Podcasts about Slovenes

fWotD Episode 2785: SMS Niobe Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Thursday, 19 December 2024 is SMS Niobe.SMS Niobe was the second member of the ten-ship Gazelle class of light cruisers that were built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The Gazelle class was the culmination of earlier unprotected cruiser and aviso designs, combining the best aspects of both types in what became the progenitor of all future light cruisers of the Imperial fleet. Built to be able to serve with the main German fleet and as a colonial cruiser, she was armed with a battery of ten 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns and a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph). The ship had a long career, serving in all three German navies, along with the Yugoslav and Italian fleets over the span of more than forty years.Niobe served in both home and overseas waters in the Imperial Navy, serving in a variety of roles, including as a flotilla leader for torpedo boats, as a scout for the main fleet, and as a station ship with the East Asia Squadron. After the outbreak of World War I, the ship joined the vessels tasked with defending Germany's North Sea coast. By late 1915, she was withdrawn from active service and used as a headquarters ship for various commands. She was disarmed in 1917, but as one of the cruisers permitted to the postwar Reichsmarine (Navy of the Realm) by the Treaty of Versailles, she was modernized and rearmed in the early 1920s.The ship saw no active service with the Reichsmarine and, in 1925, Germany sold the ship to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). There, she was renamed Dalmacija and served in the Royal Yugoslav Navy until April 1941, when she was captured by the Italians during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. Renamed Cattaro, she served in the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) until the Italian surrender in September 1943. She was then seized by the German occupiers of Italy, who restored her original name. She was used in the Adriatic Sea briefly until December 1943, when she ran aground on the island of Silba, and was subsequently destroyed by British motor torpedo boats. The wreck was ultimately salvaged and broken up for scrap between 1947 and 1952.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:10 UTC on Thursday, 19 December 2024.For the full current version of the article, see SMS Niobe on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Stephen.

fWotD Episode 2655: Yugoslav torpedo boat T2 Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Sunday, 11 August 2024 is Yugoslav torpedo boat T2.T2 was a seagoing torpedo boat operated by the Royal Yugoslav Navy between 1923 and 1939. Originally 77 T, a 250t-class torpedo boat of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built in 1914, she was armed with two 66 mm (2.6 in) guns and four 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, and could carry 10–12 naval mines. She saw active service during World War I, performing convoy, patrol, escort, minesweeping and minelaying tasks, anti-submarine operations, and shore bombardment missions. In 1917, the suffixes of all Austro-Hungarian torpedo boats were removed, and thereafter she was referred to as 77. Present in the Bocche di Cattaro during the short-lived mutiny by Austro-Hungarian sailors in early February 1918, members of her crew raised the red flag but undertook no other mutinous actions. 77 was part of the escort force for the Austro-Hungarian dreadnought Szent István during the action that resulted in the sinking of that ship by Italian torpedo boats in June 1918. Following Austria-Hungary's defeat in 1918, 77 was allocated to the Navy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which later became the Royal Yugoslav Navy, and was renamed T2 and had her armament upgraded. At the time, she and seven other 250t-class boats were the only modern sea-going vessels of the fledgling maritime force. During the interwar period, the navy was involved in training exercises and cruises to friendly ports, but activity was limited by reduced naval budgets. Worn out after twenty-five years of service, T2 was stricken from the naval register and scrapped in 1939.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:02 UTC on Sunday, 11 August 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Yugoslav torpedo boat T2 on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Raveena.

fWotD Episode 2642: Yugoslav monitor Sava Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 29 July 2024 is Yugoslav monitor Sava.The Yugoslav monitor Sava is a Temes-class river monitor that was built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS Bodrog. She fired the first shots of World War I just after 01:00 on 29 July 1914, when she and two other monitors shelled Serbian defences near Belgrade. She was part of the Danube Flotilla, and fought the Serbian and Romanian armies from Belgrade to the mouth of the Danube. In the closing stages of the war, she was the last monitor to withdraw towards Budapest, but was captured by the Serbs when she grounded on a sandbank downstream from Belgrade. After the war, she was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed Sava. She remained in service throughout the interwar period, although budget restrictions meant she was not always in full commission.During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Sava served with the 1st Monitor Division. Along with her fellow monitor Vardar, she laid mines in the Danube near the Romanian border during the first few days of the invasion. The two monitors fought off several attacks by the Luftwaffe, but were forced to withdraw to Belgrade. Due to high river levels and low bridges, navigation was difficult, and Sava was scuttled on 11 April. Some of her crew tried to escape cross-country towards the southern Adriatic coast, but all were captured prior to the Yugoslav surrender. The vessel was later raised by the navy of the Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia and continued to serve as Sava until the night of 8 September 1944 when she was again scuttled.Following World War II, Sava was raised once again, and was refurbished to serve in the Yugoslav Navy from 1952 to 1962. She was then transferred to a state-owned company that was eventually privatised. In 2005, the government of Serbia granted her limited heritage protection after citizens demanded that she be preserved as a floating museum, but little else was done to restore her at the time. In 2015, the Serbian Ministry of Defence and Belgrade's Military Museum acquired the ship. She was restored by early 2019 and opened as a floating museum in November 2021.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:49 UTC on Monday, 29 July 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Yugoslav monitor Sava on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm long-form Gregory.

