Podcasts about Alexandrian

Title: “The Maltese Mission” Part 2 Text: Acts 28:7-10 FCF: We often struggle trusting God to provide our needs. Prop: Because God providentially provides for His people, we must trust and obey God while sharing with one another. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 28. In a moment we'll read from the Legacy Standard Bible starting in verse 1. You can follow along in the pew bible or in whatever version you prefer. Before we get started this morning, I need to admit a small blunder I made last week. When I was typing the word for the people of Malta, I assumed it would be Maltenes. Because spell check did not catch that as a misspelling, I assumed it was the correct word for those from Malta. [Slide 2] As I re-listened to the sermon this past week, I noticed that the live transcript spelled the word differently than I had written it. So, I did a search for the way I had written it and came to discover that Maltenes is actually the oily substance in asphalt used to bind the rocks together. [Slide 3] The actual word for the people from Malta is Maltese, like the dog. So, I have edited the title of the sermon and will endeavor to call them by the right name today. Apologies for my oversight. [Slide 4] Now that that is dealt with, lets get ourselves up to speed on what is happening. Since chapter 27, Luke has told the maritime adventure story of Paul on his way to Rome. Last week we began the last episode in this story which is set on the island of Malta. God gives Paul a platform to preach the gospel through a venomous snake biting him and his miraculous resistance to any ill effect from the bite. We concluded last week that Paul most certainly preached the gospel to these folks because we know Paul's heart, because we know the purpose of sign gifts, and because we know the Christian history of the island of Malta. So why didn't Luke record any evangelism details? Probably because he is in the midst of showing God's hand of providence to get Paul to Rome. His focus is not necessarily on God's providence in spreading the gospel to the Maltese people. We also should consider that Luke wrote this on glued together pages of papyrus. These were purchased in a rolled-up format which stretched 30-40 feet. There is another possibility that Luke is simply coming to the end of the roll. Not that God short changed us in the inspiration of this book. But every historical account in the scriptures… it is ALWAYS abbreviated. As Luke continues this story there is a subtheme that was only mentioned last week, but will take a more prominent role here and will be developed through the rest of the chapter to the end of the book. I'll do my best to point that out to you today. So let's dive in to the text of Acts 28. Please stand with me to give honor to and to focus on the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Most loving and generous Father. If wicked fathers know how to give good gifts to their children, how much more do You, a Heavenly Father characterized by love, grace and mercy, know how to give good gifts to Your children. You have made promises to us Lord. You have promised that according to the riches in glory in Your Son, you will supply all our needs. You have promised to give out of Your abundance so that we can continue the work which you have called us to do. And You have commissioned us to be Your hands and feet, not only to bring the gospel to others, but also to share and give to other believers when they are in need. We are often the agents of Your Divine provision. And You are most gracious to us to allow us to participate in this way. Send Your Spirit to speak into the hearts of those who are here. Speak clearly in Your word to call Your people to action. And use the Spirit to give new hearts to unbelievers here so they can receive the gifts of repentance and faith. We pray this in His name. Amen. Transition: You may be seated. This is another shorter sermon. And I do apologize for that

Title: “The Maltenes Mission” Part 1 Text: Acts 28:1-6 FCF: We often struggle fearing our circumstances rather than seeing them as opportunities to preach Christ. Prop: Because God providentially provides platforms for us to preach Christ, we must trust and proclaim the Lord. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 28. In a moment we'll read from the Christian Standard Bible starting in verse 1. You can follow along in the pew bible or in whatever version you prefer. Today we officially begin the last chapter of the book of Acts. With it, we begin the final episode of the maritime adventure of Paul on his journey to Rome. Paul, his companions, the soldiers, the sailors and all the other passengers on board the Alexandrian grain ship have all come safely to shore. But now what? It is still November. They are on an island they don't recognize. They are cold, tired, hungry, and drenched. How will God providentially preserve them through the winter? Let's find out. Please stand with me to give honor to and to focus on the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Most Gracious God, we humbly seek Your presence today to ask that You send Your Spirit to reveal truth from Your Word. Speak persistently and loudly. Show us, convict us, move us, shape us with the Words of Scripture. We pray that You would uncover Your providential work to prepare a platform for the gospel to be preached. We pray that even if the circumstances are painful for us that we would not give way to fear, but would stand firm in trusting You and preach Christ crucified to the lost. Convict us of our negligence and our panic. Help us to see the greatest mission we have and to do it for Your glory. We pray this in Jesus' name… Amen. Transition: Many people are ill equipped and unmotivated to hear the gospel message. Its truths are aggressive because they call men to repent of things that they cherish. Men love sin. But God not only prepares the heart of one of His lost sheep to hear the gospel, but He also prepares the circumstances for the message to be preached. For the Maltenes people, God prepared them to hear the truth. And He did this by… of all things… a snake bite. Let's look. I.) God providentially provides platforms for us to preach Christ, so we must preach the gospel. (1-4) a. [Slide 2] 1 - Once safely ashore, we then learned that the island was called Malta. i. Luke dutifully records for us again, that the people who could swim as well as those who could not arrived safely to the shore. ii. In the process of landing on the beach, certainly they would have looked for shelter. Being a beach, but not the main port on the island, there would probably have a small fishing village nearby. iii. [Slide 3] In this process they would have learned that the island they landed on was indeed the island of Malta. iv. Perhaps with shock they would have recognized how far the storm had carried them while also getting them closer to their intended destination of Italy. v. Indeed, in the last two weeks they had been blown by this Nor'easter about 476 Nautical miles west, which is just shy of 550 miles. b. [Slide 4] 2 - The local people showed us extraordinary kindness. They lit a fire and took us all in, since it was raining and cold. i. Luke using the term “Local people” here is actually the word “barbarians”. This indicates to us that these people probably did not speak Greek as a primary language. More than likely the Maltenes people spoke Punic which would be a dialect of Phoenician language. ii. And even though the main dock in Malta would have been sufficiently Hellenized, this village was probably less so. iii. Still there is no reason to believe that the shipwrecked crew was completely unable to converse with the people. They probably knew at least some Greek or Latin. iv. Luke marvels at the uncommon care the locals gave to the shipwrecked passengers. Many times small villages become quite closed off and suspicious of new people. Against that stereotype, these islanders went out of their way to help. v. The rain and cold had left these tired, drenched, hungry, and sleep deprived people in a truly miserable state. vi. For at least two weeks they had been battling no small storm and now they wash up completely helpless. vii. In this setting, it would be easy to prey upon them or fear them. But instead, they receive all 276 people and build a fire – probably several, to warm them all. c. [Slide 5] 3 - As Paul gathered a bundle of brushwood and put it on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and fastened itself on his hand. i. As a prisoner of Rome, Paul would have no doubt been one of the first to be forced to go and look for more fuel for the fire. ii. Of course, this was probably a welcome task standing on dry land with the promise of warmth. And certainly, we wouldn't expect Paul to refuse to help in menial duties. iii. In the midst of this, Paul lays a bundle of sticks on the fire and unbeknownst to Paul there was a viper hiding within. iv. The word “viper” indicates to us that this was a venomous snake. v. But here is the problem. Today, there are no venomous snakes on the island of Malta. And for that matter, there are actually no woodlands on Malta either. 1. Some scholars have put so much weight on this fact that they have endeavored to find a different island than Malta for this shipwreck. 2. However, these two problems are actually easily explained by one fact. 3. Malta today has almost 600,000 people living on an island that has an area of only 122 square miles. 4. That is a ratio of almost 5,000 people per square mile. This makes it one of the more densely populated places in the world. 5. With population being so dense, woodlands would have disappeared long ago and along with woodlands the environment for venomous snakes. 6. Therefore, there is no reason to question Luke's identification of this snake as venomous. vi. This snake was probably one, that although now is either extinct or eradicated on Malta, was at the time known and avoided by the Maltenes people. vii. As any snake would do, after being roused from its more dormant state in the cold and fleeing the heat of the fire, it attacks a perceived threat upon its life. viii. In this case, it would be Paul. ix. The snake bites and latches hold of Paul's hand. d. [Slide 6] 4 - When the local people saw the snake hanging from his hand, they said to one another, “This man, no doubt, is a murderer. Even though he has escaped the sea, Justice has not allowed him to live.” i. There are a few layers here that I want to unpack concerning the Maltenes' reaction to this viper biting Paul. ii. They say three things. 1. They conclude that Paul is a murderer since this snake bit him. 2. He was saved from the sea, but this was merely a temporary escape for him. 3. Finally, they conclude that Justice has not allowed Paul to live. iii. All three things they say… are true in a manner of speaking. iv. First, I want to go in backward order of their statements, They conclude he is a murderer and the last two statements contribute to that thought in unique ways. Justice has not allowed him to live. 1. Notice how the word Justice in the CSB is capitalized. 2. This occurs not just in the CSB but in several other modern translations of this passage. 3. The word Justice could be translated simply as a lowercase letter j with that meaning. 4. However, the Greek goddess of Justice was named Dike… Justice. The word Luke uses here. 5. What seems clear is that these people were fairly religious. They recognize that the Greek goddess of justice, who always repays a life for a life and always hits her mark, seems to have hunted Paul down through Poseidon's realm and finally found him here on Malta. 6. Justice always wins, she has caught Paul. This is their conclusion. 7. Is this true? 8. Well… in a way. But it didn't happen by Dike's doing. Compared to the God who actually caught up with Paul, she is not a god at all. 9. We have already seen the Judge of the living and the dead catch up with Paul. Haven't we? 10. In one sense Paul stood up that day and kept going… but in another way Paul died that day in the dust on the road to Damascus. 11. Paul himself says “I have been crucified with Christ, nevertheless I live, Christ lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by the faithfulness of Jesus Christ who loved me and gave Himself up for me.” 12. True Justice… the King of Glory… has already hunted down and found Paul. And killed him… by killing Paul's sin and former life on the same cross He died on. Paul only lives now because Jesus lives in Him. 13. Whatever sins Paul has committed, were killed with Christ. And that same Just Judge has commissioned Paul to go to the ends of the earth with the good news. 14. That is why he is here. Justice sent him here… but not to die. But to preach the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. v. Second, they conclude that his salvation from the sea was a temporary escape. 1. No doubt they couch this in superstitious understanding similar to our idea of cheating death and karma. 2. You can only run for so long before it all catches up to you. 3. Job's friends had the same conclusion. 4. But in a way, they are right. 5. Paul will eventually be executed by the same Roman government who hold him in chains now. His rescue from the sea is ultimately only a temporary one. 6. But at the same time, his permanent rescue, his permanent salvation has already been secured. 7. And that is why he is here. To tell these people… about that salvation. vi. That brings us to what they conclude. That Paul is a murderer because he was bitten by a venomous snake. 1. Now why might they conclude this? 2. Well, as we've already said, history records that the Maltenes people were quite religiously attuned. They were a religious melting pot of Phoenician, Greek, and Roman influences. a. And this is a very old concept. b. As we've already said, dating back to the first book of the bible written, the book of Job, that when you commit sins in life, eventually you will get divine payment for them. c. It is the concept of reciprocity. d. The Old Testament also says surely your sins will find you out. e. The New Testament says that what you will reap what you sow. f. Many religious backgrounds have this sort of teaching. Including Phoenician, Greek, and Roman. 3. And the Maltenes people, though religious and superstitious, were not idiots. a. They know Paul is a prisoner. There are guards watching him all the time. b. They probably know that their destination is Rome itself. Certainly, prisoners being transported to Rome are probably not going for small crimes. c. It is really that much of a leap for them to think that Paul's crime is a serious one? 4. Finally, we must ask the question… is Paul a murderer? a. Luke thinks Paul is. Luke said that he was breathing out murderous threats toward the church. b. Paul thinks Paul is. Paul himself said that he persecuted the church to death. He calls himself the chief of sinners. 5. The Maltenes people are right! Paul is a murderer. And anyone who has ever hated or despised someone is a murderer too. 6. But Paul is here now to preach to these people, how God can take murderers like him and destroy their sin and raise them up to righteousness. e. [Slide 7] Summary of the Point: Luke writes this second episode of Paul's maritime adventure with a clear focus. He is emphasizing the providence of God to get Paul to Rome to preach the gospel to the Emperor. Here we see God's hand delivering Paul safely from the storm but right into the teeth of a viper. And we might wonder… why? Paul did deserve to die for all he had done to God's people. But Jesus saved him instead. Now he is on this island, not fleeing from the goddess of justice, but instead preaching the love of the One who will one day judge the living and the dead. God is just in that He will certainly judge sinners. But he is also the justifier of sinners who have placed their faith in Jesus Christ, for Christ is the One who satisfied the justice of God for them on the cross. Because of the Maltenes' religious beliefs and God allowing the snake to bite Paul, now Paul has an platform to preach the gospel to them. To tell them about justice AND mercy. God will do the same for us. He will providentially open doors for us to share our faith. The doors may not be painless for us. Indeed, they may hurt us a lot. But we must be faithful to share the gospel with those the Lord has brought to us. [Slide 8 (blank)] Transition: Of course, Paul can't preach the gospel message if he dies from a snakebite. Jesus can't keep his promise if Paul dies of a snakebite. God would be a liar if Paul doesn't go before Caesar because he died of a snakebite. What is the only option for Paul? He must live. Let's see how. II.) God providentially provides platforms for us to preach Christ, so we must have faith without fear. (5-6) a. [Slide 9] 5 - But he shook the snake off into the fire and suffered no harm. i. As we knew would be true, Paul lives. ii. In fulfillment of what Jesus says Luke 10:19 and possibly in Mark 16:18, we see Paul handling a venomous snake without being poisoned and without dying. iii. He simply shakes the creature off into the fire. iv. This doesn't appear to be a panicked reaction. Nor does it seem to be done in malice or hatred. Nor does it seem to be some kind of spiritual cleansing ritual, as if he is warding off a spiritual by burning the source. v. Paul simply eliminates the threat against him and others by calmly shaking the snake into the fire. vi. He trusts God explicitly, that the snake will not harm him, no doubt as he bandages the two puncture wounds in his hand. vii. Paul did not seek out the snake to prove that he was from God or that his faith was genuine. Paul didn't do this on purpose as some kind of display of Spiritual maturity as some churches do who handle snakes on purpose. viii. Paul trusted God, unphased by this snakebite, knowing that he would go to Rome and stand before Caesar. Why? ix. Because God said he would. x. This is faith without fear. b. [Slide 10] 6 - They expected that he would begin to swell up or suddenly drop dead. i. Though Paul did not fear, the Maltenes people were afraid for him. They were convinced that despite Paul acting like all was normal – that he would certainly swell up and/or die. ii. There is no hint here that they simply mistook the snake that bit Paul as a venomous one when it actually wasn't. iii. These are natives of this island and the sticks did not come from the ship. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that this snake was indigenous and most likely well known to the Maltenes people. iv. So, they waited. v. And waited. vi. And… waited. c. [Slide 11] After they waited a long time and saw nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and said he was a god. i. Before, they concluded that the gods were out to get Paul. ii. That he must have been some terrible person who had murdered someone and justice finally caught up to him. iii. But having waited a long time to watch if he would die or suffer any ill effects, and finding nothing out of the ordinary occurring, they change their minds. iv. Again, we are given insight into the deeply religious and somewhat superstitious nature of the Maltenes people. v. They have just witnessed a miracle. And because of this, they go from thinking Paul is a vile human being to concluding that Paul must be an invulnerable divine being. vi. This isn't the first time Paul was mistaken for a god. vii. In Lystra, after Paul and Barnabas healed a lame man, they were mistaken for Zeus and Hermes. The people of Lystra then began to offer sacrifices to them. viii. Paul and Barnabas tore their clothes and with great effort stopped the people of Lystra from worshipping them. ix. There is no record here of the Maltenes people trying to worship Paul. Luke is somewhat brief with the Maltenes narrative. x. But we see how volatile their opinion of Paul is. xi. But just like in Lystra, after denying deity, Paul will have a unique opportunity to share the gospel with these people. xii. He is not a god… but He is sent by THE One True God. He is God's ambassador sent here with a message for them to hear. And this miracle proves that they should listen to him. xiii. [Slide 12] As a side note here, and one we must address before we close out this point … 1. Keen observers will note that Luke does not actually say that Paul shares the gospel with the Maltenes people. 2. Luke doesn't record a single conversion. 3. So, am I being a little presumptuous to think that Paul shared the gospel with these folks? 4. Not at all. For three reasons. a. We know the heart of Paul. i. He has preached the gospel to Jews, to gentiles, before the Areopagite, in the hall of Tyrannus in Ephesus, before Felix and Festus and Herod Agrippa. ii. We have no reason to believe that he stopped now. iii. And Luke doesn't always need to spell things out for us. iv. He has written thousands of words giving us the track record of Paul. v. He probably expects us to fill in the blanks. b. We know the purpose of sign gifts. i. Throughout the book of Acts God has used sign gifts to authenticate the message of the gospel. ii. Paul did not die from this snake bite and, as a bit of a spoiler for next week, he will heal a prominent Maltenes figure before departing for Rome. iii. Since Luke has linked signs like these to the authentication of the gospel message, again he probably assumes we will wisely link it without him saying it explicitly. c. Lastly, we know the history of Malta. A Christian community sprang up on the island of Malta. i. Not only that, but the earliest records indicate that this happened in the same general time frame that Paul was on Malta. ii. Also, there are some records that indicate that the first Elder of the Christian church on Malta was a man named Publius whom we will meet next week. 5. And so, I think we can confidently say that Paul did indeed preach the gospel here and while wintering here for three months, he helped to establish the church on Malta. d. [Slide 13] Summary of the Point: Just as God providentially provided an avenue for preaching the gospel to the Maltenes by allowing His servant Paul to be bitten by a snake, so also God now miraculously prevents Paul from being poisoned to authenticate that same message. If they will believe he is a god because he did not die from this snake bite, perhaps they can believe that he is God's message bearer bringing them the message of the gospel. But Paul's reaction is key here. He doesn't panic. He doesn't start sucking the venom out. He doesn't pace around the fire nervously waiting for the same reactions the locals waited for. Instead, he shook off the snake and did nothing unusual. If it wasn't for the two puncture marks, they might have wondered if he had been bitten at all. We too may face even unpleasant things that God has providentially arranged for us so that we have a platform to share the gospel. But how we face those unpleasant circumstances may impact the openness of some to hear the message. In the midst of this, we must not allow fear to win out over faith. Instead, we must trust the Lord. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today that informs and corrects our beliefs and shapes our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: [Slide 14] God's providence is the undisputed primary theme in the book of Acts. God is always moving to advance the Kingdom of His dear Son through the work of His Spirit. Certainly, God at times does this on His own without any human agency, but most often in the book of Acts God empowers and commissions His church to go and preach the gospel. Here we see God using a snake bite and its failure to harm Paul to give him a platform to preach the gospel to these very religious people. So, we must look for God's providential hand to create platforms for us to live by faith and share the gospel. And though those platforms may be painful and even life-threatening, we must not fear what men can do to us. We have the words of life. Let us hold His banner high. But let me apply this a little more directly to us today. 1.) [Slide 15] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God providentially arranges platforms for us to preach the gospel. a. From every tribe, every tongue, every nation, every ethnicity, both genders – God is calling to Himself a royal priesthood. b. While we certainly have some, who like Paul, are called to other parts of the world to share the gospel to people outside of their context… c. Most of us are called to be ambassadors for the Kingdom of God right where we are. d. God has equipped us to be in the right situation with the right strengths and skills to be lights that shine in the darkness for His Kingdom. e. And that is not just to stand up and live holy and loving lives before others but to call to repentance sinners who have offended a holy God with their wickedness. f. To preach Christ crucified for sinners. g. To call sinners to turn from their wicked ways and trust in Christ. h. You and I are uniquely suited to share Christ to our friends, our family, and our neighbors. i. Not only that, but all that we face in life, and all the trials and tribulations shape us to be in positions where we can give the gospel call in a real and impactful way. j. The Maltenes were a religious and even superstitious people. God turned their eyes toward justice and then wowed them with a miracle. All so Paul could preach Christ crucified for sinners. k. God is the same today. He orchestrates the events of our lives to provide a platform for His gospel call to go out. l. But as the Lord Jesus lamented, the harvest is plenty but the harvesters are few. m. So, what must we do? n. First, something we must not do… 2.) [Slide 16] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must not fear our circumstances. a. God may lead us down some very difficult paths to share the gospel with others. b. We may be surrounded by enemies, we may be hated by many, we may be shouted down, we may face certain death. c. In those times we should not fear. d. We should not fear what men can do to us. e. We should not fear what could or could not happen. f. We should not fear that we might die before God's plan for our lives is realized. g. We should not fear at all. Why? h. Not because we are brave, strong, determined, or resolute. i. Not because our cause is just or because we are something special… j. If we lack fear for these reasons, then we are trusting in ourselves. k. The reason we should not fear is because we trust the Lord. We trust that His ways are perfect and that His will will be done. l. But not fearing doesn't mean we are passive either. We must also… 3.) [Slide 17] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must trust the Lord and share the gospel. a. In spite of the danger, in spite of the difficulty and trials we may face. We must share the gospel. b. We are on this earth for such a short time. We only have so many days to preach Christ crucified. c. To make disciples is the commission of the church. And God has equipped us to do just that. d. We preach the gospel and teach disciples to obey Christ. This is the primary mission of the church. e. Wherever Paul was, and in whatever state he was in, he preached Christ crucified. This wasn't because he was an evangelist. It is because he was a Christian. And although he received a specific commission to go to the gentiles and to Caesar, his commission was the same general commission given to all believers. f. We don't all have to go to some far away place. And hopefully we don't all have to get bitten by a snake. g. But all of us must preach the gospel of Jesus Christ. Because it and it alone is the power of God unto salvation to the Jews first and also to the gentiles. h. There is also something in this text that corrects something we might believe. 4.) [Slide 18] Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that God is either all justice or all mercy. Both are errors we must avoid. a. A young apologist that is making some waves today named Wes Huff was recently on a podcast talking about the differences between other religions and Christianity. b. He astutely observed that all religions besides Chrsitianty have strong aspects of either justice or mercy. c. He zoomed into Hinduism and Buddhism and pointed out how there is a very strong justice emphasis within it. Karma is 100% just. What you reap is a product of what you have sown… every time. There is no mercy. d. But Islam is the opposite. Allah, almost arbitrarily, hands out mercy to people who have died allowing them to enter paradise. But what happens with the evil they did during their life? What happens to all the actions they committed that are out of step with what Allah desires? e. In a word, nothing. There is no justice. Some get what they deserve and others don't and there is no real rhyme or reason for why. f. The Maltenes clearly believed in an all-justice god. You can't hide from a god who rights wrongs and trades a life for a life. The idea of reciprocity is strong with them. g. How amazing it would have been for them to be told that Paul was a murderer, but that the same God who will judge him is the one who died to pay for his sin. h. And that leads us to the most comforting thought that only Christianity preaches, and it just so happens to be the heart of the gospel of Jesus Christ… 5.) [Slide 19] Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” God is both Just and the Justifier of all who believe on Christ. a. Proverbs 17:15 says that whoever justifies the wicked is an abomination to Yahweh. b. So how is it that God is NOT an abomination to Himself? c. I want you to listen very carefully to what I'm saying because I don't want you to misunderstand me. d. Depending on your definition of forgiveness, you might be under the impression that when God forgives you, your sins magically disappear from the record. They are, erased. e. But my friends that isn't what forgiveness means. Forgiveness is a financial term. f. When you are forgiven a financial debt, does that mean that the person who gave the loan magically gets all their money back? No. g. Someone has to pay the debt. Forgiveness is simply saying… it isn't you. h. In this way, every single sin will be paid for. Every single one. Every single sin is an act of treason against a holy God. And every single sin you commit must be paid off in full. i. God is Just. Not one sin will be left unaccounted. God will NOT justify the wicked. He will not call someone innocent who still has an outstanding debt. j. But God, in His mercy, has chosen to take the debt Himself. He has chosen to pay the penalty for sin in the second person of the Godhead. He has paid with His death the whole amount for every single person who believes on Jesus as Savior and Lord. k. God is Just… and the justifier of those who believe on Christ. Because although every sin must be punished… He laid on Christ the chastisement that was due to us. By His stripes… we are healed. l. God is not Dike… hunting down the guilty. One day He will raise all of the dead to life and put them before the judgment seat of Christ to measure their works. And all who are measured by their works will pay for every single sin they have committed by enduring eternity in the lake of fire which is the second death. m. God doesn't hunt down the guilty. They will come to Him when He calls for them. When it is time for all things to be made right and justice to be delivered… they will come to Him. n. But God does hunt down some of us. He aims to destroy us but then to raise us up to a new life in Christ. o. My friends… are your sins paid for or will you pay for them yourself? p. Only those who believe in true faith… who believe and keep believing… who believe so much that they pursue Christ as their Savior and Lord… only these have had their sins paid. Their sins were red like scarlet… q. But He has washed them white as snow. r. Will you turn from your sin and believe on Jesus Christ today? [Slide 20 (end)] Let me close with a prayer by the Reformer John Calvin. Lord, as you urge us daily to repentance, and we are stung with the consciousness of our own sins, help us not to grow stupid in our vices or deceive ourselves with empty flattery. Instead, help us to carefully examine our own life, and then together confess that we are all guilty-not just of light offenses, but of offenses that deserve eternal death. And no other cure remains for us ... except your infinite mercy. So we seek a share of that grace which has been once offered to us by your Son, and is daily offered to us by his gospel. By relying on him as our mediator, we entertain hope even in the midst of a thousand deaths, until we are gathered into that blessed life bought for us by the blood of your only Son. For it is in His name we pray this… Amen. Benediction: And now may Jesus, Who satisfies our longings like nothing else can do Who is more pleasant than all the fancies of our golden dreams May that Lord make your love increase and overflow for each other and for everyone else. Until we meet again, go in peace.

