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Check out my linktree to find our new song, socials & more: https://linktr.ee/filipholmSupport Let's Talk Religion on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letstalkreligion Or through a one-time donation: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/letstalkreligion Also check out the Let's Talk Religion Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/0ih4sqtWv0wRIhS6HFgerb?si=95b07d83d0254bSources/Recomended Reading:Clark, Gillian (translated by) (2000). "Porphyry: On Abstinence from Killing Animals". Bristol Classical Press.Gerson, Loyd P. (ed.) (2019). "Plotinus: The Enneads". Cambridge University Press.Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Huffman, Carl A. (ed.) (2017). "A History of Pythagoreanism". Cambridge University Press.Iamblichus "On the Mysteries". Tranlsated by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon & Jackson P. Hershell. Writings from the Graeco-Roman World. Society of Biblical Literature.Kirk, G.S., J.E. Raven & M. Schofield (1983). "The Presocratic Philosophers". Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.Shaw, Gregory (2014). "Theurgy and the Soul: The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus". Angelico Press/Sophia Perennis.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this video we explore the life, death and legacy of the 5th century Alexandrian philosopher Hypatia, the very dramatic events that led to her brutal murder and what this can tell us (or not) about the transition from antiquity to the middle ages.Check out my linktree for socials, music & more: https://linktr.ee/filipholmSupport Let's Talk Religion on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letstalkreligion Or through a one-time donation: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/letstalkreligion Sources/Recomended Reading:Athanassiadi, Polymnia (ed.) (1999). "Damascius: The Philosophical History: text with translation and notes". Apamea Cultural Association.Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Gregory, John (ed.) (1998). "The Neoplatonists: a reader". Routledge.Shaw, Gregory (2014). "Theurgy and the Soul: The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus". Angelico Press/Sophia Perennis.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company.Watts, Edward J. (2018). "Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher". Academic.Socrates Scholasticus: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/26017.htm Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Healing the Modern Soul is a series about how clinical psychology will haave to change and confront its past if it is to remain relevant in the future. Part 1    Part 2    Part 3     Part 4      Healing the Modern Soul Appendix    The Role of Psychotherapy as a Third Space and Meaning-Making System   Psychotherapy can be seen as a third space that exists outside of the dogmas of both science and religion, serving as a bridge between our medical and spiritual needs. In this space, therapists and clients engage in a process of meaning-making that allows the inner world and understanding of the self to better reflect the reality of the outer world.   This process of meaning-making occurs through both conscious thought, which is aware of time and language, and implicit memory, which is only aware of our somatic and deep emotional cues that can only partially be known by the conscious mind. In this way, psychotherapy itself can be considered a kind of simulacra, a symbol that does not point to an original source of meaning, but rather serves as a guide to help individuals navigate their own unique experiences and challenges.   #PsychotherapyFuture #MentalHealthRevolution #ThirdSpacePsychology #IntegrativePsychotherapy #ScienceAndSpirituality #MeaningMakingProcess #ImplicitMemoryHealing #ConsciousAndUnconscious #SelfDiscoveryJourney #PsychotherapyEvolution #HealingTrauma #HumanExperienceInsights #CompassionatePsychotherapy #HolisticMentalHealth #TransformativePsychology Suffering Without Screaming In the first part of this series, we explored the concept of the modern world as a simulacrum, a copy without an original, and how this phenomenon is related to the increasing emphasis on hyper-rationality and objectivity in our culture. We also discussed how the work of philosophers and psychologists, as observed by Friedrich Nietzsche, can reveal their own fears and insecurities through their insistence on perfect logic and objectivity. In the second part of the series we discussed the need for a coherent sense of self in new therapy models and a dialectical relationship between the self and the world. William Gibson,  Memory Palace When we were only several hundred-thousand years old, we built stone circles, water clocks. Later, someone forged an iron spring. Set clockwork running. Imagined grid-lines on a globe. Cathedrals are like machines to finding the soul; bells of clock towers stitch the sleeper's dreams together. You see; so we've always been on our way to this new place—that is no place, really—but it is real. It's our nature to represent: we're the animal that represents, the sole and only maker of maps. And if our weakness has been to confuse the bright and bloody colors of our calendars with the true weather of days, and the parchment's territory of our maps with the land spread out before us—never mind. We have always been on our way to this new place—that is no place, really—but it is real. The Simulacra Effect and the Disconnect from Felt Experience The simulacra effect, as described by Jean Baudrillard, is a result of our culture's increasing emphasis on hyper-rationality and objectivity. As we prioritize logical and rational thinking over subjective experiences and emotions, we create a world that feels hyper-real, yet simultaneously disconnected from our authentic selves. Nietzsche recognized this phenomenon in the work of philosophers and psychologists who claimed to have discovered objective truths through pure logic and reason. He argued that the more these thinkers insisted on their own rationality and objectivity, the more they revealed their own madness and disconnection from reality. In today's world, we find ourselves in a similar situation. On the surface, everything appears normal and rational, but there is an underlying sense of wrongness or disconnection that we struggle to articulate. This is because our culture has taught us to prioritize objective, rational thinking over our subjective, felt experiences. As individuals and as a society, we must reconnect with our felt experiences to recognize and address the insanity that surrounds us. This requires us to embrace our emotions, intuitions, and subjective perceptions, even when they seem to contradict the dominant narrative of rationality and objectivity. Psychotherapy, as a discipline, must play a crucial role in helping individuals engage with their felt experiences, even if it means navigating the complex and often paradoxical relationship between the rational and the subjective. By doing so, therapy can help individuals develop a more authentic sense of self and a deeper understanding of their place in the world. The Dangers of Denying the Self in Psychotherapy Models In the second part of this series, we explored how different models of psychotherapy reveal their own assumptions and biases about the nature of the self and the goals of therapy. By examining these models through the lens of Nietzsche's critique, we can identify potentially dangerous or dehumanizing approaches to treatment. One particularly concerning example is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), a common approach to treating autism spectrum disorders. In the ABA model, the self is reduced to a collection of observable behaviors, with little or no consideration for the individual's inner world, emotions, or subjective experiences. This approach is deeply problematic, as it essentially denies the existence of a soul or psyche in individuals with autism or other neurodivergent conditions. By focusing solely on external behaviors and reinforcing "desirable" actions through rewards and punishments, ABA fails to recognize the inherent humanity and agency of the individuals it seeks to treat. In contrast, a truly effective and ethical model of psychotherapy must acknowledge and support the