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We are doubling down on Rhino podcasts this week, because it is absolutely hot news right now. Wicus Diedericks is back for a second time this week. After a previous episode discussing their landmark case allowing them to export Rhino Horn (a key conservation tool in his tool belt) and the episode earlier this week recorded on location at his facility and touring the incredible work he does for Rhinos - Robbie has Wicus back on to discuss the current state of play now that the government has taken the next step, with the high court of appeals dismissing permission to leave. With the government now out, Wicus explains the state of the union for this court case and where we are with it, the biggest trade conversation since crocodiles were removed from Appendix 1 to Appendix 2. Get to know the guest: https://rockwoodconservation.com Do you have questions we can answer? Send it via DM on IG or through email at info@theoriginsfoundation.org Support our Conservation Club Members! Classic African Hunting: https://classicafricanhunting.com/ SCI Louisiana: Acadiana Chapter: https://laacadianasci.org/ Everyone Deserves to Play: https://theoriginsfoundation.org/conservation-projects/everyone-deserves-to-play/ See more from Blood Origins: https://bit.ly/BloodOrigins_Subscribe Music: Migration by Ian Post (Winter Solstice), licensed through artlist.io This podcast is brought to you by Bushnell, who believes in providing the highest quality, most reliable & affordable outdoor products on the market. Your performance is their passion. https://www.bushnell.com This podcast is also brought to you by Silencer Central, who believes in making buying a silencer simple and they handle the paperwork for you. Shop the largest silencer dealer in the world. Get started today! https://www.silencercentral.com Don't forget to go subscribe to our new The Origins Foundation Podcast Youtube channel: http://www.youtube.com/@TheOriginsFoundationPodcast - who knows, you may be a lucky subscriber who wins some cool stuff from our partner companies! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Mises's guided reading list of the essential works of liberal thought, from Hume, Smith, and Bentham onward, for readers who want to study the tradition in depth.
Mises defends his use of the word: true liberalism is defined by private ownership of the means of production, and he explains why he keeps the name despite its distorted modern usage.
This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. In UNIX Curio #8 ( HPR episode 4657 ), I talked about using standard utilities to compare files. Left unmentioned, however, was a method commonly used today—the hash function. As I've stated in previous entries, while I am an engineer, I don't have a background in computer science, so my understanding of the mathematics is limited. But I can give a practical description of what a hash function does. It takes an input, performs a set of calculations on it, and produces an output. As hash functions are practically used, the input is a set of bytes, such as a file or another piece of data like a password. The output is a numerical value in a fixed range—most often, expressed as hexadecimal characters. Because this "hash value" can always be represented in a certain number of bytes, its length as printed is usually a constant number of characters, padded with leading zeros if necessary. This episode will not cover the use of hashes in programming, focusing instead on using them to validate data. A hash function, or more specifically, a cryptographic hash function, has an additional property. It should be very difficult to predict what changes to the input would be required to produce a specific change in the output. An older, related concept is called a "checksum". While these are designed to vary when the input data is damaged or digits are transposed, they do not necessarily have that last property mentioned for cryptographic hashes. You have probably already encountered a checksum, even if you didn't recognize it. On a 16-digit number assigned to a Mastercard or Visa 1 credit or debit card, the first six digits identify the card issuer (such as a bank), the next nine digits are assigned to you by the issuer, and the last digit is a check digit. The check digit is calculated using the values of the previous 15 digits, and it is a simple way to avoid typos in entering a card number. In another example, every Ethernet frame that your devices send or receive includes a checksum 2 to help ensure that the contents weren't scrambled in transit. This is 32 bits long and is called a cyclical redundancy check, commonly referred to as a CRC. A CRC is also used in many other places—for example, the .zip file format includes one for each archive member, and this allows a program extracting files from the archive to identify if any were damaged. Our UNIX Curio for today is another example, the cksum utility 3 . It generates a 32-bit CRC based on the Ethernet algorithm. It operates on either a named file or standard input and outputs the CRC value, the length of the input, and the pathname if a file was given as an argument. Unlike most modern hashing programs, the checksum is printed as a decimal integer and is not padded, so it can be anywhere from one to ten digits long. The length value is the number of bytes in the input (actually specified as the number of octets , as systems could potentially use a byte that isn't eight bits long), also expressed as a decimal integer. There are two major ways that one could use cksum to check the validity of a file. First, if you are transferring a file from one UNIX-like system to another, you could run cksum against it on both systems and check that the CRC and length are the same. The utility can also be given multiple filenames as arguments, which would generate a list that can then be compared. The second way would be for someone publishing a file or set of files to also publish the CRC values, lengths, and names so that people downloading them could verify that they match. However, I don't think the practice of publishing lists like this really started until more recent hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 came about so it is unlikely that anyone would publish CRC values instead. The advantage of these tools should be pretty obvious in comparison to cmp , one of the utilities discussed in UNIX Curio #8. To verify a file using cmp , you need two files to compare—if you're trying to check a large file you downloaded, you would need to spend the time and bandwidth to download a second copy. And if they didn't match, you would have no idea which of the two, if either, was correct. By contrast, cksum is quicker to run, doesn't require downloading a massive amount of excess data, and if run against the original file, makes clear what the correct value is. This utility is a follow-on from a program called sum , which operated very much the same. I had a bit of trouble tracking down the exact development history, but what seems clear is that two different variants 4 were popular: a BSD version and a System V version. Both output 16-bit checksums, but used different algorithms so they didn't give the same results. Also, the BSD version printed the length of the input data as the number of 1,024-byte blocks, while the System V version instead gave a count of 512-byte blocks. (Some sources claim that System V sum generates a 32-bit checksum 5 , which could possibly be true internal to the algorithm, but I have tested several independent implementations of the utility and all of them output a 16-bit value for both the System V and BSD algorithms.) From what I can tell, the BSD version 6,7 came first; it was in 3BSD but probably appeared even earlier. An identical copy of BSD's sum was included with UNIX/32V 8,9 , which was AT&T's 1979 port of Seventh Edition UNIX to the VAX and became one of the ancestors of System III. The divergence seems to have started with System III, released in 1980; its version of the sum utility 10,11 changed to a new default algorithm, though it could be made to use the BSD algorithm via the -r option. System V looks to have kept the same behavior as System III. It's not clear to me why this algorithm is universally called the "System V algorithm" rather than the "System III algorithm"; perhaps it is because System V saw much more widespread use. Instead of trying to reconcile these differences, the POSIX committee decided to create a new utility with a unique name, use a separate algorithm entirely, and avoid the block-length dispute by printing the length in octets instead of blocks. I should point out that POSIX states that the CRC algorithm for cksum does not strictly meet the mathematical definition of a "checksum". I don't know enough to say exactly why it doesn't qualify or to say whether either of the sum algorithms do. However, in less-formal usage the term "checksum" has gathered the meaning of any value used to represent or validate a set of data, so I am fine with using it no matter the technical details of the algorithm. When two different inputs produce the same checksum or hash value, this is called a "collision". Because the output value has a limited range, there are an infinite number of possible inputs that could produce a collision. From a practical standpoint the possibilities are more limited—the majority of these inputs are larger than the number of atoms in the universe, which can't fit on any machine. Unlike a cryptographic hash algorithm, the CRC is not specifically designed to resist an attacker crafting a malicious input that would cause a collision. However, it should be sufficient to detect accidental damage. Programs implementing more modern cryptographic hash algorithms are superior to the checksum utilities in avoiding collisions (whether malicious or accidental), but there are still three advantages that the older programs have. First, a system running a historical operating system might not have the hash programs available, but is more likely to have cksum or sum already included. Second, the checksum values are much shorter than the hashes output by the newer programs, making them easier for a user to compare by looking at them. This advantage is not as great as it might appear at first, because a common way to check a hash these days is to save a list of hashes and filenames—the hash programs can use that and do the comparison themselves, sparing the user from having to validate it character by character. The third advantage is that cksum prints the input length in bytes. This greatly limits the number of inputs that could be maliciously crafted to create a collision. I did a moderate amount of research on implementations of modern cryptographic hash algorithms and found that some, such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2, do use the length of the input (often termed "message length" in the literature) as part of the material fed in to the algorithm, but none of the hashing utilities present this length to the user as part of its output. There are two possible reasons for this that seem evident to me. First, if one is hashing a password, you would certainly not want to give a clear indication of its length—that would give any attacker a massive head start on guessing the password. However, that doesn't explain why one would avoid printing the input length for a file that is made publicly available. Second, it is convenient in many contexts, such as database entries or in software (such as git ), for the hash to be a fixed length. Including an extra value that can be of variable length would complicate those use cases. However, the length value could simply be dropped and they would be no worse off than they are currently. Historically on UNIX, password hashing was treated differently from checksumming files— the crypt() function 12 was used for passwords while sum and later cksum were used to confirm a file's integrity. So even rather early on, these two use cases employed algorithms with different properties, but I haven't dived into the history deeply enough to know how intentional this was. My discussion in this episode focuses on the file use case, so understand that I'm largely avoiding the topic of password hashing. Digital signatures are yet another use case, one that I'm ignoring entirely. Every few years, some security researcher declares a particular hash algorithm to be "broken" and that everyone should move over to a new one, which generally has a longer hash. While the larger hash space certainly reduces the opportunity for collisions, this disrupts workflows, such as publishing information about software releases by e-mail, which still tends to observe a 78-character limit on each line 13 , making it harder to include a list of hashes with filenames next to them. This is in addition to the work of modifying software and scripts to use the new algorithm and managing how to treat past data. It seems to me that publishing the input length along with the hash would make it far more difficult to craft a malicious input that matches both, but I haven't found discussion of that during my investigation. (See the Appendix for a possible implementation.) Perhaps someone listening can record a response episode for HPR explaining that. References: Payment card number https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number Ethernet frame: Frame check sequence https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame#Frame_check_sequence Cksum specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/cksum.html GNU coreutils manual: sum https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/sum-invocation.html FreeBSD 15.0 sum manual page https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sum&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+15.0-RELEASE+and+Ports 3BSD sum manual page https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=3BSD/usr/man/man1/sum.1 3BSD sum source https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=3BSD/usr/src/cmd/sum.c UNIX/32V sum manual page https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=32V/usr/man/man1/sum.1 UNIX/32V sum source https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=32V/usr/src/cmd/sum.c System III sum manual page https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=SysIII/usr/src/man/man1/sum.1 System III sum source https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=SysIII/usr/src/cmd/sum.c Crypt specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/crypt.html RFC 2822: Internet Message Format: Line Length Limits https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822#section-2.1.1 OpenSSH 10.1 released https://lwn.net/ml/all/dd12623ae86aa5eb@cvs.openbsd.org/ Appendix The MD5 hash algorithm was (and still is) widely used, but many people characterize it as being "broken" and discourage its use. Let us imagine a variant of this, called MD5.L, where the normal MD5 hash is followed by a "." character and the input length expressed as a hexadecimal number. Take, for example, the e-mail message announcing the release of OpenSSH 10.1 14 . At the bottom, it includes an SHA-1 hash and an SHA-2 256-bit hash for the available gzipped tar files. That longer hash is encoded with Base64 because if it were given as a hexadecimal number, it would make the line longer than 78 bytes. The MD5.L hash of the file would be one character shorter than the SHA-1 hash, as shown below. (The extra length of the name makes them both consume the same number of characters. The hashes shown are for the "portable" version of OpenSSH.) Some people claim SHA-1 is also broken, seeking to have people use newer and longer hash functions. For an attacker to compromise MD5.L in this example, they would not only have to create a valid tar file compressed with gzip containing a malicious payload having the right MD5 hash, that file would have to be exactly 1,972,831 bytes long (the decimal equivalent of 1e1a5f). While there are still many possible inputs that could be tried (256 1972831 , to be exact*), this is far fewer than the infinite possibilities for plain MD5, SHA-1, or SHA-2. If for some reason it is super important to have a fixed hash length, let's imagine another variation called MD5+L. In this one, instead of L being the input length, it is the input length modulo one terabyte (2 40 bytes), which can be represented by 10 hexadecimal characters, left-padded with zeros. While this approach substantially increases the number of possible inputs an attacker could try, it is likely that an intended victim would notice that the file they downloaded is larger (or smaller) than expected by that much. The MD5+L hash is longer than a SHA-1 hash, but still shorter than a 256-bit SHA-2 hash. SHA1 (openssh-10.1p1.tar.gz) = 7fd17b99d1beffb47cd380d64079e920bb0bd91f SHA256 (openssh-10.1p1.tar.gz) = ufx6K4JXlGem8vQ+SoHI4d/aYU3bT5slWq/XAgu/B1g= MD5.L (openssh-10.1p1.tar.gz) = 80dd9bb00a86519934710d05903fdf07.1e1a5f MD5+L (openssh-10.1p1.tar.gz) = 80dd9bb00a86519934710d05903fdf07+00001e1a5f Of course, if MD5 is considered to be too weak even with the inclusion of the length, one could produce a ".L" or "+L" version of any hash function. However, longer hashes will end up running into the 78-character limit. *This is a number with 4.75 million digits that the bc utility on my laptop took almost 5 minutes to calculate. Provide feedback on this episode.
