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Lauren Megaw, VP of Corporate Development for Reyna Silver (TSXV:RSLV)(OTCQX:RSNVF), joins me to provide a re-introduction to this junior silver and gold exploration company and their 4 key projects located in Nevada and Mexico. We review their most recent exploration program from the Gryphon Project, as well as the upcoming exploration program being planned at Batopilas Project. We start off discussing their option to acquire 70% of the 12,058-hectare "Gryphon Summit Project" in Nevada, as well as the importance of consolidating their interest in Grypon with the acquisition of Reyna Gold in October 2024. The Gryphon Project shows features indicating uniquely superimposed/overprinted Silver-Lead-Zinc-Copper Carbonate Replacement (CRD), Carlin Gold and Critical Metals mineralization. Also in Nevada, Reyna Silver is advancing its option to acquire 100% of the "Medicine Springs Project" where Reyna Silver is exploring a potentially significant Silver-Lead-Zinc-Copper CRD-skarn-Porphyry system. Next we shifted focus down to Reyna Silver´s Mexican assets, which include the 100% owned "Guigui Project" and "Batopilas Project", both located in Chihuahua State. The Guigui Project covers the interpreted source area for the Santa Eulalia Carbonate Replacement Deposit District and Batopilas covers most of Mexico´s historically highest-grade silver system. The focus of their next exploration and drill program in 2025 will be focused at multiple precious metals targets across the Batopilas Project, at the Silver Zone, Banda Este, and Cobriza Zone. Wrapping up we focused on the management team, board, and key technical advisors on the team behind Reyna Silver, as well as the key investing stakeholders, share structure, and financial health of the company. If you have questions for Lauren on Reyna Silver, then please email them into me at Shad@kereport.com. Click here to follow the latest news from Reyna Silver
Interview with Alain Lambert, CEO of Prismo Metals Inc.Recording date: 30th January 2025Prismo Metals (CSE:PRIZ) is advancing its flagship Hot Breccia copper project in Arizona, where the company aims to test a large geophysical anomaly that could represent a significant porphyry copper and skarn system. The project, located in a prolific copper mining district, sits just 40 kilometers from Resolution, one of the world's largest undeveloped copper deposits.Led by CEO Alain Lambert, Prismo has identified what it believes could be a major copper system at Hot Breccia. The project was previously explored by Kennecott (a Rio Tinto subsidiary) in the 1970s, but historical drilling didn't reach sufficient depths to test the heart of the system. Recent surface sampling has returned values up to 5.6% copper in mineralized fragments, which the company interprets as evidence of a deeper porphyry system.The company has completed surface mapping, geophysical surveys, and obtained necessary permits for a planned 5,000-meter initial drill program. Prismo has also employed artificial intelligence to reprocess geophysical data, which has helped refine drill targets. While the company had hoped to raise $3 million to begin drilling in early 2024, challenging market conditions have delayed the financing.Beyond Hot Breccia, Prismo holds two projects in Mexico: Palos Verdes, a silver project adjacent to Vizsla Silver's holdings in Sinaloa state, and Los Pavitos, a gold property in Sonora. However, the company's primary focus remains on Hot Breccia, where success could attract interest from major mining companies already operating in the region, including Rio Tinto, BHP, Freeport-McMoRan, and Grupo Mexico.The project's location in Arizona provides significant advantages, including excellent infrastructure, proximity to existing mines and smelters, and a supportive mining jurisdiction. This positioning could prove crucial as global copper demand continues to rise, driven by the energy transition and electrification trends. Industry forecasts suggest a potential 10-million-tonne annual copper shortfall by 2035, highlighting the need for new copper discoveries.Prismo's strategy is focused on discovery rather than development. As Lambert states, "It's going to be a big boy game at the end. We want to find the prize and let somebody else develop it." This approach aligns with the company's goal of delivering value through exploration success and potentially selling to or partnering with a major mining company for development.The company is fully permitted and has a drilling contractor lined up, ready to begin work once financing is secured.Learn more: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/prismo-metalsSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Strickland Metals (ASX: STK) owns the monster project called Rogozna in Serbia, it has a resource of 5.4 million ounces of gold equivalent, it also owns the Yandal Gold Project in WA. The company has a series of resource updates planned for this year and drilling is set to resume in March. ---- Produced by Resource Media ---- The Hole Truth is a product of Read Corporate. Please note that Read Corporate does not provide investment advice and investors should seek personalised advice before making any investment decisions.
Interview withChristopher Taylor, Chairman, Kodiak Copper& Claudia Tornquist, President & CEO, Kodiak CopperOur previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/kodiak-copper-tsx-v-kdk-unlocking-a-premier-copper-gold-porphyry-project-in-british-columbia-6295Recording date: 17th of January, 2025Kodiak Copper Corp. (TSXV:KDK) is advancing toward a significant milestone at its MPD copper project in southern British Columbia, with plans to deliver its first mineral resource estimate (MRE) in 2025. The project, located in the prolific Quesnel Trough mining district, sits amongst established operations including Teck Resources' Highland Valley Mine and Copper Mountain Mining's Copper Mountain Mine.After six years of exploration and over 85,000 meters of drilling, the company will quantify mineralization across approximately seven of its ten identified zones. The MPD property, spanning 338 km², features two distinct porphyry clusters in the northern and southern sections of the property.President and CEO Claudia Tornquist emphasizes the MRE's importance in demonstrating the project's true scale to investors. The company's Chairman and Founder, Chris Taylor, whose previous success includes the C$1.8 billion sale of Great Bear Resources to Kinross, draws parallels between MPD and nearby producing mines like Copper Mountain and New Afton, which similarly developed from single discoveries into multi-deposit operations.Despite significant exploration progress, Kodiak's market capitalization remains at approximately C$30 million, notably lower than peer companies North Isle and Faraday Copper, which command valuations exceeding C$100 million. Management views the upcoming resource estimate as a potential catalyst for market revaluation while maintaining active exploration across the property.The company benefits from strong shareholder support, with Teck Resources as its largest shareholder. Its strategic position in the copper sector aligns with growing demand driven by global electrification and renewable energy trends, against a backdrop of constrained supply due to years of underinvestment in new mine development.Taylor notes the transformative potential of porphyry copper systems, stating that companies are "always one drill hole away from a $100 million market cap." While the resource estimate represents a crucial milestone, Kodiak remains committed to ongoing exploration, testing new targets and expanding known zones.The investment thesis centers on the upcoming resource estimate as a near-term catalyst, the project's strategic location in a proven mining district, continued exploration upside, and exposure to strengthening copper market fundamentals. With experienced management, strong institutional backing, and multiple potential catalysts ahead, Kodiak Copper aims to close the valuation gap with its more advanced peers while advancing the MPD project toward its full potential.Learn more: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/kodiak-copper-corpSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Chad Peters of Ridgeline Minerals discusses the company's year-end updates and future exploration plans. He highlights ongoing drilling at the Swift project, the partnership with South32 at the Selena project, and the upcoming drilling at Big Blue, emphasizing the potential for significant discoveries in Nevada's mining landscape.
In this episode Chris brings us Opinion Scholarship on the idea of a supreme, monotheistic God as expressed in the Neoplatonic idea of "The One" or "The Monad." We explore the commonalities between Christian Monotheism and Neoplatonism and speculate on the fertile ground for the emergency of this idea prepared by the pre-Socratics and Plato himself. We take a deep dive into Plotinus, Porphyry and Proclus, their descriptions of mystical experience and see see how they rationalizations their mystical intuitions with logic and reason. We then discuss altered states of consciousness, the ancient Greek mysteries and depth psychology to bring this all together. Enjoy ;)
Interview with CEO Claudia Tornquist & Chairman Christopher Taylor of Kodiak CopperOur previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/mining-ma-heats-up-key-trends-opportunities-in-the-gold-copper-sector-6106Recording date: 20th November 2024Kodiak Copper Corp. (TSX-V: KDK) is advancing its MPD copper-gold porphyry project in southern British Columbia's Quesnel Trough, strategically positioning itself to meet the growing global copper demand driven by clean energy transitions. The company has successfully identified 10 mineralized zones across the property, with recent drilling programs yielding impressive results.Under the leadership of CEO Claudia Tornquist, a former Rio Tinto executive, and Chairman Christopher Taylor, a geologist with over 20 years of industry experience, Kodiak's strategy focuses on defining substantial high-grade, near-surface zones that could potentially form a future starter pit. This approach has proven successful with recent discoveries at the Adit Zone, which returned 0.43% copper equivalent over 357 meters and remains open for expansion.The company maintains a strong financial position with a tight share structure of only 75 million shares outstanding and backing from major mining company Teck Resources. Their development roadmap includes completing a resource estimate and preliminary economic assessment (PEA), with plans for a resource-focused drill program in 2025. The company has demonstrated success in raising necessary funds while minimizing shareholder dilution.The MPD project benefits from its location in mining-friendly British Columbia, offering significant advantages including political stability, clear permitting processes, and excellent infrastructure. The management team's expertise, including Taylor's track record of discovering the 5-million-ounce Hardrock gold deposit in Ontario, adds credibility to their exploration strategy.The investment thesis for Kodiak Copper is particularly compelling given the macro environment for copper. The International Energy Agency projects a monumental increase in global copper demand over the next two decades, with estimates reaching 39 million metric tons by 2040, up from 23.4 million tons in 2020. This surge is driven by the metal's critical role in electric vehicles, renewable energy infrastructure, and power grid modernization.With the current pipeline of new copper projects at an all-time low and new discoveries becoming increasingly rare, Kodiak's high-grade copper project in a stable jurisdiction presents an attractive opportunity for investors. The company's combination of strong management, promising drill results, strategic location, and exposure to favorable copper market fundamentals positions it well to capitalize on the growing demand for copper in the clean energy transition.View Kodiak Copper's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/kodiak-copper-corpSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Sunstone Metals Ltd (ASX:STM) managing director Patrick Duffy joins Proactive's Tylah Tully to discuss the new discovery of a new gold-copper porphyry, the Copete target, at the Bramaderos Project in southern Ecuador. This discovery expands the mineralised area to a 2-kilometre by 1.8-kilometre cluster, supporting the potential for a large open-pit mining operation. The Copete target complements an earlier porphyry exploration target estimate of 3.3-8.6 million ounces of gold equivalent, indicating room for an increase in the target. Duffy says Copete is strategically located near the 2.7 million-ounce Brama-Alba resource and the Melonal exploration target, strengthening Bramaderos' potential as a world-class, long-term mining prospect. Initial trench sampling at Copete has revealed substantial surface mineralisation, with one trench returning 113 metres at 0.64 g/t gold equivalent. The Copete target features a 1.8-kilometre mineralised trend and shares characteristics with the Brama deposit, showing potential for higher-grade copper at depth. Although largely unexplored, Copete's magnetic and structural features suggest it represents an intact porphyry system. Partnership discussions are underway with third parties to expedite exploration and resource growth for Bramaderos and Sunstone other Ecuador project, El Palmar. #ProactiveInvestors #SunstoneMetals #ASX #BramaderosProject, #GoldCopper, #EcuadorMining, #ResourceDiscovery, #MineralExploration, #MiningInvestment, #OpenPitMining, #CopperGold, #PorphyrySystem, #ExplorationTarget, #NaturalResources, #MiningProjects, #MiningPotential, #MineralisedCluster, #CopeteDiscovery, #PartnershipDiscussions, #ElPalmarProject, #WorldClassResources, #MiningNews
“Despite the strong gold price environment we are in, a lot of juniors in the gold space are still really struggling…to raise money. That to me shows we are not in a crazy bull market. A crazy bull market is moose pasture in the middle of nowhere being able to raise thirty million dollars at a drop of a hat. To me that is the sell signal…we have not yet seen the generalist into this sector,” shared Dr. Adshead-Bell. She also provided commentary on the best practices for investing in the junior gold mining sector. Nicole Adshead-Bell is the Director of Cupel Advisory. She is a PhD geologist by trade and has worked in the resource sector for more than 24 years. Her roles within the sector have varied from analyst to M&A facilitator to junior resource company board member. 0:00 Intro 1:06 US Election' impact on resource sector 2:27 Newmont's 2nd project sales 10:47 Recent M&A and where we are in the cycle 19:57 Porphyry vs low tonnage/high grade copper projects 24:22 Impact of Re-Domiciling of Solaris Resources 29:05 Understanding jurisdictions 31:39 Is it time to buy marginal ounces in the ground? 36:15 Importance of strategic investors 39:58 Breaking bad investor habits in 2025 Junior Stock Review Premium - https://www.juniorstockreview.com/premium-subscription/ Nicole's website: https://www.cupeladvisory.com/about Sign up for our free newsletter and receive interview transcripts, stock profiles and investment ideas: http://eepurl.com/cHxJ39 Mining Stock Education (MSE) offers informational content based on available data but it does not constitute investment, tax, or legal advice. It may not be appropriate for all situations or objectives. Readers and listeners should seek professional advice, make independent investigations and assessments before investing. MSE does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of its content and should not be solely relied upon for investment decisions. MSE and its owner may hold financial interests in the companies discussed and can trade such securities without notice. If you buy stock in a company featured on MSE, for your own protection, you should assume that it is MSE's owner personally selling you that stock. MSE is biased towards its advertising sponsors which make this platform possible. MSE is not liable for representations, warranties, or omissions in its content. By accessing MSE content, users agree that MSE and its affiliates bear no liability related to the information provided or the investment decisions you make. Full disclaimer: https://www.miningstockeducation.com/disclaimer/
Jive Book Review of Theurgy and the Soul by Gregory Shaw, Professor of Religious Studies at Stonehill College. In this work he outlines the philosophy and ritual practise of Iamblichus of Syria (ca. 240 325), whose teachings set the final form of pagan spirituality prior to the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Theurgy literally means "divine action" or "godly work"I describe how this work is useful for modern polythesists including Heathens like myself.
John Miniotis, President and CEO and David O'Connor, Chief Geologist of AbraSilver Resource Corp (TSX.V:ABRA – OTCQX:ABBRF), join us to review more drill holes that have been released from the ongoing 20,000 meter Phase 4 diamond drill campaign expanding the Oculto Zone to the NorthEast and the JAC Zone to the SouthEast, on their wholly-owned Diablillos property in Salta Province, Argentina. We also discuss the new TITAN geophysical survey results and targeting for upcoming drilling of some porphyry targets at Cerro Blanco and Cerro Viejo. We start off having John and Dave recap the recent wide-intercept silver mineralization returned from the next batch of drill holes released from expanding the Oculto and JAC areas.Holes DDH 24-017, DDH 24-021 and DDH 24-024 were drilled in the Oculto northeast area and designed to expand the existing known shallow mineralization. Holes DDH 24-020 and DDH 24-023 were step-out holes in the JAC southwest area that were drilled to extend the existing Mineral Resources beyond the current conceptual open pit boundary. Next we discussed the TITAN geophysical survey results have come back helping to target a couple of deeper drill holes to explore for an underlying copper and gold porphyry system at both the Cerro Blanco and Cerro Viejo targets. This area is located approximately 3.5 km northeast of the Oculto deposit, and drilling in this area is expected to commence by the end of September. Additionally, another target Cerro Bayo, nearby the Oculto deposit, will be drilled, looking for more near-surface high-grade silver and gold oxide mineralization to expand and extend the front-end economics of a project development scenario. Wrapping up, John outlines the company is still very cashed up to finish the ongoing Phase 4 drill program, and complete the upcoming Pre-Feasibility Study, all while heading into next year with plenty of funds left over to continue working on expanding and derisking the Diablillos Project. If you have any follow up questions for John regarding at AbraSilver, then please email us at Shad@kereport.com or Fleck@kereport.com. In full disclosure, Shad is a shareholder of AbraSilver at the time of this recording. Click here to visit the AbraSilver website and read over the most recent news releases.