Title: “Who Commands the Winds and Waves?” Part 3 Text: Acts 27:39-44 FCF: We often struggle believing God's Words to the fullest degree. Prop: Because God's Word always comes to pass exactly as He says it will, we must believe and respect the Word of God. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 27. In a moment we'll begin reading in verse 39 from the Legacy Standard Bible. You can follow along in the pew Bible, or in whatever version you prefer. Today we finally complete the maritime adventure story of Paul, the prisoner for Jesus Christ, being taken to Rome to stand before Emperor Nero on the accusation of treason with the expected sentence of death. It has been anything but a smooth trip. Having left late in August, they are prevented by waves and wind and arrive in mid-October at Fair Havens on the island of Crete. Ignoring the advice of Paul and following a south wind they endeavor to get to Phoenix to winter the next three months. Instead, a Nor'easter blew them well off course and out to sea. Paul gave them assurances from God, but still they tried to do everything in their power to save themselves. Finally, the passengers on board believe God and pursue the salvation He promised them. But we ended last week before they were out of the woods. Things were looking up – but the winds and waves still beat on the ship while anchored off the coast of some land mass. Let's see if God's Word will be fulfilled. Please stand with me to focus on and give honor to the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Heavenly Father You have given us Your Word which is full of promises, teachings, commands, and warnings. We are instructed to approach it as a mirror showing us who we are. We are invited to approach it humbly and to seek the words of life and wisdom for salvation in it. May we see today the importance of trusting what you say and not twisting or manipulating Your Holy Word for our own ends. Let us faithfully and humbly approach and receive Your Word today we pray this in Jesus' name, Amen. Transition: Well last week's sermon was a lengthier one. Based on the number of verses, it is easy to believe that the time crept up almost to the hour mark. Today we will bite off a much more manageable piece as we seek to conclude the storm episode. God willing, we will begin the last chapter of the book of Acts next week. So, let's dive in. I.) God's Word always comes to pass exactly as He says it, so we must believe every word. (39-41) a. [Slide 2] 39 - Now when day came, they could not recognize the land; but they were noticing a bay with a beach, and they were resolving to drive the ship onto it if they could. i. After this meal of faith taken by the passengers and sailors aboard this Alexandrian ship, they get what sleep they can and wait until dawn. ii. At daybreak, they were able to assess the situation they were in. iii. Sailors who had made these voyages through the Mediterranean several times would have no doubt grown accustomed to the look of the land. iv. Seasoned sailors would be able to look at a beach and with surprising accuracy be able to know where they are. v. But in this instance, they did not recognize the land. vi. [Slide 3] We may wonder why this is since it is well-documented that Malta, the island they are approaching, was an often-used commercial port between Rome and the rest of the Empire. 1. But what is also well documented is that this little island had been dealing with civil wars and pirate raids which had caused it to be skipped over by commercial vessels who didn't want to deal with either. 2. History often gives us a statement which is generally true, but depending on the specific time period we zoom in on, that may not always be the case. 3. [Slide 4] Malta was on the rise again, recovering from civil wars and pirates. And by the 2nd century it would have been granted the status to be able to govern itself. 4. But when Paul lands, in the mid-first century, Malta had fully recovered from these problems. 5. So, the reason these sailors did not recognize the beach is because they happen upon Malta, probably in a narrow window of time where the island had recovered but was not being used by many commercial ships yet. 6. This little detail actually helps to corroborate Luke's timeline where he says he and Paul landed on Malta in late October of AD 59. 7. Every detail in the scriptures… even the fact that these sailors did not recognize the land, is important. vii. Malta is actually a diverse island when it comes to available places to dock. viii. There are sheer rocky cliffs on much of the island but some places that would be approachable by a sea faring vessel. ix. [Slide 4] This is the traditional site of this Alexandrian ship's approach. Today this place is named St. Paul's Bay. x. You can see, even though modernized, there are areas that a beach would be visible and seemingly attainable. xi. As a sailor it would be much preferred to beach the ship. Just because you are on board a sea faring vessel doesn't necessarily mean you can swim. xii. The ship's boat, as we know, was cut away to prevent any of the crew from abandoning everyone else to guide the ship. The crew being the only ones who probably could swim. xiii. So, beaching the ship was the best option. xiv. But we have to go back to what God said, and what these people were required to believe. xv. God told Paul that the ship would be lost and would run aground on some island but all the people on board would be saved. xvi. Are they still believing that this is true? xvii. I believe they are. xviii. To run a ship aground and beaching a ship are virtually the same. And just because they endeavor to beach the ship doesn't mean the ship will be salvageable. They had already thrown out the wheat. xix. So, it seems that trusting that God would do something doesn't mean resigning ourselves to the worst possible version of that promise. 1. God guaranteeing that He will be with us and protect us doesn't mean that we can take foolish risks with our lives. 2. So also, God predicting that the ship would be lost and run aground could mean that the ship is beached with no hope of pushing it back out to sea. xx. In fact, it seems as though they are committed to losing the ship in the process of beaching it because of what they do next. b. [Slide 6] 40 - And casting off the anchors, they left them in the sea while at the same time they were loosening the ropes of the rudders. And hoisting the foresail to the wind, they were heading for the beach. i. Here we see the sailors make every effort to run the ship as fast and as hard as they can into the beach of Malta. ii. They cast off the four anchors which were holding them off the coast of the island. iii. They do so by cutting them away rather than hoisting them up. Again, this is an effort to get the ship as light as possible so they can sit higher in the water. iv. At the same time, they gave way the rudders allowing it to be used to steer freely rather than fighting against where the waves and wind were taking them. v. Finally, they hoisted the foresail to the wind and aimed the ship directly at the beach. vi. In this way, they go as fast as they are able directly toward the land. vii. Given this picture, the sailors were not trying to save the ship at all. They just wanted to get to the safety of land with enough speed to go over the top of shallower areas and stick the ship into the beach without it being pulled back out. viii. In this verse we may suppose some contradictions. Luke had said that they had cast the tackle overboard, meaning the sailing and mooring equipment, but here they clearly still have ropes, sails, and anchors. ix. But the items Luke lists here would not have been included in the tackle. 1. The four anchors used to hold the ship would not have been the main mooring equipment which would have been much larger and heavier. This is probably why they had to use 4 anchors to hold the ship in place. 2. The foresail here is not a large sail used for sailing the high seas. It is a much smaller sail at the front of the ship used to help steer the ship in more precise ways. x. So, there is no contradiction. The heaviest equipment has long been tossed into the sea. They are making due with what they have. c. [Slide 7] 41 - But striking a reef where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground; and the bow stuck fast and remained immovable, but the stern began to be broken up by the force of the waves. i. Despite their efforts to beach the ship, the currents coming around the island had formed a sandbar or reef before the beach. ii. Just below the surface, perhaps unable to be seen because of the wind and waves, the ship was not able to pass over it. iii. And so the bow of the ship stuck fast into it and was effectively lodged. No amount of rowing would move it. iv. Commentators reflect on the stony make up of Malta and how when that stone is beaten up by salt water it turns into clay. v. The shallow portions of St. Paul's Bay in Malta is made up of this very sticky clay. vi. Just like when you put your boot into some thick mud and have trouble retrieving your foot with your boot still on, the ship, striking this clay with force, would suck the ship in and not let it out. vii. Meanwhile the stern of the ship, still floating freely, continued to be pushed by the waves and wind. This would have created a great deal of torque on the vessel causing the stern to be beaten and ripped away from the rest of the ship that was immovable. viii. At this point, it is clear that the ship will be utterly destroyed. d. [Slide 8] Summary of the Point: As Luke closes out this narrative episode of the storm, we see very clearly the point he is making. God's Word always comes to pass exactly as He says it. God told Paul that the ship would run aground on some island and be destroyed, and that is exactly what happened. God's Word is always true. It always comes to pass. So, we must trust the Word of the Lord. We must trust it explicitly. We must trust every single word. Transition: [Slide 9 (blank)] But there are some things God has told Paul that have not yet come to pass. Specifically, the salvation of every person aboard' s life. They are not to shore yet. The ship is breaking apart. Many cannot swim. Will God keep His Word… well if you were listening to the summary of the last point you should be saying…. YES! Let's see how. II.) God's Word always comes to pass exactly as He says it, so we must be careful how we approach the Word of God. (42-44) a. [Slide 10] 42 - Now the soldiers' plan was to kill the prisoners, so that none of them would swim away and escape; i. Since the loss of the ship seems immanent and since it will be a much less organized and supervised disembarking of the vessel, the Roman soldiers seek to protect their own lives after the storm is over. ii. Paul and others were bound for Rome as prisoners. iii. As we have pointed out when we talked about Peter escaping prison and Herod executing the guards, and again with the Philippian jailer, a soldier in charge of keeping prisoners would adopt the sentence of any who escaped. Paul's charge is a capital one. He is on trial for treason. If Paul escapes, the soldiers aboard would surely be put to death. iv. Since they believe that every single person will live through the wreck of the ship, they understand the very real possibility that some of these prisoners will use the opportunity and the confusion to escape. v. Therefore, they will kill the prisoners now to prevent this. vi. We see immediately the contradiction of logic. If they believe that every person will be brought through the storm, how can they seek to kill them before they are saved from it? vii. But this is in keeping with a pagan understanding of oracles and prophesy. viii. Oracles were seen as coming from the gods, but were often quite ambiguous and open for interpretation. So much so, that every predicted outcome comes with a certain level of uncertainty. ix. There would also be a sense of reading between the lines of an oracle. Paul said that there would be no loss of life, but they seek to take life. So, it is a loop hole. x. Paul said that the angel told him that God has granted him all those who are sailing with him. But they are no longer sailing once they run aground. Another loop hole. xi. Paul's god is surely like their gods who acted in deceit and underhandedness to get their way. So it is appropriate to look for loop holes since he is probably trying to trick them. xii. And so, though they believe God, they perceive His word as something that can be altered and manipulated to serve their own interests. xiii. Of course, God's Word is never broken… b. [Slide 11] 43 - but the centurion, wanting to bring Paul safely through, kept them from their intention, and ordered that those who could swim should jump overboard first and get to land, 44 - and the rest should follow, some on planks, and others on various things from the ship. And so it happened that they all were brought safely to land. i. Paul had obviously had a lasting impact on Julius, this centurion of the Augustan Cohort. ii. He had been right about everything so far in the voyage. iii. So, the centurion puts the kibosh on this discussion. iv. Instead, he moves right into action planning. v. He orders that all hands abandon ship. First, that all those who can swim should go overboard and start swimming to the land. vi. The rest should grab on to anything they were able to and use them as flotation devices to help them swim to the beach. vii. There is a possibility that this phrase could be translated for them to hold on to the backs of those who knew how to swim. Either way – we get the idea. viii. And as they obeyed the centurion, so it was that God kept his promise to the letter. No loopholes. No wiggle room. ix. The ship was lost, having run aground on some island that no one knew. x. But all those who sailed with Paul reached the shore alive. xi. God keeps His promises. c. [Slide 12] Summary of the Point: And so, we see, God's Word comes to pass. Exactly as He said it would. God kept His promise and all passengers aboard are delivered safely to the shores of Malta. But what lessons should we learn negatively from the soldiers who attempted to take the lives of the prisoners while still aboard the ship? It is, really, the inverse of the previous application. We must trust the Word of the Lord to be fulfilled exactly as He says it will be. And therefore, unlike the soldiers, we should not seek to manipulate the Word of God in order to personally benefit or care for ourselves. God's Word cannot be broken. So, we must break instead. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today that informs or corrects our beliefs and shapes our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: [Slide 13] As we reach the resolution of this narrative it becomes abundantly obvious that Luke is making much of the fact that the Word of God cannot be stopped. In fact, if you trace this through the book of Acts, there are multiple times where Luke says that the Word of God spread and the church grew. This is a mega-theme in the book of Acts. God's Word, His promises, His will, cannot be broken. So much so that to stand against it is to assure yourselves of certain doom. It is to put yourself at odds with the Creator. Because God's Word will be fulfilled exactly as it was proclaimed, all men are called to believe God and turn from opposing or manipulating what He has said. But let me get a little more specific with how this might apply to us today. 1.) [Slide 14] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God's Word will not be broken. a. No matter how unlikely, no matter how ridiculous, no matter how outlandish – God's Word continues to be true to the letter. b. From the prophesies about Cyrus, naming him, 150 years before he was born, to the predictions of the Messiah which Jesus fulfills, to the promise to Noah about a worldwide flood, to the promise to Abraham to establish a covenant… God has always… ALWAYS kept His word. c. We are overtly told that God doesn't lie. d. He never makes a promise He won't fulfill. e. He never says something that doesn't quite work out the way He said it would. f. And the crazy thing is that God has given us His Word. g. These passengers aboard this boat had to trust Paul that an angel was sent by God to tell him what would happen. By the time it gets to the passengers, it is like 4th hand information. h. But for us the very Words of God are written to us and the Spirit of God illuminates the hearts of those whom He desires to know and understand the Word. i. We read the scriptures knowing that these are the very words of God. j. Therefore, they are not up for debate. They are not up for review. We cannot edit them. We cannot add to or take away from them. k. What does that mean? 2.) [Slide 15] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must trust God's Word to the letter. a. We are not sitting as judges over the Word of God determining its value, its legitimacy, or its authority. b. We are, instead, in the humble position of coming to the Word of God to be broken and formed around God's thoughts. c. Charles Haddon Spurgeon once said, “The Word of God is the anvil upon which the opinions of men are smashed.” d. We must come to the Word of God as though it is an anvil. We take our wills, our thoughts, our opinions, our desires, our hopes, our dreams, our beliefs, our lifestyles, our identities, our orientations, our worldviews, and we lay them on its surface. e. The Spirit of God strikes with the hammer of illumination… and only what remains unbroken is of value. f. Everything else must be cast aside. g. It could not be simpler. h. If you believe something God's Word says is false, then YOU are wrong. i. If you do something God condemns, then YOU are wrong. j. If you desire something God forbids, then YOU are wrong. k. If you are hoping in yourself when God calls you to hope in Him, YOU are wrong. l. So let the hammer fall. Trust what God has said and let everything destroyed by it fall away. m. Which means we must stop doing something too… 3.) [Slide 16] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop twisting or manipulating God's Word to fit our desires. a. Even natural desires and things that might be relatively amoral or even morally good… are subject to the Word and will of God. b. The soldiers desired to live and not die because a prisoner escaped. A morally good thing. c. God did NOT promise that the prisoners would not escape. d. God did NOT promise to spare the soldiers from death after the storm. e. In one sense, they trusted God's Word. f. But not without twisting and manipulating it for their own ends. g. But before we start thinking that this is an activity of pagans alone… h. Christians do this all the time. We twist and manipulate the scriptures to fit our own agendas and desires. i. Christians do word searches to find where the scripture uses the particular word or theme they desire and cherry pick that verse and insert meaning into it. j. Others read passages of scripture and before asking the questions, “What is God saying and what does it mean?” They skip right to the question, “What about my life is this passage speaking to?” Or worse, they ask, “What does this text mean… TO ME?” k. And still others find passages of scripture which directly conflict with what they believe or how they live and rather than breaking on the anvil, they discard the anvil itself and replace it with something much less firm. They reinterpret passages creatively to allow for their aberrant belief or lifestyle. l. Every week I preach I ask the same question. m. What have we learned that informs and corrects our belief and guides or shapes our lifestyle? This is the question that must be asked and it can only be asked after we learn what God says and what He means by saying what He has said. n. This is how we MUST treat the Word of God. If we do not come to it humbly, ready to be broken and changed by it, we will still be judged by what it says. o. No matter how much we have abused, twisted, or manipulated it, what it says will condemn us. p. I read a quote just last night. It said I have read the bible through and found many errors and they were all of them… in me. q. May this be the way we see the Word of God. 4.) [Slide 17] Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” God's Word declares that each person is appointed once to die and then to be judged. And that the Lord will punish every sin and reward the righteous with life. a. In the end the Word of God promises that only those who are perfectly and perpetually righteous will inherit the Kingdom of God. b. Only those who have never sinned and have fulfilled all of what God has said will be included in God's Kingdom. c. Only those who are holy as God is holy can join His holy kingdom. d. But you say, no one is perfect. No one is righteous. No one is holy. e. You are right. You agree with the scriptures. They teach the same. f. So, if God's requirement is that everyone be perfect and no one is… how is it that any inherit the Kingdom of God? g. THAT, is the riddle that the bible puts forward. That is what was so shocking to those who listened to Jesus when He said that our righteousness must exceed the Pharisee's righteousness. h. So what is the answer to the riddle? i. Christ takes the punishment of sin and Christ provides perfect standing before God. j. II Corinthians 5:21 says that He BECAME sin who knew no sin that we might BECOME the righteousness of God. k. Just as Christ took sin to pay its price so also he gave us righteousness so that we might always be declared perfect before God. l. And this transaction is only available to those who trust in Jesus as Savior and who submit to Him as Lord. m. My friends, if you are within the sound of my voice and you have not trusted what God has said, that you are a great sinner and that Jesus is a greater savior and Lord… then I implore you to turn from your sin, and trust in and follow Jesus. n. If you are here today and would like to talk to someone about this, you can talk to any Elder here. We'd be happy to share more about this with you. [Slide 18 (end)] Let me close with a prayer by the church father Augustine of Hippo My soul yearns to know this most entangled enigma, Lord. Please do not shut it away, good Father. I beg you through Christ, do not close off those familiar and not-so-familiar things from me. Do not keep me from entering, but let their light dawn on me in your mercy. Who else could I ask? And to whom can I admit my ignorance? I long to understand your word. I never grow tired of it. Please give me what I love, for I do love it. And you have given me this love, because you know how to give good gifts to your children. Please grant me understanding, since I have done my best to understand, and I will continue in that hard labor until you open the way. I beg you, through Christ and in his name, let no one sidetrack me in this. "I believed; therefore I have spoken" (2 Corinthians 4:13). This is my hope and I live for this: that I may contemplate the joys of my Lord. I pray this in Jesus' name, Amen. Benediction: Now, as you depart, Take His Yoke upon you and learn from Him for He is gentle and humble of heart that you might find in Him, rest for your souls. For he has said, I give My sheep eternal life and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of My hand. Until we meet again, go in peace.

