Podcasts about nouvelle france

On part en Nouvelle-France ! Après Québec, fondé en 1608, c'est en 1634 que Trois-Rivières voit le jour, c'est la deuxième ville d'importance. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=63803 https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/425859/sieur-prenom https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_Trois-Rivières#:~:text=En%201599%20raconte%20Champlain%2C%20le,la%20rivière%20dans%20le%20fleuve. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laviolette https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trois-Rivières https://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/laviolette_m_1F.html https://montrealbb.ca/chemin-du-roy/ Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #toponymie #troisrivieres #laval

En fait, si on regarde les cartes de la Nouvelle-France, c'est pas Laval qu'on voit, mais plutôt l'île Jesus… Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/laval-6#:~:text=Laval%20est%20séparée%20de%20l,seigneur%20de%20l'île%20Jésus. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/aujourd-hui-l-histoire/episodes/805049/rattrapage-mardi-20-fevrier-2024/transcription https://www.laval.ca/histoire-et-patrimoine/Pages/Fr/laval-histoire.aspx Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire

On termine le mois de marde avec deux mardes d'époque de grande envergure: Nouvelle-France de Jean Beaudin et Christopher Columbus: The Discovery de John Glen. Aussi au programme: Dreadnaught (1981), Crooked Hearts (1991), Samurai 1: Mushashi Miyamoto (1954) et Une langue universelle (2024)!

Qu'est-ce que la reine de France Blanche de Castille, la canadienne française Julie Papineau et la mannequin américaine Jerry Hall ont en commun? Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Texte: Geneviève C. Bergeron Montage: Martin Bérubé  @proposmontreal  Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: Lett, Didier et Marie-France Morel. Une histoire de l'allaitement. Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2006. Collectif Clio. Histoire des femmes au Québec depuis quatre siècles. Idéelles, Montréal, Le Jour, 1992. Julie Papineau, Une femme patriote. Correspondance, 1823-1862, 1997, Septentrion. Knibiehler, Yvonne. L'allaitement et la société. Recherches féministes, volume 16, numéro 2, 2003. Knibiehler, Yvonne. Histoire des mères et de la maternité en Occident. Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je? », no 3539, 2017. Rollet, Catherine et Marie-France Morel. Des bébés et des hommes. Traditions et modernité des soins aux tout-petits. Paris, Albin Michel, 2000. Rollet, Catherine. « Histoire de l'allaitement en France : pratiques et représentations », novembre 2005, version Web. Collectif. Breastfeeding. Biocultural Perspectives. New York, Aldine de Gruyter, 1995. Sánchez Romero, Margarita. Pratiques maternelles : allaitement et sevrage dans les sociétés préhistoriques. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. Supplément, volume 19, numéro 1, 2019. Dasen, Véronique. Le sourire d'Omphale : maternité́ et petite enfance dans l'Antiquité́. Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2015. Morel, Marie-France. Théories et pratiques de l'allaitement en France au XVIIIe siècle. Annales de démographie historique, 1976. Jean-Sébastien Marsan, Histoire populaire de l'amour au Québec : de la Nouvelle-France à la Révolution tranquille, tome 1 : Avant 1760, Fides, 2019. Dasen, Véronique et Marie-Claire Gérard-Zai, dir. Art de manger, art de vivre : nourriture et société de l'Antiquité à nos jours. Paris, Infolio, 2012. Pedrucci, Giulia. Allaitements « transgressifs » dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. Supplément, volume 19, numéro1, 2019. Romanet, Emmanuelle. « Politique et alimentation : l'allaitement, une préoccupation ancestrale du pouvoir », Transtext(e) s Transcultures, 10, 2015. Yalom, Marilyn. Le sein. Une histoire. Paris, Galaade Editions, 2010. Fildes, Valeria A. Breasts, bottles and babies: an history on infant feeding. Edinburg, University Press, 1986. Hartmann, Peter E. et Melina Boss. How Breastfeegind Works: Anatomy and Physiology of Human lactation, dans Breatfeeding and Breastmilk, 2018. Herrscher, Estelle. Détection isotopique des modalités d'allaitement et de sevrage à partir des ossements archéologiques. Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique, volume 48, numéro 2, avril 2013, p. 75-85. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1318318/bebes-prehistoriques-lait-animal-biberons Blin, Dominique, Édith Thoueille et Michel Soulé. L'allaitement maternel : une dynamique à bien comprendre. Paris, Érès, 2007 Boneless Archéologie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhAW6sYBm8E Sánchez Romero, Margarita. Pratiques maternelles : allaitement et sevrage dans les sociétés préhistoriques. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. Supplément, volume 19, numéro 1, 2019. Nathoo, Tasnim et Aleck Ostry. The one best way? : breastfeeding history, politics, and policy in Canada. Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009. Sautereau, Manuelle. Aux origines de la pédiatrie moderne : le Docteur Léon Dufour et l'œuvre de la « Goutte de lait » (1894-1928). Annales de Normandie, 41e année, numéro 3, 1991. Jean, Frédéric. « L'empoisonnement par le lait ». L'impact de la campagne du lait pur sur la lutte à la mortalité infantile au Québec, 1880-1930 : le cas de Montréal. Mémoire de maîtrise, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. Dombrow Apple, Rima. Mothers and medicine: a social history of infant feeding 1890-1950. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. Pauline Gravel, « Allaiter son enfant, pour l'amour de la planète », Le Devoir, 3 octobre 2019. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1227553/australopitheque-bebe-mere-allaitement https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0141076815588539 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-624-x/2013001/article/11879-fra.htm Caroline Quach-Thanh à Dessine-moi un dimanche, Radio-Canada, 3 octobre 2021. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1886881/penurie-lait-hypoallergenique-parents-bebes Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #allaitement #lait #laitmaternel #breastfeeding

Depuis qu'il y a des bébés, il y a des nourrices! Pour plein de raisons, des mères ne peuvent pas allaiter depuis toujours. Pour les remplacer, il y a d'autres femmes qui allaitent à leur place, par solidarité, contre un salaire ou parce qu'elles y sont contraintes. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Texte: Geneviève C. Bergeron Montage: Martin Bérubé de  @proposmontreal  sur YouTube Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: Fildes, Valeria A. Breasts, bottles and babies: an history on infant feeding. Edinburg, University Press, 1986. Fildes, Valeria A. Wet nursing from antiquity to the present. Oxford, Basil Blackweil, 1988. Rollet, Catherine. Des gutti aux biberons contemporains, dans Premiers cris, premières nourritures. Version Web. https://books.openedition.org/pup/34728 Rollet, Catherine. La politique à l'égard de la petite enfance sous la IIIe République. Paris, Institut national d'études démographiques, PUF, 1990. Knibiehler, Yvonne. L'allaitement et la société. Recherches féministes, volume 16, numéro 2, 2003. Knibiehler, Yvonne. Histoire des mères et de la maternité en Occident. Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je? », no 3539, 2017. Lett, Didier et Marie-France Morel. Une histoire de l'allaitement. Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2006. Romanet, Emmanuelle. « La mise en nourrice, une pratique répandue en France au XIXe siècle », Transtext(e)s Transcultures, 8, 2013. Fay-Sallois, Fanny. Les nourrices à Paris au XIXe siècle. Paris, Payot, 1980. Yalom, Marilyn. Le sein. Une histoire. Paris, Galaade Editions, 2010. Morel, Marie-France. Théories et pratiques de l'allaitement en France au XVIIIe siècle. Annales de démographie historique, 1976. Morel, Marie-France. « À quoi servent les enfants trouvés? Les médecins et le problème de l'abandon dans la France du XVIIIe siècle », dans Enfance abandonnée et société en Europe, XIVe-XXe siècle. Actes du colloque international de Rome (30 et 31 janvier 1987), Rome, École Française de Rome, 1991. Lemieux, Denise. Les petits innocents : l'enfance en Nouvelle-France, Québec : Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1985. Collectif Clio. Histoire des femmes au Québec depuis quatre siècles. Idéelles, Montréal, Le Jour, 1992. Gauvreau, Danielle. À propos de la mise en nourrice à Québec pendant le Régime français. Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française, volume 41, numéro 1, 1987. Gauvreau, Danielle. Destins de femmes, destins de mères : images et réalités historiques de la maternité au Québec. Recherches sociographiques, volume 32, numéro 3, 1991. Lactarium https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarium Banque de lait maternel, Héma-Québec https://www.hema-quebec.qc.ca/lait-maternel/donneuses-lait/banque-publique-lait-maternel.fr.html Malboeuf, « Héma-Québec pourrait ouvrir une banque de lait maternel », Le Soleil, 18 octobre 2010. Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #lait #nourrice #nursery #nanny #nurse

Pour débuter l'émission de ce mercredi 5 février 2025, les GG : Bruno Poncet, cheminot, Didier Giraud, agriculteur, et Fatima Aït-Bounoua, professeure de français, débattent du sujet du jour : "La nouvelle France rurale, c'est celle des quartiers".

Pour le patron de LFI, il faut favoriser la submersion des zones rurales, synonymes dans sa bouche d'un passé et de traditions rances, par les habitants des banlieues issues de l'immigration.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Pascal Praud revient pendant deux heures, sans concession, sur tous les sujets qui font l'actualité. Aujourd'hui, il revient sur les propos polémiques de Jean-Luc Mélenchon qui affirme vouloir et tout mettre en œuvre pour atteindre une campagne sans paysans mais avec des personnes issues de l'immigration. Vous voulez réagir ? Appelez-le 01.80.20.39.21 (numéro non surtaxé) ou rendez-vous sur les réseaux sociaux d'Europe 1 pour livrer votre opinion et débattre sur les grandes thématiques développées dans l'émission du jour. Vous voulez réagir ? Appelez-le 01.80.20.39.21 (numéro non surtaxé) ou rendez-vous sur les réseaux sociaux d'Europe 1 pour livrer votre opinion et débattre sur grandes thématiques développées dans l'émission du jour.

En ce début d'automne 1738, Jean Louis le Loutre, arrive en Acadie, à l'est du Canada. Ce missionnaire originaire de Morlaix a franchi l'Atlantique pour prendre ses fonctions auprès des tribus amérindiennes Mi'kmaq. Sa mission : apprendre la langue Mi'kmaq pour évangéliser les Amérindiens. Mais son rôle est aussi politique : pour les Français, l'alliance avec les Amérindiens est essentielle, dans un territoire alors sous domination britannique. Avec : Eva Guillorel, maîtresse de conférences en histoire moderne à l'Université Rennes 2. Elle est spécialiste des cultures orales et a notamment publié l'article "Parler breton en Nouvelle-France" dans les Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Bretagne. L'Almanac'h est une série produite par Bretagne Culture Diversité. Réalisation : Antoine Gouritin. Responsable éditoriale : Anna Quéré Musique originale : Jeff Alluin. Crédit photo : Cabot Trail, Cape Breton, Canada. Source : Wikimedia Commons Pour aller plus loin : Eva Guillorel, Parler breton en Nouvelle-France, Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Bretagne, 2023 Un projet de recherche sur les populations francophones sur le continent nord-américain (1640-1940) : https://migrationsfrancophones.ustboniface.ca/ Maxime Morin, Le rôle politique des abbés Pierre Maillard, Jean-Louis Le Loutre et François Picquet dans les relations franco-amérindiennes à la fin du régime français (1734-1763), Université Laval, 2009 Gilles Havard, Cécile Vidal, Histoire de l'Amérique française, Champs Flammarion, 2006

Tous les vendredis, samedis et dimanches soirs, Pascale de La Tour du Pin reçoit deux invités pour des débats d'actualités. Avis tranchés et arguments incisifs sont aux programmes de 19h30 à 20h00.

Tous les vendredis, samedis et dimanches soirs, Pascale de La Tour du Pin reçoit deux invités pour des débats d'actualités. Avis tranchés et arguments incisifs sont aux programmes de 19h30 à 20h00.

Le métier de bourreau était ingrat, et la personne qui l'exerçait demeurait parfois anonyme. L'historien Hugues Théorêt trace le portrait de ces exécuteurs des hautes œuvres – au Canada, la mise à mort se faisait surtout par pendaison –, dont certains étaient célèbres.

Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Bonus Episode from La Fayette, We Are Here! podcast. The Nouvelle France (New France) is the French colonization of North America. Over a couple of centuries, the French established settlements all over North America, especially along the St. Lawrence and Mississippi River but also in Nova Scotia, Florida, Louisiana and more. New France existed from the first adventures of Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763 and the signature of the treaty of Paris, that saw France lose most of its American possessions. It is a remarkable, violent, tragic and perennial story. Created and hosted by Emmanuel Dubois. Find and subscribe to La Fayette, We Are Here! on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. All episodes, show notes, and transcripts can be found at https://www.lafayettepodcast.com/. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

durée : 00:04:14 - La faute aux jeux vidéo - par : Olivier Bénis - Cette semaine, je vous propose un long voyage vers le Canada (ou plutôt la "Nouvelle-France"), avec un jeu vidéo québécois nommé "Two Falls - Nishu Takuatshina", qui nous emmène au XVIIe siècle pour vivre la rencontre entre deux êtres, deux cultures, deux mondes que tout semble opposer.

Dans cet épisode 151 du Trio économique, nous discutons de l'histoire autochtone, en particulier des relations entre les colons européens et les Amérindiens dans un cas précis : celui de l'Acadie avant la déportation. On y découvre un territoire en situation d'anarchie. Il n'y a ni État, ni armée, ni police... seulement deux nations qui cohabitent, soit les Acadiens et les Micmacs. Les résultats sont fascinants : les habitants de l'Acadie étaient deux fois plus riches que ceux de la Nouvelle-France, plus libres, et les tensions communautaires y étaient massivement plus faibles. En réalité, les problèmes entre Européens et Autochtones se manifestent réellement à partir de 1860 avec la fondation du Canada, notamment avec l'Indian Act en 1876. Dans la PARTIE BONUS PATREON, Frank se demande si les arguments de Vincent, évoqués dans la première partie, s'appliquent au cas israélo-palestinien. Ian veut coloniser Mars, et Vincent se demande qui, entre Olivier Niquet et l'homme qui lui doit 500 $, aurait le plus de succès sur Patreon. On termine avec une étude qui tente d'évaluer la valeur de Radio-Canada… A...F...U...E...R...A ! TIMESTAMPS 0:00 Intro malaisante de Ian… 3:28 L'arrivée des européens et des maladies 7:30 Quel data pour cette période ? 9:07 Trade or Raid : Acadiens et Micmacs 18:03 Sans l'État, ce n'est pas le chaos 22:45 La figure du Léviathan 25:05 La théorie des jeux 28:30 Anarchie et chasse 30:50 La théorie de l'État fantôme 32:36 Le jeux de l'ultimatum 36:00 Les religions se régulent sans l'État 39:12 Acadie était 2 fois plus riche que QC 44:50 Jusqu'à 1860, ça va bien 47:20 Les métis : des hommes libres 52:35 Loi sur les indiens (1876) et métissage 57:46 Conclusion et vers Patreon Visiter notre Patreon pour des podcasts sans publicités avec quelques extras : www.patreon.com/isenechal Notre page Facebook : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/ISenechal⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Notre compte Twitter : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/PiluleRouge_CA⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Notrecompte TikTok : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@iansenechal⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Ian & Frank : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6FX9rKclX7qdlegxVFhO3B ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Les Affranchis : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/61ZraWorXHQL64KriHnWPr?si=e0ca97a8510845c6⁠⁠

durée : 00:59:16 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit, Maïwenn Guiziou - À partir du XVIIe siècle, la diplomatie devient une affaire véritablement mondiale. Des Petites Antilles à la Nouvelle-France, l'équilibre géopolitique européen excède désormais les frontières du Vieux Continent. - réalisation : Thomas Beau - invités : Éric Schnakenbourg Professeur d'histoire moderne à l'Université de Nantes, directeur du Centre de Recherche en Histoire Internationale et Atlantique; François Ternat Professeur d'histoire à l'INSPE de l'université de Rouen

Vous savez surement que cela à avoir, en gros avec la l'histoire de la colonisation française en Amérique du Nord au XVIIe siècle. Mais pourriez-vous end ire davantage ? La Colonisation Française :La présence du français au Québec remonte au début du XVIIe siècle, lorsque les explorateurs français comme Samuel de Champlain fondent la ville de Québec en 1608, établissant ainsi la première colonie permanente en Nouvelle-France. Au fil des décennies, les colons français s'installent dans cette région, peuplant principalement les rives du fleuve Saint-Laurent. La langue, la culture et les institutions françaises s'enracinent profondément, car les colons venus de France apportent avec eux leur mode de vie, leur religion catholique, et bien sûr, leur langue. La Conquête Britannique :En 1763, à la suite de la guerre de Sept Ans, la France cède la Nouvelle-France à la Grande-Bretagne par le Traité de Paris. Cette conquête marque un tournant dans l'histoire du Québec, mais contrairement à ce qu'on pourrait attendre, les Britanniques permettent aux habitants de conserver leur langue, leur religion catholique, et leur système juridique basé sur le droit civil français. Cette tolérance relative est stratégique pour maintenir l'ordre dans une colonie majoritairement francophone et catholique. Préservation de la Langue et de la Culture :Malgré la domination britannique, les Québécois francophones ont su préserver leur langue et leur culture grâce à des institutions clés comme l'Église catholique, qui joue un rôle central dans l'éducation et la vie sociale jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle. Le clergé et les élites locales veillent à ce que la langue française reste vivante dans les écoles, les églises, et les familles, et cette influence religieuse contribue à la résilience de la francophonie au Québec. Évolution Politique et Réformes Linguistiques :Au XXe siècle, le Québec connaît des mouvements de modernisation et d'affirmation de son identité, notamment lors de la Révolution tranquille dans les années 1960. Ce mouvement sociopolitique conduit à des réformes majeures, y compris la promotion active de la langue française comme langue officielle du Québec. La Charte de la langue française, adoptée en 1977 (loi 101), établit le français comme langue de travail, d'éducation et de commerce, consolidant ainsi son statut. Conclusion :Les Québécois parlent français parce que la langue a été solidement implantée lors de la colonisation et résolument préservée malgré les influences extérieures. La ténacité des francophones à maintenir leur langue face à la domination britannique et l'évolution des politiques linguistiques ont permis au français de perdurer et de s'épanouir au Québec, façonnant l'identité unique de cette province au sein du Canada anglophone. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

En marge du sommet de la francophonie, VMDN célèbre aussi la langue française. Aujourd'hui, Raphaël Confiant nous transporte nous dans la dernière moitié du 17e siècle, de Paris à la Martinique, en passant par le Québec et Saint-Domingue. Son dernier roman "Marie-Héloïse, fille du Roy" se nourrit de la grande Histoire, celle des colons et des esclaves pour raconter celle de la langue française. Raphaël Confiant nous parle de la traversée des filles du Roy. Ce sont ces jeunes, parfois très jeunes filles à marier qui ont quitté la France au 17e siècle sous le règne de Louis XIV. Ces départs sont guidés par la volonté d'accélérer le peuplement de ce que l'on appelait à l'époque la Nouvelle-France, « la Neuve-France », c'est-à-dire l'Acadie, le Canada et la Louisiane. C'est aussi pour cela que la langue française s'est répandue dans ces contrées d'Amérique du Nord. Une langue française pétrie du français d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, de métropole et des Caraïbes, mais aussi de créolité.Raphaël Confiant est l'invitée de VMDN. Son roman de fiction "Marie-Héloïse, fille du Roy" est disponible chez Mercure de France. 

En marge du sommet de la francophonie, VMDN célèbre aussi la langue française. Aujourd'hui, Raphaël Confiant nous transporte nous dans la dernière moitié du 17e siècle, de Paris à la Martinique, en passant par le Québec et Saint-Domingue. Son dernier roman "Marie-Héloïse, fille du Roy" se nourrit de la grande Histoire, celle des colons et des esclaves pour raconter celle de la langue française. Raphaël Confiant nous parle de la traversée des filles du Roy. Ce sont ces jeunes, parfois très jeunes filles à marier qui ont quitté la France au 17e siècle sous le règne de Louis XIV. Ces départs sont guidés par la volonté d'accélérer le peuplement de ce que l'on appelait à l'époque la Nouvelle-France, « la Neuve-France », c'est-à-dire l'Acadie, le Canada et la Louisiane. C'est aussi pour cela que la langue française s'est répandue dans ces contrées d'Amérique du Nord. Une langue française pétrie du français d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, de métropole et des Caraïbes, mais aussi de créolité.Raphaël Confiant est l'invitée de VMDN. Son roman de fiction "Marie-Héloïse, fille du Roy" est disponible chez Mercure de France. 

Simon et Hubert font leur maîtrise en Histoire à l'UQàR. Simon travaille sur le thème des boîtes à chanson des années soixante et Hubert sur l'économie de naufrage en Nouvelle-France. Ils travaillent en parallèle sur un projet de revue scientifique qui démocratiserait la recherche et la publication académique en sciences sociales, littérature, philosophie et autres domaines connexes. Julien pour sa part nous fait des révélations troublantes sur sa conception. Pour soutenir leur projet :https://laruchequebec.com/fr/projets/la-prochaine-revue-a-chacun-son-chapitreDescription du projet« La Prochaine Revue » est un projet basé dans la région du Bas-Saint-Laurent. Cette revue numérique, issue d'une initiative étudiante et non étudiante, vise à démocratiser la rédaction et la publication en sciences humaines et sociales. Avec son système de mentorat novateur qui cherche à ouvrir la recherche tant aux néophytes qu'aux chercheurs et chercheuses reconnu.es, « La Prochaine Revue » sera la première au Québec à offrir un véritable accompagnement de la part d'une équipe spécialisée pour la formation de la relève et pour la diffusion des connaissances. Entre le premier appel à contribution, prévu pour septembre 2024, et le lancement du site web, nous estimons pouvoir aider plus d'une trentaine de jeunes chercheur.es en devenir.Origine du projetÀ l'origine de « La Prochaine Revue » se trouve un groupe diversifié de jeunes diplômés passionnés, désireux de combler un vide dans le domaine de la publication académique en sciences humaines et sociales. Confrontés aux défis du passage de la rédaction scolaire à la publication scientifique, et constatant le caractère élitiste et hermétique de la publication savante, ils se sont unis pour créer une plateforme novatrice favorisant l'échange de connaissances et le mentorat au sein de ce domaine. C'est ainsi que fut fondée une maison d'édition, « Les Prochaines Éditions », qui a pour projet d'héberger « La Prochaine Revue ».À quoi servira le montant demandé?Les fonds récoltés seront investis dans le lancement de notre organisme à but non lucratif, ainsi que dans l'acquisition de matériels et de logiciels essentiels pour la revue. Votre donation soutiendra nos équipes dans la création d'un espace virtuel novateur pour la recherche académique en sciences humaines et sociales, permettant ainsi d'élargir nos activités et de marquer de notre empreinte ce domaine passionnant. Vos donations vont également être mobilisées afin de proposer un mentorat personnalisé à nos contributeurs et contributrices parmi lesquels se trouve une grande proportion de jeunes talents.

Pendant longtemps, les Filles du roi ont été décrites comme des filles de joie. Pourtant, la réalité est tout autre. L'historienne Catherine Ferland explique pourquoi leur place dans l'imaginaire collectif de la Nouvelle-France est considérable.

Dans cette émission : Animation de rue - Les Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France - L'époque de la Nouvelle-France - Visite du site des Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France.

