in time. On that day a carpenter from New Jersey by the name of James Marshall saw something shiny at the bottom of a ditch while carrying out a routine inspection of a lumbar mill he was helping build on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California. The scale of the gold business changed out of all proportion. The amount of metal available changed beyond all recognition. Annual production rose fivefold in five years. The Paris Mint coined 150 million Napoléons D'Or in eight years from 1850-57, compared to 65 million in the preceding 50 years. The US Mint's output of gold eagles rose fivefold.The gold price should surely fall with all the new supply, feared bankers and economists. “The price must fall,” said the Economist, wrong about everything even then. The Times agreed. French economist Michel Chevalier wrote an entire book, On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold. But the gold price did not fall. It stayed constant. What the Times, the Economist and Chevalier had all failed to appreciate was that most of the gold would use as money, and that trade, exchange and economic expansion would be the result.Surprisingly perhaps, the biggest casualty of the gold rush was silver. Silver had been money for thousands of years. Not for much longer. Its price halved. In 1850 only Britain, Portugal, Brazil, and a handful of other nations were on the gold standard. Everyone else was on bi-metallic standards. Come 1900 China was the only major nation not on a pure gold standard. Scarcely had the discoveries in California been made when the US began minting $1 and $20 gold coins, in addition to the $10 eagle. Before the discovery, the US Mint struck $4 million worth; in 1851 it minted over $62 million worth. Gold is “virtually the only currency of the country,” said a Congressman proposing a $3 gold coin in a debate in 1853. 1853 would also prove the last time silver dollars were struck, though they still circulated. In practical terms, if not nominal, the US was moving to a gold standard. Then the Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar altogether. The act became known as the Crime of 1873. There was a rearguard action, a “silver crusade” to get silver reinstated, especially as silver supply was now increasing thanks to discoveries in Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. There was, thought some, a “deep-laid plot” engineered by a foreign conspiracy to increase the national debt, which would have to be paid in gold. Bimetallism became a central issue of the election of 1896, when an ambitious young Democrat by the name of William Jennings Bryan won the nomination that he thought would carry him to the presidency with what is widely regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American political history. “Thou shalt not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold,” he bellowed. But no.Gold rather than silver was now in the pockets of millions of people around the world. The increased gold supply effectively sent both France and the US onto gold standards, even though nominally they remained bimetallic (the US until 1900). The move from silver to gold gathered pace in Europe from the 1870s. In 1872-3 Germany launched its new mark, followed by Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands. France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy had signed up to a Latin bimetallic monetary union in 1865, which was undermined by the tumbling silver price, and they largely abandoned the silver part of the equation after 1874. By the end of the century, every major nation bar China was on a gold standard, the classical gold standard which Isaac Newton is credited with having designed.But that classical gold standard, that golden age of sound money for which many hard money advocates of today, including yours truly, pine, was not designed and planned, it was accidental.As a the poet Robert Burns wrote:But Mousie, thou art no thy-lane,In proving foresight may be vain:The best laid schemes o' Mice an' MenGang aft agleyThe modern system of fiat money by which we operate today is also accidental, evolving from political expediency, political pressure, technological developments, deficit spending, suppressed interest rates, misguided obsession with GDP, and more. Many, especially the powerful, have exploited it for their own ends, but nobody designed a system in which 99% of money is digital, in which 99% of money is debt, in which loss of purchasing power and Cantillon Effect are built in, which robs the young, the salaried, and the saver, which makes an increase in the wealth gap inevitable and so on. The modern system is clearly in its endgame. Better systems are emerging. But endgames last a long time.Enjoy this article? Please consider becoming a paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theflyingfrisby.com/subscribe

Alexandra Montgomery returns to the pod for a discussion on the significance and complicated legacy of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for Mainers and their neighbors on both sides of the US-Canadian border.

While we've heard this story of Palm Sunday many times, we can still learn a lot about Jesus in his Kingly identity. Find out why Jesus declared the hour for his death has finally come after He enters Jerusalem on a donkey's colt. Michael Schiller | October 15, 2023 ----------------------------------------------- We're Incarnation Tallahassee! Visit our website! www.incarnationtallahassee.org/ Watch the Livestream youtube.com/live/ZSeuKYY3J2w

Judah got right with God, so a royal proclamation was made to bring them back home.

Judah got right with God, so a royal proclamation was made to bring them back home.

Tor Fjelldal joins me today from Entrance Ranch near Jasper National Park in Alberta. Tor is a Norwegian by birth who has had a rich and varied life that began with life-changing health conditions as a young boy growing up in a little town south of Oslo, Norway. His life path led him to Alberta where he has spent time at his Norwegian uncle Rocky's Entrance Ranch located on the Athabasca River just north of Hinton, Alberta. There Tor encountered many Native wisdom keepers and traditions, including the spiritual teachings of Chief Jimmy O'Chiese (a direct descendant of the Odawa Anishnabe (Objiwa) Chief Pontiac (1714-1769), one of the key contributors to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 with King George III of Great Britain. Tor is one of those special human beings that crosses one's path with such a variety of gifts and talents. Tor is a natural entrepreneur and inventor as well as a very spiritual person who has been immersed in indigenous or Native spirituality and ceremony. Today we spoke about a variety of subjects that include his insights into his Norwegian homeland which regularly rated one of the happiest countries in the world and one of the richest in terms of GDP and a sovereign wealth fund. Norwegians, despite having enviable financial wealth, are struggling more with depression, suicide and growing rates of poverty. Tor has delved into alternative blockchain cryptocurrency systems; a subject of mutual interest. We also talk about what we can learn from First Nations elders and their spiritual wisdom applied to many of today's major challenges. Tor gives us hope that we are indeed capable of greater things when we are in tune with the natural flow of nature and life. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mark-anielski/message

