Podcasts about Plutarch

You don't need a tyrant to kill a republic. You just need permission.133 BC. The Capitol. Broken benches, snapped legs, senators pouring out of a meeting to attack an election already underway. For more than three and a half centuries — since the tribune of the plebs was created around 494 BC — no sitting tribune had been touched by his own government, let alone killed. Tribunes were sacrosanct, physically untouchable under Roman law. If you laid a hand on one, any Roman citizen could legally kill you for it. That protection was written into the Constitution specifically to shield ordinary Romans from the Senate.On the day Tiberius Gracchus stood for reelection, that protection dissolved in about ten minutes. Scipio Nasica — Rome's Pontifex Maximus, its own chief priest — led a group of senators out of the meeting where they'd just failed to persuade the consul to act. They snapped the legs off their own benches. They walked to where the assembly was gathering. They beat Tiberius Gracchus and about 300 of his supporters to death, and threw his body into the Tiber like a criminal.The moment the first bench leg came down on his skull, the Roman Republic entered a phase it would never leave. Every Roman strongman who came after — Marius, Sulla, Caesar — could look back at this one afternoon and say the same thing: it's already been done.But here's what most treatments miss: Tiberius Gracchus was RIGHT about the problem. The land crisis was real. The recruiting collapse was real. The illegally-held ager publicus was real. What killed the Republic wasn't the reform itself. It was the specific way he pushed it through, and the specific way the Senate chose to answer.This is Episode 3 of the "Fall of the Roman Republic" series and the first specific case episode after Ep 113 (the system explained) and Ep 115 (the 100-year framework primer). Every subsequent episode traces one more layer breaking off the same structure that cracks right here in 133 BC.CHAPTERS:00:00 The Day the Roman Senate Killed One of Its Own04:25 The First Stone Falls Out of the Arch05:36 Who Tiberius Gracchus Actually Was (Cornelia's Son, Scipio's Grandson)07:00 The Empty Countryside That Radicalized Him09:22 The Land Reform That Wasn't Even Radical12:03 The Octavius Veto: The Senate Breaks the First Norm14:32 Deposing Octavius: Tiberius Answers by Breaking Another15:46 The Re-election Bid That Sealed His Fate16:33 Scipio Nasica Leads the Killing on the Capitol17:45 Why Every Roman Warlord After This Cites 133 BC19:05 Money, Borders, Power: The Framework Applied22:34 Next: Gaius Gracchus and the EscalationSources & further reading:Plutarch, Life of Tiberius Gracchus — the specific killing details (bench legs, 300 supporters, body in Tiber), Octavius as a large ager publicus holderAppian, The Civil Wars, Book 1 — the "first internal Roman quarrel settled by murder inside the city" framingMary Beard, SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome — the argument that Tiberius's actual program was conservative, and the ferocity of reaction was what was radicalDavid Stockton, The Gracchi — the specialist monograph on the brothersErich Gruen, The Last Generation of the Roman Republic — the definitive scholarly account of the Republic's declineAndrew Lintott, Violence in Republican Rome — for the specific pattern of political violence becoming normalTom Holland, Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic — accessible narrative of the fallLivy, Periochae — the surviving summary for this period

Pir Zia on the secret history of the world From a nondual perspective, aren't the world's great spiritual traditions expressions of a single living wisdom? In this intimate conversation, Pir Zia Inayat Khan explores the inspiration behind Tears from the Mother of the Sun, a sweeping mythic chronicle of sages, exiles, and revelations spanning continents and planes of existence. Drawing on sacred stories from Persia, India, Egypt and beyond, the book weaves the world's legends into a vision of humanity's shared spiritual inheritance. Together we discover the place of myth in a modern world, the imagination as a path of knowing, and the role of our deepest stories in restoring a sense of belonging to one another, to the Earth, and to the mystery that animates us all. Topics 00:00 Welcome 00:03 Growing up in a universalist lineage 00:06 Ferdowsi, Soroush, and the frame of the book 00:11 Why the world's traditions belong to one story 00:14 History as a living stream: the three worlds 00:16 The Mongols, violence, and unification 00:19 "I was a hidden treasure": the beginning of history 00:22 Syzygy, and the question of AI 00:29 Honoring the Earth inside our devices 00:34 Isis, Osiris, and the birth of music at Gaza 00:43 Grief, contraction, and the opening of the heart 00:49 Rabia, Noor Inayat Khan, and the green shoots Pir Zia Inayat Khan Pir Zia Inayat Khan, PhD, is a scholar of religion and teacher of Sufism in the universalist Sufi lineage of his grandfather, Hazrat Inayat Khan. He is president of the Inayatiyya and founder of Sulūk Academy, a school of Sufi contemplative study and practice. He divides his time between Richmond, Virginia and Suresnes, France. pirzia.org Inayatiyya Sulūk Academy The book Tears from the Mother of the Sun: A Secret History of the World, Inner Traditions, 2026, with full-color paintings by Amruta Patil Amruta Patil, writer, painter, and India's first female graphic novelist, author of Kari, Adi Parva, Sauptik, and Aranyaka Also by Pir Zia Immortality: A Traveler's Guide Mingled Waters: Sufism and the Mystical Unity of Religions Saracen Chivalry: Counsels on Valor, Generosity and the Mystical Quest Dream Flowers: The Collected Works of Noor Inayat Khan Caravan of Souls: An Introduction to the Sufi Path of Hazrat Inayat Khan (editor) Figures and ideas in the conversation Lineage Hazrat Inayat Khan (1882–1927), who brought universal Sufism to the West Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan, who convened interspiritual dialogues and conversations with modern science, including with David Bohm Noor Inayat Khan, storyteller, author of children's tales and retellings of the Jātaka tales, and SOE wireless operator in occupied France. Killed at Dachau in 1944. Her last word was liberté. Persia and the frame of the book Ferdowsi, author of the Shahnameh, who died in Tus believing his life's work had come to nothing Soroush, the tutelary daimon who narrates the book The Ishraqi or Illuminationist tradition Sufi teaching The Hadith Qudsi: I was a hidden treasure and I longed to be known, so I created the world that I might be known Rabia al-Adawiyya, who carried a torch to burn down paradise and water to quench the fires of hell, so that God would be loved for God's own sake Najm al-Din Kubra, killed on the battlefield during the Mongol invasion Qabz and bast, contraction and expansion Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim, and rahma as the action of the womb History, empire, and emanation Genghis Khan and the Palace of Myriad Peace at Karakorum Akbar and the interreligious debates at Fatehpur Sikri, under the policy of sulh-i-kul, peace with all Tahqiq, experiential knowing, as against taqlid, following what one has heard Avicenna and the three contemplations of emanation Syzygy, the alignment of beings into a molecule of spiritual work Isis and the birth of music The story of Isis and Osiris as told by Plutarch, in which Isis buries Osiris at Gaza and blesses a boy named Palestinos, who becomes the first musician Sirius, whose rising signals the Nile flood, understood as the tears of Isis Also mentioned Descending into Light: A Pilgrimage to the Center of the Earth, a seven-week series with Pir Zia and Yuz Ata, October 11 to November 22, 2026 Rumi & The Fire of Radical Love: A Path Through Global Rupture, a four-part SAND course with Omid Safi. Sessions on August 30 and September 6 still to come. The Eternal Song, SAND's collection of twelve films Support this gathering