Entre la fin du XVIe siècle et le traité de Paris, en 1763, qui voit la rétrocession de ces terres au Royaume-Uni, la France administre un vaste territoire canadien, connu sous le nom de Nouvelle-France.Les autorités peinent à peupler ces immenses contrées, qui ont Québec pour capitale. Et les femmes manquent beaucoup plus que les hommes. Au XVIIe siècle, en effet, elles représentaient à peine plus de 6 % de la population.Ce grand déséquilibre entre les sexes menace, à terme, le peuplement du territoire. Il faut donc trouver une solution pour y remédier.Puisqu'il y a très peu de femmes sur place, le seul moyen est d'en faire venir de la métropole. Louis XIV charge donc son ministre Colbert de trouver des femmes prêtes à s'embarquer pour le Nouveau Monde.L'offre pouvait paraître alléchante à des femmes pauvres. En effet, le Roi s'engageait à leur verser une dot et à payer aux candidates un trousseau neuf ainsi que la traversée pour la Nouvelle-France.C'est bien pourquoi, d'ailleurs, on prit l'habitude d'appeler ces femmes les "filles du Roi". Contrairement aux idées reçues, Colbert ne recrute pas des contingents de filles de joie.Cette rumeur a commencé à naître quand le ministre, pour parer au plus pressé, s'adresse à l'hôpital de la Salpêtrière pour trouver des candidates à l'émigration. Si quelques prostituées étaient bien recluses dans cet hospice réservé aux femmes, beaucoup de ses résidentes étaient des femmes sans ressources.C'est notamment parmi ces déshéritées que Colbert recrute les quelque 700 femmes qui, entre 1663 et 1673, rejoindront le Canada. On les choisit jeunes et célibataires. Elles doivent avoir une santé robuste et une vertu éprouvée.Pour s'en assurer, elles devaient présenter un "certificat de bonne conduite", signé par le curé de la paroisse. On note aussi la présence, parmi ces "filles du Roi", de nombreuses orphelines qui, n'ayant plus d'attaches en France, se sentaient plus libres de partir à l'aventure.Arrivées au Canada, elles se marient rapidement. En 10 ans, on enregistre plus de 4 500 naissances. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Pour acheter le livre: https://distributionhmh.com/livre/l-histoire-nous-le-dira-0564/ « En rappelant les origines du Québec, je souhaite faire œuvre utile et transmettre mon amour de l'histoire. » Après l'immense succès de L'HISTOIRE NOUS LE DIRA, Laurent Turcot récidive et propose de nouveau son regard unique et passionnant sur l'histoire du Québec. De la Nouvelle-France à aujourd'hui, en passant par la Conquête, le patrimoine bâti, les lieux signifiants et quelques-unes des affaires judiciaires qui ont secoué la province, l'historien explore certains marqueurs de l'identité collective qui permettent de mieux comprendre notre héritage social, culturel et politique. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: tome 1: https://distributionhmh.com/livre/l-histoire-nous-le-dira/ Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire

Cette semaine au balado: Patrick Provost congédié par l'Université Laval, la promotion des hypothèques halal par Ottawa et la culture de la rencontre en Nouvelle France avec l'historien Marco Wingender. Sans oublier notre  Grand Enjeu de la semaine.  Pour s'abonner: https://libre-media.com/abonnement (https://www.youtube.com/redirect?even...) Boutique en ligne: https://libremedia.myshopify.com/ (https://libremedia.myshopify.com/?utm...) © 2024 Libre Média - Tous droits réservés.

Faites un don et recevez un cadeau : http://don.storiavoce.com/ Aujourd'hui méconnue, l'histoire coloniale de la Nouvelle-France a pourtant fait l'objet de romans. Celui de Chateaubriand, intitulé les Natchez, dépeint un événement spectaculaire au cœur de la Louisiane du XVIIIe siècle. Le 28 novembre 1729, 600 guerriers amérindiens du peuple Natchez tuent plus de 200 colons français. Cette nation est pourtant alliée des Français, qui admirent son organisation hiérarchisée perçue comme un miroir de leur monarchie natale. S'il a longtemps été analysé seulement sous le prisme de la révolte, Gilles Havard mène lui une véritable enquête historique et ethnographique haletante pour comprendre les motivations derrière cet assaut meurtrier. L'invité : Gilles Havard est historien, directeur de recherche au CNRS au sein du laboratoire Mondes américains. Spécialiste de l'histoire des relations entre Amérindiens et Européens en Amérique du Nord, il a écrit plusieurs ouvrages de référence sur le sujet comme Histoire des coureurs de bois (Les Indes savantes, 2016, 904 pages, 35 €), qui a reçu le Grand prix des rendez-vous de l'histoire de Blois, ou l'Amérique Fantôme, les aventuriers francophones du Nouveau Monde (Flammarion, 2019, 656 pages, 26 €). Il vient de publier les Natchez, une histoire coloniale de la violence (Tallandier/Flammarion, 2024, 608 pages, 26,90 €). *** Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/HistoireEtCivilisationsMag Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/histoireetcivilisations/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/Storiavoce

À Parole autochtone, Melissa Mollen Dupuis souligne le 490e anniversaire du premier voyage de Jacques Cartier à destination de l'Amérique du Nord afin d'explorer de golfe du Saint-Laurent et éventuellement prendre possession du vaste territoire qui allait être nommé Nouvelle-France.

Avant la conquête britannique, les habitants de la vallée du Saint-Laurent s'appelaient les Canadiens, parce qu'ils habitaient le territoire désigné sous le nom de Canada à l'intérieur de la Nouvelle-France. Mais après la guerre de la Conquête et le Traité de Paris de 1763, le Canada devient « The Province of Quebec ». Pour autant, l'apparition du terme Québécois viendra presque deux siècles plus tard. Pourquoi?  Avec Anne-Sophie Carpentier  et Charles Trahan Une production QUB Avril 2024Pour de l'information concernant l'utilisation de vos données personnelles - https://omnystudio.com/policies/listener/fr

L'histoire du mouvement LGBTQ+ au Québec est celle d'une lutte contre la discrimination, mais aussi contre la violence. Dès l'arrivée des colons en Nouvelle-France, et comme dans la majorité des pays dans le monde, il est impossible à l'époque de vivre librement son identité de genre et son orientation sexuelle, et il faut donc se rencontrer dans des endroits secrets entre membres d'une même communauté. Avec Sophie Croteau et Charles Trahan Une production QUB Avril 2024Pour de l'information concernant l'utilisation de vos données personnelles - https://omnystudio.com/policies/listener/fr

1. Depuis quand les garçons portaient des robes ? 2. Pourquoi portaient-ils des robes ? 3. Quand ont-ils arrêté d'en porter et pourquoi ? Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Abonnez-vous à la chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: J. B. Paoletti, Pink and Blue. Telling the Boys from the Girls in America, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2012. J. B. Paoletti, « Clothing and Gender in America: Children's Fashions, 1890-1920 », Sign, Autumn, 1987, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 136-143. P. Ariès, L'enfant et la vie familiale sous l'Ancien Régime, Paris, Seuil, 1975 (1960). L. Gagnon, L'Apparition des modes enfantines au Québec. Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, Québec, 1992. S. Beauvalet-Boutouyrie et E. Berthiaud, Le rose et le bleu. La fabrique du féminin et du masculin, Paris, Belin, 2016. J. Ashelford, The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500–1914, Abrams, 1996. G. Vigarello, La robe: une histoire culturelle : du Moyen Âge à aujourd'hui, Paris, Seuil, 2017. G. Vigarello, Le corps redressé, Paris, Armand Colin, 1974. A. Sanciaud-Azanza, « L'évolution du costume enfantin au XVIIIe siècle : un enjeu politique et social », Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 46-4, 1999, pp. 770-783 C. Bard, Une histoire politique du pantalon, Paris, Seuil, 2010. D. Bruna et C. Demey (dir.), Histoire des modes et du vêtement du Moyen Âge au XXIe siècle, Paris, Textuel, 2018. J. Gélis, « L'individualisation de l'enfant », Histoire de la vie privée, t. 3, sous la direction de Philippe Ariès et Georges Duby, Paris, Seuil, 1986, p. 311-329. J. Grant, « A “Real Boy” and not a Sissy: Gender, Childhood, and Masculinity, 1890–1940 », Journal of Social History, Vol. 37, no 4, 2004, p. 829-851. A. Vickery, « Golden age to separate spheres? A review of the categories and chronology of English women's history », The Historical Journal. 36 (2), 1993, 383–414. L. Baumgarten, What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America, Yale University Press, 2002. M. Dumas, « L'enfant, ce petit adulte...», Cap-aux-Diamants, 4(2), 1988, p. 29-31. E. Bélec, « Pour le bien-être des tout-petits : l'image des enfants dans l'iconographie publicitaire des grands magasins montréalais, 1900-1915 », Mémoire de maîtrise, UQAM, 2014, D. Lemieux, Les petits innocents. L'enfance en Nouvelle-France, Québec, IQRS, 1985. S. Jahan, Les renaissances du corps en Occident (1450-1650), Paris, Belin, 2004. Breeching https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeching_(boys)#cite_ref-10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeching_(boys) For Centuries, People Celebrated a Little Boy's First Pair of Trousers, Literally a party in your pants. Natasha Frost, September 18, 2017 https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/breeching-party-first-pants-regency-trousers-boys Matthew Willis, « Boys in Dresses: The Tradition », JStor Daily, 11 avril 2023. https://daily.jstor.org/boys-in-dresses-the-tradition/ Little Lord Fauntleroy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy Les Petites Mains, Histoire de mode enfantine, Mode enfantine et luxe (5) – Le petit enfant en robe, Viviane LeHouedec, 31 août 2012 https://les8petites8mains.blogspot.com/2012/08/mode-enfantine-et-luxe-5-le-petit.html Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #robesenfants #robesgarçons #littlelordfauntleroy

Il y a tout juste 500 ans, le navigateur Français Giovanni da Verrazzano est le premier à avoir foulé le sol de la future New York... Son âme de patriote a évidemment eu quelques répercussions... Du lundi au vendredi, Lorànt Deutsch vous donne rendez-vous dans la matinale de RTL. Chaque jour, l'animateur de "Entrez dans l'histoire" revient sur ces grands moments qui ont façonné notre pays.

L'historien Éric Bédard raconte la vie du navigateur Louis-Antoine de Bougainville. Avant de réaliser un tour du monde au nom de la France, l'explorateur aurait pu changer le cours du conflit avec les troupes anglaises en Nouvelle-France sur les plaines d'Abraham.

Avec l'autrice québécoise Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba, on va prendre le bois. Direction le Kamouraska, les épinettes et une cabane solitaire au bord de la rivière tel un refuge pour écrire, renouer et lutter.Rediffusion. Un jour, à l'aune de ses 26 ans, Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba a décidé de quitter le confort étroit de sa ville Montréal et son poste de traductrice, pour aller vivre seule en ermite au cœur de la forêt boréale, dans une cabane sans électricité, eau courante ni réseau téléphonique.La cabane, c'est d'abord un rêve d'enfance, de repli nourricier et de refuge un peu secret, pour l'imaginaire et les grands rêves qu'on ne s'avoue qu'à soi. Et pour la Québécoise Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba, la cabane, sa cabane dans le Kamouraska où elle va finalement passer trois ans, sera le lieu d'une reconquête personnelle, la réappropriation d'un vaste territoire sauvage souvent préempté par les hommes et le point de départ de sa vie d'écrivaine, la plume trempée dans l'eau d'érable et des rivières. Depuis, nourrie de ses trois années passées dans le grand silence boréal, au plus près du vivant, parmi les lynx et les coyotes, la trentenaire a publié trois romans écoféministes qui ont rencontré le succès au Québec, en France et au-delà dans le monde. Son premier livre « Encabanée », un roman aux allures de journal intime fiévreux, est venu renouveler à sa manière le genre des récits de cabane, un genre qui, de Henry David Thoreau à Sylvain Tesson, était surtout l'apanage des hommes. « Sauvagines », son deuxième ouvrage, questionne et dénonce le braconnage et le rapport à la faune sauvage qu'entretient le Québec de sa fondation, au temps des coureurs des bois de la Nouvelle France, à nos jours. « Bivouac » son dernier livre, raconte quant à lui, la lutte collective de citoyens et d'éco-warriors pour la défense de pins centenaires contre un projet d'oléoduc, une lutte que l'autrice a elle-même connue et menée dans le Kamouraska.Bien qu'elle ait recours à la fiction, la trajectoire de Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba comme son rapport intime, poétique à la forêt boréale irriguent ses romans plus vrais que nature, à fleur de peau et de lichen. Et au fil des pages de ce triptyque ardent, l'écrivaine invite le lecteur à se plonger en forêt, à mieux la connaître, à la défendre aussi. Ce qu'elle fait elle-même, achetant pour la protéger, des hectares de forêt avec ses droits d'auteurs tirés de son œuvre déjà traduite en six langues. Une œuvre qui dit, crie parfois, le besoin d'enracinement, de poésie et de grande nature, de justice sociale et climatique d'une femme et peut-être de toute une génération.Une rencontre initialement diffusée en mai 2023Bibliographie - « Encabanée », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba. 2021. Éditions Le mot et le Reste. Édition Folio Poche en 2022.- « Sauvagines », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba 2021. Éditions Stock.- « Bivouac », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba. 2022. Éditions Stock. Plus d'infos- Sur le premier épisode de notre série En retrait du monde, récits de cabanes et de refuges. 

The chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours (Our Lady of Good Help) is Montreal's oldest stone church, sitting for hundreds of years as a beacon of hope. It celebrates a special milestone this year, 250 years, having acted as a refuge for residents, pilgrims, sailors and travelers arriving by the St. Lawrence River and Seaway. Today we'll explore together a fascinating chapter of Catholic history in North America, and learn that key to the story of this chapel, and the Catholic community of Nouvelle France, is St. Marguerite Bourgeoys. She was the first teacher of the colony of Ville Marie, and founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame, and was laid to rest on the site she worked so hard to consecrate for the Lord, with help of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Faith Full is a Catholic podcast hosted by Tony Ganzer. This episode features Carole Golding, Pastoral Coordinator of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Montreal.  Learn more: https://margueritebourgeoys.org/en/history/  Visit our website: https://www.faithfullpod.com/  Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/lWcx-_JhVv0  Donate: https://www.faithfullpod.com/support/ Subscribe on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/faith-full-podcast/id1363835811 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/34sSHs8hHpOCi5csuTtiIv Google: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mYWl0aGZ1bGxwb2QubGlic3luLmNvbS9yc3M The Blessed Virgin Mary looks over Montreal's present and future, and stands as a beacon from its past…guiding us to her Son. The original chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours was founded by St. Marguerite Bourgeoys, building a foundation for this chapel and community that has survived war, fire, and the many difficulties of early colonial life. A statue of the Blessed Virgin overlooks the Old Port of Montreal, where sailors and settlers would arrive after facing the grueling path to the New World. This place represented peace. Refuge. And it still does, in a way. Montreal is a vibrant city, and the oldest quarter has its share of foot traffic: tourists, locals, pilgrims. The historic port, market, neighborhood, can feel quaint at times, and overwhelming at others. The chapel gives space for a quiet moment with God. You may remember our episode from the National Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help, the site of the only Catholic Church-approved Marian apparition in the US. That site has since been renamed the National Shrine of Our Lady of Champion to reflect the place where it occurred, but it doesn't take away I think from the original devotion to Our Lady of Good Help at that site, and the importance of the devotion here in Montreal. 

Le français est un des aspects les plus marquants du Québec. Truffé d'expressions et de sacres, le français québécois a fait l'objet, au cours de l'histoire, de nombreuses tentatives visant à l'écraser, à le normaliser ou encore à le glorifier. Comment se fait-il qu'on parle encore français aujourd'hui au Québec alors qu'il y a tout autour une mer anglophone de plus de 350 millions d'habitants ? Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir la chaîne, au choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Montage: Jean-François Blais. https://www.youtube.com/@104histoires Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laurentturcot Images provenant de https://www.storyblocks.com Musique issue du site : https://epidemicsound.com Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Sources et pour aller plus loin: Anne-Marie Beaudouin-Bégin, La langue racontée, s'approprier l'histoire du français, Montréal, Éditions Somme Toute, 2019. Benoît Melançon, Le niveau baisse (et autres idées reçues sur la langue), Montréal, Del Busso, 2015. Wim Remysen, « L'insécurité linguistique à l'école : un sujet d'étude et un champ d'intervention pour les sociolinguistes », dans La linguistique et le dictionnaire au service de l'enseignement du français au Québec, sous la dir. de Nadine Vincent et Sophie Piron, Montréal, Nota Bene, 2018, p. 25-59. Gaston Dulong, Dictionnaire des canadianismes, Paris, Larousse, 1989. Martin Pâquet et Marcel Martel, Langue et politique au Canada et au Québec : une synthèse historique, Montréal, Boréal, 2010 France Martineau, Wim Remysen et André Thibault, Le français au Québec et en Amérique du Nord, Paris, Ophrys en 2022. Jean-Benoît Nadeau, « L'accent québécois n'est pas archaïque », L'actualité, 3 novembre 2021. https://lactualite.com/societe/laccent-quebecois-nest-pas-archaique/ Philippe Barbaud, Le choc des patois en Nouvelle-France. Essai sur l'histoire de la francisation au Canada, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1984. Marcel Trudel, La population du Canada en 1663, Montréal, Fides, 1973. Jacques Leclerc, « L'implantation du français au Canada », Chaire pour le développement de la recherche sur la culture d'expression française en Amérique du Nord, février 2021. http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s1_Nlle-France.htm#4_Limplantation_du_français_au_Canada_ Jean-Denis Gendron, D'où vient l'accent des Québécois? Et celui des Parisiens ? Essai sur l'origine des accents. Contribution à l'histoire de la prononciation du français moderne, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 2007. Jean-Denis Gendron, La modernisation de l'accent québécois. De l'accent traditionnel au nouvel accent : 1841-1960. Esquisse historique. Contribution à l'histoire de la prononciation du français au Québec, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 2014. Claude Poirier (dir.), Dictionnaire historique du français québécois : monographies lexicographiques de québécismes, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1998. Chantal Bouchard, Méchante langue: la légitimité linguistique du français parlé au Québec, Montréal, Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 2011. Samuel Venière, « Régiment de Carignan-Salière », Encyclopédie canadienne, 12 février 2021. Claude Poirier, « La langue parlée en Nouvelle-France : vers une convergence des explications », dans Les origines du français québécois, sous la dir. de Raymond Mougeon et Édouard Beniak, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1994, p. 237-273. Yves-Charles Morin, « Les premiers immigrants et la prononciation du français au Québec », Revue québécoise de linguistique, vol. 31, No 1, 2002, p. 39-78. Claude Poirier, « Les origines du complexe linguistique des québécois », Cap-aux-Diamants, No 96, 2009. Maurice Lemire, « 19. Les écrivains canadiens et la langue française », Le français au Québec : 400 ans d'histoire et de vie, sous la dir. de Michel Plourde et Pierre Georgeault, Montréal, Fides, 2000. André Lapierre, « Le manuel de l'abbé Thomas Maguire et la langue québécoise au XIXe siècle », Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française, 35(3), 337-354 L. Cornellier, « Histoire de notre accent », Le Devoir, 24 janvier 2015. Fernand Harvey, « Le Canada français et la question linguistique », Le français au Québec. sous la dir. de M. Plourde et P. Georgeault, Montréal, Fides, 2008, p. 193-208. Vignette. Quebec Grunge Flag de Nicolas Raymond. https://www.flickr.com/photos/80497449@N04/7384701604/ Le texte et les sources ont été vérifiées de manière indépendante par un historien PhD. Autres références disponibles sur demande. #histoire #documentaire #accent #quebec

Dans ce nouveau chapitre de la série des Pires moments bien de chez nous, Charles retrace les origines de la colonie française qui deviendra un jour le Québec. En fait, on part du début avec l'arrivée de Jacques Cartier avant de sauter directement à la fin avec la bataille des plaines d'Abraham. Un peu comme quand on doit lire un livre au cégep. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:59:06 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit - À partir du XVIIe siècle, la diplomatie devient une affaire véritablement mondiale. Des Petites Antilles à la Nouvelle-France, l'équilibre géopolitique européen excède désormais les frontières du Vieux Continent. - invités : Éric Schnakenbourg Professeur d'histoire moderne à l'Université de Nantes, directeur du Centre de Recherche en Histoire Internationale et Atlantique; François Ternat Professeur d'histoire à l'INSPE de l'université de Rouen

durée : 00:03:35 - Le Pourquoi du comment : histoire - par : Gérard Noiriel - C'est en 1682 que l'explorateur Cavelier de la Salle a donné le nom de Louisiane au territoire qu'il venait de parcourir et qui faisait alors partie de la Nouvelle-France. C'est en 1803 que la Louisiane devient officiellement un "territoire organisé" des États-Unis en 1803.

Dans le cadre du cours d'histoire du Québec et du Canada de 3e secondaire, Pascal Bureau a mis sur pied un projet incitant les élèves à s'approprier le contenu du cours. Pour ce faire, ils devaient créer un jeu de société reflétant un thème de la Nouvelle-France. Dans cette série de balados, la Société Histoire Canada s'est entretenue avec les finalistes francophones de 2023 du Prix d'histoire du Gouverneur général pour l'excellence en enseignement.

The Nouvelle France (New France) is the French colonization of North America. And by this I mean North America, not just Canada. Over a couple of centuries, the French established settlements all over North America, especially along the St-Lawrence and Mississippi River but also in Nova Scotia, Florida, Louisiana and more.New France basically existed from the first adventures of Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763 and the signature of the treaty of Paris, that saw France lose most of its American possessions. It is a remarkable, violent, tragic and perennial story. Embark with me on this grand adventure! Timecodes:Introduction06:03 - Adventure and Discovery in America13:27 - The First French Settlers21:09 - Expansion Along the Rivers26:53 - War and Peace35:25 - New France Peaks44:07 - New France Dies53:26 - The Following Years57:42 - ConclusionMusic: Marche pour la cérémonie des Turcs, composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, arranged and performed by Jérôme Arfouche.Artwork: L'expédition de Cavelier de la Salle pour la Louisiane, 1684, by Théodore Gudin (1844). (Grand Palais, Château de Versailles).Support the showReach out, support the show and give me feedback! Follow the podcast on social media Leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts or on Spotify Become a patron on Patreon to support the show Buy me a Coffee Get beautiful “La Fayette, We are Here!” merchandise from TeePublic

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À l'occasion du Festival Étonnants Voyageurs qui se tient, du 27 au 29 mai 2023, à Saint-Malo en France, on prend le bois avec la Québécoise Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba, une écrivaine invitée du festival. Direction le Kamouraska, les épinettes et une cabane solitaire au bord de la rivière tel un refuge pour écrire, renouer et lutter. Un jour, à l'aune de ses 26 ans, Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba a décidé de quitter le confort étroit de sa ville Montréal et son poste de traductrice, pour aller vivre seule en ermite au cœur de la forêt boréale, dans une cabane sans électricité, eau courante ni réseau téléphonique.La cabane, c'est d'abord un rêve d'enfance, de repli nourricier et de refuge un peu secret, pour l'imaginaire et les grands rêves qu'on ne s'avoue qu'à soi. Et pour la Québécoise Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba, la cabane, sa cabane dans le Kamouraska où elle va finalement passer trois ans, sera le lieu d'une reconquête personnelle, la réappropriation d'un vaste territoire sauvage souvent préempté par les hommes et le point de départ de sa vie d'écrivaine, la plume trempée dans l'eau d'érable et des rivières. Depuis, nourrie de ses trois années passées dans le grand silence boréal, au plus près du vivant, parmi les lynx et les coyotes, la trentenaire a publié trois romans écoféministes qui ont rencontré le succès au Québec, en France et au-delà dans le monde. Son premier livre « Encabanée », un roman aux allures de journal intime fiévreux, est venu renouveler à sa manière le genre des récits de cabane, un genre qui, de Henry David Thoreau à Sylvain Tesson, était surtout l'apanage des hommes. « Sauvagines », son deuxième ouvrage, questionne et dénonce le braconnage et le rapport à la faune sauvage qu'entretient le Québec de sa fondation, au temps des coureurs des bois de la Nouvelle France, à nos jours. « Bivouac », son dernier livre raconte, quant à lui, la lutte collective de citoyens et d'éco-warriors pour la défense de pins centenaires contre un projet d'oléoduc, une lutte que l'autrice a elle-même connue et menée dans le Kamouraska. Bien qu'elle ait recours à la fiction, la trajectoire de Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba comme son rapport intime, poétique à la forêt boréale irriguent ses romans plus vrais que nature, à fleur de peau et de lichen. Et au fil des pages de ce triptyque ardent, l'écrivaine invite le lecteur à se plonger en forêt, à mieux la connaître, à la défendre aussi. Ce qu'elle fait elle-même, achetant pour la protéger, des hectares de forêt avec ses droits d'auteurs tirés de son œuvre déjà traduite en six langues. Une œuvre qui dit, crie parfois, le besoin d'enracinement, de poésie et de grande nature, de justice sociale et climatique d'une femme et peut-être de toute une génération. Bibliographie - « Encabanée », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba. 2021. Éditions Le mot et le Reste. Édition Folio Poche en 2022. - « Sauvagines », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba 2021. Éditions Stock. - « Bivouac », Gabrielle Filteau-Chiba. 2022. Éditions Stock.  Plus d'infos- Sur le Festival Étonnants Voyageurs qui se tient de Saint-Malo du 27 au 29 mai 2023- Sur le premier épisode de notre série En retrait du monde, récits de cabanes et de refuges.