Tor Fjelldal (part 1) joins me today from Entrance Ranch near Jasper National Park in Alberta. Tor is a Norwegian by birth who has had a rich and varied life that began with life-changing health conditions as a young boy growing up in a little town south of Oslo, Norway. His life path led him to Alberta where he has spent time at his Norwegian uncle Rocky's Entrance Ranch located on the Athabasca River just north of Hinton, Alberta. There Tor encountered many Native wisdom keepers and traditions, including the spiritual teachings of Chief Jimmy O'Chiese (a direct descendant of the Odawa Anishnabe (Objiwa) Chief Pontiac (1714-1769), one of the key contributors to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 with King George III of Great Britain. Tor is one of those special human beings that crosses one's path with such a variety of gifts and talents. Tor is a natural entrepreneur and inventor as well as a very spiritual person who has been immersed in indigenous or Native spirituality and ceremony. Today we spoke about a variety of subjects that include his insights into his Norwegian homeland which regularly rated one of the happiest countries in the world and one of the richest in terms of GDP and a sovereign wealth fund. Norwegians, despite having enviable financial wealth, are struggling more with depression, suicide and growing rates of poverty. Tor has delved into alternative blockchain cryptocurrency systems; a subject of mutual interest. We also talk about what we can learn from First Nations elders and their spiritual wisdom applied to many of today's major challenges. Tor gives us hope that we are indeed capable of greater things when we are in tune with the natural flow of nature and life. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mark-anielski/message

As today's guest Tim Clayton explains, 'the late eighteenth-century mixed the extremely crude with the extremely fine in a fascinating sort of way.' The grand master of this potent concoction was the greatest political caricaturist of modern times: James Gillray. Gillray worked in raucous, restless times. He began in the wake of the American War of Independence and, having charted each twist and turn of the French Revolution, he died a short time before the Battle of Waterloo. In this time he pioneered a fearless new brand of political satire. No one was spared. He lampooned King George III; his son the Prince of W(h)ales; the prime minister William Pitt the Younger, and all the prominent cultural and political figures in London life. But how did he get away with it? What was his true motivation? How clever really was James Gillray? In this episode the historian Tim Clayton takes us back to 1792, a testing year for Gillray, to find out. The characters and stories that feature in this episode of Travels Through Time form part of Clayton's latest book. James Gillray: A Revolution in Satire is out now. Show notes Scene One: February/March 1792 London and Hannah Humphrey's house at 18 Old Bond Street. Scene Two: 21 May 1792. The Royal Proclamation against seditious writing. Scene Three: December 1792. The French King is on trial and Gillray releases his series of ‘pro bono publico' prints. Memento: A fire screen, painted on both sides by Gillray, as presented by the artist to Hannah Humphrey. People/Social Presenter: Peter Moore Guest: Tim Clayton Production: Maria Nolan Podcast partner: Ace Cultural Tours Theme music: ‘Love Token' from the album ‘This Is Us' By Slava and Leonard Grigoryan Follow us on Twitter: @tttpodcast_ See where 1972 fits on our Timeline

Who was he? Why is there a war/rebellion named after him? ReferencesCampisi, J. (1993). “Indian Governance.” Found in Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies, Vol. 1, p.449-456. Charles Scribner Sons, New York. Hall, A. (2019). Royal Proclamation of 1763. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-proclamation-of-1763Parkman, F. (1851, 1871). The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada, 10th Ed., Vol 1. Chapters VI-VII. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_(Ottawa_leader)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763https://www.royal.uk/george-iiiSound EffectsPontiac GTO 1967 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yM4kp_vbM5YPontiac Solstice GXP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkhRmT-Rmo4Pontiac Firebird https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icOPXxK7ZBk413241__krishmeister__basic-drums-110-bpmSupport the show

A Royal Proclamation

Can you respectfully mourn the passing of the Queen whilst still opposing the institution she represented? These are questions posed by the reaction of the police in different parts of the UK to those who wanted to counter the Royalist narrative being pumped out by most mainstream media. A woman was arrested for holding up an anti monarchist in Edinburgh during the Royal Proclamation; likewise and man in Oxford. Adrian Goldberg hears from barrister Paul Powlesland, who was threatened with arrest outside Parliament after holding up a blank sign in protest at the accession of Charles III. Produced in Birmingham by Adrian GoldbergFunded by subscriptions to Byline Times Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Can you respectfully mourn the passing of the Queen whilst still opposing the institution she represented?   These are questions posed by the reaction of the police in different parts of the UK to those who wanted to counter the Royalist narrative being pumped out by most mainstream media. A woman was arrested for holding up an anti monarchist in Edinburgh during the Royal Proclamation; likewise and man in Oxford.   Adrian Goldberg hears from barrister Paul Powlesland, who was threatened with arrest outside Parliament after holding up a blank sign in protest at the accession of Charles III. Produced in Birmingham by Adrian Goldberg Funded by subscriptions to Byline Times

