Podcasts about moctezuma ii

Virginie Girod vous emmène à l'aube du XVIe siècle, à la rencontre de La Malinche, figure mexicaine controversée. En 1519, le conquistador Hernán Cortés débarque sur les côtes du Mexique afin de conquérir ce territoire au nom de Charles Quint. Pour former des alliances avec certains peuples locaux, il s'entoure d'interprètes. Une jeune Nahua bientôt surnommée La Malinche entre alors en scène…Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

El pasajero invitado de este episodio es el actor y productor mexicano, Mark Tacher, quien junto a Sergio Almazán, recorren las calles de la CDMX con anécdotas y recuerdos de los barrios donde han transitado. Mark Tacher actualmente conduce el programa de televisión Sale el sol y ha producido exposiciones inmersivas como Harry Potter Magic At Play, que recientemente se presentó en Casa Abierta Monte, uno de los edificios emblemáticos de la ciudad, que fue el palacio de Axayacatl, padre de Moctezuma II y también fue habitada por Hernán Cortés. Únete a la comunidad de El Cocodrilo con Sergio Almazán en su sitio web y redes sociales: www.sergioalmazan.com X: @salmazan71 https://x.com/salmazan71 IG: @ElcocodriloMVS https://www.instagram.com/elcocodrilomvs/ Facebook: El Cocodrilo MVS https://www.facebook.com/ElCocodriloMVS Escucha El Cocodrilo con Sergio Almazán todos los sábados de 16:00 a 17:00 horas y los jueves de 22 a 23 horas. Por MVS 102.5 FM.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Además de efemérides y celebraciones raras, hoy recordamos a Bram Stoker, el encuentro entre Hernán Cortés y Moctezuma II en Tenochtitlán. ¡Ah! Y les traigo una historia que no se saben de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Porque jamás la historia, se atrevió a tanto.

Aquel 30 de junio de 1520, moría asesinado el gran Moctezuma II. La pregunta sigue siendo: ¿murió a manos de los suyos o de los conquistadores españoles?.

durée : 00:30:14 - Carbone 14, le magazine de l'archéologie - par : Vincent Charpentier - Conquise le 13 août 1521 par Cortez et ses conquistadors, la cité de l'empereur Moctezuma II, la fameuse Tenochtitlan, puisque tel est son nom, est alors rapidement rasée pour édifiée la Mexico hispanique. - invités : Steve Bourget Archéologue, responsable des collections Amérique au musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac

Me ha parecido bien narrar la biografía de Hernán Cortés porque seguramente para muchos es un misterio. Para otros, un personaje que les suena, pero que no conocen en profundidad. Para las nuevas generaciones que escuchen a según qué líderes políticos, un personaje tergiversado al que llaman asesino, sin reconocer que antes de su llegada allí los había y que si no fuera por él, quizá el mundo tal como lo conocemos hoy, no existiría. Por tanto, vamos a desvelar sus misterios, su historia y sus conquistas y gestas, que muchas veces obviaron incluso las órdenes de superiores cuando éstos querían beneficiar a enchufados que no merecían tal encargo. La vida de Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés fue un conquistador español que lideró la expedición que derrotó al imperio azteca y sometió a México al dominio de la Corona española. Su vida estuvo marcada por la ambición, el valor, la astucia y la crueldad. En este artículo, repasaremos los principales acontecimientos de su biografía y analizaremos su legado histórico. Nacimiento y juventud Hernán Cortés nació en 1485 en Medellín, una villa de la provincia de Extremadura, en el seno de una familia noble pero empobrecida. Desde niño mostró un carácter rebelde e inquieto, y se interesó por las aventuras de los exploradores que viajaban al Nuevo Mundo. A los 14 años, fue enviado a estudiar leyes a la Universidad de Salamanca, pero pronto abandonó los estudios y regresó a su pueblo natal. En 1504, a los 19 años, decidió embarcarse hacia las Indias, siguiendo el ejemplo de su pariente Francisco Pizarro, el futuro conquistador del Perú. Llegó a la isla de La Española (actual República Dominicana y Haití), donde se estableció como encomendero y funcionario colonial. Participó en varias expediciones a Cuba y otras islas del Caribe, donde se ganó la fama de ser un soldado valiente y un administrador eficaz. La conquista de México En 1518, el gobernador de Cuba, Diego Velázquez, le encargó a Cortés organizar una expedición para explorar las costas de México, donde se rumoreaba que había ricas civilizaciones. Cortés reclutó a unos 500 hombres, 16 caballos y 11 barcos, y partió de Cuba en febrero de 1519, sin esperar la autorización final de Velázquez, quien sospechaba que Cortés quería independizarse de su mando. Tras desembarcar en la península de Yucatán, Cortés fundó la primera ciudad española en México: Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. Allí estableció un cabildo que lo nombró capitán general y justicia mayor, lo que le permitió romper con la autoridad de Velázquez. También quemó sus naves para impedir que sus hombres desertaran o regresaran a Cuba. Cortés inició su marcha hacia el interior del territorio mexicano, acompañado por unos 400 soldados españoles y miles de indígenas aliados, principalmente tlaxcaltecas y totonacas, que eran enemigos del imperio azteca. En su camino, se enfrentó a varias batallas contra los pueblos locales, que fueron vencidos por la superioridad militar y tecnológica de los españoles. En noviembre de 1519, Cortés llegó a Tenochtitlán, la capital del imperio azteca, donde fue recibido pacíficamente por el emperador Moctezuma II. Cortés aprovechó la situación para tomarlo como rehén y exigirle tributos y conversiones al cristianismo. Sin embargo, su dominio sobre la ciudad fue efímero, pues en abril de 1520 tuvo que salir a enfrentar una expedición enviada por Velázquez para arrestarlo. La Noche Triste y la caída de Tenochtitlán Mientras Cortés estaba ausente, estalló una rebelión en Tenochtitlán contra los españoles que habían quedado al mando de Pedro de Alvarado. Los aztecas sitiaron el palacio donde se alojaban los invasores y les impidieron el acceso al agua y los alimentos. Cortés regresó apresuradamente a la ciudad y trató de negociar con los rebeldes, pero fue inútil. En la noche del 30 de junio al 1 de julio de 1520, conocida como la Noche Triste, Cortés y sus hombres intentaron escapar de Tenochtitlán por un puente construido sobre el lago Texcoco. Sin embargo, fueron descubiertos y atacados por los aztecas, que les causaron numerosas bajas. Entre los muertos estaba Moctezuma II, quien fue apedreado por su propio pueblo al intentar calmarlos. Cortés logró huir con unos 300 soldados y se refugió en Tlaxcala, donde reorganizó sus fuerzas y recibió refuerzos de España y Cuba. En mayo de 1521, inició el asedio final a Tenochtitlán, que duró tres meses y fue uno de los episodios más cruentos de la historia. Los aztecas resistieron heroicamente, pero fueron diezmados por el hambre, la sed y las enfermedades traídas por los europeos. El 13 de agosto de 1521, Cortés entró triunfalmente en la ciudad, que estaba en ruinas. Capturó al último emperador azteca, Cuauhtémoc, y lo sometió a torturas para que revelara el paradero de los tesoros reales. Así terminó la conquista de México, que pasó a ser una colonia española bajo el nombre de Nueva España. La consolidación del poder y los conflictos con la Corona Tras la caída de Tenochtitlán, Cortés se dedicó a pacificar y organizar el territorio conquistado. Fundó varias ciudades, como Puebla y Cuernavaca, y repartió tierras, minas y encomiendas entre sus hombres. También exploró otras regiones, como las actuales Guatemala, Honduras y California. Se casó con una princesa indígena, Isabel Moctezuma, hija de Moctezuma II, y tuvo varios hijos mestizos. Sin embargo, su poder y riqueza despertaron la envidia y el recelo de sus rivales y de la Corona española, que lo acusaron de abusar de los indígenas, desobedecer las leyes y aspirar a la independencia. En 1528, Cortés tuvo que viajar a España para defenderse ante el rey Carlos I, quien lo recibió con honores y le confirmó sus títulos y privilegios, pero le quitó el gobierno de Nueva España. Cortés regresó a México en 1530, pero ya no tenía el control político ni militar del territorio. Se dedicó a sus negocios privados y a sus expediciones personales, pero sin mucho éxito. En 1540, volvió a España para reclamar sus derechos y recompensas, pero fue ignorado por el rey y marginado por la corte. Muerte y legado Hernán Cortés murió en 1547 en Castilleja de la Cuesta, cerca de Sevilla, a los 62 años. Fue enterrado en un monasterio franciscano, pero sus restos fueron trasladados varias veces hasta llegar a México en 1946, donde reposan en un mausoleo en el Hospital de Jesús. La figura de Hernán Cortés ha sido objeto de múltiples interpretaciones y valoraciones a lo largo de la historia. Para algunos, fue un héroe que abrió las puertas de un nuevo mundo y difundió la cultura occidental. Para otros, fue un villano que destruyó una civilización milenaria y sometió a un pueblo a la explotación y el genocidio. Lo cierto es que Cortés fue un personaje complejo y contradictorio, que protagonizó una de las epopeyas más asombrosas y trágicas de la humanidad. Otros temas en el programa: 53:21 La envidia 1:07:53 Tatuajes No soy un serial killer - Capítulo 14 Puedes leer más y comentar en mi web, en el enlace directo: https://luisbermejo.com/hernan-cortes-zz-podcast-05x27/ Puedes encontrarme y comentar o enviar tu mensaje o preguntar en: WhatsApp: +34 613031122 Paypal: https://paypal.me/Bermejo Bizum: +34613031122 Web: https://luisbermejo.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ZZPodcast/ X (twitters): https://x.com/LuisBermejo y https://x.com/zz_podcast Instagrams: https://www.instagram.com/luisbermejo/ y https://www.instagram.com/zz_podcast/ Canal Telegram: https://t.me/ZZ_Podcast Canal WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va89ttE6buMPHIIure1H Grupo Signal: https://signal.group/#CjQKIHTVyCK430A0dRu_O55cdjRQzmE1qIk36tCdsHHXgYveEhCuPeJhP3PoAqEpKurq_mAc Grupo Whatsapp: https://chat.whatsapp.com/FQadHkgRn00BzSbZzhNviThttps://chat.whatsapp.com/BNHYlv0p0XX7K4YOrOLei0