In this episode, we detour from miniatures to chat to Marc Rodrigue, Montreal-based designer of the award-winning French and Indian Wars boardgame, Bayonets and Tomahawks, published by GMT Games.   We talk about Marc's abiding interest in the French and Indian War, and the design process that led to his game.   Marc's also a FIW reenactor, and has some interesting insights to the period from portraying a soldier of the Franche de la marine.   Marc's current projects include an interesting looking WW2 armour game, reflecting his love of tanks, and some other fascinating projects. After we said au revoir to Marc, James and I chatted about the ups and downs (and legalities) of 3D printing, getting ready for Hot Lead in less than two week's time, playing Napoleon in a tactical game, James' initial thoughts on Osprey's new SF rules, Xenos Rampant, and an early look at Sam Mustafa's Nimitz, along with some opinions as to why destroyers are cool. Links to things we discussed: Marc Bayonets and Tomahawks: https://www.gmtgames.com/p-978-bayonets-tomahawks-2nd-printing.aspx B&T on BGG: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/206509/bayonets-tomahawks Academy Games:  1754 FIW game: https://www.academygames.com/pages/1754 FIW reenactors in Montreal: https://atmmontreal.com/en/who-are-we/ Other Stuff: Nimitz by Sam Mustafa: https://sammustafa.com/nimitz Xenos Rampant by Osprey Publishing: https://ospreypublishing.com/ca/xenos-rampant-9781472852366/   Marc's Book Contributions to the CWP Virtual Library: Peter McLeod, Backs to the Wall: the Battle of Sainte-Foy and the Conquest of Canada, https://www.amazon.ca/Backs-Wall-Battle-Sainte-Foy-Conquest-ebook/dp/B01LX5EN7P/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1PVU4K375ZT6A&keywords=backs+to+the+wall+the+siege+of+quebec&qid=1679105042&s=digital-text&sprefix=backs+to+the+wall+the+siege+of+quebec%2Cdigital-text%2C76&sr=1-1 Peter MacLeod:  Northern Armageddon:  the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and the Making of the American Revolution ,https://www.amazon.ca/Northern-Armageddon-Peter-MacLeod-author/dp/1101973501 Fred Anderson:  Crucible of War:  The Seven Years and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766, https://www.amazon.ca/Crucible-War-British-America-1754-1766/dp/0375706364 David Preston:  Braddock's Defeat:  The Battle of the Monongahela and the Road to Revolution, https://www.amazon.ca/Braddocks-Defeat-Battle-Monongahela-Revolution/dp/0190658517 La petite guerre et la chute de la Nouvelle-France" by Laurent Nerich, a French military analyst.  It blows away the myth of the French “forest Rambos” and describes very well the capabilities and limitations of “Canadien" light troops.   "Montcalm, général américain” by Québécois historian Dave Noël. Like Preston's book “Braddocks Defeat” book does for the British general, it gives a more proper portrayal of how that French general was adapted to the North American theater.    Closing Music:  Aupres de ma blonde, sung  by Olivia Chaney, https://youtu.be/lY2izR3fN_U Contact Us (We Love Hearing From You!): Canadian Wargamer Podcast Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/canadianwargamerpodcast Mike: madpadre@gmail.com @MarshalLuigi www.madpadrewargames.blogspot.com James: jamesmanto@gmail.com @JamesManto4 www.rabbitsinmybasement.blogspot.com      

Un épisode sous le signe de la détente alors que l'on reçoit un certain Sébastien, qui se décrit comme massothérapeute et naturopathe, quoique nous n'en n'ayons aucune preuve. Il en profite pour masser tous les membres de l'équipe en studio avec ses techniques inusitées. Julien fait son top 15 des meilleurs moments de Des si et des rais. Linda nous présente un roman historique de Sergine Desjardins intitulé Marie Major qui parle d'une Fille du Roy et de sa vie difficile en Nouvelle-France en 1668, Guillaume et sa nouvelle chemise Gaston Lagaffe nous explique l'origine obscure et controversée de la crème glacée napolitaine. Quant à lui, Niquette répond à une suggestion Patreon et parle du jeu Arm Joe, un jeu vidéo japonais inspiré de la comédie musicale Les Misérables. Des si et des rais: Des fois c'est juste un prétexte pour se toucher entre nous! Avec: Julien Bernatchez, Linda Bouchard, Guillaume Dupuis, Maxime Gervais et Mathieu Niquette Date d'enregistrement : 24 janvier 2023 Date de diffusion : 31 janvier 2023 Patreon.com/DesSiEtDesRais Facebook.com/DesSiEtDesRais

Les origines de la tourtière remontent bien avant la Nouvelle-France. Ici, elle est devenue une source de réconfort, un des plats les plus emblématiques de notre patrimoine culinaire, comme le raconte Jean-Pierre Lemasson, spécialiste de l'histoire de la cuisine et de la gastronomie québécoise.