There is no shortage of podcasts. These days anyone can buy a microphone off the internet and start talking into it. The trick is finding an audience willing to listen. Passion is a great place to start. And there are few things people are more passionate about than music and food. So why not connect them? That's been the recipe for success for Greg Bresnitz. It all started with a TV show — Dinner With The Band — but took off with his long running podcast Snacky Tunes, which he began taping with his co-host and twin brother Darrin in 2009. Since then, the pair have recorded over 500 episodes interviewing chefs about the music that inspires their food. It's a format that lends itself to endless hours of conversation and makes for a pretty compelling live event, too.  In 2022, Greg debuted Crescendo! — a new show guiding listeners through a seven-course menu with a chef, pairing each dish with a song.  Greg grew up in Philadelphia, built his career in New York but relocated to Lafayette in 2020. He says it's a fitting landing spot for what he does. Few places combine food and music quite like Acadiana.  Knowing your audience is the first rule of media. And it's also the best way to make your case in advocacy. Especially when you're talking to the world.   Warren Perrin is an attorney by trade, but he's best known internationally as an advocate for Acadian culture and a preservationist of Cajun history. He's an author of books on Cajun History, including a biography of Beausoleil Broussard and he founded the Acadian Heritage and Culture Foundation, which operates the Acadian Museum of Louisiana in Erath, his hometown.  Warren made international headlines as the man who won an apology from the Queen of England. He spent a decade petitioning the British Crown to formally end the exile of the Acadian people. In 2003, the Crown issued a Royal Proclamation apologizing for the expulsion and setting July 28 as the official date commemorating the Acadian deportation. If that weren't enough, Warren was inducted into the UL Sports Hall of Fame for his achievements on UL's legendary weightlifting team.  Out to Lunch Acadiana is recorded live over lunch at Tula Tacos and Amigos in downtown Lafayette. You can find photos from this show at itsacadiana.com, and on Instagram and Facebook. And check out more lunchtime conversation about uniquely Acadian entertainment that's as unique as it is Acadian. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Context and reading of this oft-referred to Declaration. The results of this Proclamation were widespread and long-lasting. http://www.jamessmithcreenation.com/downloads/ROYAL%20PROCLAMATION%201763.pdfhttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-proclamation-of-1763#:~:text=The%20Royal%20Proclamation%20of%201763%20was%20issued%20by,to%20assimilate%20the%20French%20population%20to%20British%20rule.Support the show

The Western and Ohio nations (having been excluded from the peace signed in Europe), reminds Britain that the war was more than just an Anglo-French affair.

On this week's episode of Roots and Hoots, host Gordon Spence is pleased to be joined by old friend Peter Kulchyski. Peter is of Polish and Ukrainian descent and grew up in Northern Manitoba. He is a full professor in the Department of Native Studies at the University of Winnipeg, and has published extensively in the areas of Northern Indigenous history, law, politics and culture in Canada. He is currently working on a third volume, in a series co-authored with Frank Tester, on contemporary Inuit history, as well as working on a study of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which the two discuss more in depth in this episode.

Come with us as we delve into Week 4 of the Indigenous Canada Course all about Legal Traditions. We will cover how Colonial ideas of law are different than Indigenous legal traditions, and how settlers utilized Colonial law to disrupt Indigenous cultural traditions of justice, systems of government, and trade. Find the Indigenous Canada Course:Indigenous Canada via Coursera.orgIndigenous Canada via the University of AlbertaDiscover Small Conversations on Social MediaInstagramFacebookTwitterFind Susannah Steers at www.movingspirit.ca and on social media @themovingspirit.Find Gillian McCormick at https://physiogillian.com/ and on social media @physiogillian.

Susannah and Gillian cover week 3 of the Indigenous Canada course. This module covers the history of the treaty process in Canada from the Peace and Friendship Treaties all the way through the Modern Treaties. It is shown that the two sovereign nations involved in the treaties viewed the process of negotiation, and the content of each treaty very differently, giving perspective on the current land use conflicts. Find the Indigenous Canada Course:Indigenous Canada via Coursera.orgIndigenous Canada via the University of AlbertaDiscover Small Conversations on Social MediaInstagramFacebookTwitterFind Susannah Steers at www.movingspirit.ca and on social media @themovingspirit.Find Gillian McCormick at https://physiogillian.com/ and on social media @physiogillian.

Today we bring you the twelfth installment of our Truth and Reconciliation Commission Series. Episode Twelve continues to explore the Challenge of Reconciliation. This episode explores treaties and how by upholding the treaties we honour the past and negotiate the future between Canada and Indigenous people. The episode reviews the Royal Proclamation of 1763 & the Treaty of Niagara of 1764 and the Calls to Action related to the treaties. This episode begins at page 195 and ends midway through the page on 202. We will be continuing this section of the report in the next several episodes. Special thanks to Claire Allsop who recorded this episode. CW: We ask that you take care while engaging with this material. Please check out the Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada if you wish to follow along while listening and/or see the photos which accompany the report. This is a project we will be unveiling throughout the summer & fall of 2021, thanks in no small part to the many people who offered to volunteer to guest read. We will be providing a podcast format version of the entire Executive Summary of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report, in addition to other TRC content. We hold space for Indigenous people who have been and continue to be harmed by colonialism. This recording is our way of engaging with Call to Action #27 - which calls upon legal professionals to ensure they have appropriate cultural competency training. We hope this can assist both legal professionals and the public in becoming culturally competent on this issue. We feel it our responsibility as settlers and as legal professionals to do this work and we thank you for listening. These episodes will not be appearing on our YouTube feed. Instead, we ask you to please visit the #ReadtheTRC page on YouTube - linked here. This is an amazing project which provides YouTube videos of people reading the entire Executive Summary report and is perfect for those who wish to engage with the report with both an audio and visual component. We want to ensure full credit is given to Chelsea Vowel (link to work site here) who was one of the organizers of the #ReadTheTRC project. We hope our work serves as a companion piece and allows individuals to engage with the material in an accessible and available manner. The Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program has a hotline to help residential school survivors and their relatives suffering from trauma invoked by past abuse. The number is 1-866-925-4419. Legal Listening - Where Audio Obiter is Our Thing! Check us out at legallistening.com, look for us on CanLii Connects, find us on twitter @legallistening or email us at legallistening@gmail.com While you're here, check out our team! Julie Lundy: https://www.julielundyart.com/ Rad & Kel: https://www.radandkell.com/ Remember we're always looking for guest readers to come on the podcast. Have a decision you love? Want to see it recorded? Reach out!