In a previous post, I explain why the universe is probably not stable, but nevertheless unlikely to be intentionally destroyable even in the limit of advanced technology. Now let's turn our attention to more prosaic risks where exotic physics merely destroys the Solar System, Earth, or just outperforms traditional nuclear weapons on some more local scale. The basic logic behind any bomb is a self-sustaining chain reaction, in which a carrier converts a unit of fuel and comes out the other side in surplus: Two conditions make this run away. The reaction must release energy, so the products are more stable than the fuel; and each reaction must produce more carrier than it consumes, so that one reaction seeds the next. A practical third condition is that cannot be so unstable that it decays before the bomb is assembled. False vacuum decay is the ultimate bomb: is the false vacuum, the empty space we currently inhabit, and is the true vacuum. Because the supply of false vacuum is effectively unlimited, the reaction grows without bound and destroys the universe. Fission bombs run on the same principle at a more prosaic scale. Consider uranium-235. This [...] ---Outline:(03:19) Nuclei are probably, but not definitely, stable within the Standard Model(08:11) Positively charged strangelets are safe, neutral strangelets are not(11:34) Strangelets would be hard to make(13:33) Exotic physics could permit ways to destroy protons, but not autocatalytically(16:01) Other forms of matter offer no plausible chain reaction(18:50) Tiny black holes are not scary(20:04) Conclusion: There are no super-weapons between the nuclear bomb and false vacuum decay(21:56) Appendix 1: Igniting the Atmosphere(27:53) Optically thick ignition(29:09) Appendix 2: Let's throw a strangelet into the sun(29:21) Neutral strangelet(32:56) Positive strangelet(33:58) Bonus: neutral strangelet meets Earth The original text contained 5 footnotes which were omitted from this narration. --- First published: July 3rd, 2026 Source: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/cBnCCKwwjQ4zZpeNQ/don-t-fear-the-strangelet --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
VR36 - In Mullin v Doe, Samuel Alito just proudly stripped Temporary Protected Status from more than one million people who were lawfully living and working in the US as of the time of the decision--and all on the shadow docket, without even waiting for the full merits of the case to be heard. We go deep today on what may go down as his single worst majority opinion to consider Alito's explanations of how some of the most disgustingly racist things a sitting US president has ever said in public (most of which were in support of his decision to terminate TPS for Haitians) couldn't have possibly related to why Trump decided to terminate TPS for Haitians. We close with a quick look at Clarence Thomas's concurrence iin which he yearns for a return to simple times when the federal government was not expected to provide equal protection under the law to anyone--but most especially not immigrants. Mullin v. Doe (June 25, 2026)(Alito, J.) Appendix with emails filed into Mullin v. Doe (June 16, 2026) Mullin v. Doe oral argument transcript (April 29, 2026) Memorandum Opinion, Miot v. Trump, D.C. Dist. Ct. #25-cv-02471 (Feb 26, 2026)(Reyes, J.)
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Nick's in the hospital after an emergency appendectomy. Maybe he'd have had more warning if he had used the new (as of roughly 1990) Super Doppler Radar. You may be thinking "how could doppler radar possibly predict appendicitis?", and you'd be right to do so. But this is Super Doppler. It can do anything. Probably.
Kinsella on Liberty Podcast: Episode 491. https://youtu.be/lfjpoKCWBDA I've known Paul Cwik, Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive and fellow of the Mises Institute since I started attending the Austrian Scholars Conference in 1995. He is an Austrian and libertarian of sorts but had some qualms with my anti-IP writing so presented a paper "Is There Room for Intellectual Property Rights in Austrian Economics?" at the Austrian Scholars Conference in 2008, which I attended and commented on. After 18 years we finally decided to get around to talking about this. I had planned on an hour but we ended up talking for 3. It turns out we were old friends but not that close; we didn't know much about each other. So the first 30-50 minutes or so is more preliminary discussion. To his credit, he read a good deal of the huge deluge of material I sent to read up on and asked many very good questions. He did not engage in intentional equivocation that is characteristic of many on the pro-IP side, and he was reasonable in conceding many of my points and was willing to ponder my push back. I was hoping to get him to see the light, since I have in person seen many people change their minds on IP after a long discussion but have never had it happen while recording. We did not resolve the issue, partly because we just didn't have enough time to keep going, but I think we made some progress. Maybe we will have a Part 2 later. Who knows. For now, some relevant links pertaining to some of the topics discussed. I will organize this better later. (Not to be confused with Bryan Cwik, who also has opinions on IP: “Good Ideas is Pretty Scarce”; Bryan Cwik, "Property Rights in Non‐rival Goods" (2, 3, 4); "Labor as the Basis for Intellectual Property Rights" (2; 3); Gamrot, Labor as the Basis for Intellectual Property Rights: Against Cwik.) IP Proponents Do Not Even Know The Difference Between Patent, Copyright, Trademark … Types of Intellectual Property It is impossible to own ideas Intellectual Property Rights as Negative Servitudes The “Ontology” Mistake of Libertarian Creationists See the Appendix to What Libertarianism Is: section “Concept and Definition of “Property”” The Structural Unity of Real and Intellectual Property Gamrot, Labor as the Basis for Intellectual Property Rights: Against Cwik The “Ontology” Mistake of Libertarian Creationists Objectivists: “All Property is Intellectual Property” A Recurring Fallacy: “IP is a Purer Form of Property than Material Resources” New Working Paper: Machan on IP “Aggression” versus “Harm” in Libertarianism Kinsella v. Schulman on Logorights and IP The Nature, Properties, and Characteristics of Goods (Igloo Coolers case) Fraud, Restitution, and Retaliation: The Libertarian Approach Libertarian Answer Man: Bitcoin and Fraud KOL274 | Nobody Owns Bitcoin (PFS 2019) On Property Rights in Superabundant Bananas and Property Rights as Normative Support for Possession Libertarian Answer Man: Self-ownership for slaves and Crusoe; and Yiannopoulos on Accurate Analysis and the term “Property”; Mises distinguishing between juristic and economic categories of “ownership” There are No Good Arguments for Intellectual Property Defamation as a Type of Intellectual Property (and trademark) KOL207 | Patent, Copyright, and Trademark Are Not About Plagiarism, Theft, Fraud, or Contract KOL020 | “Libertarian Legal Theory: Property, Conflict, and Society: Lecture 3: Applications I: Legal Systems, Contract, Fraud” (Mises Academy, 2011) Copying vs. Plagiarism: A Recent Illustration—Grau vs. Hernandez on Milei Re the practice of attribution and credit: see Stephan Kinsella, “Mises, Rothbard, Hoppe: An Indispensable Framework,” in Rothbard at 100: A Tribute and Assessment, Stephan Kinsella and Hans-Hermann Hoppe, eds. (Houston: Papinian Press and Property and Freedom Society, 2026), in the section “Excursus: The Role of Ideas in Human Action” “Copying, Patent Infringement, Copyright Infringement are not “Theft”, Stealing, Piracy, Plagiarism, Knocking Off, Ripping Off“ Intellectual Property Rights as Negative Servitudes Stop calling patent and copyright “property”; stop calling copying “theft” and “piracy” IP Proponents Do Not Even Know The Difference Between Patent, Copyright, Trademark … Fraud: A Libertarian Theory of Contract: Title Transfer, Binding Promises, and Inalienability, Part III.E “The Title-Transfer Theory of Contract,” Part IV.C Labor and Leisure Rothbard on the Main Fallacy of our Time: Marx's Labor Theory of Value KOL037 | Locke's Big Mistake: How the Labor Theory of Property Ruined Political Theory “Hume on Intellectual Property and the Problematic “Labor” Metaphor” Cordato and Kirzner on Intellectual Property Labor, Value, Metaphors, Locke, Intellectual Property Concise Tweet on the Problem with IP Against Intellectual Property After Twenty Years: Looking Back and Looking Forward: Part IV.D: "Overreliance on “labor” metaphors also leads to confusion about IP. Locke correctly argued that the first person to “mix his labor with” an unowned resource owns it, since he thereby establishes an objective link to the resource which gives him a better claim to it than latecomers.[55] However, Locke based his argument on the confused and unnecessary idea that a person “owns” his labor and “therefore” owns resources that he mixes it with. But labor is not owned—it is an action, something a person performs with his body, which he does own—and this assumption is not needed for the Lockean labor-mixture argument to work.[56] This mistaken notion leads some people to favor IP because they figure that if you own a scarce resource because you mix your labor with it, you also own useful ideas that are produced with your labor. The related Smith-Ricardo-Marx labor theory of value, which underlies Marxism and socialism, is also sometimes used to support IP, as when people argue that if you work or labor, you “deserve” some kind of reward or profit. All this focus on labor must be rejected as overly metaphorical and confused, and, frankly, Marxian.