Podcasts about century bc

"The Peloponnesian War had ripped up the existing alliances in Greece — over the next decades, the main city-states looked for ways to regain money, power, and win battles." The team discuss the latest issue of the magazine City-States in an Arms Race: Greek innovation in the fourth century BC, issue 101.   Join us on Patron patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast  

In the 8th Century BC. Thank you for listening and God bless you!

Destroying Damascus rather substantially in 732 BC or thereabouts. Thank you for listening and God bless you!

May 12, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 41:11

May 12, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 37:10

Mainly the incredible archaeology and history of Sennacherib. Thank you for listening! Please leave a 5 star review, share and subscribe!

May 5, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 40:05

April 28, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 38:03

April 14, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 45:42

April 7, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 41:25

March 31, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 41:53

March 24, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 41:49

In the intellectual melee of 6th century BC we see the rise of new ideas and beliefs. We have discussed Ajivikas in the previous episode. In this episode we shall talk about Janinism --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/history0/message

The rise and spread of Buddhism in India from the Birth of Buddha to the schisms within the religion. #India #AncientIndia --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/history0/message

March 17, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 41:30

In the 6th century BC we see the consolidation of the previously existing polities called Janapadas. We now have Mahajanapadas. There were 16 such Mahajanapadas. Some were republics(Ganasanghas) and others were monarchies (Samrajya). This period saw rapid increse of agricultural output aided by iron ploughshare and canal based irrigation. This led to the second urbanisation in India (the Indus Valley Civilisation being the first urbanisation). Thus, the Mahajanapadas were proper states with centralised administration, bureaucracy, policing, taxation, sovereignty, army and a powerful King, who was aided by councils and brahmins. We also note the rise of more than 62 new schools or heterodox belief systems. There were four major schools of thought such as Ajivikism, Materialist schools(Ajita Kesakamilin and Charvaka), Buddhism and Jainism. Of these Buddhism and Jainism, still exist in India and many other countries. The rest, they either disappeared or merged into something else or morphed into something rent. We discuss Ajivikas and the materialists in this episode. Buddhism and Jainism would be covered in the next episode. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/history0/message

March 10, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 40:46        

Die mykenische Kultur. Eine Kultur, wo wir legendäre Figuren wie Agamemnon und Achilles finden. Eine Kultur, die vielleicht die Erzählung der Ilias durch ihre eigene kriegerische Natur und Konflikt beeinflusst haben könnte? Erkunden wir das Grab eines mykenischen Kriegers wie auch Beschwerden über einen Kriegsführer, der sich mit den mächtigen Hethitern angelegt hat. In der ersten Episode über die mykenische Kultur werden wir den Aspekt ihrer Kultur betrachten, wie sie mit uns meistens bereits in Berührung gekommen sind bisher: Das Militär und Kriegsführung. Quellen: Homer, Ilias “Gla” in livius.org “Greifenkrieger” in griffinwarrior.org Beckman/ Bryce/ Cline, The Ahhiyawa Texts, (= Writing from the Ancient World), 2011 Bryce, The Kingdom of Hittites, 2005 Castleden, The Mycenaeans, 2005 Chadwick, Die Mykenische Welt, 1979 Cline, The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean, 2012 D'Amato/Salimbeti, Bronze Age Greek Warrior 1600-1100, 2011 Davis/Stocker, The Lord of the Gold Rings (…), 2016 Deger-Jalkotzy, Mykenische Herrschaftsformen ohne Paläste und die griechische Poleis, 1995 Eder, Überlegungen zur politischen Geographie der mykenischen Welz (…), 2009 Feuer, Mycenaean Civilization (…), 2004 Fields, Bronze Age War Chariots, 2006 Ebd., Mycenaean Citadels c. 1360–1200 BC, 2004 Grguric, The Mycenaeans c. 1650–1100, 2010 Iakovidis, Late helladic citadels on mainland Greece, 1983 Ebd., Gla and the Kopais in the 13th Century BC, 2011 Howard, Bronze Age Military Equipment, 2011 Hume/Labropoulou, 3500 year-old treasure trove unearthed from grave of Greek warrior-king, 2017 Kelder, The Kingdom of Mycenae (…), 2010 Lawler, Rare Unlooted Grave of Wealthy Warrior Uncovered in Greece, 2015 Lehmann, Die “politischen-historischen” Beziehungen der Ägäis-Welt des 15.-13.Jhs.v.Chr. (…), 1991 Mann, Militär und Kriegsführung in der Antike, 2013 Mark, Homeric Seafaring, 2005 Palaima, Mycenean Militarism from a Textual Perspective, 1999 Schofield, The Mycenaeans, 2006 Shelton, Mainland Greece, 2012 Starr, This Prehistoric “Masterpiece” Could Rewrite The History of Ancient Greek Art, 2017 Tartaron, Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World, 2013 Wilson, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, 2013

March 3, 2024 - Sunday AM Bible Class   This quarter Phil Hartnady leads a study of the book of Jeremiah.    Jeremiah the weeping prophet forsake / forsaken X 24 backsliding / backslider X 13 return X 47 Key verses: 3:25, 6:13-16, 7:23-24, 7:28, 10:23, 20:9, 31:31-34 Key Chapter: 31, the coming of a Messiah that will bring a new covenant.   Jeremiah - weeping prophet - prophesied in Judah (Southern Kingdom) 7th Century BC. This book represents, like others, Gods timeless call to man to trust in him and not in themselves. He lived about 100 years after Isaiah and began his ministry about 626BC lasting until 586BC (60 years). World powers at his birth were Assyria and Egypt, and both were subdued by Babylon in his lifetime. Isaih saved Judiah from Assyria, Jeremiah tried to save them from Babylon, but was not successful. He foresaw Babylon's fall (51:64). Israel (Northern Kingdom) already carried away by Assyria, now Judiah stands alone. Jeremiah helps last good king (Josiah) in reformation of kingdom when book of the law is found. Josiah slain by Pharaoh Necro in 608BC, evil kings reign and hate Jeremiah. In 606 BC, Babylon conquer all, taking captives from Judah (including Daniel).    Jeremiah was young, devoutly religious, tenderhearted and uncommonly bold and courageous, one of the greatest preachers of his time. He foretold the fall of Judah to Babylon, and the return after 70 years of bondage. He spoke of the coming of "the Lord, Our Righteousness" (22:6, 33:16).   Lessons from Jeremiah: The problem of sin: 2:13, 5:30-31, 6:13, 3:25, 6:15, 7:4-7, 7:28 The wages of sin: 13:9-10, 18:1-11, 19:1-15, 24:1-10 God's plea... Amend your ways: 13:15, 3:12, 26:13 Coming of a New Covenant: 31:27-34 Personal Responsibility: 31:29-30   Duration 40:25        

Xu-Fu, was a famed Chinese explorer from the 2nd Century BC who set out on a voyage to find the elixir of eternal life. The story is known across South East Asia, but did Xu-Fu really finish his voyage in Japan? And more importantly, would immortality be all that great if it meant you had 2000 year old teeth? Athena and Tiernan look at all the evidence so you can decide. Brought to you by Small Wardour, makers of some of the best podcasts for kids. *** If your chief detectives want to hear more from the investigations, including more compelling evidence and extra fun facts, then you can become a paid subscriber of the show. Just click Subscribe on Apple Podcasts or visit patreon.com/bustortrustpodcast to get access to weekly bonus episodes, ad-free and early listening and exclusive extras. Your support will help us to investigate even more amazing mysteries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Legacy and the Loss. As Total War: Pharaoh begins, Egypt lives under the rule of MERNEPTAH. A mighty pharaoh, Merneptah has accomplished much in peace and war. But the King is aging, his journey will soon end, and his legacy will be complicated… Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). C. Manassa, The Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah: Grand Strategy in the 13th Century BC (2003). D. B. Redford, ‘The Ashkelon Relief at Karnak and the Israel Stela', Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986), 188—200. F. Servajean, Mérenptah et la fin de la XIXe dynastie (2014). I. Singer, ‘Merneptah's Campaign to Canaan and the Egyptian Occupation of the Southern Coastal Plain of Palestine in the Ramesside Period', Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1988), 1—10. F. J. Yurco, ‘Merenptah's Canaanite Campaign', Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23 (1986), 189—215. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Southern Colombian and Northern Ecuadorian coasts are home to a large rainforest, likely one of the wettest in the world. With average annual rainfall exceeding over forty feet (around thirteen meters) per year, it hardly seems the place for a great civilization to emerge. And yet, in the mid-4th Century BC, it did in the form of the amazing Tumaco Culture. Tune in this week to find out how they lived and the incredible artifacts they left behind! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/historylovescompany/support