We finish up the French & Indian War and discuss what England imposes on the colonies in an effort to offset the cost of the war. The Sugar Act and the Royal Proclamation of 1763 are discussed along with other interesting tidbits. Starting with this episode, all shows will include show notes which we are excited to announce. The podcast along with the notes will help bring the people and events to life even more. Show Notes: The Journal of Major George Washington, 1754. This details the journey he took while on a mission to let France know they need to leave the British Colonies. Round trip miles was 900 miles in 2.5 months in winter. Click here to view. King George III Royal Proclamation of 1763, in short, did nothing but upset the colonists. View Proclamation Text / View Image Host: Ron Kern Website Ask a question and Join our Podcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/patriotpowerpodcast/message

The most interesting fact about the American Revolution, which makes it unique in the annals of all our wars, is that it was the unintended consequence of a dispute about the law. Two principle arguments emerged on both sides of the Atlantic and it was the failure to reconcile these competing views of the law that led to open warfare in 1775, and the decision in 1776 of 13 of the British colonies to declare their independence. In episode eleven we will examine the legal arguments on both sides, the role of the French & Indian War as a prime mover in the dispute, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, important court cases and more. 

In which we talk about the evolution of treaties signed between Europeans and First Nations in Pre-Confederation Canada. You can find the treaties we discuss below in the sources! --- Major Sources & Further Reading: 'A History of Treaty-Making in Canada.' Government of Canada, https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1314977704533/1544620451420 DePasquale, Paul W. 'Natives and Settlers Now and Then: Historical Issues and Current Perspectives on Treaties and Land Claims in Canada', University of Alberta Press, 2007. The Great Peace of Montreal (1701): https://en.wikisource.org/?curid=2266099 King, Thomas. 'The Inconvenient Indian', Anchor Canada, 2012. Miller, J. R. "Indian treaties." 'The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'. Edited by Gerald Hallowell, Oxford University Press, 2004. Miquelon, Dale. "Great Peace of Montreal, 1701." 'The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'. Edited by Gerald Hallowell, Oxford University Press, 2004. Morin, Jean-Pierre. 'Solemn Words and Foundational Documents: An Annotated Discussion of Indigenous-Crown Treaties in Canada, 1752-1923', University of Toronto Press, 2018. 'Pre-Confederation Treaties', Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba. http://www.trcm.ca/treaties/pre-confederation-treaties/ Ray, Arthur J. "Aboriginal title and treaty rights." 'The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'. Edited by Gerald Hallowell, Oxford University Press, 2004. Robinson Treaties, Text (1850): https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028984/1581293724401 Robinson Treaties, Elaboration by the Government of Canada: https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1360945974712/1544619909155 Royal Proclamation (1763): https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763 Treaty of Ghent (1815): https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent --- We made it onto a list of best Canadian history podcasts (wooo!): https://blog.feedspot.com/canada_history_podcasts/ Check out this great independent poetry anthology, 'Isolated Together'. https://typeamedia.ca/product/isolated-together/ Reach the show with any questions, comments and concerns at historiacanadiana@gmail.com, Twitter (@CanLitHistory) & Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/CanLitHistory). --- Support: Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/historiacanadiana) & Paypal (https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/historiacanadiana). Check out the recommended reading page (https://historiacanadiana.wordpress.com/books/) and some silly apparel (http://tee.pub/lic/Ges5M2WpsBw)!

John and John venture to a magical land where the weather is controlled by Royal Proclamation and systems of government are determined by sword-holding rocks and women in ponds. This week they dive into the Lerner and Lowe classic, "Camelot"; discussing the dichotomy of the music and the score, the reliance of the book on source material, and the mystique of the magical... cave? Invisible walls? Something like that. Music by Frederick Lowe Lyrics and book by Alan Jay Lerner Intro and outro music ("BeBop 25") provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License by Jason Shaw on Audionautix.com Have a question for John or John? Want to leave feedback or tell us how wrong we are? Email us at musicalminutespodcast@gmail.com For more info on our hosts - please visit https://norine62.wixsite.com/musicalminutes

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III, banning settlement west of the Appalachian ...

Larry McDermott (Shabot Obaadjiwan First Nation and ED of Plenty Canada) and Dr. Dan Longboat (Turtle Clan member of the Mohawk Nation and Associate Professor at Trent University) discuss lessons for sustainability inherent in Indigenous knowledges as well as Indigenous interpretations of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and other early treaties.