Sam Lee of Northisle Copper and Gold shared the mic with MSD last week at the Beaver Creek Precious Metals Summit to discuss a wide range of topics, including the permitting framework for project in British Columbia and gaining new investment interest in BC porphyry plays.
Riversgold Ltd (ASX:RGL) chairman David Lenigas joins Proactive's Tylah Tully to discuss exploration at the company's Northern Zone Intrusive Hosted Gold Project in Western Australia, where it has identified a gold-bearing porphyry system extending over 600 metres of strike. The company's aircore drilling campaign has completed 30 holes, with results from the first eight confirming the presence of significant mineralisation. The remaining 22 drill results are pending. The system, still being defined, could potentially be larger than initially expected. Riversgold chair David Lenigas noted that geological modelling supports the presence of substantial gold, with some sections extending up to 600 metres in width. The company is planning further drilling to better explore the porphyry system, which remains open in several directions. Initial results from this round of drilling revealed gold grades of 4 metres at 1.05 g/t gold from 30 metres and 5 metres at 1.5 g/t gold from 30 metres. Previous drilling campaigns showed broader intersections, including 16 metres at 4.69 g/t gold and other significant finds. Riversgold aims to continue exploration to gain further insight into the system before determining a mineral resource estimate. The proximity to Saturn Metals' Apollo Hill Gold Project suggests potential for a large-scale heap leach operation. #ProactiveInvestors #Riversgold #GoldExploration #PorphyrySystem #NorthernZoneProject #WesternAustralia #GoldMineralisation #AircoreDrilling #Kalgoorlie #MiningNews #GoldProject #ResourceEstimate #GoldGrades #GeologicalModelling #SaturnMetals #ApolloHill #HeapLeach #GoldMining #ExplorationDrilling #GoldProspecting #MineralExploration #ASX #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
Check out my linktree to find our new song, socials & more: https://linktr.ee/filipholmSupport Let's Talk Religion on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letstalkreligion Or through a one-time donation: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/letstalkreligion Also check out the Let's Talk Religion Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/0ih4sqtWv0wRIhS6HFgerb?si=95b07d83d0254bSources/Recomended Reading:Clark, Gillian (translated by) (2000). "Porphyry: On Abstinence from Killing Animals". Bristol Classical Press.Gerson, Loyd P. (ed.) (2019). "Plotinus: The Enneads". Cambridge University Press.Gerson, Loyd P (2008). "Cambridge Companion to Plotinus". Cambridge University Press.Huffman, Carl A. (ed.) (2017). "A History of Pythagoreanism". Cambridge University Press.Iamblichus "On the Mysteries". Tranlsated by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon & Jackson P. Hershell. Writings from the Graeco-Roman World. Society of Biblical Literature.Kirk, G.S., J.E. Raven & M. Schofield (1983). "The Presocratic Philosophers". Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.Shaw, Gregory (2014). "Theurgy and the Soul: The Neoplatonism of Iamblichus". Angelico Press/Sophia Perennis.Wallis, R.T. (1998). "Neoplatonism". Second Edition. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. Hackett Publishing Company. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Interview with David Kelley, President & CEO of Chakana Copper Corp.Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/chakana-copper-tsxvperu-drilling-points-to-significant-copper-mineralization-5654Recording date: 31st August 2024Chakana Copper's recent announcements regarding its Soledad project in Peru have unveiled significant potential for investors interested in early-stage mineral exploration. The company's latest findings, including high-grade silver discoveries and indications of a large porphyry system, position Soledad as a promising exploration play with multiple avenues for success.Key highlights from the project include:High-grade silver discovery: The La Joya prospect has yielded impressive results, with silver grades exceeding 1 kilogram per ton near the surface. This high-grade mineralization, located just 58 meters below the surface and extending over a 700-meter footprint, presents an attractive near-term target for resource development.Geological breakthrough: Chakana has made significant strides in understanding the controls on mineralization in the district. The identification of a large precursor intrusion and its relationship to subsequent mineralization provides a roadmap for more targeted and efficient exploration efforts.Porphyry potential: The Mega Gold target area shows promising signs of a porphyry system, including pyrite shells and geophysical signatures typical of such deposits. While still in the early stages, this target offers substantial long-term potential.Multiple deposit types: The Soledad project encompasses various deposit types, including high-grade breccia pipes, epithermal systems, and porphyry targets. This diversity increases the chances of making an economic discovery and provides multiple paths to success.Resource growth potential: Chakana aims to increase its resource base from the current 6.7 million tons to 10 million tons in the near term, with several promising targets yet to be fully explored.The company's exploration strategy focuses on systematically testing these various targets, balancing near-term resource growth potential with longer-term, larger-scale opportunities. Upcoming drilling programs at La Joya, Ceiro breccias, and the Mega Gold target area are expected to provide significant news flow and potential catalysts for the stock.Investors should note that Chakana Copper, as a junior exploration company, presents both high risk and high reward potential. The company will require ongoing funding to support its exploration efforts, which may lead to dilution for existing shareholders. However, the project's geological merit, the company's systematic approach to exploration, and the experienced management team led by CEO David Kelley provide some mitigation to these risks.The macro environment for copper exploration remains favorable, driven by increasing demand from the green energy transition and electric vehicle production. Additionally, precious metals like silver continue to attract interest as safe-haven assets.For investors willing to accept the inherent risks of early-stage mineral exploration, Chakana Copper offers exposure to a project with district-scale potential in a well-established mining jurisdiction. The company's recent discoveries and geological breakthroughs have significantly de-risked the project, while still offering substantial upside potential if further exploration success is achieved. As CEO David Kelley states, "We're looking for a trillion dollar asset... if we're successful, the type of wealth and financial benefit that a new discovery of the kind of scale that we're going after is enormous." While such outcomes are rare in the mining industry, Chakana Copper's Soledad project demonstrates the geological potential to support such ambitious goals.View Chakana Copper's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/chakana-copperSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
John Miniotis, President and CEO of AbraSilver Resource Corp (TSX.V:ABRA – OTCQX:ABBRF), joins us to review more drill holes that have been released from the ongoing 20,000 meter Phase 4 diamond drill campaign expanding the JAC Zone to the SouthEast, and the Occulto Zone to the NorthEast on their wholly-owned Diablillos property in Salta Province, Argentina. We also discuss the mapping and targeting for upcoming drilling of some porphyry targets at Cerro Blanco and Cerro Viejo. We start off having John recap the recent wide-intercept silver mineralization returned from the next 3 drill holes exploring the SouthWest extension of JAC. Drill hole # DDH 24-018 was a step-out hole to the south of JAC which intersected a high-grade silver intercept of 31.5 m grading 277 g/t Ag, including 13.7 m grading 455 g/t Ag. This intercept confirms a new significant high-grade mineralized structure at an angle to the main JAC zone, which is now a top-priority exploration target. The southwest extension of the main JAC trend and the structure heading towards the Alpaca zone are currently being drilled. Next we discussed Drill hole DDH 24-011 located in the Oculto northeast zone, between 150 - 200 meters above the previously known dominant level of mineralization. The core is well mineralized to the end of the hole, and this section again demonstrates the potential to expand the currently defined open pit and with it the Mineral Resources and Reserves. More drilling at the NorthEast Extension of Occulto is planned in order to test the various levels of mineralization in the area for shallower mineralization and a potentially higher-grade gold zone beneath. Additionally, the nearby Cerro Bayo will be drilled, looking for more near-surface high-grade silver and gold oxide mineralization to expand and extend the front-end economics of a project development scenario. Wrapping up, we discussed the electromagnetic survey currently being conducted to help site a series of deeper drill holes to explore for an underlying porphyry system at both the Cerro Blanco and Cerro Viejo targets. This area is located approximately 3.5 km northeast of the Oculto deposit, and drilling in this area is expected to commence by the end of September. If you have any follow up questions for John regarding at AbraSilver, then please email us at Shad@kereport.com or Fleck@kereport.com. In full disclosure, Shad is a shareholder of AbraSilver at the time of this recording. Click here to visit the AbraSilver website and read over the most recent news releases.
Brixton Metals CEO Gary Thompson discusses the second round of drill campaign results from the Thorn project in Northwest British Columbia. The results include hole 291, which revealed a gold zone and a copper zone. The gold zone aligns with a Northeast trending gold zone called Talisker, with high-grade gold, silver, and copper mineralization. The porphyry system at depth shows potential for expansion, and the presence of molybdenum is noteworthy. The company is also exploring new porphyry targets and preparing to drill at the Trapper gold target.
In this week's episode, we cover chapters 20 and 21 from Shadow Scale by Rachel Hartman. Lucien Kiggs is back and wants some alone time with Seraphina (you know what that means - kissy kissy), Seraphina and Kiggs get some bad news, and we fight for dragon rights! Raven also drops a mind-blowing theory about the origin of Jannoula.Create a podcast with Buzzsprout and get a $20 Amazon gift card with our link!https://www.buzzsprout.com/?referrer_id=289148Thanks so much for listening! If you want more of the podcast, you can follow us on Facebook (facebook.com/tigbabpodcast) or Instagram (instagram.com/tigbabpodcast).TIGBAB Jingle by:Bahram Bahrami (Bahrambient on Spotify)https://open.spotify.com/artist/15y9zAEE8UaiSmdmbG6gja?si=l3HD_t0JS4mFzV7vjLu7eQBackground music:"Leaving Home" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Support the Show.
Guardian Metal Resources CEO Oliver Friesen joined Steve Darling from Proactive to announce a major development at the company's flagship Pilot Mountain Project in Nevada, revealing potential large-scale porphyry-style mineralization. The discovery was made in drill hole PM24-002, prompting the company to consult with Dr. Lawrence Carter, a renowned expert in porphyry copper deposits and a specialist on the nearby Yerington porphyry copper district. Dr. Carter conducted a comprehensive review and provided recommendations for further exploration and drilling. In response to these findings, Guardian Metal Resources has staked an additional 16 new claims at Pilot Mountain, significantly expanding the project's footprint. The company has also completed further magnetic and induced polarization (IP) geophysical surveys to aid in drill targeting. The results of these additional IP surveys will be interpreted and released in the near future, as the company continues to explore the potential of this promising mineralization. #proactiveinvestors #guardianmetalrrsources #aim #gmet #otcqx #gmtlf #Tungsten, #CriticalMetals, #Mining, #PilotMountain, #OliverFriesen, #USNationalSecurity, #PorphyryExploration, #GreenTechnologies, #NuclearFusion, #MilitaryApplications, #GeophysicalAnomaly, #DrCarter, #NevadaMining, #OTCListing, #UKCompany, #USMarket, #MineralSupplyChain, #Reshoring, #ExplorationGeology#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
Interview with Robin Tolbert, VP Exploration, and Sam Lee, President & CEO of NorthIsle Copper & Gold Inc.Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/northisle-copper-gold-tsxvncx-leveraging-the-rising-copper-gold-market-on-path-to-production-5205Recording date: 29th May 2024NorthIsle Copper and Gold is advancing a significant copper-gold porphyry project on northern Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The project boasts an impressive resource base, with over 4.9 million ounces of indicated gold resources and approximately 2.5 billion pounds of indicated copper resources. This forms a strong foundation to build upon in a rising commodity price environment.With copper and gold prices at attractive levels, NorthIsle is taking steps to grow the project further and optimize the potential development scenario. The company is currently undertaking trade-off studies to determine the optimal path forward, with a focus on delineating a potential starter pit operation on the higher-grade Red Dog and Northwest Expo zones.CEO Sam Lee highlighted the opportunity in a recent interview, stating, "We obviously saw recent highs on not only copper and gold, it's to grow the project right, it's to make it bigger, it's to make it obviously better, and that's what we are doing through the drill right now."This year's 10,000 meter drill program is following up on successful programs in 2022 and 2023 and will target high-grade zones that could enhance the overall project economics. VP Exploration Robin Tolbert sees big potential, especially at Northwest Expo."At Northwest Expo, we have of course the resource in there, which is where those red drill holes are," said Tolbert. "What we find is the mineralization to the south, which is to the left, is very high grade but that currently is in the inferred category. We are planning to drill seven holes through this red area which is the high grade, and that will increase the grade and tonnage of high grade."A key advantage for NorthIsle is the existing infrastructure in the area, including power, roads, and port facilities, thanks to the historical BHP Island Copper mine that operated in the 1970s. This is a major benefit that could allow the project to be advanced efficiently. While a lot of work is going into expanding and upgrading resources at known zones, NorthIsle also sees tremendous blue sky exploration potential on the wider property package. Initial drilling at the Pemberton Hills target indicates a very large porphyry system could be present, and this area will see more drilling in 2024.For investors bullish on copper and gold, NorthIsle presents a compelling opportunity, with a large existing resource base in a top-tier jurisdiction, ongoing drilling to expand high-grade zones, and district-scale upside potential. With demand for copper forecast to grow significantly in the coming years, NorthIsle is well positioned to create value as it continues to advance and de-risk this major project.View NorthIsle Copper & Gold's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/northisle-copper-goldSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Interview with David Kelley, President & CEO of Chakana CopperOur previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/chakana-copper-tsx-v-peru-pivotal-3000m-drill-program-for-tier-one-potential-in-peru-5047Recording date: 10th May 2024Chakana Copper (TSX-V: PERU) is a Canadian mineral exploration company that is making significant strides in advancing its flagship Soledad project, located in the prolific Ancash mining district of Peru. The company's focus on high-grade copper, gold, and silver mineralization has positioned it as an attractive investment opportunity for those seeking exposure to the growing global demand for these metals.Since 2017, Chakana Copper has been systematically exploring the Soledad project, which now encompasses a impressive 4,200 hectares of highly prospective land. The company's efforts have been rewarded with the discovery of numerous high-grade, outcropping tourmaline breccia pipes, which have consistently delivered strong copper, gold, and silver grades.Recent drilling at the Estremadoyro breccia pipe has further highlighted the potential of the project, with intercepts of 1% copper, 0.6 g/t gold, and 26 g/t silver, equating to an impressive 1.65% copper equivalent grade. The presence of high-grade copper minerals such as bornite intergrown with chalcopyrite suggests the potential for even higher grades as exploration continues.In addition to the high-grade breccias, Chakana Copper is also excited about the potential of its Mega Gold porphyry target. Porphyry deposits are known for their large size potential, and early indications from drilling at Mega Gold are encouraging. Visual observations of alteration and the presence of key minerals such as chalcopyrite and molybdenite suggest that the company may be onto a significant discovery.Chakana Copper is currently in the midst of a 3,000-meter drill program, which is now being expanded based on the positive results received to date. This expansion is being supported by Gold Fields, a major shareholder in the company, which is a strong endorsement of the project's potential.For investors, Chakana Copper offers a unique opportunity to gain exposure to a major new copper-gold-silver discovery in a well-established mining jurisdiction. The company's strong technical team, backed by supportive shareholders and a tight share structure, is well-positioned to unlock the value of the Soledad project as exploration continues.With the global demand for copper, gold, and silver expected to remain strong in the coming years, driven by the growth of renewable energy, electric vehicles, and infrastructure development, Chakana Copper is poised to benefit from its strategic position in the market.As the company continues to advance the Soledad project, investors can look forward to a steady stream of news flow, including drill results and resource updates, which have the potential to re-rate the stock as the true scale of the discovery becomes apparent.In summary, Chakana Copper represents a compelling investment opportunity for those seeking exposure to the next major copper-gold-silver discovery in Peru. With a large, prospective land package, high-grade results, and a promising porphyry target, the company is well-positioned to deliver significant value to shareholders in the near term and beyond.—Learn more: https://cruxinvestor.com/companies/chakana-copperSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Important new drill results for NGEx Minerals, Li-FT Power and ATEX Resources today. FPX has mineral processing test work complete. Dakota Gold publishes their maiden resource. Solaris adds to their exploration property. Minera Alamos reported financials. This episode of Mining Stock Daily is brought to you by... Arizona Sonoran Copper Company (ASCU:TSX) is focused on developing its brownfield copper project on private land in Arizona. The Cactus Mine Project is located less than an hour's drive from the Phoenix International airport. Grid power and the Union Pacific Rail line situated at the base of the Cactus Project main road. With permitted water access, a streamlined permitting framework and infrastructure already in place, ASCU's Cactus Mine Project is a lower risk copper development project in the infrastructure-rich heartland of Arizona.For more information, please visit www.arizonasonoran.com. Fireweed Metals is advancing 3 different projects within the Yukon and Northwest Territories, including the flagship Macmillan Pass Project, a large zinc-lead-silver deposit and the Mactung Project, one of the largest and highest-grade tungsten deposits in the world. Fireweed plans to advance these projects through exploration, resource definition, metallurgy, engineering, economic studies and collaboration with indigenous people on the path to production. For more information please visit fireweedmetals.com. Vizsla Silver is focused on becoming one of the world's largest single-asset silver producers through the exploration and development of the 100% owned Panuco-Copala silver-gold district in Sinaloa, Mexico. The company consolidated this historic district in 2019 and has now completed over 325,000 meters of drilling. The company has the world's largest, undeveloped high-grade silver resource. Learn more at https://vizslasilvercorp.com/ Victoria Gold operates the Eagle Gold Mine within the Dublin Gulch Property. Eagle is the largest gold mine in Yukon's long history of gold production. In addition to the long-life Eagle Gold Mine, the Dublin Gulch property has upsized exploration potential including priority targets Raven and Lynx among others. Follow all the gold production and exploration news at vgcx.com.