Moctezuma II is largely considered to be the last true Aztec emperor. He died shortly after inviting the Spanish, led by Hernán Cortés, into the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán. Moctezuma was a priest and a great general before becoming a respected leader. But public opinion of him changed drastically when he was imprisoned by the very Spaniards he invited into his town. His people became so angry that they threw rocks at him, and killed him. Or did they?This story is told in the third person and the past tense. Important vocabulary in the story includes: “herido” (wounded), “sacerdote” (priest), “argumentan” (argue), and the verb “creer” (to believe).No matter where you are in your language journey, stories will help you on your way. You can find a transcript of the story and read along at https://smalltownspanishteacher.com/2023/11/07/simple-stories-in-spanish-la-muerte-de-moctezuma/ Support the show

Discover how the encounters of Moctezuma II, the emperor of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, with the Spanish during the conquest led to the infamous Moctezuma's Revenge, a traveler's diarrhea that continues to affect foreigners visiting Mexico. Uncover his role in shaping the Aztec empire, while also gaining practical insights to protect yourself from this historical traveler's affliction. Delve into the timeless legacy of this enigmatic historical figure and join us on this engaging journey into the past, filled with intriguing stories and valuable takeaways for your cultural exploration.Key Takeaways:Discover the fascinating life of Moctezuma II, the emperor of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, and his role in shaping the Aztec empire.Learn about the infamous Moctezuma's Revenge or traveler's diarrhea and how it relates to Moctezuma's interactions with the Spanish during the conquest.Gain practical insights to protect yourself from "Moctezuma's Revenge" while traveling in Mexico and appreciate the historical legacy of this enigmatic figure.Relevant Links and Additional Resources:049 - Mexicanas Chigonas | Badass Mexican WomenLevel up your Spanish with our Podcast MembershipGet the full transcript of each episode so you don't miss a wordListen to an extended breakdown section in English going over the most important words and phrasesTest your comprehension with a multiple choice quizIf you enjoy Learn Spanish and Go, please consider subscribing, rating, and reviewing our podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, or Pandora. This helps us reach more listeners like you. ¡Hasta la próxima!Support the show

Maravillados por una ciudad impresionante eregida entre una gran extensión de lagos; los españoles se dirigieron por una calzada principal hasta la entrada de Tenochtitlan; presenciando el maravilloso espectáculo de lagos y canales; sin duda una de las mayores ciudades del mundo por aquel momento.Los españoles por entonces no podían siguiera pronunciar bien el nombre de esta ciudad: Tenustitan, Tenochtitlan, Tenestecan o Temixtitan.Eran algunos de las formas en que intentaban dar nombre a esta urbe en el nuevo mundo….Hernan Cortés asombrado describiría en sus cartas al Rey Carlos V de España; que esta gran ciudad no era menor que la Corona Imperial Alemana.Los españoles llegaban a la entrada de la ciudad; ante el asombro de multitud de personas que les notaban distintos. Pronto se encontrarían frente a frente el imponente tlatoani mexica: Moctecuzoma Xocoyotzin y Hernán Cortés, el ambicioso conquistador.