1. A Royal Preparation - v1-7 a. Control b. Obedience 2. A Royal Proclamation - v8-10 3. A Royal Entrance - v11

In this episode, Kiegan Irish and Alex Boos revisit and contemplate historical moments and trajectories that trace out certain facets of the encounter between Europeans and Indigenous peoples on Turtle Island. Taking a dual historical approach that blends Linda Tuhiwai Smith's decolonial methodology of Indigenizing discourse with a historical materialist analysis borrowed from Marxism, we consider some of the effects of the colonial dynamics of the European-Indigenous fur trade on both Indigenous and European societies and examine the structure and evolution of specific French trading companies to pinpoint their roles both as vanguards of European economic trading practices and as founding components to the Canadian settler colonial state. These accounts are followed by a look at the Treaty of Niagara and the Royal Proclamation of 1763, two significant historical events and documents that, had their principles been respected, could have changed the course of history in Indigenous-settler political relations. Bibliography: Borrows, John. “Wampum at Niagara: The Royal Proclamation, Canadian Legal History, and Self-Government.” Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada ed. Michael Asch. UBC Press, 1997. Delalande, J. Le conseil souverain de la Nouvelle-France. Québec: LSA. Proulx, 1927. Hill, Gord. 500 Years of Indigenous Resistance. PM Press, 2010. Hill, Susan M. The Clay We are Made Of: Haudenosaunee Land Tenure on the Grand River. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba, 2017. Innis, Harold. The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History. Revised edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Kimmerer, Robin Wall. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2013. Marx, Karl. Selected Writings. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994.  Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. A Short History of the Blockade: Giant Beavers, Diplomacy & Regeneration in Nishnaabewin. CLC Kreisel Lecture Series. University of Alberta Press, 2021. We would like for any listeners out there who have critiques of the production of this episode, particularly surrounding Indigenous histories and decolonization, to please contact us at thepoplartapes@gmail.com or on twitter @thepoplartapes to engage us in dialogue and hold us accountable for our ignorance on these subjects towards improving Indigenous-settler relations and our work as we continue with this project. 

By order of the Royal Proclamation of King William IV of England, you are hereby to receive this whisky on the 11th of December in the year of our lord, 2019.  It's Day 11 of the Whisky Advent Calendar, and we get to enjoy a single cask of the first whiskey to be officially sanctioned by the King of England.  Grab a dram and find out what these two jesters had to say about the King's whisky. Buy the Bottle The Whiskey Advent Calendar “If you came here to learn, drink what you have learned.  If you came here to share, share what you drink. If you came here a stranger, may you exit as a friend; and if you came here for and adventure, drink up!” Facebook Group The B-S.E.A. Whiskey Glass

Less than two weeks after Supreme Court judges in the U.K. voided a Royal Proclamation proroguing Parliament, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has announced plans to prorogue Parliament again next week. This time, the suspension will be for a much shorter time period. Read the article here!

Jody Wilson-Raybould, also known by her initials JWR and by her Kwak'wala name Puglaas, is a Canadian politician and the Independent Member of Parliament for the riding of Vancouver Granville. She served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General in the cabinet of Justin Trudeau from 2015 until January 2019 and then as Minister of Veterans Affairs of Canada from January 14, 2019, until resigning on February 12, 2019. Before entering federal politics, she was a provincial Crown Prosecutor in Vancouver, a Treaty Commissioner and Regional Chief of the B.C. Assembly of First Nations. Wilson-Raybould studied at the University of Victoria and later at the University of British Columbia. She lives with her husband Tim Raybould in Vancouver.  We met in Ottawa the day after her book From Where I Stand, Rebuilding Indigenous Nations for a Stronger Canada was launched and talked, among other things, about telling the truth in politics - the whole truth; about exactly what 'title' means; about launching a book in the middle of an election; about keeping promises, Justin Trudeau and SNC Lavalin, Alberto Manguel, Conrad Black, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, Confederation, assimilation, the Charter of Rights, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People, reconciliation, indigenous self government, community development, revenue sharing, spousal travel, and creating a more 'just society'. 

We take a look at the encroachments of America even before the United States was a nation. We need to look hard at the things we allow our government to do around the world. So often we look the other way just as they did in the earlier world wars. The weight of every decision that our government, is on your shoulders Get ahold of us at podcast@deadamerica.website also please Share, Like and Subscribe to our blog and podcast. https://www.deadamerica.website.   en·croach·ment /enˈkrōCHmənt/ noun 1. intrusion on a person's territory, rights, etc. "minor encroachments on our individual liberties"   synonyms: intrusion into, trespass on, invasion of, infiltration of, incursion into, obtrusion into, overrunning of, usurping of, appropriation of; More    2. AMERICAN FOOTBALL a penalty in which a defensive player is positioned in the neutral zone at the start of a play. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/road-to-revolution/the-american-revolution/a/pontiacs-uprisinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763http://www.ouramericanrevolution.org/index.cfm/page/view/m0002https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/revolutionary-crisis-american-revolution/ This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Chartable - https://chartable.com/privacy Support this podcast

What's written in a Treaty? What were the agreements made? In Canada and the USA, there are many treaties with Native peoples that have been made over the centuries. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/user?u=19470381)

Episode 34 of Modified Roll, an actual play D&D podcast. Join our "heroes" collect the rest of the new disguise for Udokas before heading back to Cogswald. The party are nervous of what awaits them, but what could they possibly find? Find out now in Episode 34 - A Royal Proclamation Subscribe in a readerDo you want some new dice or awesome D&D accessories? Then head on over to dndice.co.uk/discount/MODIFIEDROLL

These are the statements by the Senate Committee. Original document was read last episode. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mathematical-basis-for-re/support

A significant part of the Canadian Constitution which is hidden and ignored. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mathematical-basis-for-re/support

In 1764, in response to the Native American attacks known as Pontiac's War, the colonists strike back at the Indians, killing the guilty and innocent alike.  Gen. Amherst approves use of smallpox against the Indians. He proposes a campaign of terror and slaughter against the tribes.  At the insistence of Indian agent Sir William Johnson, London recalls Amherst, leaving Gen. Thomas Gage in charge.  Gage follows through on Amherst's attack plan, sending out two expeditions to destroy Indian villages and kill anyone they find, taking no prisoners. By the time the expeditions leave in the summer of 1764, the leaders find almost all tribes ready to settle.  Indian attempts to bring the French back into the fight have failed.  Most Chiefs realize they cannot continue the war.  The Treaty of Niagara returns the Seneca to peace.  Other tribes request diplomatic negotiations, eventually resulting in the Treaty of Fort Ontario in 1766.  This Treaty recognizes British rule as far west as the Mississippi River. Meanwhile, King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, requiring all British colonial settlements to remain east of the Allegheny mountains, thus forbidding westward colonial expansion.  The colonists strongly oppose this restriction. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.