"Know Thyself"! So said the Greek philosopher Socrates in the 4th Century BC. What He said is similar to what the Word of God says to us today. How do you Know Yourself? Many thought they knew themselves until they came under extreme pressure and wound up doing things they never thought were possible for them to do. For believers in Christ, there is only one way we are to correctly know ourselves. It is through the "Mirror" of the Word of God, specifically the mirror of the Love of God. +++++++ You can find more information on my website: https://pastorjohndunning.com/ You can hear my personal testimony on this website: https://www.ifyouonlyknew.life/

In the beginning there was nothing... Then, suddenly, you had to hide your kids, hide your wife, build an Ark, get down with some Nephilim, and beget shit done (mostly more begetting). We dig deep into the First book of the Bible, Genesis, purportedly written by Moses, considered to be historically a good bit younger, but filled to the brim with zany, vengeful, incestuous hubbub! Then, we talk Mouthguard Report... and play a game! Have a First for us? Or maybe a cloaca? Just wanna try to convince Kelly to play a video game? Email us at debutbuddies@gmail.comListen to Kelly and Chelsea's awesome horror movie podcast, Never Show the Monster.Get some sci-fi from Spaceboy Books.Get down with Michael J. O'Connor's music!Next time: First F-Bomb on American TV, or the First Skyscraper! 

Who wrote the first 5 books of the Bible? The Bible and Jesus teach that Moses is the author of the Pentateuch. However, most Old Testament scholars teach that the Pentateuch was written in the 8th Century BC by four priestly schools who created a mythical history for the Israelites. Is there evidence for Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch? Join Pat as he addresses the challenges of the Documentary Hypothesis, one of the most influential theories dominating our colleges and seminaries today and see if there is evidence for Mosaic authorship of the Old Testament.

Who wrote the first 5 books of the Bible? The Bible and Jesus teach that Moses is the author of the Pentateuch. However, most Old Testament scholars teach that the Pentateuch was written in the 8th Century BC by four priestly schools who created a mythical history for the Israelites. Is there evidence for Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch? Join Pat as he addresses the challenges of the Documentary Hypothesis, one of the most influential theories dominating our colleges and seminaries today and see if there is evidence for Mosaic authorship of the Old Testament.

2 Timothy 2:5 I wonder if you remember that agonising moment in the 2022 Commonwealth Games when our amazing 4x400m women's relay team was disqualified. It was all the more painful because they seemed to have won the race. They gave a confident and delighted interview straight after their success, only to learn that Jodie Williams and Victoria Ohuruogu had stepped out of lane on the second leg of the relay. Their smiles of rejoicing quickly turned to tears of distress. It was all terribly sad to watch, but the fact is that they had infringed the rules. As hard as it may be, there have to be rules in every sport - and that has always been the case. The metaphor of the soldier that we looked at yesterday was drawn from Roman life. However, the metaphor of the athlete was definitely drawn from Greek life. The Greeks had established their games at Olympia in the 8th Century BC and conducted them for the next 800 years. They had elaborate rules which governed every part of the games, including the preparation for them. Olympic athletes had to state on oath that they had completed the necessary ten months of training before the contest. Paul wanted Timothy to be clear that running the Christian race had rules that needed to be observed. He couldn't live his ministry in the way that suited only himself; he needed to live a highly disciplined life. Only in that way could he serve the Lord faithfully. There is something in all of us that recoils at the idea of obeying rules. We like to do things our own way. But we can be sure that the rules God gives to us are ones that ensure our liberty, and which enable us to find true contentment and fulfilment in life. QUESTIONS What are the key rules that govern your life? PRAYER Lord Jesus, give me your strength to live by the loving rules that you have laid down. Amen

First invented by the Greeks in 5th Century BC, democracy has grown to be a very appealing form of government for many countries in the world. While the idea of democracy was different from present-day democracy, the core concept of a rule by the people with a system of which citizens have the power to participate in decision-making remains somewhat true. Author Dr Diego Fossati discusses the evolution of democracy and what it means in this region of the world on the Breakfast Grille.

In the 5th Century BC, Plato wrote down the story of a mythical ancient kingdom known as "Atlantis". Long considered to be nothing more than a fable about hubris, recent evidence suggests there may be more than a little truth to this story. Welcome back to The Lore Lodge... Subscribe on Patreon to support The Lore Lodge for just $1 per month! https://patreon.com/thelorelodge Check out more of our stuff via https://linktr.ee/theaidanmattis Shop our curated storefront at https://amazon.com/shop/aidanmattis Discord: https://discord.gg/233tjGj46z Buy our signature coffee roast at https://tablowroastingco.com/products... Shop at Target and support The Lore Lodge at https://goto.target.com/lorelodge Shop sustainable products at https://www.gaiaindustrees.com/ using code "LORE"

In the 5th Century BC, Plato wrote down the story of a mythical ancient kingdom known as "Atlantis". Long considered to be nothing more than a fable about hubris, recent evidence suggests there may be more than a little truth to this story. Welcome back to The Lore Lodge... Subscribe on Patreon to support The Lore Lodge for just $1 per month! https://patreon.com/thelorelodge Check out more of our stuff via https://linktr.ee/theaidanmattis Shop our curated storefront at https://amazon.com/shop/aidanmattis Discord: https://discord.gg/233tjGj46z Buy our signature coffee roast at https://tablowroastingco.com/products... Shop at Target and support The Lore Lodge at https://goto.target.com/lorelodge Shop sustainable products at https://www.gaiaindustrees.com/ using code "LORE"

The reputation of the fabled Age of Exploration was solidified by such titans as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama and Sir Francis Drake, among many others. While their accomplishments were indeed significant, there's one voyage whose details have largely been forgotten by the greater public. In the 4th Century BC, a Greek set sail from his home in what's now Southern France and set sail for points unknown in the then uncharted North of Europe. Let's hop aboard his vessel and see what he discovered there, only on the 'History Loves Company' podcast! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historylovescompany/support

“A tendency to cause trouble” – over history, there have been LOTS of “definitions” of hysteria. Usually from men, starting in the 5th Century BC with Hippocrates. (You've heard of the Hippocratic Oath? Yeah. That guy.) Ahem. If you're like us, the least mention of hysteria in regards to those who identify as women really gets the hackles up. Outdated and untrue though it may be, it's still a problem: This notion of women being "hysterical" underpins much of women's struggles to get their issues recognized, respected, studied, and treated.  So in this episode, Ruby and Anne take apart these notions of women and hysteria, that great uber-diagnosis that explained All The Things. Except it didn't. Though the episode is genuinely hilarious (note the purposeful avoidance of ‘hysterical' in reference to ha ha funny), it's an important issue – women often aren't diagnosed or are mis-diagnosed for YEARS, causing not just undue suffering, but also allowing disease progression and potentially triggering inappropriate self-medicating, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation.  So listen to the episode, laugh along with the hosts and the ludicrous ideas that “science” has held about women's bodies. Then gird your loins, gals, and be ready to advocate for yourself when remnants of that old “hysteria” idea creep into modern life. Menopause is NOT all in your head, heart attacks look different in women, cramps shouldn't be debilitating, and any medical professional who says "just deal with it" for flooding periods can f- uh, find a more suitable profession. Looking for more great information? Find Ruby and Anne and their catalog of episodes on your favorite podcast app and at https://thewholepineapple.com/.  References https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480686/  (Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health - PMC (nih.gov)) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128017722000011 (A brief history of hysteria: From the ancient to the modern - ScienceDirect) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/the-controversy-of-female-hysteria#Vibrators-for-hysteria? https://www.wired.com/2014/05/fantastically-wrong-wandering-womb/ https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2021/08/10/the-lingering-effects-of-female-hysteria-in-medicine/  https://www.themedicalcareblog.com/female-hysteria-womens-health-disparities/ https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/high-court-lets-alabama-sex-toy-ban-stand/  https://muse.jhu.edu/article/562915/summary Here is where you can read The Yellow Wallpaper https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1952/1952-h/1952-h.htm

From John Dickson: While we're working hard on our next Season of Undeceptions, I've asked the Rev Dr George Athas to have a chat to you about how we can be sure our old stuff - artefacts we've found from thousands of years ago - is actually old. George is Director of Research, Old Testament and Hebrew at Moore Theological College in Sydney. We spoke to him at length for our super popular episode called ‘Between Testaments', so go check that out if you haven't heard it already. It's one of my favourites. George has done a huge amount of research on the Tel Dan Inscription, a fragmentary stele that dates to the 9th Century BC. It's considered the most important - and controversial - inscription found in Israel in recent years. And George wrote the first book about it. So, over to him. 