development of a coherent sense of self, while also recognizing the existence of other selves in the world. Therapy should be a dialectical process, helping individuals navigate the complex relationship between their inner world and the external reality they inhabit. This is particularly important for individuals who may not fit neatly into the objective, outcome-oriented modes of expression and socialization that dominate our culture. Rather than discounting or suppressing their unique perspectives and experiences, therapy should encourage and support the development of their authentic selves. The Case of the Autistic Child and Neuromodulation To illustrate the importance of a holistic and integrative approach to psychotherapy, let us consider the case of an autistic child who experiences sensory overwhelm and distress when exposed to cold temperatures. In a traditional ABA approach, the focus would be on modifying the child's behavior through rewards and punishments, with the goal of reducing the outward expression of distress. However, this approach fails to address the underlying neural and sensory processing issues that contribute to the child's experience of overwhelm. By contrast, a neuromodulation approach, such as that described in the case study involving QEEG brain mapping, seeks to identify and target the specific areas of neural dysfunction that are contributing to the child's distress. In this case, the QEEG brain map revealed a disconnect between the thalamus, which processes sensory information, and the long-term memory regions of the brain. By using neuromodulation techniques to bridge this gap and facilitate communication between these areas, the therapists were able to help the child process and integrate their sensory experiences more effectively, leading to a reduction in distress and an increased ability to tolerate cold temperatures. This case study highlights the importance of looking beyond surface-level behaviors and considering the complex interplay of neurological, sensory, and emotional factors that shape an individual's experience of the world. By addressing these underlying issues, rather than simply trying to suppress or modify outward expressions of distress, psychotherapy can help individuals to develop a greater sense of self-regulation, resilience, and overall well-being. The Role of Implicit Memory in Shaping Our Sense of Self To effectively address the complexities of the modern soul, psychotherapy must also grapple with the role of implicit memory in shaping our sense of self and our relationship to the world. Implicit memory, also known as the unconscious or subcortical brain processes, encompasses the vast array of experiences, emotions, and assumptions that operate beneath the level of conscious awareness. These implicit memories can have a profound impact on our behavior, relationships, and overall well-being, often in ways that we struggle to understand or articulate. They may manifest as trauma responses, maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior, or a pervasive sense of disconnection from ourselves and others. Effective psychotherapy must find ways to access and work with these implicit memories, helping individuals to process and integrate their experiences in a way that promotes healing and growth. Different Types of Memory and Therapeutic Approaches One key insight in understanding the role of implicit memory in psychotherapy is recognizing that there are different types of memory, each requiring distinct therapeutic approaches to effectively treat the associated trauma or dysfunction. Relational memory: This type of memory encompasses our assumptions about communication, identity, and how we want to be perceived by others. Individuals with attachment disorders or relational trauma may have impaired functional memory, leading to maladaptive patterns in their interactions with others. Therapies that focus on building secure attachments, such as emotionally focused therapy (EFT) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), can be particularly effective in addressing relational memory issues. Visual-spatial memory: This type of memory is associated with flashbacks and vivid re-experiencing of traumatic events. While relatively rare, visual-spatial memory trauma can be highly distressing and debilitating. Treatments like eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and prolonged exposure therapy (PE) have been shown to be effective in processing and integrating these traumatic memories. Kinesthetic memory: This type of memory is stored in the body and is related to how we budget energy and respond to stress. Somatic therapies, such as sensorimotor psychotherapy and somatic experiencing, can help individuals reconnect with their bodily sensations and develop greater self-regulation and resilience in the face of stress and trauma. Cognitive-emotional memory: This type of memory is associated with self-referential processes, such as problem-solving, obsessing, and rumination. Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) and mindfulness-based approaches can be effective in addressing maladaptive thought patterns and promoting more flexible and adaptive ways of relating to one's internal experience. By understanding the different types of memory involved in trauma and psychological distress, therapists can develop more targeted and effective interventions that address the specific needs of each individual client. The Complexity of the Unconscious and the Limitations of Language While different psychotherapeutic approaches have their own conceptions of the unconscious, it is important to recognize that implicit memory cannot be perfectly mapped or described using language alone. The unconscious is a vast and complex realm that operates beneath the level of conscious awareness, and our attempts to understand and articulate its workings will always be limited by the constraints of language and cognition. In many ways, the relationship between the conscious mind and the unconscious can be likened to that between a democratic government and its constituents. Just as a democracy relies on elected representatives to make decisions on behalf of the larger population, our conscious mind relies on simplified models and representations of the unconscious to guide our thoughts and behaviors. Similarly, the unconscious can be compared to a graphics processing unit (GPU) in a computer, which is optimized for handling complex and repetitive tasks, such as rendering images or processing large datasets. In contrast, the conscious mind is more like a central processing unit (CPU), which is better suited for handling novel and sequential tasks that require flexibility and adaptability. While the CPU (conscious mind) may be the "decision-maker," it relies heavily on the GPU (unconscious) to provide the raw data and processing power needed to navigate the complexities of the world around us. Attempting to understand the unconscious solely through the lens of conscious, language-based reasoning would be like trying to understand the inner workings of a GPU using only the tools and concepts of CPU programming. The Influence of Silicon Valley and Corporate Interests on Mental Health This brings us to the problematic assumptions underlying certain models of psychotherapy, which are deeply embedded in the broader cultural and economic forces that shape our understanding of mental health and well-being. In particular, the influence of Silicon Valley and corporate interests on the field of psychology has led to a growing emphasis on treating individuals as programmable entities, much like computers or robots. This perspective is rooted in the belief that with enough data and processing power, human behavior can be predicted, controlled, and optimized. We see this belief reflected in the development of large language models (LLMs) and other AI technologies, which are often presented as capable of replicating or even surpassing human intelligence and creativity. However, this view fundamentally misunderstands the nature of human consciousness and agency, reducing the complexity of the human mind to a set of algorithms and data points. The notion that robots can be made into people through advances in AI and computing power is deeply misguided, as it fails to recognize the fundamental differences between human consciousness and