Esoteric Crossroads: Scholars Meet Practitioners is a new collaborative video series, launched in 2025, co-produced by Rejected Religion and RENSEP. Hosted by Stephanie Shea, each session brings together scholars and practitioners for thoughtful dialogue on esoteric traditions. This audio is an edited version of the live (video) session on Initiatory Wicca that took place in March 2025. If you are interested to learn more and join the upcoming discussions, please visit www.rensep.org or my Patreon page: www.patreon.com/RejectedReligion. Judith Noble is Professor of Film and the Occult at Arts University Plymouth (UK). She began her career as an artist filmmaker, exhibiting work internationally and worked for over twenty years as a production executive in the film industry, working with directors including Peter Greenaway and Amma Asante. Her current research centers on artists' moving image, Surrealism, the occult and work by women artists, and she has published on filmmakers including Maya Deren, Derek Jarman and Kenneth Anger. Her most recent publications include: The Dance of Moon and Sun – Ithell Colquhoun, British Women and Surrealism (editor, 2023, Fulgur) and ‘A Convocation of Theurgists – Kenneth Anger's Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome and West Coast Occulture' in Sci-Fi, Magick, Queer LA – Sexual Science and the Imagination (eds Lexi Bard Johnson and Kelly Filreis, One Archive/USC, 2024), and a chapter on the work of Penny Slinger in Animation and International Surrealism (ed Abigail Susik, Bloomsbury, 2925). She is a board member of RENSEP (the Research Network for Esoteric Practices, and a founder member of the Black Mirror Research network and the artists' collective the Inner Space Exploration Unit. She continues to practice as an artist, making artist's books and text+image works, and filmmaker; her most recent film is Fire Spells (2022), a collaboration with director Tom Chick. Her recent work can be found at www.iseu.space. Her film work is distributed by Cinenova. Rufus Harrington is an initiate of Both the Alexandrian and Gardnerian traditions of Wiccan practice. He has more than Forty years of experience initiating and training Wiccan initiates in many parts of the world. He is a Trustee of the Doreen Valiente Foundation (DVF), which protects and preserves many of the original Books of Shadows belonging to Gerald Gardner and Doreen Valiente. Working as a Director of Clinical Studies at the University of Cumbria He trained over 500 cognitive behavioural psychotherapists to work in the NHS. He has worked extensively in the field of mental health, working as a Clinical Director for the Priory Group of Hospitals, For BAE systems and the Police. He has developed specialist resilience training programs that have won national recognition and awards. Rufus is an initiate of the Bricket Wood Coven founded by Gerald Gardner. His initiatory lineage weaves together many of the most influential lines of initiation in British Wiccan tradition. He has lived through and been part of the evolution of Initiatory Wiccan practice in the UK.Music and Audio Production: Stephanie Shea This series is presented by Research Network for the Study of Esoteric Practices - www.rensep.org and Rejected Religion.