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous people, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. The surviving lives contain twenty-three pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman, as well as four unpaired, single lives.Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character, good or bad, on the lives and destinies of famous men. The first pair of lives the Epaminondas-Scipio Africanus no longer exists, and many of the remaining lives are truncated, contain obvious lacunae and/or have been tampered with by later writers.His Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving secondary or tertiary sources about Alexander the Great and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source. Likewise, his portrait of Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, also contains unique information about the early Roman calendar.In this copyright expired 11-volume translation from the Loeb Classical library, the order of the paired lives is rearranged to present the Greek lives in chronological order. Vol. 2 presents the paired lives of Themistocles and Camillus, Aristides and Cato Major, and Cimon and Lucullus. (Adapted from Wikipedia.)Translated by Bernadotte Perrin.This is a collaborative reading.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

James Romm — Multi-Part, Part Two: Professor James Romm details the violent collapse of the Dionysian dynasty and its influence on Plato's writing. Following a falling out and exile, Dion launched an invasion to liberate Syracuse. However, his rule descended into factionalism, culminating in the assassination of his rival Heraclides and Dion's own eventual murder by his soldiers. The chaos ended when Timoleon of Corinth forced Dionysius the Younger to abdicate; the former tyrant famously spent his final years in Corinth as a humble music teacher. Romm explains that these political failures directly informed the Republic, specifically the allegory of the cave and the concept of the philosopher king. While Plato's letters and Plutarch's accounts attempted to whitewash Dion as a virtuous leader, Romm suggests Plato was often politically naive regarding the brutal realities of Syracusan power. (2)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work Can Virtue Be Taught? In this work, Plutarch considers the arguments of those who claim that virtue, including justice and prudence, cannot be taught, and shows weaknesses to those arguments. Among the arguments that he makes in favor of virtue being able to be taught is his contention that if the other other, lesser skills should be able to be taught, the skill that rightly uses and orders all those others ought to be able to be taught You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's Can Virtue Be Taught here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Virtue and Vice This episode focuses on his discussion why living pleasantly and happily requires a person to develop some level of moral virtue and to free themselves of their vices. This has to do in significant part with the fact that even the things that vicious people value and think will bring them happiness, for example wealth, property, power over other people, or positions, aren't really as pleasant as one thinks without virtue to manage them well. One reason for this is the poorly managed emotions that vice encompasses and perpetuates You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Virtue and Vice here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

250 years ago when the United States declared independence, Edward Gibbon across the ocean published the first volume of his magisterial series, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Immediately his text caused a storm of controversy. Many readers thought that Gibbon had implied that the rise of Christianity caused the fall of the western empire. But is that the real story? To answer that question, in Episode 1 of Season 6, I have as our guest Hugh Liebert. A Professor of Political Science at West Point, he earned his doctorate through the Committee on Social Thought at UChicago, and has written two books: Plutarch's Politics (2016), and Gibbon's Christianity (2022). Drawing on Gibbon's Christianity, we look at the historian's paradoxical views on religion, his early conversions to both Catholicism and Protestantism, and how he used those experiences to chronicle the early church as a disciplined new republic that overcame decadent Roman polytheism much as how the Roman Republic conquered aged empires. Along the way, we discuss Gibbon's ironic and elusive style, his larger essays and memoirs, and the love of literary glory that pervades his fascinating life and complex work. Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biography

250 years ago when the United States declared independence, Edward Gibbon across the ocean published the first volume of his magisterial series, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Immediately his text caused a storm of controversy. Many readers thought that Gibbon had implied that the rise of Christianity caused the fall of the western empire. But is that the real story? To answer that question, in Episode 1 of Season 6, I have as our guest Hugh Liebert. A Professor of Political Science at West Point, he earned his doctorate through the Committee on Social Thought at UChicago, and has written two books: Plutarch's Politics (2016), and Gibbon's Christianity (2022). Drawing on Gibbon's Christianity, we look at the historian's paradoxical views on religion, his early conversions to both Catholicism and Protestantism, and how he used those experiences to chronicle the early church as a disciplined new republic that overcame decadent Roman polytheism much as how the Roman Republic conquered aged empires. Along the way, we discuss Gibbon's ironic and elusive style, his larger essays and memoirs, and the love of literary glory that pervades his fascinating life and complex work. Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