[57]" On Libertarian Legal Theory, Self-Ownership and Drug Laws: p. 632 Libertarianism After Fifty Years: What Have We Learned?, p. 687 Creationism: Libertarian and Lockean Creationism: Creation As a Source of Wealth, not Property Right Libertarian Creationism KOL012 | “The Intellectual Property Quagmire, or, The Perils of Libertarian Creationism,” Austrian Scholars Conference 2008 KOL037 | Locke's Big Mistake: How the Labor Theory of Property Ruined Political Theory Part III.C.2 C. Contract and Fraud Arguments for IP Fraud and Plagiarism “Copying, Patent Infringement, Copyright Infringement are not “Theft”, Stealing, Piracy, Plagiarism, Knocking Off, Ripping Off“ IP by Contract I discuss problems with the contractual argument for IP in: Kinsella (2008, pp. 51–55) — Against Intellectual Property Kinsella, April 8, 2025. “KOL458 | Patent and Copyright versus Innovation, Competition, and Property Rights (APEE 2025).” Kinsella on Liberty Podcast. Link Kinsella, Law and Intellectual Property in a Stateless Society, Part III.C Against Intellectual Property After Twenty Years: Looking Back and Looking Forward, n.46 June 13, 2021. “Richard O. Hammer: Intellectual Property Rights Viewed As Contracts.” C4SIF Blog. https://c4sif.org/2021/06/richard-o-hammer-intellectual-property-rights-viewed-as-contracts/ 2023t, Stephan Kinsella on the Logic of Libertarianism and Why Intellectual Property Doesn't Exist, text at n.52 Jan. 8, 2025. “David Gordon on IP.” C4SIF Blog. https://c4sif.org/2025/01/david-gordon-on-ip/ See also Wendy McElroy's perceptive comments on this issue in Kinsella (March 19, 2013). “McElroy: ‘On the Subject of Intellectual Property' (1981).” C4SIF Blog. Link Bouckaert (1990, pp. 795 & 804–805). Bouckaert, Boudewijn (1990). “What is Property?” Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 13, no. 3: 775–816 (attached) Related Links Hoppe on Intellectual Property The Universal Principles of Liberty A Selection of my Best Articles and Speeches on IP Key Works The Problem with Intellectual Property (2025) “Intellectual Property and Libertarianism”, Mises Daily (Nov. 17, 2009). Concise case against IP. An Overview of Libertarian Property Rights and the Case Against IP (from KOL341) How To Think About Property “The Overwhelming Empirical Case Against Patent and Copyright” Other Recommended KOL483 | The Economics and Ethics of Intellectual Property, Loyola University—New Orleans (a very good recent overview) KOL 037 | Locke's Big Mistake: How the Labor Theory of Property Ruined Political Theory Shownotes/Topical Summary (Grok) Stephan Kinsella with Paul Cwik • 2 hours 56 minutes In this nearly 3-hour conversation, Stephan Kinsella and economist Paul Cwik explore their personal histories, shared libertarian and Austrian foundations, and engage in a detailed, respectful debate on intellectual property — particularly copyright. Kinsella lays out his principled case against IP while Cwik defends copyright (but rejects patents). Timestamps & Detailed Summary 0:02 – Introduction and Casual Catch-Up Kinsella and Cwik greet each other and set the stage. Cwik explains he has wanted to discuss IP with Kinsella for years because their views differ. He notes he has persuaded people in person on IP and hopes to document the conversation. They acknowledge this is not a typical Kinsella podcast. 1:38 – How Long Have They Known Each Other? They reminisce about Mises Institute events. Kinsella's first was in 1990; Cwik started attending in 1995. They recall the Austrian Scholars Conferences and the tight-knit Austrian community at Auburn in the 1990s. ...
Audio of "The Poverty of Philosophy" by Karl Marx, published in 1847. Read online at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/ (including pdf and docx). Recording based on https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Poverty_of_Philosophy See the article on it here https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-05-05/our-reference-points-1-debunking-religion-class-struggle And study notes: https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2019-04-11/poverty-philosophy-notes-study-sessions Contents and (approximate) timestamps: 00:00 Translator's foreword; Preface by Engels from 1884; Author's Preface Chapter 1 — A Scientific Discovery: 43:05 Ch. 1 Section 1 — Opposition of Utility Value to Exchange Value 1:09:04 Ch. 1 Section 2 — Constituted or Synthetic Value 2:03:10 Ch. 1 Section 3 — Application of the Law of the Proportion of Value: (a) Money, (b) Surplus Labour Chapter 2 — The Metaphysics of Political Economy: 2:54:39 Ch. 2 Section 1 — The Method 3:42:35 Ch. 2 Section 2 — The Division of Labor and Machinery 4:19:37 Ch. 2 Section 3 — Competition and Monopoly 4:37:58 Ch. 2 Section 4 — Property and Rent 5:02:48 Ch. 2 Section 5 — Strikes and the Combination of Workmen Appendices: 5:20:17 Appendix 1 — Proudhon Judged by Marx 5:39:14 Appendix 2 — John Gray and his Theory of Labor Notes 5:47:50 Appendix 3 — Free Trade #2 from Marxist points of reference: a reading list https://workersliberty.org/marxist-points-reference-reading-list Playlist of recordings from that list here https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a Audiobook public domain from librivox; music public domain. Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Get a look into the minds of the Kingmaker characters and find out never-before-heard details about things like Eisen's relationship with his brothers, Colette's favourite disguises, Telesphore's best recipes, Holzmann's campaign promises, and Ariadne's advice on how to be a better torturer. Transcript Link Written by Meg Molloy Tuten, Addison Peacock, Henry Galley, and Josh Rubino Cast in order of appearance- Addison Peacock - Ariadne Bradley Gareth - Holzmann Taqi Nazeer - Eisen Blythe Renay - Colette Josh Rubino - Telesphore Music Used: Typewriter Song - Mac Taboel Swinging in Paris - Daniel Fridell Le Chat Noir - Lucas Pittman Bouncy Dance - Daniel Fridell Everybody is Welcome- Sight of Wonders My Kitchen is My Kingdom - Stationary Sign Mama Swing - Lucas Pittman The Motel in Luxembourg - par Freezing Hands Meet Piano - Harry Edvino Socials: Bluesky Youtube Patreon Instagram Tumblr Donate to the fundraiser for season 4
This episode is part 36 in a series going through the story of the Book of Mormon.This episode covers chapters 11 of the book of 3 Nephi. The surviving righteous people gather outside a temple in the land Bountiful and recollect their recent experiences. Suddenly, a voice from heaven says something twice but they don't understand it. The third time a voice says something that sounds like God the Father at Jesus' baptism. Then, Jesus in a white garment descends from the sky and lands among the people.Jesus tells the people who he is and invites them to feel the wounds in his resurrected body. Then, he teaches them the correct form of baptism so that there would be no disputations among his followers. Let's see what the Jesus of the Book of Mormon says that sounds similar to verses in the New Testament and what sounds like intentional edits.Sources cited:"Appendix 3: 'Articles of the Church of Christ,' June 1829," The Joseph Smith Papers.Further research:Book of Mormon in videoJoseph Smith: The Prophet of the RestorationThe Book of Mormon online: 3 Nephi [chapter 11]Have questions for Truthspresso? Contact us!
Welcome back to the Act ASAP Podcast.Over the course of this book, we've explored an important truth:Preparedness is not about having the perfect plan.It's about developing the leadership, communication, and resilience needed to navigate uncertainty with confidence.In today's episode, I share the Appendix from my upcoming book, Why Plans Don't Prepare You: What Real Readiness Looks Like When Leadership Is Tested.Titled Leadership Tools for Immediate Readiness, this appendix is designed to help you move from understanding to action.Whether you lead a family, a business, a nonprofit organization, a school, or a community group, these practical tools can help you strengthen readiness starting today.In this episode, we discuss:• leadership readiness tools• practical preparedness actions• continuity planning strategies• communication readiness• operational resilience• building confidence through preparationToo often, people believe they need more time, more resources, or a better plan before they begin.The reality is that readiness starts with a single decision.The decision to act.Because preparedness is not a destination.It is a leadership practice.And leadership begins long before disruption arrives.
To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health 00:00:00 - Intro - Breast Cancer - Tumor pictures 00:14:24 - Hypothyroidism 00:42:14 - Adrenal Glandular Help 01:28:40 - Question on Blood and Regeneration 01:38:25 - Lipedema 01:43:36 - Removed Appendix - Eustachian Tube 00:14:24 - Hypothyroidism I worry that my daughters may inherit these problems. 00:42:14 - Adrenal Glandular Help It feels like my body is dependent on them. 01:28:40 - Question on Blood and Regeneration My question concerns blood (plasma) transfusions from young people to elderly adults. 01:38:25 - Lipedema I'd like some advice about lipedema and eating only fruit. 01:43:36 - Removed Appendix - Eustachian Tube I have been very curious as to what the implications of not having an appendix are.
