Podcast appearances and mentions of Queen Victoria

In this episode Matthew Lloyd Roberts was joined by Hannah Lund, Curator of Exhibitions and Displays at Leighton House and Sambourne House. Leighton House was built in Kensington by the Frederic Leighton, a painter, sculptor and president of the Royal Academy famed during the reign of Queen Victoria who vanished into relative obscurity during the 20th century. His house was an important place to create and exhibit his paintings, with a double height studio lit by north facing windows for the vast canvasses on which he worked. Fascinated by the material culture of the Islamic world, he created his ‘Arab Hall', tiling a domed extension to his house with West Asian ceramics gathered on a trip to Damascus. In this episode we discussed Leighton House, Victorian interest in Arabian culture, and the new curatorial interventions being made this year to mark the centenary of the house as a public museum run by the local authority, with new commissions from artists which query the meaning of such spaces their original context and to us today.The podcast is produced in association with the Architects' Journal, London Society, C20 Society and Save Britain's Heritage. It's recorded and produced at the Open City offices located in Bureau. Subscribe on Spotify, Soundcloud or iTunes and to further support, become an Open City Friend. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Robert the Devil is a supernatural medieval legend that inspired a 19th-century French opera, which incorporates key elements from a seminal Gothic novel.  The opera and legend are substantially different but both interesting. We begin with Giacomo Meyerbeer’s 1831 opera, Robert le diable, which gained notoriety for a ballet sequence in Act III, which portrays an attempted seduction of the hero, Robert, Duke of Normandy, by the ghosts of corrupted nuns, freshly risen from their crypts. The scene is not found in the original legend, but as we learn, was borrowed from a particularly sensationalistic early Gothic novel,The Monk, written by Matthew Gregory Lewis in 1764.   We also learn that Meyerbeer's chief librettist, Eugène Scribe later went on to crib another storyline from Lewis’ The Monk for the 1854 opera by composer Charles Gounod, La nonne sanglante (“the bloody nun”). Rendering of cloister set for Paris Opera premiere. Along the way, we learn how Robert le diable helped save the financially imperiled Paris Opera after its royal subsidy had been withdrawn following the July Revolution of 1830.  Along with public curiosity about the scandalous ballet, ticket sales owed much to the 19th-century equivalent of special effects — flashy and innovative stagecraft (new gaslight design, trapdoors, floating will-o-the-wisps, etc.) and a spectacular set replicating a ruined gothic monastery. Hans Christian Andersen, George Sand and Frédéric Chopin lavishly praised the production. Honoré de Balzac and Alexander Dumas worked mentions of the opera into their novels. Edgar Degas painted not one but two renderings of the Ballet of the Nuns. Edgar Degas’ rendering of the “Ballet of the Nins” The opera also gave birth to a new style of ballet, one linked to Romanticism's interest in the supernatural: ballet blanc, “white ballet” named for the innovative long, flowing skirts that lent themselves to wafting movements suggestive of misty wisps moving in the darkness. The opera’s 1847  London premiere was attended by Queen Victoria and featured superstar soprano Jenny Lind as Robert’s sister.  Traffic came to a standstill as unruly spectators mobbed the streets hoping for  glimpse of either celebrity. The second half of our episode tells the original story of Robert the Devil.  It first appeared around 1250, sketched out in short form by the Dominican monk, Étienne de Bourbon, in a collection of exempla, or moral tales intended to be used by priests in their homilies.  A couple decades later, details were filled out in a longer, anonymous  poem, preserved in France's National Library. Then by the late 14th century, it was rendered as a miracle play in “Forty Miracles of Our Lady,” commissioned by a guild of Parisian goldsmiths. By 1500, the story had arrived in Britain. That year, Wynkyn de Worde, assistant to pioneering London printshop owner Thomas Caxton, issued a chapbook prose translation hewing close to the French 14th-century poem. I found the Wynkyn de Worde text reproduced in a handsome 1904 volume complete with line illustrations, decorative initials, and borders reminiscent of the Arts and Crafts books of William Morris.  As promised in the episode, here is the link to that book: Robert_the_Deuyll.pdf.  (Visit the show notes on the Bone and Sickle website if you can’t click link). As for the  story itself, it’s best you enjoy it without spoilers as told by Mrs. Karswell.  It’s full of demonic wrath, battles, court intrigue, miracles, pathos, and a very and prolonged peculiar penance.  All told in charming 16th-century language with all the little sound-design extras you’ve come to expect from Bone and Sickle.

G.K. Chesterton once observed that after learning to do a great many clever things, the next great task would be learning not to do them. That line, from an early essay on Queen Victoria, has taken on new force as American schools reverse decades of tech-first policies—test scores and students' mental health alike in decline. In this episode, Joe and Grettelyn trace the screen crisis back to first principles, exploring how Chesterton's warnings against educational fads, his conviction that machines make us like machines, and his insistence that a thing worth doing is worth doing badly all speak directly to what Jonathan Haidt's data is now confirming.  In This Episode: The G.K. Chesterton quote from Varied Types that frames the whole conversation—and why his intuition about educational tinkering was more than a hunch How the Chesterton Schools Network's longstanding tech-light philosophy has been vindicated by over 15 years of data, a UNESCO report, and the Fortune magazine story that started this episode What Chesterton's insight about machines making us like machines explains about the neuroscience of distraction—and why phone-free classrooms alone aren't enough Why G.K. Chesterton's principle that a thing worth doing is worth doing badly is the most important counter-argument to AI in education and the arts Practical steps for parents: building social pacts with other families, the case for delaying smartphones, and the Chesterton Schools Network as a proven alternative Chapters: 00:00: Welcome and Introduction 01:15: The Chesterton Schools Network's Tech-Light Philosophy 03:38: G.K. Chesterton on Learning Not to Do Clever Things 05:42: Jonathan Haidt and the Books Behind the Movement 09:06: UNESCO's Findings on Technology and Learning 13:35: How Devices Short-Circuit Attention and Memory 19:47: Embodied Learning—Handwriting, Doodling, and What Screens Miss 28:21: Schools Reversing Course: The Fortune Magazine Story 35:11: A Thing Worth Doing Badly: Chesterton vs. AI 44:13: Practical Steps for Parents and a Path Forward Resources Mentioned: Varied Types — G.K. Chesterton The Anxious Generation — Jonathan Haidt The Coddling of the American Mind — Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt Anxious Generation Action Resources Chesterton Schools Network FOLLOW US: Instagram Facebook X SUPPORT: Donate Shop Produced by Saint Kolbe Studios

Queen Victorian was an icon of Britain at the zenith of its power... but that didn't mean she was invulnerable to attack. In today's episode, we'll be exploring some of the many assassination attempts on Victoria's life. We'll be discussing the massive changes Britain was experiencing during this time and how this might have motivated these attackers… Some of them are pretty wild.Our guest today is Professor Kate Williams, historian and author whose new book ‘Regina: A New History of Women and Power' is out in June! She's also the cohost of the podcast ‘Queens, Kings and Dastardly Things'Edited by Tim Arstall. Produced by Tomos Delargy. Senior Producer is Freddy Chick.For tickets to see Anthony and Maddy talking about her new book, Hoax, click here: https://www.conwayhall.org.uk/whats-on/event/hoax/Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  You can take part in our listener survey here.All music from Epidemic Sounds.After Dark: Myths, Misdeeds & the Paranormal is a History Hit podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

When Cetshwayo kaMpande was captured after the Anglo-Zulu War, he was ferried to Cape Town and on to Robben Island. His countenance was one of dignity but that is difficult to maintain in the face of terrible sea-sickness. The Zulu king had made it be known that he was afraid of the sea, and his nervousness compounded the queasiness. He was also terribly sea-sick on the five day voyage from Port Durnford, modern day Richards' Bay, and Simons Town. He and his five wives who'd joined him in captivity were ensconced in a hut that had been erected for him on the poop deck, from where he watched the activities on the shore for almost a week before he disembarked. As he observed all the ships, the developments on the coast, it became apparent that his attempt at fighting the powerful British empire had always been doomed. When he eventually stepped onto Cape turf, his appointed custodian Captain J Ruscombe Poole of the Royal Navy escorted the Zulu King from Simon's Town. Like Nelson Mandela's minders much later, Captain Ruscombe-Poole was a sympathetic jailer, so too the king's interpreter, Henry Longcast. Henry was an Irish orphan who'd been brought up at the KwaMagwaza Mission station and had known Cetshwayo since he was a child. An odd relationship developed between these two men, Longcast was a straighforward honourable man, and became Cetshwayo's advisor - never betraying the Zulu King's trust. Joining Cetshwayo in exile was Mkhosana kaZangqana, formely one of Mpande's counsillors. Three other attendants were at hand, including the royal hairdresser, four young women of royal standing, and a female servant. They were first to spend time in the Flagstaff Bastion of the 17th Century Castle in Cape Town, where they were alloted a suite of apartments and a parapet for daily walks. Throngs of what they called daytrippers in Victorian times, we would describe them as tourists, gathered to catch a glimpse of the Zulu King on the heights of the Castle. Back in Zululand, Sir Garnet Wolseley had been fashioning together a new Zulu system. Believe it or not, it resembled the system resembled what the British were trying to impose on Afrghanistan. There Lord Lytton was trying to secure the North West Frontier of India, what is now Pakistan, by breaking Afghanistan into a number of impotent principalities. There local princes who were sympathetic to British control would be handed the levers of power. Wolseley wanted to secure the safety of Natal and the Transvaal by fragmenting the Zulu kingdom. Sir Theophilus Shepstone was the go-to once more, along with ex-Cape Native Affairs Secretary Charles Brownlee and Natal commissioner, Sir Henry Bulwer. Shepstone's main aim was to destroy the power of the Zulu royal family, and believed it was fragile anyway. This was a miscalculation on numerous fronts. Cetshwayo may have been in exile, but the concept of political power in Zululand was well and truly in the hands of the extended Royal Family. Thirteen chiefs should be nominated, said Shepstone, each independent of the other but utterly dependent on the British. Much much further north, in Afghanistan, Lord Lytton the British Viceroy of India, envisaged Kandahar province as the bulwark against the rebellious tribes of Afghanistan and the wild mountains of north western India. The British defeated Sher Ali Khan in the war between 1878 and 1880. Lytton's vision involved separating key regions and strengthening frontier zones that could be more easily influenced from India. In this thinking, Kandahar mattered enormously. It sat astride the routes connecting southern Afghanistan to the approaches toward the Indian subcontinent, linking trade and military corridors running west toward Persia and north toward central Afghanistan. By now, Cetshwayo kaMpande was technically free to return from exile once these arrangements had been made, but he first requesting a meeting with Queen Victoria.