Claudia Tornquist, President and CEO of Kodiak Copper (TSX.V:KDK - OTCQB:KDKCF - FRA:5DD1) joins me to discuss a new copper porphyry discovery on the MPD Project, in south central BC, and recap the final drill results from the 2023 exploration program. All of this news was reported in the most recent news release from April 25th. We start with an overview of the new porphyry discovery in the 1516 Zone. For a visual of the possible size of the porphyry see Figure 2 from the news release posted below. I ask about grade in the initial discovery hole and the Company's plans to follow up. We also discuss the strategy moving forward balanced between following up at the 1516 Zone, testing other targets across the Project, and even going back to the Gate Zone and growth mineralization there. If you have any follow up questions for Claudia please email me at Fleck@kereport.com. Click here to visit the Kodiak Copper website to read over all the recent news. Figure 2: MPD South plan map showing new 1516 Zone and 2023 holes with assays at 1516, West and South Zones (yellow traces). Bar graphs show downhole copper (green) and gold (red). Background is colour contour historic copper-in soil data.
The copper market is hot this year, as electrification efforts have made copper one of the most in-demand critical minerals. Explorers all over the world are racing to stake out new copper deposits and capitalize on growth opportunities. One of these explorers is NevGold Corp. (TSXV: NAU | OTCQX: NAUFF | FRA: 5E50), which has been exploring its Zeus Copper project in Idaho. The company has recently announced its discovery of positive copper porphyry potential at the Zeus Copper project, fueling excitement about its future.CEO Brandon Bonifacio is here today in an exclusive interview to share the details of this exciting discovery. He breaks down what a copper porphyry is in layman's terms and explains why finding it at Zeus Copper reflects the project's growth potential. Furthermore, Brandon also shares NevGold's next steps in developing the project and highlights the incredible opportunities that await investors who keep a close eye on our company and this project.Learn more about us: https://nev-gold.com/Watch the full YouTube interview here: https://youtu.be/_j0YhJEOaLcAnd follow us to stay updated: https://www.youtube.com/@GlobalOneMedia?sub_confirmation=1
In this episode, Chad Peters from Ridgeline Minerals provides an update on the geophysical work data from the Selena project, indicating potential porphyry targets at depth. The data suggests the presence of a deep buried porphyry system, which could be a significant discovery. The company is considering partnering with a larger company to further explore the project. Additionally, the conversation touches on the earning agreement between Riley Gold and Kinross, highlighting the prospectivity of the Cortez trend in Nevada.
Does Salvation Require Knowledge of Jesus?by Dennis Linscomb How can God be all-loving and all-just in condemning to hell all of the people who, by no fault of their own, happened to be born in a time and place in which they had no contact with the gospel or even any Judeo-Christian influence? If God did not condemn these people to hell but offered them some plan of salvation, what did this offer look like? Does salvation require knowledge of Jesus? A conservative estimate of the number of people who lived on earth from 10,000 BC to 2,000BC is 64 million (the sum of the Lower Summary figures from the US Census Bureau link-see the Works Cited section at the end of this paper for this and all other references). I started with10,000 BC because that is the earliest estimate I could find.The reason I stopped at 2,000 BC isbecause this is roughly the time when Abraham of the Old Testament (OT) lived and marks thebeginning of Yahweh's dealings with the OT Patriarchs. So there were at least 64 million peoplewho lived their entire lives and could not possibly have come into contact with any OT oral orwritten theology.I think you can easily increase this figure of 64 million significantly by adding to it the millions,possibly billions, of people who lived and died after 2,000 BC who never came in contact withany OT or New Testament (NT) oral or written theology.This would include the following groups of people: • those who lived after 2,000 BC but before Jesus lived and who had no contact with OT oralor written theology • those who lived during the time of Jesus but had no contact with OT oral or writtentheology nor any contact with the Palestine region to know about Jesus' teachings • those who lived after Jesus but had no contact with OT or NT oral or written theology Can we as Christians really believe that God ignored these people and condemned them to hell because they lived during the wrong period in history? Porphyry (c. 234-305 AD), a critic of Christianity, recognized this problem when he asked: "If Christ declares himself to be the way of salvation, the grace and the truth, and affirms that in him alone, and only to souls believing in him, is the way of return to God, what has become of men who lived in the many centuries before Christ came? ... What, then, has become of such an innumerable multitude of souls, who were in no wise blameworthy, seeing that he in whom alone saving faith can be exercised had not yet favored men with his advent?" If God "wants all people to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth" (1 Tim. 2:4), then it logically follows that everyone must have some kind of access to salvation.
Graham Downs of Cascadia Minerals talks about his new exploration venture following the sale of ATAC Resources. Cascadia has made a meaningful copper porphyry discovery in Yukon recently and looks to follow up on that discovery this year. Graham talks about the transition fro precious metals to copper exploration in Yukon and what makes this project one of the more unique projects in his career.
Welcome to Occult of Personality: esoteric podcast extraordinaire. I'm Greg Kaminsky. Now, in episode number 225, author P.D. Newman returns to the show after an eight year hiatus to discuss his recent book Theurgy: Theory & Practice—The Mysteries of the Ascent to the Divine, Homeric Epics, the Chaldean Oracles, and Neoplatonic Ritual - https://www.amazon.com/Theurgy-Theory-Practice-Mysteries-Ascent/dp/164411836X/.This interview was a real treat because P.D. Newman gives us a great depth of insight into the history, theory, and methods of theurgy—magic of the gods! There were some technical issues with the recording that I did my best to work around. My apologies for that but I know that the content of the conversation more than makes up for it."P. D. Newman has been immersed in the study and practice of alchemy and theurgy for more than two decades. A member of the Masonic Fraternity, the Society of Rosicrucians, and the Martinist Order, he lectures internationally and has published articles in many esoteric journals, including The Scottish Rite Journal, The Masonic Society Journal, and Invisible College. The author of Alchemically Stoned and Angels in Vermilion, Newman lives in Tupelo, Mississippi."The research Newman did in support of this book is really astounding and quite interesting. His scholarship has really made it clear that theurgy as we understand it did not originate in the second century A.D. but has its roots in beginningless time. Furthermore, the understanding of this activity and its context is laid out beautifully in a way that is both scholarly and valuable for practitioners. For me, what made the book so special was that contemplating the implications of his arguments helped me to see and understand that the way I defined theurgy was limiting and inaccurate, but with Newman's words, I can more fully appreciate what is known as the Western esoteric tradition. I heartily recommend Theurgy: Theory & Practice, just like all of Newman's books."In this detailed study, P. D. Newman pushes the roots of theurgy all the way back to before the time of Homer. He shows how the Chaldean Oracles were not only written in Homeric Greek but also in dactylic hexameter, the same meter as the epics of Homer. Linking the Greek shamanic practices of the late Archaic period with the theurgic rites of late antiquity, the author explains how both anabasis, soul ascent, and katabasis, soul descent, can be considered varieties of shamanic soul flight and how these practices existed in ancient Greek culture prior to the influx of shamanic influence from Thrace and the Hyperborean North. The author explores the many theurgic themes and symbolic events in the Odyssey and the Iliad, including the famous journey of Odysseus to Hades and the incident of the funeral pyre of Patroclus. He presents a close analysis of On the Cave of the Nymphs, Porphyry's commentary on Homer's Odyssey, as well as a detailed look at Proclus's symbolic reading of Homer's Iliad, showing how both of these Neoplatonists describe the philosophical theory and the technical ritual praxis of theurgy. Using the Chaldean Oracles as a case study, Newman examines in detail the methods of telestikē, a form of theurgic statue animation, linking this practice to ancient Egyptian and Greek traditions as well as theurgic techniques to divinize the soul." Occult of Personality podcast is made possible by you, the listeners, and by the subscribers to chamberofreflection.com, our membership website who aids us in the cause of informed, authentic, and accessible interviews about western esotericism. Thank you again! Because of your support, we're able to bring you recordings of this caliber and many more to come.The intro music is “Awakening” by Paul Avgerinos (http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/avgerinos-gnosis?song=3) and the outro music is "Calliopeia - kithara (Ancient Greek)" by Tim Rayborn.In the Chamber of Reflection, P. D. Newman and I continued the conversation spending considerable time discussing statue animation as part of religious ritual and got rather contemplative. This part of the interview was outstanding, so please join us for that exclusive second half. Also remember that we're in the midst of our Meditations on the Tarot Study Circle that is open to all Chamber of Reflection paid members. In March, we're meeting to discuss the Moon, and you should join us! I want to remind you that although you're able to listen to this podcast at no charge, it costs time and money to create. We ask you to support our efforts and the creation of future podcasts by joining the membership section at https://chamberofreflection.com or subscribing via Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/occultofpersonality. As always, if you're already supporting the show or have done so in the past—my heartfelt thanks and I salute you! Greg Kaminsky Linktree – https://www.linktr.ee/brothergregOccult of Personality website – http://occultofpersonality.netChamber of Reflection (Occult of Personality membership section) – https://chamberofreflection.comPatreon – https://www.patreon.com/occultofpersonalityEmail – occultofpersonality@gmail.comYouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OccultofPersonalityTelegram - https://t.me/occultofpersonalityTwitter - https://www.twitter.com/occultofprsnltyInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/occultofprsnlty/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/OccultofPersonalitySupport My Work / Venmo – https://venmo.com/u/Gregory-Kaminsky-5Support My Work / PayPal – https://paypal.me/occultofpersonality
This interview was recorded December 7, 2023. Dr. Randall Hall is professor of music at Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois, as well as a performing saxophonist and composer. He's also writing a book about 'speculative' and 'weird' music as it relates to the Sacred and ritual experiences. In this special Spotlight interview, Randall shares his process of creating music that attempts to re-create a modern theurgic repertoire. (Theurgy is the practice that refers to the ascent of one's soul to the divine.) In the first part of our interview, Randall talks about his first 'encounter' with the concept of 'the harmony of the spheres' and his search to find it, and then explains the concepts of 'speculative' music that reach back to the Pythagorian-Platonic tradition. He also briefly traces a history of the development of musical ideas about consonance and dissonance, and how musical theory has changed with regard to the idea of 'Divine' music. Speaking about 'weird' music, Randall shares how the Divine is not always 'beautiful' but oftentimes terrifying to behold. Following the writings of Porphyry, when one sees or experiences something 'weird,' this is our indicator that we should pay attention to it, and that it signifies an opportunity for higher learning. Esotericism became the key for Randall to begin digging into these strange mysteries. He discusses his ideas about how music and esotericism are intertwined, and yet how there's not much discussion about musical practice in conjunction with ritual. Randall is trying to create a hermeneutical crisis in the listener, through set and setting, to allow the imagination to 'kick in' and allow the 'weird' to speak. There's much more that Randall shares in this interview that can't be summarized here! Clips used in this video, from the album Oracle, Voces Mysticae and Mithras Liturgy, are used with kind permission from Dr. Randall Hall. PROGRAM NOTESRandall Hall - HomeMusic | Randall Hall (bandcamp.com)Randall Hall | SpotifyFacebookTheme music: Stephanie Shea
Friday after Ash Wednesday Saint of the Day: St. Daniel; lived in the Third and Fourth Centuries; he and four companions, Elias, Isaias, Jeremy and Samuel were Egyptians who visited Christians condemned to work in the mines of Cilicia during Maximus' persecution; they were arrested at the gates of Caesaria, Palestine, accused of being Christians, and beheaded; Porphyry, a servant of St. Pamphilus demanded that the bodies be buried, and he was tortured and then burned to death when it was found he was a Christian; Seleucus witnessed his death and applauded his constancy in the face of his terrible death; whereupon he was arrested and beheaded; St. Daniel and his companions died in 309 A.D. Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 2/16/24 Gospel: Mark 9:14-15
In this episode of the Ultraculture podcast, Jason Louv is joined by P. D. Newman, an expert in the fields of alchemy, Hermeticism, and theurgy, with over two decades of immersion in these esoteric traditions. Newman shares insights from his latest work, a profound exploration into the ancient practice of theurgy, tracing its origins beyond the commonly acknowledged timeframe back to the era of Homer. He highlights how theurgy, a magical practice aimed at divinizing the soul for mystical union with the divine, shares roots with shamanic soul flight practices and was articulated in the epic meter of Homeric Greek. Newman delves into the theurgic themes present in the Odyssey and the Iliad, such as Odysseus's journey to Hades and the funeral pyre of Patroclus, showcasing the interconnectedness of Greek shamanic practices and theurgical rites. He also discusses the significant contributions of Neoplatonists like Porphyry and Proclus, who described theurgy using Homeric terms and linked it to broader philosophical and ritual contexts. Through a detailed analysis of telestikē, the theurgic technique of statue animation, and the divinization of the soul, Newman illustrates the ancient and complex nature of these practices, connecting them to Egyptian and Greek traditions. His study not only sheds light on the philosophical underpinnings of theurgy but also provides a rare glimpse into the actual ritual practices of ancient theurgists. This is an EXCELLENT and very unexpected show that goes on some very, very, very interesting tangents. You're going to love it. Show Notes P. D. Newman: Theurgy: Theory and Practice Magick.Me's latest longform YouTube: Top Three Tricks Every Magick Practitioner MUST Know. Like and subscribe, we want to release YouTubes as often as podcasts! Magick.Me
Sean Finnegan and I talk about the Kingdom of God. We mention Justin Martyr, Clement of Rome, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Plato, Plato, Plato, Plotinus, Porphyry, Irenaeus of Lyon, Cerinthus, St. Anthony of the Desert, Tertullian, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and many more. Sean's book: https://www.amazon.com/Kingdom-Journe... Restitutio Podcast: https://restitutio.org/get-podcast/ Living Hope International: https://lhim.org/
Interview with Dustin Perry, CEO of Kingfisher Metals Corp.Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/kingfisher-metals-tsxvkfr-3-million-raise-for-high-grade-gold-drilling-3387Recording date: 31st January 2024Full District Unlocked: Kingfisher Metals Closing in on Golden Triangle's Next Big DiscoveryKingfisher Metals are consolidating an entire porphyry copper-gold district on their Hank project in northwest BC's famous Golden Triangle.Previous operators left behind a treasure trove of wide, high-grade drill hole intercepts across multiple zones like 20m at 12 g/t gold. Last year, Kingfisher began unlocking the deeper potential.Drilling under cover, Kingfisher hit 438m at 0.43 g/t gold equivalent, proving a massive porphyry system underlies the Mary target. And assays along strike suggest further expansion potential.Already 331 sq km in size, pending permits will unlock even more prospective ground. 2023 drilling will systematically test the best targets - both existing high-grade epithermal veins and the newest large-scale porphyry discovery.Institutions like Commodity Capital (17%) and key individual investors (25%) control half the tight share structure. Their backing reduces financing risk and share dilution.Key geologists with direct experience at nearby mega-projects like Seabridge's KSM improve the odds of exploration success.Discovering just 1-2 million gold equivalent ounces could support a valuation 10x or higher than today's modest $10M market capitalization.While not without risks, Kingfisher offers savvy resource investors world-class porphyry district-scale upside potential. Their experienced team and supportive long-term institutional backing make drilling success in 2024 a very realistic possibility._View Kingfisher Metals company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/kingfisher-metalsSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com
Shawn Khunkhun of Dolly Varden Silver provides his editorial comments on a couple recent developments out of the company. First we discuss the 2023 drilling work which the company continues to show results from. The market awaits even more drill assays from the campaign in the coming weeks. While the company aways those results, they also moved to consolidate the Big Bulk Copper-Gold Poprphyry Property to the southeast of Dolly Varden. Shawn talks about the optionality in this property and what he hopes to do with it this year.