Last time we spoke about the assassination of Kim Ok-kyun and the Donhak Rebellion. Conflicts between China and Japan had heated up to the boiling point at last. The pro Japanese politician Kim Ok-kyun was assassinated serving also as an insult towards Japan. The Beiyang Fleet's visit to Nagasaki resulted in embarrassment and an awkward threat for Japan. Japan was not happy with the SINO situation and actively began building her navy to have the capability of facing off against the Beiyang fleet. Then a violent rebellion of the Donghak faith emerged in Korea prompting a very panicked King Gojong to call upon his Qing allies for aid. The Qing took up the call for help and although it differs from source to source, did or did not notify the Japanese of their actions. Regardless, both China and Japan prepared forces that would embark for Korea. The chess pieces were on the board and now things were set into motion that could not be undone.   #49 The First Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895 Part 1: The Battle of Pungdo   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The Tonghak rebels can be seen more as a symptom than a disease of the ailing Joseon dynasty. She was a nation stuck between two tigers, two tigers who were both trying to eat her. The turmoil of the later half of the 19th century was tearing Korea apart. Her citizens were forced into this quasi black and white choice between China or Japan, particularly when it came to the topic of modernization. The Tonghak followers were rallying against a tyrannical government who were overtaxing them. Major revolts occurred in 1885, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892 and 1893. By February of 1894 the unrest rose dramatically and in April the Tonghaks were in a full scale open rebellion. The target of their hatred were the corrupt officials oppressing them through over taxation and incompetency. But one thing that is funny about the Tonghak story, one that is almost never mentioned, is rumors spread to the Tonghaks that China and Japan were on the verge of sending troops and this prompted them on June 1st to agree to a cease-fire to remove the possibility of foreign intervention. Well that should have been the end of our story, China and Japan keep their boys home and the 3 nations lived happily ever after? On June 2nd, the Japanese cabinet decided to send troops to Korea, if China did so, they also made sure to muzzle any political opposition by asking the emperor to dissolve the lower chamber of the diet. We have the official documentation to back this, thus if China did not send troops, Japan would not have a justification to send there's, however a problem arose. The next day, King Gojong on the recommendation of the Min clan and Yuang Shikai, requested China send troops to help suppress the rebellion. King Gojong had thus unwittingly given the hawkish Japanese military leaders the pretext they desired for so long, another chance to intervene in Korea on a large scale. Why did the Min clan push King Gojong to do this despite the Tonghak basically calling a truce? Turns out the Tonghak's were particularly targeting the Min clan and their allies and there were rumors they had contact with the Daewongun. Within a few days Japan is on a military footing. On June 5th the first IJA HQ is established and on the 6th the ministries of the IJA and IJN issued instructions to the press not to print any information concerning warlike operations, they mean business. Despite this many Japanese news outlets ignore the order, leading to countless being suspended for a day. Now again the sources are sticky with how this part goes down, but on June 7th, China notified Japan in accordance with the Treaty of Tianjin. The notification states that China is sending 2000 troops to Nanyang, which is located on the coast between Seoul and Asan. Within hours of receiving the notification, Japan sends its own notice to China that it is also sending troops, which is in line with the treaty. Also at this same time the Asahi Shinbun reports that Russia is sending ground forces and warships to Korea. It seems the Asahi Shinbun made this report largely to compare the actions of Japan and China to a western power, alongside noting how much Japan had modernized. Remember, Japan's Meiji restoration began exclusively as a means to thwart colonization, but by this point Japan now seeks to become a world power. Japan is emulating the greatest nations of the world, and the actions she will take for the following years certainly emphasize that. Within days, 2000 Japanese IJA forces have landed and are marching towards Seoul despite the Korean government pleading for them to refrain from sending forces. It is far too late however, the troops are arriving and it seems Japan was prepared well in advance to do this. In accordance with the treaty of Tianjin, the end of the rebellion meant that China and Japan no longer had legitimate grounds to send forces and should have withdrawn. But Japan began making claims their troop deployment was necessary for the protection of their embassy, consulates and citizens within Korea. Now by the 8th, 4000 Japanese soldiers and 500 sailors have landed at Jemulpo, current day Incheon. A public ceasefire acknowledge for the Donghak rebellion is issued on the 11th, though it is already known days before. The harbor of Incheon looks like its participating in an international naval show. On the 13th 9 IJN warships and transports along with 4 Beiyang warships are anchored there. Alongside them are an assortment of international ships from nations like Russia, Britain, France and America. Also on the 13th the Japanese government sends a telegraph to the commander of Japanese forces in Korea, Otori Keisuke to keep the forces within Korea for as long as possible despite the public announcement that the Donghak rebellion is over. On the 15th another 8 more Japanese transports arrive with 6000 troops disembarked. On the 16th Japanese foreign minister Mutsu Munemistu meets with the Qing ambassador to Japan, Wang Fengzao to discuss the future status of Korea. Wang states the Qing government intends to pull out of Korea once the Donghak rebellion is fully suppressed and expects Japan to do the same. But he also acknowledges that China will retain a resident to look after Chinese primacy in Korea, ie: Mr Yuan Shikai. Soon there are 10 IJN warships actively patrolling Korean waters and on the 18th the ministry of the IJN issues new naval fleet regulations. On the other side, Li Hongzhang is trying desperately to avoid war and maintain stable relations with Japan. He has been spending years doing this, trying to get other Western powers to take a more active role in Korea to thwart Japan's ambitions over her. During this period and even in the upcoming war, Li Hongzhang continues to try and involve western powers to end the conflict. When King Gojong pleaded for help, Li Hongzhang made sure the troops would not go directly to Seoul, which he knew would upset Japan. The troops instead went to Nanyang and Asan where they could hit the Donghak before they marched northwards from Cholla upon Seoul. Li Hongzhang had hoped by doing this, the Japanese would choose not to become involved, but he was gravely wrong. Once Japan began sending troops, Li proposed to the Japanese that both nations should agree to withdraw. On the 16th Japan made a counterproposal, stating China and Japan should cooperate in assisting Korea to undertake the major steps to promote modernization. However it was obvious to all, Japan sought to promote economic development in Korea for its own interests, to obtain Korean grain at cheap prices. Thus Japan's proposal was refused. On the 22nd Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi told his fellow politician colleague Matsukata Masayoshi, he believed the Qing empire was making military preparations and that “there is probably no policy but to go to war”. Mutsu Munemitsu likewise sends word to Otori Keisuke to press the Korean government on Japanese demands. On the 26nd Otori presents a set of reform proposal to King Gojong, but instead of accepting them, he insists on troop withdrawals. At about this time, Yuan Shikai see's the paint on the wall and on the 27th requests permission from Li Hongzhang to return to China. However Li Hongzhang only sent a response 20 days later granting it. On July 19th, Yuan Shikai would disguise himself as a Chinese servant of a Russian military attache and flee Seoul for Peking. In the later half of June, Japanese newspapers are ramping things up. The Japan Weekly Mail read this “It is apparent that the restless energies of the people yearn for employment in a foreign war”, a week later “The Tokyo journals unite in urging upon the Government the importance of utilizing the present opportunity for wiping away the stain left on the national honor by th fatal error of 1884”. The bitter lesson learnt from 1884, next time bring more men. Such news articles were working wonders as during the last week of June, Japanese public petitions from multiple prefectures were requesting permission to raise troops. In early July an imperial ordinance established extraordinary powers to regulate the sale of goods with military applications raising public concern. By the third week of july, the “Korean question” was the only thing in the Japanese press and the Japan Weekly Mail predicted “It now looks as though war is inevitable”. Indeed on July 7th the British ambassador to China openly acknowledged the mediation between China and Japan had failed. Now initially China just sent 2-3 thousand forces, while Japan matched them with 8000, these are the numbers they are reporting officially, the real numbers for both are much higher. Regardless, once the fighting begins, both sides toss troops into Korea at such a high rate it was hard for people to keep actual figures. Now Li Hongzhang made no war preparation attempts to match the increasing Japanese numbers coming into Korea. His strategy remained to avoid hostilities. He hoped to secure European intervention to rein in the Japanese, this was his primary strategy. Li Hongzhang was the commander of the Qing's most modern military force and had a considerable amount of knowledge about Japan because of his role as a diplomat. He knew the Qing forces were no match for the IJA, for that there is no doubt. Li worked like a mad dog to push European powers to rescue the Korea situation, but he had overestimated their willingness to intervene and to be honest their disgust with the Qing political situation. Li Hongzhang seems to have misread the political situation in Japan as well. Many Chinese officials in Japan were feeding reports back to China about feuding between the Diet and Cabinet and their conclusions were that the political divisions would most likely prevent Japan from launching an effective military campaign. Its sort of interesting they came to such conclusions, as it may have been more of a understanding of their own Chinese political situation rather than Japan. The Manchu-Han division was indeed hampering Chinese foreign policy for example, but Japan shared a national identity, it was a case of apples and oranges. Li Hongzhang first turned to Russia for help in mid June, but it came to nothing. Britain made an effort, but failed. Italy tried mediation and like Britain failed. King Gojong went to the Americans for help, but they were employing an isolationist policy at the time. Yes good old isolationist America, back in the ol days.  Now when the Japanese made their counter proposal and the Qing declined it on June 21st, Japan responded by stating they did not intend to withdraw from Korea until their reforms were implemented. Li responded “On the approach of the Chinese forces the insurgents [Tonghaks] dispersed. China now desires to withdraw, but Japan refuses to evacuate simultaneously with China, and proposes a joint occupation, the administration of Korean finances, and the introduction of reforms. These are tasks which China cannot accept." The reality of the matte for the Japanese government was that the current Korean situation did not meet her national security interests nor her economic ones. As Japan poured her troops into Korea, her politicians also put relentless pressure on King Gojong to implement their desired reforms. The Korean government unsuccessfully tried to convince Japan that they would adopt the reforms if they withdrew their troops.  On July 22nd, the Japanese received word, Li Hongzhang had overcome domestic opposition with the Qing court and now large reinforcements were going to be sent to Korea. Though Li Hongzhang wanted to avoid hostilities, his hands were tied, if the Qing did retain a presence in Korea it would threaten the legitimacy of their Manchu dynasty. But in a typical Qing fashion, the troops were delayed and would not make it to Korea in time. Well the Japanese were done dancing with the Chinese and Korean, on the 23rd the IJA forces in Seoul suddenly stormed the Joseon royal palace and took King Gojong hostage. The New York Times had this to say "The Japanese have announced that they will hold the King of Corea as a hostage until the internal reforms demanded by Japan shall have been satisfactorily guaranteed." Well the Tonghak rebellion flared right back up and took rapid momentum, going from what was a regional event to a national uprising. The IJA were brutal in their suppression of the Tonghaks and this fueled the Korean public against them. Likewise the Qing were placed with their backs against the wall, if they did nothing about Japans seizure of King Gojong, they were basically giving up suzerainty over Korea. Japan's actions were obvious, they wanted war and they were going to get it. On the afternoon of the 23rd, with King Gojong in hand, the IJA began storming and disarming Korean garrisons in Seoul. By the end of the day the capital of Korea was in Japanese hands. The Japanese then recalled the Daewongun to oversee the Japanese style reform program. Yes the anti-foreign, isolationist icon ironically was chosen. The Daewongun always looking for an opportunity to regain power had little options laid bare to him so he took up the job, on the sole condition Japan refrain from annexing any Korean territory. That day the Daewongun met with King Gojong at the royal palace, they had not seen each other for nearly a decade. The father scolded his son for misrule and Gojong apologized requesting the Daewongun become regent again. I will add these sources are coming from Japan, I am sure it did not at all go down like this. Give the sort of feeling when you read about Hernan Cortez and Moctezuma II, if you know the sources for that one, well you know. The Daewongun went to work, immediately exiling the Min clan to some small islands and the new government renounced multiple treaties with the Qing dynasty, thus severing its tributary ties.  