Women raise just 2% of venture capital. Naseem is on a mission to move that number and she has some uncomfortable truths about why women keep losing the room before they've even pitched. Naseem spent years at BCG Digital Ventures as one of just two female partners out of forty-five worldwide, sitting in boardrooms where capital flowed freely everywhere except towards women. She left to co-found Emmeline Ventures, a seed-stage fund backing female founders in health tech, financial services, and sustainability, and now works with female founders to fundraise and scale innovation. We explore: - Why women still get called "abrasive" while men get called "proactive", and the BCG experiment that proved the bias was real - The pitching reframe that rewires your brain so you can tell the story investors need to hear: "Lead with money. Put the empathy in the appendix." - Why picking up the coffee cups, taking the notes, and finishing sentences with an upward inflection is costing women deals, and promotions - The IVF journey that reshaped Naseem's career, purpose, and view on health tech for women (female founders in healthcare knew more about her body than her doctor did) - How to build investor relationships to fundraise successfully (how men raise $10M over a weekend, and why you aren't) - Why "abundance" is a strategy, not a vibe Chapters 00:00 The 2% problem: why women still aren't getting the capital 02:00 Inside BCG: politics, lobbying for promotions, and life as the lone female partner 05:00 The newborn moment that ended her consulting career 07:30 Job descriptions, performance reviews, and the experiments that actually moved the needle 10:30 Confidence, the cups, and the notebook trap 14:00 Why women don't talk about money — and the deconditioning we owe ourselves 16:30 "Lead with money. Put the empathy in the appendix." 22:00 IVF, female health, and the capital disparity she couldn't unsee 27:00 Building Emmeline Ventures and changing where capital flows 31:00 Building investor trust before you need it. Living in abundance. Connect with Naseem: Her Linkedin Her Podcast "The Capital Flex Podcast" Connect with me:IG: https://www.instagram.com/whereboundariesdissolvepodcast/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@helena.arjuna?_t=8oSbtTilPSQ&_r=1LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenasuter/ Support the show
Yesterday both Joe and Jed interviewed Jason Derulo. Ashley had a task that she wanted them to get done during the interview - but were they able to fit it inSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
There is a short window to prevent a US bill that would overturn decades of animal welfare progress. This is arguably the most consequential piece of farm animal legislation in U.S. history. Summary The Farm Bill currently being considered by the U.S. Congress includes the “Save Our Bacon Act”, which would eliminate states' abilities to set standards on how farmed animals are raised and treated¹, and void existing state animal welfare laws. If passed into law, it would undo decades of animal welfare progress, and greatly reduce opportunities for future animal welfare wins. The Farm Bill has passed the House with the Save Our Bacon Act (SOB) included, and it will soon be considered by the Senate. This is the biggest legislative threat to farmed animal welfare in U.S. history, and preventing the Save Our Bacon Act from passing Congress is the highest impact opportunity to help animals that there has been in years. If you do anything to help animals this year, it should be helping with this. Call script, email templates, and more here. What to do Easiest, highest priority action (5 min): Call and email both your senators, and ask them to publicly [...] ---Outline:(00:21) Summary(01:15) What to do(04:55) Higher-effort actions(07:22) Context on the Save Our Bacon (SOB) Act(07:28) What is the Save Our Bacon (SOB) Act?(08:23) What would be this laws effect on animal welfare?(10:08) What is SOBs status in Congress?(10:57) Strategy(11:00) What are the goals?(11:44) Which Senators would be the highest impact to persuade to oppose SOB?(13:04) How to talk about this with different audiences(17:00) Footnotes(17:07) Appendix(17:10) More details on the goals(18:32) Which Senators would be the highest impact to persuade to oppose SOB? --- First published: May 4th, 2026 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/vsYphZaBcXpmtNizp/if-you-do-one-thing-for-animals-this-year-do-this-1 --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO.
Send me a text! I'd LOVE to hear your feedback on this episode!You've probably been told your appendix and tonsils are basically optional. I don't buy that — and the research backs me up.In this episode I break down the full story on two of the most dismissed organs in the body. What they actually do, why they matter more than you've been told, what drives removal, and what can shift afterward — plus how to support yourself whether you still have them or not.Your appendix is an active microbiome reservoir that helps reseed your gut after illness, infection, or antibiotics, and plays a direct role in IgA immune regulation. Your tonsils are your immune system's first line of defense — tied to your oral microbiome, lymphatic drainage, airway mechanics, and vagus nerve tone. These are not evolutionary leftovers. They are functional, living parts of systems your body depends on daily.I cover what actually drives appendicitis and tonsil failure, the connection to dysbiosis and chronic inflammation, and what people notice after removal — gut reactivity, anxiety, shifted gut-brain signaling, and immune changes. I also walk through the practical tools that support your body on both sides — fibre, prebiotics, polyphenols, gut barrier support, warm salt water gargling, nasal breathing, tongue posture, anti-inflammatory nutrition, hydration, and nervous system regulation.I also explore the somatic and energetic layer — safety and intuition with the appendix, and voice, truth, and boundaries with the tonsils. Science and soul, together.This is Part 2 of 2. Part 1 covers the gallbladder and uterus — two more organs dismissed as optional that your body would strongly disagree with. Listen to Part 1 here: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcaJoin here: Sandy K Inner Circle Join me here: Sandy K Inner CircleSupport the showJoin The Sandy K Inner Circle -- my private women-only subscription community where we go deeper than the podcast ever could.Every month you get:A live Q&A with Sandy on ZoomAn exclusive podcast episode nobody else hearsA practical curated downloadAccess to our private women-only Facebook community for wide open discussions on all topicsNo agendas. No noise. No bias. No trendy health advice from those who pay for their platforms. No medical advice. Real conversations you will not find anywhere else.Founding member spots are limited at $47 CAD/month.Join us here: sandykruse.substack.comFor women only. By invitation.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sandyknutrition/Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/sandyknutritionTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@sandyknutritionYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIh48ov-SgbSUXsVeLL2qAgRumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-5461001Linkedin: ...
Here is the Sunday School lesson I taught this Sunday. Jehovah's Witnesses argue that Jesus died on an upright stake with no crossbeam. His hands were nailed together above his head. This is because the Greek words stauros and xulon only mean one piece of timber.They're actually right about what those words literally mean. Does that mean Jesus didn't die on a cross? Let's look at some evidence from the Bible and historical works before Constantine that strongly suggest a cross beam.Sources Cited:"Did Jesus Die on a Cross?" JW.org.New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. "Cross, Crucifixion" (pp. 245-246).The Imperial Bible-Dictionary, vol. 1., s.v. "Cross."E. W. Bullinger, The Companion Bible, Appendix 162 ("The Cross and Crucifixion").William Wood Seymour, The Cross in Tradition, History, and Art (pp. 54,64,73,75).Frederick Zugibe, The Crucifixion of Jesus: A Forensic Inquiry, 2nd ed. (New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc., 2005), 104."The Epistle of Barnabas," NewAdvent.org."Dialogue with Trypho (Chapters 89-108)," NewAdvent.org.Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Book VII.Artemidorus Daldianus, Oneirocritica 1:76.Lucian, Trial in the Court of Vowels, 12.4-13."The Alexamenos Graffito," ChristianIconography.info."The Staurogram," Biblical Archaeology Society, September 30, 2025.Patrick Young, "Early Christian Symbols: Staurogram," Forgotten Christianity on Substack, March 20, 2026."The Cross - Is it Biblical?" JW.org.Scriptures Referenced:Matthew 27:37John 20:24-25John 21:18-19John 19:31-33Mark 15:441 Corinthians 1:18,23We value your feedback!Have questions for Truthspresso? Contact us!
Dr. Sheehan Fisher's entire career has been focused on the mothers and fathers unique contributions to the family and child health, with a specialization in the emerging field of father mental health. As a clinical psychologist at Northwestern, he has a heart for helping dads understand the effects of psychosocial stress on their mood, parenting, and ultimately infant/child health outcomes. His expert advice and wisdom will be a gift to dads who listen.
This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This series is dedicated to exploring little-known—and occasionally useful—trinkets lurking in the dusty corners of UNIX-like operating systems. Let me start by admitting that I've never actually seen the film referenced in the episode title, but I couldn't resist using it anyway. If you've used the UNIX command line to any extent, chances are good that you are familiar with the kill command. A common use is to terminate a misbehaving program. But there is more behind how kill works, including a curio you might not know about. The kill utility works by sending a "signal" to the targeted process. This signal is selected from a pre-defined list, and triggers the process to interrupt its normal flow and handle the signal before potentially returning back to its work. This "signal handler" can do whatever activities are written in its code, but typically it will take actions connected to the purpose of the specific signal received. One option is for the process not to have a signal handler at all; in that case, there is a default action that the operating system will take on behalf of the process, depending on what the signal is. The possible default actions are to terminate the process, take some implementation-defined action (usually writing a core file to disk) and then terminate the process, stop (pause) execution of the process, continue execution of a stopped process, or ignore the signal. By default, kill sends the TERM signal to the process, an indicator that it should terminate. Each signal has a name and a number assigned to it; SIGTERM is the name of the "terminate" signal. You can use the -s option with the name to choose which signal to send. The 'kill' command is specified to take these names without the SIG prefix, though some implementations will accept them either way. Also, kill is supposed to be case-insensitive when it comes to these names, but the convention is to write them in all upper case. The assigned numbers for signals can vary depending on the operating system, and on Linux, depending on what processor architecture you're on. However, there is a short list of signals 1 that have a stable number assigned to them. Despite this, I recommend using the signal name in your scripts to make them clearer and to ensure maximum portability to different systems. Well-behaved programs will have a signal handler that responds to the TERM signal by stopping what they are doing, cleaning up any open resources like temporary files, and promptly exiting. However, not every program behaves well, so sometimes it becomes necessary to send them the KILL signal. This one is special and cannot be handled or ignored by the program 2 ; the operating system will immediately terminate the program, possibly leaving a mess behind. Two other signals that can come in handy sometimes are STOP and CONT. As you might expect, STOP forces a process to pause in the middle of whatever it was doing. Its counterpart, CONT (short for "continue"), causes it to resume execution. This can be useful if a program consumes CPU time when not actually doing anything worthwhile—sending it the STOP signal will end that, and when you're ready to use it again, CONT will cause it to pick up right where it left off. Like the KILL signal, STOP cannot be handled or ignored by the program. I have used this to pause the game FreeCiv when I wanted to break away to do something else, but didn't want to have to deal with exiting my current game and having to reload it later. Take note, though, that the program might get confused if it expects the system clock not to suddenly jump forward, as that is exactly how the situation will appear to it. Network connections or other resources the process is using that change while it is stopped are other potential trouble spots. Also be aware that a stopped graphical program will not update its window, so I find it best to minimize the window