Welcome to Episode 2 of the Dive & Dig Ancient World Series. In this episode, finds from two key 4th century BC shipwreck sites in Cyprus at Mazotos and Kyrenia tell us about trade and connectivity in Classical Greece.  Olive stones, amphorae and small vessels bring the crews of one ancient ship back to life and the art of ancient seafaring and navigation is revealed through a series of ship replicas. Bettany visits the conservation lab in Cyprus to see some of the remarkable finds from the Mazotos shipwreck, including evidence of a sailor's packed lunch! And Lucy speaks to Glavkos, who helped to build and sail a reconstruction of the Kyrenia, a 4th Century BC ancient Greek merchant ship. 

The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides audiobook. The History of the Peloponnesian War is an account of the Peloponnesian War in Ancient Greece, fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens) in the 5th Century BC. It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian general who served in the war. It is widely considered a classic and regarded as one of the earliest scholarly works of history. The History is divided into eight books. These book divisions are the work of editors in later antiquity.

The story behind today's Chinese Saying is an old favorite of all lovers of popular Chinese history. How can we forget Zhao Gao 赵高 from the Qin Dynasty and the famous story behind Zhǐ Lù Wéi Mǎ 指鹿为马. In our connected age when it's so easy to hoodwink one another in news feeds and social media, this is the perfect chéngyǔ to keep handy at all times. And of course, because this Zhǐ Lù Wéi Mǎ strategy worked so well for Zhao Gao in the 3rd Century BC, many an autocrat since, also found it handy and useful, not to mention, effective. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The story behind today's Chinese Saying is an old favorite of all lovers of popular Chinese history. How can we forget Zhao Gao 赵高 from the Qin Dynasty and the famous story behind Zhǐ Lù Wéi Mǎ 指鹿为马. In our connected age when it's so easy to hoodwink one another in news feeds and social media, this is the perfect chéngyǔ to keep handy at all times. And of course, because this Zhǐ Lù Wéi Mǎ strategy worked so well for Zhao Gao in the 3rd Century BC, many an autocrat since, also found it handy and useful, not to mention, effective. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How Does the Book of Mormon Text Reflect a Seventh-Century-BC Israelite Writing Style? #635 by Book of Mormon Central

Quizmasters Lee and Marc are meet for a general knowledge trivia quiz with topics including Animals , Geography, Sports, History, Technology, and more! Round One OCCUPATIONS - A hagiography is a person who writes about what subject, which shares its name with an NFL NFC-South Team? SOCCER PLAYERS - Edson Arantes do Nascimento is a Brazilian soccer star better known by what name? U.S. GEOGRAPHY - In what Virginia city is the C.I.A. located? ANIMALS - With a name taken from the Malay word for "Forest Person", what kind of animal is considered to be the heaviest tree-dwelling animal? GEOGRAPHY - Mount Teide, a world heritage site and the third-tallest volcano in the world, is found in what Archipelago? LGBTQ+ ICONS - What trans composer provided the scores for the Stanley Kubrick movies A Clockwork Orange, The Shining and Disney's Tron? Round Two F1 RACING - What F1 racer holds the records for the most wins (103), pole positions (103), and podium finishes (183)? NAMES OF THINGS - What is known as a Mourning Cloak in North America and a Camberwell Beauty in the UK? STOCK MARKETS - In which city was the first U.S. stock exchange opened in 1790 (two years before the opening of the NYSE)? TECHNOLOGY - The Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco was the first place to have a precursor to what installed in 1899? ANCIENT MEMES - What meme Law of the Internet, coined in 1990, states “as an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Hitler approaches 1.” GREAT BRITAIN - Glasgow, Liverpool, Newcastle and London are the only four British cities to have what? Final Questions SPORTS TERMS - In what competitive sport would you find an oche? EUROPEAN CAPITALS - Which European capital city started off as a town called Lutetia founded in the 3rd Century BC? Upcoming LIVE Know Nonsense Trivia Challenges June 15th, 2022 - Know Nonsense Challenge - Point Ybel Brewing Co. - 7:30 pm EDT June 16th, 2022 - Know Nonsense Trivia Challenge - Ollie's Pub Records and Beer - 7:30 pm EDT You can find out more information about that and all of our live events online at KnowNonsenseTrivia.com All of the Know Nonsense events are free to play and you can win prizes after every round. Thank you Thanks to our supporters on Patreon. Thank you, Quizdaddies – Gil, Tim, Tommy, Adam, Brandon Thank you, Team Captains – Kristin & Fletcher, Aaron, Matthew, David Holbrook, Mo, Lydia, Rick G, Skyler Thank you, Proverbial Lightkeepers – Elyse, Kaitlynn, Frank, Trent, Nina, Justin, Katie, Ryan, Robb, Captain Nick, Grant, Ian, Tim Gomez, Rachael, Moo, Rikki, Nabeel, Jon Lewis, Adam, Lisa, Spencer, Luc, Hank, Manu, Justin P., Cooper, Sarah, Karly, Lucas Thank you, Rumplesnailtskins – Mike J., Mike C., Efren, Steven, Kenya, Dallas, Issa, Paige, Allison, Kevin & Sara, Alex, Mike K., Loren, MJ, HBomb, Aaron, Laurel, FoxenV, Sarah, Edsicalz, Megan, brandon, Chris, Alec, Sai, Nathan, Tim If you'd like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content, please visit http://theknowno.com and click "Support." Quizmasters Lee and Marc meet for a bonus general knowledge quiz on topics including Birthstones, Sports, Movies, Celebrities, Musicals, 90's Memes and more, exclusively for our supporters!

5 facts about Panchatantra- 1. It was written By Pandit Vishnu Sharma in 3 rd. Century BC. 2. he was born in the paradise in Earth Kashmir. 2. The Panchatantra stories are very old. Originally narrated in Sanskrit (Hindu) and Pali (Buddhist), they were written in their present form by Pandit Vishnu Sharma 3. King Amar Shakti asked Pandit Sharma to impart worldly wisdom to his three sons. Pandit Sharma agreed to do this within 6 months. 4. The five principles or practices illustrated by Panchatantra are 'Mitra Bhedha' (Loss of Friends), 'Mitra Laabha' (Gaining Friends), 'Suhrudbheda' (Causing discord between Friends), 'Vigraha' (Separation) and 'Sandhi' (Union)