The Japanese backed reform program became known as the Kabo reform movement, which would go on from July 1894 to February 1896. It was not all bad to be honest, a lot of it was to create an efficient and honest government. Posts were given fixed responsibilities and salaries; a national budget was established; better tax structure; the military/judiciary and educational system were given overhauls and the nation's infrastructure was modernized rapidly. The most significant reform was taking away the Yangbang class monopoly on public offices, basically an end to the Chinese examination system. In a single stroke the Japanese had destroyed Korea's aristocracy, the elites were destroyed. As for the Daewongun, ever the plotter, he secretly envisioned a pincer movement on Seoul with the Tonghaks from the south and the Qing from the north. Unfortunately for him, the Japanese found out about this later on when they found documents containing such plans and this would lead later on to him being forced into retirement.  Li Hongzhang knew Qing forces were no match for the Japanese. Zhili, Shandong and the Fengtian provinces had around 40 battalions with 20,000 or so first-line action men and 20 battalions only fit for garrison duty. All of the rest were Green Standards who were pretty useless. And lets be honest, this series has shown the Green Standards to be …well nothing less than so. He faced around 50,000 Japanese to his estimates, and he concluded they would need to recruit 20-30 additional battalions which would set back the dynasty 2-3 million taels. William Ferdinand Tyler who served in the Beiyang northern squadron and witness the battles of Yali and Weihaiwei later on had this to say of Li's position "the Viceroy's game was merely bluff, not genuine defence; his army and navy were the equivalent of the terrifying masks which Eastern medieval soldiers wore to scare their enemy. He knew that if it came to actual blows he would stand but little chance; but he carried on his bluff so far that withdrawal was impossible, and the Empress Dowager urged him on - probably much against his will. And Japan 'saw him,' as they say in poker." Just about everyone believed China would stomp Japan however. British envoy to China, Sir Robert Hart embodied the worldview stating “999 out of every 1000 Chinese are sure big China can thrash little Japan”. But China was fractured realistically. Empress Dowager Cixi's authority over the dynasty was only held because it was fractured, she could not allow the nation to have a real unified government. Such a government would most certainly unify against her and the Manchu. To stay in power Cixi checked every possible rival, even Li Hongzhang. All of the internal turmoil undermined the Qing's ability to modernize its military and this also caused factional rivalries within the military. Cixi controlled the funds for the Qing navy and infamously siphoned naval funds for the renovation of the Summer Palace. Li Hongzhang could not do anything about this specific matter because he would lose favor with her, and her favor was all that kept his authority so he could deal with the conflict. Yet all these internal problems were non existent in the minds of the elites in China nor the western onlookers who simply believed China would give Japan a quick spanking, take this from the North China Herald  "the breaking out of war between China and Japan is only a question of days, perhaps of hours. The real reason for Japan's desire for war was "that the Japanese government prefers a foreign to a civil war. The discontent of the majority of the House of Representatives was getting serious...A foreign war, however, is expected to reunite the people; it is an outlet for the bad blood which has been accumulating of late years in the body politic."  While the Japanese were doing everything possible to stir up a war, Li Hongzhang was extremely careful to minimize the possibility of a clash. He ordered the Qing forces to encamp 80 miles to the south of Seoul around Asan. He was in contact with the Tonghak and indeed a pincer maneuver was agreed upon. The Qing forces took up a stance between Asan and Pyongyang and the Japanese realized it would be much easier to hit their reinforcements at sea rather than commence with a land offensive. On July 16th, when 8000 Qing forces arrived to Pyongyang, the Japanese sent Li Hongzhang an ultimatum, threatening to take action if any additional forces were sent to Korea. At the same time orders were given to General Oshima Yoshimasa leading the 9th brigade of the 5th division at Chemulpo and the commanders of IJN warships there to initiate military operations if any more Chinese troops were sent to Korea. Li Hongzhang suspected Japan was bluffing and therefore sent reinforcements to the commander at Asan, General Ye Zhichao, 2500 troops who left Dagu on 3 transports, the Irene, Fei Ching and Kowshing. The first two transports carrying 1300 of the troops left on the night of July 23rd with cruiser Jiyuan, torpedo boats Kwang-yi and Tsao-kiang as escort, they could also rely on the cruiser Weiyuan at port in Chemulpo for support. The two transports successfully landed their troops on the 24th. The IJN had deployed a component of their combined fleet to Korean waters by this point. The IJN sent 15 major warships and 7 torpedo boats under Vice Admiral Ito Sukeyuki from Sasebo to Gunsan on July 23rd. There was also the flying squadron of Rear Admiral Tsuboi Kozo who was dispatched to Chemulpo to aid the weak forced anchored there. At Chemulpo were the ships Yaeyama, Musashi and Oshima, while Tsuboi was bringing the cruisers Yoshino, Akitsushima and Naniwa. Tsuboi's task was to prevent any Qing landings. The, Captain Fang Boqian of the Jiyuan received word of the Japanese actions in Seoul and Chemulpo from the Weiyuan and on July 25 ordered the Irene and Fei Ching to head back to Dagu, while the Weiyuan would head for Weihaiwei to report to Admiral Ding Ruchang of the situation unfolding in Korea. However the third transport, the Kowshing was late, thus Fang Boqian decided to remain at Asan bay with cruiser Jiyuan and torpedo boat Kawng-yi to protect its landing.  On the morning of the 25th the Jiyuan and Kwang-yi departed Asan to meet up with the Kowshing and Tsao-kiang. Near the small island of Pundo the Qing vessels would run into the Tsuboi's squadron. Tsbuoi's had gone to Pungdo trying to rendezvous with the Yaeyama and Oshima. At around 6:40am, the Japanese spotted two warships heading south-west, these were the Jiyuan and Kawng-yi. Tsuboi guessed they were escorting Qing transports and went in to investigate. Captain Fang Boqian spotted the incoming Japanese warships, greatly alarmed by their appearance. He ordered the Qing ships to increase speed to escape and this prompted the Japanese to do the same. Yoshino headed the formation with Naniwa and Akitsushima behind, trying to outmaneuver the Qing and prevent their escape.  At 7:45am the Yoshino and Jiyuan were closing in around 3km from another, then at 7:52 Naniwa suddenly opened fire on the Jiyuan. After Naniwa, the Yoshina and Akitsushima began firing. Yoshina and Naniwa concentrated on Jiyuan while the Akitsushima fired upon the Kwang-yi which was around a km behind Jiyuan. The Qing ships returned fire, but the Japanese had distinctly taken the advantage by opening up first. The first shells hit Jiyuan's conning tower, demolishing it and severely damaged her steering mechanism. The second volley hit her forward barbette guns taking them out of action and soon shells were hitting her midship causing carnage and panic amongst her crew. Qing commanders had to quell the panic with their revolvers pointed at the gunners until they regained their composure and continued to fire upon the enemy. The Jiyuan made a dash for open sea as her crews tried to repair her steering mechanism. Meanwhile the Kwang-yi was hit at the offset of battle, the Akitsushima had fired a shell penetrating her hull below the waterline and damaging her boiler room. She rapidly took on water, prompting Captain Lin Kuohsiang to ordered her beached. Enveloped by fire, smoke and steam Kwang-yi turned southeast to beach along the shore while Naniwa began firing on her. Kwang-yi's crews quickly abandoned ship as the Naniwa shelled her ferociously causing numerous explosions and turning her into a fiery wreck. 37 of her crew died while 71 including captain Lin Kuohsiang swam to shore.  While the Kwang-yi was destroyed, the Japanese cruisers continued to pursue the Jiyuan which they caught up to at 8:10am. Yoshino and Naniwa were almost abeam of her prompting Captain Fang to prepare to surrender his warship, but then they all saw smoke from the horizon, two more warships were approaching Asan. It was the Kowshing and Tsao-Kiang. The Japanese immediately turned their attention to the new ships bolting towards them as the Jiyuan attempting sneakingaway. Upon spotting the Japanese coming at them, the Tsao-Kiang immediately turned around for Weihaiwei as the poor Kowshing continued slowly towards Asan. Upon seeing what Qing warships were before him, Tsuboi sent Naniwa over to investigate the Kowshing, Yoshino to hunt the Jiyuan and Akitsushima after the Tsao-Kiang. The Tsao-Kiang was caught by 11:37 and surrendered without a fight to the Akitsushima. At 12:05pm the Yoshino ran down the Jiyuan and began firing upon her from 2.5kms away. Captain Fang made daring move and steered his ship among some shoals, managing to escape the Yoshino who would not risk the dangerous waters. Meanwhile the Kowshing, which was a British vessel captained by Thomas Ryder Galsworthy chattered last minute by the Qing had no knowledge of the battle that had occurred. Galsworthy felt safe under the protection of the British civil ensign and just kept sailing. At 9am the Captain of the Naniwa, Captain Togo Heihachiro, yes the future legendary fleet admiral of the IJN combined fleet who would win the legendary battle of Tsushima ordered the Kowshing to follow him as he would escort it to the Japanese squadron. Galsworthy made a protest citing British neutrality, but complied nonetheless. The unfortunate issue, was the Qing soldiers on his ship who did not comply. The Qing soldiers began threatening to kill the crew if they continued to sail over with the Japanese. Galsworthy tried negotiating with the angry Qing soldiers, but when it became obvious they were in real danger he along with the British crew jumped overboard, swimming for the Naniwa. Allegedly, as the sources are Japanese mind you. The Qing soldiers began firing upon the British in the water killing all but Galsworthy and two other sailors who were rescued by the Naniwa. Upon seeing all of this, the Naniwa then opened fire on the Kowshing, completely obliterating her. Very few aboard managed to swim to safety. It was carnage. The Kowshing launched 2 lifeboats full of Qing soldiers which were fired upon by the Naniwa. 1100 Chinese died in what became known as the battle of Pungdo, 800 alone from the Kowshing. As a foreign commentator said of the event "It was truly a pitiable sight that such a number of officers [on the Kowshing], amongst whom were two generals, should not have sufficient military experience to understand the absurdity of attempting resistance in a merchant vessel against a powerful man-of-war.". The Japanese had damaged a cruiser, captured a gunboat and sank another. Something was noted by a reporter of the Japan weekly mail about the battle "the Chinese ships made a miserable fight. There seemed to be a problem with bad ammunition. The Qing had scored a hit, but  the shell had failed to explode and thus did no significant damage. It is suspected to be a result of bad equipment or careless inspection." For those of you who know about the first Sino-Japanese war, or perhaps just know the general history of Empress Dowager Cixi and the corruption of the late Qing dynasty, this is indeed one of the earliest pieces of evidence of what will be a large problem for the Qing Navy. The battle of Pungdo and sinking of the Kowshing would be soon followed by formal declarations of war. On August 1st, Japan declared war on China, stating Korea was an independent state and that China was trying to hold her as a dependency and had rejected Japan's offer to cooperate. Japan had to declare war because China had made “warlike preparations and sent large reinforcements and had opened fire on Japanese ships”. Sounds about right? There was no mention of Japanese much larger warlike preparations, the taking of King Gojong and the first shots being fired from IJN vessels. However the Japanese clearly were writing a declaration not aimed solely at China, but at the world powers, because the thing she coveted most was to join them of course. The declaration made in the name of Emperor Meiji used specific terms like “family of nations, law of nations, international treaties and such”. Japan was being very diplomatically minded. On the other side, Emperor Guangxi on the same day Japan declared ware made the formal declaration of war against Japan and did so by calling the Japanese “Woren” multiple times in the declaration. The declaration showed disdain for the Japanese, and to even make a point the Qing had it translated in English specifically referencing what Woren meant haha. The declaration wreaked of the traditional way the Qing spoke of those they considered inferior and showcased to the world powers, China had not changed much.  The world's press still remained certain, Japan would be crushed by big China. On July 24th, the Times of London predicted China would win because of her size, population and that time was on her side. British advisor to the Qing military, William Lang was interviewed by Reuters and predicted the Japanese would lose. Lang thought that the Chinese navy was well-drilled, the ships were fit, the artillery was at least adequate, and the coastal forts were strong. Weihaiwei “ was impregnable. Although Lang emphasized that everything depended on how China's forces were led, he had faith that 'in the end, there is no doubt that Japan must be utterly crushed'. Only time would tell. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. It seems despite all the efforts, war has finally broken out amongst the siblings of China and Japan. The world seemed convinced big brother would defeat little brother, but little did they know how wrong they would be.