machine learning. At the same time, the idea that people can be reduced to robots through behavioral conditioning and programming is equally dangerous, as it denies the inherent humanity and agency of individuals. These assumptions are not only flawed but also deeply dehumanizing, as they prioritize measurable outcomes and "optimal" functioning over the rich and complex inner lives of individuals. By treating people as objects to be fixed or optimized, rather than as meaning-making beings with unique subjective experiences, we risk perpetuating a culture of alienation, disconnection, and suffering. The Danger of Prioritizing Suffering Over Healing The case of the autistic child also raises important questions about the goals and priorities of psychotherapy in the modern world. In a culture that prioritizes hyper-rationality, objectivity, and measurable outcomes, there is a risk of reducing the complexity of human experience to a set of behaviors to be modified or eliminated. This approach can lead to a dangerous prioritization of suffering over healing, where the goal of therapy becomes to help individuals endure their distress without expressing it, rather than to address the underlying causes of their suffering and promote genuine growth and transformation. The idea that therapy should aim to help people "suffer without screaming" is a deeply troubling direction for the profession to take. It reflects a dehumanizing view of individuals as objects to be fixed or controlled, rather than as complex, meaning-making beings with inherent worth and dignity. Instead, psychotherapy should strive to create a safe and supportive space for individuals to explore their experiences, to develop a greater understanding of themselves and their place in the world, and to cultivate the skills and resources needed to navigate life's challenges with resilience, authenticity, and grace. This requires a willingness to sit with the full spectrum of human experience, including the painful, messy, and often paradoxical aspects of the self and the world. It also requires a recognition of the inherent value and wisdom of each individual's unique perspective and life journey, and a commitment to honoring and supporting their growth and development in a way that is grounded in their own values, needs, and aspirations. Screaming without Suffering The simulacra effect, as described by Baudrillard and anticipated by Nietzsche, is a direct consequence of our culture's increasing emphasis on hyper-rationality, objectivity, and the denial of subjective experience. As psychotherapists and as a society, we must resist the temptation to reduce the complexity of the human mind to a set of behaviors or data points, and instead embrace the inherent messiness and uncertainty of the human condition. By reconnecting with our felt experiences, acknowledging the existence of the self and other selves in the world, and challenging the dominant paradigms of mental health treatment, we can begin to navigate the complexities of the modern soul and find a sense of authenticity and meaning in an increasingly disconnected world. This requires a willingness to engage with the paradoxes and contradictions that arise when we attempt to bridge the gap between the rational and the subjective, the individual and the collective, the inner world and the external reality. It is a difficult and ongoing process, but one that is essential if we are to create a more humane and fulfilling vision of mental health and well-being in the 21st century. As we have explored throughout this series, the role of psychotherapy in navigating the modern soul is both complex and essential. By embracing a holistic and integrative approach that recognizes the full complexity of the human experience, therapists can help individuals to develop a more authentic and meaningful sense of self, one that is grounded in their own unique values, experiences, and relationships. This process of self-discovery and healing is not always comfortable or easy, but it is necessary if we are to resist the dehumanizing forces of hyper-rationality, objectivity, and corporate interest that threaten to reduce the richness and diversity of human experience to a set of measurable outcomes and data points. Ultimately, the goal of psychotherapy in the modern world should be to help individuals to connect with their own inner wisdom and resilience, to find meaning and purpose in their lives, and to contribute to the creation of a more compassionate and authentic society. By working together to navigate the complexities of the modern soul, we can begin to heal the wounds of disconnection and alienation, and to create a world that truly honors the full spectrum of human experience. In the end, it is our capacity for love, empathy, and genuine human connection that will guide us through the challenges of the modern world. While pain and suffering may be inevitable, it is our ability to love and be loved that gives our lives meaning and purpose. As we strive to navigate the complexities of the modern soul, let us remember that we have the power to choose love over fear, connection over isolation, and authenticity over simulacra. For in doing so, we not only heal ourselves but also contribute to the healing of the world around us.  "Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom" -Viktor E. Frankl   References and Further Reading: Baudrillard, J. (1981). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge. Deleuze, G. (1968). Difference and repetition. Columbia University Press. Gibson, W. (1984). Neuromancer. Ace Books. Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. W.W. Norton & Company. Jung, C. G. (1933). Modern man in search of a soul. Routledge. Nietzsche, F. (1882). The gay science. Vintage. Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W.W. Norton & Company. Schore, A. N. (2019). The development of the unconscious mind. W.W. Norton & Company. Siegel, D. J. (2010). The mindful therapist: A clinician's guide to mindsight and neural integration. W.W. Norton & Company. van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking. Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books. Žižek, S. (1989). The sublime object of ideology. Verso. Baudrillard, J. (1994). The illusion of the end. Stanford University Press. Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. University of Minnesota Press. Foucault, M. (1975). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Vintage Books. Lacan, J. (1966). Écrits. W.W. Norton & Company. Lyotard, J.-F. (1979). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. University of Minnesota Press. Saussure, F. (1916). Course in general linguistics. Columbia University Press. Derrida, J. (1967). Of grammatology. Johns Hopkins University Press. Nietzsche, F. (1887). On the genealogy of morality. Hackett Publishing Company. Heidegger, M. (1927). Being and time. Harper Perennial Modern Classics. Sartre, J.-P. (1943). Being and nothingness. Washington Square Press. Camus, A. (1942). The stranger. Vintage International.26. Dostoevsky, F. (1866). Crime and punishment. Penguin Classics. Kafka, F. (1915). The metamorphosis. Classix Press. Borges, J. L. (1944). Ficciones. Grove Press. Calvino, I. (1972). Invisible cities. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Eco, U. (1980). The name of the rose. Harcourt. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. Putnam. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford University Press. LeDoux, J. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. Simon & Schuster. Solms, M., & Turnbull, O. (2002). The brain and the inner world: An introduction to the neuroscience of subjective experience. Other Press. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. Other Press. Stern, D. N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. Basic Books. Tronick, E. (2007). The neurobehavioral and social-emotional development of infants and children. W.W. Norton & Company. Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. M. (2014). The origins of attachment: Infant research and adult treatment. Routledge. Schore, J. R., & Schore, A. N. (2008). Modern attachment theory: The central role of affect regulation in development and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(1), 9-20. Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. W.W. Norton & Company.  