250 years ago when the United States declared independence, Edward Gibbon across the ocean published the first volume of his magisterial series, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Immediately his text caused a storm of controversy. Many readers thought that Gibbon had implied that the rise of Christianity caused the fall of the western empire. But is that the real story? To answer that question, in Episode 1 of Season 6, I have as our guest Hugh Liebert. A Professor of Political Science at West Point, he earned his doctorate through the Committee on Social Thought at UChicago, and has written two books: Plutarch's Politics (2016), and Gibbon's Christianity (2022). Drawing on Gibbon's Christianity, we look at the historian's paradoxical views on religion, his early conversions to both Catholicism and Protestantism, and how he used those experiences to chronicle the early church as a disciplined new republic that overcame decadent Roman polytheism much as how the Roman Republic conquered aged empires. Along the way, we discuss Gibbon's ironic and elusive style, his larger essays and memoirs, and the love of literary glory that pervades his fascinating life and complex work. Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

250 years ago when the United States declared independence, Edward Gibbon across the ocean published the first volume of his magisterial series, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Immediately his text caused a storm of controversy. Many readers thought that Gibbon had implied that the rise of Christianity caused the fall of the western empire. But is that the real story? To answer that question, in Episode 1 of Season 6, I have as our guest Hugh Liebert. A Professor of Political Science at West Point, he earned his doctorate through the Committee on Social Thought at UChicago, and has written two books: Plutarch's Politics (2016), and Gibbon's Christianity (2022). Drawing on Gibbon's Christianity, we look at the historian's paradoxical views on religion, his early conversions to both Catholicism and Protestantism, and how he used those experiences to chronicle the early church as a disciplined new republic that overcame decadent Roman polytheism much as how the Roman Republic conquered aged empires. Along the way, we discuss Gibbon's ironic and elusive style, his larger essays and memoirs, and the love of literary glory that pervades his fascinating life and complex work. Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

​ @LanternJack  joins us in the studio today to talk about the theory of whether Odysseus reached America before Christopher Columbus and other interesting topics... WELCOME TO CAMP!