Title: “Who Commands the Waves and Wind?” Part 2 Text: Acts 27:13-38 FCF: We often struggle with the paradox of God's grace and man's responsibility Prop: Because God's grace alone through faith alone saves, we must trust the Lord. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 27. In a moment we'll read from the Legacy Standard Bible starting from verse 1 and going through verse 38. You can follow along in the pew bible or whatever version you prefer. Our maritime adventure continues today. After leaving Paul, his companions, and an Alexandrian grain ship struggling to make progress to Italy, now they are docked in a place called Fair Havens. Paul attempted to convince the centurion to winter the ship in this port, but the pilot and captain of the ship have convinced him instead to try for Phoenix, a port 40 miles up the coast of Crete. The opposition of the wind and waves will continue to be an issue as we go forward, but in the midst of the tempest God gives grace and expects faith from all those aboard the ship. The rest of this story serves as a potent example of how God saves His people. Please stand with me to focus on and give honor to the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Good and Gracious God. We are humbled that You would transcend to us and commune with us in Your worship. Yet You have promised that You are among us. I pray that You would allow Your Spirit to speak to us today. To illuminate the text of the scriptures and show us Your love. I pray that You might unveil difficult mysteries to our hearts to perceive truth. And I pray that You would open eyes and give new hearts so that if there are those among us who do not truly believe on You, that today would be the day of their salvation. I pray this in Jesus' name, Amen. Transition: We have a LOT of text to cover. So, let's get to it. I.) God's sovereign grace alone saves, so we must trust the Lord. (13-29) a. [Slide 2] 13 - And when a moderate south wind came up, thinking that they had attained their purpose, they weighed anchor and began sailing along the shore of Crete. i. As they waited for the opportune moment to depart for Phoenix, it seemed that the wisdom of the sailors was superior to the words of the apostle. ii. At least at first. iii. A southern wind comes up from Africa allowing them to sail north west along the coast of Crete. iv. All seems to be going their way and Paul proves to be another ignorant religious nut. b. [Slide 3] 14 - But before very long there rushed down from the land a violent wind, called Euraquilo; 15 - and when the ship was caught in it and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and let ourselves be carried along. 16 - And running under the shelter of a small island called Clauda, we were scarcely able to get the ship's boat under control. i. There are several things happening here that are shrouded in maritime understanding. ii. This violent wind called a Euraquilo, is what we might refer to as a Nor'easter. Eura is the Greek word for East wind and Aquilo is the Latin word for North wind. iii. Such winds on the Mediterranean were greatly feared by sailors. They could come up out of nowhere and usually had disastrous impacts leading to loss of cargo and life. iv. Luke tells how the ship was caught in the wind and could not face it. Meaning that though they lowered the sails and attempted to row their way back to shore while keeping the bow of the ship pointed into the wind, they were unable to do so. v. [Slide 4] This being the case, they stopped rowing and allowed the waves and wind to carry them out to sea. vi. They were driven down past a very small island called Clauda or Cauda and were, as Luke says, scarcely able to get the ship's boat under control. vii. But what is the ship's boat? viii. A large ship like this would require a smaller vessel to allow for maintenance to be done on the ship. It also would allow for the large ship to anchor in greater depths while a small complement would sail to the coast for supplies. ix. These boats were usually towed at the back of the boat during the voyage. x. Losing the ship's boat would spell certain doom for the cargo and all those aboard. xi. So, using the shelter of the tiny island of Clauda, they were able to raise the boat to the deck. c. [Slide 5] 17 - After they had hoisted it up, they used supporting cables in undergirding the ship. Fearing that they might run aground on the shallows of Syrtis, they let down the sea anchor and in this way let themselves be carried along. i. Upon successfully rescuing the boat and hoisting it up to the deck, they wrapped cables under the ship's hull. These cables would be tightened down to add even more stability to the ship's hull, keeping it from breaking apart. ii. The shallows of Syrtis are a group of sandbars and shoals off the coast of Northern Africa. At this time, it was known as a ship's graveyard having claimed many ships who had run aground. iii. Also, to keep themselves from being blown this far south, they dropped their sea anchor. iv. Unlike other anchors which are designed to hold a ship in place as it is catches on the ground under water… a Sea anchor is used to stabilize a boat's movements adding drag in deep water which allowed them to keep the bow of the ship pointed into the coming waves or winds, effectively preventing the ship from being blown over and capsizing and giving them some control over how far they were pushed by the waves. v. With the sea anchor down, the sails would remain down and as Luke says, they were carried to wherever the waves would take them. d. [Slide 6] 18 - And the next day as we were being violently storm-tossed, they began to jettison the cargo; 19 - and on the third day they cast the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands. 20 - And since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned. i. This Nor'easter continued for 3 days dragging them along. ii. What is the danger they face? iii. They face two dangers. 1. The first is running aground on some rocks or sandbar with no land in sight. 2. The second is the waves and wind themselves. Which would constantly be blowing the ship around and filling the ship with water. iv. So how do they mitigate both of these dangers? Make the ship lighter. If the ship is lighter it will sit in the water higher. If it sits in the water higher it can travel through shallower waters and go over waves much easier. v. So that is what they do. They jettison the cargo. As we said before, this was a grain ship. By cargo, Luke probably does not mean the grain. At least not yet. vi. Cargo here means anything that is not absolutely essential. They also toss the tackle overboard. The tackle would be anything used to move and lift cargo as well as sailing and mooring equipment. vii. This would be a desperate move to be sure. To spare their lives, they must even risk being without sailing and mooring equipment. If they make it out of the storm alive, they would have to row their way to a port. viii. But their chances of finding their heading were very low. Because they had neither seen sun, nor stars for many days. This is how they navigated on the sea. By the sun and the stars and their positions. ix. Not only were they without sailing capabilities – they were also without navigation. They were blind and set adrift. x. No wonder Luke says that their hope was fading. Yes, even Luke himself is giving up hope that he would make it out alive. Beacuse as far as Luke was concerned, God could rescue Paul without saving him. xi. Once again, the voyage faces great peril and difficulty from “nature.” And once again, Paul has some words of advice for all of those on this voyage. e. [Slide 7] 21 - And when they had gone a long time without food, then Paul stood up in their midst and said, “Men, you ought to have followed my advice to not set sail from Crete and to avoid this damage and loss. 22 - “And now I advise you to be cheerful, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. 23 - “For this very night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood before me, 24 - saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.' 25 - “Therefore, be cheerful, men, for I believe God that it will turn out exactly as I have been told. 26 - “But we must run aground on some island.” i. No doubt they were not eating because of the inevitable sea sickness that would have overtaken most of the passengers aboard. ii. Nothing kills hunger like nausea. iii. Tired, sick, drenched, and afraid, Paul addresses these men with a message of hope. iv. First, he points out that his advice was to stay in Crete at Fair Havens and that advice being disregarded has led them down this path of destruction and loss. v. I don't think Paul says this as an “I told you so” but rather to motivate them to take his next piece of advice. vi. He advises that they be cheerful because just as he rightly predicted the destruction and loss, he now predicts that although the ship and all its cargo will be lost, not one member of the ship would lose their lives. vii. But how does Paul know this? viii. He explains how God's messenger, an angel, told him not to be afraid because he will surely stand before Caesar and that God has given or granted to Paul all that are sailing with him. ix. Contextually we know that this doesn't mean that all of these men will convert to Christ… but rather that all of their earthly lives will be spared from this storm. x. So, Paul reasserts his advice. They must rejoice because God will do what He has promised… xi. But then he reveals a terrifying prospect. They must abandon the hope of saving the ship and its cargo. Why? xii. He revels exactly how the ship will be lost. It will be run aground on an island. Paul was not told which one specifically. f. [Slide 8] 27 - But when the fourteenth night came, as we were being carried about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors began to suspect that some land was approaching them. 28 - And when they took soundings, they found it to be twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they took another sounding and found it to be fifteen fathoms. 29 - And fearing that we might run aground somewhere on the rocks, they cast four anchors from the stern and were praying for daybreak. i. We don't know exactly how long it was since Paul gave this advice, but on the 14th day of the storm, they were still being carried about by the Adriatic Sea. ii. Today, the Adriatic Sea is what we would call the sea between the Apennine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula. In the first century this would have been known as the Gulf of Adria and the Adriatic Sea would refer to central portion of the Mediterranean Sea. iii. About midnight the sailors began suspecting that they were approaching land. They no doubt began hearing the crashing of waves against something in the distance. iv. So, they began to take soundings to measure the depths. Their first measurement came in at 120 feet or 20 fathoms. Their next measurement was 90 feet. v. Knowing now that the land below them was rising, they fearfully took measures to anchor the ship in place to prevent it being dashed to pieces on the rocks. vi. They cast four anchors from the back of the ship. And they began to pray – to various gods no doubt – for daybreak to come so they could get their bearings. vii. So once again we see the cycle repeat. viii. Things are going well, things start going bad, Paul gives advice, they do not heed it, and things get worse. ix. They have tried everything in their own power to save the ship and prevent financial ruin. When all has failed, they finally beg the gods, any who might hear them, to bring them through the storm. x. In contrast, Paul told them that a God they did not serve, and never sought, had already informed him that although the ship would be lost by being run aground, not one single life aboard the ship would be lost. xi. This is the contrast of works and grace. This is the contrast of false gods and the only true God. Yahweh alone is full of grace and love. g. [Slide 9] Summary of the Point: Luke's primary point of teaching is found within the second piece of advice given by Paul. I call it advice by Paul, but really it is a Word from the Lord. God has told Paul that he will go before Caesar and that all the people aboard the ship will make it through this storm with their lives. God does this, not because these passengers aboard believe on Him, not because they have sought His face, not because they have prayed to Him, not because they are His faithful people. Indeed, God does not need to save all those on board in order to bring Paul to Caesar. But by the Word of His Sovereign grace, God chooses freely to save and preserve the life of all 276 people aboard the ship. Such a God deserves our exclusive trust and devotion. And that is exactly what Paul does. Paul is convinced that God will do as He has promised. We too must trust what God has said and reorient our lives around everything He says as truth. This is what saving faith is. Transition: [Slide 10 (blank)] Well, the situation is dire. Paul has given two pieces of advice and both have been disregarded by the passengers on board. Things continue to get worse and worse for them. And what usually happens when a group of people are in a desperate situation? Things start to get ugly as people start to get selfish. II.) It is by God's sovereign grace through faith that we are saved, so we must trust the Lord. (30-38) a. [Slide 11] 30 - But as the sailors were trying to escape from the ship and had let down the ship's boat into the sea, on the pretense of intending to lay out anchors from the bow, i. In this Maritime adventure the pattern has remained consistent. 1. Things are going well. 2. Things start NOT going well 3. Paul gives advice. 4. No one heeds his advice. ii. That cycle repeated itself twice. iii. Most recently, they were still trying to save the ship and the cargo along with the lives of the sailors even though Paul clearly said that the ship would be lost. iv. But now we omit step 1. Things don't go well again. In fact, things get worse. v. The sailors, pretending to go to tie anchors to the bow, began to take the boat of the ship for themselves and abandon everyone else and the cargo to the waves and the wind. vi. Again, we see the natural sinful and selfish nature of man. Rather than believing Paul's words and risking being shipwrecked on some island, they intended to leave those untrained at sailing to their fate. vii. But Paul speaks yet again with a warning. b. [Slide 12] 31 - Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, “Unless these men remain in the ship, you yourselves cannot be saved.” i. But wait a second. God already promised them that not one life would be lost. ii. Does it matter if these sailors leave? iii. Remember, this isn't all God said. He also said the ship must run aground and be lost. iv. This forms the first of two examples demonstrating the paradoxical tension between God's sovereign grace and man's responsibility. 1. Who is going to save these men from dying in this storm? Certainly, God is. That is what the Angel said. “God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.” 2. But God's sovereign grace in that promise is not without men's responsibility to act in ways that pursue that salvation. 3. God's sovereign grace to spare these men included their participation in using their skills to run the ship aground in a controlled way so that they could all abandon the ship together and get to shore safely. 4. So, using their skills becomes an exercise of faith. 5. God ultimately doesn't need their skills to do this – but certainly abandoning the ship is done in disbelief that running aground and all of their lives being spared somehow both will be true like God said. 6. As James endeavors to demonstrate, faith that saves is woven to works. Not that faith and works save. They do not. But there is more than one kind of faith. The faith that saves is a faith that produces action. Belief without pursuit of what is believed in… is not belief at all. 7. Saying you believe zip lines are completely safe, but never going on one… means you have no idea what you are talking about. v. Paul's point is, that ultimately these sailors must act in faith that the ship will run aground and all the lives will be spared. There is no reason to try to save your own life before the ship is run aground. This is not faith in God's word. vi. This is the third time Paul has given advice in this maritime adventure. And the first two times, no one listened to him. And things have only gotten worse. vii. So, what will happen now? Have they learned their lesson? c. [Slide 13] 32 - Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the ship's boat and let it fall away. i. For the first time, someone is listening to Paul's advice. ii. The Roman soldiers, in a sense, force a response of everyone aboard the ship. They cut away the boat preventing anyone from trying to escape. iii. In doing this, they ensure that the ship runs aground, not on the beach, but in some way that the ship will not survive; just as God said. d. [Slide 14] 33 - Until the day was about to dawn, Paul was encouraging them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you have been constantly watching and going without eating, having taken nothing. 34 - Therefore, I encourage you to take some food, for this is for your salvation, for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.” 35 - And having said these things, he took bread and gave thanks to God in the presence of all. And he broke it and began to eat. i. The first thing we see Paul do after they listen to his latest piece of advice, is to reiterate his previous advice. ii. Now that they are beginning to believe God – yes, they are that desperate that they will believe Paul's God… iii. Paul now reiterates his previous advice. iv. They should be cheerful; they should take food for themselves. v. And this is the second example in this point where the sovereign grace of God is paradoxically linked with the responsibility of men. 1. Once again, we ask, who is going to save these men from dying in this storm? Certainly, God is. 2. But here, Paul encourages them to eat. And he says “for this is for your salvation, for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.” 3. Well, is food saving them or is God saving them? 4. God is the ultimate actor in the salvation of their present lives, but just as the sailors must execute their duties as an act of faith that the ship would be lost but all the lives saved, so also everyone aboard must eat food as an act of faith in the same promise. a. Will they really believe that the ship and all its cargo will be lost, as God has said? b. Will they really believe that their lives will be spared by God? c. How would we know? d. Taking food to sustain their bodies is an act of faith. How so? i. Eating food is a confession of faith that God will save their life. ii. Eating food is an act that comes with the expectation that by taking this, they will live on the energy this food provides for many more days. iii. Eating food is a confession that these supplies will be lost soon anyway, so they might as well use them while they still have them. iv. Eating food is an act of faith in that they believe they must have strength to swim to shore, since they will run aground and they don't have a boat. v. Eating food breaks a fast to recognize that the answer has been given and they need not seek another. e. Is eating some great act of merit? Does eating require great effort on their part? No. f. Is the food they eat something that is theirs or has it been granted to them? It has been given to them, as all things have by God. g. There is deep symbolism here of the work of salvation. Luke intends for us to see the correlation between God saving these men and how God saves us. h. Christ is our spiritual food and drink. He is the bread and the water and the wine. He is the vine. We must eat and drink and live by Him… but doing so is all given to us by God. 5. God has provided their salvation and the means He uses to communicate their salvation to them is their faith in His words. 6. In a similar way, God has provided salvation to us by grace but uses His gift of ongoing faith in Christ to sustain us to the day of our salvation. vi. So, Paul breaks bread and gives thanks to God and gives an example of faith by eating. While the language here is similar to the Lord's Supper, I do not think that is what is happening here. I think Luke would make it more obvious if this was the case. vii. But we do see this at very least as a picture of that picture. This is a meal of faith to be sure. They eat while they still can, preparing to be shipwrecked and so sustain their lives and strengthen their bodies believing God that they will run aground but live through this storm. e. [Slide 15] 36 - And all of them became cheerful and they themselves also took food. 37 - And all of us in the ship were 276 persons. 38 - And when they had eaten enough, they began to lighten the ship by throwing out the wheat into the sea. i. And here we see, after faith, the last vestige of hope in their previous endeavor dies. ii. They finally lighten the ship with throwing out… probably millions of dollars' worth of wheat. iii. Just as the rich young ruler was told to sell all he had to follow Jesus… These people had a choice to make. iv. Will they believe God to the extent that they abandon hope in any other outcome than what God has said? v. Will they stay on the ship until it runs aground? vi. Will they eat enough to give them strength to swim to shore and fight for their life? vii. Will they abandon all hopes of getting their payday? viii. They believe. They eat… and they throw the wheat into the sea. ix. This is akin to crucifying yourself and following Christ. They give the wheat and their hopes at making money, and potentially even their future careers as sailors, to the depths of the earth… so that they can save what is more precious… Their lives. x. This seems a lot like the parable of Jesus. Jesus said that the gospel was like a man who found a treasure in a field and sold all he owned to purchase the field to acquire the treasure knowing that the treasure was more precious than all his riches. xi. All 276 persons aboard the ship trust what Paul's God has said. xii. We'll have to wait until next week to see what happens to them. f. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: It is interesting to see the correlation between God saving these passenger's lives from the storm and how God saves us from sin. Sin is a raging storm tossing us about. We are all born as slaves of sin and of our father the devil. We are by nature the offspring of the serpent. Children of wrath like the rest. And just as God freely chose to save the lives of the people on board this ship, so God has freely chosen to save the souls of His elect. What God has determined to do by His Sovereign grace, will be done. But that, as we see here, includes men's response. Even though these people were told that God would spare their lives, it is clear that God would communicate that deliverance through their active faith. True and genuine belief that God would destroy the ship but save their lives, meant that they would use their skills, energy, and strength to both abandon hope in anything else and hope in His promise. In a similar way, God saves us by grace through faith. It is all of Him. He gives us new hearts to receive gifts of repentance and faith… but these gifts when received will produce action. Belief that produces action is what saving faith looks like. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today and how does that inform or correct our belief and guide our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: [Slide 17] Today we have seen that great paradox, that tension of God's sovereign grace and man's responsibility. God told Paul that He would spare the lives of everyone aboard the ship but that the ship would run aground on an island and be lost. If everyone aboard did not believe it would God have still saved them? I think we can answer that question with a yes. Why? Because God doesn't lie. But… Paul makes it clear that without the sailor's skill in navigating the boat safely to run aground, and without the passengers eating to sustain their life and give themselves energy and strength to swim to shore, then they cannot be saved. In this we see that part of God's grace included a means of getting them safely to an island. It included them believing God. And so, we see Ephesians 2:8-9 demonstrated for us. God saved them by His grace. He did not allow them to earn this salvation. But to be saved they must believe His word, to the extent that they live as if it were true. In a similar way God, by grace, gives new hearts to His people. Hearts now capable of receiving and responding with His gifts of repentance and faith. God removes all other responses as desirable. We see Him doing the same in this maritime adventure. All other options are unavailable and undesirable. By the end, the only option any of them had was to trust God and live in such a way that what He said would be. But even if you got completely lost in all the discussion of God's grace and man's responsibility… the good news is that all you really have to understand is that because you can't save yourself, God sent His Son to pay the ransom for many. And if you are hearing this news and wanting it and believing it, it is because one of those people whom He paid that ransom for… was you! So, trust Him! Trust what He has said and trust what He has done. Trust it so much that your entire life will now be lived in its truth. But let me get a little more specific this morning. 1.) [Slide 18] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God acts alone in saving His people. This is what grace is. a. There is one truth stated clearly by Paul and rescued by the reformers coming out of the reformation. b. The capstone of reformation theology is that God saves us by His grace alone. c. Grace is God's favor granted according to His counsel and His purposes and His will. d. It, by definition, cannot be granted based on anything a person is or does. e. God promised to save all 276 people aboard this ship. He did this without asking their permission, without seeking their input, and without considering who they worshipped. f. A great example of this is the twins Jacob and Esau. g. God says, plainly, that despite the fact that neither of them had ever done anything good or evil, having not yet been born, God chose to love Jacob. He chose to love Jacob so much that by comparison He chose to hate Esau. h. God did not look into the future to see who Jacob and Esau would be and then chose to love Jacob. i. Instead, God's love for Jacob formed who Jacob was. God's lack of love for Esau allowed Esau to carve his own wicked path. j. God's favor… changes the trajectory of a person's life. So much so that when God's grace is given, the recipient of that grace will not and indeed cannot fail in the purposes for which God has given them favor. k. And the scriptures teach us that it is by grace that God saves His people. l. Not an ineffectual grace given to every person that may or may not accomplish what He gave it to do. m. But an effectual grace which will produce the result God desires. n. If we conclude otherwise than passages that speak of God's grace being something we all need and hope in, prove to be… in a word… useless. o. If God's grace has a possibility of not working… and the reason it doesn't work is because of me… then there is literally no difference between me doing something with or without God's grace. p. But if God's grace ALWAYS produces the result God gave it for… than we can rest that when the bible says that we are saved by God's grace… that it is not only sure but also… empty of us. It doesn't depend on us at all. q. God's grace alone saves and all who are given God's saving grace will be saved. This is how it must be. There is no other real alternative if we are to give God's grace the definition the New Testament writers do. r. But… 2.) [Slide 19] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that man has a responsibility to act upon God's gifts of repentance and faith. a. God does not merely give favor… to anyone… ever… and expect them to do NOTHING with it. b. In fact, I can't think of a single example where God empowers someone to do… nothing. I can't think of a single example where God favors someone and then ends up doing everything while they do nothing. c. This is what Paul points out on the ship. God has promised to favor these men and spare their lives. But that is not without the expectation that they would believe His word to the extent that they act in such a way to live out everything He has said. Even that they exert themselves using their skills, strength and energy to make it safely to shore. d. In the scriptures we note that repentance and faith, the message that Jesus preached, are both gifts of God. They are given to men after God has communicated saving grace to them. e. Meaning that God's favor, his power, his ability is granted so that men can receive the things He gives them… namely the reception of truth that they are wicked sinners and that Jesus is a marvelous savior. f. Upon truly receiving these gifts, which God's grace enables them to do, this person does what? g. They live as though it is true. h. How might one live if God has convinced you by grace through faith that you are a wicked sinner in need of a Savior and that Jesus is that savior? i. Would you trust the One who saved you? Would you desire to obey the God who rescued you? Would you seek to know more and more about Him? j. Indeed… k. But these responses are baked into God's grace. They are a necessary and sure response every time God gives saving grace to someone. l. That is why the 1689 confession calls faith… a grace. God gives it in His grace as a gift to be received and acted upon. m. So what must we do with the grace of faith if it has been gifted to us? 3.) [Slide 20] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must trust the Lord. a. Very simply… for everyone in this room… whether you are a follower of Christ or not… b. Here is the challenge of this passage. c. Will you believe God? d. Will you trust what God has said… to the fullest degree. So much so that your entire life reorients around His Word being true. e. This is the testimony of one of your Elders. He came to faith in Christ after beginning to assume that everything in the bible was true. It wasn't long before God captured His heart. f. And this is the testimony of every flailing Christian who can't seem to make progress. g. Well Christian… do you really believe that everything God says is true… h. So much so that your entire life is lived as if it is? i. My guess is… probably not. j. Let me illustrate simply by the example of prayer. k. If God is the creator and most high God, ruler of the universe, as He says He is. If God is Holy and awesome and causes instant fear to all who approach, as He says He is and does. If Christ has suffered violent death to provide access to God's throne and purification through His blood to stand before this God as His child… as He says… l. Then why do we rarely pray? m. Ah. n. You see, all our sins… all our failures… they are a faith problem not an obedience problem. Faith and works go hand in hand remember? If we are not obeying – it is because we are not believing. o. So, we must trust the Lord. p. But let me provide some comfort to you… 4.) [Slide 21] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” All the believing ones will be saved. a. My friends, do not cheapen what John 3:16 says. b. Do not turn it into a formula for “getting saved.” c. Jesus does NOT tell Nicodemus this to explain how someone gets saved. d. Let me give you the Chris paraphrase of this verse… Ready? e. God's love for all the people groups of the world is so immense, so great, that He took His unique Son, whom He ordained since the foundation of the world to be THE substitute and Savior, and He gave Him to fulfill that purpose so that all the ones who are believing on Him would not believe in vain and suffer eternal death, but would eventually be saved and granted eternal life. f. John 3:16 is not a formula for how to get saved… it is a promise to those who continue to trust God. g. Your faith… will be counted to you as righteousness. h. It is a promise predicated on God's great love for all the peoples of the world. i. What a comfort to us who are believers. j. But it is a terrifying thought for those who are not believing. k. So, what do you do? 5.) [Slide 22] Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” Though natural man is unable to understand and receive the gospel, God's grace enables men to see the truth and receive the gifts of repentance and faith. So, repent and believe the gospel. a. My friends. If you are here today… and you have seen clearly now that God is holy and will not allow even 1 sin to go unpunished. b. If you hear my voice and understand what I am saying that your sin has done nothing for you but carve your way to hell and wrath. c. If you have heard today of the grace of God and His gifts of faith and repentance and the assurances He has provided by trusting fully on Jesus as your LORD and your SAVIOR… d. Then it is reasonable for you to assume that God is calling you. e. It is reasonable to assume that God is giving you gifts of repentance and faith. f. So I implore you to use them. Turn from your sin. Trust Him enough to hate what He hates and flee what He says to flee. And believe on His Son who has paid your ransom price. Believe on Him so much that you will, from now on, endeavor to do all that He has commanded. g. Believe on Him so much that your allegiance has shifted from yourself, your will, your ways… to His. h. Become one who believes and keeps on believing on Jesus Christ alone… i. Then and only then can you inherit the promise of John 3:16. Then and only then will you know life and not death. [Slide 23 (end)] Let me close with a prayer by the Puritan Richard Alleine Lord, you are God, and your words are true, and you have promised goodness to your servants. You have left us nothing to ask from your hands but what you have already freely granted. Establish forever the word which you have spoken concerning your servants. Do as you have said, and let your name be magnified forever, saying, "The Lord of armies, he is the God of Israel." In Jesus' name we pray… Amen. Hallelujah. Benediction: The God who sent His Son to save, From guilt and darkness and the grave, be gracious to you and bless you And cause His face to shine upon you. Until we gather again tonight for the Lord's Supper, go in peace.