When Cetshwayo kaMpande was captured after the Anglo-Zulu War, he was ferried to Cape Town and on to Robben Island. His countenance was one of dignity but that is difficult to maintain in the face of terrible sea-sickness. The Zulu king had made it be known that he was afraid of the sea, and his nervousness compounded the queasiness. He was also terribly sea-sick on the five day voyage from Port Durnford, modern day Richards' Bay, and Simons Town. He and his five wives who'd joined him in captivity were ensconced in a hut that had been erected for him on the poop deck, from where he watched the activities on the shore for almost a week before he disembarked. As he observed all the ships, the developments on the coast, it became apparent that his attempt at fighting the powerful British empire had always been doomed. When he eventually stepped onto Cape turf, his appointed custodian Captain J Ruscombe Poole of the Royal Navy escorted the Zulu King from Simon's Town. Like Nelson Mandela's minders much later, Captain Ruscombe-Poole was a sympathetic jailer, so too the king's interpreter, Henry Longcast. Henry was an Irish orphan who'd been brought up at the KwaMagwaza Mission station and had known Cetshwayo since he was a child. An odd relationship developed between these two men, Longcast was a straighforward honourable man, and became Cetshwayo's advisor - never betraying the Zulu King's trust. Joining Cetshwayo in exile was Mkhosana kaZangqana, formely one of Mpande's counsillors. Three other attendants were at hand, including the royal hairdresser, four young women of royal standing, and a female servant. They were first to spend time in the Flagstaff Bastion of the 17th Century Castle in Cape Town, where they were alloted a suite of apartments and a parapet for daily walks. Throngs of what they called daytrippers in Victorian times, we would describe them as tourists, gathered to catch a glimpse of the Zulu King on the heights of the Castle. Back in Zululand, Sir Garnet Wolseley had been fashioning together a new Zulu system. Believe it or not, it resembled the system resembled what the British were trying to impose on Afrghanistan. There Lord Lytton was trying to secure the North West Frontier of India, what is now Pakistan, by breaking Afghanistan into a number of impotent principalities. There local princes who were sympathetic to British control would be handed the levers of power. Wolseley wanted to secure the safety of Natal and the Transvaal by fragmenting the Zulu kingdom. Sir Theophilus Shepstone was the go-to once more, along with ex-Cape Native Affairs Secretary Charles Brownlee and Natal commissioner, Sir Henry Bulwer. Shepstone's main aim was to destroy the power of the Zulu royal family, and believed it was fragile anyway. This was a miscalculation on numerous fronts. Cetshwayo may have been in exile, but the concept of political power in Zululand was well and truly in the hands of the extended Royal Family. Thirteen chiefs should be nominated, said Shepstone, each independent of the other but utterly dependent on the British. Much much further north, in Afghanistan, Lord Lytton the British Viceroy of India, envisaged Kandahar province as the bulwark against the rebellious tribes of Afghanistan and the wild mountains of north western India. The British defeated Sher Ali Khan in the war between 1878 and 1880. Lytton's vision involved separating key regions and strengthening frontier zones that could be more easily influenced from India. In this thinking, Kandahar mattered enormously. It sat astride the routes connecting southern Afghanistan to the approaches toward the Indian subcontinent, linking trade and military corridors running west toward Persia and north toward central Afghanistan. By now, Cetshwayo kaMpande was technically free to return from exile once these arrangements had been made, but he first requesting a meeting with Queen Victoria.

Sophia Duleep Singh was the daughter of the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, raised at Elveden Hall in Suffolk and goddaughter to Queen Victoria.Then she became one of Britain's most fearless suffragettes.Her sisters were even more extraordinary.I sat down with Dr Mishka Sinha, Curator for Inclusive History at Historic Royal Palaces and the historian behind a landmark new exhibition at Kensington Palace, to tell the full story of three daughters of Maharaja Duleep Singh who used their privilege, their pain and their fury to fight the very empire that shaped them.

Daily chat, nonsense, extra fun and highlights from the ARIA award winning Radio 1 Breakfast with Greg James with highlights from Radio 1's Big Weekend in Sunderland plus some Hens & Anthony from Hastings gives us all the goss on the Queen Victoria statue.

Geruchten, bekentenissen, spijtbetuigingen, onverhoeds opstappen. Affaires zijn altijd goed voor ophef. Velen reageren dan met: "Dat gaat toch niemand wat aan, dat is een privézaak!" Maar al eeuwen weten ze in de wandelgangen van de macht dat het in de politiek altijd om machtsverhoudingen, belangen en relaties draait. Jaap Jansen en PG Kroeger over de actualiteit en historische wortels van een vaak pijnlijk fenomeen. *** Deze aflevering is mede mogelijk gemaakt met donaties van luisteraars die we hiervoor hartelijk danken. Word ook vriend van de show! Heb je belangstelling om in onze podcast te adverteren of ons te sponsoren? Zend ons een mailtje en wij zoeken contact. *** In vroeger tijden was de affaire als machtsfactor ten nauwste verbonden aan de persoon van heersers en het permanente spel van macht, relaties en deals aan hun hof. In het antieke Rome, bij kaliefs en sultans en in het Europa van de absolute monarchen in de kleurrijke eeuwen tussen Renaissance en Romantiek speelde dit bijna permanent. Geen wonder dat daar heel veel opera's over gecomponeerd zijn. In absolute monarchieën in Europa hoorde de affaire bij de enscenering van de vorstelijke reputatie. Rolmodellen als de Franse koningen François I en Louis XIV deden het voor hoe je dat deed. Waar hun huwelijken complexe dynastiek-diplomatieke verdragen bezegelden, regelden zij hun persoonlijke relaties tot in de finesses. De officiële, buitenechtelijke geliefde - 'la maîtresse-en-titre' - werd een formele, serieuze functie. Daarmee was de reputatie van de vorst duidelijk. Als enige was hij een individu en geen onderdaan. Een vitaal, dynamisch, aantrekkelijk, jeugdig en extravert man die zijn hof domineerde. En zijn maîtresse bekleedde een zinvolle, persoonlijke en vertrouwensvolle rol. Een rol waarvan de vorst de inhoud en betekenis bepaalde. Hoe dat gebeurde zie je bij twee markante voorbeelden. Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson werd de partner van Louis XV. Haar charme, finesse en intelligentie maakten haar onmisbaar als politiek alter ego van de koning. Als Madame de Pompadour had zij grote invloed op geopolitiek en diplomatie, op het innovatieve industriebeleid en op de kunsten, als mecenas. Alexander (Sashin'ka) Lanskoy werd de jeugdige partner van Catharina de Grote, maar ook een beetje de zoon die zij nooit had met haar eerdere geliefde, vorst Grigori Potjomkin die haar partner in het regeren bleef. Ze deelden hobby's en genoten van muziek en literatuur. Hij was discreet en had geen kapsones. Met de Verlichting kwam in Amerika en Frankrijk de revolutie. Ieder mens werd individu in plaats van onmondig onderdaan. Hij mocht als citoyen – als burger dus - zijn voorkeuren uiten door wie en hoe de macht kon worden uitgeoefend. En zijn rolmodel was niet meer een flamboyant heerser, maar een 'onkreukbaar' mens, oprecht, betrouwbaar, ingetogen. Een George Washington die als burger gelijk was aan de anderen, met evenveel vrijheid en broederschap en die de macht volgens afspraak ook aflegde na een vaste periode. Dat verlichte individualisme deed de Romantiek opbloeien. Oprechtheid van persoonlijke emoties ging centraal staan. Affaires waren nu dus onoprecht, niet betrouwbaar, niet conform de normen van burgerlijke zedelijkheid en ingetogen gedrag. Rolmodel werd Queen Victoria met haar 'darling Albert', als het ideale voorbeeld van een huwelijk van ware liefde. Heel burgerlijk, zonder ook maar een smetje van affaires en geroddel. In Nederland zie je deze politiek-culturele verandering in de botsing tussen de burgerlijke intellectueel, de verlichte liberaal Thorbecke - die niettemin zo'n vurig-romantisch huwelijk deelde met 'mijn Madonnaatje' Adelheid Solger - en de Romanov-autocraat op de troon, koning Willem III. Diens bijnaam 'Gorilla' is exemplarisch voor die nieuwe politieke cultuur, waarin diens onredelijke en onverlicht gedrag beestachtig werd gevonden. Ondanks de emancipatiebewegingen van de jaren ’60 en ’70 is veel van die burgerlijke normen in de politieke wereld gehandhaafd. Met alle aandacht voor het 'Me Too'-motief komt nu het aspect van ongelijkheid in persoonlijke relaties scherp naar voren. In situaties rond affaires in deze tijd is dat klassieke-liberale, burgerlijke motief van de 'égalité' opnieuw actueel geworden. Zoals de machtspolitieke aspecten bij affaires in het geding zijn in omstandigheden waarin bijvoorbeeld zakelijke, hiërarchische en partijpolitieke posities tot ophef leiden. Ook hier is de 19e eeuw nog allerminst voorbij. *** Verder luisteren 200 - De Heerser: Machiavelli's lessen zijn nog altijd actueel 367 - Wantrouwen in de wandelgangen: het Binnenhof van moederschoot naar betonnen bunker 249 - Gedrag en omgangsvormen in de Tweede Kamer 387 - Niets is zó politiek als opera - 100 jaar Maria Callas 561 – Jakub Józef Orlínski en Händel, politiek dier en geniaal musicus 311 - De wereld volgens Simon Sebag Montefiore 305 - Andrea Wulf, Hoe rebelse genieën eeuwen later nog ons denken, cultuur en politiek beïnvloeden 115 - Thomas Paine en De Rechten van de Mens 520 - De radicaaldemocratische erfenis van Pieter Vreede 583 – Lafayette, een jonge Franse edelman in de Amerikaanse revolutie 459 – Rolmodel George Washington 339 – De geopolitiek van de 19e eeuw is terug. De eeuw van Bismarck 274 - Thorbecke, denker en doener 534 - Franse schandalen: Nicolas Sarkozy en andere presidenten waar een luchtje aan zit 45 – De liefdesbrieven van François Mitterrand *** Tijdlijn 00:00:00 – Deel 1 00:44:31 – Deel 2 00:59:33 – Deel 3 01:18:37 – EindeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We're back with a completely reworked and expanded 2026 version of one of our most requested redo episodes: Alexandra Feodorovna, the last empress of Russia. Originally covered way back in 2018, we realized there was so much more to unpack about the woman who would become the tragic final tsarina of Imperial Russia. So this time, we're slowing down, diving deeper, and fully embracing the gaudy, dramatic chaos of the Romanov court. In part one, we explore Alexandra's early life as Princess Alix of Hesse, Queen Victoria's favorite granddaughter, whose happy childhood was shattered by tragedy, illness, and loss. We talk about the spread of hemophilia through Europe's royal families, Alexandra's intense religious beliefs, and the deeply romantic (and deeply codependent) love story between Alix and the future Tsar Nicholas II. From doomed romance to catastrophic public relations disasters, this is the beginning of the end for the Romanovs. Timestamps: 00:00 Return to Imperial Russia & Alexandra Feodorovna Redo02:39 The Revised “Rasputin” Cocktail Recipe03:40 Alexandra Feodorovna's Birth, Family & Triple Gemini Chaos05:24 Queen Victoria, Royal Upbringing & Life in Hesse10:12 Hemophilia in Europe's Royal Families Explained16:22 Alexandra's Religion & the Divine Right of Kings21:42 Alexandra Feodorovna's First Trip to Russia22:22 Young Nicholas II Meets Alexandra for the First Time27:14 Nicholas and Alexandra's Romantic Letters & Courtship34:26 Nicholas II Proposes & Alexandra's Religion Crisis38:03 Alexandra Arrives in Russia as the Tsar Dies45:40 Alexandra Feodorovna's First Impressions at Court47:35 Nicholas II's Coronation & the Khodynka Field Disaster53:06 “She Came to Russia Behind a Coffin” — Bad Omens Begin Sources: Queens of Misfortune The History Chicks Ambivalent Offenders Check out our Dagmar of Denmark series Queens podcast is part of Airwave Media podcast network. Please get in touch with advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast. Want more Queens? Head to our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, and follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Officially known in French as La Journée nationale des Patriotes, National Patriots' Day is a provincial holiday in Quebec observed annually on the Monday preceding May 25, while the rest of Canada take the day off work to celebrate Queen Victoria’s birthday, known as Victoria Day. National Patriots' Day commemorates the 1837-1838 Rebellions in Lower Canada and honors the Patriots who fought the British colonial power for political freedom, democracy, and national recognition. The Patriots, led by figures like Louis-Joseph Papineau, staged an armed rebellion against British colonial rule to establish a democratic and representative government. For a while, the holiday was known as Dollard and Chenier Day, to immortalize garrison commander of Fort Ville-Marie (now Montreal) and Adam Dollard des Ormeaux Jean-Olivier Chénier (1806-37), a Patriot commander killed in action during the1837 Battle of Saint-Eustache. National Patriots' Day falls on the cusp of warmer weather, it is widely treated by Quebecers as the unofficial start of the summer season. Canada’s civil war ended unsuccessfully with the deporting, in chains, of nine prominent French Canadians to the tropical “Island Paradise” of Bermuda as political prisoners. They became Bermuda's famous French Canadian Exiles. Check out the YouTube version of this episode at https://youtu.be/nSkn6A-q63s which has accompanying visuals including maps, charts, timelines, photos, illustrations, and diagrams. Books about Canada 1837-38 Rebellions at https://amzn.to/498vAVM Bermuda books available at https://amzn.to/4d4rPBz British Empire books at https://amzn.to/43hczOa ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Happy Victoria Day weekend! I know many of you aren't thinking about Queen Victoria this weekend. She is long gone, having died 125 years ago in 1901. FUN FACT: We observe her birthday of May 24, 1819 and not her death of January 22, 1901. Instead of thinking about Queen Victoria, our minds are often focused on camping, gardening, and grilling. However, permit me to draw your attention to Queen Victoria's name. Victoria is the Latin name for victory. This makes me ponder how one becomes victorious? I guess it depends on what you are trying to win or conquer. So, let's narrow the question further to how does one become spiritually victorious? Read Exodus 17:8-16 and come this Sunday to our service to find out the answer!