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion at the end of the work that sets out how the rational part of the soul ought to use the emotions from the irrational part of the soul, rather than simply suppress or eliminate them. Plutarch names a number of specific emotions that can serve various virtues. What the reasonable part should do is to introduce order and proportion to the emotions, and that is what properly established laws have the potential to do as well. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion near the end of the work of how the rational and irrational parts of the soul ought to be ordered and related to each other. Plutarch thinks the rational (and divine) part ought to be determining matters overall, and that the irrational (and bodily-affected) part ought to listen to and obey the rational part. This condition takes place through habituation, tending to (therapeia), and education of the irrational part by the rational part. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his criticisms of the Stoic understanding of what the emotions are, how they work, how they arise, and how they influence us human beings in our choices and actions You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPrimary SourcesPrimary SourcesAeschylus. Eumenides.Cicero. On Divination.Herodotus. The Histories.Homeric Hymn to Apollo.Pausanias. Description of Greece. Book 10.Pindar. Pythian Odes.Plutarch. Life of Lycurgus.Plutarch. “On the E at Delphi.” In Moralia.Plutarch. “The Obsolescence of Oracles.” In Moralia.Plutarch. “The Oracles at Delphi No Longer Given in Verse.” In Moralia.Strabo. Geography.Official and Reference SourcesArchaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “Excavations.”Archaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “History of Delphi.”Archaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “Mythological Versions of the Foundation of the Oracle.”Archaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Sphinx of the Naxians.”Archaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Temple of Apollo.”Archaeological Site of Delphi, Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Treasury of the Siphnians.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Delphi.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Delphic Oracle.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Hieromnemon.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Python.”Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Pythian Games.”UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Archaeological Site of Delphi.”Modern ScholarshipChappell, Mike. “Delphi and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo.” The Classical Quarterly 56, no. 2 (2006).de Boer, Jelle Z., John R. Hale, and Henry A. Spiller. “The Delphic Oracle: A Multidisciplinary Defense of the Gaseous Vent Theory.” Clinical Toxicology 40, no. 2 (2002).Etiope, Giuseppe, et al. “The Geological Links of the Ancient Delphic Oracle.”Fontenrose, Joseph. The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations, with a Catalogue of Responses. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.Forrest, W. G. “The First Sacred War.” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 80 (1956).Fragkaki, Maria. “The Great Rhetra.” Rosetta 17 (2015).McInerney, Jeremy. “Parnassus, Delphi, and the Thyiades.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 38, no. 3 (1997).Piccardi, Luigi. “Active Faulting at Delphi, Greece: Seismotectonic Remarks and a Hypothesis for the Geological Environment of a Myth.” Geology 28, no. 7 (2000).Scott, Michael. Delphi: A History of the Center of the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.Strolonga, Polyxeni. “The Foundation of the Oracle at Delphi in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011).Music, Inscriptions, and ArchaeologyArchaeological Museum of Delphi. Museum collections and interpretive materials.The Delphic Hymns to Apollo.École française d'Athènes. Fouilles de Delphes.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on how conflicts can arise within the intellectual or reasoning part of the human soul, between different lines of reasoning (logoi) arriving at different judgements about the matters in question. At times, one line of reasoning can be given additional force because of the emotions in the irrational part of the soul. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of the Stoic doctrine of the "good emotional states" (eupatheiai), which are rational desire (boulēsis), caution (eulabeia), and joy (kharis). Some of the points Plutarch makes seem a bit off-target in this section, as far as the Stoic doctrine goes, but we do learn something about Plutarch's own views on the matter. He also provides us with some interesting information about Chyrsippus' views on two of the virtues Stoics consider subordinate, namely endurance (karteria) and self-control (enkrateia). You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his critical examination of what the Stoics call the hegemonikon, translated as "the ruling part" of the human soul. As opposed to a Platonist or Aristotelean moral psychology, in which there is a higher rational part of the human soul, and a lower irrational part of the soul, the Stoics claim that reasoning, impulses, and emotions all take place in the same part of the soul. Plutarch provides several arguments for why that doctrine involves significant problems. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on the distinction he draws between the vice of intemperance (akolasia) and the other bad, but not vicious moral state of lack of self-control (akrasia). Similarly to his treatment of the virtue of temperance and the state of self control, he notes that the two main parts of the human soul involved are disposed differently. In both states, the lower, irrational part of the soul is in bad shape, but in lack of self-control, the higher, rational part is still functioning properly, simply overwhelmed by the passions or desires. In the vice of intemperance, the rational part itself has become corrupted, and not only agrees with the passion, but encourages it. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on the distinction he draws between temperance (sophrosunē), which is a virtue, and self-control (enkrateia), which is not a virtue but is a good state. Both of them involve two parts of the human soul, the rational and irrational part. In both of them, the rational part is in good condition and functioning well, but they differ in how the irrational, emotional, desirous part happens to be. In temperance, the irrational part obeys reason because it is in good condition, while in self-control, the irrational part has to be compelled to obey reason because it is not in good condition yet. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of two distinct uses of the faculty of reason human beings have. One use focuses on things that are by necessity and remain the same, that exist absolutely, and this is scientific or theoretical reason. The other use focuses on things that are relative to us, which include moral qualities such as the good and the bad, the choiceworthy and the worthy of avoidance, or the pleasant and the painful, and this is practical and deliberative reason. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsFull Episode BibliographyPrimary SourcesAeschylus. Eumenides. Used for the ancient tradition of succession at Delphi and the mythic movement from older powers to Apollo.Cicero. On Divination. Used for ancient discussion of divination and the tradition of Delphic inspiration connected with breath or exhalation.Herodotus. The Histories. Used for Croesus, the danger of ambiguous prophecy, the Athenian “wooden wall” oracle, Themistocles' interpretation, and Delphi's role in war and public decision-making.Homeric Hymn to Apollo. Used for Apollo's Delphic foundation myth, the serpent, the movement from sacred landscape to Apollonian institution, and the Cretan priests connected with Apollo's dolphin form.Pausanias. Description of Greece, Book 10. Used for later ancient traditions concerning Delphi, foundation myths, Gaia, Themis, Python, Apollo, sacred monuments, and the Delphic landscape.Pindar. Pythian Odes. Used for the Pythian Games, victory poetry, Apollo, prestige, and the transformation of athletic victory into sacred memory.Plutarch. Life of Lycurgus. Used for Lycurgus, the Great Rhetra, and the tradition of Spartan law receiving Delphic sanction.Plutarch. Moralia: “On the E at Delphi.” Used for the mysterious letter E at Apollo's temple and ancient philosophical interpretations of its meaning.Plutarch. Moralia: “The Oracles at Delphi No Longer Given in Verse.” Used for Delphic verse, the change in oracular style, and ancient reflection on why the Pythia no longer gave responses in meter.Plutarch. Moralia: “The Obsolescence of Oracles.” Used for Delphi in the Roman period, the decline of oracular centers, Plutarch's reflections on divine inspiration, and the tradition that Delphi once had multiple priestesses.Strabo. Geography. Used for ancient geographical description of Delphi and the tradition of the oracle's inspiration being connected with a breath or vapor rising from below.Official and Reference SourcesArchaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “History of Delphi.” Used for Delphi's geography, Mycenaean background, Apollo's cult, Python, Cretan priests, the Amphictyony, sacred administration, Sacred Wars, Roman history, decline, and excavation.Archaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “Mythological Versions of the Foundation of the Oracle.” Used for Gaia, Themis, Phoebe, Apollo, Python, Poseidon, the tripod, Athena Pronaia, the Thriae, and the dolphin/Cretan priest tradition.Archaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Temple of Apollo.” Used for the sacred center of the sanctuary, the adyton, the temple's rebuilding history, and the architectural setting of the oracle.Archaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Sphinx of the Naxians.” Used for the Naxian dedication, apotropaic symbolism, civic prestige, and the monument's role in the Sacred Way.Archaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “The Treasury of the Siphnians.” Used for the Siphnian Treasury, its sculptural program, caryatids, wealth, painted decoration, and sacred display.Archaeological Site of Delphi / Hellenic Ministry of Culture. “Excavations.” Used for the Great Excavation, the village of Kastri, French archaeological work, and the modern recovery of Delphi.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Delphic Oracle.” Used for the Pythia, Apollo's oracle, Delphi's high prestige, and the use of Apollo's sanction by lawmakers, colonists, and political leaders.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Delphi.” Used for the general history and significance of Delphi as a sanctuary, oracle, and pan-Hellenic religious center.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Python.” Used for Python as the serpent or dragon killed by Apollo at Delphi.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Pythian Games.” Used for the games at Delphi, their musical and athletic character, their relationship to Apollo, and the laurel wreath.Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Hieromnemon.” Used for the Amphictyony, pylagorai, hieromnemones, treasury supervision, and administration of sacred affairs.UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Archaeological Site of Delphi.” Used for Delphi's world heritage description, pan-Hellenic importance, sacred landscape, and historical significance.Modern ScholarshipChappell, Mike. “Delphi and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo.” The Classical Quarterly 56, no. 2, 2006. Used for the Homeric Hymn's Delphic foundation narrative and Apollo's Pythian identity.Fontenrose, Joseph. The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations with a Catalogue of Responses. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Used as a major scholarly backbone for Delphic responses, authenticity problems, categories of consultation, and the operation of the oracle.Forrest, W. G. “The First Sacred War.” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 80, 1956. Used for the First Sacred War, Krisa/Crisa, sacred access, and the political framing of Delphi's early pan-Hellenic importance.Fragkaki, Maria. “The Great Rhetra.” Rosetta 17, 2015. Used for the Great Rhetra as a Delphic oracle and the divine validation of Spartan political order.McInerney, Jeremy. “Parnassus, Delphi, and the Thyiades.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 38, no. 3, 1997. Used for Dionysus, the Thyiades, Parnassus, mountain ecstasy, and the fact that Delphi's sacred landscape was not purely Apollonian.Piccardi, Luigi. “Active Faulting at Delphi, Greece: Seismotectonic Remarks and a Hypothesis for the Geological Environment of a Myth.” Geology 28, no. 7, 2000. Used for Delphi's faulted landscape and the modern geological debate around the oracle.de Boer, Jelle Z., John R. Hale, and Henry A. Spiller. “The Delphic Oracle: A Multidisciplinary Defense of the Gaseous Vent Theory.” Clinical Toxicology 40, no. 2, 2002. Used for the modern argument that gases, possibly including ethylene, may have contributed to the Pythia's altered state.Etiope, Giuseppe, et al. “The Geological Links of the Ancient Delphic Oracle.” Used for critique and reassessment of the geological and gaseous explanations of Delphic inspiration.Scott, Michael. Delphi: A History of the Center of the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. Used for the broader historical arc of Delphi as sacred center, political institution, cultural symbol, and archaeological site.Strolonga, Polyxeni. “The Foundation of the Oracle at Delphi in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51, 2011. Used for Apollo's foundation myth and the literary shaping of Delphi's origin story.Music, Inscriptions, and ArchaeologyFouilles de Delphes. École française d'Athènes. Used for the archaeological publication tradition connected with Delphi's excavation, architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, and sanctuary remains.The Delphic Hymns to Apollo. Used for Apollo's musical cult, sacred song, and the role of hymn, inscription, and performance at Delphi.Archaeological Museum of Delphi materials. Used for the Charioteer, Antinous, Kleobis and Biton, the Sphinx of the Naxians, the Siphnian Treasury, and other major finds from the sanctuary.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion about how virtue is a mean, which bears some similarities with the Aristotelian position on the matter, but also several significant differences of emphasis You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - https://amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on the section where Plutarch discusses what he takes moral or ethical virtue to actually be. He frames it in terms of a quality of the irrational part of the soul that has been established within it as a habit formed or shaped by the rational part of the soul. For Plutarch, the goal is not to eliminate emotion entirely but to impose right order and measure upon it. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - https://amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