before stopping it and then continuing the process before trying to raise the window again. Programs are not necessarily required to interpret signals in the way they are described. For example, the HUP signal was originally intended to be sent when a modem or serial connection hang-up occurred. Today, some daemons use it for other purposes and take a specific action in response. For example, the Apache web server will restart 3 , and NetworkManager will reload its configuration 4 . These uses of signals are usually described in the daemon's manual page, often in a separate section dedicated to signals. While all this background might be interesting (or maybe not), it's pretty commonly known, so isn't really a curio. Our UNIX Curio for today is the "0" signal. This is actually not a signal at all; instead, it tells the kill utility to just check for the existence of a process. If the process exists, kill will exit with a status of 0. If it doesn't exist, the exit status will be greater than 0. This provides a handy way to check whether a particular process is still around. A shell command can use this exit status with its control structures like if to take a particular action depending on whether a particular process exists. Somewhat oddly, "0" is both the number and the name of this pseudo-signal. Why would you want to do this? I have used it for a script to analyze log files that runs daily on a web server. Depending on how much traffic the site is getting, the log files can grow to the point where it takes longer than a day for the script to get through them. If a second instance of the script is started while one is still running, it will slow down both and if more keep being added, eventually the machine will run out of memory. My solution was to create a .pid file containing the process ID number of the running script. You might see examples of these if you look in /run or /var/run on your system. The script creates a file named something like "myscript.pid" in this directory containing its own process ID, which can be accessed in the shell with the variable $$ . When my script starts, it checks to see whether this file exists. If so, it uses kill -s 0 $(cat /run/myscript.pid) to see if the previous process still exists. If the process is no longer around, that's a sign that it exited abnormally before it had the chance to delete the .pid file, so the script removes the abandoned .pid file, replaces it with a new one containing the current process ID, and continues with its work. If the previous process is still around, my script exits with a message to that effect. This way, I can be sure that only one instance of the script will ever be running at one time. Be aware that the kill utility might also return a non-zero exit status if the user running it does not have privileges to send a signal to the process with the specified ID. This is not a concern if you are running a script as the root user, but could be if you are not. This can occur even if you aren't actually sending a signal, just using the "0" pseudo-signal to check if a process exists. There is a weakness in this method. UNIX-like systems generally have a limit to the quantity of process ID numbers that can be issued, so they are reused over time. (However, there will never be two processes with the same ID number running at the same time.) Typically, the first process that is run on start-up will be given the ID number 1, and each subsequent process will get the next higher number. Once the maximum is reached, the system starts again at the beginning with the lowest number not in use. It is possible for the script to crash and leave behind the .pid file, then the same process ID could be recycled and actively used for another program, causing a new instance of the script to give up. The chances of this are small enough that for my purposes, it's not worth worrying about. But you should be aware that it could happen. I should also note that it's not strictly necessary to use kill for the purpose I described. The ps utility can also be given a process ID with the -p option; if the process exists, the exit status will be 0, otherwise it will be greater than 0. In this case, you could also use the output to check that the name of the command matches what you expect, helping avoid the problem of a recycled process ID. In addition, ps doesn't concern itself with permissions for sending signals, so it will report on the existence of a process no matter what user you are running it as. From an efficiency standpoint, kill generally requires fewer resources to run (in fact, it is built in to some shells), but functionally ps can also do the job. So keep in mind that kill is capable of doing more than just killing off programs—maybe you can put it to one of these uses for your needs. References: Kill specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/kill.html signal.h specification https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/signal.h.html Stopping and Restarting Apache HTTP Server https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/stopping.html#hup NetworkManager: Signals https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/NetworkManager.html#id-1.2.2.9 Appendix 1 - example script: #!/bin/sh # Use your own unique name here - be sure you can write to this location pidfile="/var/run/myscript.pid" # Exit if previous run hasn't completed yet if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then oldpid=$(cat "$pidfile") if kill -s 0 $oldpid ; then echo "${0}: Not running script, older process $oldpid still active" exit 1 else echo "${0}: Removing old pidfile from nonexistent process $oldpid" rm -f "$pidfile" fi fi # Create pidfile echo $$ > "$pidfile" ## Insert commands to do the actual work of the script here # Remove pidfile rm -f "$pidfile" Appendix 2 - another version of the script using ps instead of kill , checking that an existing process ID is actually the same command, and with extra validation of the contents of the pidfile; perhaps better for use by a non-root user: #!/bin/sh # Use your own unique name here - be sure you can write to this location pidfile="$HOME/myscript.pid" # Exit if previous run hasn't completed yet if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then oldpid=$(( 1 * $(cat "$pidfile") )) if [ -n "$oldpid" ] && [ "$oldpid" -gt 1 ] ; then : else echo "${0}: Not running script, $pidfile contents invalid" exit 1 fi # Test if old process ID exists if oldcmd="$( ps -o comm= -p $oldpid )" && # Also test if command name of old process is same as current script [ "$oldcmd" = "${0##*/}" ] ; then echo "${0}: Not running script, older process $oldpid still active" exit 1 else echo "${0}: Removing old pidfile from nonexistent process $oldpid" rm -f "$pidfile" fi fi # Create pidfile echo $$ > "$pidfile" ## Insert commands to do the actual work of the script here # Remove pidfile rm -f "$pidfile" Provide feedback on this episode.
Send me a text! I'd LOVE to hear your feedback on this episode!“You don't need it” is one of the most casually dismissive sentences in modern wellness. Gallbladder removal and uterus removal are common surgeries, yet many people notice real shifts afterward and they're left trying to understand what changed and why.In Part 1 of this two‑episode series, I break down what the gallbladder and uterus actually do, how to keep them healthy, what can shift after removal, and how to support your wellness with clarity instead of confusion.Gallbladder Removal (Cholecystectomy):• what the gallbladder does: bile timing, fat digestion, fat‑soluble vitamins• why gallbladders fail: rapid weight loss, low‑fat dieting, estrogen shifts, insulin resistance, genetics, GLP‑1 meds (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro)• common symptoms after gallbladder removal: bloating, diarrhea, urgency, fat intolerance• microbiome changes and nutrient absorption• myths people hear after surgery• practical supports: bitter greens, hydration, magnesium, digestive enzymes with lipase + ox bileUterus Removal (Hysterectomy):• why the uterus is far more than a reproductive organ• pelvic nerves, ovarian blood flow, libido inputs• hormone shifts after uterus removal• progesterone myths, estrogen dominance, painful periods that deserve investigation• emotional and somatic changes some women experience after hysterectomy• how to advocate for hormone testing, gut support, and nervous system regulationIf you've already had gallbladder removal or uterus removal, this episode gives you language, options, and a grounded understanding of what your body may need moving forward.Next week in Part 2: Appendix and Tonsils - what they do, why they matter, and what can shift when they're gone.If this episode helps you, subsJoin here: Sandy K Inner Circle Join me here: Sandy K Inner CircleSupport the showJoin The Sandy K Inner Circle -- my private women-only subscription community where we go deeper than the podcast ever could.Every month you get:A live Q&A with Sandy on ZoomAn exclusive podcast episode nobody else hearsA practical curated downloadAccess to our private women-only Facebook community for wide open discussions on all topicsNo agendas. No noise. No bias. No trendy health advice from those who pay for their platforms. No medical advice. Real conversations you will not find anywhere else.Founding member spots are limited at $47 CAD/month.Join us here: sandykruse.substack.comFor women only. By invitation.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sandyknutrition/Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/sandyknutritionTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@sandyknutritionYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIh48ov-SgbSUXsVeLL2qAgRumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-5461001Linkedin: ...
Double Tap - Ep 458 This episode of Double Tap is brought to you by: C&G Holsters (Code: WLSISLIFE) Gideon Optics (Code: WLSISLIFE) Rost Martin (Code: WLSISLIFE) Night Fision (Code: WLSISLIFE) Blue Alpha Second Call Defense Text Dear WLS or Reviews +1 743 500 2171 Public Show Titles GOA GOALS Aug 1-2 in Iowa. https://goals.goa.org/ GunCon.net Tickets on sale now. Use code AGENCY171 DEAR WLS Question from Clay-more the Merrier As 2026 is the 500th anniversary of Beretta I'd like to know the panel's favorite Italian firearm, food and historical military leader? Question from Anonymous Coward Jon Hey guys wanted to ask you a question regarding hunting, do you think I should get a 22 air rifle (small game) and a crossbow (big game) to cover my hunting needs on both areas or is there a caliber that you guys can recommend that would do both? Thanks and love the show Question from Matthew C Hello, I am a diesel technician in eastern Indiana and work in a very rural and gun friendly area. A few of us in the shop have noticed that the required experience for drivers has been lowered in the last few years and we have all noticed the “quality” of drivers has drastically dropped. We have had upset drivers that come in yelling and screaming after getting fired or not getting their way (most of them are of the non English speaking variety). A few of us have kept pistols in our toolboxes for years. The safety department and upper management tell everyone “it's against company policy”. They are all great bosses and understand what is actually happening. They then talk for 10 minutes about the high end 1911 they keep in their desk. A couple of us have purchased the North American Arms .22 magnum, folding revolvers to pocket carry. They look like a standard pocket knife clip from 5 feet away and no one notices. The single action and 5 shot capacity is less than desirable though. We were talking and arguing over what is the best gun/holster combination that could conceal perfectly and not get caught on equipment. We are all 5'9- 6′ 1″, 160lbs to 220lbs. Not skinny, not fat. Appendix carry is not ideal. We were all thinking less than $700 total setup. The weapons will get beat up and dirty on occasion. What is your thoughts on ankle holsters? We would prefer 9mm. Would combination would you guys recommend? If no decision can be made, our young parts guy is a 21 year old virgin. He is 6′ 5″ and 350lbs. We could always have him rape the driver to death. Just a back up option. We think he may be Jeremy's illegitimate offspring. P.S Thanks to this show, I figured out that my favorite hat is ALSO a Richardson 112. Fat heads for life! Question from Cooter H Nick mentioned cheap 22's on Double Tap last week. Those make rad projects if you're willing to cut up a classic. I just took a Remington 511, cut it to 16”, threaded it for a can, then mounted an old glossy Leupold and stuck it in a surplus Remington 513 stock. What other old guns would the cast bastardize make it cool again? Question from Chris W Hey guys if you had to build a dmr load out what would it be? Semi auto, or bolt? 30-06, .308, or 7mm rem mag? What optics? Noreen arms makes these big ass semi auto rifles and I kind of want one and cant decide. The budget isnt a concern and its going to be a range toy for the most part or until shit hits the fan and I need someone on overwatch. Thanks in advance. Question from Un-ominous Cowword in Your Mom Is Aaron's middle name really Farkas or is that just him slipping(pun intended) a word that sounds like fuck-ass into his social media? Thanks GUN INDUSTRY NEWS GOA: Anti-Gun Lobby Attacks