Is even the color blue part of royal hierarchy? New claims suggest Queen Camilla's wardrobe choices may carry deeper meaning, as commentators debate whether fashion still signals status inside the palace. We break down the reporting and what Meghan once said about royal dress rules. Then, a look at what the Royal Family actually drives — from King Charles's famous Aston Martin to William's early Volkswagen and Harry's surprisingly modest first cars. After the break, Daisy Goodwin reexamines the marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, raising questions about power, control, and one of history's most famous royal relationships.Get episodes of Palace Intrigue by becommming a paid subscriber on Apple Podcasts. Click the button that says uninterrupted listening.  Just $5 a month, and that includes many ofther shows on the Caloroga Shark network.A new season of King William is available now.Our royal newsletter written by Deep Crown is available for free.Royal Books:Revenge: Meghan, Harry, and the War Between the Windsors by Tom BowerWilliam and Catherine: The Monarchy's New Era: The Inside StoryThe Royal Insider: My Life with the Queen, the King and Princess Diana

This week, has the story of Victoria Day and the long weekend when Canadians celebrate the UK's Queen Victoria's birthday. Spoiler alert - apparently Canada is the only country in the world that still celebrates her birthday. Plus, Canada has at least 3 unique breeds of horses that originated here, with histories that go as far back as the 1600's. New France's Canadian breed; the Lac La Croix Indigenous pony; and the Sable Island wild horse. Each has been close to extinction at times, but have persevered and still have a presence today. Kate Butler is the Director of the Haliburton Highlands Museum. Paul Vorvis is the host of the Your Haliburton Morning Show 7 - 9 a.m. Fridays on Canoe FM 100.9 and streaming on your devices. Haliburton County is in cottage country about 2 1/2 hours north of Toronto. You can contact us at timewarp@canoefm.com

Hi guys! Today we're back with a HOT TAKE episode to unpack the big question we've been asking the last couple of weeks: Do we have a right to destroy history?In this first part of the series we're going to look at 2 kinds of historical sources: Buildings, including the Berghof & Winter Palace, and Documents, including Mein Kampf & Queen Victoria's diaries! Make sure to head on over and watch part 2 where we will cover exhibits and art/sculpture very soon!If you also want more Hot History you can follow along on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and of course, right here!Til next week, Ainslie x