Delve into the philosophical and theological parallels that shaped the development of early Christian thought. From the influence of Plotinus and his concepts of the One and the emanation of divine beings, to the fusion of Platonic ideas with Christian theology, this video uncovers the intellectual interplay that helped shape the foundations of Western spirituality. Explore how Neoplatonic concepts, such as the nature of the soul, the hierarchy of being, and the pursuit of the divine, found resonance within Christian doctrines.Sources/Suggested Reading: Gerson, Loyd P. (ed.) (2019). "Plotinus: The Enneads". Cambridge University Press.Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press. Greer, Rowan A. (1979). "Origen: Selected Writings". Classics of Western Spirituality. Paulist Press. Laird, Martin (2004). "Gregory of Nyssa and the grasp of faith: union, knowledge and divine presence". Oxford University Press. Lossky, Vladimir (1944). "The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church". James Clarke & Co. Luibheid, Colm (Translated by) (1987). "Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works". Classics of Western Spirituality. Paulist Press International. McGinn, Bernard (2003). "The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart: The Man from Whom God Hid Nothing". Independent Publishers Group. O'Meara, Dominic J. (1981). "Neoplatonism and Christian Thought". State University of New York Press. Pine-Coffin, R.S. (Translated by) (2003). "Confessions". Penguin Classics. Proclus "The Elements of Theology: A Revised Text with Translation, Introduction, and Commentary". Translated by E.R. Dodds. Second Edition. Oxford University Press. O'Meara, Dominic J. (1999). "Plotinus: An Introduction to the Enneads". Oxford University Press. Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company. Ware, Timothy (2015). "The Orthodox Church: An introduction to Eastern Christianity". New Edition. Penguin Books. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We continue our exploration of Pythagoreanism by diving into the music of the spheres, and how this idea has influenced thinkers across history.Sources/Recomended Reading:Cooper, John M. (ed.) (1997). "Plato: Complete Works". Hackett Publishing Company.Huffman, Carl A. (2008). "Philolaus of Croton: A Commentary on the Fragments and Testimonia with Interprative Essays". Cambridge University Press.Huffman, Carl A. (ed.) (2017). "A History of Pythagoreanism". Cambridge University Press.Kirk, G.S., J.E. Raven & M. Schofield (1983). "The Presocratic Philosophers". Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.Klavan, Spencer A. (2020). "Music in Ancient Greece: Melody, Rhythm and Life". Bloomsbury Academic.Zhmud, Leonid (2012). "Pythagoras and the Early Pythagoreans". Translated by Kevin Windle & Rosh Ireland. OUP Oxford. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It's time to talk about a few ways that Neoplatonic ideas have shown up in the history of Islamic thought.Sources/Recomended Reading:Adamson, Peter (ed.) (2005). "The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy". Cambridge University Press.al-Ghazali - "The Niche of Lights". Translated by David Buchman. Islamic Translations Series. University of Chicago Press.Daftary, Farhad (2007). "The Isma'ilis: Their history and doctrines". Cambridge University Press.Chittick, William (2005). "Ibn Arabi: Heir to the Prophets". OneWorld Publications.Chittick, William (1989). "The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn 'Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination".Chittick, William (1998). "The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-'Arabi's Cosmology". State University of New York Press.Chittick, William (2005). "The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi". World Wisdom, inc.Dillon, John (1996). "The Middle Platonists". Bristol Classical Press.Gerson, Loyd P. (ed.) (2019). "Plotinus: The Enneads". Cambridge University Press. (This is the translation of the Enneads I have been using in this episode).Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Ibn Sina - "A Treatise on Love". Translated by Emil L. Fackenheim. Medieval Studies.Ibn 'Arabi - "The Ringstones of Wisdom (Fusus al-Hikam)". Translation by Caner K. Dagli. Great Books of the Islamic World.Ibn Arabi - "The Universal Tree and the Four Birds (al-ittihad al-kawni). Translated by Angela Jaffray. Oxford: Anqa Publishing.Ibn 'Arabi - "The Openings Revealed in Makkah: al-futuhat al-makkiyya". Translated by Eric Winkel. Volumes 1-4. Pir Press.Morewedge, Parviz (1992). "Neoplatonism and Islamic Thought". State University of New York Press.Ormsby, Eric (Translated by) (2012). "Between Reason and Revelation: Twin wisdoms reconciled". An annotated English translation of Nasir-i Khusraw's Kitab-i Jami al-hikmatayn. The Institute of Isma'ili Studies. I.B. Tauris.Proclus "The Elements of Theology: A Revised Text with Translation, Introduction, and Commentary". Translated by E.R. Dodds. Second Edition. Oxford University Press.O'Meara, Dominic J. (1999). "Plotinus: An Introduction to the Enneads". Oxford University Press.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company.#neoplatonism #islam #philosophy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Sources/Recomended Reading:Cooper, John M. (ed.) (1997). "Plato: Complete Works". Hackett Publishing Company.Dillon, John (1996). "The Middle Platonists". Bristol Classical Press.Gerson, Loyd P. (ed.) (2019). "Plotinus: The Enneads". Cambridge University Press. (This is the translation of the Enneads I have been using in this episode).Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Gregory, John (ed.) (1998). "The Neoplatonists: a reader". Routledge.Iamblichus "On the Mysteries". Tranlsated by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon & Jackson P. Hershell. Writings from the Graeco-Roman World. Society of Biblical Literature.Proclus "The Elements of Theology: A Revised Text with Translation, Introduction, and Commentary". Translated by E.R. Dodds. Second Edition. Oxford University Press.O'Meara, Dominic J. (1999). "Plotinus: An Introduction to the Enneads". Oxford University Press.Shaw, Gregory (2014). "Theurgy and the Soul: The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus". Angelico Press/Sophia Perennis.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company.Also check out the excellent episodes about Plotinus on the "Secret History of Western Esotericism" pocast: https://shwep.net/#neoplatonism #philosophy #plotinus Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we continue our explorations of Daoism by studying its later developments into organized movements and the fascinating practice of Neidan, or "Internal Alchemy".Sources/Suggested Reading:Graham, A.C. (1999). "Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China". Open Court.Kohn, Livia (1991). "Early Chinese Mysticism: Philosophy and Soteriology in the Taoist Tradition". Princeton University Press.Kohn, Livia (1993). "The Taoist Experience: An Anthology". State University of New York Press.Komjathy, Louis (2013). "The Daoist Tradition: An Introduction". Bloombury academic.Komjathy, Louis (2016). "Comtemplative Literature: A Comparative Sourcebook on Meditation and Contemplative Prayer". State University of New York Press.Ziporyn, Brook (Translated by) (2020). Zhuangzi: The Complete Writings". Hackett Publishing Company.#Daoism #China #Alchemy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the final episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch as Jean-Jacques Dessalines assumes power and helps lead the Haitian people to a final victory against the French. We then witness the aftermath of the revolution and discuss these events' lasting impacts. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch as French forces under General Charles Leclerc invade Saint-Domingue, intending to oust Toussaint Louverture from power. However, despite meeting with initial successes, the French soon find that their task will prove to be far more difficult than initially anticipated. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch Toussaint Louverture ascend to the zenith of his power as he defeats Andre Rigaud in the short but brutal “War of the Knives.” But as one rival exits the stage, another enters: First Consul of France Napoleon Bonaparte. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we witness the end of the war that had ravaged Saint-Domingue for 5 years. As Toussaint Louverture begins to chart a course for the colony independent from France, an attempt by the French government to reassert control sets the stage for a deadly civil war. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we witness the meteoric rise of ex-slave Toussaint Louverture as he goes from a subordinate general of the slave revolt to become the most powerful political and military figure in all of Saint-Domingue. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch as Britain and Spain declare war on the French Republic, altering the geopolitical situation in the colony of Saint-Domingue. Meanwhile, the republicans resort to extraordinary measures in an attempt to court the ex-slaves to their cause. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/kaiserwillemii Like the show on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Historia-Dramatica-Podcast-105310634678354 Support the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=55693541&fan_landing=true Email the show: historiadramaticapod@gmail.com Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch as revolution breaks out in earnest on Saint-Domingue. As various different factions of free men fight amongst themselves in the wake of the events in France, the colony's massive slave population rises up and takes vengeance into their own hands. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we watch as revolution breaks out in France in 1789. Its aftershocks soon reach the colony of Saint-Domingue, where each of the colony's social/economic/racial classes begin to fight amongst one another in hopes of seeing their respective visions of the revolution become a reality. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