Nghe trọn sách nói Những Nhà Tư Tưởng Lớn - Plato Trong 60 Phút trên ứng dụng Fonos: https://fonos.link/PodcastFonos--Về Fonos:Fonos là Ứng dụng âm thanh số - Với hơn 13.000 nội dung gồm Sách nói có bản quyền, Podcast, Ebook, Tóm tắt sách, Thiền định, Truyện ngủ, Nhạc chủ đề, Truyện thiếu nhi. Bạn có thể nghe miễn phí chương 1 của tất cả sách nói trên Fonos. Tải app để trải nghiệm ngay!--Platon, hay còn được Anh hóa là Plato, phiên âm tiếng Việt là Pla-tông (428/427 hay 424/423 - 348/347 TCN) là nhà triết học người Athen trong thời kỳ Cổ điển ở Hy Lạp cổ đại, người sáng lập trường phái tư tưởng Platon, và Học viện, cơ sở giáo dục đại học đầu tiên ở thế giới phương Tây.Ông được coi là nhân vật quan trọng trong lịch sử triết học phương Tây và Hy Lạp cổ đại, cùng với người thầy của ông, Socrates, và học trò nổi tiếng nhất của ông, Aristotle. Plato cũng thường được coi là một trong những người sáng lập ra tôn giáo và tâm linh phương Tây. Những cái gọi là chủ nghĩa Tân Platon của nhà triết học như Plotinus và Porphyry ảnh hưởng rất lớn đến Kitô giáo qua các Giáo Phụ như Augustine. Alfred North Whitehead từng lưu ý: "đặc điểm chung an toàn nhất của truyền thống triết học Châu Âu là nó bao gồm một loạt các chú thích của Plato."Sách nói Những Nhà Tư Tưởng Lớn - Plato Trong 60 Phút sẽ cung cấp cho bạn những thông tin ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu nhất về Plato cùng tư tưởng triết học của ông.--Tìm hiểu thêm về Fonos: https://fonos.vn/Theo dõi Facebook Fonos: https://www.facebook.com/fonosvietnam/
Türkiye forms an integral part of the Tethyan Belt, extending from the Balkans in the west to Iran in the east. The complexity of the geology in Turkish Tethyan Bet also offers diverse mineralization styles and is still considered underexplored compared to other countries. We talked to our guests with diverse backgrounds to understand the exploration potential and recent successes across the regions.Our first guest is İlkay Kuşçu, Exploration Projects Consultant with SSR Mining, who has over three decades of experience on the Turkish Tethyan Bel. He provides a valuable overview of the belt and exploration history of the country.Then, we talked to Firuz Alizade, Head of Global Exploration with Lidya Mining. In 2015, he led the team in discovering a high-grade Au-Cu Hod Maden deposit and was also the recipient of 2020 PDAC's Thayer Lindsley award. He shared Hod Maden's exploration story.The third guest, Ali İmer, is an assistant professor of Economic Geology at METU Turkey. His primary focus has been on the Porphyry-Epithermal System in Eastern Anatolia, sharing the tectonomagmatic evolution of the region with a comparison to Iran.Our last guests are Elif Tekin, Business Development Manager with ESAN and past-chair WIM Turkey, and Bader Bilgin, Exploration Geologist with SSR Mining. Elif Tekin informs us about WIM's activities and future goals in Turkey. She also remarks on the importance of resourcing geologists. Then, Bader Bilgin tells us why an early career geologist would need a mentor and how SEG and WIM mentorship benefited her.Our music is Confluence by Eastwinds.
Three completely different types of ore deposits demand 'fit for purpose' mining methods. We consider the move in the last 20 years to ‘super' block caving, unlocking massive deep resources, then change scale and examine an innovative new technology that enables ‘surgical mining'. Lastly, changing the mining method for Cobre's project in the Kalahari Copper Belt, Botswana, to in-situ leach may unlock new potential for the region.We start with a look at block caving to consider the benefits and challenges of working in large deposits at greater and greater depths. We talked to Katrina Crook a mining engineer, currently with Glencore where she is Lead - Governance & Integration, Value Realisation. Her diverse experience provides provides a great overview of how the method works, the importance of geological knowledge and expertise and the challenges that need to be overcome. Epiroc Youtube Video - Block Caving In our next story we consider a completely different mining challenge and change the scale of the target. Allan Cramm is the VP Innovation for Novamera – a technology company with a new approach to mining, finding ways to unlock value in high grade narrow zones by using ‘surgical mining.' They are employing a large diameter drill in conjunction with an innovative sensor technology and software to mine a range of targets that previously would have been stranded.Novamera - Surgical Mining VideoLastly - what do you do when you the high grade, underground mining target eludes you, but what you discover is too deep for an open pit? In the case of Cobre, an Australian listed company, they recognized an opportunity for an in-situ copper recovery operation. We talked to their CEO, Adam Wooldridge to find out the story behind the discovery and their plans going forward. In-Situ Recovery - Sinclair and Thompson, 2015
Simon Dyakowski, President and CEO of Aztec Minerals (TSX.V:AZT - OTCQB:AZZTF) ("Aztec" or the "Company") joins me to provide an overview of the 1,650 meter, 11 hole drill program that just started at the Cervantes Project in Mexico. To date the Company has completed 7 holes totaling just under 1,000 meters. We focus on the primary California gold zone target where the Company is drilling to expand gold mineralization to the north, west and south. I have Simon discuss the step out distance of the drill holes and where the remaining holes will be drilled. This includes a discussion on the California Norte target and if the Company will be drilling between this and the primary California targets. See the map below to view where the current holes are located. Please email me with any follow up questions for Simon. My email address is Fleck@kereport.com. Click here to read through the recent news from Aztec Minerals. View Figure 1: Cervantes California Target Expansion RC Drilling Program Discloser - Cory is a shareholder of Aztec Minerals.
Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts Let's face it the New Testament probably calls Jesus God (or god) a couple of times and so do early Christian authors in the second century. However, no one offers much of an explanation for what they mean by the title. Did early Christians think Jesus was God because he represented Yahweh? Did they think he was God because he shared the same eternal being as the Father? Did they think he was a god because that's just what they would call any immortalized human who lived in heaven? In this presentation I focus on the question from the perspective of Greco-Roman theology. Drawing on the work of David Litwa, Andrew Perriman, Barry Blackburn, and tons of ancient sources I seek to show how Mediterranean converts to Christianity would have perceived Jesus based on their cultural and religious assumptions. This presentation is from the 3rd Unitarian Christian Alliance Conference on October 20, 2023 in Springfield, OH. Here is the original pdf of this paper. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5Z3QbQ7dHc —— Links —— See more scholarly articles by Sean Finnegan Get the transcript of this episode Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan? Read his bio here Introduction When early Christian authors called Jesus “god” (or “God”) what did they mean?[1] Modern apologists routinely point to pre-Nicene quotations in order to prove that early Christians always believed in the deity of Christ, by which they mean that he is of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father. However, most historians agree that Christians before the fourth century simply didn't have the cognitive categories available yet to think of Christ in Nicene or Chalcedonian ways. If this consensus is correct, it behooves us to consider other options for defining what early Christian authors meant. The obvious place to go to get an answer to our initial question is the New Testament. However, as is well known, the handful of instances in which authors unambiguously applied god (θεός) to Christ are fraught with textual uncertainty, grammatical ambiguity, and hermeneutical elasticity.[2] What's more, granting that these contested texts[3] all call Jesus “god” provides little insight into what they might mean by that phrase. Turning to the second century, the earliest handful of texts that say Jesus is god are likewise textually uncertain or terse.[4] We must wait until the second half of the second century and beyond to have more helpful material to examine. We know that in the meanwhile some Christians were saying Jesus was god. What did they mean? One promising approach is to analyze biblical texts that call others gods. We find helpful parallels with the word god (אֱלֹהִים) applied to Moses (Exod 7.1; 4.16), judges (Exod 21.6; 22.8-9), kings (Is 9.6; Ps 45.6), the divine council (Ps 82.1, 6), and angels (Ps 8.6). These are texts in which God imbues his agents with his authority to represent him in some way. This rare though significant way of calling a representative “god,” continues in the NT with Jesus' clever defense to his accusers in John 10.34-36. Lexicons[5] have long recognized this “Hebraistic” usage and recent study tools such as the New English Translation (NET)[6] and the Zondervan Illustrated Bible Background Commentary[7] also note this phenomenon. But, even if this agency perspective is the most natural reading of texts like Heb 1.8, later Christians, apart from one or two exceptions appear to be ignorant of this usage.[8] This interpretation was likely a casualty of the so-called parting of the ways whereby Christianity transitioned from a second-temple-Jewish movement to a Gentile-majority religion. As such, to grasp what early postapostolic Christians believed, we must turn our attention elsewhere. Michael Bird is right when he says, “Christian discourses about deity belong incontrovertibly in the Greco-Roman context because it provided the cultural encyclopedia that, in diverse ways, shaped the early church's Christological conceptuality and vocabulary.”[9] Learning Greco-Roman theology is not only important because that was the context in which early Christians wrote, but also because from the late first century onward, most of our Christian authors converted from that worldview. Rather than talking about the Hellenization of Christianity, we should begin by asking how Hellenists experienced Christianization. In other words, Greco-Roman beliefs about the gods were the default lens through which converts first saw Christ. In order to explore how Greco-Roman theology shaped what people believed about Jesus as god, we do well to begin by asking how they defined a god. Andrew Perriman offers a helpful starting point. “The gods,” he writes, “are mostly understood as corporeal beings, blessed with immortality, larger, more beautiful, and more powerful than their mortal analogues.”[10] Furthermore, there were lots of them! The sublunar realm was, in the words of Paula Fredriksen, “a god-congested place.”[11] What's more, “[S]harp lines and clearly demarcated boundaries between divinity and humanity were lacking."[12] Gods could appear as people and people could ascend to become gods. Comprehending what Greco-Roman people believed about gods coming down and humans going up will occupy the first part of this paper. Only once we've adjusted our thinking to their culture, will we walk through key moments in the life of Jesus of Nazareth to hear the story with ancient Mediterranean ears. Lastly, we'll consider the evidence from sources that think of Jesus in Greco-Roman categories. Bringing this all together we'll enumerate the primary ways to interpret the phrase “Jesus is god” available to Christians in the pre-Nicene period. Gods Coming Down and Humans Going Up The idea that a god would visit someone is not as unusual as it first sounds. We find plenty of examples of Yahweh himself or non-human representatives visiting people in the Hebrew Bible.[13] One psalmist even referred to angels or “heavenly beings” (ESV) as אֱלֹהִים (gods).[14] The Greco-Roman world too told stories about divine entities coming down to interact with people. Euripides tells about the time Zeus forced the god Apollo to become a human servant in the house of Admetus, performing menial labor as punishment for killing the Cyclopes (Alcestis 1). Baucis and Philemon offered hospitality to Jupiter and Mercury when they appeared in human form (Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.26-34). In Homer's Odyssey onlookers warn Antinous for flinging a stool against a stranger since “the gods do take on the look of strangers dropping in from abroad”[15] (17.534-9). Because they believed the boundary between the divine realm and the Earth was so permeable, Mediterranean people were always on guard for an encounter with a god in disguise. In addition to gods coming down, in special circumstances, humans could ascend and become gods too. Diodorus of Sicily demarcated two types of gods: those who are “eternal and imperishable, such as the sun and the moon” and “the other gods…terrestrial beings who attained to immortal honour”[16] (The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian 6.1). By some accounts, even the Olympian gods, including Kronos and Uranus were once mortal men.[17] Among humans who could become divine, we find several distinguishable categories, including heroes, miracle workers, and rulers. We'll look at each briefly before considering how the story of Jesus would resonate with those holding a Greco-Roman worldview. Deified Heroes Cornutus the Stoic said, “[T]he ancients called heroes those who were so strong in body and soul that they seemed to be part of a divine race.” (Greek Theology 31)[18] At first this statement appears to be a mere simile, but he goes on to say of Heracles (Hercules), the Greek hero par excellence, “his services had earned him apotheosis” (ibid.). Apotheosis (or deification) is the process by which a human ascends into the divine realm. Beyond Heracles and his feats of strength, other exceptional individuals became deified for various reasons. Amphiarus was a seer who died in the battle at Thebes. After opening a chasm in the earth to swallow him in battle, “Zeus made him immortal”[19] (Apollodorus, Library of Greek Mythology 3.6). Pausanias says the custom of the inhabitants of Oropos was to drop coins into Amphiarus' spring “because this is where they say Amphiarus rose up as a god”[20] (Guide to Greece 1.34). Likewise, Strabo speaks about a shrine for Calchas, a deceased diviner from the Trojan war (Homer, Illiad 1.79-84), “where those consulting the oracle sacrifice a black ram to the dead and sleep in its hide”[21] (Strabo, Geography 6.3.9). Though the great majority of the dead were locked away in the lower world of Hades, leading a shadowy pitiful existence, the exceptional few could visit or speak from beyond the grave. Lastly, there was Zoroaster the Persian prophet who, according to Dio Chrysostom, was enveloped by fire while he meditated upon a mountain. He was unharmed and gave advice on how to properly make offerings to the gods (Dio Chrysostom, Discourses 36.40). The Psuedo-Clementine Homilies include a story about a lightning bolt striking and killing Zoroaster. After his devotees buried his body, they built a temple on the site, thinking that “his soul had been sent for by lightning” and they “worshipped him as a god”[22] (Homily 9.5.2). Thus, a hero could have extraordinary strength, foresight, or closeness to the gods resulting in apotheosis and ongoing worship and communication. Deified Miracle Workers Beyond heroes, Greco-Roman people loved to tell stories about deified miracle workers. Twice Orpheus rescued a ship from a storm by praying to the gods (Diodorus of Sicily 4.43.1f; 48.5f). After his death, surviving inscriptions indicate that he both received worship and was regarded as a god in several cities.[23] Epimenides “fell asleep in a cave for fifty-seven years”[24] (Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers 1.109). He also predicted a ten-year period of reprieve from Persian attack in Athens (Plato Laws 1.642D-E). Plato called him a divine man (θεῖος ἀνήρ) (ibid.) and Diogenes talked of Cretans sacrificing to him as a god (Diogenes, Lives 1.114). Iamblichus said Pythagoras was the son of Apollo and a mortal woman (Life of Pythagoras 2). Nonetheless, the soul of Pythagoras enjoyed multiple lives, having originally been “sent to mankind from the empire of Apollo”[25] (Life 2). Diogenes and Lucian enumerate the lives the pre-existent Pythagoras led, including Aethalides, Euphorbus, Hermotimus, and Pyrrhus (Diogenes, Life of Pythagoras 4; Lucian, The Cock 16-20). Hermes had granted Pythagoras the gift of “perpetual transmigration of his soul”[26] so he could remember his lives while living or dead (Diogenes, Life 4). Ancient sources are replete with Pythagorean miracle stories.