The fall of the Aztecs and the rise of the Spanish in Mexico was a traumatic experience for the people that lived it, especially for Isabella Montezuma. Isabella, originally born as Tecuichpoch Ichcaxochitzin, was the most beloved daughter of Emperor Montezuma, but her life all came crashing down when the Spanish arrived. For the next few decades of her life, Isabella strives to conform to the new society forced on her and watches six husbands come and go throughout her lifetime. Come join me to learn about the life of the last Aztec empress. Works Cited The Last Mexica Princess (2), www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/moctezuma/last-mexica-princess-2. The Last Mexica Princess (1), www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/moctezuma/last-mexica-princess-1. Aztec Education, aztecsandtenochtitlan.com/aztec-civilisation/aztec-education/. Aztec Women, www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/aztec-women. Metmuseum.org, www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/teno_1/hd_teno_1.htm#:~:text=At the time of the,as many as 200,000 inhabitants. “Alonso De Grado.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_de_Grado. “Aztec Daily Life.” HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies, Infographics, Resources and More, www.historycrunch.com/aztec-daily-life.html#/. “Cuauhtémoc.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 June 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuauhtémoc. “Cuitláhuac.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 June 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuitláhuac. Dhwty. “Isabel Moctezuma: The Last Aztec Princess.” Ancient Origins, Ancient Origins, 30 June 2021, www.ancient-origins.net/history-famous-people/isabel-moctezuma-0015222. Harris, Marea, and Marea Harris Marea Harris is one of the authors writing for The Vintage News. “The Amazing Survival Story of the Last Aztec Empress.” Thevintagenews, 10 Oct. 2018, www.thevintagenews.com/2018/08/22/isabel-moctezuma/?chrome=1. History.com Editors. “Hernán Cortés.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/exploration/hernan-cortes. “Isabel Moctezuma.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 June 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Moctezuma. “Leonor Cortés Moctezuma.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 July 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonor_Cortés_Moctezuma. “Moctezuma II.” Aztec History, www.aztec-history.com/moctezuma-ii.html. “Teotlalco.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Mar. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotlalco. Chipman, Donald E. Moctezuma's Children: Aztec Royalty under Spanish Rule, 1520–1700. University of Texas Press, 2005. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7560/706286. Accessed 14 Sep. 2022.