In this first episode of our series on the Haitian Revolution, we go over extensive background information on the history, politics, and socio-economic dynamics of Saint-Domingue, the French colony that would eventually become the independent state of Haiti. Email me Follow me on Twitter Like the show on Facebook Visit the Ebay store Support the show on Patreon Works Cited Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. Metropolitan Books, 2012 Fick, Carolyn. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press, 2004.  Geggus, David. The Haitian Revolution: a Documentary History. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 2014. James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Vintage Books, 1989.

Terence takes a stab at the Mommy Wars in Adelphoe. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Berg, Deena, translator. “The Brothers [Terence's Adelphoe].” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 345-405. Gruber-Miller, John. "Masterpieces Of Greek and Roman Theatre". Cornellcollege.Edu, https://www.cornellcollege.edu/classical_studies/lit/cla364-1-2006/03groupthree/Terence.htm. Accessed 2 Aug 2021. Metzger, Doug. "Homo Sum: Terence's The Brothers". Literatureandhistory.Com, https://www.literatureandhistory.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&catid=2. Accessed 2 Aug 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

A pesquisa para compreender como os pensadores antigos entendiam a ideia de imortalidade da alma e de vida após à morte chega à "República" de Platão e ao conceito de reencarnação. Analisamos neste episódio os principais argumentos socráticos para defender a reencarnação e sua importância para justificar a ideia de que cada indivíduo pode alcançar a excelência, superando seus erros e aprendendo a virtude. _______________________________________ Site: https://ocastdosespiritos.libsyn.com Instagram: @ocastdosespiritos  Youtube: https://bit.ly/ocastdosespiritos _________________________________________________ Referências:  BURNETT, Josh. The Socratic Doctrine of the Soul. London: British Academy, (1916) 2016. EDMONDS III, Radcliffe G. Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the 'Orphic' Gold Tablets. Cambridge University Press, 2004. EDMONDS III, Radcliffe. A Lively Afterlife and Beyond - The Soul in Plato, Homer, and the Orphica. Platon et la psychè, Dossier Platon et la psychè. 11 | 2014.   EHRMAN, Bart. Heaven and hell: a history of the afterlife. Simon and Schuster. New York, 2020.   ELIADE, Mircea. História das crenças e das ideias religiosas II - De Gautama Buda ao triunfo do cristianismo. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2011.   ELKAISY-FRIEMUTH, Maha; DILLON, John M. [Edited by]. The Afterlife of the Platonic Soul - Reflections of Platonic Psychology in the Monotheistic Religions. Leiden - Boston, 2009   GUTHRIE. W. K. C. A history of Greek Philosophy - Volume IV, Plato, The Man, and his Dialogues: Earlier Period. Cambridge University Press, 1975.   JAEGER. Paideia - a formação do homem grego. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2000. MANTZANAS, M. La réincarnation chez Platon et l'optique chrétienne. PEITHO/EXAMINA ANTIQUA 1 ( 6 ) / 2015.   MCPHERRAN, Mark L. Platonic religion. In.: A Companion to Plato. Edited by Hugh H. Benson. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2006.   PLATÃO. Fédon. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2000.   PLATÃO. Górgias. In: Diálogos. Bauru/SP: Edipro, 2007.   PLATÃO. O julgamento e a morte de Sócrates - Eutífron - Apologia - Críton - Fédon. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 2018.   PLATO. Complete Works. Edited by John M. Cooper. Associate editor d. S. Hutchinson. Cambridge, Hackett Publishing Company, 1997.   REALE, Giovane. Corpo, alma e saúde: o conceito de homem de Homero a Platão. São Paulo: Paulus, 2002.   ROHDE, Erwin. Psyche - The cult of souls and belief in immortality among the Greeks. Harper & Row (1966). 1925. London, New York.   SANTOS, José Trindade. Para ler Platão - Alma, cidade, cosmo. São Paulo: Loyola, 2009.   SPINELLI, Miguel. Questões fundamentais da filosofia grega. São Paulo: Loyola, 2006.