A funeral is one of those rare occasions where you don't really need to think too much about your choice of outfit. After all, everyone wears black to funerals as a sign of grief, don't they? Well, that might be true in the Western world, but it's not necessarily the case everywhere, which is what we're going to talk about today.  In the Western world, funeral customs have long been intertwined with strict dress codes. The tradition of "mourning attire" became widespread across Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, and was particularly stringent during the Victorian era in England. Queen Victoria herself mandated that widows wear black mourning attire, including jewellery, for at least a year.  Has that always been the case? What about in other parts of the world then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: ⁠⁠Should you sleep with socks on?⁠⁠ ⁠⁠How can I get the most out of daytime napping?⁠⁠ ⁠⁠How quick is premature ejaculation?⁠⁠ A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. First Broadcast: 3/5/2024 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Story of the Week (DR):Happy (?) May Day MMMay Day 2026: Top CEO pay increased 20 times faster than workers' pay in 2025Rivian Sold 42,247 Cars And Paid Its CEO [RJ Scaringe] $403 Million, Or 15 Jim FarleysComcast Co-CEO Mike Cavanagh Lands $72 Million Pay Package For 2025Google co-founder [Sergey Brin] rips California billionaire tax: 'I fled socialism'ONE-TIME wealth tax: The proposal would impose a 5% tax on net worth above the $1 billion threshold for people who were California residents as of Jan. 1, 2026, with some assets like real estate and certain retirement accounts excluded~$13B, with certain exclusions this figure could drop to $9B (the approximate value of his real estate empire)This is the equivalent of $2,500 if you earn $50,000Ken Griffin slams Mamdani for singling him out as a 'profound lack of judgment,' ripping socialist bentBill Ackman to New York City Mayor Mamdani: Don't scare away the billionaires CEOs got millions after boards ‘neutralized' the impact of tariffs. Some won't say what it was worthRTX CEO Christopher Calio: $27.7 million in compensation last yearAt its January 2025 board meeting, the compensation committee of RTX pre-authorized the removal of tariff impacts on business metrics related to Calio's pay months before President Trump announced a set of sweeping Liberation Day tariffs on April 2, 2025 that upended global supply chains. The RTX comp committee said that the tariff-cost impact “should be neutralized” for determining annual bonus payouts because the tariffs were “externally imposed, unpredictable and unrelated to operational execution.”Calio's annual bonus hit $5.1 million, an 85% increase over the $2.76 million the company paid him the year beforeHow much of that growth was attributable to the tariff exclusion, RTX did not discloseWe spoke to over 30 CEOs and business leaders. Here's what worries them mostA world of constant shocksSupply chains are under strain and getting costlierInflation is testing the consumerAI is an opportunity, but also a threatCyber and trust are keeping CEOs upEnergy security is back at the centerThe leadership playbook is changingThe 'Dirty Secret' Behind AI Layoffs: Forrester Warns Tech Is Often Non-ExistentForrester finds most firms citing AI for job cuts lack the systems to back it up, deepening mistrust over how and why people are being let goExecutives are increasingly blaming artificial intelligence for sweeping layoffs even when the technology is barely in place, Forrester has warned, with analyst J.P. Gownder saying that in 'nine out of 10' such cases the AI capability behind those cuts simply does not existMeta says it doesn't know its ideal size as it prepares to lay off 10% of its staffBed Bath & Beyond CEO: AI will lead to ‘significant reduction in headcount'Sam Altman says he is 'deeply sorry' for failing to alert police ahead of mass shootingSam Altman Issues Grim ApologySam Altman is “the face of evil” for not reporting school shooter, says lawyerSam Altman apologized to the people of Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia, because OpenAI had flagged and banned the suspect's ChatGPT account but did not alert police before the mass shootingApril 28, 2026: Our commitment to community safety“We assume the best of our users, but when we detect that someone is attempting to use our tools to potentially plan or carry out violence, we take action, including revoking access to OpenAI's services.”“We use automated detection systems to identify potentially concerning activity at scale.”“When an account or conversation is flagged, it is assessed in context by trained personnel. These human reviewers are trained on our policies and protocols, and operate within established privacy and security safeguards”“When conversations indicate an imminent and credible risk of harm to others, we notify law enforcement.”Zero mention of the Tumbler Ridge massacre, the apology, the lawsuits, etc.Elon Musk's trial against Sam Altman to reveal the ongoing power struggle for OpenAIMusk is suing Altman, OpenAI, and Microsoft over the claim that OpenAI abandoned its original nonprofit, “benefit humanity” mission and instead became a profit machine, while OpenAI says Musk is really trying to slow a competitor he helped createThe courtroom tone has been described as unusually messy and theatrical, with the judge reportedly telling both sides to stop acting out on social mediaThe judge told Musk to cool it on the “robot apocalypse” and “Terminator” talk.Musk lawyer says OpenAI 'stole a charity,' as trial against AI firm, Sam Altman beginsWorld's Richest Man, Least Generous? Elon Musk Tops Forbes 'Least Philanthropic' ListForbes' analysis concludes that Elon Musk has given around $500 million 'directly to those in need' — a sum that sounds enormous in isolation yet, by the magazine's maths, represents just 0.06 per cent of his reported wealth. In other words, for every $1,000 attached to his name on paper, roughly 60 cents has so far gone, in clear line of sight, to people or causes that can be classed as receiving direct help.Jerome Powell says he will continue to serve as a Fed governor, calls Trump criticism 'unprecedented'Powell says he's staying on as a Fed governor after his chair term ends, which blocks Trump from simply creating an empty seatPowell says the pressure campaign is unprecedented and threatens the Fed's independence.Bessent Says Powell Staying On Is ‘Violation' of All Fed Norms“It's highly unusual for someone who says he's an institutionalist and cares about norms at the Fed. This is a violation of all Federal Reserve norms.”“I think it is an insult to Kevin Warsh, Miki [Michelle] Bowman and Chris Waller to think that these other Republican nominees do not care about the institution of the Fed and that he alone can maintain the integrity of the Fed.”Trump Takes a ‘Wrecking Ball' to Independent Scientific Advisory BoardThe DEI death blow: “We Could See the Largest Drop in Black Representation Since the End of Reconstruction”Much like dual class shares: The erosion of the Voting Rights Act directly dilutes the collective political power of Black communitiesThomas Dartmouth Rice ("The two most popular characters in the world at the present time are [Queen] Victoria and Jim Crow.") received some formal education in his youth, but ceased in his teenage years when he acquired an apprenticeship with a woodcarver named DodgePentagon inks deals with seven AI companies for classified military workOpenAI, Google, Nvidia and others agreed to ‘any lawful use' of their tech. Anthropic, feuding with Pentagon over potential AI misuse, was not includedGoodliest of the Week (MM/DR):DR: France unveils plan to ditch all fossil fuels by 2050a “first of its kind” plan to phase out coal by 2030, oil by 2045 and gas by 2050 during a global conference aimed at breaking reliance on fossil fuelsMM: War on Social Media: Greece to ban anonymity on social media DRI seriously might move to GreeceMeta's threat to quit New Mexico ‘is showing the world how little it cares about child safety,' AG saysAssholiest of the Week (MM):Disney's spineless chair James Gorman DRABC can beat Trump FCC's license threat if owner Disney is willing to fightThe man who was the savior picking the new CEO, when asked what he thinks of the attack on Kimmel and Disney's ABC (again), said, “It's the job of the CEO with their team to figure out the right answer and they'll be guided by the board”, and then declined to say what advice he or the board would give regarding the “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” show.“We have a terrific new CEO, Josh D'Amaro, he's world class so I'm sure he'll rise to the occasion and do what the right thing is.”Here's a glow up of Gorman choosing the new CEO:James P. Gorman, former head of Morgan Stanley, became Disney's chairman a year ago with succession at the top of his to-do list. The 67-year-old Australia native comes with strong opinions and sterling credentials: He helped stabilize, then revitalize the Wall Street bank during his 14 years in the C-suite, retiring in December 2024 after orchestrating a seamless baton pass.“I don't know that there's anyone who could have navigated these kinds of leadership transitions better than James,” Wharton School Dean Erika H. James said in an interview. “He's not afraid to do the hard things.”James was on the board of Morgan Stanley with GormanSo the board abdicates all responsibility? They bow out? Without Ken Doll Bob Iger around they have no part to play anymore?“Even after paying off the president last year, ABC is once again under attack by this administration,” Sen. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) wrote yesterday. “This should be a lesson to all who capitulate to the president: You cannot buy his favor, you can only rent it.”Even the fucking CATO INSTITUTE weighed in: FCC's Punitive Review of ABC-Disney's Broadcast Licenses Shows Need to Protect Free Expression“Punishing a media organization, no matter what one thinks of their reporting or programming, is an affront to the right of Americans to speak and listen to whatever speech they wish”AI OverloadPopular pasta sauce brand is launching new device to record conversationsPrego owned by Campbells selling a puck that sits on your dinner table, records the conversation, and offers “conversation prompts”When a soup company thinks the answer to AI in soup is a fucking device sitting on your table, listening to you, when we're already surrounded by our tech overlords doing the same thing, we know we've jumped the sharkChip Wilson and the male CEO industrial complexLululemon Founder Takes Aim at New CEO Pick, Escalates Proxy FightChip uses “governance” as his main angle of attack without acknowledging that 50% of the board he hates, including the chair, HE HAND PICKED HIMSELFWall Street sank the shares more than 13% on the announcement of Heidi O'NeillCritiqued her tenure at Nike pushing “direct to consumer” - without acknowledging that Nike is a dual class controlled company with the company founder's nepo baby on the board AND an executive chair (Mark Parker) AND the current CEO (Elliott Hill)Do you think O'Neill made the decision in a vacuum by herself? She's an NEO under not one but THREE leaders - and in 2025 she got a massive stock award (11.4m) to keep her around. She also has a babysitter - she was head of Consumer, Product, & Brand, but there was Craig Williams, Chief Commercial OfficerIs this anything but fucking white dude manbaby sexists anymore?60% female board who just added another woman of color to go above that, +8% gender power gap, 70% female influence - the analytics suggest they are not deferential to the CEO, the only merit director on the board are womenWhile dude analyst Bill Campbell at Paragon Intel said, “she does not look like the obvious architect of the deeper reset this moment demands,” William Blair analyst Sharon Zackfia said, “She brings a significant breadth of knowledge in women's performance apparel and her experience accelerating speed-to-market is particularly welcome at lululemon where lead times have ballooned to about 24 months.”Reading the timeline of interactions, Wilson just sounds like a fucking baby, complaining the board isn't talking to his people enough, they don't respond quickly enough, even as every time he doesn't get his way he publicly says the board sucks but commits to the chair he wants to have “constructive” dialogue. Then the board offers him board seats if he just shuts the fuck up, and he says he won't agree to shut up but they should give him the board seats anyway.Headliniest of the WeekDR: Lululemon's New CEO Is Already in the Hot Seat—and She Hasn't Even StartedMM: 51% of U.S. employees have cried at the office within the last month, according to a new reportWho Won the Week?DR: Only Elon Musk can fire Elon Musk from SpaceX, filing showsMM: Earth - SpaceX ties Musk compensation to Mars colonization goal, which I assume can only mean if Musk himself colonizes Mars he gets paidPredictionsDR: Billionaires start to introduce their own taxes on “normal” people, like: Sidewalk Wear-and-Tear Tax: charged per step, tracked via mandatory Smart Shoes™ and a Public Bench Depreciation Fee: sitting longer than 90 seconds counts as an “asset strain,” tracked via mandatory Smart Boxer Briefs™MM: Because Jamie Dimon says bureaucracy sinks companies and the solution may be getting rid of the ‘jerks' who don't want to solve it, JPMorgan begins firing the 51% of jerks who cried in the office this month.

Queen Victoria was Empress of India. She was also godmother to the children of the man whose kingdom she helped destroy. Victoria called him “your affectionate friend.”But as Polly Putnam tells me, it was a strange relationship between conqueror and conquered.Polly is the Collections Curator at Historic Royal Palaces, the historian behind Netflix's Bridgerton, and the curator of The Last Princesses of Punjab — her 31st exhibition, and the hardest one she has ever done. She did not want to tell this story from above. She wanted South Asian voices in the room.In this episode, we cover why Sophia sold suffragette newspapers outside Hampton Court, why Bamba had snowballs thrown at her on the way to medical school, why Catherine told a Jewish refugee fleeing the Nazis, “I'll be that person,” why Duleep Singh died with a Bible at his bedside despite taking Sikh initiation, and the revelation that almost everything in this family's London history happened in Kensington, including the birth of the women's suffrage movement itself.

In dieser Episode spricht Andreas mit der Kuratorin Michaela Lindinger über die kommende Modeausstellung zum Thema Farben im Wien Museum am Karlsplatz. Die Ausstellung ist ab dem Herbst 2026 zu sehen und widmet sich einer der Frage: Was bedeuten die Farben in der Kleidung und welche Emotionen sowie kulturellen Zuschreibungen tragen sie mit sich? Die Reise reicht von strahlend weiße Kinderkleidung als bürgerliches Statussymbol um 1880 bis zur ersten künstlichen Farbe „ mauve“, die durch Queen Victoria und Kaiserin Sisi zum großen Trend wurde. Über Modegeschichte lässt sich kaum sprechen, ohne zugleich über gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen und das Bedürfnis nach Identität nachzudenken. Die Episode führt durch verschiedene Ebenen dieses Themas – von den Einflüssen der englischen Popkultur, die 1968 mit einem extrem schmalen, neongelben Anzug in Wien Fuß fasste, bis zu aktuellen Generationen, die Trends der 80er-Jahre als befreiten, individuellen Ausdruck jenseits alter Subkultur-Zwänge für sich nutzen. Die Modesammlung im Wien Museum: https://www.wienmuseum.at/modesammlung Coverfoto: Ballkleid, 1845/50 | Foto: Birgit und Peter Kainz, Wien Museum

On today's Newswrap from In Focus, Todd Stacy, host of Alabama Public Television's Capitol Journal, discusses a new law that mandates minimum care standards for outdoor dogs. And the Wildcard is about an animal today that was alive during Queen Victoria's lifetime. 