El imperio mexica (azteca) se extendía por varios estados del actual México justo antes de la llegada de los españoles a América. Y aunque el nombre de algunos tlatoanis como Moctezuma II nos resulte familiar, poco se habla de la figura de la mujer en esta sociedad. Las mujeres mexicas, por lo general, estaban excluídas de posiciones de poder dentro de los entornos políticos, comerciales, religiosos o bélicos, pero tuvieron gran importancia en el mantenimiento y desarrollo de esta civilización. Nuestros invitados Wendy Osorio y Omar Espinosa, responsables del proyecto La Libreta Negra MX

El 8 de noviembre de 1519 Hernán Cortés llega a Tenochtitlan para reunirse con Moctezuma II. Nos lo cuenta Nieves Concostrina.

El 8 de noviembre de 1519 Hernán Cortés llega a Tenochtitlan para reunirse con Moctezuma II. Nos lo cuenta Nieves Concostrina.

El 8 de noviembre de 1519 Hernán Cortés llega a Tenochtitlan para reunirse con Moctezuma II. Nos lo cuenta Nieves Concostrina.

Ni de aquí ni de allí. Un viaje a La Antigua Guatemala. En este episodio te hablo sobre una de las ciudades más bonitas que jamás haya visto. Se trata de ciudad colonial de La Antigua Guatemala. Esta ciudad fue la segunda Capitanía General del Nuevo Reino de España y es una de las ciudades coloniales con mayor proyección en lo que sería la historia de la conquista y del Imperio en tierras americanas. Se fundó en 1541 por Pedro de Alvarado, quien fuera encargado por Cortés para descubrir las tierras que se ubicaban al sur de México. A Pedro de Alvarado le seguiría su fama de déspota y despiadado tras la matanza que protagonizó en Tenochtitlan en la que murió Moctezuma II, junto a todo el pueblo que se encontraba congregado para las fiestas de Toxcatl. Todo ocurrió cuando Cortés, tuvo que ausentarse para enfrentar a la expedición de Pánfilo de Narváez quién le había reclamado en su presencia debido a sus constantes desobediencias, dejando en su lugar a Pedro de Alvarado junto a una pequeña compañía de 80 soldados que tendrían que proteger y resguardar a Moctezuma II. Este emperador consideraba a los españoles como unos enviados divinos y pidió a sus vasallos que los conquistadores fuesen trataran con respeto. Y en esa pequeña calma Cortés dejó a Pedro al mando. Se desconocen los motivos por los que Pedro de Alvarado atacó sin piedad, a pesar de haber sido él quien diera permiso para las honras, pero lo terrible es que las barbaries cometidas marcaron el comienzo de la guerra contra los Mexica. Sería más tarde cuando Pedro de Alvarado se adentrara en las tierras del oriente de Guatemala y escribió a Cortés para contarle sobre las grandes riquezas de la zona y que había encontrado un lugar al que los indígenas llaman Quautematlan, tierra de árboles. Un lugar rico y lleno de bondades vegetales. Es en el área de Tecpan donde decide su primera sede, pero lo que desconocía era que la abrupta naturaleza le haría moverse en varias ocasiones de lugar debido a las graves incidencias telúricas y las repetidas inundaciones. Así terminan en Ciudad Vieja, pero es en esta ciudad donde al poco sucede una enorme inundación debido al volcán de agua, que en una de sus erupciones, descargó una gran laguna de agua y lodo hirviendo que cubrió la ciudad. Esos eventos obligaron al movimiento de Ciudad Vieja hacia el valle del Panchoy, donde se pensaba que ese terreno abierto y más alejado de los volcanes, les daría el refugio y el enclave necesario para asentar la nueva ciudad que a partir de 1541 sería la capital del país y se llamaría la Muy, Muy Noble y Leal Ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala. Hoy en día, esa Capitanía de La Nueva España correspondería a Guatemala, Belice, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Chiapas, en México. La Antigua Guatemala, se sitúa a los pies del volcán de Agua, en un extenso valle plano, rodeada de majestuosos volcanes, el de Fuego, el Acatenango y el de Agua, que con su cono casi perfecto y de una altura fabulosa, es visible desde cualquier parte de la ciudad y desde allí parece vigilar los pasos de todos los que la transitan. Pero los deseos de permanecer en la ciudad fueron mermándose en los años cada vez que hubo un nuevo envite de la naturaleza y así, años más tarde, tras los graves acontecimientos naturales del terremoto de 1773 terminarían con la decisión de hacer un cuarto movimiento de capital dejando a La Antigua deshabitada y trasladando a toda su población a la actual capital en el año de 1776. Y de este modo, lo que hoy es Ciudad de Guatemala, pasaría a ser la nueva capital y llamarse Nueva Guatemala de La Asunción. A la población se le prohibió volver a vivir en la Antigua capital, ya que la ciudad quedó en un estado de completa ruina, a la que se le sumó el saqueo que se realizó para tratar de llevarse a la Nueva Guatemala, todo lo que fuere recuperable para apoyar las nuevas construcciones, dejando a La Antigua, desprovista de todo brillo e inhabitable. Pero los antiguos moradores, no podían dejar en el olvido sus casas y poco a poco fueron volviendo a hurtadillas hasta que nuevamente se volvió a repoblar. Hoy en día La Antigua Guatemala es un lugar lleno de magia y de esplendor sin parangón, donde se mezclan los acontecimientos en las numerosas ruinas, junto a las casas palaciegas que han mantenido una gran fidelidad de su pasado glorioso. Además, la ciudad tiene una magia especial en sus calles, en sus plazas, mercados e iglesias, que le otorgan un ambiente apacible y amable tanto por su entorno natural como por el humano, con esa especial mezcla suave de pueblos, tanto nativos como foráneos. Espero que te guste el episodio en el que te narro también sobre mi propia experiencia de vida allí, porque nunca me fui del todo, ni de aquí, ni de allí. Visita mi web para obtener referencias y algunas otras curiosidades. Música Facundo Cabral- No soy de aquí ni soy de allá. Marimba Pura- Luna de Xelajú Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

En el episodio de hoy, te cuento algunos de los detalles más interesantes que encontré acerca del famoso tocado conocido como el Penacho de Moctezuma II que actualmente, y a pesar de los esfuerzos mexicanos, se encuentra en el Weltsmuseum de Viena, Austria. Si este tema te interesa, te sugiero buscar en línea el documental “El penacho de Moctezuma” del director Jaime Kuri, a través de TVUNAM, que en gran parte inspiró este episodio y puede ayudarte a complementarlo visualmente.

Hernán Cortés y Moctezuma II finalmente se encuentran frente a frente en la Gran Tenochtitlán ¿Cuál será el nuevo rumbo de esta historia? https://www.instagram.com/aztlanpodcast/ https://www.facebook.com/corazonaztlanpodcast https://open.spotify.com/show/3j7bI6R70pR8JvrMuZOYf3

Han var kejsaren som ville bli vän med fienden. Men Moctezuma IIs beslut att släppa in de upptäcktsresande spanjorerna i riket ledde till en undergång han nog aldrig i sin vildaste fantasi kunde föreställa sig. MEDVERKANDESkådespelare: Ejke Blomberg Berättare: Love Kahnlund Manus: Sofia Lantz Inspelning och ljuddesign: Emil Aspegren Mix: Frida Claeson Johansson Producent och regi: Stina Tyrell Sämgård Exekutiv producent: Per Palmqvist, Barnradion Illustrationer: Charlotte Heyman Historierummet görs av Munck Studios för Sveriges Radio.

Han var kejsaren som ville bli vän med fienden. Men Moctezuma IIs beslut att släppa in de upptäcktsresande spanjorerna i riket ledde till en undergång han nog aldrig i sin vildaste fantasi kunde föreställa sig. MEDVERKANDESkådespelare: Ejke BlombergBerättare: Love KahnlundManus: Sofia LantzInspelning och ljuddesign: Emil AspegrenMix: Frida Claeson JohanssonProducent och regi: Stina Tyrell Sämgård Exekutiv producent: Per Palmqvist, BarnradionIllustrationer: Charlotte HeymanHistorierummet görs av Munck Studios för Sveriges Radio.

#Montezuma #BlackMexican #BlackAmerican #Moors Source 1: The American Encyclopedia of History, Biography and Travel Comprising Ancient and Modern History: the Biography of Eminent Men of Europe and America, and the Lives of Distinguished Travelers... By William O. Blake · 1860 https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Encyclopedia_of_History_Bio/urg2AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=montezuma+Indian+complexion&pg=PA428&printsec=frontcover Source 2: The Karankawa Indians, the Coast People of Texas By Albert Samuel Gatschet, Alice William Bridges Oliver, Charles Adrian Hammond · 1888 https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Karankawa_Indians_the_Coast_People_o/1PXY5rWgZA4C?hl=en&gbpv=0 Source 3: Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts During the Session of the General Court https://www.google.com/books/edition/Documents_Printed_by_Order_of_the_House/MIwvwRwduzIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&tbm=bks Email the podcast: rbcforum313@yahoo.com https://cash.app/$BlackConsciousness Join us as we have a conversation about the Black Mexican King Of the Americas Moctezuma Xocoyotzin (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520) whose name is has variant spellings which include Motecuhzomatzin, Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma, Motēuczōmah, Muteczuma, and referred to retroactively in European sources as Moctezuma II, was the ninth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan and the sixth Huey Tlatoani or Emperor of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520. The first contact between the indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, when conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men fought to take over the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. During his reign, the Aztec Empire reached its greatest size. Through warfare, Moctezuma expanded the territory as far south as Xoconosco in Chiapas and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and incorporated the Zapotec and Yopi people into the empire.[1] He changed the previous meritocratic system of social hierarchy and widened the divide between pipiltin (nobles) and macehualtin (commoners) by prohibiting commoners from working in the royal palaces.[1] Though two other Aztec rulers succeeded Moctezuma after his death, their reigns were short-lived and the empire quickly collapsed under them. Historical portrayals of Moctezuma have mostly been colored by his role as ruler of a defeated nation, and many sources have described him as weak-willed, superstitious, and indecisive.[2] His story remains one of the most well-known conquest narratives from the history of European contact with Native Americans, and he has been mentioned or portrayed in numerous works of historical fiction and popular culture. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/realblackforum/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/realblackforum/support

Se cumplen 502 años del encuentro entre Moctezuma II y Hernán Cortés. Ese choque de mundos nos sirve de excusa para hablar, no del fatídico encuentro, sino del momento anterior. De lo que hubo antes.Hoy, en Calendario de Historias, hablamos de los aztecas, quiénes eran, cómo era su sociedad y recordamos sus costumbres. Música de Aser Rodríguez y EpidemicSoundProducción de Audire Podcastwww.audirepodcast.com

Em 8 de novembro de 1519, o conquistador espanhol Hernán Cortés e seu exército penetram em Tenochtitlán, capital do vasto Império Mexicano, sendo recebido com boas-vindas pelo imperador Moctezuma II. Foram alojados no palácio construído por Atzayacatl, apesar da manifestação popular contrária ao alojamento dos “aventureiros”. A ingenuidade ou covardia do imperador foi a causa da destruição das maravilhosas culturas que floresciam na Mesoamérica e da queda de Tenochtitlán.Veja a matéria completa em: https://operamundi.uol.com.br/historia/32295/hoje-na-historia-1519-exercito-de-cortes-chega-a-tenochtitlan-e-e-recebido-com-honras-por-moctezuma----Quer contribuir com Opera Mundi via PIX? Nossa chave é apoie@operamundi.com.br (Razão Social: Última Instancia Editorial Ltda.). Desde já agradecemos!Assinatura solidária: www.operamundi.com.br/apoio★ Support this podcast ★

Esta semana en Código Misterio hablaremos de la leyenda de la Llorona un espíritu de la época prehispánica que llora por la muerte de sus hijos a quien ella misma ahogo en el rio.A pesar de que esta leyenda está arraigada en México y Latinoamérica, se habla mucho que este espectro incluso se ha visto en Estados Unidos en algunos lugares como Houston y Los Ángeles. Pero esto no solo es exclusivo del continente americano, hay historias muy similares a esta aparición en países como Alemania, Estonia, Irlanda y Japón entre otros.Antes de la conquista de los españoles a los aztecas, se habla de que el espíritu de la Llorona fue visto y escuchado por Moctezuma II y esto fue tomado como un mal presagio de que habría una derrota para su pueblo.La leyenda de la llorona ha pasado de generación en generación, aunque algunas versiones difieren de otras, lo que es cierto es que hay personas que aseguran que han visto este espíritu, en este episodio conoceremos algunas de estas terroríficas experiencias.Todo esto y más en este episodio de Código Misterio, descarga el podcast en tu plataforma de audio favorita y pasa la voz.Síguenos en Facebook e instagram como @codigomisterio.