The honeymooners in Terence's Hecyra have a lot to unpack. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Berg, Deena, translator. “The Mother-in-Law [Terence's Hecyra].” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 295-344. Karsten, Alexander. "The Noble Lie In Terence'S Hecyra". Society For Classical Studies, https://classicalstudies.org/annual-meeting/145/abstract/noble-lie-terence's-hecyra. Sorscher, Hannah. "Wife-Erasure In Terence's Hecyra". Society For Classical Studies, https://classicalstudies.org/annual-meeting/151/abstract/wife-erasure-terences-hecyra. Wasson, Donald L. "Roman Literature." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 27 Sep 2017. Web. 20 May 2021. Wikipedia contributors. "Terence." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 May. 2021. Web. 22 May. 2021. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Nossa investigação para entender o desenvolvimento do conceito de imortalidade da alma e de reencarnação na filosofia ocidental continua. Neste episódio iremos estudar as ideias socráticas sobre a imortalidade da alma na obra de Platão. Vamos analisar os diálogos da sequência chamada de "O julgamento e a morte de Sócrates", especialmente a Apologia e o Fédon.   _______________________________________ Site: https://ocastdosespiritos.libsyn.com Instagram: @ocastdosespiritos  Youtube: https://bit.ly/ocastdosespiritos ____________________________________________Referências:  BURNETT, Josh. The Socratic Doctrine of the Soul. London: British Academy, (1916) 2016.   EHRMAN, Bart. Heaven and hell: a history of the afterlife. Simon and Schuster. New York, 2020.   ELIADE, Mircea. História das crenças e das ideias religiosas II - De Gautama Buda ao triunfo do cristianismo. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2011.   ELKAISY-FRIEMUTH, Maha; DILLON, John M. [Edited by]. The Afterlife of the Platonic Soul - Reflections of Platonic Psychology in the Monotheistic Religions. Leiden - Boston, 2009   GUTHRIE. W. K. C. A history of Greek Philosophy - Volume IV, Plato, The Man, and his Dialogues: Earlier Period. Cambridge University Press, 1975. JAEGER. Paideia - a formação do homem grego. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2000.   MCPHERRAN, Mark L. Platonic religion. In.: A Companion to Plato. Edited by Hugh H. Benson. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2006.   PLATÃO. Fédon. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2000.   PLATÃO. Górgias. In: Diálogos. Bauru/SP: Edipro, 2007.   PLATÃO. O julgamento e a morte de Sócrates - Eutífron - Apologia - Críton - Fédon. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 2018.   PLATO. Complete Works. Edited by John M. Cooper. Associate editor d. S. Hutchinson. Cambridge, Hackett Publishing Company, 1997.   REALE, Giovane. Corpo, alma e saúde: o conceito de homem de Homero a Platão. São Paulo: Paulus, 2002.   ROHDE, Erwin. Psyche - The cult of souls and belief in immortality among the Greeks. Harper & Row (1966). 1925. London, New York.   SANTOS, José Trindade. Para ler Platão - Alma, cidade, cosmo. São Paulo: Loyola, 2009.   SPINELLI, Miguel. Questões fundamentais da filosofia grega. São Paulo: Loyola, 2006.