Organization as Extremists for Second Amendment Advocacy Gun Owners of America (GOA) reports that the billionaire-funded gun-control lobby is labeling the organization as extremists due to its uncompromising stance on restoring Second Amendment rights nationwide. The article contrasts GOA's grassroots support with the anti-gun lobby's scare tactics and political compromises. It urges readers to join GOA to support the ongoing fight against gun control. Not Stated Not Stated UTG Pro Extended Cocking Handle for MP5 and MP5K UTG Pro, part of Leapers, Inc., has released a USA-made extended cocking handle designed for MP5 and MP5K platforms. The one-piece steel accessory features a 1-inch extension with textured grip for improved control, especially for larger hands and ambidextrous use. It is optimized for UTG PRO Monolithic M-LOK handguards and compatible with most 9mm receiver MP5, MP5K, and clones. Henry Repeating Arms Bear's Leg Pistol (H9, H10, H12) Henry Repeating Arms released the Bear's Leg Pistol, a modern lever-action pistol inspired by the classic Mare's Leg from Steve McQueen's ‘Wanted: Dead or Alive.' It features updated X Model furniture, threaded barrel for suppressors, and calibers including .357 Mag, .44 Mag, .30-30 Win, and .45-70 Gov't. The design supports customization with M-LOK slots, Picatinny rails, and SBR conversion where legally permitted. Radian Weapons Afterburner + Ramjet for Glock Gen 6 G19/G45 Radian Weapons has released the Afterburner + Ramjet (AB+RJ) barrel-and-compensator system specifically engineered for Glock Gen 6 pistols, initially for G19 and G45 models with G17 to follow. The system addresses Gen 6 barrel geometry differences for safe compatibility, providing reduced recoil, improved muzzle control, and match-grade accuracy. It features a threadless design with precision machining and is now shipping from retailers.101 Hi-Point Firearms HUSH-POINT Multi-Caliber Flow-Through Suppressor Hi-Point Firearms debuted a new additive-manufactured, multi-caliber flow-through suppressor added to the HUSH-POINT line at the 2026 NRA Annual Meetings & Exhibits. It supports calibers from .17 HMR to .30-06 with advanced flow-through technology for reduced back-pressure, available in Titanium 64 (10.5 oz) or Inconel 718 (14.5 oz) at 7″ length x 1.75″ diameter. The suppressor features direct thread or HUB/QD mounts, includes two stainless steel adapters, and is made in Ohio with a lifetime warranty. Vortex Veil 400 Thermal Monocular The Vortex Veil 400 is the company's first thermal monocular, featuring a 400×300 resolution detector with 12μm pixel pitch and 50Hz refresh rate for sharp imaging. It offers 2.3x base magnification with digital zoom up to 4x, a 1100-yard detection range, and includes 4 color palettes, 3 viewing modes, and photo/video capture. Powered by a rechargeable 18650 battery, it weighs 13.3 oz and measures 4.9 inches in length. Mantis Titan X Smart Laser Training Pistol The Mantis Titan X is a dry-fire laser training pistol designed for realistic pistol training, particularly magazine changes, featuring a resetting trigger, integrated MantisX sensor, and Bluetooth connectivity to the MantisX app for performance analytics. It mimics a Glock 19 form factor, fits standard Glock holsters, and includes weighted magazines that simulate loaded ammo weight for reload drills. Released in late 2025 after SHOT Show debut, it enables high-volume home training without live ammunition.4637 FLUX Defense Gen 2 Holster for Raider 365 Chassis FLUX Defense introduced a Gen 2 holster for the Raider 365 chassis at NRAAM 2026, designed to convert a SIG P365 pistol into a PDW. The holster features adjustable height options and adjustable retention. It is available for purchase on the manufacturer's website. Before we let you go – JOIN GUN OWNERS OF AMERICA We'd love if you supported the show, join Agency 171 at agency171.com. Lot's of prizes, rewards and kick ass swag. No matter how tough your battle is today, we want you here fight with us tomorrow. Don't struggle in silence, you can contact the suicide prevention line by dialing 988 from your phone. Remember – Always prefer Dangerous Freedom over peaceful slavery. We'll see you next time! Nick – @busbuiltsystems | Bus Built Systems Jeremy – @ret_actual | Rivers Edge Tactical Aaron – @machinegun_moses Savage – @savage1r Shawn – @dangerousfreedomyt | @camorado.cam | Camorado
In which we come to learn how the Sundered City earned its name, and who, in the feud between the Houses, was ultimately to blame. Microscope Chronicle by Ben Robbins: https://www.lamemage.com/microscope-chronicle/ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/unexploredcast Follow us on Tumblr: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/ Art by Ben Prevas Music by Andrew: https://andrewperricone.bandcamp.com/ Transcripts: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/transcripts
Joel Embiid has had many different injuries for the Sixers, but this is his first appendicitis. Joel Embiid had surgery on Thursday, just hours before the game against the Rockets. The Sixers will likely be without him for the play in and first round of the playoffs, if they make it. We talk about the situation, and the loss to the Rockets. Donate to Spike's Walk For Paws fundraiser for the BVSPCA here: https://secure.qgiv.com/event/2026walkforpaws/account/2277596/The Rights To Ricky Sanchez is presented by Draft Kings SportsbookGet 20% off any Body Bio order with the code in the podcast.LL Pavorsky Jewelers is where Rights To Ricky Sanchez listeners go and get engaged.Surfside Iced Tea and Vodka is the official canned cocktail of The Ricky.Gambling Problem? Call one eight hundred GAMBLER or one eight hundred MY RESET. New York: call eight seven seven eight HOPENY or text HOPENY. Connecticut: call eight eight eight seven eight nine seven seven seven seven or visit CCPG dot org. On behalf of Boot Hill Casino in Kansas. Wager tax pass-through may apply in Illinois. Twenty one plus in most states. Void in Ontario. Restrictions apply. Bet must win to receive Bonus Bets which expire in 7 days. Minimum odds required. For additional terms and responsible gaming resources, see D K N G dot co slash audio. Limited time offer.
The 94 WIP Morning Team is discussing the breaking news in the NBA and within the Sixers from yesterday as Joel Embiid had to undergo emergency surgery in Houston to have his appendix removed. This is just another addition to a long line of unfortunate injury woes throughout Embiid's career. Rhea Hughes, who is known to be hard on Embiid, expressed how genuinely sorry she felt for him and his health misfortunes.
This episode is the supplemental material referenced in Part 2 of the "Images of Christ and the Second Commandment" series. In this Sunday school recording, Pastor Adam Parker traces the history of images in the church from the early fathers through the Iconoclast controversy of the 8th century. He examines how the church's original opposition to images gradually gave way as paganism entered the church, and walks through the theological arguments on both sides leading up to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 AD. This podcast is a ministry of Evergreen Presbyterian Church (PCA) in Beaverton, Oregon. For more information on Evergreen Presbyterian Church visit our website at evergreenpca.com. If you are in the Beaverton area, join us for worship on Sunday mornings at 9:30am.
Hammo's oldest friend on the Australian comedy circuit is Anthony "Lehmo" Lehmann and he joins the podcast today to discuss the part of his career his proudest of, what it is like to perform in a war zone, and why he's glad he wasn't born later in life. Hammo! Lehmo! You-o! Let's make it a party. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
SEASON 4 EPISODE 74: COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMANN A-Block (2:30) SPECIAL COMMENT: The buffoon who is, for better or worse, the actual president of this country has called the United States of America STUPID. No – seriously: “We are the only country in the world stupid enough to allow birthright citizenship” He didn’t call the Constitution stupid. He didn’t call the Supreme Court stupid. He didn't call the immigrants stupid. He didn't call the Democrats stupid. He called the ENTIRE COUNTRY stupid. You. And me. And his own supporters. Why again do we continue to permit this disloyal, deranged moron to remain president? Oh by the way that was him - even before his pathetic speech on Iran last night - signaling he will LOSE, that he is getting CREAMED, after the oral arguments OVER birthright citizenship at the Supreme Court, summarized by his lawyer saying “it’s a new world” and the Chief Justice replying but “it’s the same constitution.” When the Justices rule in June it could be 9-0, though 7-2 would be likelier. THE BESTEST WAR EVER: Near as I can tell, the essence of Trump's argument in his Iran speech last night was: It's going perfectly because it hasn't taken nearly as long as World War I or Vietnam. He didn't address NATO, he only tweaked the allies who have refused to jump overboard with him, and he only once gave any hint about what's next (Iran has "two or three weeks" to make a deal even though everybody in Iran is dead). The overriding theme of the speech was the tantalizing prospect that he might fall asleep at the podium while he was talking. TRUMP'S PERVERTS: The latest on Kristi Noem and whether she got a group discount on plastic surgery, the servitude of Lindsey Graham and Marco Rubio and RFK Jr and Jeff Bezos, and the weird psychology behind why his former critics enslave themselves to Trump. A professional in the field says it's not masochism, and while it may be blackmail, it's more about Trump providing them with a way for them to lie to themselves and say they aren't deviants or hypocrites, that he will back up their delusions - provided they do exactly what he tells them to. B-Block ( ) THE WORST PERSONS IN THE WORLD: Oh, look, I'm dragging Katy Tur and Tony Dokoupil again. Tur and I used to talk about Trump's lack of acuity in 2015. She just did a tv segment on it this week and it was as if she discovered it. And a profile of Dokoupil by Columbia Journalism Review has revealed he was once a hair model. What do you mean "once?" Also on here, Navy Commander Tim Parlatore ragging on behalf of Gamblin' Pete Hegseth. Last time we saw him he was civilian Trump attorney Tim Parlatore. I'm waiting for Cardinal Parlatore. And if Cory Booker is paying for the astroturfed online support, he deserves a refund. C-Block ( ) THINGS I PROMISED NOT TO TELL: If I'm dragging Tur, it's only fair I tell the story of when she went above-and-beyond even live-in girlfriend duties: the saga of the day my appendix exploded and it took me 48 hours to figure out it wasn't just an upset stomach. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
This week Victoria takes us to the depths of the Mariana Trench. After taking us to the deepest cave in the world she felt it was only fair to visit the deepest spot on Earth! Kirk then brings us new research about how bumblebees survive having their homes flooded by spring snow melt. It turns out, they can survive for 8 days underwater! Rachel rounds out this week's show with the mystery of The Appendix. It totally isn't because she went to the doctor with abdominal pain this week. Join us weekly for more strange nature. Our supporters on Patreon get every episode ad-free! Support us: patreon.com/strangebynature
The ancient feud between House Vordan and House Karmir grows in intensity and complexity as we explore the mysteries and agents around which it coheres. Microscope Chronicle by Ben Robbins: https://www.lamemage.com/microscope-chronicle/ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/unexploredcast Follow us on Tumblr: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/ Art by Ben Prevas Music by Andrew: https://andrewperricone.bandcamp.com/ Transcripts: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/transcripts
JunkTime AFL podcast with Adam Rozenbachs and Michael Chamberlin
From Wayne Jackson Studios, Adam is joined by friend of the show - Anthony 'Lehmo' Lehmann. They talk Blues, a little cricket talk and when Pendles breaks the record. Don't forget Michael's Melbourne International Comedy Festival show - 'Thanks For Your Help' - April 15 to 19 - tickets at trybooking.com And Lehmo's show - Camper Van Go 2 - The Appendix - tickets at comedyfestival.com.au Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
What a wild ride this week. We've all heard stories of someone needing their appendix removed but what if the only surgeon available is you? Rachel brings us a horrifying tale of a doctor in Antarctica who had to remove their own appendix. Victoria tells us the tale of African sleeping sickness. This nasty disease is spread by the tse-tse fly and humans are making strides in fighting both the disease and the flies. Finally, Kirk brings us a lighter story this week. Mysterious crop circles in Tasmania ended up being from Bennet's wallabies chowing down on opium poppies and jumping in drug-induced circles. Join us weekly for more strange nature. Our supporters on Patreon get every episode ad-free! Support us: patreon.com/strangebynature Email us: contact@strangebynaturepodcast.com Visit us at: strangebynaturepodcast.com where you can sign up for our episode emails.