Esta semana en Código Misterio hablaremos de la leyenda de la Llorona un espíritu de la época prehispánica que llora por la muerte de sus hijos a quien ella misma ahogo en el rio. A pesar de que esta leyenda está arraigada en México y Latinoamérica, se habla mucho que este espectro incluso se ha visto en Estados Unidos en algunos lugares como Houston y Los Ángeles. Pero esto no solo es exclusivo del continente americano, hay historias muy similares a esta aparición en países como Alemania, Estonia, Irlanda y Japón entre otros. Antes de la conquista de los españoles a los aztecas, se habla de que el espíritu de la Llorona fue visto y escuchado por Moctezuma II y esto fue tomado como un mal presagio de que habría una derrota para su pueblo. La leyenda de la llorona ha pasado de generación en generación, aunque algunas versiones difieren de otras, lo que es cierto es que hay personas que aseguran que han visto este espíritu, en este episodio conoceremos algunas de estas terroríficas experiencias. Todo esto y más en este episodio de Código Misterio, descarga el podcast en tu plataforma de audio favorita y pasa la voz. Síguenos en Facebook e instagram como @codigomisterio. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

El presidente de Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador comentó que la conquista de los españoles "fue un rotundo fracaso" al cumplirse este viernes 500 años de la caída del imperio azteca. Federico Navarrete, escritor e investigador mexicano, criticó el discurso del mandatario tildándolo de populista y llena de contradicciones. Durante una ceremonia realizada en el Zócalo y ante la presencia de representantes indígenas de México, Canadá y Estados Unidos y descendientes de Moctezuma II, el antepenúltimo emperador, Obrador agregó que "este desastre, cataclismo, catástrofe, como se le quiera llamar, permite sostener que la conquista fue un rotundo fracaso". Para el escritor e investigador sobre pueblos indígenas Federico Navarrete, esta “conquista” no fue española. “Los que hicieron caer Tenochtitlán y Tlatelolco eran 97% indígenas. Entonces no fue une conquista española. Por otro lado, no conquistaron México, no existía un país que se llamara México y cuando ellos conquistaron estas dos ciudades, ya ni siquiera era la cabeza de un imperio […] Conquistaron una región del centro de México y no un país”, declaró a RFI. Sobre las disculpas del presidente López Obrador al pueblo por la ocupación española, el investigador califico las expresiones del mandatario como de populistas y que encierran una serie de contradicciones. “Los que deberían exigirle a España una disculpa, son los pueblos indígenas. Definitivamente el colonialismo provoco genocidio, explotación, destrucción cultural. España debería hacerse cargo de esa violencia colonial. No corresponde al Estado mexicano pedir perdón a nombre de ellos”. Asimismo, agregó que la crítica del presidente Obrador al imperialismo español es contraria a los proyectos de desarrollo que viene implementando el gobierno y que afectan a diversas comunidades indígenas.   Con un programa nutrido de actividades, México conmemora en este 2021 los 700 años de la fundación de México-Tenochtitlan, los 500 años de la conquista de Hernán Cortés y los 200 años de la independencia de México.

On this day in 1520, Aztec emperor Moctezuma died, either at the hands of Spaniards or Aztecs unhappy with his rule. / On this day in 1613, the Globe Theatre in London, famous for hosting performances of Shakespeare's plays, was destroyed in a fire. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Cada 10 años (en promedio) es posible contemplar un cometa a simple vista. En el pasado, los cometas fueron considerados como mensajeros celestes con malas noticias para la sociedad humana, basta con recordar el cometa contemplado por Moctezuma II poco antes de la llegada de los conquistadores o el que lució en el cielo poco antes del asesinato de Julio César. En realidad, estos objetos son inofensivos ¡¡a menos que choquen contra la tierra!!. En estos días es posible ver y fotografiar al cometa NEOWISE poco antes de la salida del sol. Si el clima se lo permite. ¡¡Disfrútelo!! Gracias por sus comentarios y apoyo, recuerde que puede apoyarnos donando en PayPal https://www.paypal.com con el correo elexplicadorpatrocinio@gmail.com y en Patreon en El Explicador Enrique Ganem https://www.patreon.com/user?u=18159632. Lo invitamos a suscribirse a este canal para recibir avisos de nuevas publicaciones y a visitar nuestra página http://www.elexplicador.net. En el titulo de nuestros trabajos aparece en primer lugar la fecha año/mes/día de publicación, lo que facilita su consulta cronológica. Siempre leemos sus comentarios, muchas veces no tenemos tiempo para reponder a cada uno personalmente pero son leídos y tomados en cuenta, los iremos respondiendo según nos sea posible. Este es un espacio de divulgación científica en el que nos interesa informar de forma clara y amena, que le invite a Ud. a investigar sobre los temas tratados y Ud. forme su propia opinión. Serán borrados los comentarios que promuevan la desinformación, charlatanería, odio, bullying, violencia verbal o incluyan enlaces a páginas que no sean de revistas científicas arbitradas, sean ofensivos hacia cualquier persona o promuevan alguna tendencia política ya sea en el comentario o en la fotografía de perfil. Aclaramos que no somos apolíticos, nos reservamos el derecho de no expresar nuestra opinión política, este es un canal cuya finalidad es la divulgación científica. Gracias por su preferencia. AVISO: En la área inferior de nuestros vídeos aparece un recuadro de la Secretaría de Salud con una liga, queremos aclarar que estos letreros aparecen sin nuestro conocimiento o notificación previa alguna y que no nos están patrocinando en forma alguna. ACLARACIÓN IMPORTANTE: El virus SARS- CoV-2 y la enfermedad COVID-19 SI EXISTEN, SON REALES. Le sugerimos que siga atentamente las recomendaciones de la Secretaría de Salud: higiene, mascarilla o tapaboca cuando salga de su domicilio y sobre todo quédese en casa cuando no sea indispensable salir.

We're back in the Americas! The Aztec-Spanish War was so much more than the narratives centered around Hernán Cortés versus Moctezuma II. We look at the history of Mesoamerica, historical sources and the events leading up to the war. For further reading, check out the sources used in this episode at https://hocpodcast.wordpress.com.

In this episode of Half-Arsed History, hear how the Aztec Empire was destroyed by Spanish invaders led by Hernan Cortes, and the tale of the emperor who was there when it fell, Moctezuma II.

Im Jahr 1519 landete der spanische Konquistador Hernán Cortés im heutigen Mexiko. Nur gut zwei Jahre später war das größte Reich, das es bis dahin in Mittelamerika gegeben hatte, untergegangen. All seine Bewohner wurden nun Untertanen des spanischen Königs. David erzählt in dieser Folge, wie es dazu kam und wie die drei Schlüsselfiguren Moctezuma II., Cortés und Malinche diese Entwicklung beeinflusst haben. Dabei schauen wir hinter verbreitete Mythen der Eroberung, erfahren, wie in kürzester Zeit eine mächtige Zivilisation unterging und reden mit "La Malinche" auch über eine Person, die zu Unrecht in vielen Darstellungen dieser Geschichte ausgeblendet wird. Anmerkung: Die Darstellung Moctezumas II., seiner Handlungsunfähigkeit und seines Todes beruht zum Teil auf dem Buch "Montezuma: Warlord of the Aztecs" von Peter Tsouras. Diese Darstellung beruht jedoch sehr stark auf spanischen Quellen und ist in der Forschung mittlerweile stark umstritten. Eine allzu positive Darstellung der spanischen Akteure bzw. allzu negative Darstellung Moctezumas muss daher kritisch gesehen werden, was in dieser Folge z. T. nicht klar genug wurde. Siehe den letzten Abschnitt der Folge zur Quellenkritik. Unsere Quellen findet ihr auf Instagram und auf unserer Website His2Go.de. Ihr könnt uns dabei unterstützen weiterhin jeden 10., 20. und 30. des Monats eine Folge zu veröffentlichen. Folgt uns bei Spotify, Google Podcasts, Podimo und Instagram und bewertet uns auf Apple Podcasts oder über eure Lieblings-Podcastplattformen. Über einen Spendenlink auf unserer Website könnt ihr uns finanziell unterstützen, damit wir Literatur und neue Technik für den Podcast anschaffen können. Wir freuen uns über euer Feedback, Input und Vorschläge zum Podcast, die ihr uns über das Kontaktformular auf der Website, Instagram und unserer Feedback E-Mail: feedback.his2go@gmail.com zukommen lassen könnt. An dieser Stelle nochmal vielen Dank an jede einzelne Rückmeldung, die uns bisher erreicht und uns sehr motiviert. Music from https://filmmusic.io “Sneaky Snitch” by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Desde diez años antes de la llegada de los españoles MOCTEZUMA II ya la veía venir. Sentía que las tripas se le retorcían y 8 fueron los anuncios que se dejaron sentir antes de la funesta llegada del “falso Quetzalcóatl”. No es en vano que entre los sueños de la tía y la Cihuacóatl que lloraba por las noches dudara por tanto tiempo si realmente llegaban los dioses o simples humanos. Los augurios los acompañamos con la música de: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZqEpuhgIjY 1492 LA CONQUISTA DEL PARAÍSO - VANGELIS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSBLQM5KUec&feature=youtu.be La Maldición de Malinche - Conquista de México https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLgonhEHllc&feature=youtu.be Música Prehispanica Corazón Del Sol Musicalización de la cápsula: EVA ALCÁNTAR. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nora-reyes-costilla/message