Daniel 1.17 NLT 'God gave Daniel the special ability to interpret the meanings of visions and dreams.' The book of Daniel transports us to the time when Nebuchadnezzar, the King of Babylon, invaded Judah and took thousands of its residents into exile. This happened in the 6th Century BC. God had clearly prophesied that this would happen if the people failed to obey him, and Babylon's victory was complete and humiliating. To be dragged hundreds of miles away to a completely unfamiliar place and culture represented Judah's total failure. But King Nebuchadnezzar recognised that amidst the exiles were some very gifted young men. He chose four of them, who were strong, healthy and good-looking, and trained them up for service in the royal palace. They were Daniel and his three friends – who we know best by their adopted Babylonian names Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego. The four exiles clearly fitted into their new life really well. We are told that they had an unusual aptitude for understanding every aspect of literature and wisdom. We also learn that Daniel was given the special gift of interpreting dreams. The whole book of Daniel relies on this fact, and it is doubtful that we would be talking about him today if this gift had not been given. The key fact in all of this is that God gave him the gift. It wasn't an innate ability, or a skill that he had acquired through doing extensive reading. God gave him the gift – and the outcome was transformative for the exiles and the future history of God's people. But this isn't just an ancient story of how God worked long ago. Today God gives gifts to the right people to do his work. Sometimes the gifts that he gives are closely related to natural abilities, but often they are not. He gives gifts of caring, speaking his word, administration, healing, listening and prophesying. We need to be open to receive God's gifts, however big a surprise they may be to us. And when we receive them and start using them, we need to remember that they aren't the result of our own personal brilliance, but a love gift from God who deserves all the praise. Question: What special gift has God give you and how are you going to use it today? Prayer: Loving God, thank you for your generosity and love. Help me to treasure every gift that you have given to me. Amen

This month an exhibition about the ground-breaking Phoenician Shipwreck Project is being held at the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta, Malta. The ship was found in 110 metres of water and dates back to the 7th Century BC. It is the first archaeological excavation by divers in more than 100m of water, not only is the site revealing more secrets about the Phoenicians but it is also breaking new ground in underwater technology. We talk to Timmy Gambin about the site and the exhibition. 

5 facts about Panchatantra- 1. It was written By Pandit Vishnu Sharma in 3 rd. Century BC. 2. he was born in the paradise in Earth Kashmir. 2. The Panchatantra stories are very old. Originally narrated in Sanskrit (Hindu) and Pali (Buddhist), they were written in their present form by Pandit Vishnu Sharma 3. King Amar Shakti asked Pandit Sharma to impart worldly wisdom to his three sons. Pandit Sharma agreed to do this within 6 months. 4. The five principles or practices illustrated by Panchatantra are 'Mitra Bhedha' (Loss of Friends), 'Mitra Laabha' (Gaining Friends), 'Suhrudbheda' (Causing discord between Friends), 'Vigraha' (Separation) and 'Sandhi' (Union) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/sudeshna-mandal1/message

Deuteronomy, Devarim, Words. Moses' words recall his uneasy relationship with speech all the way back to his conversation with God at the burning bush. Moses recounts Israelite history from the Exodus on, continually reiterating that he will not cross into the promised land with his people. This melancholy reminiscing of Moses is likely a product of later editors who crafted this text to fit their contemporary religious reforms around the 7th Century BC. God is more narrowly defined and religious practice is centralized under the authority of the temple priests. This context provides interesting possibilities for the narrative of Lehi and his family in the Book of Mormon. To what degree might Lehi's persecution be for what are deemed by the Deuteronomistic reformers to be unorthodox beliefs and religious practices? How might Nephi's vision of the Tree of Life relate to the Divine Feminine that is so systematically subverted in Deuteronomy? This final book of the Torah calls for interpretation as much as it is itself a complex work of reinterpretation and reform of the Israelite tradition.

Starting with Augustus's Mausoleum from 28 BC, to the Ponte Fabricio from 62 BC, to Teatro Marcello finished in 13 BC makes you think twice about all that has taken place since. Walking across the Tiber River in 2021, on a bridge that was built 2083 years beforehand is not something you get to do every day. Several buildings, theaters, porticos and even the bridge that crosses the Tiber, are from the 1st century BC. It's almost impossible to remember the dates and history of these sites as you are standing on them, or walking over them, but one thing is for sure, you will always remember that you did. Rome is a very special city for so many reasons, but in my opinion, the fact that all of these historical sites are still there, and so well maintained (considering the amount of people from around the world who descend upon Rome year after year) is a testament to the Italian people. They respect their history and their pride is clearly evident. I am Kimberly Holcombe and I am a travel planner and lover of all things Italian. I lived in Italy for six years as a fashion photographer, and fell head over heels for the people and the culture. I plan private trips to anywhere in Italy for individuals, couples, families and small groups of friends. https://instagram.com/kimberlysitaly?utm_medium=copy_link (Instagram) https://www.kimberlysitaly.com (Website) https://www.facebook.com/ItalianTripsbyKimberly (Facebook )

Happy Purim! The Burros of Berea kickoff their new study on the Book of Esther with a special Holiday edition! The holiday is called Purim. Never heard of that? Neither did we! Listen in to discover the celebration of the salvation of the entire Jewish race thanks to a little Jewish orphan girl named Esther who is selected to be Queen of the Persian Empire in just the right time! The Jewish people have celebrated this day since the 5th Century BC! Listen in to learn all about this special holiday as well as the kickoff to our new series on the Book of Esther titled "A "Lot" can change "a lot". Thanks for listening and supporting our podcast!

Happy Purim! The Burros of Berea begin their series on Esther with a special Holiday edition! Not familiar with this holiday? Neither were we until we got into the study of Esther and discovered this special day that the Jewish people have celebrated since the 5th Century BC! Listen in to find out about this long celebrated remembrance of the salvation of the entire Jewish race due to a little orphan girl that was selected to be Queen of the Persian Empire just in time! It's also the kickoff of our new Series on the Book of Esther titled A "Lot" can change "a lot". Thanks for listening and supporting our podcast!

Dreams of Consciousness Podcast Episode 217 features an interview with Sebastien von Landau of Wyatt E. Belgian trio Wyatt E. create slow, atmospheric soundscapes with Middle Eastern overtones - an Orientalist counterpart to Earth's Southwestern twang. Their cinematic music conjures historical images without the use of lyrics, resulting in what guitarist/bassist Sebastien von Landau describes as "the soundtrack of a travel in the desert in between Jerusalem and Babylon in the 6th Century BC." I spoke with Sebastien about how 15 years of jamming with his bandmate Stephane Rondia led to the creation of Wyatt E.'s sprawling, cinematic sound, as well as how the band's Middle Eastern melodies led Sebastien to explore his own cultural background. We also discussed Wyatt E.'s circuitous writing/recording process, and how that process resulted in their latest album āl bēlūti dārû. My thanks to Sebastien for speaking with me, and to all of you for listening. Music In This Episode: "Aswan" [edit] taken from the album Mount Sinai/Aswan "Kol Badai" (with Tomer Damsky) taken from JauneOrange Split Single #2 "Šarru Rabu" [edit] taken from the upcoming album āl bēlūti dārû Thanks for listening! Interviews, reviews, and more at www.dreamsofconsciousness.com