John Batchelor introduces Barry Strauss, author of The War That Made the Roman Empire: Antony, Cleopatra, and Octavian at Actium, to discuss the transition from the death of Julius Caesar to the rise of Augustus. Strauss identifies Plutarch and Cassius Dio as the primary historical sources, noting they had access to earlier, now-lost records. The discussion focuses on three main figures: Mark Antony, Octavian, and Cleopatra. At Caesar's death, Mark Antony was a consul and Caesar's lieutenant, hailing from the high Roman nobility. In contrast, Octavian (later Augustus) came from an equestrian family but gained status as Caesar's great-nephew and adopted heir. While Antony was a seasoned warrior, Octavian focused on political acumen. The Second Triumvirate, consisting of Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus, was formed to punish Caesar's assassins, leading to the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, where Antony emerged as the hero while Octavian struggled. (1)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on how what he calls the irrational part of the soul (which encompasses the spirited part and the appetitive part, and is the part that feels or has passions) ought to be subjected to and persuaded by the rational part of the human soul. When this is the case, then the person has or at least is on the way to moral virtue. There is a puzzle or problem as to how something that is irrational can obey or listen to something that is rational. Plutarch provides a number of arguments and explanations for how this works. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - https://amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion, early on in the work, of the composite nature of the human soul, which includes a rational part and an irrational part, the latter of which is further divided into a spirited (thumoeides) part and an appetitive part (epithumia). This will be relatively familiar to many as the Platonic tripartite conception of the soul, found in Plato's Republic. He also discusses Aristotle's position and that of the Stoics. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - https://amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and biographer Plutarch's short work On Moral Virtue This episode focuses specifically on his discussion of what he takes to be mistaken conceptions of the virtues found in the works of the philosophers Menedemus, Ariston, Zeno, and Chysippus, so that he can contrast his own middle-Platonist perspective against them. There are two main ways he thinks they get matters wrong. The first has to do with the unity and the multiplicity of the virtues. The second has to do with their moral psychology, assuming that there is one ruling part of the soul in which rationality and emotion are both to be found. You can find the copy of the text I am using for this sequence on Plutarch's On Moral Virtue here - https://amzn.to/3gpyrS3 To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 4000 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler (Amazon links are associate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases)

Purpose of Leviticus; Melchizedek's difference; "Call no man father"; Benefactors; Mt 20:25, Mk 10:42, Lk 22:25; Exercising authority; Plutarch; Understanding Christ; "Tithing"; Lady Godiva?; Providing for the needy; Why you owe Caesar; Welfare snares; Scillitan Martyrs; Freeing the people; "Corban"; Gal 5:1; Pure Religion; "Born again?"; Are Christians free?; "ekklesia"; Gathering in Tens, Hundreds and Thousands; Gregory history stories; Lawyers and politicians; Bondage of Egypt; Understanding law; Fulfilling duties; First: Seek the kingdom and His righteousness; Learning from other peoples' mistakes; Communication with Holy Spirit; Clear evidence; Deciding fact and law; Ownership; Transfer of your rights; Delegating your responsibilities; Legal title; Who owns it?; Following Christ; What the bible actually says; Compelled welfare vs charity; Forcing your neighbor; "Hell is a collective"; Learning out of love; "Fear Not"; Jer 13:18; Rom 8:38; Principalities; Eph 3:10; "Powers"; Liberty, right to choose; Endowed rights; Eph 6:12; Encouraging righteousness; Giving consent; "exousia"; Gen 1:26 Dominion; Ps 8:4; "Not to be that way with you"; No respecter of persons; Church funding; Economics; Your salvation; Capitalism; Christian conflict; Genius of government?; Imperium; Repentance; Patriarchy; Allegiance; Roe vs Wade; Civil law; Theology of Christ; Lk 22:29; Outlawing private religion; "Kosmos"; Outlawing legal Christian activity; Government of Christians; "Essenes"; Are you putting the pieces together?; Join the Living Network.