Last time we spoke, the Qing dynasty had enjoyed the first half of the 18th century with relative ease and prosperity, however the end half and emergence of the 19th century would not be so fruitful. The White Lotus Rebellion of 1794-1804 took root during one of the most corrupt ridden times in Chinese history. One of China's most corrupt figures and one of the richest men in history, Heshen was executed by the new Jiaqing Emperor. Then the Jiaqing Emperor had to quell the White Lotus menace which cost the empire a possible 100 million taels of silver. Despite being successful, the White Lotus rebellion would spread a seed of destruction for the Qing dynasty that would grow overtime and bloom into multiple revolts and rebellions. Now we look to another aspect of China during the early 19th century, its struggle against the looming threat of western greed.    This episode is the A West meets East story   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on the history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War.   #11 The West meets East failure   Now while the last podcast highlighted the corruption of Heshen and his long lasting effect on the Qing dynasty during the late half of the 18th century, I intentionally avoided speaking about something. That something was the envoys sent by Britain to China to open up trade relations. The rationale was that I wanted to highlight why the White Lotus came to be and the British envoy stories would have derailed it, but in actuality, the corruption, White Lotus rebellion and British envoys all simultaneously play a very important role in the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. So let us go back in time a bit to begin what is quite honestly the emergence of one of the largest drug cartel stories of all time.    Lord George Macartney was a well seasoned diplomat with an extensive resume and a reputation for getting things done. He had that classic story of being raised in poverty, but rising to the top. He began his career as a barrister in England before entering the foreign service. He was no aristocrat, came from no significant family, thus earned his way through merit. His skills and intellect eventually landed him the appointment as an envoy to the Qing Dynasty to establish a British embassy in China. Up to this point in his life, everything he did was a success, but China would prove to be a hard nut to crack. In 1764 Macartney was knighted at the young age of 27 and sent as an envoy to russia. It was a rather scandalous rumor that he was sent as the envoy not merely for his skills and intellect, but because of his good looks as it was believed it would sway the Empress, Catherine the Great to the interests of Britain. After 3 years in Russia, Sir Macartney returned with the Empress's good affection, symbolized in a gem-studded snuff box. This bolstered Macartney into the social circles of the elites and by 1767 he was elected to Parliament and soon appointed the Chief Secretary of Ireland. After some years of service within the United Kingdom, Macartney sought out more adventure and took up a post as governor of the Caribbean Islands in the West Indies. He was soon awarded with the title of Bron and in 1780 received the appointment as governor of Madras India. He worked that office 6 years and became a viscount. Then in 1793 he sailed for one of the most illusive and exotic lands, that of China.   Viscount Macartney was given a simple orders from George III: establish a British embassy in the capital and get permission for British ships to dock at ports besides Canton. Now you might be asking, whats the problem with Canton? Nothing, except for foreign barbarians it was the only port of access for all of China at this time. For those who have never heard of this, the Canton System which began in 1757 was a trade system of the Qing dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor faced numerous problems when he inherited the empire, one being the threat of foreign trade. While trade obviously is a beneficial thing, it can sometimes cause harm, as such the Qing dynasty had some worries about trade with foreign lands. For one thing, the intrusion of missionaries had caused some pretty brutal conflicts in China. After this Emperor Qianlong ordered his court to make some changes to foreign trade to thus stop more conflicts from occurring. He bottled necked all foreign trade to go through Canton and they were to deal exclusively with a group known as the Cohong merchants. The Cohong were granted a monopoly over the foreign trade, but were also the primary representative link between the Qing government and the outside world. There were strings attached of course, the Cohong merchants were to take on full responsibility for any foreign persons connected with a foreign ship that did trade. The Cohong were of course expected to pay taxes to the Qing government for all the trade being done, but by far and large they were able to control how they would levy such taxes. A perfect recipe for corruption.    A event occured known as the Flint Affair, a situation in which a Englishman named James Flint serving the East India Company was repeatedly warned to remain in Canton, but in 1755 he went against the Qing administrative warnings and tried to establish trade in some ports in Zhejiang. He was caught and deported to Macau where he was imprisoned for a few years. The situation prompted Emperor Qianlong to enact 5 measures against the foreign barbarians who wished to trade. 1) Trade by foreign barbarians in Canton is prohibited during the winter. 2) Foreign barbarians coming to the city must reside in the foreign factories under the supervision and control of the Cohong. 3) Chinese citizens are barred from borrowing capital from foreign barbarians and from employment by them. 4) Chinese citizens must not attempt to gain information on the current market situation from foreign barbarians 5) Inbound foreign barbarian vessels must anchor in the Whampoa Roads and await inspection by the authorities   Trade with China was beginning to really boom, but it was being frustrated into the bottleneck of Canton. The British were very eager to open up more trade with China and Macartney had instructions to offer something to the Chinese to open up trade. He could offer to end the importation of opium from British held India, something that was officially illegal in the Qing dynasty, but in reality the Qing could not stop the illicit smuggling of it into China.    On the morning of september 26, 1792 the HMS Lion a 64 gun ship of the line, cast off for China. When Macarney landed on the coast of China, all of his retinue and baggage were transferred to Chinese junks by the order of Emperor Qianlong before he was allowed to travel up the Bei He River enroute for Peking. His ship had a large sign tacked to its mast by the Qing officials with large black letters reading “tribute from the red barbarians”. Remember at this time in history, China was basically the pinnacle of civilization at least from its viewpoint. China had felt superior to the rest of the world for quite some time. Gunpowder, paper currency, eyeglasses and the printing press all were developed in China long before the west had acquired such things. As such the emperor of China did not receive ambassadors per say, as exchanging emissaries would denote equal rank amongst nations, for which China had no equal. Those who did come as emissaries were treated as tribute bearers and identified as foreign barbarians. From the perspective of the Chinese, foreign barbarians did not come to negotiate or make dealings, they came as subjects to pay homage and tribute.    Macartney believed he was bringing gifts from one sovereign nation to another, but the Qing considered him to be a vassal paying tribute. The gifts he brought were the best of British technology: telescopes, brass howitzers, globes, clocks, musical instruments and an entire hot air balloon complete with a balloonist. That one always puzzled me by the way, did that mean the balloonist was just going to be some sort of lifetime servant? In all Macartney brought over 600 gifts for Emperor Qianlong and this all required an astonishing 99 wagons, 40 wheelbarrows drawn by over 200 horses and 3000 people. Macartney was instructed to display the gifts at the Emperor's summer palace before he would be given any chance at seeing Emperor Qianlong. The Qing court apparently were not that impressed with most of the gifts, though they did admire the wood pottery and were particularly interested when Macartney ignited sulfur matches. Unfortunately the hot air balloon never got a chance to take off. The viceroy of Pechili told Macartney that he would not be meeting the emperor in his palace, but in a yurt outside the Imperial hunting lodge in Rehe of the tartary lands. They would pass through the great wall and Macartney was astonished by it stating it to be “the most stupendous work of human hands, probably greater in extent than all of the other forts in the world put together. Its construction was a sign of not only a very powerful empire, but a very wise and virtuous nation”. They traveled into Manchuria until they reached the Emperor's summer quarters on september 8th. The journey had nearly taken a year since they departed England in 1792 and the success or failure of the embassy would be decided in the matter of just mere days. They stopped a mile from the imperial summer residence to make themselves presentable.    Macartney had prepared a colorful and grandiose outfit for the occasion as described by his valet “A suite of spotted mulberry velvet, with a diamond star, and his ribbon, over which he wore the full habit of the order of the Bath, with the hat and the plume of feathers, which form a part of it”. So try to imagine a man dressed up like a peacock, certainly it was going to leave an impression, which is what he wanted. The entourage formed a makeshift parade formation with as much British pomp that could be mustered. The British soldiers and cavalry led the way on foot followed by servants, musicians, scientists and other gentry. The parade arrived at 10am to their designated quarters, with no one at all to greet them. Macartney was bewildered, he had expected this famed Manchu man named Heshen to meet them. However Heshen was nowhere to be found, Macartney deduced he must be delayed for some reason and so they all simply waited. 6 hours passed by as they all stood there in formation waiting with no sign of an imperial official, thus they lost heart and went into the assigned residence to eat. In the end Macartney was forced to go find Heshen himself, quite an uncomfortable start to the venture. Over the course of several days the mountain of British gifts were exchanged. They presented things such as rugs to the Emperors representatives and in turn were given luxurious fabrics such as silk, jade, porcelain, lacquerware and large quantities of the finest tea, oh tea will play quite a role in all of this rest assured. The British tried to awe them with the products of their science, but soon were realizing something was not right.    You see this entire process was confused. For the British they were trying to impress the Chinese to gain the ability to negotiate for more advantageous policies in the future, IE: gain the approval to open a permanent embassy in the capital. But for the Chinese the situation was literally just trade, they were trading goods they assumed the British would want to take home and sell. Nations like Vietnam and Korea would regularly come to pay tribute to the emperor for his approval which legitimized their governments. They came and performed the famous “kow tow” before the Emperor. For those who don't know the “kow tow” is a ritual of 9 kneeling bows to the ground in 3 sets of 3 in the direction of the emperor. The envoys from places like Vietnam or Korea did this readily as their nations were official tributaries to China and thus the Emperor was the overarching figure for their nations as well as their own emperors. But when Macartney showed up he knew nothing of this entire process. Initially Macartney did not even realize he was supposed to prostrate himself before emperor and when this was explained to him he was unwilling to do it. Because despite the great admiration he had for the Qing Empire, he thought he was an envoy between 2 equal and sovereign nations, he assumed the King of England was on equal footing with Emperor Qianlong. Macartney had never done anything like the kow tow for his own king why should he for a foreign king?   So Macartney expected what he considered a mere ceremony to be waved off and submitted a request for that to be so, which he alleged later he received approval for. But when he arrived at Jehol, Heshen denied ever seeing this request and insisted Macartney must perform the kow two before the emperor. Qing officials at the scene assured Macartney that it was just “a mere exterior and unmeaning ceremony” urging him on. Things began to get messy, Macartney said he would kow tow readily if a Qing official would do the same before a portrait he had brought of King George III. No Qing official would do it, so Macartney tried to compromise, what if he simply bent the knee and head once before Emperor Qianlong. To Mccartneys relief the proposal was accepted. A few more days went by, then on September 14th he was informed he could meet the emperor.   Macartney got into his peacock suit and his entourage marched behind Macartney who was carried on a litter until they made it to the Emperor's ceremonial tent. Macartney entered, carrying a jeweled encrusted golden box containing a letter from King George III. In his own account, Macartney stated he knelt on one knee as agreed and presented the emperor the box and the emperor did not seem in the slightest to have made any commotion about the ritual not being performed. Macartney said “Emperor Qianlong's eyes were full and clear and his countenance was open, despite the dark and gloomy demeanor we had expected to find”. Do not forget as I mentioned in the previous episode, at this point in time the Emperor was its pretty safe to say, very senile. The letter from George III was translated into Chinese carefully by European missionaries who made sure to take out any potentially offensive references, like for example anything about chrisianity. The letter spoke about how Emperor Qianlong “should live and rule for 10s of thousands of years and the word China was elevated one line above the rest of the text whenever it appeared and the name of the emperor was elevated 3 lines above the rest. The letters translation thus had been done in such a way it really did not conform to the letter between 2 equals anymore. Meanwhile while Emperor Qianlong read this, Macartney was simply awed by the tent they were in. In his words “the tapestries, carpets and rich draperies and lanterns were disposed with such harmony, the colors so artfully varied. It was as if he was inside a painting. The commanding feature of the ceremony was the calm dignity that sober pomp of asiatic greatness, which European refinements have not yet attained”. Macartney also went on to mention that he was also not the only envoy present in the tent. There were 6 Muslim enovys from tributary states near the Caspian sea an a Hindu envoy from Burma and they had allow performed the kow tow.    Emperor Qianlong asked Heshen if any of the English could speak Chinese and the son of British diplomat George Staunton stepped forward. The 12 year old boy named George stepped towards the throne and according to his diary “I spoke some Chinese words to him and thanked him for the presents”. Emperor Qianlong was apparently charmed by this and took a purse from his own waist to give to him as a token of his esteem. That little boy became the first Englishman after James Flint to cross the wall of language between Britain and China and it would shape his life after. After the meeting, Macartney and his entourage were allowed to stay in Jehol for a few days and were fortunate enough to partake in the emperor's birthday banquet. On September 21st, disaster struck when a member of Macartney's entourage died, a gunner named Reid. It was the day before their departure date and apparently Reid had eaten 40 apples for breakfast, which I have to say is one of the most bizarre rationales for a death I've ever heard. Regardless, the Qing assumed off the bat the man died of some contagious disease and urged them all to leave with haste.    Meanwhile in Peking, the Balloonist/scientist Mr Dinwiddie had been busy prepared all the scientific instruments for demonstrations awaiting Emperor Qianlong's return from Jehol at the end of september. He had begun filling a grand hall of the imperial palace outside the city of Beijing with globes, clocks, telescopes, the air pump for the balloon and such. He had signed a contract basically stating he could never return home and would be stuck as a foreigner in a small part of Beijing. Regardless he got everything ready for the emperor's visit. When the emperor came on October the 1st he showed no particular emotion as he toured the hall according to Dinwiddie. Upon looking through a telescope for roughly 2 minutes the emperor alleged stated “it was good enough to amuse children” and simply left. Heshen and other Qing officials came to see the wonders and showed a bit more interest. Unfortunately the hot air balloon demonstration was to be the grand finale in the course of a few days but never came to fruition, because all of a sudden on October the 6th the Emperor ordered all the British to leave. Everything was hastily packed up and every man by October 7th was being pushed out as the embassy mission was sent away from Peking. Once on the road out of Peking it dawned upon them all the embassy mission was a failure. As one British servant put it “we entered Peking like paupers; we remained in it like prisoners; and we quitted it like vagrants”.    Macartney had no idea how much he had offended the emperor with his negotiations. Back on september 10th, 4 days before they met the Emperor, Qianlong was always fuming mad about the English ambassadors dragging of the feet about the kow tow. In fact at that time Emperor Qianlong simply told his officials he would keep the promise to have the meetings, but as far as he was concerned they best be gone afterwards. Qianlong prior had planned to have them stay a long time to enjoy the sights of Jehol but “given the presumption and self important display by the English ambassador, they should be sent from Jehol immediately after the banquet, given 2 days to get to Peking to pack up their belongs and go. When foreigners who come seeking audience with me are sincere and submissive then I always treat them with kindness. But if they come in arrogance they get nothing”. On October 3rd, just a few days before they were ordered out, Macartney received the official response to King George III's letter, unfortunately it was in Chinese and he was unable to translate it for some time. It stated that the request for the British ambassador to remain at the capital was not consistent with the customs of the empire and therefore could not be allowed. And here is the kicker in regards to trade and the gifts he said “I accepted the gifts not because I wanted them, but merely, as tokens of your own affectionate regard for me. In truth the greatness and splendor of the Chinese empire have spread its fame far and wide, and as foreign nations, from a thousand parts of the world, crowd hither over mountains and seas, to pay us their homage and bring us the rarest and most precious offerings, what is it that we can want here? Strange and costly objects do not interest me. We possess all things. I set no value on objects strange or ingenious, and have no use for your countries manufactures”. Oomphf there was a second little part after that went “we have never needed trade with foreign countries to give us anything we lacked. Tea, porcelain and silk are essential needs for countries like England that do not have such things and out of grace the dynasty had long permitted foreign merchants to come to Canton to purchase these goods. To satisfy your needs and to allow you to benefit from our surplus. England is but one of many countries that comes to trade in Canton and if we were to give Britain special treatment, then we would have to give it to all the others as well”.   Macartney was furious and wrote extensively enroute back home. “Can they be ignorant, that a couple of English frigates would be an overmatch for the whole naval force of their empire, that in half a summer they could totally destroy the navigation of their coasts and reduce the inhabitants of the maritime provinces, who subsist chiefly on fish, to absolute famine? We could destroy the Tiger's mouth forts guarding the river passage to Canton with just half a dozen boardsides and annihilate the Canton trade that employs millions of Chinese”. Yet despite all his military bravado talk, if Britain were at this time to make any aggression against China it would immediately result in them shutting down their trade. If that was allowed to happen both the economies of Britain and British held India would suffer tremendous economic damage. Thus Macartney knew the best course of action was to be patient and try try and try again.   So the Macartney mission ended in embarrassment. Macartney would tell those back in Britain “The empire of China is an old crazy first-rate man of war, which a fortunate succession of able and vigilant offers has contrived to keep afloat for these hundred and fifty years past; and to overawe their neighbors, merely by her bulk and appearance. She may perhaps not sink outright, she may drift some time as a wreck, and will then be dashed in pieces on the shore; but she can never be rebuilt on the old bottom”. Very dark and ominous words indeed. Prior to Macartney's report those had this perception of China to be the model of stable and virtuous government. But Macartney ranted that “the tyranny of a handful of Tartars over more than 300 millions of Chinese. And those Chinese subjects would not suffer the odium of a foreign yoke for much longer. A revolution was coming”. Macartney would elaborate further on what he believed to be the socio-political situation in China. “I often perceived the ground to be hollow under a vast superstructure and in trees of the most stately and flourishing appearance I discovered symptoms of speedy decay. The huge population of Han Chinese were just recovering blows that had stunned them they are awaking from the political stupor they had been thrown into by the Tartar impression, and begin to feel their native energie revive. A slight collision might elicit fire from the flint, and spread the flames of revolt from one extremity of China to the other. I should not be surprised if its dislocation or dismemberment were to take place before my own dissolution”. Please take note this is all coming from a bitterly anger man who, yes traveled the country for months, but he had not seen the interior of China. He could not speak or read the language and knew nothing of the culture. And yet he was almost 100% prophetic in what would occur.    Now as I went into with the past episode, the Qianlong Emperor was very old and going senile. When Macartney met with him, Qianlong had just turned 82 and had ruled for over 58 years an incredible reign. And despite the show the emperor had put on about never needing western trade, in reality he was deeply fascinated by western inventions. He cherished his collection of 70 British clocks and wrote poems about them and about western telescopes. Likewise he kept multiple western art pieces and employed many westerners in his court. Above all else he understood the value of China's foreign trade at Canton, because a significant portion of the tariff income fed his imperial household. The canton trade was also a primary source of silver import of which China was the largest importer of silver since the 1600s. Foreigners came and were forced to trade with silver if they wanted tea or porcelain. Tea, Tea is the crucial component of this story.   In 1664 King Charles II received 2 lbs of black, strange smelling leaves from China. Less than half a century later, tea became Britain's beverage of choice with an annual consumption of 12 million pounds per year. By 1785, Britain was importing 15 million lbs of tea per year from China. The people of Britain were literally addicted China's tea, which might I add is a mild stimulant. More so the British government became economically dependent on tea and the Exchequer levied a 100 percent import tax upon it whoa. Although China purchased some British goods like clocks, it was nothing compared to the British need for tea. Between 1710 to 1759 the imbalance of trade was enormous, literally draining Britain of its silver, because that was after all the only form of payment China accepted. During this time, Britain paid 26 million in silver to China, but sold only 9 million in goods.    Now lets talk a bit more about how this trade was being down in Canton. It was the East India Company who was given a monopoly over the tea trade in China. I mentioned the Cohong or sometimes called simply Hong merchants. They were directly in charge of the Canton trade, holding a monopoly over it. All western trade had to come through them, if you were a foreign ship, your cargo had to be guaranteed by a Hong merchant before it could sail up river to port Canton. Only a Hong merchant could rent you a warehouse or arrange for you any and all purchases for tea, silk and such. Personal relationships were thus key and having a friendship with any Hong merchant was immensely valuable. Hong merchants were accountable for the conduct of all foreing personnel. If some foreigner got drunk and beat up a local, the Hong merchant was held responsible, and this did in fact happen often. The Hong merchants were a small group, typically no more than a dozen any given time. As you can imagine with such a small group controlling the full trade between China and western nations, the opportunities for both sides merchants to become abundantly rich was enormous. However there was a ton of risk for the Hong since they took all the risk. Regardless the Hong merchants were some of the richest men in China, but they also went bankrupt regularly. Why was this, well because of their access to capital it made them primary targets for other government officials to squeeze.    You see despite their monopoly on the trade, the Hong merchants were almost always in a precarious situation. Their appointment and finance was done via the Hoppo. Also the social status of merchants within traditional confucianism was very low and the Hong merchants were at the mercy of other Qing officials. This led the Hong merchants to be forced to pay numerous bribes to said officials. More often than naught to get an appointment as a Hong came with a literal downpayment for the officials who got you the job! The Hong merchants were squeezed left right and center by countless officials in a pecking system built upon corruption and greed.    The senior superintendent of foreign trade at Canton was a Imperial customs commissioner known to the westerners as the “hoppo”. The hoppo reported directly to the board of revenue in Beijing and it was the Hoppo who was responsible for ensuring a proper flow of tariff income back to Beijing. The position of Hoppo was one of the greatest opportunities to get filthy rich.   Before the White Lotus rebellion the Qing silver surplus was a whopping 70 million taels, but over the course of the war it is estimated the Qing treasury would pay something like 100 million taels in silver. Then came another disaster.    The Napoleonic wars had a tremendous impact on the world, not limited to just the war itself. As the war grinding on, Britain was pressed for funds to finance its war against France and this led them to squeeze the East India Company harder. The British government began raising its tax on the company's tea in 1795, then again in 1802 where it reached 50%, then again in 1806 to a whopping 96% and by 1819 it would be 100%. The growing British tax on the company's tea led it to become a possible 1/10th of Britain's national revenue. As you can imagine with those numbers, the importance of maintaining the trade with Canton became a matter of national interest.    While the Qing dynasty spent millions of taels mobilizing armies to quell the white lotus rebellion, the British likewise spent millions during its war against france. Britain would spend around 12 times more than its previous 22 year war with France and ran up a monstrous national debt. By the time Napoleon was defeated, Britain had doubled the size of the royal navy and it was the most powerful maritime force in the world. Britain acquired more territories to expand its enormous empire. By 1820 the British Empire would control roughly a quarter of the world's population, almost rivaling China. The emperor of China, Jiaqing was forced to slash the budgets of things such as the military after the internal rebellion was over. In expectation for an era of peace for the empire, the emperor effectively had to mortgage the future improvement of China's military to simply stabilize the country.   Now Britain's tea fix needed to be met, but its silver was depleted. The Napoleonic war and the American revolution had drained Britain of its silver reserve, how was Britain going to get the tea? The British needed to find something the Chinese were willing to pay for in silver and the British would find what that in Opium. The British were not the first importers of Opium into China. Arab merchants had been selling opium cultivated in what is modern day turkey since the middle ages. It was primarily used for medicinal purposes, such as being used as a constipation drug to stop diarrhea, quite a useful thing to have to fight off dysentery which reeks its ugly head during times of conflict. In 1659 the East India Company began to export it in limited quantities from Bengal India. The East India Company had a monopoly over the trade with India and tried to prevent the business of opium importing to China since it was illegal and could interfere with the company's legitimate trade. However to get tea required silver and when the silver began to dry up the East India Company's tolerance for the illicit business began to loosen.    In 1782 the East India Company turned its eyes away and allowed the export of 3450 chests of opium. Each chest for reference weighed around 170 lbs, about the size of a small footlocker. 2 ships carried the illegal cargo and enroute 1 of them was captured by the French with the other arrived in Macao. The Chinese merchants refused to purchase the illegal contraband until the price was dropped to 210$ per chest. To break even the British needed to sell a chest at around 500$, it was a complete disaster. The British merchants ended up dumping most of their cargo at a loss in Malaysia for a price of around 340$. There were no eager buyers for opium in China in 1782 and this showcases the lack of users or better said addicts. Nonetheless the Qing government made a decree in 1799 condemning the illicit trade “foreigners obviously derive the most solid profits and advantages, but that our countrymen should pursue this destructive and ensnaring vice is indeed odious and deplorable”. The East India Company proclaimed it was forbidding British ships to carry the illicit cargo, because remember they had to make sure the Canton market remained open to britain. Yet this did not stop the East India company from selling opium within India to independent British and Indian merchants who in turn might smuggle the drugs into China. Its not the East India company after all and the company could see no other way to acquire silver to buy the tea Britain needed.    In 1773 opium earned the company 39,000 pounds, in 1793 opium earned them 250,000 pounds. The idea was working and the trade imbalance was soon shifting. By 1806 to 1809 China would pay out 7 million in silver for opium. During the first 2 decades of the 19th century opium addiction grew in China at a slow pace. The East India Company kept the price of the illicit substance artificially high, which meant only the upper class in China could afford it. The East India Company was doing its best not to antagonize the Qing government, IE: not rubbing their nose in the illicit trade, thus it did not increase imports and lower prices. Around 5000 chests were being sold per year and this stabilized the trade imbalance between Britain and China, no longer was Britain simply losing its silver to China, nor was China being depleted dry.    Then a technological innovation in Britain completely shattered the equilibrium. The invention of the steam engine in the previous century resulted in the mechanized production of cotton. Soon England had flooded the market with mass produced textiles and the surplus of this found its way to a very eager Indian market. Those merchants paid for the product in cash, but how do you think they got the cash? Bingo opium cultivation and with it the need to sell more of it. So as a result more and more opium began to flood into China, but it still had to go through the bottleneck of Canton.    Problems began to occur which affected the Canton trade. The Napoleonic wars began to send ripples throughout the world and one place that was affected was Macao in 1808. The British in Canton heard rumors that France was sending troops to occupy Macao. The British wanted to preemptively respond and sent a naval fleet under Rear Admiral William Drury in September of 1808. Drury sent a letter informing the Portuguese governor at Macao that he intended to occupy the city to which the governor refused him and began to appeal to the Chinese governor general for protection. On september 21st Drury landing 300 marines who quickly seized the shore batteries at Macao with no resistance being made by the Portuguese. However the Chinese governor general ordered a shutdown of the British trade in Canton, uh oh. The East India company had to pull full cargo ships out immediately and abandon their factory in Canton. Drury in response brought an additional 700 marines from India to occupy Macao. The Chinese governor general warned Drury if they did not withdraw, the fleet and all British residents in Macao would be cut off from food supplies. Drury panicked, he had not intended to start a war, nor were his orders remotely authorized to do so!   When Emperor Jiaqing got news of the British invasion of Macao he was furious to say the least. Emperor Jiaqing issued an edict to the governor general in Canton “such a brutal eruption at Macao indicates an affrontery without limit. To invoke such a pretext is to freely insult the Chinese Empire. It is important in any case to raise considerable troops, attack the foreigners, and exterminate them. In this way, they will understand that the seas of China are forbidden to them!”. So the governor general ordered 8000 troops at Canton to man the coastal forts in the vicinity in preparation for war. Drury got the news of this and knew the Canton trade could be shut off for good stating “it would exclude the English forever, from the most advantageous monopoly it possesses in the Universe”. So Admiral Drury backed down, refusing to risk war with China. Drury took the marines out, but left some ships in the hope trade in Canton would soon be restored. And thus 6 days later the Qing governor general restored trade in Canton, phew crisis averted.   Another rather unusual conflict occured when a British christian missionary named Thomas Manning attempted to enter into China by land. Manning had tried asking the Hoppo for permission to visit Beijing as a scientist envoy but it was refused as the Emperor had plenty of western scientists at his disposal. The frustrated Manning then began to climb aboard East India company ships going around Vietnam, to see if he could find a way to sneak into China via Vietnam roads. This did not pan out so he struck out at another place to get into China, Tibet. Manning went to Tibet pretending to be a Buddhist lama from India and would you believe it he got an audience with the Dalai Lama on december 17 of 1811. He climbed hundreds of steps and met with the Dalai Lama whom he described “His face was, I thought, poetically and effectively beautiful. He was of a gay and cheerful disposition; his beautiful mouth perpetually unbending into a graceful smile, which illuminated his whole countenance. Sometimes, particularly when he had looked at me, his smile almost approached a gentle laugh”. After meeting the Dalai Lama, Manning hoped to be granted permission to make the 1500 mile journey to Beijing, but this would not occur. In the holy city of Lhasa he was apprehended by the local Qing officials and quasi imprisoned until Emperor Jiaqing could be informed and send orders as to what to do. Orders finally came in February of 1812 to deport Manning and raise border security in response to this incursion.    Then in 1813 problems reeked their ugly head yet again for British-Chinese relations. The Emperor had reduced the number of Hong merchants that the British were allowed to do business with. The larger issue at hand was the War of 1812 which brought with it conflict between Britain and American ships around the waters of Canton. At this time the Americans were second only to the British in the size of their commerce in Canton. The US lacked cruisers to convoy their merchant ships and thus began arming the merchants ships into privateers. The US ships also tried to simply avoid the British by not landing at the same time intervals, but all of this would not avoid conflict. In march of 1814 the British frigate Doris captured a 300 ton American privateer, the USS Hunter and took her to Macao as a prize. 2 months later the Doris hunted down the USS Russel up the Pearl River near the Whampia anchorage just a few miles shy of Whampoa city. They fired upon another while another US ships the Sphynx was boarded and captured. More raids continued from both sides and the conflict greatly angered the Chinese authorities. Eventually the Qing governor general cut off supplies and suspended trade with both nations demanding they behave themselves.    The British merchants in Canton complained they had nothing to do with the Royal Navy, but the Chinese authorities would not hear it. Some minor conflicts occured in Canton and the British felt they had been wronged. The East India Company began to demand the British government send an embassy to remedy the entire situation. So Britain answered the plea and sent another embassy mission in 1816. Lord William Pitt Amherst, Earl Amherst of Arracan was born in 1773 in Bath. His father was General William Amherst and his uncle was Field Marshall Sir Jeffrey Amherst who had a distinguished military career including being the governor general of British north America after defeating Nouvelle France in 1760. Little Williams mother died and the widowed father would take care of William and his sister for awhile until in 1781 when he also died. William would end up living with his uncle in the Amherst estate in Montreal where I happen to live near. William would eventually go to oxford and became an accomplished linguist learning several languages. Eventually he landed a job as ambassador to Sicily and by the end of the Napleonic wars he was made a Privy Councillor. He proved to be able enough and was soon sent as Ambassador with Plenipotentiary to negotiate with the Qing Dynasty in 1816.    The China Amherst encountered in 1816 was very different compared to the one Lord Macrtney had visited. The Emperor was Jiaqing, the dynasty had quelled the White Lotus Rebellion, quite a few smaller revolts and had a real problem with pirates along the coast. Emperor Jiaqing had a loose hold over the empire and was not about to let some foreign power further threaten it.    Amherst was a bit of an odd choice to lead the mission. He was considered a dull, but well mannered man who was not very talented in public speaking. Neither brilliant nor particularly handsome, just hailed from an excellent family. Amherst brought with him 2 familiar faces, the former little boy who had courageously spoken to Emperor Qianlong, George Staunton, who was now an adult. George had been working for the East India Company in Canton and had mastered the Chinese language and learnt much of its culture. The second ws Thomas Manning after his great Tibet adventure. Amherst's departure would be 6 months after the Duke of Wellington's victory at Waterloo in June of 1815. Thus Amherst would be coming to China to inform them that the nearly continuous warfare between Britain and France for the past 22 years had finally come to an end. Amherst was instructed to make it clear to the Chinese that Great Britain was now the unrivaled dominant military power in Europe. The Amherst mission also was to remedy the Canton situation, but the perspective from Britain was quite off. They thought Emperor Jiaqing knew relatively not much about the ongoings in places like Canton, and if they simply came and complained about mistreatment that he would just offhand discipline the officials in Canton and place the British in a better position.The Emperor however was hardly oblivious to the ongoings in Canton, in fact he was paying a ton of attention to it. The Emperor had ordered investigation into the Canton situation over the past few years Emperor Jiaqing was particularly taking an interest into George Staunton who he viewed as a potential trouble maker in China, because the man had vast knowledge now of the language and culture and might induce more westerners to do the same. For certain the emperor was not pleased at all to find out Thomas Manning was coming as he had deported him and it was to be presumed Manning should never step foot back in China ever again. So the entourage was already doomed to fail.   As the entourage made their way, Amherst reported that the Qing dynasty seemed to have declined significantly compared to what Macartney had reported long ago. The entourage had learnt of the White Lotus rebellion and how suppressing it nearly bankrupt the Qing government. The entourage became rather bold and instead of waiting at the island of Chusan, Amherst ships, accompanied by 2 East India Company surveying vessels divided themselves into task forces and went to work dropping the embassy team off  at the White River. Soon some of the vessels began to explore the river networks going as far north to where the Great Wall meets the coast of Manchuria, sailed around the Liaodong Peninsula and parts of the Yalu river, very bold moves. They also took notes of the villages, populations and geology of their ventures. They particularly noted down the lack of military installations.    Both the Amherst mission and the Qing court intended to use the Macartney mission as a precedent, but neither communicated how they should go about it. What really loomed over the entire affair was the issue of the Kow Tow. Now Amherst was coming into this with less radical requests than Macartney. They were not asking for a permanent ambassador at the capital, nor the opening of new ports. They just wanted some kind of provision for direct communication between the East India Company staff in Canton and a high ranking official in Beijing in order to circumvent the troubles they had been having with the Hoppo and governor general of canton. They also wanted to be allowed to do business with others aside from the Hong merchants. Officials from Beijing met with Amherst as soon as the British ships anchored at the mouth of the white river in early august. They escorted him along the way, but also asked him to Kowtow in front of a piece of yellow silk that represented the emperor. They wanted to see that the man understood how to do the kowtow. Amherst was given instructions from the British government simply to do what he thinks best in the situation of the kow towing issue, but to make sure the mission was a success. Thus the first time he was asked to do it he refused and stated that since Macartney did not kow tow why should he. The Qing officials were confused and said as far as they knew Macartney did kow tow to the emperor in 1793. Then they reminded Amherst the Emperor Jiaqing was present in 1793 and would have seen it occur, best he kow tow as well. George Staunton told Amherst they were mistaken and that he never saw Macartney kow tow. As you can imagine it was now a case of Emperor Jiaqing's word against Staunton, a man the emperor did not like. Amherst was in a bad situation, so he simply stated he would do the kow tow when the time came, but stressed he would do it on one knee and not two. He tried to compromise by offering to kiss the emperors hand which utterly disgusted the Qing officials. The highest ranking Qing official escorting the foreigners was Heshitai, brother in law to Emperor Jaiqing. He told Amherst he had to bow on both knees or he would be expelled from the capital without audience.   The entourage made it just a mile outside Beijing where crowds of spectators began assembling on the sides of the roads to see their approach. They made their way to the eastern gate at night and the massive walls astounded them. They road in springless wooden carts, a quite uncomfortable ride at that. Amherst was told his audience would take place immediately and in fact he was actually late for it. Amherst panicked he was not ready, he was fatigued and unkept, his baggage had not even arrived yet which held his coronation robes for the occasion. He did not even have the letter from the prince regent to be given to the Emperor! Heshitai told him he had to go now, but Amherst refused. Amherst demanded they be given time to clean up, gather their baggage and rest. Heshitai eventually got another Qing official to grab hold of Amherst and dragged him to see the emperor.    It is here we get many conflicting stories about what goes down. In a classical one it is said, the Qing officials grab Amherst in the middle of the night when he is disoriented and try to force him to kow tow in a private room, hoping the half asleep man would just do it. Apparently Staunton grabs Amherst by the elbow before he can do the deed and they suddenly leave the place before seeing the emperor. A lot of unanswered questions to be sure. In another story the try to get Amherst to go see the emperor, but he simply refuses and him and his entourage basically fight their way out of their lodgings and leave on the evening of November 13. Regardless what is important to know is the British entourage and Emperor Jiaqing have no idea whats going on at all, they are both at the mercy of reports from the middle men, IE:  the escort officials like Heshitai.   During the slow journey back south to Canton, one of their ships, the Alceste had bombarded a Chinese fort guarding the Tiger's Mouth river entrance to Canton! Dozens of shots were fired and it is said 47 Chinese soldiers were killed. The Alceste had returned from surveying the Pearl river when the captain Murray Maxwell requested permission to sail up to the Whampoa anchorage so it could make repairs on the ship before picking up Amherst's entourage on their way back. Maxwell alleges he was taunted by the Qing representative to the governor general who told him that Amherst had been sent away from the capital without an audience. Murray Maxwell was thus denied permission to go to the Whampoa anchorage and was forced to wait on an outlying island. After a week of waiting, Maxwell had had it and decided to force up the river without permission. As soon as the Alceste began sailing it was confronted by a Chinese fleet and soon a fire fight. The Alceste began blasting away the Chinese coastal defenses, working her way up the river channel to get to Whampoa anchorage.    Both the British entourage and Emperor Jiaqing were mystified as to what happened. The Emperor sent his personal doctor to see to Amherst whom he had assumed must be very sick for missing the meeting only to find out the man was perfectly healthy. After some investigation the Emperor realized the entire debacle was the fault of the escorting officials, above all Heshitai! It turns out the Emperor had been lied to by the escorting officials and fed false reports. The British blamed the emperor for the entire misadventure. The Emperor was livid by everything, but there was a saving grace to the embarrassment on his nation's part, the embarrassment of the Alceste ordeal. When the Alceste made it to Whampoa the governor generals welcomed the ship as if nothing had ever happened. The Emperor sent conciliatory edicts and gifts for the King of England. The Emperor also sent a letter to the king, but he had written it before his investigation of all the matters and thus wrote that he blamed Amherst for the entire ordeal.   The mission was a catastrophe. Trade would continue unaffected, but now both nations had been humiliated. Now the Chinese would look with more suspicion at the British and the British hopes for extending trade outside the canton system were dashed. As quite a fitting end to the entire ordeal, the Alceste which was carrying Amherst and his retinue back to England slammed into a rock and sank. England's response to the Amherst mission was disappointment. The entire situation aided one group of people in Britain, those who sought to abolish the East India Company's monopoly over the China trade. One major critic of the Amherst mission was Napoleon Bonaparte exiled on Saint Helena in 1817. He thought it was ridiculous that such an ordeal came about because the British fretted over kow towing. But he ended his statements with this “It would be the worst thing you have done for a number of years, to go to war with an immense empire like China, what might happen if the dragon, as it were, should be awakened? You would doubtless, at first, succeed…but you would teach them their own strength. They would be compelled to adopt measures to defend themselves against you; they would consider, and say, ‘we must try to make ourselves equal to this nation. Why should we suffer a people, so far away, to do as they please to us? We must build ships, we must put guns into them, we must render ourselves equal to them.' They would get artificers, and ship builders, from France, and America, and even from London; they would build a fleet,and, in the course of time, defeat you.”    I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.  The attempts at opening up more trade with China were disastrous and embarrassing for Britain. She needed her tea fix, but her silver reserves were depleted and thus the East India Company began to deal in opium. How could this possibly all go wrong?

