Podcasts about teichm

Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The Broken Screwdriver and other parables, published by bhauth on March 4, 2024 on LessWrong. previously: The Parable Of The Fallen Pendulum The Broken Screwdriver Alice: Hey Bob, I need something to put this screw in the wall. Bob: OK, here's a screwdriver. Alice starts trying to hammer a screw in using the butt of the screwdriver. Alice: I think this screwdriver is broken. Bob: You're not using it correctly, you have to fit the other end inside the screw and twist the screw in. Alice tries doing that. Alice: It's still not working. Bob: You're using the hex bit, you need to swap it for the Philips head. Alice: Bob, this screwdriver has already failed to work twice, and each time, I did a Bayesian update against it being a working screwdriver. It seems pretty likely that it's actually broken. Bob: Tools are only expected to work within a narrow range of conditions. Some tools are so difficult to use that they require years of study to operate. You should only be updating towards the screwdriver being broken to the extent that you're confident you're using it correctly, and from what I've seen, you should have low confidence in that. Alice: I can only judge the chance that I'm doing things wrong from my results with other tools. I've been very successful at using hammers with nails, and nails seem similar to screws to me. The Finicky Car Bob is buying a used car from Carol. Bob: I want to see the car running, to make sure it works. Carol: Sure, I'll take you for a short drive. The car leaks oil. Unbeknownst to Bob, Carol adds oil to the car immediately before the drive. Carol then takes Bob for a short drive, avoiding using the broken 3rd gear. Bob buys the car, takes it home, and it soon stops working. Bob: Carol, you sold me a broken car. Carol: Tools are only expected to work within a narrow range of conditions. It's not my fault you weren't using this one correctly. Bob: We live in a society that has social expectations about the ranges of conditions in which things are normally expected to work. Carol: Yeah, well, in my culture, people don't expect stuff to work beyond the extent to which it's demonstrated. The Suspicious Math Professor Bob signs up for an advanced math class from Professor Dave at a university. He arrives at the first class, and finds that he's the only student there. Bob: Hello professor. So, what will we be covering today? Dave: Hello! The ultimate goal here is teaching you all about inter-universal Teichmüller theory, but to truly understand it, we must start by understanding Zazen meditation. Light that incense and we can get started. Bob: I'm not sure about this. It doesn't seem like the kind of math classes I've had before. It actually seems kind of...crackpot. Dave: No no no. Bob, a crackpot is someone who proposes new theories without being a professor. As you know, I am a professor. You can disagree, but we live in a society that has a social consensus about such things. You simply aren't qualified to make such judgements. Bob: I could accept that argument if you were starting with, say, Diophantine equations or lattice theory, but Zazen meditation isn't even math. I might not be a professor, but you're pitting your credibility against a social consensus of the math-ness of topics, and that outweighs the social consensus of the credibility of professors. Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The Broken Screwdriver and other parables, published by bhauth on March 4, 2024 on LessWrong. previously: The Parable Of The Fallen Pendulum The Broken Screwdriver Alice: Hey Bob, I need something to put this screw in the wall. Bob: OK, here's a screwdriver. Alice starts trying to hammer a screw in using the butt of the screwdriver. Alice: I think this screwdriver is broken. Bob: You're not using it correctly, you have to fit the other end inside the screw and twist the screw in. Alice tries doing that. Alice: It's still not working. Bob: You're using the hex bit, you need to swap it for the Philips head. Alice: Bob, this screwdriver has already failed to work twice, and each time, I did a Bayesian update against it being a working screwdriver. It seems pretty likely that it's actually broken. Bob: Tools are only expected to work within a narrow range of conditions. Some tools are so difficult to use that they require years of study to operate. You should only be updating towards the screwdriver being broken to the extent that you're confident you're using it correctly, and from what I've seen, you should have low confidence in that. Alice: I can only judge the chance that I'm doing things wrong from my results with other tools. I've been very successful at using hammers with nails, and nails seem similar to screws to me. The Finicky Car Bob is buying a used car from Carol. Bob: I want to see the car running, to make sure it works. Carol: Sure, I'll take you for a short drive. The car leaks oil. Unbeknownst to Bob, Carol adds oil to the car immediately before the drive. Carol then takes Bob for a short drive, avoiding using the broken 3rd gear. Bob buys the car, takes it home, and it soon stops working. Bob: Carol, you sold me a broken car. Carol: Tools are only expected to work within a narrow range of conditions. It's not my fault you weren't using this one correctly. Bob: We live in a society that has social expectations about the ranges of conditions in which things are normally expected to work. Carol: Yeah, well, in my culture, people don't expect stuff to work beyond the extent to which it's demonstrated. The Suspicious Math Professor Bob signs up for an advanced math class from Professor Dave at a university. He arrives at the first class, and finds that he's the only student there. Bob: Hello professor. So, what will we be covering today? Dave: Hello! The ultimate goal here is teaching you all about inter-universal Teichmüller theory, but to truly understand it, we must start by understanding Zazen meditation. Light that incense and we can get started. Bob: I'm not sure about this. It doesn't seem like the kind of math classes I've had before. It actually seems kind of...crackpot. Dave: No no no. Bob, a crackpot is someone who proposes new theories without being a professor. As you know, I am a professor. You can disagree, but we live in a society that has a social consensus about such things. You simply aren't qualified to make such judgements. Bob: I could accept that argument if you were starting with, say, Diophantine equations or lattice theory, but Zazen meditation isn't even math. I might not be a professor, but you're pitting your credibility against a social consensus of the math-ness of topics, and that outweighs the social consensus of the credibility of professors. Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