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPrimary Ancient SourcesAmbrose of Milan. De Virginibus / Concerning Virgins.Aristophanes. Lysistrata.Euripides. Iphigenia at Aulis.Euripides. Iphigenia among the Taurians.The Homeric Hymn to Demeter.Jerome. Against Helvidius: On the Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary.The Gospel According to Matthew, chapters 1–2.The Gospel According to Luke, chapters 1–2.Ovid. Fasti.Pausanias. Description of Greece.Philo of Alexandria. On the Contemplative Life.Plutarch. Life of Numa.Protoevangelium of James / Infancy Gospel of James.The Acts of Paul and Thecla.Core Academic SourcesBurkert, Walter. Greek Religion. Translated by John Raffan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.Castelli, Elizabeth A. “Virginity and Its Meaning for Women's Sexuality in Early Christianity.” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 2, no. 1 (1986).Cole, Susan Guettel. Landscapes, Gender, and Ritual Space: The Ancient Greek Experience. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.Foskett, Mary F. A Virgin Conceived: Mary and Classical Representations of Virginity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.Harvey, Susan Ashbrook. Ministries of Song: Women's Voices in Ancient Syriac Christianity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2025.Harvey, Susan Ashbrook. “Revisiting the Daughters of the Covenant: Women's Choirs and Sacred Song in Ancient Syriac Christianity.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 8, no. 2 (2005).Lillis, Julia Kelto. Virgin Territory: Configuring Female Virginity in Early Christianity. Oakland: University of California Press, 2022.Parker, Robert. Miasma: Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.Sissa, Giulia. Greek Virginity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane. Studies in Girls' Transitions: Aspects of the Arkteia and Age Representation in Attic Iconography. Athens: Kardamitsa, 1988.Wildfang, Robin Lorsch. Rome's Vestal Virgins: A Study of Rome's Vestal Priestesses in the Late Republic and Early Empire. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.Greek Women, Ritual, and Sacred MaidensBeard, Mary. “The Sexual Status of Vestal Virgins.” Journal of Roman Studies 70 (1980).Beard, Mary, John North, and Simon Price. Religions of Rome. Vol. 1, A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Connelly, Joan Breton. Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.Dillon, Matthew. Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken Books, 1975.Mary, Virginity, and Christian AsceticismBrown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.Clark, Elizabeth A. Reading Renunciation: Asceticism and Scripture in Early Christianity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.Cooper, Kate. The Virgin and the Bride: Idealized Womanhood in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.Elm, Susanna. Virgins of God: The Making of Asceticism in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Limberis, Vasiliki. Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.Rubin, Miri. Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.Shoemaker, Stephen J. Mary in Early Christian Faith and Devotion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Something is very wrong in the opening scenes of the Odyssey. The master of the house is gone. His wife is besieged. His son is powerless. And the men eating him out of house and home are waiting for the right moment to strike. Welcome to Part 1 (of 6!) of our new series, where we cover Homer's great epic. Part 1 covers Books 1 to 4, the monsters haven't arrived yet — but the groundwork for everything is laid here. What does it take to reestablish order once it has fallen? What kind of man can do it? Follow Telemachus as he learns to speak, to threaten, and to travel among serious men, and meet the figures who shape his fate: Athena, Penelope, Nestor, Menelaus, Helen, and the doomed suitors led by Antinous. As Christopher Nolan's film approaches, it's a perfect time to dust off a copy of Homer's Odyssey, and follow along this epic story in our 6-part retelling.Timestamps:0:00 Why the Odyssey begins with Odysseus's absence1:08 Introducing the show1:25 Book One: Athena visits Ithaca4:05 Telemachus welcomes the stranger7:33 The poem's opening lines and Odysseus's epithets10:06 Odysseus and the wrath of Poseidon11:43 The Council of the Gods13:58 Athena's plan to help Telemachus17:20 Athena's instructions: call an assembly19:08 The story of Orestes and Telemachus's zeal22:08 Penelope's first appearance27:00 Telemachus finds his courage29:25 Book Two: The Assembly begins31:56 Antinous defends the suitors35:59 The omen of the eagles37:55 Telemachus's plan revealed40:16 Athena returns as Mentor45:15 Telemachus sets sail for Pylos46:48 Book Three: Arrival at Pylos52:41 The story of Agamemnon and Aegisthus1:02:17 Book Four: Arrival in Sparta1:05:28 Helen's grand entrance1:11:41 Helen's magic drug1:19:50 Menelaus and Proteus, the shapeshifting sea god1:27:08 Menelaus's fate: the Elysian Fields1:32:09 The suitors plot to kill Telemachus1:33:23 Closing thoughtsCallouts:Special thanks to Dr. Richard Johnson for his longtime support of the show. You are Caesar and Odysseus's Top Guy!In tribute to the life and aspirations of Savitha Shanmugasundaram, a University of Texas at Austin honors student who died tragically in the March 1 mass shooting, her parents have established the Savitha Shan Endowed Scholarship at UT Austin. The fund is intended to extend Savitha's legacy by supporting the educational journeys of future UT Austin students. Please consider donating if you can. 