De 1683 à 1760, soit pendant près de 80 ans, on les retrouvait en poste à Plaisance, à la Nouvelle-Orléans, à Louisbourg, à Détroit et à Montréal, entre autres. Ils assuraient la sécurité de la population, ils protégeaient les frontières et ils défendaient les possessions françaises en Amériques. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir financièrement la chaîne, trois choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl 3. UTip: https://utip.io/lhistoirenousledira Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Script: Geneviève C. Bergeron Montage: Jean-François Blais Musique issue du site : epidemicsound.com Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laurentturcot Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Pour aller plus loin: Marcel Fournier, dir., Les officiers des troupes de la Marine au Canada : 1683-1760, Québec, Septentrion, 2017. https://www.septentrion.qc.ca/catalogue/officiers-des-troupes-de-la-marine-au-canada-les René Chartrand, Le patrimoine militaire canadien. D'hier à aujourd'hui, tome 1 : 1000 à 1754, Montréal, Art global, 1993. https://www.canada.ca/fr/ministere-defense-nationale/services/histoire-militaire/histoire-patrimoine/histoires-militaire-lignees-officielles/general/livre-1993-patrimoine-militaire-1.html Louise Dechêne, Le peuple, l'État et la guerre au Canada sous le Régime français, Montréal, 2008. https://www.editionsboreal.qc.ca/catalogue/livres/peuple-etat-guerre-canada-sous-regime-1563.html   #histoire #documentaire