Summary:  Join us as we review how philosophers and modern secular psychologists understand mental health and well-being.  In this episode, we look at the attempts to define what make us happy, from the 4th century BC to the present day.  Arristipus, Aristotle, Descartes, Freud, Seligman, Porges, Schwartz, and two diagnostic systems.  We take a special look at how positive psychology and Internal Family Systems see well-being.   Lead in  In  June of 1991 I was really traumatized Just left a spiritually and psychologically abusive group and I was struggling  How could this have happened  I thought I was giving my life to God -- and then I find out the community I was in was like this --  Had to confront my own behaviors in the community -- manipulation, deception, betrayals of trust -- things like that.   I knew I had to recover.  And so I went on a quest  I was still Catholic, I never lost my faith, but I felt really burned by the Catholic Church  I wanted to learn everything I could about social influence, about group dynamics, about psychological manipulation -- in part so what happened before would never happen again, and also to tap into wisdom that I didn't have access to in my very sheltered community.  In short, I was on a quest to find out the best of what secular psychology had to offer.   I would have gone to a Catholic Graduate  What I was looking for  What I found   Introduction Question may arise, "Why Dr. Peter, since you are a Catholic psychologist, why are you even looking at these secular sources? Why even bother with them?  Don't we have everything we need in Scripture, in the traditions of the Church, in the writings of the Church Fathers and the saints, and in magisterial teaching?  I thought this was a Catholic podcast here.   Let me ask you question in return then -- Let's say you're experiencing serious physical symptoms -- something is wrong medically.  You have intense abdominal pain, right around your navel, your belly is starting to swell, you have a low-grade fever, you've lost your appetite and you're nauseous and you have diarrhea.  How would you react if I were to say to you: "Why are you considering consulting secular medical experts?  What need have you of doctors and a hospital?  Don't you have everything you need in Scripture, in the traditions of the Church, in the writings of the Church Fathers and the saints, and in magisterial teaching?   If I responded to you like that, you might think I'm a crackpot or that I believe in faith healing alone or that I just don't get what you are experiencing. Those are the symptoms of an appendicitis, and that infected appendix could burst 48-72 hours after your first symptoms.  If that happens, bacteria spread infection throughout your abdomen, and that is potentially life-threatening.  You would need surgery to remove the appendix and clean out your abdomen.   Remember that we are embodied beings -- we are composites of a soul and a body. The 17th Century Philosopher Rene Descartes' gave us a lot of great things, including analytic geometry,  but he was wrong splitting the body from the mind in his dualism.   Descartes' mind-body dualism, the idea that the body and the mind operate in separate spheres, and neither can be assimilated into the other which has been so influential in our modern era. In the last several years we are realizing just how much of our mental life and our psychological well-being is linked in various ways to our neurobiology -- the ways that our nervous systems function.  And the relationship between our embodied brain and our minds is reciprocal -- each affects the other in complex ways that we are just beginning to understand.  In other words, brain chemistry affects our emotional states.  And our emotional states and our behaviors affect brain chemistry.  It's not just our minds and it's not just our bodies and it's not just our souls -- it's all of those, all of what makes me who I am, body, mind, soul, spirit, all of it.   And since Scripture, the Early Church Fathers, the Catechism and so on are silent on neurobiology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology and so many other areas that impact our minds and our well-being, as a Catholic psychologist I am going to look elsewhere, I'm going to look into secular sources.  I just don't think it's reasonable to expect the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the Vatican to be experts in these areas -- it's not their calling.  I just don't think anyone is going to find an effective treatment for bulimia by consulting the writings of the Early Church Fathers or in St. Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica.  That is unreasonable .  And it's just as unreasonable, in my opinion, to ignore the body and just try to work with the mind.   I also believe that God works through non-Catholics in many ways -- many non-Catholic researchers and clinicians and theorists are using the light of natural reason to discover important realities that help us understanding well-being, and they are inspired to seek what can be known with good motivations, with good hearts and sharp minds to help and love others.   I am a Catholic with upper-case C, a big C and I am catholic with a lower-case C -- a little C.  Catholic with a little C.  According to my Oxford American Writer's Thesaurus, Third Edition, which I rely on for wordfinding, according to this thesaurus, the synonyms for Catholic with a small c include the following terms:  universal, diverse, broad-based, eclectic, comprehensive, all-encompassing, all-embracing and all-inclusive.  That's what catholic with a small c means.  So I am Catholic with a big C and catholic with a small c.   And a final point about why I look to secular sources -- The Church herself encourages us to look to all branches of knowledge and glean what is best from them.   From the CCC, paragraph 159  "Though faith is above reason, there can never be any real discrepancy between faith and reason. Since the same God who reveals mysteries and infuses faith has bestowed the light of reason on the human mind, God cannot deny himself, nor can truth ever contradict truth." "Consequently, methodical research in all branches of knowledge, provided it is carried out in a truly scientific manner and does not override moral laws, can never conflict with the faith, because the things of the world and the things of faith derive from the same God. The humble and persevering investigator of the secrets of nature is being led, as it were, by the hand of God in spite of himself, for it is God, the conserver of all things, who made them what they are." And from the Vatican II document, the Pastoral Constitution of the Church in the Modern World, paragraph 62 reads:  In pastoral care, sufficient use must be made not only of theological principles, but also of the findings of the secular sciences, especially of psychology and sociology, so that the faithful may be brought to a more adequate and mature life of faith. Finally, I will say that considering the whole person -- Soul, spirit, mind and body -- all of the person is so much more helpful in the process of recovery that just splitting off the mind and working with it alone, or just trying to work with the mind and the soul but not the body.  So there are pragmatic considerations, practical aspects to this.  I like to practice psychology in ways that actually work.  The fruit that comes from considering the body and working with the body as well the mind and soul is just so much better.  And so we want to work in an integrative way.  That what this podcast Interior Integration for Catholics is all about -- this is episode 90 released on March 7. 2022, titled Your Well-Being:  The Secular Experts Speak and I am  I am clinical psychologist Peter Malinoski, your host and companion today, and also president and Co-Founder of Souls and Hearts at soulsandhearts.com -- our mission in Souls and Hearts is to bring the best of psychology and human formation grounded in a Catholic understanding of the human person to help wounded Catholics rise above our psychological issues and human formation problems which hold us back from embracing love from Jesus, the Holy Spirit, God our Father and Mary our Mother and loving them back with our whole souls and hearts, with all our parts.    Secular Sources The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 -- DSM-5 for short.   From the American Psychiatric Association, which publishes the DSM-5 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. It provides a common language for clinicians to communicate about their patients and establishes consistent and reliable diagnoses that can be used in the research of mental disorders. It also provides a common language for researchers to study the criteria for potential future revisions and to aid in the development of medications and other interventions. So you would think, given that glowing description of its prowess and authority that it would tell us what psychological well-being is, it would let us know what mental health is.  But if you thought that, you'd be wrong.   Nowhere in the nearly 1000 pages of this tome is there are definition.  You can't find it.  No definition of mental health or psychological wellbeing.  You get a definition of mental disorder and a couple of descriptions of what is not a mental disorder.  This is a quote from page 20.   Definition of a mental disorder:  A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above. But no definition of what optimal functioning, or happiness or well-being or psychological health would look like.  That's a real problem.  How are we supposed to know what psychological disorder is when we don't know what psychological health should entail? Canadian Blogger, author and Christian pastor Tim Challies published a blog titled "Counterfeit Detection" in which he describes how Canadian federal agents are trained to detect counterfeit bills -- they first get very familiar with the real money.  Real bills.  Those Canadian follow what John MacArthur wrote in his book Reckless Faith. "Federal agents don't learn to spot counterfeit money by studying the counterfeits. They study genuine bills until they master the look of the real thing. Then when they see the bogus money they recognize it."  Only then are they equipped to spot the forgeries.   So we need a standard, we need to know what well-being looks like so we can use it as a reference point for contrasting anything which is out of order in our psyches.  We're not going to get that reference point from the DSM-5, so let's turn to history.  Let's go back in time to the philosophers of ancient Greece who wrote about well-being and start there.  Let's see if we can find out from our secular sources what the good life is.  What psychological well-being is, what mental health is.    Hedonic wellbeing -- basically this is about feeling good:     Aristippus, a Greek philosopher in the fourth century BC argued that the primary and ultimate goal in life should be to maximize pleasure.  English philosophers  Thomas Hobbes 17th century and Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century, crossing into the 19th century also embraced Hedonic well being.   Definition:  Hedonic wellbeing "focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance” Ryan and Deci, 2001 On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology How much pleasure can I get?  How much pain can I avoid -- Hedonic wellbeing.  Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy The term “hedonism,” from the Greek word ἡδονή (hēdonē) for pleasure, refers to several related theories about what is good for us, how we should behave, and what motivates us to behave in the way that we do. All hedonistic theories identify pleasure and pain as the only important elements of whatever phenomena they are designed to describe.   Back to Ryan and Deci “the predominant view among hedonic psychologists is that well-being consists of subjective happiness and concerns the experience of pleasure versus displeasure broadly construed to include all judgments about the good/bad elements of life. Happiness is thus not reducible to physical hedonism, for it can be derived from attainment of goals or valued outcomes in varied realms  Ryan and Deci, 2001 On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology Summary statement:  Hedonic well-being -- maximize the pleasure, minimize the pain.   And that makes sense to us -- we all have some innate attraction to pleasure and some innate avoidance of pain.   Eudaimonic wellbeing "producing happiness," 1856, from Greek eudaimonikos "conducive to happiness," from eudaimonia "happiness," from eu "good" (see eu-) + daimōn "guardian, genius" (see daimon).  In contrast to hedonic wellbeing's focus on pleasure, we have eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on meaning and purpose in life.   Trace this back to Aristotle also in the 4th Century BC, contemporary of Aristippus.  Aristotle argued, especially in his Nichomachean Ethics -- Aristotle argued that the best things are the ones who perform their function to the highest degree.  My son John Malinoski used this example in his senior thesis for Wyoming Catholic college. His thesis was titled Into the Jung-le: Exploring How Modern Psychological Methodology Relates to and Transforms the Classical Understanding of Man's Psyche  and it has this passage which precisely describes how Aristotle saw well-being, using an illustrative  example of a squirrel and then describing what well-being is for us as human persons:   Aristotle begins his quest for the happy man with one of these endoxa: the generally held, plausible truth that the best things are the ones who perform their function to the highest degree. It seems self-evident that we would judge the worth of a squirrel based on how fast that squirrel can run, how high it can leap, or how much food it can find. In other words, the best squirrel is the one that best fulfills its squirrel nature. Correspondingly, the best man must be the man who excels at being a man; he performs the functions of man to the highest degree. While man has many functions which he shares in common with plants and animals--life, growth, sensation, and so on--he has one particular ability which is unique to him: the ability to reason. Since this higher faculty distinguishes and elevates man above the lesser beings below him, Aristotle claims that it must be the most important aspect of his soul, the characteristic function of man: “We posit the work of a human being as a certain life, and this is an activity of soul and actions accompanied by reason.”6 Since “each thing is brought to completion well in accord with the work proper to it,” it follows that “the human good becomes an activity of the soul in accord with virtue, and if there are several virtues, then in accord with the best and most complete one.”7  This is Aristotle's brief summation of the human good, or happiness. In short, the truly virtuous man has ordered his soul to the fullest extent: not only are all his actions ordered towards reason and the good, but all his inclinations point him toward these properly ordered actions as well. Gale and colleagues 2009 article in the Journal of Personality  The eudaimonic perspective of wellbeing – based on Aristotle's view that true happiness comes from doing what is worth doing – focuses on meaning and self-realization, and defines wellbeing largely in terms of ways of thought and behavior that provide fulfillment. Freud Let's fast forward 2400 years now to Freud.  From the 4th century BC to the 20th Century AD.  To Freud  A lot of people believe that Freud was really a hedonist -- in part because of his pleasure principle.  In Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the pleasure principle is that driving impulse of the id -- the id is the most basic, primitive part of the personality driven by instincts, mostly buried deep in the unconscious.  The pleasure principle describes how the id seeks immediate gratification of all its needs, wants, and urges, seeking with force to satiate hunger, quench thirst, discharge anger, and experience sexual pleasure.   "To Love and to Work" -- summarizing in one pithy statement what a healthy man or woman should be able to do well.   “Love and work…work and love, that's all there is…love and work are the cornerstones of our humanness.” -- Civilization and its Discontents  Play:  Freud believed and taught that play was important -- play is a creative activity, play is an adaptive activity, and play is also a therapeutic activity because play generates pleasure through the release of  tension.  Summarize Freud's position on happiness -- the ability to Love, work and play.   Freud in his 1895 book "Studies on Hysteria" coauthored with Josef Breuer.  But you will see for yourself that much has been gained if we succeed in turning your hysterical misery into common unhappiness. With a mental life that has been restored to health, you will be better armed against that unhappiness.” Freud did not promise that his psychoanalytic method would remove "common unhappiness."  He taught that psychoanalysis had its limits.   Which leads us to fast forward 100 years to the late 1990's and the advent of Positive Psychology, which is not satisfied by just accepting common unhappiness.  Positive psychology posits that we can do something about that common unhappiness and make it better -- so it is more ambitious in its goals and promises than Freud ever was.   Positive Psychology:   Definitions:   Peterson 2008  “Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living”  positive psychology is a scientific approach to studying human thoughts, feelings, and behavior, with a focus on strengths instead of weaknesses, building the good in life instead of repairing the bad, and taking the lives of average people up to “great” instead of focusing solely on moving those who are struggling up to “normal”  the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing  -- flourishing really is the focus of positive psychology, it's a critical word.  And there's a focus on flourishing in three primary domains.   Flourishing  intrapersonally -- which means within one's own person, within one's own being -- intrapersonally (e.g. biologically, emotionally, cognitively) Flourishing interpersonally (e.g. relationally), in our personal relationships And flourishing collectively (e.g. institutionally, culturally and globally) -- in our culture and society -- flourishing collectively So flourishing is the key word, and the focus is on flourishing intrapersonally, interpersonally, and collectively So what makes the good life according to positive psychologists, according to Martin Seligman? Seligman in his 2002 book Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment details four different forms of what he calls "the good life."  Four different forms or ways of living well, four kinds of well-being.    These are the 1) the pleasant life; 2) a good life; 3) a meaningful life; and 4) a full life.  Repeat them.   We'll go through each one of these starting with the pleasant life.   The pleasant life: according to Martin Seligman, the pleasant life is a simple life, he says "a life that successfully pursues the positive emotions about the present, past and future"  He elaborates, "The pleasant life is wrapped up in the successful pursuit of the positive feelings, supplemented by the skills of amplifying those emotions."  This takes us back to the hedonic wellbeing we discussed earlier, as originally posited by Aristippus, our Greek philosopher in the fourth century BC.  All about the pursuit of good feelings, maximizing positive emotions.  The good life: The good life, according to positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman means  "using your signature strengths to obtain abundant gratification in the main realms of one's life"  So in this good life, you are able to use your particular talents and unique skills, your special strengths, being true to your own character, being true to your values and virtues, so this sense of "authenticity" is very important in the good life.  So we have the pleasant life, all about positive emotions; and now the good life, in which you have abundant gratification by you doing you, by you being authentic through using your signature qualities in in the world.  The good life is not a permanent state -- we are not always going to be able to use our special talents and qualities in a way that is gratifying to us -- rather, the good life has to be a process of ongoing growth, a process of development.  It's all about continuing to grow.   Then we have the  meaningful life, that's the third form, the meaningful life.  Seligman describes this as "using your signature strengths and virtues in the service of something much larger than you are" In this way of living well, you have a strong bond to "something larger than yourself."  In this way of well-being, it's up to each individual what that "something larger than yourself" is going to be.  So at this point we've covered three of the four kinds of well-being:  we have the pleasant life, all about maximizing your pleasant emotions, we have the good life, which is all about using your signature strength and virtues to be gratified, and we have the third form, the meaningful life, in which we use our signature strengths and virtues in the service of something larger than us.  This level of well-being brings us back to Aristotle and his eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on pursuing meaning and purpose in life.   That leaves us with the fourth way, the full life.  