Our story begins, as all good stories do, with its history: a feud between two noble houses that irrevocably shaped the very landscape of Alkyon. Microscope Chronicle by Ben Robbins: https://www.lamemage.com/microscope-chronicle/ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/unexploredcast Follow us on Tumblr: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/ Art by Ben Prevas Music by Andrew: https://andrewperricone.bandcamp.com/ Transcripts: https://unexploredcast.tumblr.com/transcripts
I work on the capacity-building team on the Global Catastrophic Risks-half of Coefficient Giving (formerly known as Open Philanthropy). Our remit is, roughly, to increase the amount of talent aiming to prevent unprecedented, globally catastrophic events. These days, we're mostly focused on AI, and we've funded a number of projects and grantees that readers of this post might be familiar with– including MATS, BlueDot Impact, Constellation, 80,000 Hours, CEA, the Curve, FAR.AI's events, university groups, and many other workshops and projects. The post aims to make the case that broadly, capacity-building work (including on AI risk) has been and continues to be extremely impactful, and to encourage people to consider pursuing relevant projects and careers. This post is written from my personal perspective; that said, my sense is that a number of CG staff and others in the AI safety space share my views. I include some quotes from them at the end of this post. I'm writing this post partly out of a desire to correct what I perceive as an asymmetry in terms of how excited I and others at Coefficient Giving are about this kind of work vs. how much people in the EA and AI [...] ---Outline:(02:15) The case for capacity-building work(04:11) Surveys(06:49) Testimonials(08:21) Neel Nanda (Senior Research Scientist at Google DeepMind)(11:15) Max Nadeau (Associate Program Officer (Technical AI Safety) at Coefficient Giving)(12:51) Rachel Weinberg (founder and former head of The Curve, currently at AI Futures Project)(14:30) Marius Hobbhann (CEO and founder of Apollo Research)(16:38) Adam Kaufman (member of technical staff at Redwood Research)(18:10) Gabriel Wu (member of technical staff (alignment) at OpenAI)(19:37) Catherine Brewer (Senior Program Associate (AI Governance) at Coefficient Giving)(21:12) Aric Floyd (video host for AI in Context)(23:12) Ryan Kidd (Director of MATS)(25:43) What tends to work?(28:34) Whats good to do now?(29:31) Who should be doing this work?(31:02) What would doing this work look like?(31:13) Working at an organization doing good work in the space(31:46) Constellation - CEO(32:46) Kairos - various early generalist positions(33:42) Starting or running your own capacity-building project or organization(34:07) Working on a capacity-building project part-time(34:30) Subscribing to Multiplier, a Substack with thoughts from our team (and other AI grantmaking staff at CG)(34:39) Letting our team know(35:03) Social proof(35:25) Julian Hazell, AI governance and policy at Coefficient Giving(36:19) Trevor Levin, AI governance and policy at Coefficient Giving(36:51) Ryan Greenblatt, Chief Scientist at Redwood Research:(37:21) Buck Shlegeris, CEO of Redwood Research(39:52) Appendix --- First published: March 10th, 2026 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/rAqKSSXankvys2Fzu/the-case-for-ai-safety-capacity-building-work --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO.
**Late pledges are open**DEAD MEN WALKING VOL. 2 by Zach R — KickstarterIn this episode, we take a break from the Human Occupied Landfill and venture into The Alchemist Annex with Guest GM, Dylan Anderson of Weird Alchemy! Enjoy!This episode of Flail to the face features the game Alchemists Annex featuring classes from Dead Men Walking Volume II by Zach Rebey of Weird Alchemy!With:Thomas Genno-Stume playing UrmTom Gambino playing Percival Charles Paschke playing Smoking PenisKevin Welch as Zach the LowlyAnd Special guest GM, Dylan AndersonSeason 2 theme music is Void Construct by Alex GrohlEditing by Kevin WelchEpisode art by Tom GambinoVideo editing by Dan FinneyWeird Alchemy:Weird Alchemy - itch.ioDEAD MEN WALKING VOL. 2 by Zach R — KickstarterWhispers of the Dying Lands:https://open.spotify.com/show/7yFvPcYtVa2jP5nCI1QqCS?si=a93f011397354f8dHellSpawn:hellspawnrpg.comDan Finney:OVERLAND EMPIREFind us on whatever social media platform you use:FacebookTwitterInstagramBlueSky#FlailToTheFace #mörkborg #actualplay #podcast #ttrpg #hol #HumanOccupiedLandfill #Hellspawn
What if the life that looks successful on paper is actually destroying the things that matter most? In this episode, entrepreneur Kris Dehnert shares the story behind building Dugout Mugs, the company that turned baseball bats into mugs and grew into a $60 million brand. If you're building a business, chasing big goals, or questioning what success really means, this conversation might change how you look at work, money, and life. Listen now and rethink what success actually looks like. Timestamps 00:00:00 Intro 00:00:17 From selling pencils to running businesses 00:00:42 Building Dugout Mugs into a $60M brand 00:01:34 What Kris actually does and why it matters 00:02:59 How the baseball bat mug idea started 00:05:13 Scaling the business to millions 00:07:14 Why fun and time matter more than money 00:09:23 The ruptured appendix wake-up call 00:12:25 Authenticity vs fake influencer culture 00:15:54 Gratitude, leadership, and building great teams #entrepreneurship #businesspodcast #founderstory #businessgrowth #successmindset #leadership #startupjourney #ecommercebusiness #worklifebalance #entrepreneurlife Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
OA1233 - We are not conspiracy theorist type people. But... yeah man I don't know. But also, so much more in these files to talk about. If you know anything about the federal government's 2007 plea deal with Jeffrey Epstein you know that it was bad. But newly-released documents from the Epstein files show that it was actually much worse than that! Thanks to a newly-released legal memo, a draft indictment, and internal emails between prosecutors we now have a much better understanding of the disagreements within US Attorney for the District of Southern Florida Alex Acosta's office as they finalized the terms of a much-too-friendly agreement between the US government and a billionaire pedophile which a federal appeals court would later call “a national disgrace.” Matt has the receipts for this special emergency episode. You can also watch this episode on YouTube! Steve Bannon's Interview with Jeffrey Epstein (directly downloaded from the DOJ) Investigation into the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida's Resolution of Its 2006–2008 Federal Criminal Investigation of Jeffrey Epstein and Its Interactions with Victims during the Investigation (Department of Justice Office of Professional Responsibility, 2020) Incident Report (Palm Beach Police Department, 2006) Epstein indictment draft (United States Attorney's Office in the Southern District of Florida, 2007) Appendix in The People of the State of New York v. Jeffrey E. Epstein (2013) Opinion - Alex Acosta acted with professionalism and integrity in handling the Jeffrey Epstein case (Miami Herald, 2/16/2019) Check out the OA Linktree for all the places to go and things to do!
This is a link post. The shift from scaling up the pre-training compute of AI systems to scaling up their inference compute may have profound effects on AI governance. The nature of these effects depends crucially on whether this new inference compute will primarily be used during external deployment or as part of a more complex training programme within the lab. Rapid scaling of inference-at-deployment would: lower the importance of open-weight models (and of securing the weights of closed models), reduce the impact of the first human-level models, change the business model for frontier AI, reduce the need for power-intense data centres, and derail the current paradigm of AI governance via training compute thresholds. Rapid scaling of inference-during-training would have more ambiguous effects that range from a revitalisation of pre-training scaling to a form of recursive self-improvement via iterated distillation and amplification. The end of an era — for both training and governance The intense year-on-year scaling up of AI training runs has been one of the most dramatic and stable markers of the Large Language Model era. Indeed it had been widely taken to be a permanent fixture of the AI landscape and the basis of many approaches to [...] ---Outline:(01:06) The end of an era -- for both training and governance(05:24) Scaling inference-at-deployment(06:42) Reducing the number of simultaneously served copies of each new model(08:45) Reducing the value of securing model weights(09:30) Reducing the benefits and risks of open-weight models(10:05) Unequal performance for different tasks and for different users(12:08) Changing the business model and industry structure(12:50) Reducing the need for monolithic data centres(17:16) Scaling inference-during-training(28:07) Conclusions(30:17) Appendix. Comparing the costs of scaling pre-training vs inference-at-deployment --- First published: February 2nd, 2026 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/RnsgMzsnXcceFfKip/inference-scaling-reshapes-ai-governance Linkpost URL:https://www.tobyord.com/writing/inference-scaling-reshapes-ai-governance --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
This is a link post. There is an extremely important question about the near-future of AI that almost no-one is asking. We've all seen the graphs from METR showing that the length of tasks AI agents can perform has been growing exponentially over the last 7 years. While GPT-2 could only do software engineering tasks that would take someone a few seconds, the latest models can (50% of the time) do tasks that would take a human a few hours. As this trend shows no signs of stopping, people have naturally taken to extrapolating it out, to forecast when we might expect AI to be able to do tasks that take an engineer a full work-day; or week; or year. But we are missing a key piece of information — the cost of performing this work. Over those 7 years AI systems have grown exponentially. The size of the models (parameter count) has grown by 4,000x and the number of times they are run in each task (tokens generated) has grown by about 100,000x. AI researchers have also found massive efficiencies, but it is eminently plausible that the cost for the peak performance measured by METR has been [...] ---Outline:(13:02) Conclusions(14:05) Appendix(14:08) METR has a similar graph on their page for GPT-5.1 codex. It includes more models and compares them by token counts rather than dollar costs: --- First published: February 2nd, 2026 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/AbHPpGTtAMyenWGX8/are-the-costs-of-ai-agents-also-rising-exponentially Linkpost URL:https://www.tobyord.com/writing/hourly-costs-for-ai-agents --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO. ---Images from the article:Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
The Idiots talk with Chris Miller from Jerky Dynasty. The guys learn that feeding alligators kangaroos and ostrich would make for the best jerky of all time. Ted tips a guy to suck it up and have a bad time. Everyone knows that cats are the worst.