[27] Porphyry mentions several, including taming a bear, persuading an ox to stop eating beans, and accurately predicting a catch of fish (Life of Pythagoras 23-25). Porphyry said Pythagoras accurately predicted earthquakes and “chased away a pestilence, suppressed violent winds and hail, [and] calmed storms on rivers and on seas” (Life 29).[28] Such miracles, argued the Pythagoreans made Pythagoras “a being superior to man, and not to a mere man” (Iamblichus, Life 28).[29] Iamblichus lays out the views of Pythagoras' followers, including that he was a god, a philanthropic daemon, the Pythian, the Hyperborean Apollo, a Paeon, a daemon inhabiting the moon, or an Olympian god (Life 6). Another pre-Socratic philosopher was Empedocles who studied under Pythagoras. To him sources attribute several miracles, including stopping a damaging wind, restoring the wind, bringing dry weather, causing it to rain, and even bringing someone back from Hades (Diogenes, Lives 8.59).[30] Diogenes records an incident in which Empedocles put a woman into a trance for thirty days before sending her away alive (8.61). He also includes a poem in which Empedocles says, “I am a deathless god, no longer mortal, I go among you honored by all, as is right”[31] (8.62). Asclepius was a son of the god Apollo and a human woman (Cornutus, Greek Theology 33). He was known for healing people from diseases and injuries (Pindar, Pythian 3.47-50). “[H]e invented any medicine he wished for the sick, and raised up the dead”[32] (Pausanias, Guide to Greece 2.26.4). However, as Diodorus relates, Hades complained to Zeus on account of Asclepius' diminishing his realm, which resulted in Zeus zapping Asclepius with a thunderbolt, killing him (4.71.2-3). Nevertheless, Asclepius later ascended into heaven to become a god (Hyginus, Fables 224; Cicero, Nature of the Gods 2.62).[33] Apollonius of Tyana was a famous first century miracle worker. According to Philostratus' account, the locals of Tyana regard Apollonius to be the son of Zeus (Life 1.6). Apollonius predicted many events, interpreted dreams, and knew private facts about people. He rebuked and ridiculed a demon, causing it to flee, shrieking as it went (Life 2.4).[34] He even once stopped a funeral procession and raised the deceased to life (Life 4.45). What's more he knew every human language (Life 1.19) and could understand what sparrows chirped to each other (Life 4.3). Once he instantaneously transported himself from Smyrna to Ephesus (Life 4.10). He claimed knowledge of his previous incarnation as the captain of an Egyptian ship (Life 3.23) and, in the end, Apollonius entered the temple of Athena and vanished, ascending from earth into heaven to the sound of a choir singing (Life 8.30). We have plenty of literary evidence that contemporaries and those who lived later regarded him as a divine man (Letters 48.3)[35] or godlike (ἰσόθεος) (Letters 44.1) or even just a god (θεός) (Life 5.24). Deified Rulers Our last category of deified humans to consider before seeing how this all relates to Jesus is rulers. Egyptians, as indicated from the hieroglyphs left in the pyramids, believed their deceased kings to enjoy afterlives as gods. They could become star gods or even hunt and consume other gods to absorb their powers.[36] The famous Macedonian conqueror, Alexander the Great, carried himself as a god towards the Persians though Plutarch opines, “[he] was not at all vain or deluded but rather used belief in his divinity to enslave others”[37] (Life of Alexander 28). This worship continued after his death, especially in Alexandria where Ptolemy built a tomb and established a priesthood to conduct religious honors to the deified ruler. Even the emperor Trajan offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Alexander (Cassius Dio, Roman History 68.30). Another interesting example is Antiochus I of Comagene who called himself “Antiochus the just [and] manifest god, friend of the Romans [and] friend of the Greeks.”[38] His tomb boasted four colossal figures seated on thrones: Zeus, Heracles, Apollo, and himself. The message was clear: Antiochus I wanted his subjects to recognize his place among the gods after death. Of course, the most relevant rulers for the Christian era were the Roman emperors. The first official Roman emperor Augustus deified his predecessor, Julius Caesar, celebrating his apotheosis with games (Suetonius, Life of Julius Caesar 88). Only five years after Augustus died, eastern inhabitants of the Roman Empire at Priene happily declared “the birthday of the god Augustus” (ἡ γενέθλιος ἡμέρα τοῦ θεοῦ)[39] to be the start of their provincial year. By the time of Tacitus, a century after Augustus died, the wealthy in Rome had statues of the first emperor in their gardens for worship (Annals 1.73). The Roman historian Appian explained that the Romans regularly deify emperors at death “provided he has not been a despot or a disgrace”[40] (The Civil Wars 2.148). In other words, deification was the default setting for deceased emperors. Pliny the Younger lays it on pretty thick when he describes the process. He says Nero deified Claudius to expose him; Titus deified Vespasian and Domitian so he could be the son and brother of gods. However, Trajan deified Nerva because he genuinely believed him to be more than a human (Panegyric 11). In our little survey, we've seen three main categories of deified humans: heroes, miracle workers, and good rulers. These “conceptions of deity,” writes David Litwa, “were part of the “preunderstanding” of Hellenistic culture.”[41] He continues: If actual cases of deification were rare, traditions of deification were not. They were the stuff of heroic epic, lyric song, ancient mythology, cultic hymns, Hellenistic novels, and popular plays all over the first-century Mediterranean world. Such discourses were part of mainstream, urban culture to which most early Christians belonged. If Christians were socialized in predominantly Greco-Roman environments, it is no surprise that they employed and adapted common traits of deities and deified men to exalt their lord to divine status.[42] Now that we've attuned our thinking to Mediterranean sensibilities about gods coming down in the shape of humans and humans experiencing apotheosis to permanently dwell as gods in the divine realm, our ears are attuned to hear the story of Jesus with Greco-Roman ears. Hearing the Story of Jesus with Greco-Roman Ears How would second or third century inhabitants of the Roman empire have categorized Jesus? Taking my cue from Litwa's treatment in Iesus Deus, I'll briefly work through Jesus' conception, transfiguration, miracles, resurrection, and ascension. Miraculous Conception Although set within the context of Jewish messianism, Christ's miraculous birth would have resonated differently with Greco-Roman people. Stories of gods coming down and having intercourse with women are common in classical literature. That these stories made sense of why certain individuals were so exceptional is obvious. For example, Origen related a story about Apollo impregnating Amphictione who then gave birth to Plato (Against Celsus 1.37). Though Mary's conception did not come about through intercourse with a divine visitor, the fact that Jesus had no human father would call to mind divine sonship like Pythagoras or Asclepius. Celsus pointed out that the ancients “attributed a divine origin to Perseus, and Amphion, and Aeacus, and Minos” (Origen, Against Celsus 1.67). Philostratus records a story of the Egyptian god Proteus saying to Apollonius' mother that she would give birth to himself (Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1.4). Since people were primed to connect miraculous origins with divinity, typical hearers of the birth narratives of Matthew or Luke would likely think that this baby might be either be a descended god or a man destined to ascend to become a god. Miracles and Healing As we've seen, Jesus' miracles would not have sounded unbelievable or even unprecedent to Mediterranean people. Like Jesus, Orpheus and Empedocles calmed storms, rescuing ships. Though Jesus provided miraculous guidance on how to catch fish, Pythagoras foretold the number of fish in a great catch. After the fishermen painstakingly counted them all, they were astounded that when they threw them back in, they were still alive (Porphyry, Life 23-25). Jesus' ability to foretell the future, know people's thoughts, and cast out demons all find parallels in Apollonius of Tyana. As for resurrecting the dead, we have the stories of Empedocles, Asclepius, and Apollonius. The last of which even stopped a funeral procession to raise the dead, calling to mind Jesus' deeds in Luke 7.11-17. When Lycaonians witnessed Paul's healing of a man crippled from birth, they cried out, “The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men” (Acts 14.11). Another time when no harm befell Paul after a poisonous snake bit him on Malta, Gentile onlookers concluded “he was a god” (Acts 28.6). Barry Blackburn makes the following observation: [I]n view of the tendency, most clearly seen in the Epimenidean, Pythagorean, and Apollonian traditions, to correlate impressive miracle-working with divine status, one may justifiably conclude that the evangelical miracle traditions would have helped numerous gentile Christians to arrive at and maintain belief in Jesus' divine status.[43] Transfiguration Ancient Mediterranean inhabitants believed that the gods occasionally came down disguised as people. Only when gods revealed their inner brilliant natures could people know that they weren't mere humans. After his ship grounded on the sands of Krisa, Apollo leaped from the ship emitting flashes of fire “like a star in the middle of day…his radiance shot to heaven”[44] (Homeric Hymns, Hymn to Apollo 440). Likewise, Aphrodite appeared in shining garments, brighter than a fire and shimmering like the moon (Hymn to Aphrodite 85-89). When Demeter appeared to Metaneira, she initially looked like an old woman, but she transformed herself before her. “Casting old age away…a delightful perfume spread…a radiance shone out far from the goddess' immortal flesh…and the solid-made house was filled with a light like the lightning-flash”[45] (Hymn to Demeter 275-280). Homer wrote about Odysseus' transformation at the golden wand of Athena in which his clothes became clean, he became taller, and his skin looked younger. His son, Telemachus cried out, “Surely you are some god who rules the vaulting skies”[46] (Odyssey 16.206). Each time the observers conclude the transfigured person is a god. Resurrection & Ascension In defending the resurrection of Jesus, Theophilus of Antioch said, “[Y]ou believe that Hercules, who burned himself, lives; and that Aesculapius [Asclepius], who was struck with lightning, was raised”[47] (Autolycus 1.13). Although Hercules' physical body burnt, his transformed pneumatic body continued on as the poet Callimachus said, “under a Phrygian oak his limbs had been deified”[48] (Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis 159). Others thought Hercules ascended to heaven in his burnt body, which Asclepius subsequently healed (Lucian, Dialogue of the Gods 13). After his ascent, Diodorus relates how the people first sacrificed to him “as to a hero” then in Athens they began to honor him “with sacrifices like as to a god”[49] (The Historical Library 4.39). As for Asclepius, his ascension resulted in his deification as Cyprian said, “Aesculapius is struck by lightning, that he may rise into a god”[50] (On the Vanity of Idols 2). Romulus too “was torn to pieces by the hands of a hundred senators”[51] and after death ascended into heaven and received worship (Arnobius, Against the Heathen 1.41). Livy tells of how Romulus was “carried up on high by a whirlwind” and that immediately afterward “every man present hailed him as a god and son of a god”[52] (The Early History of Rome 1.16). As we can see from these three cases—Hercules, Asclepius, and Romulus—ascent into heaven was a common way of talking about deification. For Cicero, this was an obvious fact. People “who conferred outstanding benefits were translated to heaven through their fame and our gratitude”[53] (Nature 2.62). Consequently, Jesus' own resurrection and ascension would have triggered Gentiles to intuit his divinity. Commenting on the appearance of the immortalized Christ to the eleven in Galilee, Wendy Cotter said, “It is fair to say that the scene found in [Mat] 28:16-20 would be understood by a Greco-Roman audience, Jew or Gentile, as an apotheosis of Jesus.”[54] Although I beg to differ with Cotter's whole cloth inclusion of Jews here, it's hard to see how else non-Jews would have regarded the risen Christ. Litwa adds Rev 1.13-16 “[W]here he [Jesus] appears with all the accoutrements of the divine: a shining face, an overwhelming voice, luminescent clothing, and so on.”[55] In this brief survey we've seen that several key events in the story of Jesus told in the Gospels would have caused Greco-Roman hearers to intuit deity, including his divine conception, miracles, healing ministry, transfiguration, resurrection, and ascension. In their original context of second temple Judaism, these very same incidents would have resonated quite differently. His divine conception authenticated Jesus as the second Adam (Luke 3.38; Rom 5.14; 1 Cor 15.45) and God's Davidic son (2 Sam 7.14; Ps 2.7; Lk 1.32, 35). If Matthew or Luke wanted readers to understand that Jesus was divine based on his conception and birth, they failed to make such intentions explicit in the text. Rather, the birth narratives appear to have a much more modest aim—to persuade readers that Jesus had a credible claim to be Israel's messiah. His miracles show that “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power…for God was with him” (Acts 10.38; cf. Jn 3.2; 10.32, 38). Rather than concluding Jesus to be a god, Jewish witnesses to his healing of a paralyzed man “glorified God, who had given such authority to men” (Mat 9.8). Over and over, especially in the Gospel of John, Jesus directs people's attention to his Father who was doing the works in and through him (Jn 5.19, 30; 8.28; 12.49; 14.10). Seeing Jesus raise someone from the dead suggested to his original Jewish audience that “a great prophet has arisen among us” (Lk 7.16). The transfiguration, in its original setting, is an eschatological vision not a divine epiphany. Placement in the synoptic Gospels just after Jesus' promise that some there would not die before seeing the kingdom come sets the hermeneutical frame. “The transfiguration,” says William Lane, “was a momentary, but real (and witnessed) manifestation of Jesus' sovereign power which pointed beyond itself to the Parousia, when he will come ‘with power and glory.'”[56] If eschatology is the foreground, the background for the transfiguration was Moses' ascent of Sinai when he also encountered God and became radiant.