Title: “Who Commands the Waves and Wind?” Part 1 Text: Acts 27:1-12 FCF: We often struggle enduring in faith when we face circumstances, we know God could spare us from. Prop: Because God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, we must look beyond ourselves to endure in faith. Scripture Intro: Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 27. It is even more important for you to turn there today considering that there will be no text on the screen. In a moment, I will read the first 36 verses of Acts 27 from the Legacy Standard bible. You can follow along in the pew bible or in whatever version you prefer. As we hasten onward toward the end of this study in the book of Acts, one which has taken us over two years to get to this point, Luke ushers us toward the final episodes of this last Act of his narrative. Luke's purposes have never been to provide a strict history of the early church. Instead, he has written to confirm to a man named Theophilus, and by extension all believers in Jesus Christ, that what we have believed is true and dependable. In this final Act, Luke has not so subtly shown how God is in control of all things and works all things according to the counsel of His will to accomplish His purposes and complete His story of the world which He has already written. Paul has no more criminal trials to face save one. A hearing before Emperor Nero in Rome. A hearing granted to all Roman citizens who appeal to Caesar. And so, in what could have been a short 24 day trip, we will see that God has other things planned for this apostle. Please stand with me to focus on and give honor to the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Most Gracious, Holy, Loving, and Powerful God. You are Alpha and Omega. You are the first and You are the last. From You all of creation has life and by You all of creation consists. There is not one rogue molecule in creation for You control everything for Your glory and for Your purposes. In a day and an age when such doctrines are derided and hated by natural men and even despised by some who claim to be Your people, I pray that we would find comfort and peace in believing that nothing happens without Your plan and consent and without some purpose for which You have established before the foundation of the World. Help us today to see these truths in spite of what our eyes see… we pray this in Jesus' name… Amen. Transition: Let's get right to the text this morning. I.) God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, so we must trust the Lord. (1-8) a. 1 - Now when it was decided that we would sail for Italy, they proceeded to deliver Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan cohort named Julius. 2 - And getting aboard an Adramyttian ship, which was about to sail to the regions along the coast of Asia, we set sail accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica. 3 - The next day we put in at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration and allowed him to go to his friends and receive care. 4 - And from there we set sail and sailed under the shelter of Cyprus because the winds were against us. i. So, after 2 years of waiting for the Lord Jesus' words to come to pass, that Paul would go to Rome to preach the gospel, it seems that Paul is finally on his way. ii. Paul, along with other prisoners, was transferred into the guard of a centurion who would have been stationed in Judea. A centurion of the Augustan cohort. iii. Luke no doubt provides this information to us to establish secular witness to the events that he is about to describe in the next chapter and a half. iv. Many of the events that follow are quite unbelievable. But Luke has provided enough information to track this Roman Centurion down and ask him directly if such things have occurred. v. Julius charts a merchant ship from Adramyttium, a city in a bay across from the island of Lesbos between Troas and Pergamum. vi. Why does he chart a merchant ship? vii. Quite simply, there was no other way to travel by sea in the Roman Empire. There were vessels of commerce and vessels of war. There was no such thing as passenger vessels. viii. This ship's destination was to travel the coast of Asia minor, no doubt heading back to the Adramyttium. ix. Luke also lists two more of Paul's companions who joined him on this trip and would serve as eye witnesses to all that happened. The first is very obvious. 1. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, is probably the same Aristarchus who was dragged into the theater to face the rioting crowds in Ephesus in Acts 19. a. Aristarchus is also said to have accompanied Paul to Jerusalem on his most recent visit that has turned into a 2-year plus endeavor. b. It is impossible to know if Aristarchus has been in Jerusalem or Caesarea since Paul was imprisoned. But he seems to have been in Caesarea in time to join Paul on his trip to Rome. 2. The second companion is harder to spot, but since you all are very perceptive people, I'm sure you have spotted Luke in this text. a. In verse 1 it says “we would sail” meaning of course that Paul's companion Luke would join him on this trip too. b. So, both Luke and Aristarchus would be eye witnesses to the events that would follow. x. They sail 70 nautical miles to the city of Sidon in Syria. xi. The church had spread to Sidon some time ago. xii. Julius allowed Paul to leave the ship, probably with a soldier to escort him as waited for the next departure of the Adramyttium ship. xiii. No doubt these believers gave supplies to Paul and his companions for their journey. xiv. But verse 4 delivers a key theme for us in this entire maritime adventure narrative. xv. The winds were against this journey. We see great opposition to this trip from the winds of the Mediterranean Sea. And that opposition will only intensify. xvi. This Adramyttian ship endeavored to sail along the coast of Syria, but instead headed out to sea to be sheltered from the northwestern and western winds by the island of Cyprus. b. 5 - And when we had sailed through the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia. 6 - There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy, and he put us aboard it. 7 - And when we had sailed slowly for a good many days, and with difficulty had arrived off Cnidus, since the wind did not permit us to go farther, we sailed under the shelter of Crete, off Salmone; 8 - and with difficulty, we sailed past it and came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea. i. Sailing between Asia minor and Cyprus along the coast, the Adramyttium ship landed at its next port, Myra of Lycia. ii. No doubt the next stop for this ship would have either been Adramyttium itself or possibly Ephesus. And it probably would not leave for some time… perhaps not even until after winter. iii. Therefore, Julius is forced to chart another ship whose destination would be Italy. iv. We find that Julius charts an Alexandrian ship. These were from the city of Alexandria and would transport grain throughout the Roman Empire, but especially to Rome. v. Having landed in Myra, this ship either came up the coast, past Judea and Syria, and had landed in Myra seeking to head west, or perhaps headed north straight through the Mediterranean toward the easily visible mountainous coast of Asia Minor. vi. We can read between the lines of Luke's record here to understand that the sailing was anything but smooth or predictable. vii. From Cnidus, which was a common port city having two ports, one on the North and one on the South, either they aimed to sail across the Aegean, potentially to Corinth or Athens or perhaps they did intend to sail to the northern edge of Cete to go around the Balkan Peninsula. viii. But because of the dangerous gales, they were forced to once again seek the shelter of the large island of Crete sailing south past the cape of Salmone. ix. Once again, we see the difficulty of the trip and how the forces of nature seem to oppose the will of Jesus and the intention of His apostle. x. With much trouble and very slowly they finally arrive at a southern port on the island of Crete known as Fair Havens near the city of Lasea. c. Summary of the Point: In this maritime adventure which Luke records for us, we could very easily lose the forest for the trees if we are not careful. We could get wrapped up in the adventure of the storm tossed ship and miss the greater message that Luke is revealing to Theophilus and all believers needing assurance that what they have believed is firm and solid. Jesus told Paul 2 years ago that he would go to Rome to preach the gospel… and now the very wind and sea oppose him getting there. But as the sermon title asks… who commands the wind and the sea? John Chrysostom, an early church father said of this passage of scripture, “See how God does not alter or change the order of nature but allows him to sail into unfavorable winds. But even so the miracle happens.” John Chrysostom Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles. In another work he says, “Again trials, again contrary winds. See how the life of the saints is so composed of all these things: he escaped the court, and they fall into a shipwreck and a storm.” John Chrysostom Catena on the Acts of the Apostles. In these two quotes Chrysostom conveys what Luke's aim of this story is. Paul has been shipwrecked before. He has spent much time at sea. Why does Luke record this now? Because Luke, in his final chapter, wishes to convey the absolute sovereignty of God to take His Kingdom to the uttermost parts of the earth. But in that sovereignty, it is not merely raw Power that God is displaying… for the purposes of God are not merely to get His apostle to Rome but also to form and shape Paul's faith. As one commentator said, “God could demonstrate His power by stilling the storm (as in Luke 8:24-25) but also by preserving His servant through it...” “Luke's apologetic is not for a legendary divine man; Paul does not still the storm. But the account portrays Paul's character preserving through testing… as well as speaking wisely and rescuing his fellow passengers by God's power.” God commands the winds and the seas… but that doesn't mean He always works miraculously. Indeed, one of the more wonderous miracles God does is providentially sustaining His people through catastrophe. In this the miracle that occurs is our faith and hope, tested and built. Therefore, knowing that God does not always choose to intervene with miracles… but does keep His promises… we must trust the Lord. Transition: But in the midst of trouble and trial, when everything seems to be against us, and when forces that God says He controls seem to be out of His control… it can be very hard for us to trust God and to know what to do next. Although Jesus has gone to the Father to intercede for us, He has both promised to never leave us and to send the comforter. And the comforter is in our hearts and all the hearts of those who believe. Struggling to see where I'm going? Let's look at verse nine. II.) God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, so we must heed counsel from wise and godly people. (9-12) a. 9 - And when considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, since even the Fast was already over, Paul began to advise them, 10 - and said to them, “Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be with damage and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” i. Luke does not track for us the departure date of this trip, nor does he give us any indication of exactly when Portius Festus took office. ii. So, we don't know exactly how long the trip has taken thus far – but he seems to indicate that what began as a doable trip to Rome has become less and less likely. iii. Luke tells us that the Fast was already over. Most likely Luke is referring the Day of Atonement which occurs in late September to early October depending on the year. iv. And the best guess for dating this trip is in AD 59 when the Day of Atonement occurred on October 5th. v. At this time, mid-September to mid-November becomes increasingly more and more difficult to travel the Mediterranean as the winter months approach. vi. After this period virtually all sea travel would cease until around February. vii. According to a Stanford Geospatial Network model of the Roman World, it is estimated that under ideal conditions, Paul would have been able to make the journey from Caesarea to Rome in just under 24 days. viii. Which means that they probably left with at least that amount of time before really difficult sailing conditions would arise. ix. But as Luke indicates here, violent winds began earlier than usual this year and kept them from making any significant progress. Now they face only more difficult sailing conditions as they head further into October and November. x. In light of this, Paul advises those in charge of the ship that this journey will end not only in the loss of the ship and all its cargo, but also in the loss of life. xi. Essentially Paul is advising wintering in Fair Havens and waiting until February to reembark to Italy. xii. In this we have a few questions. First, is Paul speaking the words of prophesy or merely of human wisdom? If it is prophesy, does it come true? If it is wisdom, what makes Paul such an expert that he would advise seasoned merchant sailors? 1. As to the first question, is Paul speaking the words of prophesy or merely human wisdom – we must conclude that this is NOT prophesy. Why must we conclude that? a. Paul predicts that the ship, its cargo, and the lives of the passengers on the ship would experience heavy damage and great loss. b. Peeking ahead a little, we see Paul predict a little later that every life on board the ship would be saved. When he predicts this, he attributes that prediction to the Word of God communicated by an Angel. 2. Therefore, we must conclude that in this instance, Paul speaks merely by his own wisdom. But if that is so, what makes Paul qualified to speak to such matters? a. Having written II Corinthians sometime before going to Jerusalem, Paul has already told us that he had been shipwrecked 3 times and left afloat in the open sea for a night and a day. b. Luke didn't record any of these for us – but it proves that Paul is no novice passenger on a sea faring vessel. c. It also communicates to us the very real danger of travel on the Mediterranean d. Paul's concerns here are not just for the ship and the cargo but for the lives of the people on board. e. Since these ships were ships of commerce, lives didn't always factor in to the decision making of the owners, captains, and crews of these vessels. xiii. And that seems to remain true even after Paul gives his advice. b. 11 - But the centurion was being more persuaded by the pilot and the captain of the ship than by what was being said by Paul. 12 - And because the harbor was not suitable for wintering, the majority reached a decision to set sail from there, if somehow, they could arrive at Phoenix, a harbor of Crete facing southwest and northwest, to spend the winter there. i. Julius, the pilot, and the captain of the ship disagreed. ii. Their reasons are logical but next to the advice of a man of God, they are ultimately quite foolish. iii. The scriptures declare that the wisdom of men is foolishness to God. iv. So, what is the wisdom of men? Unfortunately, it is always tainted by sin. In this particular case… greed. 1. Fair Havens is not a port that provides adequate shelter for wintering. 2. It was not the kind of living conditions the crew desired to spend the next several months. 3. There was a significant risk to the cargo being spoiled or damaged, the ship being beaten up or broken, or even the prisoners escaping. 4. Ultimately the wisdom and logic of men comes down to dollars and cents. v. Instead of heeding the advice of Paul, they determined to get to Phoenix, a port giving great vision to both the South and the Northwest of the Mediterranean. A port right for wintering and one which they could depart from with relative confidence as to their heading. vi. This is the wisdom of men. But it will all go terribly wrong. More on that next week. c. Summary of the Point: Luke's point will continue to be how God's will includes providentially allowing the forces of nature to oppose His people. He preserves us through this, which is a testament to His grace, mercy and power, and He tests and perfects our faith in it. He does not always perform miracles to spare us pain, but miraculously sustains us through pain and difficulty while allowing us to continue to faithfully believe and follow Him, even when it seems as if He is slack in His promises. But as we face these difficult times and days, Paul provides another application for us aside from trusting the Lord. Not only must we continue to trust God in difficult times – but we must also trust the counsel of biblically wise people. Paul provides wise insight. And even though it is not about a “spiritual” or “theological” matter – he should have been heeded. When we face trouble, trial, testing and storms in life, we must look to spiritually mature counselors… NOT JUST for spiritual problems… but for all problems. Why? Because God's Word is sufficient to help us in all things we face. In all life and godliness the Word is sufficient. So, we must go to those who love and live by the Word for advice and counsel. And we must heed their counsel. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today that informs and corrects our beliefs and guides our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: One common objection raised by skeptics of God is whether or not God can create a boulder so large that He could not lift it. It is not typically a question asked in good faith. For regardless of the answer, they think they've proven that He is not all powerful. Whenever someone asks a question that begins with “Could God…” you know immediately that the question is flawed. Why? Because God can… ALWAYS. There is nothing that is impossible with God. Ability is NEVER the question. The real question is about the will of God. And that is demonstrated right here in this text? Could God have stopped the storms? Could God have calmed the sea? We know He could. Why? Because He already did it. The Spirit of God moved on the face of the chaotic waters when He formed the earth. God the Father parted the Red Sea to allow the Israelites to walk on dry land. The Son of God stretched His hand out and said, “Peace, be still” And calmed a storm. My friends the question is NEVER “Can God?” it is always “Will God?” For whatever reason… God allows catastrophe to happen to all men… even His own children. Even His own apostles. Even… His own Son. He allows natural forces and even men's sinful nature to do many things to oppose His children. And we can guess at the whys of that… but maybe for today, we don't need to answer the question why. Because why isn't the right question! Paul addresses a similar argument in Romans 9 when some might complain that they were not elected for salvation and wonder why God judges them for something He did not choose for them to have. Paul says, essentially, you are asking the wrong question. How dare you question God. The right question… is what. In the midst of natural forces opposing me in doing what I know the Lord wishes me to do… What do I do? And this text provides two answers for us. One hinted and the other overtly stated. We must continue to trust the Lord's promises and we must heed the counsel of wise and godly people. But let me expand a bit on this. A few applicational groceries for you to make some spiritual meals with as the week unfolds. 1.) Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that natural forces opposing God's people is a valid reason to question God's Word or character. a. This text alone proves that to question God's promises or God's loving character based on tragic circumstances is absolutely ridiculous. b. God's promises and God's character is not beholden to everything always going right for mankind or even for His chosen people. c. God does work miracles for the sake of His will but He does not ALWAYS do this, nor does He always do miracles in every identical situation that follows that miracle. d. God told Moses to strike the rock and then God told Moses to speak to the Rock. e. Moses struck the Rock twice and both times produced water… but God had OTHER pictures he wished to convey to Moses and to the Israelites by Moses speaking to it instead of striking it. f. Just because God acts differently or allows people to suffer or even die does not mean we are free to begin questioning whether or not God is all good, all powerful, all loving, or all just. g. The creature cannot say such things to the creator. h. His ways are above our ways, His thoughts are higher than our thoughts. i. When we think God has done something unjust… it is because our definition of justice is NOT God's. j. When we think God has done something unloving… it is because our definition of love is NOT God's. k. When we think that God has done something that is not good… it is because our definition of good is NOT God's. l. When we wonder why God didn't do something to prevent catastrophe… it is because we have put God in a box and treated Him as if He is like us… We have made an idol, called it Yahweh, and gotten upset when that fake god doesn't do what we think he should. m. We must repent… not Him. n. God is unchangeable. He does not lie. He does not sin. He is the same as He always has been. o. If life stinks, and catastrophe happens… our conclusion CANNOT be… That God has failed, or that God is a liar. p. This is the height of arrogance and idolatry. q. So what must we believe instead? 2.) Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God providentially allows natural forces to oppose His people. a. God is absolutely free in His will to act according to His counsel. He has full freedom to do as He wishes and as He permits to ALL of His creation – including men. b. In His grace, His mercy, and His love – God does not desire the death of the wicked. c. That is a completely BONKERS statement. Of all the people that we should think God would be hunting down and squashing out of existence it SHOULD BE… the wicked. d. God is just… and He will judge them for their sin… But God does not actively seek out and kill wicked men. Why? Because we'd all be dead already. e. And here is another Bonkers statement in the scriptures… f. God's Son guaranteed that any who would follow Him would experience trouble. Jesus does not qualify that statement by specifying what trouble we experience. i. Is the trouble from those who might hate us and persecute us? ii. Is the trouble in the daily walk in living holy lives and turning from sin? iii. Is the trouble the common aches and pains and problems that all men face? g. Based on the entire cannon of scripture I think we'd have to say… YES! All of those. h. The scriptures say that all of creation groans in anticipation of the return of Jesus, the King of glory. i. Do you think violent storms that destroy property and lives are part of the creation's groans? ii. Do you think that diseases and sicknesses, aches and pains are part of the creation's groans? iii. Do you think that violent and wicked acts of men to snuff out life are part of creation's groans? i. My friends… God allows forces of nature to oppose all men, including His people, as a sign to us that things ARE NOT AS THEY SHOULD BE! j. When we experience heartache and trouble and problems and pain it should confirm upon us the blessed hope of our King's inevitable return to make all this right! k. If God always saved His people from calamity in miraculous ways… how strong would our faith be? l. Let me ask another question… If you always lifted everything for your child, including the spoon to their mouths, how much muscle would be on their arms? m. Were they called to lift a baby off the railroad tracks to save its life… they would struggle and strain and all would be lost. n. God knows we grow through adversity. We grow through struggle and pain. Not because He made us that way… but because sin has corrupted us THAT MUCH. o. The depravity of man is not some soteriological belief that only impacts us prior to conversion. p. My friends… sanctification – our growth to be more like Christ is long, difficult, fraught with pain and setbacks BECAUSE OF DEPRAVITY! q. The reformers believed and the scriptures agree that we are simultaneously WICKED SINNERS who have been declared righteous in Christ. We are all recovering pagans whose hearts continue to be factories forming idols on a daily basis. r. Therefore, we must believe that God sovereignly and providentially uses even natural disaster… to accomplish His will. Because His will is not ours. s. So what do we do with that? 3.) Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must continue to trust the Lord. a. Our God has promised that He will never leave us. b. He has promised us that He will seal us until the day of redemption with His Spirit. c. He has promised that He will give grace in a time of need to those who seek it. d. He has promised that He will sustain us to the moment that we have been appointed to die. e. He has promised to raise us up in Christ to join Him in the clouds. f. He has promised that when we join Him there we will always be with Him. g. So we face shipwreck. So we face wicked men shooting at us. So we face disease. So we face loss. So we face death. But we do so, knowing, that God will never forsake the promises He has made to us. We have confidence that if we face these things… God has willed it to be so for some purpose that we may never know. h. We trust Him. i. Trusting Christ does not mean trusting in a list of facts about God. j. Trusting Christ means that when tragedy occurs… we praise the Lord and trust that He is faithful. k. What else should we do? 4.) Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must heed the counsel of wise and godly people. a. Friends, although we have the Spirit of God in us, although Jesus has promised to never leave or forsake us, and although God in three persons is always present everywhere and when… somehow He knew that that would not be enough for our frailty. b. He knows our weakness indeed. c. And He has given us gifts… i. Apostles to form the church 2000 years ago. ii. Prophets to guide the church in its formation iii. Evangelists to expand the kingdom to the uttermost parts of the earth iv. And pastors/shepherds/ Elders to spiritually care for and equip the church locally to do the work of the ministry which is the edification of the body of Christ. d. In addition to that he has given generational mandates to older believers to care for younger believers and counsel and admonish them in spiritual things. e. He has given fathers to spiritually grow their own children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. f. He has given all of God's people His Spirit and promises where two or more are gathered and seeking counsel on some of the most difficult things… He is there. g. My friends… when catastrophe surrounds us. When trouble comes. When hope is fading. When we don't know if we can go on. When we don't know what to do. h. God has given us… the church. i. Not perfect. Flawed. But spiritually maturing and matured people who love and live by God's Word. j. Don't buy into the lie that you must see a specialist in the field of your problems to get help. k. If your problems are medical, financial, relational, emotional… and yes… spiritual… You can rest assured that God's word has something to say about it. And wise and godly believers can help you find it and help you pursue it. 5.) Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” Repenting of sin and becoming God's child does not give you a life of peace. In fact, it guarantees you a life of hardship. a. There are gospels going out today that seem to assure you that when you pray a prayer your life will be so much better. b. I just saw that MMA fighter Conner McGreggor recently made some kind of profession of faith in Jesus. He stated Jesus is King and that he has never been so at peace since believing this. c. I don't know his heart. I hope he is God's child. Time will tell. d. But here is what I do know. There is a paradox in the Christian life that all outsiders must see before they seek to enter in. e. Although in one sense being a child of God is the most peaceful, wonderful, glorious, amazing, fulfilling, and satisfying things there is… f. In another sense it is a life full of pain, anguish, struggle, hardship, betrayal, failure, frustration, and rejection. And not just in the sense that it is the normal human experience… but beyond that… being a Christian is directly linked to MORE of these than if you were not a Christian. g. Every single Christian in this room affirms this paradox as true. They have lived it. God's word says it. h. Jesus tells everyone to count the cost. He says that the only way to be His disciple is to take yourself, your desires, your comfort, your plans, your lifestyles, your money, your peace, your hope… and nail it to a cross… kill it brutally. Then follow Him. Then… and only then… can you be His disciple. i. He has paid it all… but make no mistake… it will cost you everything. And to true Christians it is a price… we gladly pay. j. If you have counted the cost and desire to follow Jesus, the Elders in this church would love to talk to you about that. Come see us… and don't dilly dally about it. Let me close with a word of prayer from the Apostolic Constitutions Lord God Almighty and true God, nothing compares to you. You are everywhere, and present in all things, but you are not part of your creation. You are not bound by place, and you do not grow old in time. You are not terminated by the ages. You are not deceived by words, and not created by anything. You require no one to look after you, and you are above all corruption. You are free from change, and by nature you never vary. You inhabit inaccessible light. You are invisible by nature, but are known to all thinking people who seek you with a good mind-your people who truly see and who have believed on Christ. You are the God of Israel. Be gracious to me, and hear me, for the sake of your name. Bless those who bow before you, and grant them the requests of their hearts, for their good. Do not reject any of them from your kingdom. Instead, set them apart for you. Guard, cover, and help them. Deliver them from the adversary, and from every enemy. Keep their houses and families safe, and guard them as they come and go. For to you belongs the glory, praise, majesty, worship, and adoration, and to your Son Jesus, your Christ, our Lord and God and King, and to the Holy Spirit, now and always, forever and ever, amen. Benediction: May the One Who makes the vapors ascend in clouds from earth's remotest end, Whose lightings flash at His commands, Who holds the tempest in His hands. Keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. Until we meet again, go in peace.