In this episode, the second of our Marie Antoinette related trio, host Dr Ellie Woodacre interviews Tia Caswell on her comparative study of Marie Antoinette and Queen Victoria. We discuss the rationale for bringing these two queens together and what we can learn about both women and queenship from this study.Guest Bio: Tia Caswell successfully defended her doctoral thesis at the University of Nottingham in December 2025, titled: Marie-Antoinette l'Autrichienne and Victoria the German Queen: Negotiating Gender and Foreignness in Satire and Portraiture. Tia also holds an MRes in Modern Langauges, from the University of Nottingham, and a BA Joint Hons in French and German from Nottingham Trent University. Tia's MRes thesis explores: "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert: Constructing a Sustainable Monarchy and Negotiating Gender and Foreignness Under conditions of Precarity". Links:LinkedinReview of Tate Britain Now You See Us: Women Artists in Britain, 1520 - 1920 - BSECSStyle and Society: Dressing the Georgians - BSECSCrown to Couture: The Fashion Show of The Centuries - BSECSLunchtime Lectures: Queen of Style or Scandal? Negotiating Queenship, Identity, and Politics in the Portraits of Marie-Antoinette - V&A Academy Talk at V&A South Kensington · V&A

Writer Daisy Goodwin on Victoria: A Queen Unbound. Was the marriage between Victoria and Albert as idyllic as it has been portrayed? Her new play explores the idea that Prince Albert exerted coercive control over Queen Victoria. Following the launch of the Official UK Christian & Gospel Singles Chart, we speak to the founder of the chart's partner organisation, O'Neil Dennis, and Mobo winning Christian rapper Guvna B, who's playing live in studio.Tayari Jones, Winner of the Women's Prize for Fiction, discusses on her new novel, Kin.Ben Beaumont-Thomas reports on the cancellation of this year's Wireless festival following the row over Kanye West as the headlining artist. Presenter: Samira Ahmed Producer Harry Graham

Greg Jenner is joined in nineteenth-century China by historian Professor Yangwen Zheng and comedian Sophie Duker to learn about the Qing dynasty ruler Empress Dowager Cixi. A contemporary of Queen Victoria, Cixi rose from low-ranked concubine to de facto ruler of China for nearly half a century, and lived through a dizzying array of events in China's nineteenth-century history, including the Taiping Rebellion, the Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion. Ruling through her son and then her nephew, Empress Dowager Cixi dominated late Qing dynasty China, and oversaw a variety of economic and military – if not political – reforms. This episode charts her life, from her entry into the Forbidden Palace as a teenager all the way to her death in 1908, taking in the politics and traditions of the Qing imperial court, her relationship with Emperor Xianfeng and her rival turned co-ruler Empress Dowager Ci'an, and her determined attempts to gain and maintain power.If you're a fan of Chinese history, ruthless court politics, and complex women characters, you'll love our episode on Empress Dowager Cixi.If you want to learn more about the history of China, listen to our episodes on the history of Kung Fu and the Terracotta Warriors. And for more fascinating characters with Sophie Duker, check out our episode on Ramesses the Great, naughty nun Benedetta Carlini and the Chevalier de Saint-Georges.You're Dead To Me is the comedy podcast that takes history seriously. Every episode, Greg Jenner brings together the best names in history and comedy to learn and laugh about the past.Hosted by: Greg Jenner Research by: Emma Mitchell Written by: Emma Mitchell, Dr Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow, Dr Emma Nagouse, and Greg Jenner Produced by: Dr Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow and Greg Jenner Audio Producer: Steve Hankey Production Coordinator: Gill Huggett Senior Producer: Dr Emma Nagouse Executive Editor: Philip Sellars

For our 150th episode, Greg Jenner is joined by historian Professor Iwan Morus and comedian Catherine Bohart to learn about the history of the telephone on its 150th anniversary. The inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, was granted the American patent for his new communication system 150 years ago, on the 7th March 1876, beating out fellow inventor Elisha Gray who had submitted his patent on the very same day. But Bell still had to convince people that this novel form of communication would change their lives, and so he set out on a promotional tour across America and England, showcasing the wonder of his new invention, and even gifting a pair of phones to Queen Victoria. In this episode, we look at the first few decades of the telephone's existence: the dramatic race between Bell, Gray and an Italian immigrant named Meucci to be the first to patent it, how quickly it was rolled out across America, how the technology actually worked, and its problems, including the ease with which people could eavesdrop on their neighbour's conversations. We also look at the rise in jobs for women it provided, and the social anxieties it provoked, which mirror many of the worries voiced today about smartphones and social media. And we examine some early telephone etiquette: should you answer the phone with ‘hello' or ‘ahoy-hoy', and did a man need to be wearing trousers when speaking on the phone to a woman? If you're a fan of the scientific innovations of the past, feuding inventors, and the competing anxieties and opportunities of new technology, you'll love our episode on the History of the Telephone. If you want to learn more about Victorian science with Professor Iwan Morus, listen to our episode on Vital Electricity. And for more from Catherine Bohart, check out our episodes on pirate queen Grainne O'Malley, Julie d'Aubigny, or the History of General Elections. You're Dead To Me is the comedy podcast that takes history seriously. Every episode, Greg Jenner brings together the best names in history and comedy to learn and laugh about the past. Hosted by: Greg Jenner Research by: Rosalyn Sklar and Katharine Russell Written by: Rosalyn Sklar, Dr Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow, Dr Emma Nagouse, and Greg Jenner Produced by: Dr Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow and Greg Jenner Audio Producer: Steve Hankey Production Coordinator: Gill Huggett Senior Producer: Dr Emma Nagouse Executive Editor: Philip Sellars

The lives of the Duleep Singh sisters were deeply impacted by Queen Victoria's Empire in India, and their father's displacement as the last Maharaja of the Punjab, yet they lived a life of privilege as aristocrats in Victorian Britain.   Join Curators Dr Mishka Sinha and Polly Putnam, alongside Dr Priya Atwal, to explore the early lives of Princesses Sophia, Catherine and Bamba. How did Empire impact their childhoods, and who were the women who shaped them, from Queen Victoria to their Grandmother Maharani Jind Kaur.   Read about Queen Victoria role in the British Empire. Find out more about The Last Princesses of Punjab and book tickets to our exhibition at Kensington Palace.  

In this episode, I look at the Bangs sisters, two of the most famous spirit mediums working in Chicago in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lizzie and May Bangs became especially well known for their “precipitated” spirit portraits: images said to appear on prepared canvases during sittings, rather than being painted in the ordinary way before the audience's eyes. The episode focuses on who the sisters were, how their portrait sittings were described, and why the paintings became such an important part of American Spiritualist culture. I examine the methods later associated with their work, including the use of framed canvases, window light, and controlled viewing conditions, and I discuss why these portraits were treated as something more than séance curiosities. They were framed, preserved, displayed, and compared with photographs of the dead, which gave them a lasting place in Spiritualist collections. I also spend time on the pictures themselves as physical objects. Did they look like ordinary oil paintings? The historical descriptions suggest something more unusual. Later writers and museum accounts often describe the Bangs portraits as smooth in finish, with little or no visible brushwork, rich color, and an appearance closer to softly blended portraiture than to heavily worked oil paint. Some accounts compared the effect to airbrushing. The episode also covers specific surviving examples, including portraits linked to Queen Victoria and to Emily and Rose Carson in the Camp Chesterfield collection. Just as important, I look at reports from sitters who said the finished image resembled the deceased closely, sometimes down to details such as beard style, jewelry, or coloring. This is an episode about mediumship, mourning, portraiture, and the question of what people believed they were seeing when a face from the dead appeared on canvas. https://www.pastliveshypnosis.co.uk/https://www.patreon.com/ourparanormalafterlifeMy book 'Verified Near Death Experiences' https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DXKRGDFP Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Power, fame, and influence have often marked the lives of history's most prominent leaders, making them prime targets. This episode delves into notorious assassinations and attempts that forever changed history. Uncover lesser-known details about figures like Julius Caesar, Abraham Lincoln, and Queen Victoria. Explore the motives behind these attacks, the masterminds who orchestrated them, and how some leaders miraculously survived multiple attempts. Join us as we unravel the dark and dramatic stories behind these pivotal moments in history. Which story resonates with you the most? 00:00:00: Caesar Conspirators00:13:37: After Lincoln's Assassination00:24:29: Lincoln's Death and the Funeral Business00:34:32: Right After JFK's Assassination00:46:35: WWII Spy Stories00:58:15: Teddy Roosevelt Shot01:08:54: Queen Victoria Survived 7 Assassination Attempts01:20:28: The Hunt for John Wilkes Booth #assassinations #JuliusCaesar #AbrahamLincoln #QueenVictoria #notorious #influence #historicalevents See show notes: https://inlet.fm/weird-history/episodes/69bd8b3ab8987598027a0526 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Content WarningThis episode contains detailed descriptions of poisoning and prolonged death. Support resources are listed at the end of these notes.This EpisodeSeason 39: The Balham Mystery. For seventy-two hours, Charles Bravo lay dying at The Priory while doctors—including Queen Victoria's own physician—watched helplessly. He suffered. He convulsed. He said almost nothing about who poisoned him.One woman claims she heard a confession. No one else heard a word. Was it truth, or a convenient lie to make murder look like suicide?The VictimCharles Bravo had three days to name his killer—and chose silence.From April 18th to April 21st, 1876, the thirty-year-old barrister endured unimaginable suffering at The Priory in Balham. The antimony that had entered his system through his bedside water destroyed him methodically—causing relentless vomiting, organ failure, and slow collapse.Throughout his ordeal, Charles remained lucid for extended periods. He could speak. He could understand questions. Yet when doctors pressed him about what he had taken, he mentioned only rubbing laudanum on his gums for a toothache. When they begged him to name anyone who might have harmed him, he said nothing useful.The CrimeThe parade of physicians began within hours of Charles's collapse. Dr. Joseph Moore arrived first, administering mustard water to induce vomiting—standard treatment for suspected poisoning. By morning, Charles's condition had deteriorated so drastically that Florence summoned reinforcements.Dr. George Harrison came from London. Dr. Royes Bell, a specialist in internal medicine, examined the patient. None could identify the poison or stop its progress. Charles vomited until nothing remained. His body rejected water, medicine, even champagne.On April 20th, Sir William Gull arrived—the physician to Queen Victoria herself. His verdict was grim: Charles was beyond saving. Whatever poison he had ingested, the damage was irreversible.The InvestigationThe alleged confession came from Jane Cannon Cox, Florence's companion. According to Mrs. Cox, Charles turned to her in the sickroom and whispered: "I took poison. Don't tell Florence."Five words that could explain everything—or nothing at all.But the housemaid Mary Ann Keeber was present in that room for much of the ordeal. She heard no such statement. The doctors who questioned Charles directly received no confession. Only Mrs. Cox, alone and uncorroborated, claimed to hear Charles take responsibility for his own death.Sir William Gull made his own attempt. "Did you take anything to cause this illness?" he asked. Charles reportedly answered: "I took nothing intentionally."Nothing intentionally. The words of a man who did not know how poison entered his body? Or a man protecting someone else?Historical ContextOur Sponsors:* Check out BetterHelp: https://www.betterhelp.com* Check out Kensington Publishing: https://www.kensingtonbooks.comSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/foulplay/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