[57] Viewed from the lenses of Moses' ascent and the eschaton, the transfiguration of Jesus is about his identity as God's definitive chosen ruler, not about any kind of innate divinity. Lastly, the resurrection and ascension validated Jesus' messianic claims to be the ruler of the age to come (Acts 17.31; Rom 1.4). Rather than concluding Jesus was deity, early Jewish Christians concluded these events showed that “God has made him both Lord and Christ” (Acts 2.36). The interpretative backgrounds for Jesus' ascension were not stories about Heracles, Asclepius, or Romulus. No, the key oracle that framed the Israelite understanding was the messianic psalm in which Yahweh told David's Lord to “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool” (Psalm 110.1). The idea is of a temporary sojourn in heaven until exercising the authority of his scepter to rule over earth from Zion. Once again, the biblical texts remain completely silent about deification. But even if the original meanings of Jesus' birth, ministry, transfiguration, resurrection, and ascension have messianic overtones when interpreted within the Jewish milieu, these same stories began to communicate various ideas of deity to Gentile converts in the generations that followed. We find little snippets from historical sources beginning in the second century and growing with time. Evidence of Belief in Jesus' as a Greco-Roman Deity To begin with, we have two non-Christian instances where Romans regarded Jesus as a deity within typical Greco-Roman categories. The first comes to us from Tertullian and Eusebius who mention an intriguing story about Tiberius' request to the Roman senate to deify Christ. Convinced by “intelligence from Palestine of events which had clearly shown the truth of Christ's divinity”[58] Tiberius proposed the matter to the senate (Apology 5). Eusebius adds that Tiberius learned that “many believed him to be a god in rising from the dead”[59] (Church History 2.2). As expected, the senate rejected the proposal. I mention this story, not because I can establish its historicity, but because it portrays how Tiberius would have thought about Jesus if he had heard about his miracles and resurrection. Another important incident is from one of the governor Pliny the Younger's letters to the emperor Trajan. Having investigated some people accused of Christianity, he found “they had met regularly before dawn on a fixed day to chant verses alternately amongst themselves in honour of Christ as if to a god”[60] (Letter 96). To an outside imperial observer like Pliny, the Christians believed in a man who had performed miracles, defeated death, and now lived in heaven. Calling him a god was just the natural way of talking about such a person. Pliny would not have thought Jesus was superior to the deified Roman emperors much less Zeus or the Olympic gods. If he believed in Jesus at all, he would have regarded him as another Mediterranean prophet who escaped Hades to enjoy apotheosis. Another interesting text to consider is the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. This apocryphal text tells the story of Jesus' childhood between the ages of five and twelve. Jesus is impetuous, powerful, and brilliant. Unsure to conclude that Jesus was “either god or angel,”[61] his teacher remands him to Joseph's custody (7). Later, a crowd of onlookers ponders whether the child is a god or a heavenly messenger after he raises an infant from the dead (17). A year later Jesus raised a construction man who had fallen to his death back to life (18). Once again, the crowd asked if the child was from heaven. Although some historians are quick to assume the lofty conceptions of Justin and his successors about the logos were commonplace in the early Christianity, Litwa points out, “The spell of the Logos could only bewitch a very small circle of Christian elites… In IGT, we find a Jesus who is divine according to different canons, the canons of popular Mediterranean theology.”[62] Another important though often overlooked scholarly group of Christians in the second century was led by a certain Theodotus of Byzantium.[63] Typically referred to by their heresiological label “Theodotians,” these dynamic monarchians lived in Rome and claimed that they held to the original Christology before it had been corrupted under Bishop Zephyrinus (Eusebius, Church History 5.28). Theodotus believed in the virgin birth, but not in his pre-existence or that he was god/God (Pseudo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies 7.35.1-2; 10.23.1-2). He thought that Jesus was not able to perform any miracles until his baptism when he received the Christ/Spirit. Pseudo-Hippolytus goes on to say, “But they do not want him to have become a god when the Spirit descended. Others say that he became a god after he rose from the dead.”[64] This last tantalizing remark implies that the Theodotians could affirm Jesus as a god after his resurrection though they denied his pre-existence. Although strict unitarians, they could regard Jesus as a god in that he was an ascended immortalized being who lived in heaven—not equal to the Father, but far superior to all humans on earth. Justin Martyr presents another interesting case to consider. Thoroughly acquainted with Greco-Roman literature and especially the philosophy of Plato, Justin sees Christ as a god whom the Father begot before all other creatures. He calls him “son, or wisdom, or angel, or god, or lord, or word”[65] (Dialogue with Trypho 61). For Justin Christ is “at the same time angel and god and lord and man”[66] (59). Jesus was “of old the Word, appearing at one time in the form of fire, at another under the guise of incorporeal beings, but now, at the will of God, after becoming man for mankind”[67] (First Apology 63). In fact, Justin is quite comfortable to compare Christ to deified heroes and emperors. He says, “[W]e propose nothing new or different from that which you say about the so-called sons of Jupiter [Zeus] by your respected writers… And what about the emperors who die among you, whom you think worthy to be deified?”[68] (21). He readily accepts the parallels with Mercury, Perseus, Asclepius, Bacchus, and Hercules, but argues that Jesus is superior to them (22).[69] Nevertheless, he considered Jesus to be in “a place second to the unchanging and eternal God”[70] (13). The Father is “the Most True God” whereas the Son is he “who came forth from Him”[71] (6). Even as lates as Origen, Greco-Roman concepts of deity persist. In responding to Celsus' claim that no god or son of God has ever come down, Origen responds by stating such a statement would overthrow the stories of Pythian Apollo, Asclepius, and the other gods who descended (Against Celsus 5.2). My point here is not to say Origen believed in all the old myths, but to show how Origen reached for these stories as analogies to explain the incarnation of the logos. When Celsus argued that he would rather believe in the deity of Asclepius, Dionysus, and Hercules than Christ, Origen responded with a moral rather than ontological argument (3.42). He asks how these gods have improved the characters of anyone. Origen admits Celsus' argument “which places the forenamed individuals upon an equality with Jesus” might have force, however in light of the disreputable behavior of these gods, “how could you any longer say, with any show of reason, that these men, on putting aside their mortal body, became gods rather than Jesus?”[72] (3.42). Origen's Christology is far too broad and complicated to cover here. Undoubtedly, his work on eternal generation laid the foundation on which fourth century Christians could build homoousion Christology. Nevertheless, he retained some of the earlier subordinationist impulses of his forebearers. In his book On Prayer, he rebukes praying to Jesus as a crude error, instead advocating prayer to God alone (10). In his Commentary on John he repeatedly asserts that the Father is greater than his logos (1.40; 2.6; 6.23). Thus, Origen is a theologian on the seam of the times. He's both a subordinationist and a believer in the Son's eternal and divine ontology. Now, I want to be careful here. I'm not saying that all early Christians believed Jesus was a deified man like Asclepius or a descended god like Apollo or a reincarnated soul like Pythagoras. More often than not, thinking Christians whose works survive until today tended to eschew the parallels, simultaneously elevating Christ as high as possible while demoting the gods to mere demons. Still, Litwa is inciteful when he writes: It seems likely that early Christians shared the widespread cultural assumption that a resurrected, immortalized being was worthy of worship and thus divine. …Nonetheless there is a difference…Jesus, it appears, was never honored as an independent deity. Rather, he was always worshiped as Yahweh's subordinate. Naturally Heracles and Asclepius were Zeus' subordinates, but they were also members of a larger divine family. Jesus does not enter a pantheon but assumes a distinctive status as God's chief agent and plenipotentiary. It is this status that, to Christian insiders, placed Jesus in a category far above the likes of Heracles, Romulus, and Asclepius who were in turn demoted to the rank of δαίμονες [daimons].[73] Conclusion I began by asking the question, "What did early Christians mean by saying Jesus is god?" We noted that the ancient idea of agency (Jesus is God/god because he represents Yahweh), though present in Hebrew and Christian scripture, didn't play much of a role in how Gentile Christians thought about Jesus. Or if it did, those texts did not survive. By the time we enter the postapostolic era, a majority of Christianity was Gentile and little communication occurred with the Jewish Christians that survived in the East. As such, we turned our attention to Greco-Roman theology to tune our ears to hear the story of Jesus the way they would have. We learned about their multifaceted array of divinities. We saw that gods can come down and take the form of humans and humans can go up and take the form of gods. We found evidence for this kind of thinking in both non-Christian and Christian sources in the second and third centuries. Now it is time to return to the question I began with: “When early Christian authors called Jesus “god” what did they mean?” We saw that the idea of a deified man was present in the non-Christian witnesses of Tiberius and Pliny but made scant appearance in our Christian literature except for the Theodotians. As for the idea that a god came down to become a man, we found evidence in The Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Justin, and Origen.[74] Of course, we find a spectrum within this view, from Justin's designation of Jesus as a second god to Origen's more philosophically nuanced understanding. Still, it's worth noting as R. P. C. Hanson observed that, “With the exception of Athanasius virtually every theologian, East and West, accepted some form of subordinationism at least up to the year 355.”[75] Whether any Christians before Alexander and Athanasius of Alexandria held to the sophisticated idea of consubstantiality depends on showing evidence of the belief that the Son was coequal, coeternal, and coessential with the Father prior to Nicea. (Readers interested in the case for this view should consult Michael Bird's Jesus among the Gods in which he attempted the extraordinary feat of finding proto-Nicene Christology in the first two centuries, a task typically associated with maverick apologists not peer-reviewed historians.) In conclusion, the answer to our driving question about the meaning of “Jesus as god” is that the answer depends on whom we ask. If we ask the Theodotians, Jesus is a god because that's just what one calls an immortalized man who lives in heaven.[76] If we ask those holding a docetic Christology, the answer is that a god came down in appearance as a man. If we ask a logos subordinationist, they'll tell us that Jesus existed as the god through whom the supreme God created the universe before he became a human being. If we ask Tertullian, Jesus is god because he derives his substance from the Father, though he has a lesser portion of divinity.[77] If we ask Athanasius, he'll wax eloquent about how Jesus is of the same substance as the Father equal in status and eternality. The bottom line is that there was not one answer to this question prior to the fourth century. Answers depend on whom we ask and when they lived. Still, we can't help but wonder about the more tantalizing question of development. Which Christology was first and which ones evolved under social, intellectual, and political pressures? In the quest to specify the various stages of development in the Christologies of the ante-Nicene period, this Greco-Roman perspective may just provide the missing link between the reserved and limited way that the NT applies theos to Jesus in the first century and the homoousian view that eventually garnered imperial support in the fourth century. How easy would it have been for fresh converts from the Greco-Roman world to unintentionally mishear the story of Jesus? How easy would it have been for them to fit Jesus into their own categories of descended gods and ascended humans? With the unmooring of Gentile Christianity from its Jewish heritage, is it any wonder that Christologies began to drift out to sea? Now I'm not suggesting that all Christians went through a steady development from a human Jesus to a pre-existent Christ, to an eternal God the Son, to the Chalcedonian hypostatic union. As I mentioned above, plenty of other options were around and every church had its conservatives in addition to its innovators. The story is messy and uneven with competing views spread across huge geographic distances. Furthermore, many Christians probably were content to leave such theological nuances fuzzy, rather than seeking doctrinal precision on Christ's relation to his God and Father. Whatever the case may be, we dare not ignore the influence of Greco-Roman theology in our accounts of Christological development in the Mediterranean world of the first three centuries. Bibliography The Homeric Hymns. Translated by Michael Crudden. New York, NY: Oxford, 2008. Antioch, Theophilus of. To Autolycus. Translated by Marcus Dods. Vol. 2. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001. Aphrahat. The Demonstrations. Translated by Ellen Muehlberger. Vol. 3. The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings. Edited by Mark DelCogliano. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2022. Apollodorus. The Library of Greek Mythology. Translated by Robin Hard. Oxford, UK: Oxford, 1998. Appian. The Civil Wars. Translated by John Carter. London, UK: Penguin, 1996. Arnobius. Against the Heathen. Translated by Hamilton Bryce and Hugh Campbell. Vol. 6. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995. Arrian. The Campaigns of Alexander. Translated by Aubrey De Sélincourt. London, UK: Penguin, 1971. Bird, Michael F. Jesus among the Gods. Waco, TX: Baylor, 2022. Blackburn, Barry. Theios Aner and the Markan Miracle Traditions. Tübingen, Germany: J. C. B. Mohr, 1991. Callimachus. Hymn to Artemis. Translated by Susan A. Stephens. Callimachus: The Hymns. New York, NY: Oxford, 2015. Cicero. The Nature of the Gods. Translated by Patrick Gerard Walsh. Oxford, UK: Oxford, 2008. Cornutus, Lucius Annaeus. Greek Theology. Translated by George Boys-Stones. Greek Theology, Fragments, and Testimonia. Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2018. Cotter, Wendy. "Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection Appearances in Matthew." In The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study. Edited by David E. Aune. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001. Cyprian. Treatise 6: On the Vanity of Idols. Translated by Ernest Wallis. Vol. 5. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995. Dittenberger, W. Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae. Vol. 2. Hildesheim: Olms, 1960. Eusebius. The Church History. Translated by Paul L. Maier. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2007. Fredriksen, Paula. "How High Can Early High Christology Be?" In Monotheism and Christology in Greco-Roman Antiquity. Edited by Matthew V. Novenson. Vol. 180.vol. Supplements to Novum Testamentum. Leiden: Brill, 2020. Hanson, R. P. C. Search for a Christian Doctrine of God. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Hart, George. The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York, NY: Penguin, 1997. Iamblichus. Life of Pythagoras. Translated by Thomas Taylor. Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras. Delhi, IN: Zinc Read, 2023. Justin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho. Translated by Thomas B. Falls. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2003. Laertius, Diogenes. Life of Pythagoras. Translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie. The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library. Edited by David R. Fideler. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988. Laertius, Diogenes. Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Translated by Pamela Mensch. Edited by James Miller. New York, NY: Oxford, 2020. Lane, William L. The Gospel of Mark. Nicnt, edited by F. F. Bruce Ned B. Stonehouse, and Gordon D. Fee. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974. Litwa, M. David. Iesus Deus. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014. Livy. The Early History of Rome. Translated by Aubrey De Sélincourt. London, UK: Penguin, 2002. Origen. Against Celsus. Translated by Frederick Crombie. Vol. 4. The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003. Pausanias. Guide to Greece. Translated by Peter Levi. London, UK: Penguin, 1979. Perriman, Andrew. In the Form of a God. Studies in Early Christology, edited by David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022. Philostratus. Letters of Apollonius. Vol. 458. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2006. Plutarch. Life of Alexander. Translated by Ian Scott-Kilvert and Timothy E. Duff. The Age of Alexander. London, UK: Penguin, 2011. Porphyry. Life of Pythagoras. Translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie. The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library. Edited by David Fideler. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988. Pseudo-Clement. Recognitions. Translated by Thomas Smith. Vol. 8. Ante Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003. Pseudo-Hippolytus. Refutation of All Heresies. Translated by David Litwa. Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2016. Pseudo-Thomas. Infancy Gospel of Thomas. Translated by James Orr. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1903. Psuedo-Clement. Homilies. Translated by Peter Peterson. Vol. 8. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1897. Siculus, Diodorus. The Historical Library. Translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Vol. 1. Edited by Giles Laurén: Sophron Editor, 2017. Strabo. The Geography. Translated by Duane W. Roller. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2020. Tertullian. Against Praxeas. Translated by Holmes. Vol. 3. Ante Nice Fathers. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003. Tertullian. Apology. Translated by S. Thelwall. Vol. 3. Ante-Nicene Fathers, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003. Younger, Pliny the. The Letters of the Younger Pliny. Translated by Betty Radice. London: Penguin, 1969. End Notes [1] For the remainder of this paper, I will use the lower case “god” for all references to deity outside of Yahweh, the Father of Christ. I do this because all our ancient texts lack capitalization and our modern capitalization rules imply a theology that is anachronistic and unhelpful for the present inquiry. [2] Christopher Kaiser wrote, “Explicit references to Jesus as ‘God' in the New Testament are very few, and even those few are generally plagued with uncertainties of either text or interpretation.” Christopher B. Kaiser, The Doctrine of God: A Historical Survey (London: Marshall Morgan & Scott, 1982), 29. Other scholars such as Raymond Brown (Jesus: God and Man), Jason David BeDuhn (Truth in Translation), and Brian Wright (“Jesus as θεός: A Textual Examination” in Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament) have expressed similar sentiments. [3] John 20.28; Hebrews 1.8; Titus 2.13; 2 Peter 1.1; Romans 9.5; and 1 John 5.20. [4] See Polycarp's Epistle to the Philippians 12.2 where a manuscript difference determines whether or not Polycarp called Jesus god or lord. Textual corruption is most acute in Igantius' corpus. Although it's been common to dismiss the long recension as an “Arian” corruption, claiming the middle recension to be as pure and uncontaminated as freshly fallen snow upon which a foot has never trodden, such an uncritical view is beginning to give way to more honest analysis. See Paul Gilliam III's Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian Controversy (Leiden: Brill, 2017) for a recent treatment of Christological corruption in the middle recension. [5] See the entries for אֱלֹהִיםand θεός in the Hebrew Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), the Brown Driver Briggs Lexicon (BDB), Eerdmans Dictionary, Kohlenberger/Mounce Concise Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament, the Bauer Danker Arndt Gingrich Lexicon (BDAG), Friberg Greek Lexicon, and Thayer's Greek Lexicon. [6] See notes on Is 9.6 and Ps 45.6. [7] ZIBBC: “In what sense can the king be called “god”? By virtue of his divine appointment, the king in the ancient Near East stood before his subjects as a representative of the divine realm. …In fact, the term “gods“ (ʾelōhı̂m) is used of priests who functioned as judges in the Israelite temple judicial system (Ex. 21:6; 22:8-9; see comments on 58:1; 82:6-7).” John W. Hilber, “Psalms,” in The Minor Prophets, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, vol. 5 of Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Old Testament. ed. John H. Walton (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 358. [8] Around a.d. 340, Aphrahat of Persia advised his fellow Christians to reply to Jewish critics who questioned why “You call a human being ‘God'” (Demonstrations 17.1). He said, “For the honored name of the divinity is granted event ot rightoues human beings, when they are worthy of being called by it…[W]hen he chose Moses, his friend and his beloved…he called him “god.” …We call him God, just as he named Moses with his own name…The name of the divinity was granted for great honor in the world. To whom he wishes, God appoints it” (17.3, 4, 5). Aphrahat, The Demonstrations, trans., Ellen Muehlberger, vol. 3, The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2022), 213-15. In the Clementine Recognitions we find a brief mention of the concept: “Therefore the name God is applied in three ways: either because he to whom it is given is truly God, or because he is the servant of him who is truly; and for the honour of the sender, that his authority may be full, he that is sent is called by the name of him who sends, as is often done in respect of angels: for when they appear to a man, if he is a wise and intelligent man, he asks the name of him who appears to him, that he may acknowledge at once the honour of the sent, and the authority of the sender” (2.42). Pseudo-Clement, Recognitions, trans., Thomas Smith, vol. 8, Ante Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [9] Michael F. Bird, Jesus among the Gods (Waco, TX: Baylor, 2022), 13. [10] Andrew Perriman, In the Form of a God, Studies in Early Christology, ed. David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022), 130. [11] Paula Fredriksen, "How High Can Early High Christology Be?," in Monotheism and Christology in Greco-Roman Antiquity, ed. Matthew V. Novenson, vol. 180 (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 296, 99. [12] ibid. [13] See Gen 18.1; Ex 3.2; 24.11; Is 6.1; Ezk 1.28. [14] Compare the Masoretic Text of Psalm 8.6 to the Septuagint and Hebrews 2.7. [15] Homer, The Odyssey, trans., Robert Fagles (New York, NY: Penguin, 1997), 370. [16] Diodorus Siculus, The Historical Library, trans., Charles Henry Oldfather, vol. 1 (Sophron Editor, 2017), 340. [17] Uranus met death at the brutal hands of his own son, Kronos who emasculated him and let bleed out, resulting in his deification (Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel 1.10). Later on, after suffering a fatal disease, Kronos himself experienced deification, becoming the planet Saturn (ibid.). Zeus married Hera and they produced Osiris (Dionysus), Isis (Demeter), Typhon, Apollo, and Aphrodite (ibid. 2.1). [18] Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, Greek Theology, trans., George Boys-Stones, Greek Theology, Fragments, and Testimonia (Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2018), 123. [19] Apollodorus, The Library of Greek Mythology, trans., Robin Hard (Oxford, UK: Oxford, 1998), 111. [20] Pausanias, Guide to Greece, trans., Peter Levi (London, UK: Penguin, 1979), 98. [21] Strabo, The Geography, trans., Duane W. Roller (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2020), 281. [22] Psuedo-Clement, Homilies, trans., Peter Peterson, vol. 8, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1897). Greek: “αὐτὸν δὲ ὡς θεὸν ἐθρήσκευσαν” from Jacques Paul Migne, Patrologia Graeca, taken from Accordance (PSCLEMH-T), OakTree Software, Inc., 2018, Version 1.1. [23] See Barry Blackburn, Theios Aner and the Markan Miracle Traditions (Tübingen, Germany: J. C. B. Mohr, 1991), 32. [24] Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, trans., Pamela Mensch (New York, NY: Oxford, 2020), 39. [25] Iamblichus, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Thomas Taylor, Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras (Delhi, IN: Zinc Read, 2023), 2. [26] Diogenes Laertius, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988), 142. [27] See the list in Blackburn, 39. He corroborates miracle stories from Diogenus Laertius, Iamblichus, Apollonius, Nicomachus, and Philostratus. [28] Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988), 128-9. [29] Iamblichus, 68. [30] What I call “resurrection” refers to the phrase, “Thou shalt bring back from Hades a dead man's strength.” Diogenes Laertius 8.2.59, trans. R. D. Hicks. [31] Laertius, "Lives of the Eminent Philosophers," 306. Two stories of his deification survive: in one Empedocles disappears in the middle of the night after hearing an extremely loud voice calling his name. After this the people concluded that they should sacrifice to him since he had become a god (8.68). In the other account, Empedocles climbs Etna and leaps into the fiery volcanic crater “to strengthen the rumor that he had become a god” (8.69). [32] Pausanias, 192. Sextus Empiricus says Asclepius raised up people who had died at Thebes as well as raising up the dead body of Tyndaros (Against the Professors 1.261). [33] Cicero adds that the Arcadians worship Asclepius (Nature 3.57). [34] In another instance, he confronted and cast out a demon from a licentious young man (Life 4.20). [35] The phrase is “περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ θεοῖς εἴρηται ὡς περὶ θείου ἀνδρὸς.” Philostratus, Letters of Apollonius, vol. 458, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2006). [36] See George Hart, The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, 2nd ed. (Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005), 3. [37] Plutarch, Life of Alexander, trans., Ian Scott-Kilvert and Timothy E. Duff, The Age of Alexander (London, UK: Penguin, 2011), 311. Arrian includes a story about Anaxarchus advocating paying divine honors to Alexander through prostration. The Macedonians refused but the Persian members of his entourage “rose from their seats and one by one grovelled on the floor before the King.” Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander, trans., Aubrey De Sélincourt (London, UK: Penguin, 1971), 222. [38] Translation my own from “Ἀντίοχος ὁ Θεὸς Δίκαιος Ἐπιφανὴς Φιλορωμαῖος Φιλέλλην.” Inscription at Nemrut Dağ, accessible at https://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/mithras/display.php?page=cimrm32. See also https://zeugma.packhum.org/pdfs/v1ch09.pdf. [39] Greek taken from W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae, vol. 2 (Hildesheim: Olms, 1960), 48-60. Of particular note is the definite article before θεός. They didn't celebrate the birthday of a god, but the birthday of the god. [40] Appian, The Civil Wars, trans., John Carter (London, UK: Penguin, 1996), 149. [41] M. David Litwa, Iesus Deus (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014), 20. [42] ibid. [43] Blackburn, 92-3. [44] The Homeric Hymns, trans., Michael Crudden (New York, NY: Oxford, 2008), 38. [45] "The Homeric Hymns," 14. [46] Homer, 344. [47] Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus, trans., Marcus Dods, vol. 2, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001). [48] Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis, trans., Susan A. Stephens, Callimachus: The Hymns (New York, NY: Oxford, 2015), 119. [49] Siculus, 234. [50] Cyprian, Treatise 6: On the Vanity of Idols, trans., Ernest Wallis, vol. 5, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995). [51] Arnobius, Against the Heathen, trans., Hamilton Bryce and Hugh Campbell, vol. 6, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995). [52] Livy, The Early History of Rome, trans., Aubrey De Sélincourt (London, UK: Penguin, 2002), 49. [53] Cicero, The Nature of the Gods, trans., Patrick Gerard Walsh (Oxford, UK: Oxford, 2008), 69. [54] Wendy Cotter, "Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection Appearances in Matthew," in The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study, ed. David E. Aune (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001), 149. [55] Litwa, 170. [56] William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark, Nicnt, ed. F. F. Bruce Ned B. Stonehouse, and Gordon D. Fee (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974). [57] “Recent commentators have stressed that the best background for understanding the Markan transfiguration is the story of Moses' ascent up Mount Sinai (Exod. 24 and 34).” Litwa, 123. [58] Tertullian, Apology, trans. S. Thelwall, vol. 3, Ante-Nicene Fathers, ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [59] Eusebius, The Church History, trans. Paul L. Maier (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2007), 54. [60] Pliny the Younger, The Letters of the Younger Pliny, trans., Betty Radice (London: Penguin, 1969), 294. [61] Pseudo-Thomas, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, trans., James Orr (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1903), 25. [62] Litwa, 83. [63] For sources on Theodotus, see Pseduo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies 7.35.1-2; 10.23.1-2; Pseudo-Tertullian, Against All Heresies 8.2; Eusebius, Church History 5.28. [64] Pseudo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies, trans., David Litwa (Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2016), 571. [65] I took the liberty to decapitalize these appellatives. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, trans. Thomas B. Falls (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2003), 244. [66] Justin Martyr, 241. (Altered, see previous footnote.) [67] Justin Martyr, 102. [68] Justin Martyr, 56-7. [69] Arnobius makes a similar argument in Against the Heathen 1.38-39 “Is he not worthy to be called a god by us and felt to be a god on account of the favor or such great benefits? For if you have enrolled Liber among the gods because he discovered the use of wine, and Ceres the use of bread, Aesculapius the use of medicines, Minerva the use of oil, Triptolemus plowing, and Hercules because he conquered and restrained beasts, thieves, and the many-headed hydra…So then, ought we not to consider Christ a god, and to bestow upon him all the worship due to his divinity?” Translation from Litwa, 105. [70] Justin Martyr, 46. [71] Justin Martyr, 39. [72] Origen, Against Celsus, trans. Frederick Crombie, vol. 4, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [73] Litwa, 173. [74] I could easily multiply examples of this by looking at Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, and many others. [75] The obvious exception to Hanson's statement were thinkers like Sabellius and Praxeas who believed that the Father himself came down as a human being. R. P. C. Hanson, Search for a Christian Doctrine of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), xix. [76] Interestingly, even some of the biblical unitarians of the period were comfortable with calling Jesus god, though they limited his divinity to his post-resurrection life. [77] Tertullian writes, “[T]he Father is not the same as the Son, since they differ one from the other in the mode of their being. For the Father is the entire substance, but the Son is a derivation and portion of the whole, as He Himself acknowledges: “My Father is greater than I.” In the Psalm His inferiority is described as being “a little lower than the angels.” Thus the Father is distinct from the Son, being greater than the Son” (Against Praxeas 9). Tertullian, Against Praxeas, trans., Holmes, vol. 3, Ante Nice Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003).
Happy Hallo-week sluts! We're taking you to some not-so-haunted houses this episode as we dive into the various house systems. We kick off the episode with some spooky season life updates then get into this week's horror-scopes. We have our FINAL lunar eclipse in Taurus then we get into the origins of Halloween as we discuss Samhain, a pagan festival celebrating the start of the ‘dark half' of the year. During Monster high we get into our house systems and share a few of the many house systems and how they can shift the way you look at your chart, from Placidus, to Whole Sign Houses, Porphyry and more! We throw it back to Halloween's past for Skeletons in the Closet and dig through our memory boxes (our brains) to share our favorite costumes, middle school party mems and more! We close out the episode with an American Horror Story from a listener and one from our very own AUBREY. Subscribe to get access to monthly subscriber only episodes! Follow ASTRO SLUTS on Instagram, TikTok and Twitter @astroslutsss. Leave us a five star review (please!) and text “ASTRO” to 833-676-2680 to stay up to date on new episodes. Need advice? Leave your silly (or SPOOKY) stories, questions or concerns HERE.