Si je vous parle du massacre du fort William-Henry ça vous dit quelque chose? Vous avez peut-être en tête le roman Le Dernier des Mohicans de James Fenimore Cooper qui en fait sa toile de fond, ou sa dernière adaptation cinématographique en 1992. Adhérez à cette chaîne pour obtenir des avantages : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN4TCCaX-gqBNkrUqXdgGRA/join Pour soutenir financièrement la chaîne, trois choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl 3. UTip: https://utip.io/lhistoirenousledira 00:00 : Introduction 01:13 : Guerre de sept ans 02:38 : Origines du massacre 05:59 : Guerre autochtone 07:23 : Faire des prisonniers 08:41 : Ramasser des scalps 09:58 : Prendre du butin 11:44 : Échos du massacre 13:50 : Conclusion Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Script: Geneviève C. Bergeron Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/laurentturcot Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Pour aller plus loin: Geneviève C. Bergeron, « Victoires au fort William-Henry (1757): les alliés amérindiens et la guerre de sept ans », Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Laval, 2002. https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/handle/20.500.11794/28600?fbclid=IwAR2Iwyjjc_BxjBPaURW3aG76Z97YS9KF3TGUtqLU5mk3pdyerdi4Bk11Mac Jonathan Dull, La Guerre de Sept Ans, Bécherel, 2009. Laurent Veyssière et Bertrand Fonck (dir.), La guerre de Sept Ans en Nouvelle-France, Québec, Septentrion (Canada) et PUPS (France), 2012. Fred Anderson, Crucible of War : The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766, New York, Knopf, 2000. Fred Anderson, The war that made America : a short history of the French and Indian War, New York, Viking, 2005. https://micheltheveninhistorien.blogspot.com/2019/09/le-dernier-des-mohicans-la-reddition-du.html?fbclid=IwAR11P5zzCwNupWhJdkbNB9XaZEsxssJR7_M4ZQSUG_HBZEoeEh5qWkCBW6k #histoire #documentaire

Si je n'interviens pas, c'est sûr, la porte va sortir de ses gonds et atterrir dans  mon salon. Alors que je l'entrouvre, une silhouette massive vêtue d'un manteau écarlate m'écarte du coude. Brutale irruption s'accompagnant d'une subtile fragrance de sous-bois qui ne parvient pourtant pas à camoufler le fumet plus rustique d'un castor mouillé.Pas de doute, c'est bien le sieur Cavelier de La Salle qui vient, avec sa légendaire délicatesse, de s'introduire chez moi…— Entre, René-Robert, fais comme chez toi donc.Que n'ai-je dit.D'emblée le voilà qui plante une croix dans mon plancher et brandit son épée en s'écriant, selon la formule consacrée :— Au nom de Sa Majesté, je prends possession de cette terre !Fâcheuse coutume sur laquelle nous reviendrons.En le présentant à mes convives effarés, je tente de lui expliquer quelques notions concernant le domaine royal, les formules de politesse et la valeur de mon parquet en chêne qui m'a coûté une forêt du même bois.— Eh bien, noble indigène, accepte en échange de ton hospitalité ce magnifique présent qui couvrira largement les dommages causés à ton bat-flanc.Avec force fracas, il pose sur la table, en guise de compensation, ce qu'il décrit comme un wampum, ceinture de coquillages prisée des Amérindiens du Nord-Est américain. Me voilà donc aussi comblé que dédommagé.Avant qu'il ne les fasse fuir, je préfère préciser à mes invités pourquoi je reçois ce baroudeur outrageusement perruqué et au visage couturé. Qui, plus que quiconque, semble « débarquer » chez moi.Je vous emmène pour cela au xviie siècle, outre-Atlantique. Dans ce coin d'Amérique du Nord que l'on appelait la « Nouvelle-France »...Texte & Voix : Bruno SoloEncore plus de Podcast à écouter ici sur PODCAST STORY