A few months ago I published the first of a series of episodes honoring “Over the Top Sopranos,” which presented French repertoire performed by a batch of supremely distressed divas. And today is a follow-up, again featuring “sopranos en détresse” in which I spread the net even wider, featuring every type of soprano from perky coloratura to hefty dramatic and everything in between. The characters represented range from reformed Alexandrian courtesans to vampiric Hungarian murderers. And the chronological spread is wide, too: we sample a wide variety of singers from Félia Litvinne, recorded in 1902, to Anna Caterina Antonacci, recorded in 2009. In between we hear, among others, Germaine Féraldy, Beverly Sills, Emma Calvé, Lucia Popp, Christiane Eda-Pierre (pictured), Patricia Brooks, Germaine Martinelli, Jacqueline Brumaire, Carol Vaness, Nelly Miricioiu, and Janine Micheau. Works range from the familiar (Mignon by Thomas, Manon by Massenet, and Faust by Gounod) to the obscure (Ivan IV by Bizet, Salammbô by Ernest Reyer, Erzsébet by Charles Chaynes, and Virginie by Alfred Bruneau). Attachez vos ceintures; ce sera encore une soirée extravagante! Countermelody is a podcast devoted to the glory and the power of the human voice raised in song. Singer and vocal aficionado Daniel Gundlach explores great singers of the past and present focusing in particular on those who are less well-remembered today than they should be. Daniel's lifetime in music as a professional countertenor, pianist, vocal coach, voice teacher, and author yields an exciting array of anecdotes, impressions, and “inside stories.” At Countermelody's core is the celebration of great singers of all stripes, their instruments, and the connection they make to the words they sing. By clicking on the following link (https://linktr.ee/CountermelodyPodcast) you can find the dedicated Countermelody website which contains additional content including artist photos and episode setlists. The link will also take you to Countermelody's Patreon page, where you can pledge your monthly or yearly support at whatever level you can afford.  

27 When it was decided that we would sail for Italy, Paul and some other prisoners were handed over to a centurion named Julius, who belonged to the Imperial Regiment. 2 We boarded a ship from Adramyttium about to sail for ports along the coast of the province of Asia, and we put out to sea. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, was with us. 3 The next day we landed at Sidon; and Julius, in kindness to Paul, allowed him to go to his friends so they might provide for his needs. 4 From there we put out to sea again and passed to the lee of Cyprus because the winds were against us. 5 When we had sailed across the open sea off the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia. 6 There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy and put us on board. 7 We made slow headway for many days and had difficulty arriving off Cnidus. When the wind did not allow us to hold our course, we sailed to the lee of Crete, opposite Salmone. 8 We moved along the coast with difficulty and came to a place called Fair Havens, near the town of Lasea. 9 Much time had been lost, and sailing had already become dangerous because by now it was after the Day of Atonement.[a] So Paul warned them, 10 “Men, I can see that our voyage is going to be disastrous and bring great loss to ship and cargo, and to our own lives also.” 11 But the centurion, instead of listening to what Paul said, followed the advice of the pilot and of the owner of the ship. 12 Since the harbor was unsuitable to winter in, the majority decided that we should sail on, hoping to reach Phoenix and winter there. This was a harbor in Crete, facing both southwest and northwest.

1) Both 1 Timothy 4:14 and 2 Timothy 1:6 seem to indicate that the laying on of hands transfers some kind of power or gift. Is that true?2) Who created the universe--God the Father or Jesus Christ?3) Why was the stump sealed with iron and brass bands in Daniel 4:15?4) What are the scriptural references for degrees of reward for Christians?5) Are those raised from the dead in the scriptures resurrections or resuscitations?6) Which manuscript family is more accurate--the Alexandrian or the Byzantine?

Cada aventura es una red... o una mazmorra En el último episodio de nuestro podcast, nos adentramos en las profundidades del diseño narrativo para juegos de rol, explorando dos enfoques que parecen distintos, pero que se entrelazan como pasillos ocultos de una misma mazmorra mental. El enfoque de nodos: libertad estructurada Inspirados por The Alexandrian, discutimos cómo estructurar partidas usando el diseño basado en nodos. Este método rompe con la narrativa lineal tradicional (A → B → C) y permite que los jugadores exploren un mundo más abierto, donde cada escena (o "nodo") puede conectar con otras de forma dinámica. Este enfoque fomenta la improvisación sin perder coherencia, poniendo énfasis en preparar situaciones, no tramas. Mazmorras narrativas: cada aventura como un mapa Del otro lado del tablero, The Angry GM propone que toda aventura es una mazmorra, incluso si no hay paredes ni monstruos. ¿La clave? Visualizar la historia como un conjunto de salas conectadas por pasillos narrativos: escenas, transiciones, decisiones. Es un modelo que ayuda a los másters a construir aventuras robustas y flexibles sin perder el ritmo ni la lógica interna. Dos caminos, un mismo destino Aunque utilizan metáforas distintas —nodos frente a mazmorras— ambos enfoques comparten principios fundamentales: Diseñar con modularidad y conexiones sólidas. Promover la toma de decisiones significativas por parte de los jugadores. Ofrecer herramientas visuales (mapas mentales o diagramas) para planificar aventuras efectivas. Desde la investigación hasta la exploración, pasando por el drama político o el horror cósmico: si puedes dibujar cajas y líneas, puedes diseñar tu historia. Ambos autores nos enseñan a construir narrativas que respetan la agencia del jugador sin dejar de lado la planificación inteligente. Referencias mencionadas en el episodio: Every Adventure's a Dungeon – The Angry GM Node-Based Scenario Design – The Alexandrian Puedes ver el artículo original en The Alexandrian. Música de Uppbeat: License code: DSJHNLFTIRWBKXPO Música de Youtube

Send us a textGod's predestinating love stands at the center of our salvation, yet many believers struggle to reconcile this truth with human responsibility. This profound conversation delves into the biblical foundations of election, eternal punishment, and the consistency of God's sovereign purposes across both salvation and judgment.Drawing from 1 Timothy 5:21, we explore how election extends beyond humanity to the angelic realm, revealing God's consistent pattern of sovereign choice throughout creation. This theological journey takes us through church history, where we trace modern universalist teachings back to their ancient roots in the Alexandrian school, particularly to Origen and Clement of Alexandria. Their errors, formally condemned by the Second Council of Constantinople in 553 AD, continue to resurface today, demonstrating how heresies never truly disappear but merely transform across generations.The most compelling argument against universalism emerges when we consider the logical consistency of Christian doctrine: if hell isn't truly eternal—as universalists claim—then what assurance do believers have that salvation is eternal? These paired truths stand or fall together. Scripture consistently uses the same language of "everlasting" to describe both salvation and condemnation, forming an unbreakable theological link.Through the beautiful metaphor of the potter and clay from Jeremiah 18, we're reminded that salvation belongs entirely to God. We were all marred vessels whom the Master Potter reformed according to His sovereign will. This truth doesn't diminish human responsibility but places it within its proper context: we respond to God because He first moved in us.God's people must be thinking people—not just knowing what we believe, but understanding why we believe it. Join this conversation that will challenge you to embrace the full scope of God's eternal purposes and the magnificent beauty of His unmerited grace that transforms vessels of wrath into vessels of mercy.Support the show

The battle of Cynoscephalae represents a key moment in the history of the Greco-Roman world. In this one battle the Macedonian hold over mainland Greece was broken, with the Roman Republic rising in its place as the pre-eminent power in the Greek East. At Cynoscephalae, the proud Macedonian kingdom of Antigonid monarch Philip V was humbled, its army shattered. Yet the battle, and campaign leading up to it, was hard fought and protracted. Philip V had defied Rome and its allies in the First Macedonian War and was poised to do so again, with the pike phalanx continuing to be a daunting opponent for the Roman legionaries.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

Dr. Randy White of Taos, NM, explores Apollos's scriptural depth, Alexandrian background, and role in affirming Paul's unique gospel message amid early church developments.

Brent Billings, Elle Grover Fricks, and Josh Bossé close out this series by taking a gander at the Lord's Prayer.BEMA 97: Done in SecretBEMA 332: Andrew DeCort — Flourishing on the Edge of FaithTextus Receptus — WikipediaCodex Sinaiticus — WikipediaCodex Vaticanus — WikipediaAlexandrian Text-Type — WikipediaByzantine Text-Type — Wikipedia“Ancient Amulets with Incipits” — Biblical Archaeology Society“The Lord's Prayer” (Live from Jerusalem in 2001) — Charlotte Church, YouTubeBEMA 325: Sanctuary — Waking Up in the Mishkan

Situated opposite Galilee, the “earth” of the Gerasenes marks the site of God's first tactical strike against Greco-Roman assimilation in Luke.The Greco-Roman rulers who possess and enslave the land impose violence and havoc, sowing death where God's many flocks were meant to roam freely, without interference.Like the abusers in Jerusalem, the occupying forces in Decapolis do not want to live and let live. They seek to assimilate, to convert, to impose, to kill—to force others to become like them, “twice as much the sons of Hell as themselves.”Sure, they may be interested in learning something from those they conquer, but ultimately, everything must be “melted down” and absorbed into something of their own making. It's called a “god complex:”“…the logic of American liberalism is a barely warmed-over Hellenism. The world-embracing, universe-striding Hellenic ideology under Alexander was an assimilationist one. In the Alexandrian ideology, it doesn't matter what tribe your parents are from, what your lineage is, or in what area of the world you were born. If you speak Greek, eat like a Greek, dress like a Greek, walk like a Greek, shit like a Greek, think like a Greek—then you're a Greek. It's exceptionally difficult for an American to consider this ideology and not think of the ‘melting pot'”(Matthew Franklin Cooper, And the Lamb Will Conquer)They do not submit to God, who made the heavens and the earth. They do not accept what was made, as it has been made, by his making. His name alone be praised!Unlike every other revolution in human history, the socio-political rebellion of the biblical tradition—be ye not deceived, O man, it is indeed a political rebellion, though it is not about starting something new, it is a reversion—to accept the Bible is to revert to God as your King, your religion, your tribe, your city, and your homeland.To return to his land is to return not to what we build, create, perceive, synthesize, or formulate through our ideolocial or theological assimilations, but to what God himself provided in the beginning: an open field where all living creatures coexist in his care.This week, I discuss Luke 8:27.Show Notesδαιμόνιον (daimonion) / ש–י–ד (shin–yod–dalet) / ث–د–ي (thā–dāl–yāʼ)Demon, other deity, or god. From the root שדד (shadad), which means “to deal violently, despoil, or devastate.” Klein notes that the Arabic ثَدْي (thady), “breast,” reinforces his observation that שֹׁד (shōd) and שַׁד (shad) are two forms of the same biblical root meaning “breast.” In consideration of this link, and the fact that the original text is unpointed, it is difficult to ignore the consonantal link between chaos, havoc, militarism, and the function “demon,” vis-à-vis the field, and violence against the land, since the land is inherently matriarchal:שָׂדָאוּת (sadā'ut) is a feminine noun meaning “military fieldcraft,” derived from שָׂדֶה (sadeh), meaning “field.”Note that שֵׁדָה (shedah), female demon, and שָׂדֶה (sadeh), field or open land, are indistinguishable in the unpointed text.This intersection is intentional. Consider a related sub-function associated with δαιμόνιον in Luke:שׁדד (shin-dalet-dalet) and שׂדד (sin-dalet-dalet)שׁדד (shadad) to devastate, despoil, or destroy, referring to violence or judgment.שׂדד (sadad) to plow or harrow, referring to agricultural activity.In Semitic languages, the function “demon” likely originates from the Akkadian term šēdu, a protective spirit often depicted in Mesopotamian art as a bull-like colossus or a human-bull hybrid, for example, the bull effigy of Wall Street. The question is not what the demon šēdu protects, but whose interests it serves. Does it protect life in God's field or wreak havoc on behalf of its human sponsors? Does it plow and harrow, or does it despoil?Demonic Evil“For [a] root of all evils is the love of money—which some, desiring, wandered away from the faith,and pierced themselves through with many griefs.”(1 Timothy 6:10)As it is written:“ῥίζα γὰρ πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἐστιν ἡ φιλαργυρία”“the love of money is [a] root of all evils”“πάντων τῶν κακῶν” unambiguously indicates “of all evils,” not “all kinds,” underscoring Paul's deliberate rhetorical force in presenting the love of money not as a moral weakness but as a seed giving rise to every form of evil in God's field.ἱμάτιον (himation) / ב-ג-ד (bet–gimel–dalet) / ب-ج-د (bāʼ–jīm–dāl)Outer garment; cloak.A scarce word in Classical Arabic, بَجَدَ (bajada), means “to strive or exert,” technically different than بِجَاد (bijād) — the pre-Islamic Bedouin term for a striped cloak or blanket, which Klein links to ב-ג-ד.Instead of بَجَدَ (bajada), Arabic typically employs roots like ج-ه-د (jīm–hāʾ–dāl) — جَاهَدَ (jāhada) — the basis of جِهَاد (jihād), to express striving or struggle, especially in a religious context. Related roots such as ج-د-د (jīm–dāl–dāl) — جَدَّ (jadda) “to be serious” — and ج-دّ (jīm–dāl–dāl) — جِدّ (jidd) “seriousness” — reinforce the idea of earnest effort and commitment that underlies the concept of jihād.The بِجَاد (bijād)—a coarse, often red or striped woolen cloak worn by Bedouins—symbolizes striving through its association with the harsh realities of shepherd life in God's open field, demanding simplicity, endurance, and honor, in contrast with the soft garments of city dwellers. The reference to soft garments is not incidental. In Luke 7:25, Jesus mocks those dressed in “soft clothing” who “live in luxury” in the royal houses. As such, John the Baptist is “more than a prophet.” Clothed in the rough and unpleasant garment of a shepherd, he survives under God's rule in the open field with an honor imperceptible in the eyes of city dwellers.It is “the smell of a field” that Luke 8:27 makes terminologically functional here, recalling the transfer of Isaac's blessing to his younger son. Now Luke turns the tables. As Esau was denied his birthright in favor of Jacob, so now Jacob is denied the same in favor of the demon-possessed Gerasene:Then his father Isaac said to him, “Please come close and kiss me, my son.”So he came close and kissed him; and when he smelled the smell of his garments (בְּגָדָ֖י begāday), he blessed him and said,“See, the smell of my sonIs like the smell of a field which the Lord has blessed;Now may God give you of the dew of heaven,And of the fatness of the earth,And an abundance of grain and new wine;May peoples serve you,And nations bow down to you;Be master of your brothers,And may your mother's sons bow down to you.Cursed be those who curse you,And blessed be those who bless you.”(Genesis 27:26–29)οἰκία (oikia

Adam's riding solo on this one, and he's pulling a bundle of helpful tricks and tips out of his Storyteller's saddlebag—especially for folks just starting out running Mage games. If you're a veteran, you might hear some familiar ground, but if you're new to the Storyteller's seat, this one's a gold mine.Show Notes

Scripture Reading: Acts 28:1–22 28 After we had safely reached shore, we learned that the island was called Malta. 2 The local inhabitants showed us extraordinary kindness, for they built a fire and welcomed us all because it had started to rain and was cold. 3 When Paul had gathered a bundle of brushwood and was putting it on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and fastened itself on his hand. 4 When the local people saw the creature hanging from Paul's hand, they said to one another, “No doubt this man is a murderer! Although he has escaped from the sea, Justice herself has not allowed him to live!” 5 However, Paul shook the creature off into the fire and suffered no harm. 6 But they were expecting that he was going to swell up or suddenly drop dead. So after they had waited a long time and had seen nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and said he was a god. 7 Now in the region around that place were fields belonging to the chief official of the island, named Publius, who welcomed us and entertained us hospitably as guests for three days. 8 The father of Publius lay sick in bed, suffering from fever and dysentery. Paul went in to see him and after praying, placed his hands on him and healed him. 9 After this had happened, many of the people on the island who were sick also came and were healed. 10 They also bestowed many honors, and when we were preparing to sail, they gave us all the supplies we needed. 11 After three months we put out to sea in an Alexandrian ship that had wintered at the island and had the “Heavenly Twins” as its figurehead. 12 We put in at Syracuse and stayed there three days. 13 From there we cast off and arrived at Rhegium, and after one day a south wind sprang up and on the second day we came to Puteoli. 14 There we found some brothers and were invited to stay with them seven days. And in this way we came to Rome. 15 The brothers from there, when they heard about us, came as far as the Forum of Appius and Three Taverns to meet us. When he saw them, Paul thanked God and took courage. 16 When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to live by himself, with the soldier who was guarding him. 17 After three days Paul called the local Jewish leaders together. When they had assembled, he said to them, “Brothers, although I had done nothing against our people or the customs of our ancestors, from Jerusalem I was handed over as a prisoner to the Romans. 18 When they had heard my case, they wanted to release me, because there was no basis for a death sentence against me.19 But when the Jews objected, I was forced to appeal to Caesar—not that I had some charge to bring against my own people. 20 So for this reason I have asked to see you and speak with you, for I am bound with this chain because of the hope of Israel.” 21 They replied, “We have received no letters from Judea about you, nor have any of the brothers come from there and reported or said anything bad about you. 22 But we would like to hear from you what you think, for regarding this sect we know that people everywhere speak against it.” OutlinePaul's Adventures in MaltaBrief introduction: Paul is vindicated at sea and on landPaul is shipwrecked in MaltaThe shipwrecked voyagers are welcomed by the barbariansPaul is bitten by a snake!Publius hosts (some) of the voyagersThe father of Publius and many others are healedTo Rome!Three months in Malta, then back to sailing to ItalyPaul is welcome in PuteoliPuteoli to Rome, the last stretch!Brothers come to meet PaulPaul in RomeIntroduction to the end of the bookRome, the eternal cityPaul is permitted to stay in his rented apartmentTo the Jew firstThe schism between Jews and Christians in RomePaul's reassures Jewish leaders: he doesn't mean troubleThe Jewish leaders have heard nothing negative of Paul

The Remedy's debut album Sore is here to shake the foundations of metal! Born in the misty Alexandrian lands during turbulent times, this band fuses diverse musical backgrounds into a genre-defying masterpiece. From clean vocals to guttural screams, melodic grooves to heavy rhythms, Sore delivers refined arrangements that defy expectations. Whether you're into prog, thrash, or doom, there's something for everyone. Approach Sore with an open mind and let The Remedy remind you that, for everything... there is a remedy!