Maryam Mirzakhani wurde am 12. Mai 1977 in Teheran, Iran geboren und verstarb a. 14. Juli 2017 in Stanford, Kalifornien, USA. Sie war eine weltberühmte iranische Mathematikerin, die 2014 die Fields-Medaille (wie ein Nobelpreis für Mathematik)- als bislang einzige Frau - verliehen bekam. Sie wurde bereits mit 31 Jahren ProfessorinMaryam befasste sich in ihrer Forschung mit der hyperbolischen und symplektischen Geometrie, der Teichmüllertheorie und ihr zentrales Forschungsgebiet war die Theorie der Riemannscher Flächen. Mehr zu dieser beeindruckenden Frau in dieser Podcastepisode aus der Sicht von Cathrin und Kim.Wenn ihr Kontakt zu uns aufnehmen möchtet, schaut hier vorbei: linktr.ee/starkefrauen.#podcast  #podcasts  #podcasting  #podcaster #applepodcasts  #spotifypodcasts #applepodcast #podcasters #podcastaddict #spotifypodcast #googlepodcast #itunespodcast#starkefrauen #frauenunterstützenfrauen #frauen #powerliftingwomen #femalepowerlifter #bosswoman #femlaebusinessowner #womenceo #womenwholead #womanwithambition #womenwhodo #sheboss #weiblichevorbilder #frauenpower #frauenmacht #biografie #rolemodelPhoto Credit: Courtesy Stanford News Service Möchtest Du Cathrin oder Kim auf einen Kaffee einladen und dafür die Episoden werbefrei hören? Dann klicke auf den folgenden Link: https://plus.acast.com/s/starke-frauen. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In todays much belated episode, the hosts, discuss their thought on academia, education, a particular theory and the decline of the west, surprisingly not mentioning anything about ethics, reading Aristotle or mentioning past "glories" Remember to send any and all questions to: Monarchismunfiltered@gmail.com or our discord https://discord.gg/VJXmCkc

Finally, a way to read comics in class without your teacher complaining! Real life scientists are producing educational comics to teach cool science stuff. And they're FREE! Check them out, they have some pretty good explanations for a bunch of different topics.The FDA has recognised the ability of video games to help with therapy and greenlit a game for treating ADHD suffers. I can't wait for a game to help you deal with idiots, but we'll get there one day.Where did Matt Mercer's Vox Machina come from? Now you can read both of the first two seasons of the Critical Role prequels in a hardback omnibus. Wait, didn't we already do comics this week? Oops. Anyway, watch Critical Role. It's really good.This week, Professor took to the skies in Sky Rogue and DJ set us up the bomb in Valorant.Real Life Scientists making comics- https://www.sciencenews.org/article/real-life-scientists-inspire-comic-book-superheroes-science-literacy- https://www.jkxcomics.com/- https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59ab7c15e4fcb5c602a09465/t/5a08e052e2c483d6cb8cf769/1510531187492/JKXComics_EBV+and+the+Replication+Dance.pdfA video game for kids with ADHD is greenlit by the FDA- https://www.statnews.com/2020/06/15/fda-akili-adhd-endeavorrx/Dark Horse to Release 'Critical Role' Hardcover Omnibus- https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dark-horse-release-critical-role-hardcover-omnibus-1296484Games PlayedProfessor– Sky Rogue - https://store.steampowered.com/app/381020/Sky_Rogue/Rating: 3.5/5DJ– Valorant – https://playvalorant.com/en-us/Rating: 3/5Other topics discussedThe Last of Us Part 2 game review : Not as Good as It Thinks It Is- https://www.thewrap.com/the-last-of-us-part-2-review-not-as-good-as-it-thinks-it-is-ellie-naughty-dog/Naughty Dog's Neil Druckmann calls out journalist Jason Schreier for Anne Frank joke- https://www.ginx.tv/en/video-games/naughty-dog-s-neil-druckmann-calls-out-journalist-jason-schrier-for-anne-frank-jokeG.I. Joe - Give Him The Stick : Parody of G.I. Joe's Public Service Announcements created by Fensler films- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXFdPTaCtkcVictoria's sudden spike in coronavirus cases could result in localised lockdowns- https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/victorias-sudden-spike-in-coronavirus-cases-could-result-in-localised-lockdowns-c-1113679Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virusOnce Upon a Time….Life (French animated series which tells the story of the human body for children.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._LifeCells at Work! (Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akane Shimizu. It features the anthropomorphized cells of a human body, with the two main protagonists being a red blood cell and a white blood cell she frequently encounters.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cells_at_Work!Cells at Work! CODE BLACK (spin-off written by Shigemitsu Harada, illustrated by Ikuta Hatsuya, and supervised by the author of the original, Akane Shimizu. Similar to the original, the series is set in a world of anthropomorphic cells working in a body. It follows a the life of a rookie Erythrocyte, AA2153, and a Neutrophil, U-1196, as they work in a poorly maintained, middle-aged body burdened by issues such as stress, smoking, drinking and the like, causing complications in the cells' work and living environment.)- https://cellsatwork.fandom.com/wiki/Cells_at_Work!_CODE_BLACKInside Ralphie (Magic School Bus episode) (Third episode of Season 1 of the animated children's series The Magic School Bus. While Ralphie hosts a TV broadcast from his sickbed, his classmates seek to discover the cause of his illness.)- https://magicschoolbus.fandom.com/wiki/Inside_RalphieFor Lunch (Magic School Bus episode) (Second episode of season one of the animated children's series The Magic School Bus. Ms. Frizzle's students explore Arnold's digestive system after he accidentally swallows his miniaturized classmates.)- https://magicschoolbus.fandom.com/wiki/For_LunchFood and Drug Administration ((FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counterpharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines,biopharmaceuticals,blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed and veterinary products.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_AdministrationRitalin (Methylphenidate, sold under the trade name Ritalin among others, is a stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is a first line medication for ADHD. It may be taken by mouth or applied to the skin.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MethylphenidateTali Health (Tali Health creates game based programs to improve attention in children. TALi TRAIN is a clinically validated digital training and treatment program that addresses the world’s leading reported early childhood issue-attention difficulties, a key feature in conditions including ADHD and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder).)