As the British tried to wrap up their war against the Zulu in South Africa, further afield the happy sound of a baby being born could be heard in Germany. Not just any baby. Albert Einstein was born at 11.30 in the morning on March 14, 1879 in Ulm. His birth was not without drama; his family initially worried about his development because the back of his head was unusually large, and his grandmother feared he would have delayed development based on the sound of his cry.  His mother Pauline was deeply concerned when Albert didn't start talking until he was three. Then when he started speaking, he had a habit of repeating sentences to himself, which led the family maid to nickname him "Der Depperte" (the dopey one). When Albert was five and sick in bed, his father Hermann gave him a magnetic compass. This invisible force fascinated Albert and is often cited as the spark for his lifelong obsession with physics. A compass is what the British surveyors carried, so too did some Boers of the Wakkerstroom District. The area wasn't as stable as British Army Lieutenant Colonel Evelyn Wood had supposed. Sure, the hyena of Phongola chief Mbilini — had been killed but the abaQulusi still lurked about their mountains undefeated. While the British had gone about their war against the Zulu with some zeal in 1879, the Boers of the Transvaal were seething about their territory being summarily annexed by the Empire only two years earlier. The Boers of Wakkerstroom, east of Volksrus, lived on a frontier and a ledge. The escarpment along this north eastern line intersects with places like Luneburg, Paulpietersburg, Bilanyoni with Swazi territory further towards the rising sun. June mornings are cold — as cold as the relations between the Boers of Wakkerstroom and local Englishmen. Luneburg was a Lutheran mission station and on the 4th June, the pastor's son Heinrich Filter was killed there along with six black border policemen. Large groups of Qulisi warriors swept back into the northern Zululand region, scooping up hundreds of cattle and other livestock. So it was with fury that commander Chelmsford and Wood heard what was going on between the Boers and the Zulu along the Mkhondo River. The two nations were in league against their common imperial enemy. Zulu deputations had visited the bughers and some Boers had even travelled to go and see king Cetshwayo kaMpande. By June reports circulated the there were even more Boers than usual wintering along the border, below the icy escarpment amongst the Zulu imizi of the Phongola. The fact that they were safe confirmed all suspicions that there was Zulu-Boer collusion. Suspicions were further confirmed when the British found out that the Boers were even acting as guides leading the Zulu impis in their June raids that had been so destructive. Chelmsford had been putting together a potent column for his return to Zululand after he had relieved Eshowe, and in May he began a slow moving march to Ondini. Ranging in front of his force as it gathered close to Rorke's Drift for the second major invasion, were his reconnaissance units, scouts and observers. And one of these observers was the enthusiastic but reckless twenty three year-old Prince Imperial of France, Louis Napoleon. The last hope of the Bonapartist dynasty, serving on Chelmsford's staff. He was the only son of Emperor Napoleon the Third, great-nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. In his first 14 years he had lived the pampered life of a monarch-in-waiting, but that changed in 1870 when his father was deposed after a string of defeats in the Franco-Prussian war. Louis fled to England with his mother Empress Eugenie. Queen Victoria gave them a warm welcome — in 1871 his father was released by the Prussians and joined Eugenie and Louis at a rented mansion in Chislehurst in Kent. A failed attempt to remove a gallstone killed the Emperor n 1873, and Louis ended up in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich.

In 1938, Catherine Duleep Singh, goddaughter of Queen Victoria and daughter of the last Maharajah of Punjab, personally secured the escape of Jewish families to Britain, saving them from the Holocaust. Her story didn't end there, she became a prominent suffragette, fighting for women's rights while navigating life in exile. We explore her remarkable courage, activism, and the lives she forever changed.Our listener survey is live - find it here.This podcast was brought to you thanks to the support of readers of The Times and The Sunday Times. Subscribe today: http://thetimes.com/thestoryRead by: Jack Blackburn, history correspondent for The Times.Producer: Dave CreaseyRead more: Last princess of Punjab who saved families from the HolocaustImage: Getty ImagesThis podcast was brought to you thanks to subscribers of The Times and The Sunday Times. To enjoy unlimited digital access to all our journalism subscribe here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The girls begin the episode chatting about their FYPs. Dena discusses the McDonalds CEO parody by @itscatsullivan, @hiitsjana trying to change her handle, and @mad_mitch on purchasing concert tickets in 2026. Catalina shares the @zaralarsson takeover of her algorithm, including @coachbalto's Portland Bike Bus, as well as Queen Victoria's 4X4 figure (@royaltyfandom) and @jettashmetta being the spooky synth player. In the audio segment @elyse_j ust_elyse explains the Azealia Banks  song that that @charlidamelio is dancing to and Dena wants a clip by @phorlokoo to go even more viral asap. After a quick chat about people reacting to Rob Rausch's father (@bran__flakezz) they end with food and drink trends, spotlighting @margsr's reaction to one Tru Fru on a snack plate.  Check out all the videos we mention and more on our blog (2old4tiktok.com), Instagram (@2old4tiktokpod), and TikTok (@2old4tiktok_podcast). 

Welcome to the second series of our journey through space and time as we move on into The Tenth Doctor Era!Following the Christmas special that preceded it, we now dive on into Series Two proper with The Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler's first two adventures together; facing a sassy old enemy and some sinister cat nuns in the very distant future of NEW EARTH, and taking a supernatural turn in the latest celebrity historical episode featuring Pauline Collins as Queen Victoria facing an assassination plot with a genuine werewolf in TOOTH AND CLAW!Lots of fun and foreshadowing in these first two episodes of the series, what did Jeannine make of Tennant's first adventures?We hope you enjoy and join us for more!Our YouTube Channel for all our video content: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvACMX8jX1qQ5ClrGW53vow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠The It's A Wonderful Podcast Theme by David B. Music.Donate:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.buymeacoffee.com/ItsAWonderful1⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join our Patreon:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/ItsAWonderful1⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠IT'S A WONDERFUL PODCAST STORE:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.teepublic.com/user/g9design⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sub to the feed and download now on all major podcast platforms and be sure to rate, review and SHARE AROUND!!Keep up with us on (X) Twitter:Podcast:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/ItsAWonderful1⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Morgan:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/Th3PurpleDon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jeannine:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/JeannineDaBean⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠_Keep being wonderful!!

In 1898, the British founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale, invited the Muslim leader Aga Khan III around to her London home for tea. They were two of the most famous figures of the 20th century and their discussion was wide-ranging, touching on faith, healthcare and even Queen Victoria. The Aga Khan, Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, spoke to the BBC about the meeting in 1950. This programme was produced and presented by Rachel Naylor, in collaboration with BBC Archives. Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by and curious about the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from how the Excel spreadsheet was developed, the creation of cartoon rabbit Miffy and how the sound barrier was broken.We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: the moment Reagan and Gorbachev met in Geneva, Haitian singer Emerante de Pradines' life and Omar Sharif's legendary movie entrance in Lawrence of Arabia.You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, like the invention of a stent which has saved lives around the world; the birth of the G7; and the meeting of Maldives' ministers underwater. We cover everything from World War Two and Cold War stories to Black History Month and our journeys into space.(Photo: Aga Khan III, June 1924. Credit: MacGregor / Topical Press Agency / Getty Images)

Mentor Sessions Ep. 054: Peter McCormack & Dr. Jack Kruse Fabian Society Exposed: History, Money, Power, & HealthWhat if a centuries-old Fabian Society plot is secretly reclaiming absolute control over UK politics, money, and power—tying into Bitcoin's decentralized revolution, Epstein's hidden genome obsession, and the urgent need for true health, time optimization, and mass noncompliance? In this explosive interview, podcast powerhouse Peter McCormack and decentralized neurosurgeon Dr. Jack Kruse dive deep into the UK's dire political crisis, Fabian history from Queen Victoria to World War II, and how cryptography, Zionism, and elite bankers shaped modern money systems. They expose MKUltra's melanin destruction, the Human Genome Project's dark ties to Rockefeller medicine, and why Bitcoin's proof-of-work timestamping is the ultimate weapon against centralized power.Peter reveals his "I No Longer Consent" project to inspire UK citizens to reject oppressive systems through noncompliance, while Dr. Kruse warns of health sabotage via vaccines, fake food, and polarized light—urging Bitcoiners to prioritize time as the scarcest asset over fiat illusions. Discover how reconnecting with nature and embracing Bitcoin's ethos can counter Fabian control, economic theft, and societal decay. For orange-pilled truth-seekers questioning UK politics, history, money manipulation, power dynamics, health hacks, time mastery, noncompliance strategies, and political solutions in a fiat world, this episode is your wake-up call to sovereignty.About Peter McCormack:Host of The Peter McCormack Show and founder of the "I No Longer Consent" movement.X: https://x.com/PeterMcCormackAbout Dr. Jack Kruse:Neurosurgeon and decentralized health expert.X: https://x.com/DrJackKruseChapters:00:00:00 Teaser & Intro Clips00:01:46 State of UK Politics00:04:39 Understanding the Fabians00:05:04 The Role of Cryptography and History00:28:10 The Intersection of Genetics and Control00:41:56 The Value of Time vs. Bitcoin00:47:49 The Bully Pulpit and Responsibility00:53:09 The No Longer Consent Movement00:56:07 Challenging the State and Political Power00:59:32 Reconnecting with Nature and Ambition01:06:42 The Future of the UK and Bitcoin's Role ⚡ POWERED by Abundant Mines: Fully managed Bitcoin mining. Learn more at https://qrco.de/bgYKPB