Exemplarity and Allusion in Macrobius' Saturnalia (Oxford UP, 2026) offers a new framework for interpreting interactions with classical source material in Macrobius' Saturnalia. It argues that the Saturnalia, an educational dialogue from the fifth century ce, does not view its Greco-Roman models as hegemonic sources of authority but engages with these texts in dynamic and critical ways. In particular, Macrobius responds to both the literary and ethical agendas of his predecessors, a strategy which is termed ethical allusion. The book explores this intertwining of moral, social, and aesthetic commentary in the Saturnalia's allusions to authors such as Aulus Gellius, Cicero, Plato, Plutarch, and Virgil. It also examines Macrobius' ethical allusions alongside the aesthetic practices and moral thought of the late fourth and the fifth centuries, and sheds light on the Saturnalia's role in pioneering a late antique intellectual culture at once less hierarchical and less engaged with civic life. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review. Katherine Krauss is Assistant Teaching Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Penn State. Michael Motia teaches in Classics and Religious Studies at UMass Boston Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Exemplarity and Allusion in Macrobius' Saturnalia (Oxford UP, 2026) offers a new framework for interpreting interactions with classical source material in Macrobius' Saturnalia. It argues that the Saturnalia, an educational dialogue from the fifth century ce, does not view its Greco-Roman models as hegemonic sources of authority but engages with these texts in dynamic and critical ways. In particular, Macrobius responds to both the literary and ethical agendas of his predecessors, a strategy which is termed ethical allusion. The book explores this intertwining of moral, social, and aesthetic commentary in the Saturnalia's allusions to authors such as Aulus Gellius, Cicero, Plato, Plutarch, and Virgil. It also examines Macrobius' ethical allusions alongside the aesthetic practices and moral thought of the late fourth and the fifth centuries, and sheds light on the Saturnalia's role in pioneering a late antique intellectual culture at once less hierarchical and less engaged with civic life. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review. Katherine Krauss is Assistant Teaching Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Penn State. Michael Motia teaches in Classics and Religious Studies at UMass Boston Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Exemplarity and Allusion in Macrobius' Saturnalia (Oxford UP, 2026) offers a new framework for interpreting interactions with classical source material in Macrobius' Saturnalia. It argues that the Saturnalia, an educational dialogue from the fifth century ce, does not view its Greco-Roman models as hegemonic sources of authority but engages with these texts in dynamic and critical ways. In particular, Macrobius responds to both the literary and ethical agendas of his predecessors, a strategy which is termed ethical allusion. The book explores this intertwining of moral, social, and aesthetic commentary in the Saturnalia's allusions to authors such as Aulus Gellius, Cicero, Plato, Plutarch, and Virgil. It also examines Macrobius' ethical allusions alongside the aesthetic practices and moral thought of the late fourth and the fifth centuries, and sheds light on the Saturnalia's role in pioneering a late antique intellectual culture at once less hierarchical and less engaged with civic life. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review. Katherine Krauss is Assistant Teaching Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Penn State. Michael Motia teaches in Classics and Religious Studies at UMass Boston Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Exemplarity and Allusion in Macrobius' Saturnalia (Oxford UP, 2026) offers a new framework for interpreting interactions with classical source material in Macrobius' Saturnalia. It argues that the Saturnalia, an educational dialogue from the fifth century ce, does not view its Greco-Roman models as hegemonic sources of authority but engages with these texts in dynamic and critical ways. In particular, Macrobius responds to both the literary and ethical agendas of his predecessors, a strategy which is termed ethical allusion. The book explores this intertwining of moral, social, and aesthetic commentary in the Saturnalia's allusions to authors such as Aulus Gellius, Cicero, Plato, Plutarch, and Virgil. It also examines Macrobius' ethical allusions alongside the aesthetic practices and moral thought of the late fourth and the fifth centuries, and sheds light on the Saturnalia's role in pioneering a late antique intellectual culture at once less hierarchical and less engaged with civic life. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review. Katherine Krauss is Assistant Teaching Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies at Penn State. Michael Motia teaches in Classics and Religious Studies at UMass Boston Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Do we truly have free will, or are our choices shaped by biology, habits, and unconscious forces? This fascinating panel explores one of humanity's oldest and most important questions.Join philosopher Tamar Gendler, psychologist Jeffrey Schaler, and classicist Michael Fontaine as they debate free will, consciousness, Aristotle, and what ancient wisdom can teach us about making better decisions today. Whether you're interested in philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, ethics, or personal development, this conversation offers thought-provoking insights into how we become the people we choose to be.KEY TOPICS COVEREDWhat free will actually meansPhilosophy vs. psychology on human choiceAre our decisions determined by biology?Consciousness and self-awarenessAddiction, habits, and responsibilityAristotle, Plutarch, and ancient ideas of characterCan neuroscience explain behavior?Moral responsibility and the justice systemBuilding better habits and exercising self-controlAncient philosophy for modern lifeTIMESTAMPS00:00 Introduction & panel introductions06:40 What is free will?17:45 Ancient philosophy on choice30:10 Habits, character & Aristotle42:05 Neuroscience vs. free will56:20 Addiction, agency & responsibility01:10:35 Ozempic, habits & behavior change01:12:32 Do we really choose our actions?01:15:03 Audience Q&A begins01:20:55 Consciousness & self-awareness01:25:58 Plutarch on becoming better01:27:08 Final reflections & closingIf you enjoyed this discussion, subscribe for more conversations exploring ancient wisdom, philosophy, psychology, and the ideas that continue to shape the modern world.Comment below: Do you believe we truly have free will, or are our choices determined by factors beyond our control?

This lecture discusses key ideas from the modern philosopher Thomas Hobbes' work De Corpore, specifically ch 11. "Of Identity and Difference", part 7 In this section, Hobbes explores questions and problems of what makes a thing remain the same thing throughout its changes over time or in composition. He considers several different philosophical approaches to the issue, one which focuses on the matter, another which focuses on the form, and a third which focuses on the accidents of the presumed substance in question. He references Plutarch's famous Ship of Theseus problem in the course of his discussion. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 3500 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Thomas Hobbes' De Corpore - https://amzn.to/4e4LUZj

A conversation with Morgan Watkins of TheBaseCreates and George Carter from Old Sovereign Publishing about the importance of re-enchanting the world through theatre and the tradition of the classics, specifically focusing on a new drama competition called "The Great Panathenaea". Links: TheBaseCreates YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheBaseCreates TheBaseCreates X: https://x.com/thebasecreatesSubscribe to the Cost of Glory newsletter for detailed maps, images, and analysis of this pivotal moment in ancient historyGet in touch at: Website: https://costofglory.com X: https://x.com/costofglory