- https://talihealth.com.au/Michele Assarasakorn (comic artist | colorist on ISOLA / Gotham Academy/ Critical Role)Twitter : https://twitter.com/msassykInstagram : https://www.instagram.com/msassyk/Critical Role Wiki (A Place Documenting the Current History of Exandria)- https://criticalrole.fandom.com/wiki/Critical_Role_WikiThe World of RWBY: The Official Companion (RWBY lore book)- https://www.amazon.com/World-RWBY-Official-Companion/dp/1974704386Critical Role: Vox Machina Origins Library Edition: Series I & II Collection at Amazon-https://www.amazon.com/Critical-Role-Machina-Origins-Collection/dp/1506721737Ace Combat (Ace Combat is a hybrid arcade-style flight action video game franchise mainly developed by Bandai Namco Studios and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ace_CombatLUFTRAUSERS (shoot 'em up video game developed by Netherlands-based indie developer studio Vlambeer and published by Devolver Digital for Microsoft Windows, OS X,Linux, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita.)- https://store.steampowered.com/app/233150/LUFTRAUSERS/Guns of Icarus (Guns of Icarus Online is the original PvP steampunk airship combat game that laid the groundwork for the expanded Guns of Icarus experience, Guns of Icarus Alliance.)- https://store.steampowered.com/app/209080/Guns_of_Icarus_Online/PS5 Reveal Event & Every Next Gen Game announced- https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ps5-reveal-event-every-nextgen-game-announced-by-s/1100-6478266/Space Shuttle Challenger disaster (The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was a fatal incident in the United States space program that occurred on Tuesday, January 28, 1986, when the Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-099) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard. The failure was caused by the failure of O-ring seals used in the joint that were not designed to handle the unusually cold conditions that existed at this launch.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disasterSpace Shuttle Columbia disaster (The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was a fatal incident in the United States space program that occurred on February 1, 2003, when the Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. During the launch of STS-107,Columbia's 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing of the orbiter.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disasterThe Slo Mo Guys - How a TV Works in Slow Motion- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BJU2drrtCMWinnie the Pooh could be banned from Shanghai Disneyland as a result of an ongoing meme used to criticize China's leader-https://www.businessinsider.com/winnie-the-pooh-shanghai-disneyland-meme-2018-11?r=AU&IR=TObama & Xi Jinping as Tigger & Winnie The Pooh- https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DsXrZ-6UwAUHGRx?format=jpg&name=900x900Shout Outs11 June 2020 – Playstation 5 reveal - https://deadline.com/2020/06/sony-playstation-5-revealed-videogames-1202957140/Sony lifted the veil to reveal the PlayStation 5, the video game console it hopes will be a significant lure for consumers this holiday season. In a live-streamed video presentation lasting more than an hour, Sony Interactive Entertainment revealed new details for the PS5, including its design and lineup of new games. Rockstar Games’ Grand Theft Auto will be included for free, and there are two dozen other games heading to the platform. The unit’s two-tone design is a shift from previous versions and gives off distinct imperial stormtrooper vibes. PS5 will be available in both a standard model with an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive, and a digital model without a disc drive. One of the biggest series of all time, Grand Theft Auto, will be coming to PS5, with enhanced and expanded versions of Grand Theft Auto V and Grand Theft Auto Online to launch on PS5 in the second half of 2021.15 June 2020 – Rare stone ginger beer bottle from 1930s-era sells for record price - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-15/ginger-beer-bottle-sells-for-huge-price/12353574A rare ginger beer bottle from the 1930s, made for a Warwick soft drink company, has sold for a record price in Toowoomba. It has collectors encouraging people to check their sheds and old farm dumps for possible 'buried treasure'. The hammer fell at $17,500 for the stoneware Doneley and Butler bottle. The little green lip at the top is what set it apart from bottles worth a fraction of that price."These bottles are extremely rare, there have only been two or three found in perfect condition," said auctioneer Graham Lancaster."That colour combination of glazes makes it unique worldwide."He said the Warwick bottle set a record price locally, and quite possible a world-record, for an antique crown-seal soft drink bottle of its type.16 June 2020 – Christopher Nolan’s Batman Begins turns 15 - https://comicbook.com/movies/news/batman-begins-anniversary-the-dark-knight-christopher-nolan-christian-bale/As the '90s progressed, the image of Batman on the big screen began to descend into the realm of campiness previously seen in Adam West's take on the character back in the '60s TV series and movie, which started to sour audiences on the character entirely. After a variety of reports emerged about a new take on the character in the early '00s, fans were given Christopher Nolan's gritty and grounded origin story for the character in 2005, debuting Christian Bale as the Dark Knight. This new take on the character harkened back to some of the more grounded interpretations of the character, while adding just enough whimsy to remind audiences that this was still a comic book movie. Batman Begins went on to take in $371 million worldwide, a fraction of the figures that subsequent superhero movies would go on to earn, That film's success might not have been groundbreaking, but it set the stage for The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises, with some audiences considering those films to be the best comic book films of all time, both of which earned major box office hauls and the former earning Heath Ledger a posthumous Oscar for his performance as the Joker.18 June 2020 – Dame Vera Lynn passes away at 103 - https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53091856The singer was best known for performing hits such as We'll Meet Again to troops on the front line in countries including India and Egypt. Six weeks ago, ahead of the 75th anniversary of VE Day and during the height of the coronavirus pandemic, Dame Vera said simple acts of bravery and sacrifice still define our nation. A week later, she became the oldest artist to get a top 40 album in the UK, beating her own record when her greatest hits album re-entered the charts at number 30. Born in London's East Ham in 1917, Dame Vera's singing talent was discovered at a young age and by age 11 she had left school to pursue a full-time career as a dancer and singer. Lynn devoted much time and energy to charity work connected with ex-servicemen, disabled children and breast cancer. She was held in great affection by Second World War veterans and in 2000 was named the Briton who best exemplified the spirit of the 20th century. Paying tribute, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said the singer's "charm