In 1764, in response to the Native American attacks known as Pontiac's War, the colonists strike back at the Indians, killing the guilty and innocent alike.  Gen. Amherst approves use of smallpox against the Indians. He proposes a campaign of terror and slaughter against the tribes.  At the insistence of Indian agent Sir William Johnson, London recalls Amherst, leaving Gen. Thomas Gage in charge.  Gage follows through on Amherst's attack plan, sending out two expeditions to destroy Indian villages and kill anyone they find, taking no prisoners. By the time the expeditions leave in the summer of 1764, the leaders find almost all tribes ready to settle.  Indian attempts to bring the French back into the fight have failed.  Most Chiefs realize they cannot continue the war.  The Treaty of Niagara returns the Seneca to peace.  Other tribes request diplomatic negotiations, eventually resulting in the Treaty of Fort Ontario in 1766.  This Treaty recognizes British rule as far west as the Mississippi River. Meanwhile, King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, requiring all British colonial settlements to remain east of the Allegheny mountains, thus forbidding westward colonial expansion.  The colonists strongly oppose this restriction. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.

Back in 1763, the British Government laid out the Royal Proclamation of 1763 upon the American Colonies. This proclamation forbade any settlement of British citizens west of the Appalachian Mountains. With a growing population, a lack of land, and no voice in the British Government this decision angered many colonists and is often cited as one of the main reasons for the American Revolution. But how did a lacrosse game influence the colonies in their revolt against Great Britain? To find out you'll just have to listen!

It had been just over three years after General James Wolfe met the Marquis de Saint-Veran, General Louis-Joseph Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham. Though it would cost both commanders their lives, it would be the turning point in the war that would lead to the inevitable British victory in North America. Not even the French successes at the Battle of Quebec could turn that tide anymore. Now, with the Treaty of Paris signed by France, England and Spain, that vast Northern territory that once belonged to Louis XV now rested in the hands of his nation’s ancient enemy. Soon it would fall upon the shoulders of the newly appointed Governor-General, Jeffery Amherst, the chief architect of the British victory, to secure the peace as, as Francis Parkman, author of France and England in North America, would observe, “Half of the continent had changed hands at the scratch of a pen.” Perhaps had the Court of St. James chosen any other man some level of conciliation with the Native tribes could have been reached. Yet, for as much disdain as General Amherst felt towards the French he now was charged with the governance of, it was nothing compared to the contempt he had for the Native American people. The idea that he might have to somehow placate them and keep the peace with them through the giving of gifts did nothing to change that opinion. Even as the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Northern District, General William Johnson, a man respected by the tribes he was charged with keeping the peace with, pleaded with him to maintain those ties with Native Nations, he would make his position abundantly clear, “When Men of What race soever, behave ill they must be punished but not bribed.” In that arrogant dismal it would soon become apparent that the days of friendlier relations with the French were over as Amherst demonstrated his lack of patience with them. Not only would he stop the gifts, trade would be restricted and guns and gun powder to the tribes would be limited, fueling the animosity between the two peoples. The fact that the British would refuse to pull from the Allegheny Valley at the forks of the Ohio would nothing to ease this tensions. It would be Amherst hardline policies that would lead Chief Pontiac to unite the Great Lake tribes, the Ottawa, Ojibwa, Huron, and Potawatomi, to rise up, and throw off the European advances, embracing the traditional way of life preached by “The Delaware Prophet” Neolin. Just two days prior Pontiac had passed the gates of Fort Detroit with 300 men, their guns hidden in their blankets. He had hoped to launch a surprise attack and chase the British from its walls, but word had already reached Major Henry Gladwin of the plans. Even as they entered Pontiac and his men came to the realization that they were outgunned as they saw the British troops stationed around them with bayonets loaded and ready. The attack would be halted. The next day Pontiac, accompanied by three other Chief’s of the Ottawa, made every indication they had wanted peace. They had appeared before the gates of Fort Detroit to parlay with Gladwin, presenting him with a Calumet, a ceremonial pipe, with the assurances that they would return the next day to smoke it with him in the name of peace. Then, on May 9th, 1763, at about 11 am, Pontiac would return with approximately 400 men that rowed 56 canoes across the river to the gates of the fort. Captain Donald Campbell, who would later be taken under a flag of truce, bludgeoned to death, scalped and dismembered by the Objibwa, before their Chief Wasson cut out and ate his heart, would come forward from the gate to greet them. Gladwin, acutely aware of the danger that Pontiac presented, and distrustful of all Natives even before this, would allow only a small number through the gate. Pontiac would explain that all his people would want to smell the smoke of the pipe. Gladwin would respond that then all would be allowed to enter, but only in small groups, one leaving before another would be allowed in. The embarrassment and humiliation felt by Pontiac would be almost too much to bear, but worse yet, he knew the element of surprise was lost. Even as they turned from the gates they knew what had to be done and they would not be satisfied until the British were either dead or chased from Detroit. As the war dance died down from the Native Camps, the war cry would go up as the Siege of Fort Detroit had begun, setting in motion a series of events that would send ripples and waves through the colonies for over a decade. A brutal engagement, of which Pontiac himself was only responsible for a small part of the planning of, Pontiac’s Rebellion would spread as far west as present day Indiana and into the east as they laid siege on Fort Pitt, bringing out the darker nature of both sides as no mercy was shown. Amherst himself would propose the use of smallpox laden blankets to subdue the Native population as his sights would turn to biological warfare. The native tribes, in many instances, made no distinction between settler and soldier, torturing and slaughter both, as they had done with surrendering soldiers. In Western Pennsylvania British Colonists would form their own vigilante groups, and, making no distinction between friend or foe, murdered Native’s indiscriminately, while, in at least one case, that of Captain Campbell, a British soldier was cannibalized by the enemy. In the end the there would be no certainty as to the number of the losses from either side as, as one historian would describe it, “Both sides seemed intoxicated with genocidal fanaticism.” Aware now of the dangers and the struggles now faced with the conclusion of the French and Indian Wars, George III would, by October of that year, sign the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which would forbid British settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains and void land grants offered by the Crown for service to it. Though having been planned before the Siege of Fort Detroit, Pontiac’s actions pushed it through hastily and pre-maturely. Even now one need not examine too hard the effects that it would ultimately have on the British subjects across the Atlantic. Having looked Westward for the abundance of land, and the potential that it brought, the Proclamation would enrage Colonists, who believed expansion into that territory was their right and destiny, bringing latent resentment towards the Court of Saint James and that far distant, far removed government in London to the forefront, resentments that would rear their head during the course of the next decade and beyond as America marched itself towards Revolution. Eventually peace would be struck but, by that time, the damage had already been done. In the end the measures taken by the Crown to prevent future rebellion would, in turn, offer kindling to a different sort.