Send us a textSeries: Mystical TheologyEpisode 39: Alexandria and Antioch: Christological Tendencies, Intro Pt 3, Dr. C. VeniaminIn Episode 39 of our Mystical Theology, the tendencies to be found in Alexandrian and Antiochian Christology are discussed as a prelude to our overview of the Christology of Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444). See also the themes in the Timestamps below.Q&As available in The Professor's BlogRecommended background reading: Christopher Veniamin, ed., Saint Gregory Palamas: The Homilies (Dalton PA: 2022); The Orthodox Understanding of Salvation: "Theosis" in Scripture and Tradition (2016); The Transfiguration of Christ in Greek Patristic Literature (2022); and Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, Empirical Dogmatics of the Orthodox Catholic Church: According to the Spoken Teaching of Father John Romanides, Vol. 1 (2012), Vol. 2 (repr. ed. 2020).Further bibliography may be found in our "Scholar's Corner" webpage.Join the Mount Thabor Academy Podcasts and help us to bring podcasts on Orthodox theology and the spiritual life to the wider community. Support the showDr. Christopher Veniamin Join The Mount Thabor Academyhttps://www.buzzsprout.com/2232462/support THE MOUNT THABOR ACADEMY (YouTube) THE MOUNT THABOR ACADEMY (Patreon) Print Books by MOUNT THABOR PUBLISHING eBooks Amazon Google Apple KoboB&NFurther Info & Bibliography The Professor's BlogFurther bibliography may be found in our Scholar's CornerContact us: info@mountthabor.com...

A @Christadelphians Video: A @Christadelphians Video: Description: Five short talks introduce the reader to the careful translation of the Bible into English from manuscripts in the original languages. Modern and earlier English Bible versions are briefly reviewed in terms of their availability in printed and electronic formats. The reader is reminded that the Bible message is more important than the means of its production. SummaryThis presentation provides an overview of the history of the Bible, focusing on the Revised Version and its successors up to the present day, including various modern media formats.Highlights

I'm visited by Andie Margolskee, the author of the first crowdfunded adventure for Draw Steel: The Great Thaw of Gryzmithrak Spire. We talk about the adventure, sure, but with Andie having designed adventures for multiple systems, we end up talking a bunch about what different systems are good at.LinksWebsite that links to Andie's previous projectsThe Great Thaw of Gryzmithrak Spire CrowdfundrExoecology for Monster Hunters KickstarterTwo favorite Alexandrian blog articles:Node-Based Scenario Design – Part 1: The Plotted ApproachThree Clue RuleChapters00:00 Intro00:45 Interview59:33 OutroSupport the show MCDM Discord MCDM Subreddit Draw Steel Subreddit Matt's YouTube Channel MCDM's YouTube Channel GoblinPoints.com Leave a comment on YouTube or Spotify, or send me an email at tips@goblinpoints.com.Theme music by Patrick Haesler.Art by Chris Malbon.

Alternate Episode Title: Rika Explains it All We have left the realm of the gods and return to the realm of man, and we brought a really cute god with us! The club gets to know Hanyuu, and Hanyuu learns that Rika has forgotten all the stuff she needed to remember. Guess it's time to speedrun everyone's character development in this final world so that we can turn the tables on Takano Miyo... but first, we need to find out what her deal is, anyway.

David Betz, Professor of War in the Modern World at King's College London and author of The Guarded Age: Fortification in the Twenty-First Century, joins the show to discuss how fortification is alive, well, and everywhere.  ▪️ Times      •      01:22 Introduction     •      01:53 A default condition     •     13:20 Why is that there?      •      22:13 Alexandrian foundations      •      28:50 Security and mobility         •      39:53 The pendulum swings     •      48:54 Intrigue   Follow along on Instagram, X @schoolofwarpod, and YouTube @SchoolofWarPodcast Find a transcript of today's episode on our School of War Substack

“When this had happened, the rest of the sick on the island came and were cured. They honored us in many ways; and when we were ready to sail, they furnished us with the supplies we needed. After three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered in the island—it was an Alexandrian ship with the figurehead of the twin gods Castor and Pollux. We put in at Syracuse and stayed there three days. From there we set sail and arrived at Rhegium. The next day the south wind came up, and on the following day we reached Puteoli.”Acts.28.11-13

“When this had happened, the rest of the sick on the island came and were cured. They honored us in many ways; and when we were ready to sail, they furnished us with the supplies we needed. After three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered in the island—it was an Alexandrian ship with the figurehead of the twin gods Castor and Pollux. We put in at Syracuse and stayed there three days. From there we set sail and arrived at Rhegium. The next day the south wind came up, and on the following day we reached Puteoli.”Acts.28.9–13

Menas was an Athenian, a courtier of the Emperor Maximinus, and a secret Christian. Once there was an outbreak of civil unrest in Alexandria, brought about by various political factions, and by the increasing success of Christian missionaries in turning the Alexandrian people from the idols. The Emperor sent Menas to reconcile the parties and settle the dispute. On his arrival, Menas quickly resolved the political troubles and restored peace to the city; but instead of putting down Christianity as the Emperor had desired, he did everything in his power to protect the Christians and encourage the spread of the Gospel. When word of this came to the Emperor, he sent another trusted courtier, Hermogenes, to re-establish Imperial authority and to execute Menas if he would not renounce Christ. Hermogenes followed these orders scrupulously: he subjected the godly Menas to various horrid tortures in the public arena. But Menas was miraculously preserved through them all, and when he finally appeared in the arena, flanked by two shining Angels, Hermogenes repented and confessed Christ. He in turn became such a fervent advocate for the Gospel that he was soon made a Bishop (!). Finally the Emperor decided that the only solution was to come to Alexandria himself. There he had both Menas and Hermogenes cruelly tortured to death in secret, lest they perform any public miracles; but when the Emperor presented himself before the people at the arena the following day, the two Saints, miraculously preserved, appeared there also, causing the people to cry out "Christ is the only true God!" At the sight, Menas' scribe Eugraphus declared himself a Christian, leaped into the arena and publicly demanded the honor of dying with them. All three were beheaded. Their precious relics were later taken to Constantinople, where they worked many miracles.

After three months we put out to sea in a ship that had wintered in the island – it was an Alexandrian ship with the figurehead of the twin gods Castor and Pollux. We put in at Syracuse and stayed there three days. From there we set sail and arrived at Rhegium. The next day the south wind came up, and on the following day we reached Puteoli. There we found some brothers and sisters who invited us to spend a week with them. And so we came to Rome. The brothers and sisters there had heard that we were coming, and they travelled as far as the Forum of Appius and the Three Taverns to meet us. At the sight of these people Paul thanked God and was encouraged. When we got to Rome, Paul was allowed to live by himself, with a soldier to guard him. Three days later he called together the local Jewish leaders. When they had assembled, Paul said to them: ‘My brothers, although I have done nothing against our people or against the customs of our ancestors, I was arrested in Jerusalem and handed over to the Romans. They examined me and wanted to release me, because I was not guilty of any crime deserving death. The Jews objected, so I was compelled to make an appeal to Caesar. I certainly did not intend to bring any charge against my own people. For this reason I have asked to see you and talk with you. It is because of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.' They replied, ‘We have not received any letters from Judea concerning you, and none of our people who have come from there has reported or said anything bad about you. But we want to hear what your views are, for we know that people everywhere are talking against this sect.' They arranged to meet Paul on a certain day, and came in even larger numbers to the place where he was staying. He witnessed to them from morning till evening, explaining about the kingdom of God, and from the Law of Moses and from the Prophets he tried to persuade them about Jesus. Some were convinced by what he said, but others would not believe. (Acts 28.11-24, NIV.)

Send us a textIs hell an eternal reality or a misunderstood doctrine? Join us as we confront the growing belief among Christians that undermines the traditional view of eternal punishment. Delving into the Apostle Paul's admonitions, we spotlight the dangers of altering core Christian teachings and challenge interpretations that offer false comfort. Through a rigorous examination of salvation, we emphasize the urgency of faith in Christ as the only path to salvation and the eternal consequences that await those who reject Him.Throughout the episode, we dissect the doctrine of universal salvation, tracing its roots back to the Alexandrian school of theology, and expose the theological pitfalls of modern interpretations that dilute Christ's sacrifice. We assure you there are no shortcuts or alternative paths to salvation after death, as we reaffirm the significance of Christ's atoning work on the cross. Together, we'll explore the nature of Christ's sacrifice and the implications of substituting traditional beliefs with contemporary ideas that equate hell to a purgatorial state.Finally, we address the everlasting consequences tied to the denial of Christ's salvation, urging a return to foundational theological truths. Through scriptural exploration, we aim to inspire a renewed urgency to share the gospel, confronting the pervasive notion that all paths lead to salvation. This episode stands as a clarion call to recognize the gravity of hell and the necessity of turning to Christ now, lest we face the serious repercussions of ignoring these eternal truths.Support the show

On today's episode, we journey back to the fourth century BC on the shores of an Indian river, where an army that had set out from Macedon, more than 3000 miles away had a choice: cross and battle a new Empire and a new army, or turn back home. The ramifications of that decision would be massive. It is history that deserves to be remembered.

Clearchus of Soli was an ancient philosopher who lived in the 4th century BCE and was primarily known for his contributions to ethics and moral philosophy. Clearchus was a student of Aristotle who is often associated with his Peripatetic school. He wrote extensively on Eastern Cultures and is thought to have traveled eastward-bound, to the Bactrian city of Ai-Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus?) in modern Afghanistan, in order to help Hellenize the city in a post-Alexandrian era. Join me as I welcome Professor Gertjan Verhasselt to discuss this fascinating and relatively unknown Cypriot philosopher, Clearchus of Soli!

Nebuchadnezzar's empire was as secure and far-reaching as any great world power in the ancient world, but in himself, the king was not at rest. Night after night, disconcerting dreams swirled round his head, robbing him of peace and well-being. Dreams not only reflect the preoccupations of our hearts, but sometimes contain within them significant prophetic pointers. By revelation, the Lord showed Daniel that Nebuchadnezzar had dreamt of an enormously large and imposing statue – which said a lot about what the king thought of himself and his works! All his energies had gone into building an empire that honoured his own name, and he was dazed and dazzled by his golden splendour. The Lord was less impressed, however, and drew Daniel's attention to the image's fallible feet of clay. Empires may dominate the world stage for a season, but flawed foundations make it impossible for them to endure forever, be they Babylonian, Alexandrian, Roman, Napoleonic, British, Third Reich or Soviet. Drawing on Daniel's experiences in Babylon, and on his understanding of the way the Lord worked, in this presentation, Elizabeth and I ask the Lord to help us respond strategically to the challenges His people must deal with when living under ungodly regimes and empires: a very pressing question for millions of believers around the world today. Enjoy the lovely worship we have inlaid into our prayers toward the end too!

On June 17th, 2010 at 8:00 p.m. the Hermetic Hour will present a lecture on the 1770 Crata Repoa system of magical initiation. I will briefly describe this 18th century German (and later French) recreation of an ancient Alexandrian mystery tradition on a Masonic initiatory model. The Crata Repoa was a structural outline for a magical order that precedes both the O.T.O. and the Golden Dawn's Cypher Manuscript by 100 years. We will discuss the original authors, what they were trying to accomplish, and the considerable influence their creation had on subsequent magical traditions. I will recount how I literally stumbled into a French version of the system in 1963, and adapted it to the fledgling O.T.A. in 1969 --- Carrying the story on into the 70s, 80s and 90s as we found out more about the system and expanded our program along the lines laid out in Crata Repoa. Tune in and we'll explore this baroque version of the secrets of the ancients.

Acts 27 (NASB) 1 When it was decided that we would sail for Italy, they proceeded to deliver Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan cohort named Julius. 2 And embarking in an Adramyttian ship, which was about to sail to the regions along the coast of Asia, we put out to sea accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica. 3 The next day we put in at Sidon; and Julius treated Paul with consideration and allowed him to go to his friends and receive care. 4 From there we put out to sea and sailed under the shelter of Cyprus because the winds were contrary. 5 When we had sailed through the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia. 6 There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy, and he put us aboard it. 7 When we had sailed slowly for a good many days, and with difficulty had arrived off Cnidus, since the wind did not permit us to go farther, we sailed under the shelter of Crete, off Salmone; 8 and with difficulty sailing past it we came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea. 9 When considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, since even the fast was already over, Paul began to admonish them, 10 and said to them, "Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be with damage and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives." 11 But the centurion was more persuaded by the pilot and the captain of the ship than by what was being said by Paul. 12 Because the harbor was not suitable for wintering, the majority reached a decision to put out to sea from there, if somehow they could reach Phoenix, a harbor of Crete, facing southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there. 13 When a moderate south wind came up, supposing that they had attained their purpose, they weighed anchor and began sailing along Crete, close inshore. 14 But before very long there rushed down from the land a violent wind, called Euraquilo; 15 and when the ship was caught in it and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and let ourselves be driven along. 16 Running under the shelter of a small island called Clauda, we were scarcely able to get the ship's boat under control. 17 After they had hoisted it up, they used supporting cables in undergirding the ship; and fearing that they might run aground on the shallows of Syrtis, they let down the sea anchor and in this way let themselves be driven along. 18 The next day as we were being violently storm-tossed, they began to jettison the cargo; 19 and on the third day they threw the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands. 20 Since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned. 21 When they had gone a long time without food, then Paul stood up in their midst and said, "Men, you ought to have followed my advice and not to have set sail from Crete and incurred this damage and loss. 22 Yet now I urge you to keep up your courage, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. 23 For this very night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood before me, 24 saying, 'Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.' 25 Therefore, keep up your courage, men, for I believe God that it will turn out exactly as I have been told. 26 "But we must run aground on a certain island." 27 But when the fourteenth night came, as we were being driven about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors began to surmise that they were approaching some land. 28 They took soundings and found it to be twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they took another sounding and found it to be fifteen fathoms. 29 Fearing that we might run aground somewhere on the rocks, they cast four anchors from the stern and wished for daybreak. 30 But as the sailors were trying to escape from the ...

The developments in theoretical mathematics were also translated into practical (and sometimes impractical) applications during the Hellenistic period. New weapons of war like torsion catapults and enormous ships found their way on the battlefield, and this love for all things big extended to Rhodian architects who constructed their famous Colossus. Under the Alexandrian inventors Ctesibius and Hero, the rise of pneumatics saw the the creation of the earliest known robots (automatons) and the predecessor of the steam engine that continues to amaze viewers down to the present day. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2024/07/01/098-hellenistic-science-mechanics-engineering-and-technology/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/098-hellenistic-science-mechanics-engineering-and-technology-transcript.pdf) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

Composed within the first Christian century by a Roman named Hermas, the Shepherd remains a mysterious and underestimated book to scholars and laypeople alike.  In The Shepherd of Hermas As Scriptura Non Grata: From Popularity in Early Christianity to Exclusion from the New Testament Canon (Rowman & Littlefield, 2023), Robert D. Heaton argues that early Christians mainly received the Shepherd positively and accepted it unproblematically alongside texts that would ultimately be canonized, requiring decisive actions to exclude it from the late-emerging collection of texts now known as the New Testament. Freshly evaluating the evidence for its popularity in patristic treatises, manuscript recoveries, and Christian material culture, Heaton propounds an interpretation of the Shepherd of Hermas as a book meant to guide his readers toward salvation. Ultimately, Heaton depicts the loss of the Shepherd from the closed catalogue of Christian scriptures as a deliberate constrictive move by the fourth-century Alexandrian bishop Athanasius, who found it useless for his political, theological, and ecclesiological objectives and instead characterized it as a book favored by his heretical enemies. While the book's detractors succeeded in derailing its diffusion for centuries, the survival of the Shepherd today attests that many dissented from the church's final judgment about Hermas's text, which portends a version of early Christianity that was definitively overridden by devotion to Christ himself, rather than principally to his virtues. Robert D. Heaton teaches New Testament, Christian Origins, and Early Christianity at Anderson University in Indiana. He also hosts podcasts for New Books in Religion. His research focuses on the New Testament canon and other early Christian literature, especially subcanonical books like The Shepherd of Hermas and the Apostolic Fathers. For more about Rob and his work, please see his website. Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Composed within the first Christian century by a Roman named Hermas, the Shepherd remains a mysterious and underestimated book to scholars and laypeople alike.  In The Shepherd of Hermas As Scriptura Non Grata: From Popularity in Early Christianity to Exclusion from the New Testament Canon (Rowman & Littlefield, 2023), Robert D. Heaton argues that early Christians mainly received the Shepherd positively and accepted it unproblematically alongside texts that would ultimately be canonized, requiring decisive actions to exclude it from the late-emerging collection of texts now known as the New Testament. Freshly evaluating the evidence for its popularity in patristic treatises, manuscript recoveries, and Christian material culture, Heaton propounds an interpretation of the Shepherd of Hermas as a book meant to guide his readers toward salvation. Ultimately, Heaton depicts the loss of the Shepherd from the closed catalogue of Christian scriptures as a deliberate constrictive move by the fourth-century Alexandrian bishop Athanasius, who found it useless for his political, theological, and ecclesiological objectives and instead characterized it as a book favored by his heretical enemies. While the book's detractors succeeded in derailing its diffusion for centuries, the survival of the Shepherd today attests that many dissented from the church's final judgment about Hermas's text, which portends a version of early Christianity that was definitively overridden by devotion to Christ himself, rather than principally to his virtues. Robert D. Heaton teaches New Testament, Christian Origins, and Early Christianity at Anderson University in Indiana. He also hosts podcasts for New Books in Religion. His research focuses on the New Testament canon and other early Christian literature, especially subcanonical books like The Shepherd of Hermas and the Apostolic Fathers. For more about Rob and his work, please see his website. Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Composed within the first Christian century by a Roman named Hermas, the Shepherd remains a mysterious and underestimated book to scholars and laypeople alike.  In The Shepherd of Hermas As Scriptura Non Grata: From Popularity in Early Christianity to Exclusion from the New Testament Canon (Rowman & Littlefield, 2023), Robert D. Heaton argues that early Christians mainly received the Shepherd positively and accepted it unproblematically alongside texts that would ultimately be canonized, requiring decisive actions to exclude it from the late-emerging collection of texts now known as the New Testament. Freshly evaluating the evidence for its popularity in patristic treatises, manuscript recoveries, and Christian material culture, Heaton propounds an interpretation of the Shepherd of Hermas as a book meant to guide his readers toward salvation. Ultimately, Heaton depicts the loss of the Shepherd from the closed catalogue of Christian scriptures as a deliberate constrictive move by the fourth-century Alexandrian bishop Athanasius, who found it useless for his political, theological, and ecclesiological objectives and instead characterized it as a book favored by his heretical enemies. While the book's detractors succeeded in derailing its diffusion for centuries, the survival of the Shepherd today attests that many dissented from the church's final judgment about Hermas's text, which portends a version of early Christianity that was definitively overridden by devotion to Christ himself, rather than principally to his virtues. Robert D. Heaton teaches New Testament, Christian Origins, and Early Christianity at Anderson University in Indiana. He also hosts podcasts for New Books in Religion. His research focuses on the New Testament canon and other early Christian literature, especially subcanonical books like The Shepherd of Hermas and the Apostolic Fathers. For more about Rob and his work, please see his website. Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thursday, 13 June 2024   From there we circled round and reached Rhegium. And after one day the south wind blew; and the next day we came to Puteoli, Acts 28:13   A more literal translation is, “From where, having gone around, we arrived at Rhegium. And after one day, having come upon an Auster, the second day we came to Puteoli” (CG).   Luke just noted that they had landed at Syracuse and stayed three days. Now, the journey to Rome continues with, “From where, having gone around.”   The words “from where” refer to Syracuse which is on the southeast corner of Sicily. Leaving that port, they had to make a bit of a sweeping motion. Of the words, “having gone around,” the KJV says, “And from thence we fetched a compass.” The Berean Study Bible says, “From there we weighed anchor.”   It is generally accepted that the Greek term is speaking of making a circuitous route around Sicily. As Syracuse is on the southeast corner of the island, and they need to head northward to the Italian peninsula, they set sail and worked off the coast of Sicily to reach their destination.   It was probably a west or a northwest wind at this time and this caused them to head out to sea in order to catch the winds while traveling north. Thus, one gets the idea of circling around, or going around, instead of traveling straight to their destination. From there, it next says, “we arrived at Rhegium.”   Rhegium, now known as Reggio, is on the southwest extremity of the toe of Italy. According to Wikipedia, Reggio “commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Regional Council of Calabria. It has an estimated population between 150,000 and 200,000 and is the twenty-first most populous city in Italy, after Modena and other Italian cities, and the 100th most populated city in Europe. Reggio Calabria is located near the center of the Mediterranean and is known for its climate, ethnic and cultural diversity. It is the third economic centre of mainland Southern Italy. About 560,000 people live in the metropolitan area, recognised in 2015 by Italy as a metropolitan city.”   The city is right at the southern opening of the Straits of Messina. These straits pass between Sicily and Italy. They connect the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south. At its narrowest point, it measures 1.9 miles in width. However, near the town of Messina the width is some 3.2 miles. It has a maximum depth of 830 feet.   Certainly because of the narrowness of the straits and the contrary wind, they stopped at Rhegium. However, Luke next records, “And after one day, having come upon an Auster.”   The words “having come upon” are from a word found only here in Scripture, epiginomai. It is derived from two words signifying “upon” and “to come about.” The word translated as Auster is the same word as in Acts 27:13, notos. It signifies the South and thus a south wind. A single English word which corresponds to this is Auster, a south wind. Once this favorable wind came upon them, it next says, “the second day we came to Puteoli.”   Here is another word unique to Scripture, deuteraios. It is derived from deuteros, second, and signifies the second day. With the favorable wind that came from the south, it allowed them to pass through the straits. Once through the straits, they were able to sail all the way to Puteoli.   This is the modern city known as Pozzuoli. It is located very near Naples and was once a port city. Today, however, it is too shallow for large ships to arrive at. Its name means “The wells.” Being known for its warm baths, it is supposed that is how it got its name. Some relevant information from the era that these men arrived there is found in Wikipedia –   “Puteoli became the great emporium for the Alexandrian grain ships and other ships from all over the Roman world. It also was the main hub for goods exported from Campania, including blown glass, mosaics, wrought iron, and marble. Lucilius wrote in about 125 BC that it was second only to Delos in importance, then the greatest harbour of the ancient world. Many inscriptions show that a polyglot population established companies (stationes) for trade and transport and formed professional guilds for arts, crafts and religious associations for foreign cults; they included Greeks from the islands and the coast of Asia, Jews and later Christians. Under the Roman Empire, it was the greatest emporium of foreign trade in all of Italy. Trade with Tyre was so important that the Tyrians established a factory there in 174.”   Life application: In one verse, travel has gone from Syracuse to Rhegium to Puteoli. The population of these three cities totals about four hundred thousand people. Think of how many of them may have never heard of Jesus. Now imagine that you encounter people just like them throughout the week or even every day. They may never have heard of Jesus. Who is going to tell them? If not you, then who?   If you are saved, hooray for Jesus in your life. But be sure to now tell others about what He has done for you, and indeed for all the people of the world. Without hearing about Him, people cannot be saved. Hopefully, you will be affected enough about their plight to at least try to share what you know.   Lord God, help us to be responsible in sharing our faith in Jesus. We have family, friends, and acquaintances that need to hear the good news. We go to restaurants and are served by people that may have never been told the simple message of Your goodness to us in sending Jesus. Help us, O God, to faithfully proclaim what we know. Amen.  