and magical voice entranced and uplifted our country in some of our darkest hours". "Her voice will live on to lift the hearts of generations to come," he said. She died at the age of 103 in Ditchling,East Sussex.19 June 2020 – Sir Ian Holm passes away at 88 - https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/19/ian-holm-dies-alien-chariots-of-fire-bilbo-bagginsSir Ian Holm, an acclaimed British actor whose long career included roles in Chariots of Fire and The Lord of the Rings has died. A star of stage and screen, Sir Ian won a Tony Award for best featured actor as Lenny in Harold Pinter's play The Homecoming in 1967. He won a British Academy Film Award and gained a supporting-actor Oscar nomination for portraying pioneering athletics coach Sam Mussabini in the hit 1982 film Chariots of Fire. His other well-known film roles include Ash in Alien, Father Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element, Chef Skinner in Ratatouille, and Bilbo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film series. Sir Ian was knighted in 1998 for his services to drama. He died from Parkinson’s disease in London.Remembrances16 June 1804 – Johann Adam Hiller - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Adam_HillerGerman composer,conductor and writer on music, regarded as the creator of the Singspiel, an early form of German opera. It is a form of German-language music drama, now regarded as a genre of opera. It is characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles,songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil. In many of these operas he collaborated with the poet Christian Felix Weiße. Furthermore, Hiller was a teacher who encouraged musical education for women, his pupils including Elisabeth Mara and Corona Schröter. He was Kapellmeister of Abel Seyler's theatrical company, and became the first Kapellmeister of Leipzig Gewandhaus. To Hiller has been given the credit of being the originator of the Singspiel, the beginning of German comedy opera as distinct from the French and Italian developments. The most important of his operas were: Lottchen am Hofe (Lottie at court, 1760),Der Teufel ist los (The devil is loose, 1768), and Poltis, oder Das gerettete Troja (Poltis, or Troy rescued, 1782). The lyrics of all his Singspiele were of considerable musical value, and were long popular. Among his sacred compositions are: A Passion Cantata, Funeral Music in Honor of Hasse, a setting of the one hundredth Psalm; and a few symphonies. He died at the age of 76 in Leipzig.16 June 1858 – John Snow - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_SnowEnglish physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854, which he curtailed by removing the handle of a water pump. Snow's findings inspired the adoption of anaesthesia as well as fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world. John Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform. He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857 and was still not yet knighted, leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. John Snow studied chloroform as much as he studied ether, which was introduced in 1847 by James Young Simpson, a Scottish obstetrician. He realised that chloroform was much more potent and required more attention and precision when administering it. Snow first realised this with Hannah Greener, a 15-year-old patient who died on 28 January 1848 after a surgical procedure that required the cutting of her toenail. She was administered chloroform by covering her face with a cloth dipped in the substance. However, she quickly lost pulse and died. After investigating her death and a couple of deaths that followed, he realized that chloroform had to be administered carefully and published his findings in a letter to The Lancet. Snow was a skeptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854. By talking to local residents (with the help of Reverend Henry Whitehead), he identified the source of the outbreak as the public water pump on Broad Street (now Broadwick Street). Although Snow's chemical and microscope examination of a water sample from the Broad Street pump did not conclusively prove its danger, his studies of the pattern of the disease were convincing enough to persuade the local council to disable the well pump by removing its handle (force rod). Snow later used a dot map to illustrate the cluster of cholera cases around the pump. He also used statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water source and cholera cases. He showed that homes supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Waterworks Company, which was taking water from sewage-polluted sections of the Thames, had a cholera rate fourteen times that of those supplied by Lambeth Waterworks Company, which obtained water from the upriver, cleaner Seething Wells. Snow's study was a major event in the history of public health and geography. It is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. He died from stroke at the age of 45 in London.16 June 1869 – Charles Sturt - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_SturtCharles Napier Sturt, British officer and explorer of Australia, and part of the European exploration of Australia. He led several expeditions into the interior of the continent, starting from Sydney and later from Adelaide. His expeditions traced several of the westward-flowing rivers, establishing that they all merged into the Murray River, which flows into the Southern Ocean. He was searching to prove his own passionately held belief that an "inland sea" was located at the centre of the continent. Sturt found the conditions and climate in New South Wales much better than he expected, and he developed a great interest in the country. Sturt received approval from Governor Darling on 4 November 1828 to explore the area of the Macquarie River in western New South Wales. The party faced the ordeal of rowing back upriver on the Murray and Murrumbidgee, against the current, in the heat of an Australian summer. Their supplies ran out and, when they reached the site of Narrandera in April, they were unable to go any further. Sturt sent two men overland in search of supplies and they returned in time to save the party from starvation. But Sturt went blind for some months and never fully recovered his health. By the time they reached Sydney again, they had rowed and sailed nearly 2,900 kilometres of the river system. Sturt believed that it was his destiny to discover a great salt water lake, known as 'the inland sea', in the middle of Australia. At very least, he wanted to be the first explorer to plant his foot in 'the centre' of Australia. In August 1844, he set out with a party of 15 men, 200 sheep, six drays, and a boat to explore north-western New South Wales and to advance into central Australia. They travelled along the Murray and Darling rivers before passing the future site of Broken Hill. They were stranded for months by the extreme summer conditions near the present site of Milparinka. When the rains eventually came, Sturt moved north and established a depot at Fort Grey (today this site is within Sturt National Park). With a small group of men, including explorer John McDouall Stuart as his draughtsman, Sturt pressed on across what is now known as Sturt's Stony Desert and into the Simpson Desert. Unable to go further, he turned back to the depot. Sturt made a second attempt to reach the centre of Australia, but he developed scurvy in the extreme conditions. His health broke down and he was forced to abandon the attempt. John Harris Browne, surgeon on the expedition, assisted Sturt, took over leadership of the party and, after travelling a total of 3,000 miles (4,800 km), brought it back to safety. He died from heart failure at the age of 74 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.16 June 1977 – Wernher von Braun - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernher_von_BraunGerman and later American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany and a pioneer of rocket and space technology in the United States. While in his twenties and early thirties, von Braun worked in Nazi Germany's rocket development program. He helped design and develop the V-2 rocket at Peenemünde during World War II. Though a member of the SS, following the war he was secretly moved to the United States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. In 1960, his group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In 1967, von Braun was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering, and in 1975, he received the National Medal of Science. He advocated a human mission to Mars. Von Braun also developed the idea of a Space Camp that would train children in fields of science and space technologies, as well as help their mental development much the same way sports camps aim at improving physical development. Von Braun took a very conservative approach to engineering, designing with ample safety factors and redundant structure. This became a point of contention with other engineers, who struggled to keep vehicle weight down so that payload could be maximized. As noted above, his excessive caution likely led to the U.S. losing the race to put a man into space with the Soviets. He died from pancreatic cancer at the age of 65 in Alexandria, Virginia.Famous Birthdays16 June 1801 – Julius Plücker - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Pl%C3%BCckerGerman mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions to the field of analytical geometry and was a pioneer in the investigations of cathode rays that led eventually to the discovery of the electron. He also vastly extended the study of Lamé curves. In 1836, Plücker was made professor of physics at University of Bonn. In 1858, after a year of working with vacuum tubes of his Bonn colleague Heinrich Geißler, he published his first classical researches on the action of the magnet on the electric discharge in rarefied gases. He found that the discharge caused a fluorescent glow to form on the glass walls of the vacuum tube, and that the glow could be made to shift by applying an electromagnet to the tube, thus creating a magnetic field. It was later shown that the glow was produced by cathode rays. Plücker, first by himself and afterwards in conjunction with Johann Hittorf, made many important discoveries in the spectroscopy of gases. He was the first to use the vacuum tube with the capillary part now called a Geissler tube, by means of which the luminous intensity of feeble electric discharges was raised sufficiently to allow of spectroscopic investigation. He anticipated Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in announcing that the lines of the spectrum were characteristic of the chemical substance which emitted them, and in indicating the value of this discovery in chemical analysis. According to Hittorf, he was the first who saw the three lines of the hydrogen spectrum, which a few months after his death, were recognized in the spectrum of the solar protuberances. In 1865, Plücker returned to the field of geometry and invented what was known as line geometry in the nineteenth century. In projective geometry, Plücker coordinates refer to a set of homogeneous co-ordinates introduced initially to embed the set of lines in three dimensions as a quadric in five dimensions. The construction uses 2×2 minor determinants, or equivalently the second exterior power of the underlying vector space of dimension 4. It is now part of the theory of Grassmannians, to which these co-ordinates apply in generality (k-dimensional subspaces of n-dimensional space). He was born in Elberfeld,Duchy of Berg,Holy Roman Empire.16 June 1915 – John Tukey - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_TukeyJohn Wilder Tukey, American mathematician best known for development of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and box plot. The Tukey range test, the Tukey lambda distribution, the Tukey test of additivity, and the Teichmüller–Tukey lemma all bear his name. He is also credited with coining the term 'bit'. Early in his career Tukey worked on developing statistical methods for computers at Bell Labs where he invented the term "bit" in 1947. n 1970, he contributed significantly to what is today known as the jackknife estimation—also termed Quenouille–Tukey jackknife. He introduced the box plot in his 1977 book, "Exploratory Data Analysis". He is also the creator of several little-known methods such as the trimean and median-median line, an easier alternative to linear regression. He also contributed to statistical practice and articulated the important distinction between exploratory data analysis and confirmatory data analysis, believing that much statistical methodology placed too great an emphasis on the latter. Though he believed in the utility of separating the two types of analysis, he pointed out that sometimes, especially in natural science, this was problematic and termed such situations uncomfortable science. Tukey coined many statistical terms that have become part of common usage, but the two most famous coinages attributed to him were related to computer science. While working with John von Neumann on early computer designs, Tukey introduced the word "bit" as a contraction of "binary digit" The term "bit" was first used in an article by Claude Shannon in 1948. In 2000, Fred Shapiro, a librarian at the Yale Law School, published a letter revealing that Tukey's 1958 paper "The Teaching of Concrete Mathematics" contained the earliest known usage of the term "software" found in a search of JSTOR's electronic archives, predating the OED's citation by two years. This led many to credit Tukey with coining the term, particularly in obituaries published that same year, although Tukey never claimed credit for any such coinage. In 1995, Paul Niquette claimed he had originally coined the term in October 1953, although he could not find any documents supporting his claim.The earliest known publication of the term "software" in an engineering context was in August 1953 by Richard R. Carhart, in a RAND Corporation research memorandum. He was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts.16 June 1909 – Archie Carr - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_CarrArchie Fairly Carr, Jr., American herpetologist,ecologist and a pioneering conservationist. He was a Professor of Zoology at the University of Florida. In 1987 he was awarded the Eminent Ecologist Award by the Ecological Society of America. He made extraordinary contribution to sea turtle conservation by way of bringing attention to the world's declining turtle populations due to over-exploitation and loss of safe habitat. He started out as a high school science teacher before becoming a college professor. He published numerous books and articles, including Ulendo: Travels of a Naturalist in and out of Africa, High Jungles and Low, So Excellent a Fishe (about his green turtles), The Windward Road and several Time-Life books such as The Everglades and The Reptiles. He was also the author of the Handbook of Turtles, and with Coleman J. Goin, Guide to the Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes of Florida. While a serious scientific and nature writer, he also had a remarkable sense of humor, which led him to publish the parody of scientific taxonomic keys - his A Subjective Key to the Fishes of Alachua County, Florida, affectionately known as the "Carr Key". Carr was also known for his efforts in conservation, especially for sea turtles, helping convince Costa Rica to establish Tortuguero National Park in 1975. He was a co-founder of the Caribbean Conservation Corporation, which helps to save and monitor sea turtles in Tortuguero,Costa Rica. He was often joined in his conservation work by his wife Marjorie Carr, who was a major advocate for conservation in her own right. In 1952 Carr was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. He was born in Mobile, Alabama.Events of Interest16 June 1884 – The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-roller-coaster-in-america-opensKnown as a switchback railway, it was the brainchild of LaMarcus Thompson, traveled approximately six miles per hour and cost a nickel to ride. The new entertainment was an instant success and by the turn of the century there were hundreds of roller coasters around the country. For five cents, riders would climb a tower to board the large bench-like car and were pushed off to coast 600 ft (183 m) down the track to another tower. The car went just over 6 mph (9.7 km/h). At the top of the other tower the vehicle was switched to a return track or "switched back" (hence the name). The new entertainment was an instant success and by the turn of the century there were hundreds of roller coasters around the country.16 June 1911 – IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York. - http://www.techgetz.com/history-of-ibm/In 1911 the company that leased Unit record equipment, especially Hollerith punched cards and card readers to government bureaus and insurance agencies, became the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). Thomas J. Watson (1874-1956) took over in 1924, using the name “International Business Machines.” IBM expanded into electric typewriters and other office machines. Watson was a salesman and concentrated on building a highly motivated, very well paid sales force that could craft solutions for clients unfamiliar with the latest technology. His motto was “THINK”; customers were advised to not “fold, spindle or mutilate” the delicate cardboard cards.16 June 2012 – The United States Air Force's robotic Boeing X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth after a classified 469-day orbital mission. - https://www.space.com/16110-secret-x37b-space-plane-landing.htmlThe unmanned X-37B spacecraft, also known as Orbital Test Vehicle-2 (OTV-2), glided back to Earth on autopilot, touching down at California's Vandenberg Air Force Base at 5:48 a.m. PDT (8:48 a.m. EDT, 1248 GMT). The landing brought to an end the X-37B program's second-ever spaceflight, a mission that lasted more than 15 months with objectives that remain shrouded in secrecy. The X-37B stayed in orbit for 469 days this time, more than doubling the 225 days its sister ship, OTV-1, spent in space last year on the program's maiden flight. Officials at Vandenberg said the spacecraft conducted "on-orbit experiments" during its mission. Exactly what the spacecraft, which is built by Boeing, was doing up there for so long is a secret. The details of the X-37B's mission, which is overseen by the Air Force's Rapid Capabilities Office, are classified, as is its payload. This secrecy has led to some speculation, especially online and abroad, that the X-37B could be a space weapon of some sort — perhaps a sophisticated satellite-killer. Some experts also suspect that the vehicle may be an orbital spy platform. "This is a test vehicle to prove the materials and capabilities, to put experiments in space and bring them back and check out the technologies," Richard McKinney, the Air Force's deputy undersecretary for space programs.16 June 2016 – Shanghai Disneyland Park, the first Disney Park in Mainland China, opens to the public - https://www.dw.com/en/distinctly-chinese-disneyland-opens-in-shanghai/a-19332984Shanghai Disney Resort, the first Disney resort in Mainland China and the sixth worldwide, celebrated its historic Grand Opening today, culminating one of Disney's most ambitious projects ever. The wonder and imagination of Disney greeted the people of China in magical new ways as the gates opened to Shanghai Disneyland, a theme park like no other with the biggest, tallest castle in any Disney park, the first pirate-themed land and Disney's most technologically advanced park to date. Walt Disney Co. CEO Bob Iger and Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang cut a red ribbon together, signaling the Communist Party's endorsement of the $5.5 billion (4.87 billion euro) resort - one of the largest foreign investments in China. The lavish ceremony featured a children's choir singing "When You Wish Upon a Star," as well as actors dressed as Sleeping Beauty, Donald Duck, and other Disney characters dancing on stage. The entrance of the park is called "Mickey Avenue" instead of "Main Street USA." Stores feature Minnie Mouse in traditional quipau dresses and the Wandering Moon Teahouse is modeled after a building in eastern China. Shanghai Disney Resort is filled with immersive Disney storytelling, thrilling attractions, spectacular live entertainment and memory-making experiences designed to inspire and delight Chinese guests. The world-class vacation destination includes a magical theme park with six themed lands, two imaginatively designed hotels, a Disneytown shopping and dining district, and Wishing Star Park recreational area.IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes -https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS -http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/nerds_amalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comSupport via Podhero- https://podhero.com/podcast/449127/nerds-amalgamatedRate & Review us on Podchaser - https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/nerds-amalgamated-623195

In vielen Spielen steckt Mathematik, seien es Minecraft, Wasserraketen oder Tiptoi. Lisa Mirlina und Felix Dehnen haben sich Qwirkle (ein Spiel der Schmidt Spiele von Susan McKinley Ross) einmal ganz genau angesehen. Die beiden konnten als Teilnehmer des Hector-Seminar an einem Kooperationsprojekt mit der Fakultät für Mathematik am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) teilnehmen. Hier betreute sie Prof. Dr. Frank Herrlich in dem Projekt auf der Suche nach der perfekten Qwirkle-Lösung- wofür die beiden ihm ganz herzlich danken. Das Legespiel war 2011 Spiel des Jahres und besteht aus 108 Spielsteinen aus sechs verschiedenen Farben und sechs verschiedenen Formen- jede Kombination kommt dabei dreimal vor. Jeder Spielteilnehmer versucht aus seinen eigenen sechs nachzuziehenden Spielsteinen gleiche Formen oder gleiche Farben auf dem Tisch in Reihen zusammenzulegen. Wie bei Scrabble gibt es für jedes Anlegen Punkte- es müssen aber alle entstehende Reihen korrekt sein- von Farbe oder Form, wie bei Mau-Mau oder Domino. Das Spielziel ist eine möglichst hohe Anzahl von Punkten zu erreichen. Den mathematischen Hintergrund zum Spiel fanden die beiden in der Topologie: Auf einem Tisch kann man höchstens 36 Steine perfekt anordnen- auf einer anderen topologischen Struktur eventuell mehr. Mit Hilfe von Verklebungen kann man zu Flächen wie beispielsweise auf einem Torus gelangen- wenn man die jeweils die gegenüberliegenden Seiten miteinander verklebt: Auf einem Torus haben wirklich alle Steine vier Nachbarn- und nicht nur die Steine im Inneren. Die Frage ist nun, ob es möglich ist, eine Fläche zu finden, wo jeder der 108 Steine in genau zwei perfekten Qwirkle-Reihen- also jeder Form oder Farbe- liegen kann. Neben einem Torus kann man durch Verkleben aus einem Quadrat oder Rechteck auch die Sphäre, das Möbiusband, die Projektive Ebene oder die Kleinsche Flasche erzeugen. Dabei sind das Möbiusband, die projektive Ebene und die Kleinsche Flasche nicht mehr orientierbar, da man keinen Normalenvektor angeben kann. Die projektive Fläche hat in ihrer Darstellung durch homogene Koordinaten eine wichtige Anwendung in der Computergrafik, da Verschiebungen auch als lineare Abbildungen umgesetzt werden können und die gesamte Berechnung deutlich erleichtert. Auch frühere Folgen zu Teichmüllerkurven (Modell042) und wilden Singularitäten (Modell060) haben im Modellansatz Podcast Topologie und Verklebungen behandelt. Die Topologie ist dabei überhaupt nicht so theoretisch, wie sie zunächst erscheint- denn da wir nicht auf einer Ebene oder flachen Erde leben, können wir einmal um die Erde herumgehen, und nach langem Weg wieder an dem gleichen Ort wieder ankommen. Wir können auch andere Winkelsummen von Dreiecken bestimmen. Diese Experimente können wir beim Universum leider nicht leicht durchführen, und so ist die Forschung nach der Topologie des Universums sehr aktuell. In der Topologie können Flächen bzw. zwei topologische Räume als äquivalent angesehen werden, wenn sie durch eine Homöomorphie, also durch eine stetige und stetig umkehrbare Abbildung in einander überführt werden können. So ist eine Tasse (mit einem Henkel) zu einem Torus homöomorph- nicht jedoch zu einem Becher ohne Henkel. Dies führt auf das interessante Gebiet der topologischen Klassifikation der Flächen, denn man kann durch eine genügend feine Unterteilung der Fläche in beispielsweise Dreiecke, einer Triangulierung, zusammen mit einigen Regeln die Art der Fläche bestimmen. Dies führt auf den verallgemeinerten Satz von Euler für orientierbare Flächen, wo die Zahl der Ecken, die Zahl der Flächen, die Zahl der Kanten und das Geschlecht bezeichnet: Das Drei Häuser-Problem ist ein Knobelrätsel zu diesem Satz, da das Problem auf einer Ebene oder eine Sphäre nicht lösbar ist, jedoch auf dem Torus eine Lösung besitzt. Für das Qwirkle-Spiel liefert der Dreifach-Torus (oder eine Brezel) eine Lösung für 8 Steine, wo jeweils zwei Steine doppelt sind und daher auf einem Tisch nicht so anzuordnen wären: Für 18 Steine haben sie eine unsymmetrische Lösung gefunden, die sich nicht so leicht auf mehr Steine erweitern ließ: Mit der Treppenstruktur wie bei 8 Steinen mit einer 9er Struktur kann man aber eine Lösung aus 108 Steinen konstruieren: Nach dem Satz von Euler ist diese Lösung auf einer Fläche, die einem Fünf-Torus entspricht- oder einer Brezel mit zwei Löchern zu viel. Dies ist aber nicht die einzige Lösung für 108 Steine- mit Gruppentheorie kann man nach weiteren Lösungen suchen: Denn so, wie die Steine sich nach Verklebung in einer Richtung wiederholen, so können auch Gruppen genau diese Wiederholungen darstellen. Ein sehr einfaches Beispiel ist die zyklische Gruppe aus drei Elementen 0, 1, 2, die man mit der Addition verknüpft, und bei Ergebnissen über 2 wieder drei abzieht, wie man in dieser Verknüpfungstafel ablesen kann: +012001211202201Auf drei Elementen kann man aber auch die Symmetrische oder Permutations-Gruppe definieren: In dieser sind alle möglichen sechs Vertauschungen bzw. Permutationen von den drei Elementen enthalten. Ein anderer Ansatz ist es, die drei Elemente als Ecken eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks zu sehen und alle Rotationen oder Spiegelungen zur Dieder- oder Symmetriegruppe definieren. Im speziellen Fall von drei Elementen stimmen die beiden Gruppen mit je sechs Abbildungen überein, d.h. : Durch das direkte Produkt von drei Symmetriegruppen erhält man eine Gruppe mit 216 Elementen, unter Festhalten des Signums (bzw. Vorzeichen), kann man durch Faktorisierung eine Untergruppe mit 108 Elementen bestimmen- die Qwirkle-Gruppe. Aus dieser Gruppe kann man nun wieder eine Fläche erzeugen, die das perfekte Qwirkle-Spiel mit 108 Steinen mit vollkommen symmetrischen Aufbau ermöglicht: Die Fläche dieser Lösung hat das Geschlecht 37, ist also äquivalent zu einer Tasse mit 37 Henkeln. Mit diesem Projekt starteten Lisa Mirlina und Felix Dehnen bei Jugend forscht- zunächst beim Regionalentscheid, dann beim Landesentscheid und schließlich dem Bundeswettbewerb. Sie gewannen den Preis der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV) für besonders kreativen Einsatz der Mathematik. Und dann ging es als Delegation nach Japan. Literatur und Zusatzinformationen L. Mirlina, F. Dehnen: Qwirkle, Abschlussbericht im Hector-Seminar, 2014. J. Stillwell: Classical topology and combinatorial group theory, Vol. 72. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. W. Lück: Topologie, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 40, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2014.

Jonathan Zachhuber war zum 12. Weihnachtsworkshop zur Geometrie und Zahlentheorie zurück an seine Alma Mater nach Karlsruhe gekommen und sprach mit Gudrun Thäter über Teichmüllerkurven. Kurven sind zunächst sehr elementare ein-dimensionale mathematische Gebilde, die über den komplexen Zahlen gleich viel reichhaltiger erscheinen, da sie im Sinne der Funktionentheorie als Riemannsche Fläche verstanden werden können und manchmal faszinierende topologische Eigenschaften besitzen. Ein wichtiges Konzept ist dabei das Verkleben von Flächen. Aus einem Rechteck kann man durch Verkleben der gegenüberliegenden Seiten zu einem Torus gelangen (Animation von Kieff zum Verkleben, veröffentlicht als Public Domain): Polynome in mehreren Variablen bieten eine interessante Art Kurven als Nullstellenmengen zu beschreiben: Die Nullstellen-Menge des Polynoms ergibt über den reellen Zahlen den Einheitskreis. Durch Ändern von Koeffizienten kann man die Kurve verformen, und so ist die Nullstellenmenge von eine Ellipse. Über den komplexen Zahlen können diese einfachen Kurven dann aber auch als Mannigfaltigkeiten interpretiert werden, die über Karten und Atlanten beschrieben werden können. Das ist so wie bei einer Straßenkarte, mit der wir uns lokal gut orientieren können. Im Umland oder anderen Städten braucht man weitere Karten, und alle Karten zusammen ergeben bei vollständiger Abdeckung den Straßenatlas. Auch wenn die entstehenden abstrakten Beschreibungen nicht immer anschaulich sind, so erleichtern die komplexen Zahlen den Umgang mit Polynomen in einem ganz wichtigen Punkt: Der Fundamentalsatz der Algebra besagt, dass der Grad des Polynoms gleich der Anzahl der Nullstellen in ihrer Vielfachheit ist. Also hat nun jedes nichtkonstante Polynom mindestens eine Nullstelle, und über den Grad des Polynoms wissen wir, wie viele Punkte sich in der Nullstellenmenge bewegen können, wenn wir an den Koeffizienten Veränderungen vornehmen. Eine gute Methode die entstehenden Flächen zu charakterisieren ist die Bestimmung möglicher geschlossener Kurven, und so gibt es beim Torus beispielsweise zwei unterschiedliche geschlossene Kurven. Die so enstehende Fundamentalgruppe bleibt unter einfachen Deformationen der Flächen erhalten, und ist daher eine Invariante, die hilft die Fläche topologisch zu beschreiben. Eine weitere wichtige topologische Invariante ist das Geschlecht der Fläche. Die Teichmüllerkurven entstehen nun z.B. durch das Verändern von einem Koeffizienten in den Polynomen, die uns durch Nullstellenmengen Kurven beschreiben- sie sind sozusagen Kurven von Kurven. Die entstehenden Strukturen kann man als Modulraum beschreiben, und so diesen Konstruktionen einen Parameterraum mit geometrischer Struktur zuordnen. Speziell entstehen Punkte auf Teichmüllerkurven gerade beim Verkleben von gegenüberliegenden parallelen Kanten eines Polygons; durch Scherung erhält man eine Familie von Kurven, die in seltenen Fällen selbst eine Kurve ist. Ein Beispiel ist das Rechteck, das durch Verkleben zu einem Torus wird, aber durch Scherung um ganz spezielle Faktoren zu einem ganz anderen Ergebnis führen kann. Die durch Verklebung entstandenen Flächen kann man als Translationsflächen in den Griff bekommen. Hier liefert die Translationssymmetrie die Methode um äquivalente Punkte zu identifizieren. Für die weitere Analyse werden dann auch Differentialformen eingesetzt. Translationen sind aber nur ein Beispiel für mögliche Symmetrien, denn auch Rotationen können Symmetrien erzeugen. Da die Multiplikation in den komplexen Zahlen auch als Drehstreckung verstanden werden kann, sind hier Rotationen als komplexe Isomorphismen ganz natürlich, und das findet man auch in den Einheitswurzeln wieder. Literatur und Zusatzinformationen A. Zorich: Flat Surfaces, Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics and Geometry, On Random Matrices, Zeta Functions, and Dynamical Systems, Ed. by P. Cartier, B. Julia, P. Moussa, and P. Vanhove. Vol. 1. Berlin: pp. 439–586, Springer-Verlag, 2006. M. Möller: Teichmüller Curves, Mainly from the Viewpoint of Algebraic Geometry, IAS/Park City Mathematics Series, 2011. J. Zachhuber: Avoidance of by Teichmüller Curves in a Stratum of , Diplomarbeit an der Fakultät für Mathematik am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2013. C. McMullen: Billiards and Teichmüller curves on Hilbert modular surfaces, Journal of the AMS 16.4, pp. 857–885, 2003. C. McMullen: Prym varieties and Teichmüller curves, Duke Math. J. 133.3, pp. 569–590, 2006. C. McMullen: Dynamics of SL(2,R) over moduli space in genus two, Ann. of Math. (2) 165, no. 2, 397–456, 2007. Weitere Paper von C. McMullen, u.a. The mathematical work of Maryam Mirzakhani Podcast: Modellansatz 040: Topologie mit Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Lück

Enriquez, B (University of Strasbourg) Thursday 18 April 2013, 16:00-18:00

Merkulov, S (Stockholm University) Tuesday 15 January 2013, 14:00-17:00

Lochak, P (Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu) Tuesday 08 January 2013, 14:00-15:00

In dieser Arbeit werden Deformationen Riemannscher Flächen auf elementare Weise mittels Integration von Vektorfeldern konstruiert. Diese Deformationen werden zum feinen Modulraum der Riemannschen Flächen mit Teichmüller-Markierung zusammengeklebt. Die Vorgehensweise unterscheidet sich wesentlich von den analytischen Beweisen Teichmüllers und den algebraisch geometrischen Beweisen Grothendiecks.