If one Menaechmus is good, then two must be better! To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. Join me on Patreon at www.patreon.com/triumvirclio to get early access to ad-free episodes and bonus content. References Frangoulidis, Stavros. "Plautus, Menaechmi: Twin Helping Twin." Dictynna. Revue de poétique latine 15 (2018). Parker, Douglass, translator. “Double Bind [Plautus's Menaechmi].” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 99-184. “Plautus' Menaechmi (“The Twins Named Menaechmus”) – 2007.” Wp.Stolaf.Edu, https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/menaechmi/. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

This is Bacchis. And this is her sister Bacchis. Confused yet? To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. If there's no hyperlink showing up here, you can go to triumvirclio.school.blog to find a feed of recent episodes as well as discussion pages for every episode. References Parker, Douglass, translator. “Appendix 1: A Note on the PreAct of The Wild, Wild Women.” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 406-7. Parker, Douglass, translator. “Appendix 2: A Supplementary Prologue to The Wild, Wild Women.” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 408-11. Parker, Douglass, translator. “The Wild, Wild Women [Plautus's Bacchides].” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 185-294. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

Thank you for listening to this episode of my podcast! Here is the bibliography: Aristotle. Aristotle: Politics. Translated by CDC Reeve. Hackett Publishing Company, 1998. Huber, Pierre. The Natural History of Ants. Translated by James Rawlins Johnson. Google Books. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1820. https://books.google.com/books?id=AJM-AAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Minella, Timothy K. 2019. “The Enslaved Ants and the Peculiar Institution: Argument by Analogy in the Slavery Question.” Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 17 (2): 256–80. http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.geneseo.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hus&AN=135603201&site=ehost-live&scope=site.  Richard Kraut. “Are There Natural Rights in Aristotle?” The Review of metaphysics 49, no. 4 (June 1, 1996): 755–774.

You may know Miles Gloriosus as the braggart soldier in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. This play is the source material for that character. To join the discussion, visit the blog at Triumvir Clio's School of Classical Civilization. References Berg, Deena, translator. “Major Blowhard [Plautus's Miles Gloriosus].” Five Comedies, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1999, pp. 1-98. Brotherton, Blanche. “The Plot of the Miles Gloriosus.” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, vol. 55, 1924, pp. 128-136. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/283012. Accessed 22 Aug. 2020. "Miles Gloriosus". Encyclopædia Britannica, 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/Miles-Gloriosus. "Plautus' Miles Gloriosus (“The Braggart Soldier”) – 1999 – Classics". Wp.Stolaf.Edu, https://wp.stolaf.edu/classics/st-olaf-ancient-plays/miles-gloriosus1999/. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bethany-banner/support

In this episode, we explore the background of free trade, the US-China trade war itself, and why tariffs are a bad idea.Please subscribe and leave a 5-star review. Thank you!***References:‘Trumponomics: Inside the America First Plan to Revive Our Economy’, Stephen Moore and Arthur B. Laffer, 2018, All Points Books, United States.‘Schism: China, America and the Fracturing of the Global Trading System’, Paul Blustein, 2019, Centre for International Governance Innovation, Canada.‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’, Adam Smith, Abridged with Commentary by Laurence Dickey, 1993, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge.‘On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation’, David Ricardo, 1817, republished in 2001, Batoche Books, Kitchener.‘Comparative Advantage’, Investopedia.‘International Trade’, Britannica.‘How Trump's Trade War Went From Method to Madness’, Bloomberg, YouTube.‘A Quick Guide to the US-China Trade War’, BBC.‘US-China trade war: 'We're all paying for this', Virginia Harrison, BBC.‘China tariffs will still cost US $316 billion by end of 2020, even after trade deal’, Gina Heeb, Business Insider.‘The US-China Trade War: A Timeline’, Dorcas Wong & Alexander Chipman Koty, China Briefing.‘I, Pencil: My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read’, Leonard Read, republished by Foundation for Economic Education. ‘Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade’, N. Gregory Mankiw, New York Times.The World Trade Historical Database, Giovanni Federico & Antonio Tena-Junguito, VOXeu.org.‘Shooting an Elephant’, The Economist, September 17, 2016.‘Steve Lamar: Announced phase 1 trade deal gave retailers limited relief’, CNBC, YouTube.‘The U.S. Trade Deficit Is Narrowing for Reasons That Aren’t All Good’, Shawn Donnan, Bloomberg.‘Trade War From The Chinese Side’, Milton Ezrati, Forbes.‘How China Really Sees the Trade War’, Andrew J. Nathan, Foreign Affairs.‘The U.S. Trade War Has Caught Beijing’s Attention. Now Washington Needs a Longer-Term Plan.’, Tim Roemer, Foreign Policy.‘David Autor on Trade, China, and U.S. Labor Markets’, Econ Talk Podcast.‘Donald Trump accuses China of trade 'rape'’, The Telegraph, YouTube.‘Donald Trump FULL Speech | Toledo, Ohio Rally (10/27/2016)’, ABC News, YouTube.‘Trump vs Friedman - Trade Policy Debate’, LibertyPen, YouTube.‘Milton Friedman - Congressional House Economic Task Force (1993)’, BasicEconomics, YouTube.‘Krugman Says U.S. Not Taken Advantage of in Trade Deals’, Bloomberg Politics, YouTube.‘Don Boudreaux - Why Free Trade is ALWAYS Best Policy’, LibertyPen, YouTube.‘Trade wars are easy to start, very hard to stop: Economist Thomas Sowell’, Fox Business, YouTube.‘Milton Friedman - Free Trade’, BasicEconomics, YouTube.***Music: Julian AngelatosArtwork: Nerpa Mate