Did you know that the last battle fought on English soil occurred in the early years of Queen Victoria – out in the Kent countryside? Historical novelist Ian Breckon has unearthed the extraordinary tale of Mad Tom and his 'rising' in the late 1830s and what it tells us about rural life at the time. Ian spoke with Plodcast host Fergus Collins on a walk in London's Highgate Woods.Ian's book Mad Tom's Rising: The Revolutionary Mystic Sir William Courtenay and the Last Battle Fought on English Soil is published by Icon Books.Our Facebook page is back! Search "Countryfile Magazine - Plodcast Community" or join the discussion here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/countryfilemagazineplodcast/?ref=shareThe BBC Countryfile Magazine Plodcast is the Publishers Podcast Awards Special Interest Podcast of the Year 2024 & 2025 and the PPA Podcast of the Year 2022. If you've enjoyed the plodcast, don't forget to leave likes and positive reviews. Contact the Plodcast team and send your sound recordings of the countryside to: theplodcast@countryfile.com. If your letter, email or message is read out on the show, you could WIN a Plodcast Postbag prize of a wildlife- or countryside-themed book chosen by the team. The Plodcast is produced by Jack Bateman and Lewis Dobbs. The theme tune was written and performed by Blair Dunlop. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Queen Victoria was – so legend has it – famously 'not amused'. But, as Dr Bob Nicholson reveals in this episode of the HistoryExtra podcast, the long-lived queen did have a sense of humour – as did her subjects. Speaking with David Musgrove, Bob explores what made people laugh in the 19th century.  Please note: this episode contains some very strong language and adult humour. ----- GO BEYOND THE PODCAST Want to delve further into the stranger side of Victorian life? Listen to our series on the life of 19th-century circus showman, animal wrangler, and long-distance wheelbarrow pedestrian Bob Carlisle in our podcast series, The Tiger Tamer who Went to Sea: https://bit.ly/4qBaCFH. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

What is the most recognisable symbol in jewellery history? The heart. In this Valentine's special episode of Gem Pursuit, Matthew Weldon and Fenia Sigkoudi explore the enduring story of the heart motif — a symbol that has carried secret messages, sealed romantic promises, and expressed devotion for centuries. We begin in the ancient world, where the heart was believed to be the centre of the soul, and trace how medieval courtly love helped shape the heart into a romantic emblem. From early love tokens and poetic brooches to protective witch hearts and crowned double hearts, the symbol evolved into a powerful visual language of love, loyalty, and longing. The episode also explores the Victorian era's obsession with sentimental heart jewellery, from Queen Victoria's personal charm bracelets to mourning lockets containing hair and portraits. Moving into the 20th century, we look at wartime sweetheart lockets and Elsa Peretti's revolutionary Open Heart design, which transformed the motif into a modern design icon. Finally, we turn to some of history's most spectacular heart-shaped jewels, including Elizabeth Taylor's Taj Mahal diamond, the legendary Blue Heart Diamond, and the technically astonishing Graff Venus — alongside iconic heart jewels worn by figures from Wallis Simpson to Lady Gaga. From intimate love tokens to world-famous gemstones, the heart has remained jewellery's most timeless symbol — and it's not going anywhere any time soon. www.courtville.ie Get social with Courtville, follow us on Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok This podcast was produced for Courtville by Tape Deck

Discover how drugs shaped empires, creativity, and chaos throughout history.From ancient battlefields to Victorian medicine cabinets, this week's episode of History Rage dives into the surprising — and often shocking — role of substance use across the ages. Host Paul Bavill is joined by historian and writer Sam Kelly (@humanhistoryondrugs) for a deep, thought-provoking journey through how drugs influenced the world's most famous figures, ideas, and empires.Together, they uncover how Alexander the Great, Sigmund Freud, Queen Victoria, and even Pope Leo XIII all encountered (and indulged in) mind-altering substances — often with world-changing consequences. From Freud's cocaine-fuelled psychology to the British Empire's opium trade, from religious visions to artistic inspiration, Sam and Paul reveal the hidden highs and devastating lows that shaped history's greatest moments.You'll learn how drugs were once tools of power and creativity, but also instruments of destruction. And, as Sam reminds us, it's never a simple story — these substances weren't inherently good or bad, but they were always influential.If you've ever wondered what connects emperors, popes, poets, and programmers — or how LSD helped inspire modern computing — this is an episode you won't want to miss.

Lin Zexu believed moral clarity and the largest drug bust in history could end the opium crisis and avert war. Yet, as his solution drained into Humen Bay, so too did the last hope of peace between China and Britain.Time Period Covered:1836–June 1839 Major Historical Figures: The Qing Empire:The Daoguang Emperor (Aisin-Gioro Minning) [r. 1820–1850]Lin Zexu, Imperial Commissioner and Governor-General of Huguang [1785–1850]Deng Tingzhen, Governor-General of Liangguang [1776–1846]Huang Juezi, Minister and court official (opium policy advocate) The British Empire:King William IV [r. 1830–1837]Queen Victoria [r. 1837–1901]Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Foreign Secretary [1784–1865]Charles Elliot, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China [1801–1875]Lancelot Dent, Opium trader and head of Dent & Co. [1799–1875]James Matheson, Merchant and political advocate for war [1796–1878] Major Sources Cited:Fairbank, John K. Trade and Diplomacy on the China CoastPlatt, Stephen R. Imperial Twilight: The Opium War and the End of China's Last Golden AgeWakeman, Frederic, Jr. “The Canton Trade and the Opium War,” in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 10Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. The Fall of Imperial ChinaLovell, Julia. The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams and the Making of China Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Letter to the queen of England, from the high Imperial Commissioner Lin, and his colleagues. From the Canton press. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan, author of Rot, introduces the history of the Irish Famine by recounting a folk story about Queen Victoria visiting the devastated village of Skibbereen. He sets the context by explaining how the pre-famine Irish economy relied entirely on the high-yield potato, which allowed landlords to pay incredibly low wages to a capital-poor population.

SHOW SCHEDULE1-29-20261942 LANCASTER PA, ARMISTICE DAY IN WARTIME Guest: Anatol Lieven. Lieven of the Quincy Institute discusses breaking news that Vladimir Putin has agreed to a one-week ceasefire on Ukrainian cities following a request from Donald Trump. Lieven views this as a significant positive signal of Putin's desire to maintain good standing with the incoming administration, though he notes that major territorial disagreements remain unresolved. Guest: Anatol Lieven. The conversation turns to the $300 billion in suspended Russian assets. Lieven outlines Russia's proposal to use these funds for reconstruction or a joint investment fund to avoid confiscation, suggesting that suspending rather than lifting sanctions could be a political compromise to secure U.S. Senate approval. Guest: Chris Riegel. Riegel, CEO of Stratology, analyzes Elon Musk's pivot to manufacturing "Optimus" androids, arguing that California's restrictive tax and labor costs are driving the need for automation. He suggests that major retailers like Walmart are poised to replace significant portions of their workforce with robotics to maintain profitability amid rising economic pressures. Guest: Mariam Wahba. Wahba from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies reports on the persecution of Christians in Nigeria by jihadists and Fulani militants. She details a newly established White House working group designed to help the Nigerian government fix security gaps and enforce laws against the perpetrators of this religiously motivated violence. Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady. O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal critiques the Trump administration's engagement with Venezuela's acting president, Delcy Rodriguez. O'Grady warns that while Rodriguez is cooperating on oil exports, she remains a "vice dictator" managing rival factions to ensure the regime's survival while stalling on the release of political prisoners. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy of the Mercatus Center examines the failure of Georgia's film tax credits, noting that productions eventually moved to cheaper locations despite billions in subsidies. She compares this to federal industrial policies like tariffs and Intel subsidies, arguing that government attempts to "pick winners" rarely produce sustainable economic results. Guest: Michael Toth. Toth of the Civitas Institute warns against new "climate superfund" legislation in states like New York, which seeks to retroactively tax fossil fuel companies for global warming. He characterizes these funds as unconstitutional attempts to regulate global emissions at the state level, arguing they will function as slush funds that drive up energy costs. Guest: Michael Toth. The segment focuses on California's strategy to empower the Attorney General to sue fossil fuel companies for rising insurance premiums. Toth argues these lawsuits are politically motivated and legally weak, noting that even insurance companies refuse to sue because attributing specific damages or deaths to corporate emissions is factually difficult. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis of the U.S. Army War College reports that Cuba is facing a catastrophic energy collapse, with only days of oil remaining after Mexico and Venezuela cut supplies. He predicts this crisis will likely trigger a massive wave of migration as the island's power grid and economy face a near-total shutdown. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis discusses the Costa Rican election, where center-right candidate Laura Fernandez holds a commanding lead. He describes her as a technocrat focused on combating drug-fueled crime and continuing pro-business policies, noting she is on track to potentially win the presidency in the first round. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis evaluates Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum, praising her pragmatic management of relations with the U.S. despite her leftist ideology. He notes she has navigated threats of tariffs and military intervention by cooperating on border security and extradition, while maintaining political dominance through her predecessor's powerful movement. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis describes the unstable power dynamics in Venezuela, where the Rodriguezfaction cooperates with the U.S. on oil to prevent economic collapse. He warns that rival criminal factions, including the ELN and military figures, may sabotage this arrangement if they fear being betrayed or marginalized by the current leadership. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan, author of Rot, introduces the history of the Irish Famine by recounting a folk story about Queen Victoria visiting the devastated village of Skibbereen. He sets the context by explaining how the pre-famine Irish economy relied entirely on the high-yield potato, which allowed landlords to pay incredibly low wages to a capital-poor population. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan discusses the structure of Irish land ownership, using Shirley Castle as an example of the disconnect between landlords and tenants. He explains that while the landscape looked ancient, landlords were actually modern, sophisticated merchants who extracted rent from a tenant class living on small, unimproved plots known as "conacres." Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan explains the Victorian view of the famine through the lens of economist Thomas Malthus, who believed the "generous" potato encouraged overpopulation. He notes that Britishpolicymakers viewed the famine as a natural, inevitable correction and feared that providing aid would discourage the Irish poor from developing a "civilized" work ethic. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan details the biological cause of the famine: Phytophthora infestans, a water mold that originated in Mexico. He explains that because Irish potatoes were genetically identical clones grown from cuttings, they had zero resistance to the pathogen, which destroyed both growing crops and stored food, leaving the population with no buffer against starvation.