Because the Royal Proclamation of 1763 stated that the Crown must negotiate and sign treaties with the indigenous people before land could be ceded to a colony, the Numbered Treaties were negotiated in most parts of the Prairie Provinces. The Government of the Colony of British Columbia however, largely failed to negotiate treaties and as a result, most of the province's land is not covered by treaties. The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada (or First Nations) and the reigning monarch of Canada from 1871 to 1921. Today, these agreements are managed by the Government of Canada, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law and overseen by the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs. What are the myriad of issues related to the upholding of these treaties and how are non-treaties being viewed in the context of Canadian law? The speaker will paint a picture of the historical and current negotiation process and how First Nations Peoples arguable were/are at a disadvantage. Speaker: Don McIntyre Don McIntyre is an Ojibway of the Wolf Clan from Timiskaming First Nation and is an award winning painter and carver working throughout his life in the traditional style of his territories, and more recently layering modern urban-life visions into his work. A lifetime academic as well, Don is currently completing his PhD in Laws looking at Legal Pluralism and the abilities of Indigenous Socio-Legal practices to enhance and improve Western legal paradigms. He received his LLB/JD and Master of Laws from University of British Columbia. Briefly working in the area of Corporate-Commercial Litigation for a large international law firm, Don went on to launch his own law corporation specializing in the areas of Aboriginal Law, Governance, Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Art Law. His passion for academics and creativity drew him away from his practice and naturally to teaching.  Don has taught at colleges, universities and in First Nation communities in North America and around the world providing knowledge in the areas of Indigenous Art and Traditions, Social Innovation, Law and Society, Negotiations, and Treaty. He is presently Assistant Professor at the University of Lethbridge in the Native American Studies Department.  He is also ongoing faculty at The Banff Centre in the Indigenous Leadership and Management Development programs.  Moderator:   Larry Elford Date: Thursday, May 12, 2016 Time: Noon - 1:30 PM (30 minutes each for presentation, lunch and Q & A) Location: Country Kitchen Catering (Lower level of The Keg) 1715 Mayor Magrath Dr. S Cost: $11.00 (includes lunch) or $2.00 (includes coffee/tea) Visit the SACPA website: http://www.sacpa.ca

Because the Royal Proclamation of 1763 stated that the Crown must negotiate and sign treaties with the indigenous people before land could be ceded to a colony, the Numbered Treaties were negotiated in most parts of the Prairie Provinces. The Government of the Colony of British Columbia however, largely failed to negotiate treaties and as a result, most of the province's land is not covered by treaties. The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada (or First Nations) and the reigning monarch of Canada from 1871 to 1921. Today, these agreements are managed by the Government of Canada, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law and overseen by the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs. What are the myriad of issues related to the upholding of these treaties and how are non-treaties being viewed in the context of Canadian law? The speaker will paint a picture of the historical and current negotiation process and how First Nations Peoples arguable were/are at a disadvantage. Speaker: Don McIntyre Don McIntyre is an Ojibway of the Wolf Clan from Timiskaming First Nation and is an award winning painter and carver working throughout his life in the traditional style of his territories, and more recently layering modern urban-life visions into his work. A lifetime academic as well, Don is currently completing his PhD in Laws looking at Legal Pluralism and the abilities of Indigenous Socio-Legal practices to enhance and improve Western legal paradigms. He received his LLB/JD and Master of Laws from University of British Columbia. Briefly working in the area of Corporate-Commercial Litigation for a large international law firm, Don went on to launch his own law corporation specializing in the areas of Aboriginal Law, Governance, Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Art Law. His passion for academics and creativity drew him away from his practice and naturally to teaching.  Don has taught at colleges, universities and in First Nation communities in North America and around the world providing knowledge in the areas of Indigenous Art and Traditions, Social Innovation, Law and Society, Negotiations, and Treaty. He is presently Assistant Professor at the University of Lethbridge in the Native American Studies Department.  He is also ongoing faculty at The Banff Centre in the Indigenous Leadership and Management Development programs.  Moderator:   Larry Elford Date: Thursday, May 12, 2016 Time: Noon - 1:30 PM (30 minutes each for presentation, lunch and Q & A) Location: Country Kitchen Catering (Lower level of The Keg) 1715 Mayor Magrath Dr. S Cost: $11.00 (includes lunch) or $2.00 (includes coffee/tea) Visit the SACPA website: http://www.sacpa.ca