In this video we explore the life, death and legacy of the 5th century Alexandrian philosopher Hypatia, the very dramatic events that led to her brutal murder and what this can tell us (or not) about the transition from antiquity to the middle ages.Check out my linktree for socials, music & more: https://linktr.ee/filipholmSupport Let's Talk Religion on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letstalkreligion Or through a one-time donation: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/letstalkreligion Sources/Recomended Reading:Athanassiadi, Polymnia (ed.) (1999). "Damascius: The Philosophical History: text with translation and notes". Apamea Cultural Association.Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Gregory, John (ed.) (1998). "The Neoplatonists: a reader". Routledge.Shaw, Gregory (2014). "Theurgy and the Soul: The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus". Angelico Press/Sophia Perennis.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company.Watts, Edward J. (2018). "Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher". Academic.Socrates Scholasticus: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/26017.htm Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

Saint Bartholomew was one of the Twelve Apostles, a Galilean; the Gospel accounts say little more about him. It is said that, after receiving the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, he traveled in the service of the Gospel to Arabia and Persia, and brought to India a translation of the Gospel according to Matthew. Eusebius writes that one hundred years later Pantaenus, an illustrious Alexandrian scholar, found this gospel when he traveled in India. By most accounts Bartholomew ended his life in Armenia, where he met his martyrdom by crucifixion. According to many, he and Nathaniel are the same person: the Gospel accounts that speak of Bartholomew do not mention Nathaniel; and St John's Gospel,which mentions Nathanael as one of the Twelve, does not mention Bartholomew. But according to the Greek Synaxarion, Bartholomew and Simon the Zealot are one and the same.   Saint Barnabas was one of the Seventy, from Cyprus, a Levite and at one time a fellow-student with St Paul under Gamaliel. After Christ's Ascension, he led the Seventy until the Apostle Paul's conversion. He is mentioned often in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes some of his travels as a companion of St Paul. By all accounts, he was the first to preach the Gospel of Christ in Rome and in Milan. His wonder-working relics were discovered on the island of Cyprus in the time of the Emperor Zeno; on this basis the Church of Cyprus was established as an independent Church, since it had an apostolic foundation.

Tuesday, 11 June 2024   After three months we sailed in an Alexandrian ship whose figurehead was the Twin Brothers, which had wintered at the island. Acts 28:11   The words are more literally translated, “And after three months, we went up in a ship having been wintered in the Island, Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri” (CG).   In the previous verse, Luke noted that the islanders honored Paul and him in many ways, noting that when they departed, they were provided things that were necessary. Now, Luke speaks of the actual departure, saying, “And after three months.”   This means that it was likely about early to mid-February. Some speculate it was as early as the month of January, others date it as late as March. The point is that they continued through the dangerous winter months while sailing was too hazardous.   The ship remained over the winter on the island until the time when it was safe to once again engage in commerce on the high seas. With the winter ending, the sailing would again be favorable. Therefore, Luke next notes, “we went up in a ship having been wintered in the Island.”   Being a perfect participle, it means that the ship was wintered there, and it continued to winter there until the time that it could again go up to the high seas. This ship was heading in the right direction for the continued travel to Rome, and so it was employed for the next leg of the journey. Of this ship, Luke notes it was “Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri.”   These words continue to show that Melita is, in fact, Malta. Malta would fall on the course from Alexandria to Italy, and so the identification of the ship as Alexandrian gives a good indication of the fact that the island was most likely Malta.   The word translated as figure-headed is parasémos. It comes from para, beside or by the side of, and séma, a sign or mark. Thus, a most literal translation would be “side-marked.” However, the intent is that of a figurehead.   Some ancient ships were side-marked with paintings, such as large eyes or other symbols like fighter jets display today. Others had carved images on them. Being the Dioscuri, it would seem likely these were carvings which then may have been highlighted with paint.   The word used to describe them is Dioskouroi, a word found only here in Scripture. It is derived from Dios which refers to Zeus and the plural of kouros, boy. Thus, it means the two sons of Zeus and Leda, Castor and Pollux. They were the patrons of sailors.   Due to the nature of the word, the translation can be literal, Dioscuri, or any suitable translation that conveys the message, such as “twin gods,” “twin brothers,” “Castor and Pollux,” “the Castors,” “the sign of the Twins,” “the Heavenly Twins,” etc.   Each gives an acceptable description intended to convey what Luke meant with the single word Dioskouroi. Of these guardian deities of sailors, Ellicott notes –   “In Greek mythology, Zeus had rewarded their brotherly devotion by placing them among the stars as the Gemini, which were connected with the month of May in the signs of the Zodiac, and Poseidon (= Neptune) had given them power over the winds and waves that they might assist the shipwrecked. So in the Helena of Euripides they appear, in 1550–60, as promising a fair wind and a safe voyage. The figure-heads of the Greek and Roman ships were commonly placed both at the prow and the stern.”   What is unusual is that Luke has never noted the figurehead on any ship that they had sailed on in his previous accounts. And the number of ships would not have been small. For example, he notes that sometimes they changed ships while in a harbor, taking another to get to their intended destinationy. This would have been quite common, changing ships from one harbor to the next.   Despite this, the account now – when leaving Malta – is the only time a figurehead is described. Of this, Benson says, “And yet, in a ship having such an idolatrous image, Paul did not refuse to sail, considering it as being only the name of the ship.”   Paul was a prisoner being conducted to Rome, he had no choice in what ship he traveled, and it is certain that the majority, if not all, of the ships they had traveled on had figureheads. Therefore, it is irrelevant that it was an idolatrous image.   What seems likely is that Luke included this to show a contrast to what had occurred upon their arrival. As that ship certainly had a figurehead, and maybe even the same one as the ship they were now departing on (being the patron of sailors), such figureheads were irrelevant in providing protection to a ship.   The Lord had been with Paul. He had assured the safety of every person on the ship, He had followed through with that, and He had demonstrated His hand upon Paul when the viper bit him and He continued to be with Paul as he laid hands upon the sick and healed them. And more, this journey to Rome is the fulfillment of the words of the Lord that Paul would bear witness at Rome (Acts 23:11).   Luke has, therefore, set a contrast to the effective workings of the Lord and the ineffective protection of false idols made by man's hands.   Life application: Despite Benson's comments not fitting the narrative, his words are correct that the images on the ship were idolatrous. People were putting their trust in something that is a part of creation rather than in the Creator.   The Bible mentions several constellations, acknowledging that they are as real as the planets. If God uses the constellations to tell a story, that is not the same thing as God allowing those things to be objects of worship or luck.   In Judges 9, Jotham uses the trees as an allegory. The Lord does this elsewhere as well. However, this doesn't mean that the trees have any power in and of themselves. They are simply used to convey a story or prophecy. We must be careful to distinguish between such things.   Also, it would be ludicrous to refuse to travel on a ship or airplane that has figureheads on it. Paul addresses such notions when dealing with foods sacrificed to idols in 1 Corinthians. Those things are nothing. As long as we remember that and have our hearts and minds directed to the Lord, we don't need to worry about what the world is doing.   Our hope is not in a carving, a painting, or a constellation. Rather, our hope is in the One who created all things and who has revealed Himself in Scripture and in the Person of Jesus Christ our Lord.   Heavenly Father, we know that an idol is nothing at all. It cannot help and it cannot harm. When our eyes look to the stars and constellations, we see Your hand of creation, not deities that can help us with our problems or direct our futures. May we always remember these things and focus our hearts and attention on You alone. Amen.  

Dr. Daniel B Wallace joins the Bible and Theology Matters podcast to discuss the subject of textual criticism. What is textual criticism? What is a variant? How many New Testament manuscripts do we have? How many textual variants are there? Can we get back to the original text? Is the New Testament Scripture reliable? Dr. Wallace will answer these questions and many more!

Saturday, 1 June 2024   Now when they had escaped, they then found out that the island was called Malta. Acts 28:1   A literal rendering of the Greek would be, “And, having been saved, then they knew that the island is called Malta.” (CG).   The last verse of the previous chapter noted that all had come to shore safely. With that, Chapter 28 begins with, “And, having been saved.”   The same word that was used to end Chapter 27 is again used here, diasózó. In that verse, it was an aorist verb, now it is an aorist participle –   And thus it was all were saved upon the land. And, having been saved...   The task is complete, all having been brought safely and securely to the shores of the island. With that now complete, it next says, “then they knew that the island is called Malta.”   The Alexandrian text (NIV e.g.) says “we” rather than “they.” At the end of the previous chapter, the NIV says “everyone” instead of “they.” As Luke was present and he obviously survived, one would think that he would include himself in this and say “we.” However, he may be making himself an outside evaluator of the events at this time. Or he may still be referring to Julius and the other soldiers who were in charge of ensuring that all came to the island safely.   Either way, and regardless of this, all made it ashore and came safely to what they found out was the island of Malta. Although it is evident this is the true spot of landing, there is one other claim to the location of the wreck. In order to give all of the details, the lengthy commentary of Charles Ellicott is provided -   “There is no ground for questioning the current belief that this was the modern Malta, It was the only island known as Melita by the Greeks and Romans. The gale, which had been blowing for fourteen days since the ship left Crete, would drive her in that direction. The local features of St. Paul's Bay agree closely, as has been seen, with the narrative in the Acts. There has from a very early date been a local tradition in favour of the belief. The Bay bears St. Paul's name. A cave is pointed out as having given him shelter. There has, however, been a rival claimant. In the Gulf of Venice, off the coast of Illyria, there is a small island, Meleta (now Meleda), which has been identified by some writers with the scene of St. Paul's shipwreck. The view is first mentioned by Constantino Porphyrogenitus, a Greek writer of the tenth century, and was revived in the last century by Padre Georgi, an ecclesiastic of the island. There is, however, not a shadow of evidence in its favour, beyond the similarity (riot identity) of name, and the mention of Adria in Acts 27:27. It has been shown, however, that that term was used with far too wide a range to be decisive on such a question; and against the view there are the facts (1) that it would almost have required a miracle to get the ship, with a north-east gale blowing strongly, up to the Illyrian coast of the Gulf of Venice; (2) that a ship would not naturally have wintered on that coast on its way from Alexandria to Puteoli (Acts 28:11); (3) that there has been no local tradition in its favour, as at Malta. The island of Malta was originally a Phoenician colony. It came under the power of Carthage in B.C. 402, and was ceded to Rome in B.C. 242. Its temple, dedicated to Juno, was rich enough to be an object of plunder to Verres, the Prætor of Sicily (Cic. In Verr. vv. 46).”   Life application: People naturally want things to apply to themselves if they are notable in some manner. It is certain that Malta is where the ship ran aground and there are few who would question this. And yet, there is a challenge to this because someone wanted to appear to have discovered something others didn't know, or maybe because there was pride in those in a different location that they were the focus of the biblical narrative.   This happens all the time. People in various cultures claim that they are the true Israelites who were exiled from the land. This is claimed by Mormons. It is claimed by British Israelism. It is claimed by various sects of the Church of God. And so forth. None of these are even close to reality, and yet the claims are made.   Also, it is often argued, even vehemently, that the New Testament was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic despite there being no sound reason to claim this. And more, internal clues abound that it is not so.   These and ten thousand other such claims are made because people want to identify with one thing or another that they want to be true. This is unsound. It causes real problems with doctrine, and it causes divisions that should not exist.   We should be willing to objectively evaluate such things and come to reasonable conclusions concerning them. If we do, for sure our doctrine will be more properly aligned with God's intent, and we will not grow into the cult-like mentality that so easily permeates our minds, our lives, and even controls our destinies.   Be wise and discerning and check out the things you hear, lest you get caught up into the strange doctrines that are warned against in the word (see Hebrews 13:9).   Heavenly Father, may we not be led astray by odd, goofy, and irregular teachings that have no bearing on reality. Rather, may we be guided by Your Spirit and willing also to check all things and test them for accuracy. May it be so to Your glory! Amen.

Listen in as we chat with Metro engineer, SB member, and double Alexandrian, Abdel Elnoubi and (from afar) his—are you ready?—BUNNY! The important thing for you to know about this episode is that Diane may have some feelings about Abdel's choice of pizza joint—WHO CAN KNOW?! Shirley Temples are coming back! Sometimes with *ginger ale*! Catch up on House of Cards Lost Dog Pizza Small little white bunny called Fuzzy Butterfly mural—shout out to EBP! We forgot to ask this WMATA engineer if time travel is possible Get this man to karaoke! Abdel admires Bernie Sanders ACPS's MLK Arts Display! More 100-year storms now! ECCAP Figure: Figure 25, heat disparities, along with figures 24 and 26, which show climate inequities! Overcrowding in our schools, esp on West End What keeps up at night: Dying too soon: New report reveals deep and persistent health disparities in Northern Virginia Info on that biiiiiig budget increase School Board sent to Council Rashmi QUIT engineering to enter what we're sure is a more lucrative profession, art.

Creation Corner: Hungry for more worldbuilding ideas? Joining us today is Josh Pinkerton, sometime guest DM and player on the Tales from the Glass-Guarded World podcast. In today's episode we talk about managing the precarious balance of creating new story in an existing world. Josh has done this with great skill in his appearances, and we talk about the how of it all. During this episode: Josh mentions a website that has inspired his past work: The Alexandrian, a site dedicated to retooling existing adventures to make them run more smoothly. Both Josh and Rhett appear in a current release on the Tales from the Glass-Guarded World feed, in which we playtest a rules revision of the Star Frontiers system published by TSR in the 80s. Check it out for some sci fi hijinks! To listen to Josh's notable guest DM appearance, you'll want to follow his Paxton and the Rug Buds series, which begins here. As a warning, you'll probably want to listen to the previous story in order, since these episodes build upon established events. It's well worth the listen! If you're interested in continuing the conversation, you can send your thoughts our way on Twitter, Instagram, or through our Discord server. Finally, we invite you to join our family friendly Discord server! Please check us out at https://discord.com/invite/sUUJp78r3E. ----- We didn't use any Creative Commons sound effects this time, but we still like to give credit to freesound.org, a fantastic resource for completely free sound effects. We also did not use some any Battlebards sound effects, but check them out at battlebards.com. If you sign up for a Prime account, be sure to use our special code, stack, and you'll get a 20% discount on your subscription. And now, on with the show-- we're excited to tell a story with you.

Parts 1 & 2 of this mini-series dealt with how the Alexandrian bibles attack the character and deity of the Lord Jesus Christ. This message looks at the building blocks and cement mortar that these same bibles contain to resurrect the Tower of Babel. We look at how Satan is working to unite Easter mystical religions and the occult with western Catholic/Protestantism for his one-world government & religious system.

Most know Acts 8:37 as a key example of corruption in modern Bibles, but that's only scratching the surface. The identity of Jesus Christ has been completely stripped and tainted in the Alexandrian texts since the time of Origen. This first part of the lesson will serve to pull back the curtain of just how far the deception goes.

Twenty years of chaos in the Ptolemaic kingdom come to an end during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204-180). His marriage to the Seleucid princess Cleopatra I Syra confirmed the loss of Coele Syria to Antiochus III, yet she proved to be a good match and helped secure the future of the dynasty. Haronnophoris and the Great Revolt are finally put down in 186, but the Alexandrian government is forced to give concessions to the Egyptians, as the Ptolemies must now come to terms with their new status as a second-class power in the Mediterranean. We also delve into the history of the Rosetta Stone, the Hellenistic period's most famous document, and its role in the decipherment of Ancient Egyptian. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2024/03/10/095-ptolemaic-egypt-the-two-lands-restored/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/095-ptolemaic-egypt-the-two-lands-restored-transcript.pdf) Ptolemy V Family Tree: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/reign-of-ptolemy-v.pdf) Autocrat Podcast: Website (http://www.autocratpodcast.wordpress.com/) Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/30Muilr1O66yA4UDcj76SW?si=c6648d9db9b3446c) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)