Seligman describes the full life as follows: «Finally, a full life consists in experiencing positive emotions about the past and future, savoring positive feelings from pleasures, deriving abundant gratification from your signature strengths, and using these strengths in the service of something larger to obtain meaning»  So what is added to the first three ways of well-being in this last way, the fourth way, the full life is the concept of service.  Here's where he starts to sound a little like Bob Dylan's 1979 song "Gotta Serve Somebody."  In the full life, a  man uses his strengths and abilities in the most optimized way to serve something larger than himself." In the full life, a woman gets outside herself and brings her talents and virtues to serve a greater good in a way that shines.  The full life reflects optimal human functioning.  Seligman thus is very Aristotleian in how  he argues that a person has the best experience of life, the greatest sense of well-being when that person is functioning  optimally, bringing all the particular talents, skills, strengths and virtues to bear in the services of the greater good.  Effort to refocus psychology on wholeness and wellness -- not on illness or disorder or weaknesses or problems Focus on positive aspects A to Z list from Chapter 2 of the book Well-Being, Recovery, and Mental Health by Lindsay Oades and Lara Mossman:  altruism, accomplishment, appreciation of beauty and excellence, authenticity, best possible selves, character strengths, coaching, compassion, courage, coping, creativity, curiosity, emotional intelligence, empathy, flow, forgiveness, goal setting, gratitude, grit, happiness, hope, humor, kindness, leadership, love, meaning, meditation, mindfulness, motivation, optimism, performance, perseverance, positive emotions, positive relationships, post-traumatic growth, psychological capital, purpose, resilience, savoring, self-efficacy, self-regulation, spirituality, the good life, virtues, wisdom and zest.  Origin of Positive Psychology is often attributed to Abraham Maslow's 1954 book "Motivation and Personality."   Really took off in the late 1990's when positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman became president of the American Psychological Society and was able to effectively popularize positive psychology Increase human strength -- make people more "productive"  Nurturing of genius and fostering greater human potential  Calling for research on human strength and virtue.   How do human being flourish at the individual level, the community level, and at the societal level?   Emphasis on Different interventions that have been found to improve levels of happiness and well-being.   Best possible self -- writing about yourself at your best, remembering yourself at your best Working on forgiveness -- I find this really interesting that forgiveness  -- Robert Enright has done a lot of research in this area, with a focus on letting go of anger, resentment and bitterness toward those who have caused me pain. Getting a more balanced view of the offender  Reducing negative feelings toward the offender and possibly increasing compassion  Relinquishing the right to punish the offender or demand restitution.     Increasing gratitude -- finding things to be thankful for, reflecting on blessings, expressing gratitude in a variety of ways -- Gratitude is the expression of appreciate for what I have.  Research shows many positive psychological benefits to deliberately practicing gratitude Fostering optimism -- the tendency to anticipate favorable outcomes.  Things are going to work out.  The glass is half full.  The idea is that optimism can be learned.  It can be practiced and developed and when it is, people feel better.   Cultivating Mindfulness the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment“ (Kabat-Zinn, Reference Kabat-Zinn2003, p. 2) Listening to uplifting music Positive Psychotherapy Savoring (savoring can be past-focused (reminiscing about positive experiences), present-focused (savoring the moment) or future-focused (anticipating positive experiences yet to come) (Smith et al., 2014) Self-compassionate writing -- being gentle with yourself in your journal PDM 2 -- Now completely revised (over 90% new), this is the authoritative diagnostic manual grounded in psychodynamic clinical models and theories. Explicitly oriented toward case formulation and treatment planning, PDM-2 offers practitioners an empirically based, clinically useful alternative or supplement to DSM and ICD categorical diagnoses.  A clinically useful classification of mental disorders must begin with a concept of healthy psychology. Mental health is more than simply the absence of symptoms. Just as healthy cardiac functioning cannot be defined as an absence of chest pain, healthy mental functioning is more than the absence of observable symptoms of psychopathology. p.3 Three major axes: Personality Organization, Mental Functioning, and Symptom Patterns Personality Organization P Axis What level of personality organization does the person have?   4 major categories -- psychotic, borderline, neurotic, and healthy.   What style personality or pattern does one have -- e.g. depressive, hypomanic, masochistic, dependent, anxious-avoidant (aka phobic), obsessive-compulsive, schizoid, somatizing, hysteric/histrionic, narcissistic, paranoid, psychopathic, sadistic, and borderline.  You've got one of these styles.   Mental Functioning -- overall description of mental functioning -- the capacities involved in psychological health or pathology -- looking at the inner mental life of the person Symptom Patterns -- S axis -- looks at emotional states, cognitive processes, bodily experiences, and relational patterns -- looks at the person's personal experience of his or her difficulties Psychodiagnostic Chart-2 by Robert Gordon and Robert Bornstein -- downloadable Use   Breaking it down Personality Organization P Axis -- What level of personality organization does the person have.  4 major categories -- psychotic, borderline, neurotic, and healthy.  What style personality or pattern does one have -- e.g. depressive, hypomanic, masochistic, dependent, anxious-avoidant (aka phobic), obsessive-compulsive, schizoid, somatizing, hysteric/histrionic, narcissistic, paranoid, psychopathic, sadistic, and borderline.  You've got one of these styles.   To be able to understand oneself in complex, stable, and accurate ways To maintain intimate, stable, and satisfying relationships To use more healthy defenses and copings strategies -- anticipation, self-assertion, sublimation, suppression, altruism and humor To appreciate, if not necessarily conform to, conventional notions of what is realistic Life problems rarely get out of hand There is enough flexibility to accommodate to challenging realities Mental Functioning M axis  Cognitive processes capacity to regulate thinking, attention, learning  Capacity to communicate one's thoughts to others   Emotional processes to be able to experience a full range of emotions  To regulate emotions well  To understand one's own emotions  To be able to communicate one's emotions   Identity -- deals with the question, who am I? Capacity for differentiation -- a solid sense of being psychological separate from others -- not fused, or enmeshed or co-dependent  Regulation of self-esteem  Awareness of internal experience   Relationships Capacity for relationships  Capacity for intimacy   Defenses and coping Impulse control -- regulation of impulses   Defensive functioning -- able to use effective coping strategies e.g. extreme denial  vs. humor   Adaptation -- this is a state, reflecting how an individual deals with specific stressors going on in life right now  Resilience -- this is a trait -- general ability  Check out episodes 20, 21, 22, and 23 of this podcast for a four part series on resilience American Psychological Association defines resilience as “the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress— such as family and relationship problems, serious health problems or workplace and financial stressors. It means "bouncing back" from difficult experiences.”  So resilience is a trait.  Strength   Self-awareness Self-observing capacities -- psychological mindfulness  Self-direction   Capacity to construct and use internal standards and ideal A sense of meaning and purpose in life   Symptom patterns -- S Axis the severity of psychological symptoms   Polyvagal theory -- we spent the last episode, episode 89 titled "Your Body, Your Trauma: Protection vs. Connection discussing Stephen Porges' Polyvagal Theory.   Deb Dana: Polyvagal Exercises for Safety and Connection The ventral vagal system truly powers the journey to well-being Now remember, the ventral vagal system corresponds to  the ventral branch of the vagal nerve-- and the ventral vagal system serves the social engagement system -- remember -- that's the relational connection system. The ventral vagal nerve dampens the body's regularly active state. The ventral vagal nerve allows activation of the autonomic nervous system in a nuanced way, thus offering a different quality than sympathetic activation -- that's how you can being excited and celebrate your favorite sports team score again against their rivals without becoming overwhelmed by a fight or flight response.  What is it like to be in a ventral vagal state?  It's a positive state -- it's not just the absence of being in sympathetic hyperarousal when you are in fight or flight.  It's also not just the absence of being in a dorsal vagal hypoarousal shutdown or freeze state.  It's more than just those two systems being downregulated.  It's the ventral vagal system being activated.  It's an active state with these properties  Physical responses Reduced heart rate  Steady breathing  Relaxed digestion  Rest and recuperation  Vitality  Circulation to extremities  Stress reduction   Psychological responses A sense of calm  A sense of safety  Feeling grounded  Joy  Mindfulness  An ability to be very much in the present moment   Relational responses Desire for connection with others.  A genuine interest in others  Openness and receptivity in relationship  Acceptance and embracing of vulnerability   Empathy and compassion for others Oxytocin is released that stimulates social bonding  Ability to related and to connect with others without anxiety   This state changes the way we look and sound to others -- the tone and rhythm of your voice is more inviting   Story -- I'm in a good place, I can be loved and love, I can connect with others, there is good in the world.  Live is so worth living, and I want to share joy and peace and even sorrow and challenges with other people.   So polyvagal theory is going to focus specifically on the regulation of your nervous system in assessing your well-being.  The more you can be in a ventral vagal state, whether you are resting or excited, the better.  So for those therapists who use polyvagal theory, there is a focus on resetting the autonomic nervous system, helping us in a bodily way to get back to a ventral vagal state.  And we contrast that to the sympathetic fight or flight response and the dorsal vagal shutdown response.   