Because the Royal Proclamation of 1763 stated that the Crown must negotiate and sign treaties with the indigenous people before land could be ceded to a colony, the Numbered Treaties were negotiated in most parts of the Prairie Provinces. The Government of the Colony of British Columbia however, largely failed to negotiate treaties and as a result, most of the province's land is not covered by treaties. The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada (or First Nations) and the reigning monarch of Canada from 1871 to 1921. Today, these agreements are managed by the Government of Canada, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law and overseen by the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs. What are the myriad of issues related to the upholding of these treaties and how are non-treaties being viewed in the context of Canadian law? The speaker will paint a picture of the historical and current negotiation process and how First Nations Peoples arguable were/are at a disadvantage. Speaker: Don McIntyre Don McIntyre is an Ojibway of the Wolf Clan from Timiskaming First Nation and is an award winning painter and carver working throughout his life in the traditional style of his territories, and more recently layering modern urban-life visions into his work. A lifetime academic as well, Don is currently completing his PhD in Laws looking at Legal Pluralism and the abilities of Indigenous Socio-Legal practices to enhance and improve Western legal paradigms. He received his LLB/JD and Master of Laws from University of British Columbia. Briefly working in the area of Corporate-Commercial Litigation for a large international law firm, Don went on to launch his own law corporation specializing in the areas of Aboriginal Law, Governance, Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Art Law. His passion for academics and creativity drew him away from his practice and naturally to teaching.  Don has taught at colleges, universities and in First Nation communities in North America and around the world providing knowledge in the areas of Indigenous Art and Traditions, Social Innovation, Law and Society, Negotiations, and Treaty. He is presently Assistant Professor at the University of Lethbridge in the Native American Studies Department.  He is also ongoing faculty at The Banff Centre in the Indigenous Leadership and Management Development programs.  Moderator:   Larry Elford Date: Thursday, May 12, 2016 Time: Noon - 1:30 PM (30 minutes each for presentation, lunch and Q & A) Location: Country Kitchen Catering (Lower level of The Keg) 1715 Mayor Magrath Dr. S Cost: $11.00 (includes lunch) or $2.00 (includes coffee/tea) Visit the SACPA website: http://www.sacpa.ca

Because the Royal Proclamation of 1763 stated that the Crown must negotiate and sign treaties with the indigenous people before land could be ceded to a colony, the Numbered Treaties were negotiated in most parts of the Prairie Provinces. The Government of the Colony of British Columbia however, largely failed to negotiate treaties and as a result, most of the province's land is not covered by treaties. The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada (or First Nations) and the reigning monarch of Canada from 1871 to 1921. Today, these agreements are managed by the Government of Canada, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law and overseen by the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs. What are the myriad of issues related to the upholding of these treaties and how are non-treaties being viewed in the context of Canadian law? The speaker will paint a picture of the historical and current negotiation process and how First Nations Peoples arguable were/are at a disadvantage. Speaker: Don McIntyre Don McIntyre is an Ojibway of the Wolf Clan from Timiskaming First Nation and is an award winning painter and carver working throughout his life in the traditional style of his territories, and more recently layering modern urban-life visions into his work. A lifetime academic as well, Don is currently completing his PhD in Laws looking at Legal Pluralism and the abilities of Indigenous Socio-Legal practices to enhance and improve Western legal paradigms. He received his LLB/JD and Master of Laws from University of British Columbia. Briefly working in the area of Corporate-Commercial Litigation for a large international law firm, Don went on to launch his own law corporation specializing in the areas of Aboriginal Law, Governance, Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Art Law. His passion for academics and creativity drew him away from his practice and naturally to teaching.  Don has taught at colleges, universities and in First Nation communities in North America and around the world providing knowledge in the areas of Indigenous Art and Traditions, Social Innovation, Law and Society, Negotiations, and Treaty. He is presently Assistant Professor at the University of Lethbridge in the Native American Studies Department.  He is also ongoing faculty at The Banff Centre in the Indigenous Leadership and Management Development programs.  Moderator:   Larry Elford Date: Thursday, May 12, 2016 Time: Noon - 1:30 PM (30 minutes each for presentation, lunch and Q & A) Location: Country Kitchen Catering (Lower level of The Keg) 1715 Mayor Magrath Dr. S Cost: $11.00 (includes lunch) or $2.00 (includes coffee/tea) Visit the SACPA website: http://www.sacpa.ca

Guest Robert Olwell describes the Royal Proclamation of 1763, its effects on the history of colonial North America, and ponders whether it is really the smoking gun that caused the American Revolution as some have claimed.

Between 1754 and 1763, Great Britain, France, and a collection of French-allied Native American tribes fought a brutal war over trading rights in colonial North America. This war, generally called the "French and Indian War," or "The Seven Years' War," resulted in a British victory and a large acquisition of French territory across the eastern half of North America. So, faced with the task of how colonists would settle all of this land, King George III issued a Royal Proclamation in 1763 which attempted to reorganize the boundaries of colonial America, as well as the lives of its inhabitants. Guest Robert Olwell describes the proclamation, its effects on the history of colonial North America, and ponders whether the Royal Proclamation is really the smoking gun that caused the American Revolution as some have claimed.

Indigenous Nations all over the world have been occupied for centuries by settlers who push them off of their land and take resources without permission or respect for the land, water and air. After trying to use domestic and international approaches, including the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, to regain legal sovereignty and failing, Indigenous Nations are rising up. We speak with Clayton Thomas Muller, Sylvia Mcadam and SuZanne MoniQue Patels of Idle No More about the movement, steps they are taking to protect the Earth and the October 7 Day to Proclaim Sovereignty. Today is the 250th anniversary of the Royal Proclamation, also known as the Indian's Magna Carta. For more information, see ClearingtheFOGRadio.org.

A sermon on Matthew 11:20-30