Sarah has a new guilty pleasure called Members Only, but she says it's more like Real Housewives of Mar-a-Lago. We hear why she is fascinated by these ladies (and their clothing). We debate the virtues of changing your last name when you get married, and how certificates and diplomas should be amendable if you change your name. We learn the benefits of pet ownership according to science, and whether it is better or worse for your happiness than having children. Susie wants you all to know it is certainly better than having a teenager. Sarah explains, at long last, what the appendix even does and why it's more important than most people realize. And Susie tells the story of her friend who had to have her appendix removed because she tried to beat Cher in a feat of strength. This is a true and hilarious story. And we find out about a device that measures your child's vitals, and can alert parents of an impending temper tantrum, and we hear whether it's effective in preventing or reducing their severity.Brain Candy Podcast Website - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/Brain Candy Podcast Book Recommendations - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/books/Brain Candy Podcast Merchandise - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/candy-store/Brain Candy Podcast Candy Club - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/product/candy-club/Brain Candy Podcast Sponsor Codes - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/support-us/Brain Candy Podcast Social Media & Platforms:Brain Candy Podcast LIVE Interactive Trivia Nights - https://www.youtube.com/@BrainCandyPodcast/streamsBrain Candy Podcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/braincandypodcastHost Susie Meister Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/susiemeisterHost Sarah Rice Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/imsarahriceBrain Candy Podcast on X: https://www.x.com/braincandypodBrain Candy Podcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/braincandy (JOIN FREE - TONS OF REALITY TV CONTENT)Brain Candy Podcast Sponsors, partnerships, & Products that we love:For 50% off your order, head to https://www.dailylook.com and use code BRAINCANDYGet 60% off your first order, plus free shipping, when you head to https://www.smalls.com/braincandyThis episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Sign up and get 10% off at https://www.betterhelp.com/braincandySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
ABOUT POLAR WARPOLAR WAR: Submarines, Spies, and the Struggle for Power in a Melting Arctic by Kenneth R. Rosen (January 6, 2026/$29.00 hardcover) offers a blend of travelogue and frontline reporting that reveals how climate change, military ambition, and economic opportunity are transforming the Arctic into the epicenter of a new cold war in which the planet's great powers are struggling for dominance.Russian spies. Nuclear submarines. Sabotaged pipelines. Undersea communications severed in the dark of night. The fastest-warming place on earth-where apartment buildings, hospitals, and homes crumble daily as permafrost melts and villages get washed away by rising seas-the Arctic stands at the crossroads of geopolitical ambition and environmental catastrophe. As climate change thaws the northern latitudes, opening once ice-bound shipping lanes and access to natural resources, the world's military powers are rushing to stake their claims in this increasingly strategic region. We've entered a new cold war-and every day it grows hotter.In POLAR WAR, Rosen takes readers on an extraordinary journey across the changing face of the far north. Through intimate portraits of scientists, soldiers, and Indigenous community leaders representing the interests of twenty-one countries across four continents, he witnesses firsthand how rising temperatures and growing tensions are reshaping life above and below the Arctic Circle. He finds himself on the trail of Navy SEALs training for arctic warfare, embarks on Coast Guard patrols monitoring Russian incursions, participates in close-quarter-combat training aboard foreign icebreakers in the Arctic sea ice, and visits remote research stations where international cooperation is giving way to espionage and the search for long-frozen biological weapons.POLAR WAR concludes with a prescriptive Appendix, "Reigning in the Arctic," in which Rosen elucidates "several definite and immediate steps American lawmakers and the current presidential administration must take to not only advance our national security in the arctic but also preserve the region for generations to come."Drawing on hundreds of interviews and three years of reporting from the frontlines of climate change and great power competition, Rosen's deeply researched and personal accounts capture the diverse landscapes, people, and conflicted interests that define this complex northern region. The result is both an elegy for a vanishing landscape and an urgent warning about how the race for Arctic dominance could spark the next global conflict.ABOUT KENNETH R. ROSENKenneth R. Rosen is the recipient of a Kurt Schork Award in International Journalism and the Bayeux-Calvados Award for War Correspondents, a two-time finalist for the Livingston Award for his work in Syria and Iraq, and an Ira A. Lipman Fellow at Columbia University. He is the author of Troubled and Bulletproof Vest, and his writing has appeared in The New Yorker, The New York Times, The Atlantic & WIRED. He divides his time between Western Massachusetts and Northern Italy with his wife and their three children.https://kennethrrosen.com/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/i-am-refocused-radio--2671113/support.Subscribe now at YouTube.com/@RefocusedNetworkThank you for your time.
Frank podcasts from bed after surgery, so Tim drinks for two while the guys compare recovery teas and questionable hot-cocoa experiments. They swap their favorite new-to-them watches of the year, from the surreal dystopia of The Lobster to del Toro's richly detailed Frankenstein, plus sci-fi obsessions with Pluribus and Alien: Earth. Hive minds, film clubs, and xenomorphs all make an appearance. Cheers! Beers of the Week Quarter Horse Kentucky Dry Whiskey Traditional Medicinals Organic Immune Zoom
Join hosts Mark Kelley of Kelley Defense and Rick Hogg of War HOGG Tactical on the On The Range Podcast as they sit down with Chris Burns, founder and owner of C&G Holsters.In this powerful episode, Chris shares his personal faith journey, the challenges and triumphs of growing a leading Kydex holster company from a garage startup, and how his Christian faith shapes both life and business in the tactical industry. From custom holsters for law enforcement and military to concealed carry holsters for everyday carry (EDC), discover what sets C&G Holsters apart in the competitive firearms and tactical gear world.Perfect for anyone searching for: Tactical holsters Kydex holsters Concealed carry holsters Appendix carry holsters Duty holsters Best holsters for Glock / Sig / Staccato Faith-based entrepreneurship Christian business owners in firearms industry Firearms training podcasts 2A podcasts Tactical gear reviews Whether you're into firearms training, concealed carry, or inspirational stories of resilience and purpose-driven business, this episode delivers real talk from three respected voices in the tactical community.
To purchase my book, Choosing Glory, visit: https://lilianderson.com/product/choosing-glory/ --also available on Kindle and as an audio book To support this podcast and access extra content, subscribe on Patreon where you can submit specific questions: https://www.patreon.com/choosingglory?fan_landing=true&view_as=public
LVL Up Expo / 22 Anthem: We are giving away some LVL Up Expo passes in honor of our panel next year and in honor of the 22 Necklaces we unleash a new ANTHEM! Gothspel Press Tour: Corey Feldman pulling out all the stops for the love of his life by bringing Adrien on local LA morning news. It goes about as expected. A Look Back: In honor of the great monster truck artwork we revisit an old interview where Corey discusses the attack and we also learn about how he had his appendix taken out. ALSO COREY'S TWITTER! COREY FELDMAN!, SHOW STOPPER!, LET'S JUST TALK!, DON CHEADLE!, BOOGIE NIGHTS!, JIM AND THEM IS POP CULTURE!, COREYWEEN!, FELDMAS IS JUST ABOUT HERE!, SUPERCHAT!, GIFT MEMBERSHIPS!, KING FOR A DAY!, MARIO!, PO BOX!, MIKE!, BIRTHDAY!, SELF ADDRESSED STAMPED ENVELOPE!, WOLF PACK!, KEITH COOGAN!, COOGS!, KENNY!, DISHES ARE DONE GUY!, POP CULTURE AWARD!,. I KNOW THAT!, I KNOW THAT!, FELDMAN OF THE YEAR!, FELD-MAN OF THE YEAR!, LVL UP EXPO!, PASSES!, GOLD 22!, CULT!, FILTH PIG!, BOOF!, JUKE!, KTLA!, LOCAL NEWS!, MORNING!, GOTHSPEL!, PRESS TOUR!, DANCING WITH THE STARS!, DWTS!, JENNA!, EXCUSES!, ELIMINATION!, GOPSPEL!, CIRCUS QUEEN!, EXCLUSIVE!, DUET!, AUSTRALIAN NEWS!, ARTWORK!, MONSTER TRUCKS!, CHILD SLAVE!, APPENDIX!, TODAY SHOW!, MATT LAUER!, MY TRUTH DOC!, WOLF HOWLS!, KISMET!, PMSING!, ADRIEN SKYE!, PODCAST!, PEDO PROTECTORS!, SATANISTS!, RED AND BLACK!, SOME LAUGHS GO TOO FAR!, JIM, MIKE AND ERIC!, 22 DAY!, LATE POST!, PAST!, You can find the videos from this episode at our Discord RIGHT HERE!
Megyn Kelly is joined by Glenn Greenwald, host of Rumble's "System Update," to discuss how the newly declassified Durham report appendix sheds new light on Hillary Clinton's plan to ruin Donald Trump's 2016 candidacy, how Clinton is still acting like Trump stole the election, how the FBI helped cover up the Clinton campaign's plan to vilify Trump as a Russian asset, the media's complicity in disseminating the smears, and more. Plus, independent journalist Aaron Mate joins to discuss the emails revealed in the Durham report annex that appear to lay out the Clinton campaign's plot to smear Trump, the involvement of the Obama administration, and more. Then, Megyn and Greenwald discuss former CIA operative and sitting U.S. Sen. Elissa Slotkin's ridiculous interview with Stephen Colbert about the deep state, why she is the most annoying woman in politics, the cowardly Cincinnati Police Chief's response to the barbaric brawl in the city, Kamala Harris' awkward promo for her new book “107 Days,” Martha Stewart's biting remarks about Meghan Markle following in her footsteps, Prince Harry and Markle's low Netflix ratings, and more. Greenwald- https://rumble.com/c/GGreenwaldMaté- https://www.aaronmate.net/ Follow The Megyn Kelly Show on all social platforms:YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/MegynKellyTwitter: http://Twitter.com/MegynKellyShowInstagram: http://Instagram.com/MegynKellyShowFacebook: http://Facebook.com/MegynKellyShow Find out more information at: https://www.devilmaycaremedia.com/megynkellyshow
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