Join us as we venture deep into the realms of the occult and the supernatural with a special guest, the esteemed author behind the chilling guide, The Black Hours: Modern Demonic Experiences & Folklore. Brace yourselves as we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic world of demonic phenomena. Far from being a mere collection of hair-raising tales, The Black Hours serves as an essential reference for both seasoned paranormal investigators and the curious public, providing a comprehensive checklist to decode the mysterious and oft-misunderstood realm of the demonic. My Special Guest is Victoria Jaye Victoria Jaye is a supernatural folklorist; she specializes in demonic narratives, experiences, and phenomena. Her podcast is called Demon Folklorist, available on most platforms through Paranormal Buzz Radio. Exploring the Influence of Spiritual Entities in Diverse Cultures In various societies, the intricate web of the universe is believed to be governed by an array of spirits, each presiding over specific elements or even objects, while themselves subject to greater spiritual forces. Among the Inuit, a deep reverence for the natural world extends to a belief in spirits inhabiting the sea, earth, sky, and all facets of nature. It is whispered that every nook of the seashore, every towering cliff, every solitary island, harbours its vigilant guardian spirit, some benevolent, others to be appeased through acts of supernatural knowledge. Similarly, traditional Korean lore weaves tales of an expansive demon population pervading the very fabric of existence, with spirits filling household items and permeating every corner of the natural world. Greek philosophers, including Porphyry of Tyre, as well as early Christian scholars, espoused the idea that the world teemed with spirits, with some even suggesting that these entities were the recipients of veneration initially aimed at pagan deities. Benevolent Spirits in Diverse Cultural Narratives While a plethora of spiritual entities is often associated with malevolent intentions, a significant number, particularly in various indigenous cultures, are regarded as benign or even protective. In the heart of Central Africa, the Mpongwe venerate local spirits, akin to the Inuit, yet these spirits are largely perceived as non-threatening. Travelers cautiously make small offerings as they approach the dwelling places of these spirits, a symbolic gesture reflecting mutual respect. Instances of minor mischief, like a tree inexplicably falling on a passer-by, are attributed to the mischievous Ombuiri spirits, according to local beliefs. Similarly, in ancient European folklore, spirits associated with natural processes were often seen as neutral or even beneficial, with the fear of angering the corn-spirit serving as a cautionary tale for farmers. Across diverse narratives, evidence abounds of spiritual entities serving as invisible guardians, offering protection and guidance to humanity. In this episode, you will be able to: 1. Demystify the Occult: How The Black Hours Offers Clarity in the Shadows 2. Understand the Checklists and Markers of Demonic Encounters 3. Navigate the Paranormal: The Role of the Book in Guiding Investigators and the Public Alike 4. Explore the Impact and Implications of Demonic Folklore in Modern Society If you value this podcast and want to enjoy more episodes please come and find us on https://www.patreon.com/Haunted_History_Chronicles to support the podcast, gain a wealth of additional exclusive podcasts, writing and other content. Links to all Haunted History Chronicles Social Media Pages, Published Materials and more: https://linktr.ee/hauntedhistorychronicles *NEW* Podcast Shop: https://www.teepublic.com/user/haunted-history-chronicles Guest Links: https://demonfolklorist.com https://www.amazon.co.uk/Black-Hours-Demonic-Experiences-Folklore --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hauntedchronicles/message
“Criticism of Christianity has a long history which stretches back to the initial formation of the religion in the Roman Empire. Critics have challenged Christian beliefs and teachings as well as Christian actions, from the Crusades to modern terrorism. The arguments against Christianity include the suppositions that it is a faith of violence, corruption, superstition, polytheism, homophobia, bigotry, pontification, abuses of women's rights and sectarianism. In the early years of Christianity, the Neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry emerged as one of the major critics with his book Against the Christians, along with other writers like Celsus and Julian. Porphyry argued that Christianity was based on false prophecies that had not yet materialized.[1] Following the adoption of Christianity under the Roman Empire, dissenting religious voices were gradually suppressed by both governments and ecclesiastical authorities [2]—however Christianity did face theological criticisms from other Abrahamic religions like Judaism and Islam in the meantime, such as Maimonides who argued that it was idolatry.[3] A millennium later, the Protestant Reformation led to a fundamental split in European Christianity and rekindled critical voices about the Christian faith, both internally and externally. In the 18th century, Deist philosophers such as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were critical of Christianity as a revealed religion.[4] With the Age of Enlightenment, Christianity was criticized by major thinkers and philosophers, such as Voltaire, David Hume, Thomas Paine, and the Baron d'Holbach.[5] The central theme of these critiques sought to negate the historical accuracy of the Christian Bible and focused on the perceived corruption of Christian religious authorities.[5] Other thinkers, like Immanuel Kant, launched systematic and comprehensive critiques of Christian theology by attempting to refute arguments for theism.[6] In modern times, Christianity has faced substantial criticism from a wide array of political movements and ideologies. In the late eighteenth century, the French Revolution saw a number of politicians and philosophers criticizing traditional Christian doctrines, precipitating a wave of secularism in which hundreds of churches were closed down and thousands of priests were deported or killed.[7] Following the French Revolution, prominent philosophers of liberalism and communism, such as John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, criticized Christian doctrine on the grounds that it was conservative and anti-democratic. Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Christianity fosters a kind of slave morality which suppresses the desires which are contained in the human will.[8] The Russian Revolution, the Chinese Revolution, and several other modern revolutionary movements have also led to the criticism of Christian ideas. The contemporary LGBT movements have criticized Christianity for homophobia and transphobia. The formal response of Christians to such criticisms is described as Christian apologetics. Philosophers like Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas have been some of the most prominent defenders of the Christian religion since its foundation.” --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/antonio-myers4/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/antonio-myers4/support
On this episode Matt is joined once again by Michael Phillip, who is a writer, video creator and host of the podcast Third Eye Drops. Michael has released and appeared on hundreds of podcast episodes, melding minds with a wide range of multidisciplinary experts including scientists, artists, philosophers, spiritual teachers, bestselling authors, and viral personalities. He also hosts a YouTube channel where he ‘wonderdips' into mind melting topics like Jungian Psychology, Psychedelics and Consciousness. During the conversation Matt and Michael discuss the topic of Platonism, loosely defined as "the philosophy of Plato stressing especially that actual things are copies of transcendent ideas and that these ideas are the objects of true knowledge apprehended by reminiscence." We learn how Michael took an interest in this branch of philosophy, and who Plato, Plotinus, and Porphyry were, and how they contributed to Platonism and Neo-Platonism. The purpose of this conversation is to break down this highly dense subject into digestible bits in layman's terms, as much of the content available online about Platonism is highly academic and a bit tough to fully grasp. We learn about some incredible stories from Platonic thinkers, the general aim of Platonism, and how it relates to other systems of thought. The two then explore the topics of dreams, synchronicity and the Unus-Mundus (One World), plus much more. This is one for the books. Please enjoy! Find Michael: https://www.instagram.com/third_eye_drops/ http://thirdeyedrops.com/ Sponsored by Feel Free: https://botanictonics.com/ Use code 'Xian40' at checkout to save $40 --- Sponsored by SHEATH: https://sheathunderwear.com Use code 'TIMEWHEEL' at checkout to save 20%.
Mystical Theology: Introducing the Theology and Spiritual Life of the Orthodox Church
Series: Mystical TheologyUnit 14: Gregory PalamasEpisode 5: Epistemological PresuppositionsThe fifth episode in our series discusses the philosophical background to the debate between St. Gregory Palamas and Nicephorus Gregoras, which took place at the 1351 Council of Constantinople. Themes covered in this episode include the influence of Greek philosophy (particularly that of Plato and Aristotle) on the anti-Hesychasts of the 14th century, the relevance of the debate between Nominalists and Realists in the western Middle Ages, and the experiential, non-philosophical and non-dialectical "essence-energies" distinction in the ascetic tradition of the Orthodox Church.Q&As related to Episode 5 available in The Professor's Blog.Recommended background reading: Christopher Veniamin, ed., Saint Gregory Palamas: The Homilies (Dalton PA: 2022).TIMESTAMPS00:00 Background to the debates01:24 Question of “Universals”02:16 Real subsistence of Divine Energies03:35 Realism and Nominalism04:24 Realism10:07 Greek Philosophy: Plato14:34 Aristotle 16:14 No essence without energy17:00 Porphyry and Boethius17:48 Porphyry's 3 questions18:53 Boethius and “Universals”20:06 Three Schools in West: (1) Realist21:45 (2) Nominalist School 22:58 (3) Moderate-Realist School24:15 Nominalism of Gregoras27:36 Gregory of Nyssa 32:21 Cause and caused32:35 Philotheos Kokkinos33:28 “Theotes”35:36 The “twofoldness” of God36:22 Real knowledge of God37:36 “Energemata” - analogical assent38:59 Energies God HimselfIt is hoped that these presentations will help the enquThe Happy Writer with Marissa MeyerAuthors, from debuts to bestsellers, chat about books, writing, publishing, and joy. Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the Show.Dr. Christopher VeniaminSupport The Mount Thabor Academyhttps://www.buzzsprout.com/2232462/support THE MOUNT THABOR ACADEMYPrint Books by MOUNT THABOR PUBLISHING The Professor's BlogeBooks Amazon Google Apple KoboB&NMembership OptionsJoin our Bookclub, Bible Study, John Damascene's Christology or Greek Philosophy here:Patreon for Membership TiersClick on the Join button below our YouTube videos, and become a Friend or Reader of The Mount Thabor Academy! Click here: YouTube Membership Level...
Interview with Sam Lee, President & CEO of NorthIsle Copper and Gold (TSX-V:NCX)Our previous interview: https://youtu.be/7C5eZke9kyIRecording date: 13th June 2023NorthIsle Copper & Gold (NCX) is a promising mining company headquartered in British Columbia. Led by President and CEO Sam Lee, the company is engaged in the exploration of copper and gold deposits. With a market value of $40 million, NorthIsle has successfully raised over $20 million in capital since October 2020.Their flagship project boasts substantial mineral resources, with approximately 600 million tons indicated and 350 million tons inferred. These resources have an estimated post-tax NPV (Net Present Value) of $1.1 billion, with an after-tax IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of 19%. The project demonstrates significant potential for growth, given its current size and value.NorthIsle Copper & Gold strategically focuses on capital allocation to maximize returns for shareholders. They have emphasized efficient drilling and exploration activities, aiming to expand the project's size, grade, and overall value. The company has identified three key areas for exploration, including the Northwest Expo, which has already shown promising results with higher NSR (Net Smelter Return) values and grades compared to existing resources.
Interview with John Black, CEO of Aldebaran Resources (TSX-V:ALDE)Aldebaran Resources (ALDE) is a mining company focused on the exploration and development of mineral deposits. The company is currently working on its Altar project located in the San Juan Province of Argentina. The Altar project is a large copper porphyry deposit, and Aldebaran Resources has already established a significant resource estimate of approximately 1.2 billion tons with a copper equivalent grade of 0.5%.Recent exploration activities, including a deep geophysical survey, have indicated the potential for additional mineralization beneath the currently modeled pit. The company has been drilling and releasing positive results, suggesting the presence of mineralization immediately beneath the pit. These findings have the potential to substantially increase the existing resource.
Interview with David Hottman, President & CEO of Orestone Mining (TSX-V: ORS)Orestone explores for gold and copper in British Columbia, Canada on the 105 square kilometre Captain gold/copper porphyry project. The project is 100% owned and hosts a cluster of large porphyry targets advanced through geophysics and drilling. Exploration drilling to date has advanced the project substantially. Their goal is to create shareholder wealth through successful exploration.
Torq Resources has commenced its first drill program at the Santa Cecilia gold – copper project located in the world-class Maricunga belt in northern Chile, approximately 100 kilometres east of the city of Copiapo. The Santa Cecilia project is located immediately adjacent to the Norte Abierto project, held by Newmont and Barrick, which is comprised of the Caspiche and Cerro Casale gold – copper porphyry deposits. The initial drill program at Santa Cecilia is expected to consist of a total of approximately 15,000 metres over the next 14 months with a break of four months anticipated between June – September for the Chilean winter. Approximately 7,000 m of the drilling is expected to take place in 2023, with the first two drill holes planned for the northeastern flank of the Cerro del Medio target area, where mineralization from a 2012 drill hole intercepted 925.7 m of 0.21g/t gold, 0.27% copper, and 82 ppm molybdenum in a porphyry system located immediately below the epithermal gold system that was defined from 1988 – 1990 by a major mining company. Importantly, the mineralization intercepted in the 2012 drill hole is known to be in wall rock, and the Company is targeting a higher-grade causative intrusion. Torq has also defined new targets at its Margarita IOCG discovery in Chile. Chief GEO Michael Henrichsen stated, ““We are very pleased with the results from our gold and multi-element soil geochemistry grid, as it has delineated clear target areas across the project for our next drill program. The gold results from the untested Remolino and Cototuda targets have reaffirmed their potential and the new gold anomalies delineated in the northern portion of the project near our Falla 13 discovery have demonstrated the potential to define a significant IOCG system at the project.” https://www.torqresources.com/ TSXV: TORQ | OTCQX: TRBMF Press releases discussed: https://torqresources.com/news-media/news/2023/torq-commences-drilling-at-its-santa-cecilia-gold-copper-project-in-chile/ https://torqresources.com/news-media/news/2023/torq-defines-multiple-new-targets-based-on-gold-geochemical-results-at-the-margarita-iron-oxide-copper-gold-project/ Sign up for our free newsletter and receive interview transcripts, stock profiles and investment ideas: http://eepurl.com/cHxJ39 Torq Resources is an MSE sponsor. Torq's forward-looking statement found in its most-recent presentation applies to the content of this discussion. The content found on MiningStockEducation.com is for informational purposes only and is not to be considered personal legal or investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell securities or any other product. Full disclaimer: https://www.miningstockeducation.com/disclaimer/
Peter Adamson is Professor of Late Ancient and Arabic Philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Professor of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy at King's College London. He's also the host of the podcast History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps and the author of the book series by the same name. Robinson and Peter talk about Neoplatonism—a philosophical movement in late antiquity—and its great thinkers, including Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus, as well as the many issues they thought and wrote about, such as evil, theology, logic, and vegetarianism. OUTLINE: 02:14 Introduction 7:30 What's Interesting About Neoplatonism? 5:35 The Etymology of “Neoplatonism” 11:36 Where was Neoplatonism? 19:48 The Great Plotinus 23:56 Plotinus' Metaphysics 32:30 Plotinus and Theology 39:46 Plotinus on Evil 1:00:15 Porphyry, His Logic, and Arguments for Vegetarianism CLIP 1:18:31 Iamblichus 1:24:02 Proclus Robinson's Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/robinson-erhardt/support
Tier One Silver's (TSXV: TSLV, OTCQB: TSLVF) CEO Peter Dembicki and Exploration SVP Christian Rios provided us with a sponsor update. Extensive CSAMT surveying has identified two promising copper porphyry targets. Drill targets are currently being defined. This will be a focus of their Q2 '23 5000-meter drill program. CEO Dembicki explains that “While silver remains the focus at Curibaya, we have a fantastic potential porphyry target … that can't be ignored. We're on a prolific copper porphyry belt in Southern Peru with many giant mines, all within 100 kilometers of us to the north and south. We just happen to be in a fortunate situation where we have a preserved precious metals epithermal system and then residing below is this potential copper porphyry target.” SVP Rios said, “We believe the targets we've identified could be associated with a porphyry copper system at depth, particularly considering the absolute dating results, which indicate the mineralization to be from the Paleocene era. This provides further evidence that we are in the correct regional environment as the similar Paleocene-aged giant porphyry copper deposits nearby. We look forward to testing these strong targets in our next drill campaign.” CEO Dembicki reflected that while metals' prices have come roaring back ($24 silver and $4 copper) and Tier One's share price is up 50%, it's still very early in the cycle and he's expecting a major move ahead. Once the next drill program commences, Tier One will become the tier one choice for sector investors, which is why we're maintaining our position. Visit the company's website at www.TierOneSilver.com.
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