Dion eventually led an invasion fleet to liberate Syracuse, but the revolution quickly descended into chaos and factional splits. James Romm explains that despite his Platonic education, Dion committed the political murder of his rival, Heraclides, which caused him a deep spiritual crisis. Dion was eventually assassinated by a faction of his own army led by Calippus, another student from Plato's Academy. Later, the historian Plutarch attempted to burnish Dion's legacy, portraying him as a "philosopher king." This defense aimed to protect the reputation of the Academy from the scandals of its students. (5/8)1839 SYRACUSE

Guest Author Barry Strauss discusses the power struggle between Mark Antony and the young Octavian following Julius Caesar's assassination. Strauss relies on the Greek historians Plutarch and Cassius Dio to reconstruct this era, noting that Plutarch is the best single source for Antony's life. While Antony was a noble consul and Caesar's seasoned lieutenant, Octavian was a slight, 19-year-old great-nephew who lacked military experience but possessed "Machiavellian" cunning. The two joined Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate to avenge Caesar, leading to the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC. Although Antony emerged as the hero of that victory, Octavian allegedly fled the battlefield due to illness. This victory eliminated assassins like Cassius and Brutus, yet it set the stage for a civil war where Octavian'spolitical ambition would eventually overwhelm Antony's social pedigree. Strauss emphasizes that Caesar likely educated Octavian in the "dark arts of power." (1/8)1680 CONSTANTINOPLE

When Laura Pyke descends on Bingo Little's felicity, deriding his diet as something fresh out of Dante's Inferno, all feathers are instantly ruffled. I mean, raw carrots? And no cocktails? Something must be done. P.G. Wodehouse, today on The Classic Tales Podcast.   Welcome to The Classic Tales Podcast, where an audiobook format gives you an immersive experience in classic literature. You can get friendlier with the classics you know, and discover new favorites. I'm your host BJ Harrison.  I'm glad you could join us.   With the audiobook library card, you can always find something that will meet you where you are. And you can start, stop, try again, as much as you want. In a Wodehouse mood? Dozens of hours. Need to scratch a historical itch? How about Plutarch's Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, or The Count of Monte Cristo? Coming up on 19 years of personally narrated audiobooks.     Also, you don't need to place orders. Buttons to download each title are found in the product description. It's super easy to bop around and see what you like. Now, you can share it with friends, family, or clients. Whatever works.   Go to audiobooklibrarycard.com and choose the plan that's right for you.   And now, Jeeves and the Old School Chum, by P.G. Wodehouse   Follow this link to get The Audiobook Library Card for a special price of $9.99/month   Follow this link and get Multiple Licenses for The Audiobook Library Card   Follow this link and watch the new video walkthrough using PocketBook.     Follow this link to subscribe to our YouTube Channel:    Follow this link to subscribe to the Arsène Lupin Podcast:   Follow this link to follow us on Instagram:   Follow this link to follow us on Facebook:  

In the lower west side of New York City, a search for lost love yields unexpected results. O. Henry, today on The Classic Tales Podcast.   Welcome to this VINTAGE episode of The Classic Tales Podcast, where an audiobook format gives you an immersive experience in classic literature. You can get friendlier with the classics you know, and discover new favorites. I'm your host BJ Harrison. I'm glad you could join us.     With the audiobook library card, you can always find something that will meet you where you are. And you can start, stop, try again, as much as you want. In a Wodehouse mood? Dozens of hours. Need to scratch a historical itch? How about Plutarch's Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, or The Count of Monte Cristo? These are the same recordings that have hundreds of five star ratings on Audible.com, Spotify and elsewhere.   Also, you don't need to place orders. Buttons to download each title are found in the product description. It's super easy to bop around and see what you like. Now, you can share it with friends, family, or clients. Whatever works.   Go to audiobooklibrarycard.com and choose the plan that's right for you.     And now, "The Furnished Room", by O. Henry     Follow this link to get The Audiobook Library Card for a special price of $9.99/month   Follow this link and get Multiple Licenses for The Audiobook Library Card   Follow this link and watch the new video walkthrough using PocketBook.     Follow this link to subscribe to our YouTube Channel:     Follow this link to subscribe to the Arsène Lupin Podcast:     Follow this link to follow us on Instagram:     Follow this link to follow us on Facebook:

When Aunt Dahlia bets on young Thomas misbehaving, you'd think it was a sure thing. But the kid is suddenly sprouting angel's wings. Can Jeeves lend a hand? P.G. Wodehouse, today on The Classic Tales Podcast.   Welcome to The Classic Tales Podcast, where an audiobook format gives you an immersive experience in classic literature. You can get friendlier with the classics you know, and discover new favorites. I'm your host BJ Harrison.  I'm glad you could join us.   With the audiobook library card, you can always find something that will meet you where you are. And you can start, stop, try again, as much as you want. In a Wodehouse mood? Dozens of hours. Need to scratch a historical itch? How about Plutarch's Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, or The Count of Monte Cristo? These are the same recordings that have received hundreds of five-star ratings on Audible.com, Spotify, and elsewhere.    Also, you don't need to place orders. Buttons to download each title are found in the product description. It's super easy to bop around and see what you like. Now, you can share it with friends, family, or clients. Whatever works.   Go to audiobooklibrarycard.com and choose the plan that's right for you.   And now, Jeeves and the Love that Purifies, by P.G. Wodehouse   Follow this link to get The Audiobook Library Card for a special price of $9.99/month   Follow this link and get Multiple Licenses for The Audiobook Library Card   Follow this link and watch the new video walkthrough using PocketBook.   Follow this link to subscribe to our YouTube Channel:     Follow this link to subscribe to the Arsène Lupin Podcast:     Follow this link to follow us on Instagram:     Follow this link to follow us on Facebook: