Podcasts about Cholera

"Müll: Eine schmutzige Geschichte der Menschheit" – öffentliche Radio-Aufzeichnung mit Roman Köster und Uwe Kullnick(Hördauer ca. 75 Min.)SHORTLIST FÜR DEN DEUTSCHEN SACHBUCHPREIS 2024Mensch und Müll – das ist eine lange und innige Beziehung. Bereits die Neandertaler haben Dinge für nutzlos befunden, aussortiert und weggeworfen. Das alte Rom kämpfte ebenso mit Müllproblemen wie die Metropolen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Doch alles verblasst hinter den Abfallbergen der Gegenwart. Anhand der Produktion von und dem Umgang mit Müll schreibt Roman Köster eine erhellende Geschichte unserer Spezies und zeigt, wie sich das Leben mit dem Abfall von der Sesshaftwerdung bis heute verändert. Sein Buch bietet die erste durchgehend schmutzige Geschichte der Menschheit, denn weggeworfen wird immer.In der Vormoderne waren Abfälle vor allem ein praktisches Problem. Sie lagen herum, rochen schlecht und behinderten den Verkehr. Im Zuge des starken und weltweiten Städtewachstums seit dem späten 18. Jahrhundert stieg die Aufmerksamkeit für durch Abfälle erzeugte hygienische Probleme, die die Ausbreitung von Typhus oder Cholera begünstigten. Heute hingegen ist der Müll von einer Frage städtischer Sauberkeit zu einem globalen Umweltproblem geworden. In seiner Globalgeschichte des Mülls von der Frühgeschichte bis heute geht Roman Köster den Ursachen dieser Entwicklungen nach und zeigt, wie sich das Wegwerfen, Entsorgen und Wiederverwerten im Lauf der Geschichte verändert hat. Denn der Müll und der Versuch, ihn zu beseitigen, prägten das Gesicht der Siedlungen und Städte sowie das Leben ihrer Bewohner – von der Steinzeit bis heute.Weggeworfen wird immerLeben mit Müll – von der Sesshaftwerdung bis heuteWie der Umgang mit Abfall das Gesicht der Siedlungen und Städte prägte – und das Leben ihrer BewohnerEine Geschichte des Wegwerfens, Entsorgens und RecyclensVon den Abfallproblemen alter Städte zu den Müllbergen der GegenwartVorgeschichte und Ursachen der aktuellen Umweltprobleme …Roman Köster ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und hat sich über die deutsche Abfallwirtschaft nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg habilitiert.Wenn Ihnen dieser Beitrag gefallen hat, hören Sie doch auch einmal hier hineinoder vielleicht in diese SendungKommen Sie doch auch einfach mal zu unseren Live-Aufzeichnungen nach SchwabingRedaktion und Realisation Uwe Kullnick

Myanmar quake: Airstrikes continue despite ceasefire, says OHCHRSudanese suffering continues amid massive destruction across Khartoum: IOMCholera is surging globally, warns UN health agency 

Meg hears of Ed Koch's favorite moment in history: the Transit Strike of 1980. Jessica visits one of the rare triangle buildings in the city which has always existed to help New Yorkers in need. PLUS Meg and Jessica discuss Cynthia Weiner's novel about a girl coming of age in NYC in the ‘80s: A Gorgeous Excitement.Please check out our website, follow us on Instagram, on Facebook, and...WRITE US A REVIEW HEREWe'd LOVE to hear from you! Let us know if you have any ideas for stories HEREThank you for listening!Love,Meg and Jessica

Xiaoping Fang (Monash University) comes on the podcast to discuss his recent book about cholera's role in mid-20th century China. Fang begins by discussing cholera broadly before moving to focus on its role in China, primarily through examining it as a public health event. Although the mortality of the cholera epidemic was not very high, it was more important in restructuring the Chinese sociopolitical system while also restablishing its legitimacy. Fang touches upon the differential impact of the pandemic and state response on urban and rural Chinese populations. Finally, the conversation moves to Covid and potential linkages between both disease events.

Five years ago, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Since that time, the world has changed dramatically, from the way we think about public health to the way we socialize to the way we watch movies. But those changes haven't had the same impact on everyone. This hour, we’re talking about COVID-19’s impact on existing inequities. We talk about the diverse experiences of disabled people over the last five years, and take a broader look at the history of health and race. GUESTS: Mara Mills: Associate Professor and Ph.D. Director in the Department of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University. She is Co-Founder and Director of the NYU Center for Disability Studies. She co-edited the recent book How to be Disabled in a Pandemic. Edna Bonhomme: Historian of science. Her new book is A History of the World in Six Plagues: How Contagion, Class and Captivity Shaped Us, from Cholera to COVID-19. To learn more about public health and COVID-19, you can listen to our episode reflecting on four years since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A History of the World in Six Plagues: How Contagion, Class, and Captivity Shaped Us, from Cholera to COVID-19 by Edna Bonhomme Amazon.com Ednabonhomme.com A deeply reported, insightful, and literary account of humankind's battles with epidemic disease, and their outsized role in deepening inequality along racial, ethnic, class, and gender lines—in the vein of Medical Apartheid and Killing the Black Body. Epidemic diseases enter the world by chance, but they become catastrophic by human design. With clear-eyed research and lush prose, A History of the World in Six Plagues shows that throughout history, outbreaks of disease have been exacerbated by and gone on to further expand the racial, economic, and sociopolitical divides we allow to fester in times of good health. Princeton-trained historian Edna Bonhomme's examination of humanity's disastrous treatment of pandemic disease takes us across place and time from Port-au-Prince to Tanzania, and from plantation-era America to our modern COVID-19-scarred world to unravel shocking truths about the patterns of discrimination in the face of disease. Based on in-depth research and cultural analysis, Bonhomme explores Cholera, HIV/AIDS, the Spanish Flu, Sleeping Sickness, Ebola, and COVID-19 amidst the backdrop of unequal public policy. But much more than a remarkable history, A History of the World in Six Plaguesis also a rising call for change.ABOUT Edna Bonhomme is a historian of science, culture writer, and journalist based in Berlin, Germany. She writes cultural criticism, literary essays, book reviews, and opinion pieces. Her writing explores how people navigate the difficult states of health—especially subjects that discuss contagious outbreaks, medical experiments, reproductive assistance, or illness narratives. She is a contributing writer for Frieze Magazine. Her writing has appeared in Al Jazeera, The Atlantic, The Baffler, Berliner Zeitung, Esquire, Frieze, The Guardian, London Review of Books, The Nation, Washington Post, among other publications.

Die gesondheidministerie het 'n cholera-geval in die Kunene-streek bevestig – die eerste een in die land in 10 jaar. Die ministerie beklemtoon dat sterk maatreëls in plek is om die situasie te bestuur. Volgens berigte is daar tans 'n cholera-uitbreking in die suide van Angola. Kosmos 94.1 Nuus het met Ben Nangombe, die uitvoerende direkteur van gesondheid, gepraat.

More than two thousand people are now battling the deadly disease as it sweeps through the country - which is already suffering through what has been called the most devastating humanitarian crisis in the world. The country is caught in a ruinous civil war as the armed forces battle a paramilitary group called the Rapid Support Forces or RSF. Sudan's Country Director for Save the Children Mohamed Abdi-ladif spoke to Leiataualesa Susana Lei'ataua.

Today we uncover an invisible killer hidden, for over a hundred years, by reasonable disbelief. Science journalist extraordinaire Carl Zimmer tells us the story of a centuries-long battle of ideas that came to a head, with tragic consequences, in the very recent past. His latest book, called Airborne, details a  largely forgotten history of science that never quite managed to get off the ground. Along the way, Carl helps us understand how we can fail, over and over again, to see a truth right in front of our faces. And how we finally came around thanks to scientific evidence hidden inside a song.EPISODE CREDITS:Reported by - Carl ZimmerProduced by - Sarah Qariwith mixing help from - Jeremy BloomFact-checking by - Natalie MiddletonEPISODE CITATIONS:Books -  Check out Carl Zimmer's new book, Airborne (https://zpr.io/Q5bdYrubcwE4).Articles -  Read about the study on the Skagit Valley Chorale COVID superspreading event (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32979298/).Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today.Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

On Daybreak Africa: Sudanese health officials said on over 400 cases of cholera had been detected in the southern city of Kosti, following a reported drone attack on a nearby power station. Plus, an explosion Thursday at an M23 rally in the eastern DRC city of Bukavu has killed 11 people and injured 65 others. Splinters within the international community are evident at a G20 Finance Ministers Meeting in South Africa. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control marked its 20th anniversary Thursday. Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed visited neighboring Somalia to improve relation. President Trump and Elon Musk defend US government cuts amid some push-back. For these and more, tune in to Daybreak Africa!

Wir machen in dieser Folge einen kleinen Galopp durch die Jahrtausende, und sehen uns an, wie sich Menschen von der Frühgeschichte bis ins 20. Jahrhundert gereinigt haben. Dabei sprechen wir über äußere und innere Reinigung, warum im antiken Griechenland eine regelrechte Hygienewissenschaft entstand und weshalb sich manche Gläubige im Mittelalter absichtlich von Insekten anfressen ließen. // Erwähnte Folgen - GAG36: Eine sehr kurze Geschichte des Deodorants – https://gadg.fm/36 - GAG462: Die Schlacht an den Thermopylen oder Das erste letzte Gefecht der Geschichte – https://gadg.fm/432 - GAG472: Die Antoninische Pest – https://gadg.fm/472 - GAG466: Julia Felix und das Ende Pompejis – https://gadg.fm/466 - GAG73: Ludwig XIV. und seine pikante Operation – https://gadg.fm/73 - GAG314: Eine kurze Geschichte der Cholera – https://gadg.fm/314 - GAG23: Ziemlich beste Feindschaft oder Die Anfänge der Bakteriologie – https://gadg.fm/23 - GAG263: Lavoisier und die Entdeckung des Sauerstoffs – https://gadg.fm/263 // Literatur - Curtis, Valerie A. „Dirt, Disgust and Disease: A Natural History of Hygiene“. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61, Nr. 8 (August 2007): 660–64. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.062380. - History Today. „The Flies, Fleas and Rotting Flesh of Medieval Monks“. Zugegriffen 17. Februar 2025. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/flies-fleas-and-rotting-flesh-medieval-monks. - Virginia Smith. Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity. OUP Oxford, 2007. Das Episodenbild zeigt einen Ausschnitt des in der Folge erwähnten Stichs von Albrecht Dürer "Das Männerbad". Alle Infos zu Fragen und Audiobeiträgen für die 500. Folge gibt's hier: https://www.geschichte.fm/allgemein/jubilaeumsfolge-gag500/ //Aus unserer Werbung Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/GeschichtenausderGeschichte //Wir haben auch ein Buch geschrieben: Wer es erwerben will, es ist überall im Handel, aber auch direkt über den Verlag zu erwerben: https://www.piper.de/buecher/geschichten-aus-der-geschichte-isbn-978-3-492-06363-0 Wer Becher, T-Shirts oder Hoodies erwerben will: Die gibt's unter https://geschichte.shop Wer unsere Folgen lieber ohne Werbung anhören will, kann das über eine kleine Unterstützung auf Steady oder ein Abo des GeschichteFM-Plus Kanals auf Apple Podcasts tun. Wir freuen uns, wenn ihr den Podcast bei Apple Podcasts oder wo auch immer dies möglich ist rezensiert oder bewertet. Wir freuen uns auch immer, wenn ihr euren Freundinnen und Freunden, Kolleginnen und Kollegen oder sogar Nachbarinnen und Nachbarn von uns erzählt! Du möchtest Werbung in diesem Podcast schalten? Dann erfahre hier mehr über die Werbemöglichkeiten bei Seven.One Audio: https://www.seven.one/portfolio/sevenone-audio

Health Minister Kwabena Mintah Akandoh has been instructed to appear before Parliament within the week. He is required to provide a detailed briefing on the recent outbreaks of cholera, cerebrospinal meningitis, and other public health emergencies in various regions of the country

Roman and Jason discuss the decline in measles mortality rates in the US which has fallen by 98% before the first measles vaccine was introduced in 1963. Roman shares data from US vital statistics data and a chart showing the decline and mortality rate for measles in the United States. They also discuss similar data from England, where measles and other health problems were a big killers in the early 20th century, but by the time the vaccines came out, there was almost a 100% decline in mortality. Roman explains that the mortality decline was not influenced by the vaccine at all, as it was due to poor living conditions and the introduction of clean water, sanitation, hygiene, improved nutrition, and a revolution in science. https://dissolvingillusions.com/ https://www.cdc.gov/ Save the date! April 4-6, 2025 Empowered Investor LIVE in Irvine, California https://empoweredinvestorlive.com/ Today's sponsor http://jasonhartman.com/connected offers real estate investors access to Connected Investors' PiN (Property Intelligence Network) software. This tool provides nationwide property data, including features like unlimited individual property skip tracing, comprehensive property reports, and a Contract Genie for generating legal documents. Subscription options are available on a monthly or annual basis, with the annual plan offering additional benefits such as a dedicated product specialist. The platform emphasizes its commitment to providing accurate, up-to-date information to assist investors in making informed decisions. Visit http://jasonhartman.com/connected today!  #vaccines #measles #disease #health #history #publichealth #sanitation #nutrition #DissolvingIllusions #RomanBystrianyk #vaccinationdebate #immunization #infectiousdiseases #mortalityrate #historicaldata #diseasereduction #naturalimmunity #healthfreedom Key Takeaways: 2:18 Meet Roman 2:51 Thesis of "Dissolving Illusions" 4:30 Vital Statistics rates in the US 1940-1960 and other charts https://dissolvingillusions.com/ https://www.cdc.gov/ 8:20 Life is the 1800s 11:46 Polio 13:27 The "V thing" and Pertussis Vaccine and the total deaths in England 15:43 Sponsor: JasonHartman.com/Connected 16:59 The autism connection and allergies  21:26 Whooping cough, scarlet fever, dihptheria, typhoid, TB, Cholera 25:19 Flu and The Amazing Decline 26:21 The Corona Vaccine    Follow Jason on TWITTER, INSTAGRAM & LINKEDIN Twitter.com/JasonHartmanROI Instagram.com/jasonhartman1/ Linkedin.com/in/jasonhartmaninvestor/ Call our Investment Counselors at: 1-800-HARTMAN (US) or visit: https://www.jasonhartman.com/ Free Class:  Easily get up to $250,000 in funding for real estate, business or anything else: http://JasonHartman.com/Fund CYA Protect Your Assets, Save Taxes & Estate Planning: http://JasonHartman.com/Protect Get wholesale real estate deals for investment or build a great business – Free Course: https://www.jasonhartman.com/deals Special Offer from Ron LeGrand: https://JasonHartman.com/Ron Free Mini-Book on Pandemic Investing: https://www.PandemicInvesting.com

Patronite: https://patronite.pl/obliczezbrodni https://buycoffee.to/obliczezbrodni "Twierdził, że znajduje się niedaleko Lyndwood Tavern. Po chwili, krzyknął: „Cholera”! Połączenie, które trwało 47 minut, nagle zostało przerwane…" obliczezbrodni@gmail.com

South Sudan is facing another deadly cholera outbreak, with over 24,500 suspected cases and nearly 500 deaths, according to charity Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). Overcrowding, poor sanitation and a lack of clean water are fuelling the crisis, while political instability and logistical challenges hinder the response. With a history of recurring outbreaks and 9 million people in need of aid, experts warn the situation could worsen. Africa Daily's Alan Kasujja speaks to Juba-based journalist Nichola Mandil and Dr. Harriet Akello Pasquale from South Sudan's Ministry of Health.

Noch nicht einmal die Wahl zwischen zwei gleich fatalen Übeln werden wir künftig mehr haben. Gute Zeiten, als man noch die Wahl zwischen Pest und Cholera hatte! Noch-Kanzler Scholz hatte zwar beschlossen, uns die Cholera – in Gestalt neuer Mittelstreckenraketen und Cruise-Missiles – ins Haus zu holen, uns aber wenigstens vor der Pest – einerWeiterlesen

Hello and welcome to another episode of Ohio Mysteries Backroads. In tonight's episode author Wendy Koile joins Doug and Dan as they discuss the Cholera Cemetery of Sandusky, Ohio. In 1849, a brutal and vicious cholera epidemic swept through the nation and the growing town of Sandusky was greatly impacted. Over half the town fled in terror and the brave souls that remained were left to deal with the horrors that came with the epidemic. Why didnt the man burying the bodies ever seem to contract the disease? Why were people slaughtering pigs in the cemetery? What happened to all the headstones? Learn all about these stories and more when you join us for this gripping episode! Author Wendy Koile's fantastic book Legends and Lost Treasure of Northern Ohio can be found here:https://www.amazon.com/Legends-Lost-Treasure-Northern-American/dp/1626192405/ref=sr_1_4?crid=ELA4HAZLHJW5&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.DwL0PVXwTG4pxGuBRur0ghocN6SbKN43yJJ7XLMCL5YotxRwFfWq4G1qKL9Ihu502gBfm33IGtwpaLzEfVMBoREheWvv2jQni0QarZzRJy_dHXU2bSlOJLLsG1fdBVQkA1dO9TTF7kHsaOhjl1ACQA.DvRs-d4W6LQVSUlUCwXvPkAU66Z0EHeJa-sUWxPGRWA&dib_tag=se&keywords=wendy+koile&qid=1736482331&sprefix=wendy+koile%2Caps%2C124&sr=8-4 Check out Wendy Koile's website for more: https://wendykoile.com Check out our Facebook page!: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61558042082494¬if_id=1717202186351620¬if_t=page_user_activity&ref=notif Please check other podcast episodes like this at: https://www.ohiomysteries.com/ Dan hosts a Youtube Channel called: Ohio History and Haunts where he explores historical and dark places around Ohio: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj5x1eJjHhfyV8fomkaVzsA Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Buckle up cult members, as we explore all of the potential sicknesses the CDC and the WHO are projecting could ravage the earth this year. Will it be: Disease X, Malaria, New World Screw Worm, Bird Flu (H5N1), M-Pox, Cholera, Dengue fever, and the scariest of all Mirror Bacteria! Mirror bacteria has the potential to end life on earth including plant, animals, and human!To sign up for our Patreon go to-> Patreon.com/cultofconspiracypodcast   To Join the Cajun Knight Patreon---> Patreon.com/cajunknight  To Find The Cajun Knight Youtube Channel---> click here 10% OFF Rife Machine---> https://rifemachine.myshopify.com/?rfsn=7689156.6a9b5c   To find the Meta Mysteries Podcast---> https://open.spotify.com/show/6IshwF6qc2iuqz3WTPz9Wv?si=3a32c8f730b34e79   50% OFF Adam&Eve products---> :adameve.com (promo code : CULT)To Sign up for our Rokfin go to --> Rokfin.com/cultofconspiracy   Cult Of Conspiracy Linktree ---> https://linktr.ee/cultofconspiracyBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/cult-of-conspiracy--5700337/support.

Folge 407: Silvester Untertitel: Der schlimmste Tag des Jahres um zu feiern. Diese Folge musste solange in mir gären, dass sie letzte Woche ausfallen musste. Das Ergebnis: Die mit Abstand beste Folge des Jahres. Ich liefere mehr als eindeutige Gründe warum alles an diesem Fest schlimmer ist als Cholera und Pest zusammen. Viel Freude beim Hören! Prost Neujahr! Episodenbildprompt: Erstelle ein Bild von zusammengewürfelten langweiligen Paaren, die zusammen Silvester feiern, bevor Melanie um 00:51 ihren psychichschen Rotkäppchen Lebenskrise Meltdown bekommt.... Alle Inhalte und Empfehlungen auf http://www.bensprichtpodcast.de Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2QgN7R9 Exklusive Inhalte: https://www.patreon.com/bensprichtpodcast Schick mir ein Danke via Paypal an: https://www.paypal.me/bensprichtpodcast Geschenkliste: https://amzn.to/36Z7JpM

In this episode, I explore the history of the Michigan Cholera outbreak in 1832 in Marshall and also look at the Grand Experiment by Dr. John Snow in 1854 in London, England to isolate the cause of the disease. Information in this episode comes from a video by Dr. John Campbell, which you can see here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAQ3yE9cxpQ For more information on Michael Delaware, visit: https://MichaelDelaware.com

A UN-led mass vaccination campaign in underway in northeast Syria's notorious Al Hol camp complex to protect the nearly 40,000 people being detained there from a cholera outbreak.For years, Al Hol has housed Syrians, Iraqis and other third country nationals linked to – or impacted by – the country's long civil war, which ended with the ousting of President Bashar al Assad in late November.Among those being held are hundreds of family members of alleged terrorist fighters from ISIL and other groups.With more on the campaign, which has been happening with the blessing of Damascus's caretaker authorities and local administrators in northeast Syria, Khourchid Hassan – a health and nutrition officer with the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) – has been speaking to UN News's Daniel Johnson.

Matters Microbial #72: Who is in Your Water? January 2, 2025 Today, Dr. Ameet Pinto, Carlton S. Wilder Associate Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss the microbiome of drinking water and how it can be used to optimize safety and health.  Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Ameet Pinto Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode A short review of a famous article by Dr. Norman Pace about the microbiome of showers and how microbial populations differed due to chlorination. An old discussion of microbial oligotrophy:  the ability to survive on very low levels of nutrients. The story of John Snow, a water fountain, and cholera in England. The concept of “Live/Dead” staining of microbes. An overview of the concept of metagenomics. An article on the microbiome of shower hoses. A public science outreach program to study the microbiome of showerheads. The Instagram link for Dr. Pinto's wonderful cat, Nessie. A great book describing exceptions to Mendelian genetics using cats:  “Cats Are Not Peas.”  Highly recommended. An article about water supplies and the pathogenic microbe Legionella. An overview of water disinfection techniques. An introduction to a model system of a microbial soil community, called THOR by Jo Handelsman and colleagues. Thinking of water treatment and related technologies as a series of ecological niches, via Tom Curtis and Bill Sloane. Dr. Pinto's faculty website. Dr. Pinto's deeply fascinating research group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

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The Furnace Of AfflictionIsaiah 48:10 “See, I have refined you, though not as silver; I have tested you in the furnace of affliction.”This is a verse that most of us probably don't like. No one wants to be tested in the furnace of affliction. No one wants to face affliction at all, and yet this is where we grow the most. Do we need to have affliction and trouble in our lives to grow? No, God could just give us all that we need without affliction. God can do whatever He wants. However, He knows if He gives it to us, then we won't appreciate it; we will take it for granted, and we will waste it.This is true with most things. If we are handed everything we ever need and want from our parents, then we won't appreciate what we have, and we probably won't appreciate all they do for us. We will take it for granted because we don't know anything else. How do I know that God knows this? First, He knows everything. Second, He has seen it in his people time and time again. Remember the Israelites that were saved from Egypt? God saved them in a miraculous way from the years of slavery that they had endured. He saved them, and then he provided food for them every single day. However, because it happened every single day, they started to take it for granted. They decided they would rather be in captivity and have more variety in food than continue to be free and eat this miraculous bread from heaven.Can you think of a time in your life when you didn't have to work for something, and you took it for granted? What about the opposite? You had to work really hard for something, and you appreciated it so much more.  Another example that just came to mind was water. In America, everyone I know has more water than they know what to do with. Some pay for water, and some have a well. Either way, they don't work super hard for their water. Because of this, I have seen a lot of waste when it comes to water, especially in my family. We don't understand the value of water because we have never gone without water. It has always been right at our fingertips. We currently don't pay for water either because we have a well. I have seen my kids turn the water on to heat up and then not get in it for 10 minutes or more. Can you imagine how much water we are wasting, just letting it run down the drain?I know we are not the only people to do this, either. What about all the water bottles we start to do but then don't finish? I can just imagine what the people in Africa would say or think if they could see all the ways we waste water in America. Globally, more than 1 million people die each year from a lack of access to safe water and sanitation. Unsafe water is a leading risk factor for infectious diseases, including Cholera, Diarrhea, Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and Polio. I find it so hard to understand how there can still be this many people without safe water around the world. I think it can be so easy to think that everyone has the things that you have because you have always had them. You have never known anything different.I think if we lost power in our houses for a week, or if we lost water for a week, we would have a new appreciation for these things. If we had to grow our own fruits and vegetables instead of just buying them at the store, then we might appreciate them a bit more and not waste them. How many of us buy fresh vegetables with every intention of eating them and then wind up throwing them away because they went bad before we could eat them? I think if we had to do without them for a while, or if they were harder to get, we might appreciate them more.The same is true with the afflictions we encounter in our lives. Affliction means any pain or suffering we have had to endure. Today's verse tells us that we are refined through the furnace of these afflictions. We all want to be refined. We want to grow closer to the Lord. We want to grow more into who the Lord is calling us to be, and yet we don't want the afflictions. Who wants to endure pain and suffering? Who wants to be in a furnace? Can't we just be refined without all that? Yes, but this is how God has chosen to refine us. This is for our own good.I was just listening to a sermon by Steven Furtick from Elevation Church the other night while driving home. He said that there was a false article written about their church a few years ago saying that they fake Baptisms. He was not happy about the article, and it was a really stressful time for him and the church. However, now that they are through it, He said he is glad it was written. The reason he said this is because the church was refined through this adversity. When the article was written, they were doing Baptisms at their church once or twice a year. Since that article was written, they now do Baptisms every single week. Was the affliction they had to go through fun? No! But they did grow from it, and God brought a blessing from their church out of it.Think back to some of the hardest times in your life. Are you different now because of them? Are you stronger in some way? Can you see how God used that affliction to refine you? God most likely didn't cause the affliction, yet He allowed you to go through it because He knew He could use it to refine you. He knew He could use it to make you a better person, a better parent, spouse, partner, son, daughter, sibling or wherever else He wanted you to grow.I know adversity and affliction is hard. I know it is not something we look forward to. However, I wonder how differently we would handle affliction if we were able to shift our mindset about it? I wonder how different of an experience it would be if we went into curious and even excited about how God was going to use this to help us grow. If we were able to keep our eyes on Jesus while in the middle of the pain and the suffering and try to find where He is using it to help refine us. Things tend to be easier if we can find meaning in them. Maybe that meaning isn't coming from the situation, but how God is using the situation to refine us make us better?Dear Heavenly Father, I ask you to bless all those listening today. Lord, help us see how you are using our painful situations to refine us. Help us to look at our situation with new eyes. Help us to be curious and excited, not for the pain and suffering but for the new growth in us that came because of this suffering. Lord, help us to remember we are never alone, and you are always right there with us as we go through any adversity. We love you, Lord, and we ask all of this in accordance with your will and in Jesus's holy name, Amen!Thank you so much for joining me on this journey to walk boldly with Jesus. Mentoring for the new year starts one week from tomorrow. The theme for January is Identity, and you won't want to miss it. I pray it will change how you see yourself. I pray you will understand who you are as a child of God. I look forward to meeting you here again tomorrow. Remember, Jesus loves you just as you are, and so do I! Have a blessed day!Today's Word from the Lord was received in June 2024 by a member of my Catholic Charismatic Prayer Group. If you have any questions about the prayer group, these words, or how to join us for a meeting, please email CatholicCharismaticPrayerGroup@gmail.com. Today's Word from the Lord is, “My children, I am with you always. Come to me. Do not be afraid. I am always with you.” www.findingtruenorthcoaching.comCLICK HERE TO DONATECLICK HERE to sign up for Mentoring CLICK HERE to sign up for Daily "Word from the Lord" emailsCLICK HERE to sign up for my newsletter & receive a free audio training about inviting Jesus into your daily lifeCLICK HERE to buy my book Total Trust in God's Safe Embrace

I had to wait until December 19th, but I finally got my greatest belly laugh of 2024 courtesy of Ghosts. In "A Very Arondekar Christmas Part 1,” while attempting to fix the water heater, Sam and Jay (Utkarsh Ambudkar) suffer a shock, sparking another possession. Pete (Richie Moriarty) possesses Jay while Rose McIver's Sam, a certified people-pleaser with a big heart who's often quite concerned about what others think of her, is possessed by Betsy Sodaro's Nancy, the super brash Cholera ghost who marches to the beat of her own drum to the fullest. Not only is the idea genius, but McIver and Sodaro's execution of the concept is brilliant.In celebration of the release of the double dose of Christmas special episodes, McIver returned to Collider Ladies Night to look back on some pivotal moments of her career, like working with her acting coaching and moving to Hollywood, and to dig into two unforgettable aspects of these new episodes — McIver channeling Sodaro's one-of-a-kind work as Nancy, and Jay finally being able to see the ghosts. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Your daily news in under three minutes. At Al Jazeera Podcasts, we want to hear from you, our listeners. So, please head to https://www.aljazeera.com/survey and tell us your thoughts about this show and other Al Jazeera podcasts. It only takes a few minutes! Connect with us: @AJEPodcasts on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Threads and YouTube

Cholera scare, WhatsApp hacking, a new Labor Minister, EU funding, VP plane crash findings, and much more! Thanks for tuning in!Let us know what you think and what we can improve on by emailing us at info@rorshok.com You can also contact us on Instagram @rorshok_malawi or Twitter @RorshokMalawiLike what you hear? Subscribe, share, and tell your buds.We want to get to know you! Please fill in this mini-survey: https://forms.gle/NV3h5jN13cRDp2r66Wanna avoid ads and help us financially? Follow the link: https://bit.ly/rorshok-donateOops! It looks like we made a mistake. In 0:26, the reader should have said "remnants."Sorry for the inconvenience!

Zurzeit läuft bei uns ein Lehrbeispiel für praktische Demokratie ab. Die SPD hat eigentlich einen Kanzler und damit hätte sie auch ganz selbstverständlich für die Bundestagswahl am 23. Februar 2025 einen Kanzlerkandidaten: Scholz. – Die Wahl zwischen den beiden ist aus meiner Sicht wie die Wahl zwischen Pest und Cholera. Aber das sehen offensichtlich einigeWeiterlesen

The great Debbie Millman is the guest of the second special live episode of Parola Progetto live at Salotto in New York.Designer, writer, educator, artist, curator, Debbie is internationally known as the host of the podcast Design Matters, the absoulte benchmark for all design podcasts, and of course the inspiration behind Parola Progetto.We discuss about success and fear of change, long lasting projects and the need to be fast, touching on politics, education and the role of AI in design. Debbie also introduces us to the essence of creativity, and the importance of courage over confidence.The links of this episode:Salotto, a hub for cultural research and production run by NYC-based Italian creative professionals https://salotto.nycDesgin Matters, Debbie Millman's podcast https://www.designmattersmedia.com"Love means never having to say you're sorry." a quote is from the movie "Love Story" (1970) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Story_(1970_film)The Apple "1984" commercial by Ridley Scott https://youtu.be/ErwS24cBZPc?si=NJ1_bj79-ysV-V6dThe comic strip "Brenda Starr, Reporter" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Starr,_ReporterThe magazine Commercial Article, where Debbie wrote about Brenda Starr https://www.commercialarticle.com/product/16-dale-messick-brenda-starr“Love letters to what we hold dear” by Debbie Millman at TED https://www.ted.com/talks/debbie_millman_love_letters_to_what_we_hold_dear"Design Counts", Michael Beirut's postcards which highlighted the importance of design using the butterfly ballot from the 2000 U.S. presidential election. https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2016/05/04/how-michael-bierut-debbie-millman-and-special-guests-design-and-style"Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body", by Roxane Gay https://roxanegay.com/books/hunger"Love in the Time of Cholera", by Gabriel Garcia Marquez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_in_the_Time_of_Cholera

Lindsay and Madison discuss La Patasola, as well as how to become the villain even if you're the victim, that you should avoid the jungles of South America at night, and why you should avoid cheating on your significant other at all costs. Information pulled from the following sources: 2022 J.A. Hernandez post 2020 Atlas Obscura article by Dan O'Sullivan 2020 Random Times article by Danilo G. 2019 Ancient Pages post by A. Sutherland 2018 Ancient Origins article by Ashley Cowie 2017 Under the Influence Blog post Calameo (La Patasola: The Transformation of a Woman Victim of the Cholera of Love) The Demonic Paradise Wiki Villains Fandom Wiki Wikipedia Send us your listener questions to bit.ly/AskYOC. Go check out our friend Scarlett over at the Missing Magnolias podcast, which is part of the Darkcast Network. Become a member on Buy Me A Coffee for as little as $1/month to support the show.  Get your groceries and essentials delivered in as fast as 1 hour via Instacart. Free delivery on your first 3 orders. Min $10 per order. Terms apply. You can write to us at: Ye Olde Crime Podcast, PO Box 341, Wyoming, MN 55092. Join the conversation over at the Cultiv8 Discord and join the Olde Crimers Cubby to chat with us and other listeners of the show. Leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, Podchaser, Spotify, Podcast Addict, Audible, or Goodpods! Don't forget to follow us on Twitter, Instagram, Threads, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Goodbye, Eyeball Fall; hello, Cannibal-tober!(?) We'll workshop it. Special guest J.H. Markert (aka James Markert) joins the Squad to revisit 1991's The Silence of the Lambs and talk about his latest novel, Sleep Tight! We talk about why Hannibal is so iconic (“the late, great Hannibal Lecter,” anyone?), the interplay between trauma and horror, getting inside the mind of a killer, and LGBTQ+ representation in the early 90s. Next we pepper James with questions about his new novel, Sleep Tight (a September Book of the Month pick!), in a spoiler-free interview. Speaking of scary things, Spooktober is back on the Book Squad Blog! Go check that out for more spooky season content. Join us on October 29th for Mary's triumphant return to discuss even MORE spooky content – The Familiar by Leigh Bardugo. Then go watch Bride & Prejudice for our next Othersode featuring Tirzah Price, author of In Want of a Suspect, on November 12th!TOC::30 – Welcome, James! 14:35 – What makes this story so appealing? 25:45 – How do trauma and mental illness inform the story?32:10 – Why are we all so obsessed with serial killers?39:50 – Transness and LGBTQIA+ issues in Silence of the Lambs53:03 – Interview with James Markert! 1:36:17 – What's on the blog? What's up next?Links: https://screenrant.com/silence-of-the-lambs-buffalo-bill-lgbtq-controversy/

On Daybreak Africa: Burkina Faso's military junta has suspended Voice of America's broadcast for three months over its coverage of militant violence in the country and in neighboring Mali. Plus, Kenya's Parliament impeaches Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua. Mozambicans vote in their presidential election, including in the country's volatile Cabo Delgado Province. President Biden postpones his visit to Angola because of Hurricane Milton. The United States announces $7.5 million funding to support Sudanese refugees in Uganda. Uganda marks its 62nd anniversary of independence Wednesday. Cholera cases and deaths surge in Nigeria. For these and more, tune in to Daybreak Africa

This week, I am revisiting our talk about the mafia in Italy with a better look at the Camorra - who are they? When did they begin? And what role do they play today? A quick episode to give you an overview of this Italian organized crime group. Some resources I mention: Gomorra -Roberto Saviano (Book & Movie, not the series)§ *Robinu Naples in the Time of Cholera* by Frank M. Snowden *History of the Mafia* and *The Two Mafias* by Salvatore Lupo Mafia Republic, by John Dickie *See Naples and Die* by Tom Behan il Camorrista Fortapa'sc If you enjoyed the episode, and show, please leave us a 5 ⭐️ rating, it means a lot! Thanks for listening to the Real Life in Italy. This podcast is for foreigners living in Italy, who are all just trying to make sense of it all. Listen in to learn all about a side of living in Italy everyone else forgot to tell you about. But don't expect us all to be better, I promise. Expect some good laughs, helpful tips and cultural explanations, and expat stories to remind you that you aren't alone, and it'll all work out. Learn more about Evelyn at www.collineallemontagne.com www.instagram.com/collinemontagne You can show your support by buying me a glass of wine, I always appreciate it: www.buymeacoffee.com/colline

Also known as “The Beautiful, One-Legged Protector of the Andes,” La Patasola is a vengeful spirit that targets men, especially those trying to exploit the natural world  for their own personal gain –  like hunters, miners and loggers. For Further Reading:  The Lonely Duck La Patasola Is the Vengeful Protector of the Andes The Patasola: archetypal roots of the feminine identity in exile in a Columbian myth La Patasola: The Transformation of a Woman Victim of the Cholera of Love La Patasola of South American Folklore October is the perfect time to delve into all things spooky. So this month, we're talking about the women who give us goosebumps. Some are real-life creators of spine-chilling works of fiction. Others are the subjects of frightening folklore. Either way, these Scream Queens are sure to give you a scare. History classes can get a bad rap, and sometimes for good reason. When we were students, we couldn't help wondering... where were all the ladies at? Why were so many incredible stories missing from the typical curriculum? Enter, Womanica. On this Wonder Media Network podcast we explore the lives of inspiring women in history you may not know about, but definitely should. Every weekday, listeners explore the trials, tragedies, and triumphs of groundbreaking women throughout history who have dramatically shaped the world around us. In each 5 minute episode, we'll dive into the story behind one woman listeners may or may not know–but definitely should. These diverse women from across space and time are grouped into easily accessible and engaging monthly themes like Educators, Villains, Indigenous Storytellers, Activists, and many more. Womanica is hosted by WMN co-founder and award-winning journalist Jenny Kaplan. The bite-sized episodes pack painstakingly researched content into fun, entertaining, and addictive daily adventures. Womanica was created by Liz Kaplan and Jenny Kaplan, executive produced by Jenny Kaplan, and produced by Grace Lynch, Maddy Foley, Brittany Martinez, Edie Allard, Lindsey Kratochwill, Adesuwa Agbonile, Carmen Borca-Carrillo, Taylor Williamson, Sara Schleede, Paloma Moreno Jimenez, Luci Jones, Abbey Delk, Hannah Bottum, Lauren Willams, and Adrien Behn. Special thanks to Shira Atkins. Original theme music composed by Brittany Martinez. Follow Wonder Media Network: Website Instagram Twitter See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

this week, we're snuggling up with our latest TV obsession, The Secret Lives of Mormon Wives—trust us, it's the perfect binge for those cozy nights in (we also chat about other series we're loving right now that you won't want to miss) we share our beauty products/tips that we are adding to our daily routines. plus, Leo dives into journaling to create some warm and inviting routines... and of course, we chat about the coziest autumnal drinks that feel like a warm hug in a mug. get comfy and join us for a little autumnal morning chat

in this episode you can live follow along leo going through a 3-day funk. we talk all about what to do when you're also feeling the 'sad girl autumn' vibes, as well as some other random reflections on getting older... grab a hot drink & get cosy with us

in our fourth episode of our autumn diaries series we have a proper deep dive into the autumnal books we've read & our tbr list hehe grab a hot drink & get cosy with us

Andrew and Lee talk with Christine and Cynney about the Haiti cholera outbreak Cynney Walters: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cynney-walters-763111190 Walters et al, "Genome sequences from a reemergence of Vibrio cholerae in Haiti, 2022 reveal relatedness to previously circulating strains" https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/jcm.00142-23

What sickness is going around right now? Is bird flu worse in fall? What is sloth fever? How is cholera transmitted? When is respiratory virus season 2024? AMA's Vice President of Science, Medicine and Public Health, Andrea Garcia, JD, MPH, covers the latest outbreak news today and discusses new viruses going around 2024. American Medical Association CXO Todd Unger hosts.

Trump Dogfight Haiti UN Cholera Blues By Matthew Russell Lee, Inner City Press, September 14, 2024 Trump Verdict Book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D5QW4RB9 Sentencing put off, but then the question of pets Appeal of Engoran, inquest into his debts Sudden care for Haiti, but what about the UN? Peacekeeper cholera, never welcome again Gag order, contempt, possible jail time It's not a red, for now it's a blue line Sarb-Ox in the mix, two counts out in Atlanta In raising tax on Zyn, hipster says Walz was no Santa Not just the battlegrounds, he's coming to Long Island When November 6 comes, who will then be smiling? Gag order, contempt, possible jail time It's not a red, for now it's a blue line Carroll v Trump Trial audio/book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CTFPXKGM Trump Trial: The Verdict, audio / book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D5QW4RB9 Trump Trial: Stormy, audio / book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D3XRBQG5 Stories:   On UN Impunity For Bringing Cholera To Haiti Cert Petition to US Supreme Court Filed As Banned Inner City Press Asks UN https://www.innercitypress.com/haiti1cholerasupctcertpet060419.html Trump Asked to Remove NY Bragg Case to SDNY Now Stay Request Denied as Academic https://www.innercitypress.com/sdnybrief8trumpappealicp090624.html Trump Appeal after Carroll Trial Puts Access Hollywood Not as Propensity But Confession https://www.innercitypress.com/trump17carrollicp090524.html NYS Removal of Kennedy from Ballot Challenged in SDNY Argument https://www.innercitypress.com/sdny87carterkennedynysicp090424.html Trump Again Asked to Remove NY Bragg Case to SDNY Which Says Leave or Consent Needed https://www.innercitypress.com/sdnybrief3trumpbraggicp083024.html After Butler PA Shooting 5 Hours of UN Silence Unlike Slovakia Ecuador and Hamas UNanswered https://www.innercitypress.com/ungate1butlerpaicp071324.html In Trump Trial Michael Cohen Outing 14 Year Old Prank Caller to Keith Schiller Ups Volume https://www.innercitypress.com/trumptrial16cohen3icp051624.html X / Twitter: https://twitter.com/innercitypress/status/1788924925077578139 Threads: https://www.threads.net/@innercitypressinsta/post/C6ggnyOu7-v Substack: https://matthewrussellleeicp.substack.com/p/extra-at-trump-trial-stormy-daniels Patreon (support, docs) https://www.patreon.com/posts/order-as-delgado-103502175 Paperback TRUMP TRIAL CIRCUS: Davidson and Hope, Info Broker and Press Secretary Testify on Stormy & McDougal - third in a series, with courtroom analysis and more: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D39TBQ7R Trump Trial: Pecker  e-book 100 pages, 2 hours audio, Audible: https://www.audible.com/pd/Audiobook/B0D2NYCVYD Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D2NM4RZ3 Carroll v Trump Trial audio/book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CTFPXKGM

The idea of “backwardness” often plagues historical writing on Russia. In Russia in the Time of Cholera: Disease under Romanovs and Soviets (Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), Dr. John P. Davis counteracts this “backwardness” paradigm, arguing that from the early 19th to the early 20th centuries, Russian medical researchers—along with their counterparts in France and Germany—were at the forefront of the struggle against cholera. Davis' birds-eye view of this hundred-year period illustrates that the conditions allowing cholera to flourish were the same set of conditions that helped create the collapse of the tsarist regime during the First World War. Credit for elimination of cholera must go to the Bolsheviks, both for implementing tsarist-era medical theory, and especially for making war on cholera in a organized, systematic manner that the old regime was variously unable or unwilling to achieve. Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The idea of “backwardness” often plagues historical writing on Russia. In Russia in the Time of Cholera: Disease under Romanovs and Soviets (Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), Dr. John P. Davis counteracts this “backwardness” paradigm, arguing that from the early 19th to the early 20th centuries, Russian medical researchers—along with their counterparts in France and Germany—were at the forefront of the struggle against cholera. Davis' birds-eye view of this hundred-year period illustrates that the conditions allowing cholera to flourish were the same set of conditions that helped create the collapse of the tsarist regime during the First World War. Credit for elimination of cholera must go to the Bolsheviks, both for implementing tsarist-era medical theory, and especially for making war on cholera in a organized, systematic manner that the old regime was variously unable or unwilling to achieve. Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Aid teams highlight dangers of new cholera outbreak in SudanGaza: First polio case is confirmed in war-shattered enclaveA top rights committee urges UK to do more to tackle hate speech

It's been remarkable watching the Democratic Party act like a political party this past month — a party that makes decisions collectively, that does hard things because it wants to win, that is more than the vehicle for a single person's ambitions. But parties are made of people. And in the weeks leading up to President Biden's decision to drop out of the race, it felt like the Democratic Party was made of one particular person: Nancy Pelosi. Two days after Biden released a forceful letter to congressional Democrats insisting he was staying in the race, the former speaker went on “Morning Joe” and cracked that door back open. And Pelosi has pulled maneuvers like this over and over again in her political career. When an opportunity seems almost lost, she simply asserts that it isn't and then somehow makes that true. Sometimes it seems like Pelosi is one of the last people left in American politics who knows how to wield power.Pelosi has a new book, “The Art of Power: My Story as America's First Woman Speaker of the House,” and I wanted to talk to her about her role in Biden's decision to drop out and what she's learned about power in her decades in Congress.Book Recommendations:The Island of the Day Before by Umberto EcoLove in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García MárquezThe Age of Wonder by Richard HolmesThoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Elias Isquith. Fact-checking by Kate Sinclair and Mary Marge Locker. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show's production team also includes Annie Galvin, Michelle Harris, Rollin Hu and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Jonah Kessel, Emily Holzknecht, Kristen Cruzata and Sonia Herrero.

Last time we spoke about the Anti-Fengtian War. The Anti-Fengtian War included two major theaters, the Zhejiang-Fengtian War and the Guominjun-Fengtian War. Within China's north, Feng Yuxiang brokered many sneaky deals with other warlords, trying to bring down Zhang Zuolin. One of these warlords was the disgruntled Guo Songling who led a brave or some would say idiotic rebellion, striking at the heart of the Fengtian empire. Feng Yuxiang failed to really exploit Guo Songling's actions, and Wu Peifu ended up joining Zhang Zuolin, simply out of spite for Feng Yuxiang. The war between the Guominjun and Fengtian soon fell apart for Feng Yuxiang as his forces were gradually dislodged from the Beijing area into northwest China. In an ironic case of deja vu, Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu found themselves again working together in Beijing. Little did they know, while they had been fighting in the north, it was the south where real danger lay.   #110 The Northern Expedition Part 1: Invading Hunan Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So we have now come to a point where the warlord era takes a sharp turn. While we have been talking about countless wars between numerous factions, this is basically the end game as they say. I have no idea how many episodes it will take, so I apologize in advance, but we are going to be covering the Northern Expedition. I've probably mentioned it a hundred times by this point, the northern expedition. Dr Sun Yat-Sens brainchild, put simply build an army and march north to reunify China. Sounds kind of insane given the disparity in strength between whose in the north and south eh?  Facing what can only be described as staggering odds, the Kuomintang over in their separate government based out of Guangzhou suddenly began the most incredible military expedition of the warlord era. On the verge of disintegration with inadequate materials, most of which were coming from the Soviets, the military campaign was a gamble to say the least. Chiang Kai-Shek was ultimately counting on the weakness of his enemies rather than his own NRA forces. His Soviet advisors all told him not to do it, that it would be a terrible blunder. Now if you open up text books, read contemporary buzzfeed like artiles or watch youtube shorts, they would have you believe the northern expedition was this easy sweep northward led by a vanguard of Communist propagandist forces. In reality it was a series of hard fought battles where either side could have knocked out the other completely.  Now for most of its life, this Guangzhou based cabal that the KMT were in control of, had always been on the defensive. For the most part their secure powerbase was Guangdong and from there they would gradually conquer region after region, one by one. Something that can truly be said about the KMT, unlike the other factions, take the Fengtian or Zhili for example was its strong sense of having an ideology and its charismatic strong man at the head of its army. There was of course personal armies within the NRA, they were more or less a confederation, but the ideology of the KMT glued them all together. The other factions, perhaps excluding the Guominjun, simply did not have this. There was a shared concern that the political make up of China needed to be democratic and not devolve into the traditional or imperial autocracies that had plagued China for so long.  The first region Chiang Kai-Shek would target would be the rich middle Yangtze provinces of Hubei and Hunan, both of which had recently come back under the dominion of the Jade Marshal Wu Peifu. The route the NRA would take would be through Hunan and Hubei, down the Yangtze and up into the North China plain before finally marching upon Beijing. Ironically it was an identical path, one Hong Xiuquan once took when he rallied the Taiping against the Qing Dynasty. To first invade Hunan, Chiang Kai-Shek faced a rather daunting task. He did not have the military power to simply defeat the warlords of the province. He needed to exploit the political scene within it. Prior to the northern expedition, Hunan was dominated by northern warlords who were alien to the southern province. This of course antagonized the local populations creating an unstable political environment. This was something the KMT could manipulate. The KMT's nationalistic ideology was something that could potentially win over allies or weaken petty warlords rule. The KMT could exploit local interests and provincialism, self rule movements and such. When the KMT looked at Hunan they could see an ongoing power struggle. The Hunanese gentry class was being kept alive purely upon a desire for provincial autonomy. The governor Chao Hengti, a Hunanese native was subordinate to Wu Peifu, a Shandong native. By 1926 a conflict had emerged between 4 Hunanese divisional commanders. Chao Hengti favored Yue Kaixin the strongest of them controlling the Hunanese 3rd division. Chao Hengti sought to weaken the rest and used Yue to weaken the second largest 4th division led by Tang Shengchih.Tang Shengchih dominated southwestern Hunan and went on the defensive when he figured out the Governor and Yue were after him. The KMT noticed this over in Guangdong. Now political intervention in Hunan required personal connections. Within the KMT party membership were Hunanese civilians and military officials. This was one of the great strengths of the KMT as a clique, how their political membership transcended provincial or regional bases. Similar to the CCP, who had those like Mao Zedong working with the rural masses in Hunan, the KMT had ties to those at some of the top echelons of the province's power structure. One leading KMT figure who pushed for the northern expedition was Tan Yenkai who also had been the governor of Hunan after the 1911 revolution. He had always maintained an interest in Hunan and while in Guangdong had rallied a 15,000 men strong force of Hunanese troops, now renamed the 2nd army of the NRA. Prior to 1926 Tan Yenkai had already led one military campaign to retake Hunan for Dr Sun Yat-Sen. Back in 1924, when Sun Yat-Sen was trying to form a coalition with northern powers, Tan Yenkai launched a rather ill-conceived and short lived campaign, trying to bolster Sun's position in Beijing. Another commander in Jiangxi had pushed Tan Yenkai's force back into Guangdong and the failure provided quite the lesson, that one should also exploit the political realm alongside the military.  By spring of 1926 Chiang Kai-Shek and his top subordinates began planning an invasion of Hunan. Aside for the ex-governor Tan Yenkai, the KMT also had ties to Tang Shengchih. Liu Wentao and Chen Mingshu had been classmates of Tang Shengchih back at the Baoting Military academy in 1912. In 1925 they began reconnecting with the man, arranging a propaganda tour of the province. Liu Wentao, then a professor of political science, began touring China, lecturing all on the Three People's Principles of the KMT. Tang Shenchich went to one of these speeches and many of his men as well. There was also Pai Chungxi, another schoolmate of Tang Shenchih, the leader of the 7th Jiangxi Army of the NRA. The KMT also had loose connections with the hunan divisional commander Ho Yaotsu who was friends with Cheng Chien, a hunanese native and the commander of the 6th NRA army, primarily consisting of Hunanese troops. Now Chiang Kai-Shek began courting Governor Chao Hengti in June of 1926. He approached the man as a fellow member of the older Kuomintang party, pleading in a telegram that they should reunite into a new national movement. Obviously Chiang Kai-shek was making a powerplay to try and win over Hunan without shedding blood, he did not stop sending messages to the man even a week before the shells would fly. In southern Hunan at this time, Tang Shengchih was dominating the Hsiang valley with his 9000 man strong division. Tang Shengchih was a pretty intelligent player. He had numerous connections from his Baoting academy days and he managed to expand his domain to include 27 of Hunans 75 tax-collection districts. However by early 1926 Governor Chao had ordered all 4 Hunan divisional commanders to remit the local taxes they gathered to the provincial capital of Changsha. Obviously this was to centralize the power, and such revenue losses would strangle Tang Shengchih's power. So Tang Shengchih began talks with the KMT as early as february of 1926. It was a dangerous play, many had seen the numerous cases where inviting allies from another province only brought unwelcome guests. Perhaps Tang Shengchih believed by gaining some KMT support, he might be able to overpower Chao Hengti. But he was no idiot, he asked for KMT assurance he would fill the role of governorship and not someone like Tan Yenkai who indeed was lurking in the shadows. Tang Shengchih was given said assurance and signed an alliance treaty on February 24th. When Tang Shengchih unleashed his forces against Governor Chao Hengtai the same month, it was perfect timing. Wu Peifu was preoccupied in north China fighting Feng Yuxiang, thus the governor had no reinforcements. Threatened, Chao Hengti immediately fled Changsha, heading north. While this was occurring, Tang Shengchih labeled the governor nothing but a northern puppet of Wu Peifu. From February to March of 1926 Chiang Kai-Shek was still struggling for authority over the KMT to launch the Northern Expedition. Thus Tang Shengchih's rebellion had preceded it, and was done without KMT resources. Still feeling confident Tang Shengchih began marching into northern Hunan. Back over in Guangzhou, the KMT commissioner of foreign affairs notified everyone that Tang was doing this all on his own, none of their resources had reached him yet. When Tang Shengchih secured Changsha in mid march, a lot of the hunanese gentry began supporting his cause to be governor. Tang Shengchih's forces then overran Yochou along Hunan's northern border. Tang Shengchih had not yet accepted the governorship position, in march he was still looking to see how the KMT alliance would pan out. Yet in March tensions emerged within the KMT over the northern expedition The March 20th coup certainly expedited aid to Tang Shengchih. 5 Days after, Tang Shengchih accepted governorship and with his new position he proceeded to purge his political enemies from the provinces administration while installing his friends. By late March 1926, Wu Peifu finally responded to the threat to his hegemony over Hunan. He began threatening to return south with his Honanese troops. Now Wu Peifu's armies were still facing Feng Yuxiang at this time, but the KMT aid also had not come yet so Tang Shengchih paused. Tang Shengchih began playing down his ties to the KMT in responding to Wu Peifu, posing as a mere neutral. In early april of 1926, Feng Yuxiang had been cast out of the North China plain and now Wu Peifu had a free hand to play against the rebellion in Hunan. Tang Shengchih now under real threat, began recalling his regiments from northern Hunan and evacuated his forces from Changsha as he built a defense in his home valley.  To deal with the menace, Wu Peifu looked to find a Hunanese local to manage the province for him. Wu Peifu turned to the Hunanese 3rd division commander, Yue Kaixin, to make him military governor and commander of the 1st division, with Ho Yaotsu to be civil governor. However the Hunanese gentry cried out immediately at this, stating they would not allow him to overturn their authority. Thwarted, Wu Peifu reverted to violence to pacify the troublesome province. In May, Tang Shengchih suffered a major defeat and was forced to fall back on the defense as Wu Peifu's Hunanese allies were battering him. Until NRA forces advanced into the province, there was little hope for Tang Shengchih and his crumbling defenses within the Xiang valley. Thousands of men from the NRA's 4th and 7th armies began to arrive in late May, but even so they were outnumbered in southern Hunan. It was not until June 2nd, when Tang Shengchih finally caved and accepted the offer from Chiang Kai-Shek to be the commander of the 8th NRA army. Thus Tang Shengchih went from leading a division to an army and his regimental commanders became division commanders. It was also of course a substantial pay raise. This was the type of model the NRA would adopt throughout the Northern Expedition. If you can't beat them, buy them. Just a few days later, the NRA forces within Hunan accepted Tang Shengchih as their front line commander. Tang Shengchih then proclaimed he would head a provisional Hunan government as its governor in the name of the KMT government.  The KMT had done a lot to win over the Hunanese people. The Hunanese people wanted autonomy, so the KMT flouted notions of provincial autonomy with a federal system. It was a marriage of convenience. Another major carrot was promising to end the tyranny of the northern warlords and the exploitation of the foreign imperialists. Some began to refer to the Northern Expedition as the “anti-north campaign” and clearly the first target would be the warlord controlling Hunan, Hubei and Honan, the Jade Marshal. In July the 4th army divisions led by Chang Fangkuei and Chen Mingshu arrived at the front, thus the defense changed to offense. At this point Wu Peifu's armies were still too far in North China and his Hunan allies were now becoming overwhelmed by the NRA swarming out of Guangdong. Under these dire circumstance, Wu Peifu's appointed governor, Chao Hengti made a stand along the north banks of the Xiang, the Lien and Lu rivers. From late June to early July the NRA prepared to ford the Lien river sitting west of the Xiang and the Lu river to its east. Down the Xiang was Changsha. Facing the Lu river were two 4th army divisions and Yue Tings independent regiment and another Hunanese regiment. Over at the Lien river were Jiangxi troops of the 7th army alongside the remainder of Tang Shengchihs 8th army. As the first major offensive kicked out, Tang Shengchih was at the front raising morale for the Hunanese, which was very important, as do remember, all these forces coming out of Guangdong were alien Cantonese to them. A breakthrough emerged along the two-river lines with the 7th and 8th NRA armies over on the left wing on the 5th of July. By the 10th the 4th NRA Army engaged the enemy towards Changsha. Over in the east where Hunan bordered Jiangxi, a subordinate of Sun Chuanfang who controlled the lower Yangtze region was completely undisturbed by the NRA forces. Chiang Kai-Shek and his subordinates had given specific orders not to molest Sun Chuanfang, trying to avoid bringing him into the fight to join Wu Peifu. The NRA also profited off a recent flood of the Yangtze that had backed water up the streams of northern Hunan, hindering enemy communications. Wu Peifu was awaited reinforcements over at his HQ in Wuhan while his generals in Hunan faced the real threat of being encircled and annihilated. To Wu Peifu's western flank, two Guizhou warlords were watching the tide of battle. Wu Peifu was very aware of this and it threatened his western defensives. The season had also been a poor harvest, reducing food stuff for Hunan, a province that was already quite dependent on exports north in places like Wuhan. Even with his riverine navy, Wu Peifu could not hope to move enough foodstuff to his southern front. Another issue he faced was the passive resistance of Hunan's peasantry class who began hiding their produce from suppliers. The loss of the Lien-Lu River line left Changsha completely defenseless, so on July 11th the defenders simply withdraw further north of the city.  With the Guangdong and Juangxi forces entering Hunan, the NRA had gained enough manpower to begin advancing north. From July 11th after taking Changsha until mid August the front moved north only 50 miles. Delays occurred because reinforcements and war materials for the NRA could only be moved halfway up from Guangzhou by rail. Afterwards they had to travel over back-breaking terrain by foot. Soldiers and their hired coolies had to hand carry supplies and arms and this in turn limited the largest weaponry they could move, such as small field cannons which took entire teams of carriers. For those of you who don't know, I specialize in the Pacific War and I can certainly say, the Japanese forces in isolated islands, take Guadalcanal for example, saw this exact type of situation. Japanese artillery teams would have to disassemble artillery pieces and carry them by hand through rough jungles, often under starvation conditions. Not fun. The NRA during these circumstance, much like the Japanese in the 1940's in jungle terrain islands would suffer from terrible ailments, not malaria like the Japanese, but cholera. Cholera was taking a toll on the overheated and exhausted soldiers and civilian coolies. One Chen Kungpo wrote in his memoirs “that hundreds died daily in one mountain town on the route going north”. By August, both sides were gathering in strength along a new front, established near the Milo River. A military advisor wrote “Sometimes there are no provisions, my colleagues tear off some sort of grass, chew it and are full.” However the northern forces could not launch counterattacks without the full support of the Jade Marshall's main army who were still stuck in North China aiding Zhang Zuolin against the treacherous Feng Yuxiang. To remedy the two front situation, Wu Piefu tried but failed to secure loans and aid from his former protege, Sun Chuanfang, who honestly was more foe than friend now. Sun Chuanfang had basically taken the mantle as the strong Zhili leader and certainly did not want to share any of his newfound limelight. Alongside this the British turned a cold shoulder to Wu Peifu and the Japanese never liked him to begin with.  Despite some local floods and the cholera outbreak, Chiang Kai-Shek was able to arrive to Hengyang with over 100,000 NRA troops. These numbers had been recently bolstered by Guizhou warlords such as Peng Hanchang and Wang Tienpei who had watched eagerly the battles of the Lien-Lu line before tossing their lot in with the NRA. The Guizhou forces had marched into western Hunan clearing out pockets of resistance as they did. During the northern expedition, smaller warlords tended to simply defect or join the NRA when the NRA was winning. The NRA now prepared an offensive to break the Milo river line, also emboldened by the peasantry class who were very willing to work. The local floods in northern Hunan, combined with the droughts in southern Hunan had destroyed the peasants' fields, thus they needed to make money. The NRA exploited this to recruit soldiers and coolies en masse and this greatly improved their mobility.  By contrast, Wu Peifu's forces were low on ammunition, rations were also beginning to dwindle and the majority of the soldiers had not been paid in quite some time. In the NRA controlled areas, the Hunanese peasants were selling what produce they could spare, but the NRA were also being supplemented by rice carried from Guangdong. The NRA also made sure to pay coolies properly instead of Shanghai'ing them and did not plunder peasants' foodstuffs. This of course led to wide scale cooperation from the local population, something quite rare for the warlord era. A final conference was held at Changsha on August 12th between Chiang Kai-Shek, the top NRA commanders and Soviet advisors. By the 15th orders were dispatched for a general offensive against the Moli line with the objective of reaching Hubei. The NRA right wing also prepared to defend the army in cause Sun Chuanfang finally extended help to Wu Peifu from Guanxi. Chiang Kai-Shek was filled with excitement, for if successful, the NRA offensive would capture Wuhan and her incredible Hanyang Arsenal. Chiang Kai-Shek dispatched word to his generals before the battle. “The importance of this fight is not only in that it will decide the fate of the warlords. But, whether or not the Chinese nation and race can restore their freedom and independence hangs in the balance. In other words, it is a struggle between the nation and the warlords, between the revolution and the anti-revolutionaries, between the Three People's Principles and imperialism. All are to be decided now in this time of battle … so as to restore independence and freedom to our Chinese race”. The general plan of attack was to breach the Milo river line and quickly capture Wuhan. Speed and timing were critical factors. It was all basically a huge gamle. The NRA needed to secure Wuhan before Wu Peifu or Sun Chuanfang entered the war, thus preventing the NRA incursion into the Yangtze Valley. At the moment the NRA and their immeidate adversary in northern Hunan were around equal number, but if Sun Chuanfang entered the mix he had nearly double what Chiang Kai-Shek had. The 4th and 6th NRA armies made their crossing over the Milo on August 17th, successfully outflanking the enemy line and easing the way for the left wing of the 7th and 8th NRA armies to advance. By the 19th, Wu Peifu's troops were forced out of their trenches and only provided sporadic resistance as they withdrew into southern Hubei. During the two day retreat the northern forces had divided in two with the western flank taking refuse in Wu Peifu's naval stronghold of Yuehzhou. Its port was heavily fortified, however the recent floods had caused water from Dongting lake and the Yangtze to meet, ruining many of the fortifications. The NRA cut across Yuehzhou's railway link to Wuhan and surrounded it. Wu Peifu had frantically orders troops to hold the naval base, until he could detach himself from the Hobei operations to take personal command of the shit storm in Hunan. However during a meeting with Zhang Zuolin at Baoding, Wu Peifu received word his subordinates had simply taken all the naval vessels, riverine vessels and even sampans to head downstream for Wuhan. Yuehzhou fell with ease by the 22nd and Hunan was practically cleared of Wu Peifu's regular forces. Wu Peifu's navy contuined to fight the enemy, but all they could really do is harass NRA units along th baks of Dongting lake or the Yangtze. In response the NRA simply tosses fire rafts at them, a classic and age old tactic.  As the NRA chased the enemy, the local railway workers on lines heading into Hubei cooperated. The workers began cutting railway lines and telegraph lines to obstruct the enemy retreating from Yuehzhou. Entire trainloads of troops and war materials fell directly into the hands of the NRA. The end of August saw Chiang Kai-Shek's gamble pay off. Although Sun Chuanfang could pounce at any moment from Juangxi, the NRA had succesfully given a bloody nose to one warlord. The victory of the NRA over Hunan did not go unnoticed by the surrounding provinces warlords. Guizhou generals began joining the KMT as the war raged and the Milo river line fight influenced some generals under Sun Chuanfang to reconsider their loyalites. It was quite remarkable that Sun Chuanfangs decision to stay out of the immediate fight lost him the easiest chance of ending the NRA altogether. If Sun Chuanfang had intervened in the Hunan war, almost 100% he would have defeated Chiang Kai-Shek and easily march upon Guangzhou to end the first United Front. Losing Guangdong the KMT would have withered away, perhaps the CCP, would cower into the shadows awaited the right moment to pounce. Chiang Kai-Shek would not have withstood such a defeat, his leadership role would have been shattered. But such was not the case, Chiang Kai-Shek took Hunan and proved himself a new formidable player on the board. The Hunan campaign cost the NRA, but now they had the perfect base of operations and springboard for further offensives. By the end of August the NRA's intelligence reported Wu Peifu was advancing south to reinforce Wuhan, thus Chiang Kai-Shek tossed the dice of fate again. Advancing north against the three-city stronghold, was regiments of Chen Mingshu and Chang Fakuei's 4th Army. The withdrawal from the Milo river line had allowed Wu Peifu's Hubei forces to form a new line. The Guangzhou-Hankou railway followed a narrow land route between the Yangtze and highland ranges, crossing over multiple flooded bridgeheads. To further hinder the NRA's advance, the Hunanese had breached nearby dikes of the Yangtze. Then they heavily fortified the Tingszu Brigde with barbed wire and machine gun nests over its northern riverbank. The NRA vanguard attacked the stronghold on August 26th, coming to a abrupt halt. The NRA's superior mobility, aided by local boatsmen allowing the NRA right wing to head upstream and get around the enemy's flank. Likewise the NRA 4th army threatened the railway to Wuhan, making Wu Peifu's forces more vulnerable. The forces defending Wuhan were mainly the same troops who had fled Hunan, exhausted and demoralized. When the first attacks came upon the bridgehead, joined by flank attacks, the defensive line collapsed. During the night of the 26th the NRA stormed several strongpoints and outposts. Here again Wu Peifu's forces jumped onto any vessel they could get away with, or fled aboard the last trains heading north. The Tingszu bridge was captured, but at a bloody cost that would limit the NRA's ability to pursue the fleeing enemy. Once again the floods slowed the advance, alongside Wu Peifu's riverine vessels that continued to fire upon any NRA troops that ventured too close to waterways. Yet Wu Peifu's troops were running low on food while the NRA were accumulating more of it. As the NRA soldiers marched across the Tingszu bridge, locals flocked over to sell them foodstuff as by this time word had spread far about how the NRA paid for what they needed. On August 28th the NRA forces captured Xienning, but further north came across the Hesheng bridge. The bridge was heavily fortified and defended by forces under the personal command of Wu Peifu. Back on August the 25th and Hankou, Wu Peifu received word that Tingszu bridge had fallen, thus he quickened his advance to the front. He was shocked by the fall of the bridge and blamed his subordinates, labeling them cowards. When he arrived at Hesheng, Wu Peifu gathered his officers as he executed the commanders who lost the Tingszu bridge. He had with him mercenaries of the Big Swords Corps functioning as the executioners. On August 29th, Wu Peifu then went on the offensive and attacked the NRA vanguard, elements of Li Tsungjen's 7th Army just a bit due south of the Hesheng Bridge. His attack devastated the vanguard until the main bulk of the 7th and 4th armies arrived. Just before dawn on the 30th, Wu Peifu attacked the NRA's line of defense south of the bridge, probing for a weak point. He hit the 4th and 7th armies sectors, but was gradually met by artillery and rifle fire that took a heavy toll. Wu Peifu then had the Big Swords executioners clip more officers of their heads to boost morale. However as Wu Peifu continued to press his offensive his men eventually routed under pressure. His troops fled right over the Hesheng bridge allowing the 7th army to flank them further upstream where they took another smaller bridge and threatened his lifeline, the railway line to Wuhan.  By noon on the 30th, Wu Peifu's Hunanese and Hubei forces were in a general retreat heading north. Wu Peifu had just lost southern Hubei in what was an absolute clumsy miscalculation. During the retreat the NRA flank attack against his railway line saw them capture 3 trains full loaded with troops and arms. Over the course of the past weeks he had lost two bridgeheads seeing 1000 deaths, 2000 wounded and 5000 captured alongside all their weaponry. After the entire debacle, Wu Peifu began frantically pleading with Sun Chuanfang to come down the Yangtze to help him. But Sun Chuanfang made ambiguous responses and dragged his feet. As he did so the NRA fortified their defenses facing Juangxi. In full retreat Wu Peifu began breaching dikes behind his forces to slow down the NRA as they approached Wuchang, the capital of Hubei. He left a force of 10,000 men to defend the city behind its sturdy walls as he ferried the rest of his men to Hankou. Once his forces landed on the other side of the Yangtze he had half of them take up positions to defend the Hanyang Arsenal, while the others defended Hankou, which served as his new HQ. By September his forces from Honan began to arrive.  On August 31st, Chen Mingshu's 4th army was in hot pursuit of the enemy. His vanguard took a vantage point near Wuchang as reconnaissance investigated the city. On September 2nd, the NRA unleashed frontal assaults to probe its defenses, but they lacked any heavy artillery to actually back up a real attack. As a result the NRA suffered heavy casualties before pulling back to establish a proper siege. Meanwhile by september 5th, Hanyang was also surrounded.  Defending Hanyang was a Hubei division led by Liu Tsolung who placed artillery on some fortified high points. When the NRA was just about to launch an assault, suddenly Liu Tsolung, overseeing the majority of Hanyangs defenses defected and helped capture the city and its arsenal. It was a tremendous blow to Wu Peifu as the NRA vanguard was now bypassing Hanyang to threaten his railway link to Honan. Wu Peifu tried to salvage the units he had left to mount a last ditch defensive line over the border hills between Hubei and Honan. Wu Peifu had now withdrawn to the Wushen pass lying on the border, hoping to hold out as more of his Honanese forces advanced south. Yet once again the NRA's superior mobility deprived Wu Peifu of enough time to dig into the pass. After a few assaults, Wu Peifu lost the pass and was driven further back into Honan. The walled city of Wuchang could not be taken as easily as Hanyang or Hankou. Wu Peifu and his men would defend it for well over a month. The NRA did not have proper siege weapons, and the threat of Sun Chuanfang loomed over them.Yet Wu Peifu had not expected Hunan and Hubei to fall so quickly and had not prepared his capital for a long siege. He had 10,000 soldiers, hundreds of thousands of civilians locked within its walls. There were also foreigners within the city and foreign gunboats. The threat of international intervention loomed upon the actions of the NRA. Chiang Kai-Shek telegrammed his foreign minister that a communique should be sent out to inform the world powers “… on the matter of protecting foreign nationals, I have already informed the armies to observe my prohibition against the military occupying or obstructing affairs in foreign-established churches, schools, and the like….” Chiang Kai-Shek personally overlooked the siege to make sure no foreigners were molested.  Just to clear up something that might be confusing some of you, Wuchang refers to one of the 13 urban districts of the capital of Hubei, Wuhan. Now back in mid August, Chiang Kai-Shek called for the capture of Wuhan at Changsha and he had made secret negotiations with Sun Chuanfang to get him to sit out the war. Sun Chuanfang had been quite ambiguous about what he would do, but it was known to NRA intelligence he was massing troops along the borders of Jiangxi and Fujian. Sun Chuanfang made up the excuse he was simply defending his territory from NRA aggression. Apparently Chiang Kai-Shek offered a nonaggression pact and an open invitation to join the KMT, but Sun Chuanfang did not want to give up his new found control over the 5 southeastern provinces for what was perceived to be a lesser role in the KMT. Sun Chuanfang then prepared a two pronged offensive to relieve Wuchang by driving west into KMT territory. Sun Chuanfang was sitting on 200,000 troops and Chiang Kai-Shek was well aware of the threat he posed. Thus Chiang Kai-Shek would go for broke, casting the dice of fate once more.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek rolled the dice of fate when he unleashed an offensive against Wu Peifu's holdings in Hunan and Hubei. The gambles paid off big time as the NRA swarmed their enemy, taking prisoners and war materials. However Sun Chuanfang was now entering the fray, a real fight would soon unfold.

"Severe Cholera Facts" (Telehealth Health Education Section) Aeri.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Metadata, VBR MP3

"Due to cholera outbreak in Tha Keta, death toll is increasing and funeral pavilions are not enough" (community voice with news) Aeri.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Metadata, VBR MP3

Old Sacramento is known as Sacramento's "Front Porch." The entire sector is protected as a National Landmark and for good reason. Much of California's early history is seated here. The town saw immense growth during the California Gold Rush and with that came death as well. Cholera epidemics swept through and fire and floods destroyed the place more than once. Old Sacramento had to be raised eighteen feet to prevent flooding, leaving behind underground tunnels. These tunnels are said to be filled with spirits and several of the historic buildings that still remain have unexplained activity. Join us as we explore the history and hauntings of Old Sacramento. The Moment in Oddity features the FLIP Research Vessel and This Month in History features the Cuyohoga River Fire. Our location was suggested by Brian Pertl. Check out the website: http://historygoesbump.com Show notes can be found here: https://historygoesbump.blogspot.com/2024/06/hgb-ep-544-haunted-old-sacramento.html Become an Executive Producer: http://patreon.com/historygoesbump Music used in this episode:  Main Theme: Lurking in the Dark by Muse Music with Groove Studios (Moment in Oddity) "Vanishing" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (This Month in History) "In Your Arms" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Outro Music: Happy Fun Punk by Muse Music with Groove Studios Other music used in this episode: Music (CC BY 4.0): Lazy Cat Groove and Disco Summer 2024 by Sascha Ende

Raquel Baldocchi is a mixed-media contemporary artist in the Bay Area. Raquel draws inspiration from her grandmother, who created textile art, made beautiful scrapbooks, and crafted ornaments every year for Christmas.  Raquel's college boyfriend's mother was a printmaker. She influenced Raquel so much that Raquel pursued a degree in printmaking. Now, every piece of art that Raquel creates is infused with a story.  In this episode, Raquel and I have a conversation in my studio while we're creating. Join us by bringing along a sketchbook or something you are working on, and allow yourself to be inspired to create something new.  Listen if you are interested in... Working with mixed medium elements [2:31] How Raquel's grandmother influenced her art [7:33]  Love in the Time of Cholera [10:38]  Why Raquel's art has evolved [16:15] Why gallery shows aren't for everyone [26:14]  What inspires Raquel? [32:45]  What Raquel learned from loss [38:57]  Resources & People Mentioned Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez Gabilan Cattle Company Connect with Raquel Baldocchi www.raquelbaldocchi.com Follow on Instagram @raquelbaldocchi Connect with Nicholas Wilton and Art2Life Get the Free COLOR TIPS PDF here Follow the Sunday Art2Life Vlog here Follow Nicholas Wilton's Art on Instagram Follow Art2Life on Instagram Subscribe on Youtube Art2Life Retreats: www.artlifedream.com Subscribe to Art2Life onApple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts

Is aging a disease that can be cured? Neil deGrasse Tyson and cohosts Chuck Nice and Gary O'Reilly discover the field of epigenetics, the Information Theory of Aging, and curing blindness for mice with Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, David Sinclair.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/is-aging-a-disease-epigenetics-with-david-sinclair/Thanks to our Patrons Jason L, Daniel Holzmann, Anne P Vance, Unknown, Myles G Blanton, Paul A. Straus, and Gregory Dees for supporting us this week.