Danger activates the sympathetic system, we are all about survival now  Physical responses Body is mobilized for action.  Ready to run / Efforts to escape  Hypervigilance -- body goes on high alert, pupils dilating, letting more light  Very high levels of energy in this state, adrenaline rush  Muscles get tense  Blood pressure rises  Heart rate accelerates  Adrenaline releases  Extra oxygen is circulated to vital organs  Digestion decreases  Immune response is suppressed   Psychological responses  Emotional Overwhelm usually worry moving to anxiety to fear to panic  Or frustration to irritation to anger to rage confrontational, aggressive   Scanning for threats  Capacity for complex, flexible reasoning is very much reduced -- leads to confusion  No sense of safety, you start missing signs of safety and misreading signs of safety   Relational responses Sense of separation, isolation from others-- cut off from others, no sense of relational connection anymore -- the connection is sacrificed in order to seek greater protection  Disconnection from self, others, world, disconnected spiritually.-- you can't see others, really, except through the lens of danger and safety   If we don't feel safe, there's no way we can provide a sense of safety to others.   Story: The world is unsafe and people are dangerous, unfriendly, scary, falling apart   When the mobilization doesn't bring a resolution to the distress -- then the ANS takes the final step, and shoots the last arrow it has in its quiver.  This is the freeze response. When there is a deep sense that my life is threatened and the sympathetic activation doesn't resolve the perceived threat, then the dorsal vagal system kicks in.  That's the freeze response, that's the collapse into "dorsal vagal lifelessness"  Physical response Heart rate decreases, slows way down  Blood pressure drops  Body temperature decreases  Muscle tone relaxes  Breathing becomes shallow  Immune response drops  Pain threshold increases -- greater pain tolerance because of endorphin release that numbs pain.   Immobilization response -- appearing physically dead  Digestion and metabolism slows way down -- going into conservation mode, like hibernating until the life threat passes.   Psychological response Sense of helplessness  Depression, despondency, lethargy  Numbing out  Disconnection  Thinking become very foggy, fuzzy, unclear  Dissociation, Spacing out, feeling disconnect from the present, untethered, floating, derealization   Feeling trapped Preparing for death Feeling hopeless Shutting down and feeling psychologically inert, paralyzed Feeling a deep sense of shame Relational response Very isolated  Can't listen to others, don't notice them very well, because of how shut down and self-absorbed you are in this state  Can't share very well, difficulty with words  Very little agency  Can't focus   Story:  A story of despair.  I am unlovable, invisible, lost, alone, in desperate straits, about to die.   So polyvagal theory is going to focus specifically on the regulation of your nervous system in assessing your well-being.   According to polyvagal theory if we are in sympathetic arousal, the fight or flight mode, we are focused on the perceived dangers around us and we focus on self-protection.  This leads us to sacrifice connection with others.   If we are in the dorsal vagal shutdown, the freeze response, we hiding from the prospect of imminent death, shutting down into a conservation mode, hoping to survive the perceived imminent lethal danger by becoming immobile.   So for those therapists informed by polyvagal theory, there is a focus on resetting the autonomic nervous system, helping us in a bodily way to get back to a ventral vagal state, to leave the dorsal vagal shutdown state, to leave the sympathetic fight-or-flight state and get back to a peaceful bodily state.  These therapists start with the body, not so much the mind.   Internal Family Systems or IFS-- developed by Richard Schwartz, described in the first edition of Internal Family System Therapy which was published in 1995  IFS brings systems thinking inside -- it conceptualized the human person as a living system.  Richard Schwartz is a family therapist who was trained in family systems work.  He recognized that the inner life of a person mirrored family life, from a systems perspective.  But before we go much further, let's ask the question -- What is a system:  Definition from Ben Lutkevich at techtarget.com Systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems. The systems thinking approach contrasts with traditional analysis, which studies systems by breaking them down into their separate elements.  Wellbeing according to IFS is when inner system of the person shows certain qualities Balance  -- the degree of influence that each member has in the system on decisions making is appropriate and that the boundaries are balanced and appropriate within the system.   Harmony -- an effort is made to find the role each member desires and and for which he is best suited.  Members of the system work together, cooperatively.  The harmony of the system allows each member to find and pursue his own vision while fitting that member's vision into the broader vision of the system as a whole.  There is cooperation and collaboration among the members of the system.   Leadership --One or more members of the system must have the ability and respect to do the following: Mediate polarizations  Facilitate the flow of information withing the system  Ensure that all members of the system are protected and cared for and that they feel valued and encouraged to pursue their individual vision within the limits of the system's needs  Allocate resources, responsibilities, and influence fairly  Provide a broad perspective and vision for the system as a whole  Represent the system in interaction with other systems  And interpret feedback from other systems honestly   Development -- the members of the system and the system itself can grow -- developing the skills and relationships needed to carry out the vision of the system.   IFS model of the person Person is composed of a body, plus his parts, plus his self -- that's the internal system of a person -- body, parts, and self  This will be a review for many of you who listen to the podcast   Self:  The core of the person, the center of the person.  This is who we sense ourselves to be in our best moments, and when our self is free, and unblended with any of our parts, it governs our whole being as an active, compassionate leader, with a deep sense of recollection on the natural level.  You can also experience being in self as an expansive state of mind   We want to be recollected, we want the self governing all of our parts Like the conductor -- leading the musicians in an orchestra Like the captain -- leading and governing all the sailors on a ship.   When we are recollected, in self, 8 C's -- this is the ideal state Calm  -agitation, frustration, anxious, stressed, angry   Curiosity -- indifferent, disinterested, seeing other parts and seeing other people in two dimensions, one dimension, or no dimensions -- Episode 72 -Y- nuanced vs. reductionistic understandings of ourselves and others.   Compassion -- cold, uncaring, unfriendly, hard, reserved, unsympathetic Confidence -- timid, pessimistic, doubtful and insecure Courage -- fearful, shy, faint-hearted, irresolute Clarity -- confused, muddled inside, things are obscured, dark inside, foggy, sees vague forms moving in a shadow world.   Connectedness  -- internal fragmentation, disjointed, distant, aloof Creativity  -- uninspired, inept, very conventional, repetitive futility, doing the same thing over and over again, with no different results Parts:  Separate, independently operating personalities within us, each with own unique prominent needs, roles in our lives, emotions, body sensations, guiding beliefs and assumptions, typical thoughts, intentions, desires, attitudes, impulses, interpersonal style, and world view.  Each part also has an image of God and also its own approach to sexuality.  Robert Falconer calls them insiders.   IFS has two states Unblended -- this is when one is in a state of self  Unburdened -- this is when our parts are freed from their burndens.   Interpersonal Neurobiology -- pioneered by Daniel Siegel  Definition -- Interpersonal Neurobiology is not a separate discipline -- it's not something that would have its own academic department within a university, for example.  Rather, it is an interdisciplinary framework -- and that means that Interpersonal Neurobiology or IPNB for short, draws from many different disciplines -- many different approaches that have their own individual and unique rigorous approaches to studying phenomena relevant to well-being.   I'm very into IPNB -- taking a Master Class with Daniel Siegel right now.   We're going to get into Interpersonal Neurobiology and it's views on mental health and well being in Episode 92 of this podcast Closing Weekly emails  Special bonus podcast will be coming to you on Friday, March 25, 2022 -- the feast of the Annunciation, with an exciting announcement, this is just an extra podcast about a major effort that we are involved in at Souls and Hearts.  Dr. Gerry Crete will be joining me to discuss this with you.  So tune in then for all the new happenings at Souls and Hearts  Catholic Therapists and Grad Students --  I will be doing a free Zoom webinar at from 7:30 PM to 8:45 PM Eastern time on Saturday March 26, 2022 on Internal Family Systems and loving your neighbor  -- it's all about how understanding myself and others from an IFS perspective can help us love each other  -- any Catholic therapist or grad student in a mental health field is free to attend.  Email Patty Ellenberger, our office manager at admin@soulsandhearts.com for a registration link.   Dr. Gerry's Catholic Journeymen Community has relaunched within Souls and Hearts.  Men -- you are welcome to join a group of faithful Catholic men seeking restoration, wholeness, and integrity in areas of sexuality and relationship with God, self, and others. Catholic Journeymen is a safe space for men to share burdens, receive support, and be nourished by a distinctive program combining behavioral health science and Catholic spirituality. Check that out at soulsandhearts.com/catholic-journeymen.   Conversation Hours You are a listener to this podcast, and in that sense, you are with me.  I am also with you!  Remember, can call me on my cell any Tuesday or Thursday from 4:30 PM to 5:30 PM Eastern Time for our regular conversation hours.  I've set that time aside for you.  317.567.9594.  (repeat) or email me at crisis@soulsandhearts.com.  Waiting list is open for The Resilient Catholics Community at Soulsandhearts.com/rcc for our June 2022  So much information there and videos.  Patron and Patroness      

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