Simon chose the topic of feminism and we all talked on great lengths on it. The Sources were lost in a move that Eli and M made, sorry for the inconvenience Sources (That could be taken from audio) Mill, John Stewart. On liberty. Edited by Elizabeth Rapaport, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 1978

Preston's topic of choice was the stigmas religious people put against non-believers. Eli, M, Preston, and Simon get to talking about this and only slightly get off topic at times. Sources: "Discrimination" American Psychological Association, Accessed 11/16/2019, https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/discrimination "Freedom" Oxford Dictionary "History of Special Olympics" Special Olympics Delaware, Accessed:11/16/2019, https://www.sode.org/about/history-of-special-olympics/ Mill, John Stewart. On liberty. Edited by Elizabeth Rapaport, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 1978 "What is the Role of a Public Theologian Today?" America Magazine, 12 July 2019, https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2019/07/12/what-role-public-theologian-today.

Eli, M, Preston, and Simon delve into the culture of male mental health stigmas and the toxic masculinity that surrounds it. We go over history and research on the topic as well as tell stories of our past that relate to the topic on hand. Simon's sources: · Rogers, Carl (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. London: Constable. ISBN 978-1-84119-840-8. · Prochaska, James O.; Norcross, John C. (2007). Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0495007777. OCLC 71366401 Preston's Sources: · Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Edited by Elizabeth Rapaport, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc, 1978. · Beck, Paul Allen. “Young vs. Old in 1984: Generations and Life Stages in Presidential Nomination Politics.” PS, vol. 17, no. 3, 1984, pp. 515–524. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/418857. M's Sources: Stuart, Heather, PhD, and Arboleda-Florez, Julio, MD, FRCPC, PhD. "A Public Health Perspective on the Stigmatization of Mental Illness." Public Health Reviews 34.2 (2012): 1-18. Proquest. 8 Nov 2019 Eli's Sources: "Suicide Statistics" American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics/ 2017. 8 Nov 2019

This new book by Milan Dragicevich, officially released in March 2019 by the Hackett Publishing Company, is a bold and innovative approach to contemporary actor training. By adapting the classical principles of rhetoric, today’s actor learns to send a powerful vocal “charge” into the act of speaking, strengthening expressivity and range, vocal bravery and command. The book seeks to rediscover the lost art of persuasive speaking, ultimately transforming an actor’s relationship to language, from Shakespeare to Stoppard, from Shaw to Hip-Hop Theater, igniting a spark that will create a more evocative, courageous, and thrilling performance. I bring a large cargo of passion, energy, discipline, and commitment to the classroom. Students learn best when they are inspired by the material, see vibrant applications of the work to their own growth, and therefore actively seek new knowledge, ways of connecting various paths across a subject field. I strive to inspire this impulse in every student, compassionately (yet firmly) challenging them to ask the best of themselves, to exceed their own (often) narrowly defined expectations or limits. Dedicated work leads to impressive growth and results. In my classroom, I combine a classical discipline with a contemporary application or energy. When students are rooted in foundational tools of performance, they acquire wings to soar across any kind of theatrical terrain. Learning classical techniques of rhetoric, as taught in my Detonated Language or Acting Shakespeare courses, can immensely help the performer find bold verbal expression in the contemporary plays of Tom Stoppard or Suzan-Lori Parks. Both writers, in radically different ways, provide a muscular text, filled with bold expressive vocal opportunity. Here, the classical and contemporary worlds harmonize, work together to create a strong one-two punch. (Indeed, the great psychedelic rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix built his fantastic temple on the solid ground of classical blues.) My courses feature this dynamic mix, whether in my Shakespeare, Detonated Language, Intermediate Acting, or Stage Movement classes. In Stage Movement, for instance, students learn the rigorous physical theater techniques of Japan’s Tadashi Suzuki to adapt to any theatrical text, from Quiara Alegria Hudes to Samuel Beckett. I believe students are excited and strongly motivated by this strategy. This strategy challenges students. At the same time, I allow for a wide variance in personal growth. Not everyone learns in the same way, achieves the same results in the same amount of time. I emphasize that each student should take note of their own individual starting point, and gauge their progress accordingly. Moreover, I strive to instill in students a sense of adventure and yes, “fun,” in the classroom. Learning can be a wondrous journey, filled with unexpected surprises and vibrant discoveries. Intrepid exploration is necessary.  Over the past 7-8 years, I have significantly expanded and broadened the range of material distributed to performance students in my language-driven acting courses. By analyzing and performing speeches from India’s Arundhati Roy, for instance, as well as Hip Hop theater and Slam Poetry texts, I have been able to engage my students in a more diverse and varied discussion of the role of language in rhetorical persuasion. Speaking, in this context, is viewed not only as a performance but as an opportunity to unleash persuasive arguments in the civic arena. Again, this strategy weaves two strands, a “classical” underpinning with contemporary relevance and application. ​Finally, I continually search for new perspectives, techniques, exercises, and texts to energize and enliven my courses. I want the material to be fresh not only to the students but to myself. My own inspiration and sense of discovery can help open the door to the students’ own enthusiasm and embrace of the material. Teaching is always a partnership,

Nicolas de Warren reads an excerpt from Plato's Symposium translated by Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff, published by Hackett Publishing Company. (7:05) "It's obvious that every soul of every lover longs for something else. A soul cannot say what it is, but like an oracle, it has a sense of what it wants, and like an oracle, it hides behind a riddle."