If you've spent any time researching Ireland trips online, you may have noticed a strange pattern: different companies, different websites… and yet the itineraries feel almost identical. There's a reason for that, and it goes back much further than modern travel trends. Why Ireland itineraries follow the same routes Ireland's most familiar travel routes weren't designed with today's vacation style in mind. They were created as efficient ways to move people through the country using the transportation that already existed. In the early 1900s, Ireland didn't yet have a tourism industry as we know it today. What it did have was rail, and soon after, bus travel. By the 1930s, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ) began offering some of Ireland's first organized touring routes. These weren't built around lingering in places or slow travel. They were logistical solutions. The main questions were practical: How do you move people efficiently? How do you show them the country using existing infrastructure? How do you make it work for the greatest number of travelers? Those early routes worked remarkably well – and that's part of the problem. How early transport shaped today's “must-see” stops Once those touring routes were established, certain places naturally became regular stops. Not always because they were the only places worth seeing, but because they fit neatly along the route. Take the journey between the Cliffs of Moher and Killarney. Adare sits conveniently along that path, making it an easy place to pause. Over time, it became known as one of Ireland's prettiest villages – a reputation reinforced by decades of repeat visits. Dublin and Galway evolved into touring hubs for similar reasons. They were connected by rail as early as the mid-19th century, later by bus, making them logical anchor points for traveling west and then looping back again. Some places were already well known long before organized tours existed: The Cliffs of Moher had been a beauty spot since the 1830s, when Cornelius O'Brien built his tower and hosted social gatherings on the cliffs. Ladies View in Killarney gained fame after Queen Victoria's 1861 visit, when her ladies-in-waiting admired the sweeping view over the lakes. None of these locations became popular by accident. But once they were woven into early touring routes, they stayed there — reused, repeated, and passed down generation after generation. How those routes shaped what Ireland is “known for” As those early itineraries became the template, they influenced far more than bus tours. The places along those routes became the Ireland that was photographed, written about, and shared around the world. Over time, they shifted from being convenient stops to being seen as the definitive Ireland experience. They became: The “must-see” locations The places travelers felt they had to visit to say they'd really been to Ireland That's why, even today, most visitors still follow the same general framework – the same bones that were laid down nearly a century ago. Seeing Ireland differently without missing the magic That doesn't mean the well-known sights aren't worth visiting. They absolutely are. The Cliffs of Moher, Killarney National Park, Galway, and Dublin are popular for good reason. But after years of traveling Ireland and planning trips for others, one thing becomes clear: there are many places across the country where travelers can have very similar experiences without the crowds, the constant packing and unpacking, or the feeling of racing the clock. The best Ireland vacations usually include a mix: Iconic locations that live up to their reputation Lesser-visited places that offer space, depth, and a more relaxed pace Planning an Ireland trip that feels intentional Rather than starting with “Where does everyone go?”, a more satisfying approach begins with how you want to experience Ireland. That's the idea behind the Ireland Travel Compass — a planning system built around a five-step process that helps travelers design trips that are truly their own. Instead of inheriting an old touring route, the focus shifts to: Smaller regions Less driving Deeper experiences More time actually enjoying where you are The Compass includes a detailed planning map with more than 300 points across Ireland, featuring: Castles you can visit — and castles you can stay in Historic sites and heritage experiences Accommodations, dining, and tour recommendations Activities ranging from history and culture to animal encounters Every recommendation is based on firsthand travel experience and years of working directly with families and independent travelers. It's especially helpful for travelers who don't want to see everything in one trip — and understand that Ireland is best explored over multiple visits. If an Ireland vacation that feels thoughtful instead of rushed sounds appealing, the Ireland Travel Compass offers a way to step outside the inherited routes and create something that fits you. Traveling in Ireland podcast episode 323 The post Why So Many Ireland Itineraries Look the Same (and How to Plan One That Doesn't) appeared first on Ireland Family Vacations.

The corpse of Vladimir Lenin, founder of the Soviet Union, was placed on display in Moscow's Red Square on 27th January, 1924 - where, astonishingly, he remains viewable to this day.  He'd wanted to be buried next to his mother in Saint Petersburg, but after he suffered a series of strokes, the Soviet government instead secretly planned to build a mausoleum for his body, in part to deify him as a quasi-religious figure. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain how pioneering embalming techniques were created by ‘The Lenin Lab' to look after the cadaver; ponder how mausoleum architect Alexey Shchusev contented with the January freeze; and consider whether an embalmed Queen Victoria would be just as popular a tourist attraction… Further Reading: • ‘Death of Lenin' (The Guardian, 1924): ⁠https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/23/death-of-lenin-archive-1924⁠ • ‘Lenin's Body Improves with Age' (Scientific American, 2015): ⁠https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lenin-s-body-improves-with-age1/⁠ • ‘Russia: 100 Years on from Revolution' (BBC News, 2017): ⁠https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPmlX4kWgjs⁠ Love the show? Support us!  Join 

IT HAPPENED ON THIS DATE, JANUARY 22: A ghost solves her own murder, a 17-ton cheese can't fit through a door, and a man's eyeglasses fog over so fast he walks into a lamppost.EPISODE PAGE: https://WeirdDarkness.com/MWD20260122CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS…00:00:00.000 = Coming Up…00:00:30.003 = The Fastest Temperature Change Ever Recorded00:03:21.616 = Wisconsin Builds a 17-Ton Block of Cheese00:05:42.770 = The Greenbrier Ghost: A Murder Victim Testifies From Beyond The Grave00:12:45.454 = The Press Conference That Ended In Tragedy00:15:32.859 = Queen Victoria's Final Visitor00:16:43.929 = John Donne And The Apparition of His Wife00:18:12.348 = Today Is…00:19:36.912 = A Few Final Funnies00:22:41.380 = That's a WrapNOTE: Some of this content may have been created with assistance from AI tools, but it has been reviewed, edited, narrated, produced, and approved by Darren Marlar, creator and host of Weird Darkness — who, despite popular conspiracy theories, is NOT an AI voice.WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2026, Weird Darkness.#WeirdDarkness, #MorningWD, #DarrenMarlar, #MarlarInTheMorning, #MWD, #GreenbrierGhost, #GhostSolvesMurder, #TrueParanormal, #TrueGhostStories, #ParanormalPodcast, #HorrorPodcast, #StrangeHistory, #ThisDayInHistory, #January22, #Haunted, #GhostStory, #UnexplainedMysteries, #CreepyHistory, #TrueCrime, #DarkHistory

Every one who loved her, called her Pearl. Janis Joplin was an energetic singer who lived life hard and fast. Her talent has been inspirational to generations of musicians. Imagine the heights she could've risen to if her life hadn't been snuffed out too early. Janis became a member of the 27 Club after injecting a potent very pure hit of heroin. The hotel where she overdosed is said to still be haunted by her spirit. Join us for the life and afterlife of Janis Joplin! This Month in History features Queen Victoria being proclaimed Empress of India. Check out the website: http://historygoesbump.com Show notes can be found here: https://historygoesbump.blogspot.com/2026/01/hgb-ep-619-life-and-afterlife-of-janis.html      Become an Executive Producer: http://patreon.com/historygoesbump Music used in this episode: (This Month in History) "In Your Arms" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Music: Mountains 2016 (instrumental), produced by Sascha Ende Link: https://ende.app/en/song/511-mountains-2016-instrumental

Share a commentIf assurance feels out of reach, this conversation invites you into a steadier place. We open with Queen Victoria's honest question—can anyone know they are going to heaven?—and follow the thread through Romans 5:9–11, where Paul ties our confidence to three gifts: safety from wrath, certainty through Christ's living intercession, and the deep enjoyment of God that flows from reconciliation. The point isn't motivational uplift; it's theological bedrock that supports real life.We walk the text slowly. Justification by Christ's blood means the verdict has already been rendered, and that promise reaches into the future with a firm “we shall be saved.” Then we unpack Paul's greater-to-lesser logic: if God reconciled us when we were enemies by Christ's death, much more will he save us by Christ's life. Hebrews 7 sharpens the edge—Jesus saves forever because he lives forever. That turns assurance from a self-managed feeling into a Savior-anchored certainty. Along the way we clarify the difference between the consequences of sin we may experience now and the ultimate wrath believers are spared, keeping the conversation both honest and hopeful.Finally, we turn from safety and certainty to enjoyment. Reconciliation doesn't end with relief; it blossoms into praise. We talk about what it means to exalt in God with clear heads and full hearts, and why joy is not optional flair but the aim of being made right with him. A lighthearted Einstein story ties it together: it's not enough to be recognized—you need to know where you're going. By the end, you'll have a clearer grasp of who holds your future and why that changes how you worship today. If this encouraged you, follow the show, share it with a friend who needs confidence in Christ, and leave a review to help others find it.Get our magazine and daily devotional: https://www.wisdomonline.org/lp/magazineSupport the showStephen's latest book, The Disciples Prayer, is available now. https://www.wisdomonline.org/store/view/the-disciples-prayer-hardback

Narrator: Nadine Brown

Buffalo Bill's Wild West first started touring outdoor arenas in 1883. What started as a western themed circus soon grew in ambition. In the quest to appeal to respectable middle-class family audiences Buffalo Bill was soon promoting his show as an educational experience. The Wild West was supposedly an authentic exhibition of Western American history and culture. Elaborate historical reenactments became key parts of the program. However, these reenactments were rarely accurate and were often totally fictional. What kind of a story was Buffalo Bill trying to tell about America? Tune-in and find out how tiny sharp-shooters, signed pictures of Sitting Bull, and a bow from Queen Victoria all play a role in the story.Join us in Greece in 2026! Check out the itinerary and book HERE!Check out the merch at out T-Public store HERE! See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

As a writer, I'm particularly drawn to great endings, and I read the extraordinary closing paragraphs of Lytton Strachey’s biography Queen Victoria. Strachey imagines Victoria's fading mind retracing the vanished visions of her long history—passing back through decades of memories in a poignant, poetic cascade that captures both the end of a life and the end of an era. Get in touch: podcast@gretchenrubin.com Visit Gretchen's website to learn more about Gretchen's best-selling books, products from The Happiness Project Collection, and the Happier app. Find the transcript for this episode on the episode details page in the Apple Podcasts app. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.