PEDRO DE ALVARADO acababa de meter las cuatro patas con la matanza de Templo Mayor. HERNÁN CORTÉS estaba que no lo calentaba ni el sol. Para colmo se les “murió” el tlatoani MOCTEZUMA II. Gracias a su astrólogo de cabecera: BLAS BOTELLO DE PUERTO PLATA, fue que se animaron a salir –callada y subrepticiamente- la noche del 30 de junio de 1520. Si no, quién sabe qué hubiera pasado en esa noche triste, muy triste para las tropas españolas. Como esta cápsula relata lo difícil y complicado que fue para el ejército español dominar al pueblo mexica, quisimos ambientar la cápsula con esta conmovedora pieza musical: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdByRJLrvYQ&feature=youtu.be Black Hawk Down Soundtrack --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nora-reyes-costilla/message

A 500 años del mítico encuentro entre el conquistador español y Moctezuma II, gran Tlatoani de Tenochtitlán, es momento de contar la verdad.

A 500 años del mítico encuentro entre el conquistador español y Moctezuma II, gran Tlatoani de Tenochtitlán, es momento de contar la verdad.

A 500 años del mítico encuentro entre el conquistador español y Moctezuma II, gran Tlatoani de Tenochtitlán, es momento de contar la verdad.

A 500 años del mítico encuentro entre el conquistador español y Moctezuma II, gran Tlatoani de Tenochtitlán, es momento de contar la verdad.

Los Hijos de Moctezuma II.La descendencia del emperador Azteca llega hasta nuestras tierras. Una de las ramas del gran Tlatoani Azteca se conecta con la familia Loza ligando a un vasto número de individuos, confirmando así, nuestro mestizaje y gran legado histórico.

El mestizaje presente en la sociedad Mexicana es una manifestación de la influyente diversidad que poseemos. Varias culturas y pueblos se han mezclado para crear nuestras identidades. Somos un colorido mosaico de legados culturales, religiosos, sociales y políticos que han perdurado y desarrollado a traves de los siglos.Nuestros pueblos y regiones se han multiplicado manteniendo muchas de estas influencias. Son evidentes nuestros legados mestizos e indigenas, los cuales han forjado nuestra cultura. Regiones de nuestro país —como la región de Los Altos de Jalisco—aún con la gran influencia Europea, contienen un percentaje importante de legado indígena. La familia Loza es un ejemplo, ya que una de sus ramas es originada desde los Aztecas.En el próximo corto, los detalles de ésta importante rama; he aquí una introducción:

Nacido entre la clase baja en la ciudad de Medellín en 1485, desde pequeño, Hernán Cortés desplegaba dotes de aventurero, influenciado por los valientes viajes de Cristobal Colón al nuevo mundo. En 1504, Cortés parte de España con dirección a la isla de Española (hoy, la República Dominicana y Haití), en donde consigue escalar rangos en la administración colonial. Para el año de 1511, se embarca en una expedición destinada a conquistar la isla de Cuba, y es designado como secretario del futuro gobernador, Diego Velázquez.Éste último, tiempo después, planea una expedición a nuevas tierras, recientemente designadas de contener infinidad de riquezas. Cortés gana la titularidad de la expedición y gracias a la astucia y experiencia adquirida tras vivir y negociar con los indígenas de la isla de Cuba, aprende valiosos atributos que le ayudarían enormemente, tiempo después, en su lucha por conquistar a los varios pueblos indígenas del nuevo mundo.Este nuevo mundo, era casi totalmente dominado por los Aztecas y su emperador, Moctezuma II. La ciudad capital, Tenochtitlan, era la principal cabecera de, entre 400 y 500 reinos, los cuales acumulaban entre cinco a seis millones de personas. La habilidad de Cortés en saber manipular las rivalidades políticas y bélicas que existían entre los varios pueblos indígenas de los "nuevos territorios", ahondado con la valiosa contribución de Doña Marina, y la fuerza militar de los tlaxcaltecas, contribuyó a la final capitulación del imperio azteca el 13 de agosto de 1521.El triunfo de Cortés duró muy poco tiempo, y en pocos años perdería muchas de sus posesiones en el nuevo mundo, y aunque fue echo Marqués tiempo después de la conquista de México, finalmente muere en 1547, a la edad de 62 años en un pueblo cercano a Sevilla. 

Den sista härskaren av det mäktiga Aztekriket. En krigsherre vars magkänsla vid mötet med de spanska conquistadorerna ledde Amerikas största civilisation rätt ner i avgrunden. Vill du veta mer om Moctezuma II? Här är några av de böcker som legat till grund för avsnittet: Aztecs - An Interpretation av Inga Clendinnen  The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico av Bernal Diáz del Castillo The Aztec world av Elizabeth M. Brumfield & Gary M. Feinman                                                                                                                                Cortés och aztecernas underkuvande av Blacker, Irwin R.                                                                                    Cortés och Montezuma av Collis, Maurice Redaktionen för detta avsnitt består av: Cecilia Düringer - programledare och manus Adrian Boberg - manus och research Navid Bavey- scenuppläsare Samuel Lindberg -  ljuddesign och slutmix Tove Palén - producent Medverkar gör också Daniel Andersson docent i religionsvetenskap vid Göteborgs universitet.

Este viernes 8 noviembre se cumplieron 500 años del encuentro entre el conquistador español Hernán Cortés y el emperador Moctezuma II, por ello Emiliano Gironella, en conjunto con Heraldo Media Group, realizó el libro "Pluma y Plomo" una historia que dignifica la conquista y el encuentro de dos mundos.

Blanca Barragán Moctezuma, historiadora y descendiente de Moctezuma II, y el abogado Jesús Juárez hablaron con Carmen Aristegui sobre la venta de piezas precolombinas en Francia. El gobierno de México no logró frenar la subasta. México, a través de las secretarías de Cultura y Relaciones Exteriores, rechazó la venta ilegal de arte precolombino e hizo un llamado a la casa de subastas Millon para suspender la venta. Barragán Moctezuma habló de la enorme frustración que siente al enterarse de la venta del arte. "Uno grita y patalea y las autoridades no siempre están dispuestas a apoyar", dijo. El abogado Jesús Juárez criticó también la casa de subasta por la venta de las piezas precolombinas.Para conocer sobre cómo CNN protege la privacidad de su audiencia, visite CNN.com/privacidad

On this day in 1520, Aztec emperor Moctezuma died, either at the hands of Spaniards or Aztecs unhappy with his rule. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers

We take our first foray into the world of repatriation and Amelia definitely ruffles some... feathers.

Cuidad de México - 016: Conversación con Arturo Alanís, descendiente de Moctezuma II, en el nuevo puente del Templo Mayor.

Institute of Latin American Studies Professor Matthew Restall (Penn State University) SLAS 2014, 50th Anniversary Conference - Keynote: Turning Cortés and Moctezuma Upside Down The first meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma in 1519 is famous an...

Institute of Latin American Studies Professor Matthew Restall (Penn State University) SLAS 2014, 50th Anniversary Conference - Keynote: Turning Cortés and Moctezuma Upside Down The first meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma in 1519 is famous an...

Michael Scott explains why the 4th century BC was just as important as the previous 100 years in the history of Ancient Greece. Also in this edition we speak to Caroline Dodds Pennock about the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II and the Spanish conquest of Mexico. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.