fWotD Episode 2527: Hrabri-class submarine Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.The featured article for Friday, 5 April 2024 is Hrabri-class submarine.The Hrabri class consisted of two submarines built for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – Yugoslavia from 1929 on – by Vickers-Armstrong in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1927, the boats were named Hrabri (Brave) and Nebojša (Fearless). Their design was based on that of the British L-class submarine of World War I, and they were built using parts from L-class submarines that were never completed. The Hrabri-class were the first submarines to serve in the Royal Yugoslav Navy (KM), and after extensive sea trials and testing they sailed from the UK to the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia, arriving in April 1928. They were armed with six bow-mounted 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes, two 102 mm (4 in) deck guns, one QF 2-pounder (40 mm (1.6 in)) L/39 anti-aircraft gun and two machine guns. Their maximum diving depth was restricted to 55 metres (180 ft) by Yugoslav naval regulations.Prior to World War II, both submarines participated in cruises to Mediterranean ports. In 1930, Nebojša was damaged in a collision with a merchant ship. In 1933–1934 both boats were refitted, their superstructure was extensively modified and the 2-pounder gun on each submarine was replaced with a single 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Hotchkiss M1929 anti-aircraft machine gun. By 1938 the class was considered to be obsolete, but efforts to replace the two old boats with modern German coastal submarines were stymied by the advent of World War II, and the class remained in service.Immediately before the April 1941 German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, the two boats conducted patrols in the Adriatic Sea. Hrabri was captured by the Italians at the time of the Yugoslav surrender in mid-April, and after an inspection she was scrapped. Nebojša evaded capture and made it to Egypt to join the British Royal Navy (RN). Along with other vessels and crews that had escaped during the invasion, Nebojša formed part of the KM-in-exile, which operated out of eastern Mediterranean ports under the operational command of the RN. Nebojša was overhauled and initially served with RN submarine forces in the Mediterranean Sea as an anti-submarine warfare training boat. At the end of 1941 the RN prohibited her from diving and she was employed as a battery charging station for other submarines. In May 1942 her crew were removed and placed in a British military camp following a revolt by Yugoslav generals based in Egypt, and she received an almost entirely RN crew. Nebojša underwent another extensive overhaul by the RN, then she was briefly utilised for training in Beirut. The boat was formally handed back to the KM-in-exile in mid-1943, after which she underwent a further substantial refit. Nebojša eventually made her way to Malta where the headquarters of the KM-in-exile was then located. After the war in Europe ended, Nebojša was transferred to the new Yugoslav Navy and renamed Tara. She was used in a static training role until 1954, when she was stricken.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:33 UTC on Friday, 5 April 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Hrabri-class submarine on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Emma Neural.

fWotD Episode 2415: Yugoslav torpedo boat T1 Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.The featured article for Friday, 15 December 2023 is Yugoslav torpedo boat T1.T1 was a seagoing torpedo boat that was operated by the Royal Yugoslav Navy between 1921 and 1941. Originally 76 T, a 250t-class torpedo boat of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built in 1914, she was armed with two 66 mm (2.6 in) guns and four 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, and could carry 10–12 naval mines. She saw active service during World War I, performing convoy, escort and minesweeping tasks, anti-submarine operations and shore bombardment missions. In 1917 the suffixes of all Austro-Hungarian torpedo boats were removed, and thereafter she was referred to as 76. She was part of the escort force for the Austro-Hungarian dreadnought Szent István during the action that resulted in the sinking of that ship by Italian torpedo boats in June 1918.Following Austria-Hungary's defeat later that year, she was allocated to the Navy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which became the Royal Yugoslav Navy, and was renamed T1. At the time, she and seven other 250t-class boats were the only modern sea-going vessels of the fledgling maritime force. During the interwar period, T1 and the rest of the navy were involved in training exercises, but activity was limited by reduced naval budgets. The boat was captured by the Italians during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. After her main armament was modernised, she served with the Royal Italian Navy under her Yugoslav designation. Having escaped capture by German forces following the Italian capitulation in September 1943, she was returned to the Royal Yugoslav Navy-in-exile. She was commissioned by the Yugoslav Navy after World War II, and after a refit which included replacement of her armament, she served as Golešnica until 1955. She was sunk as a target in Žanjica Bay near the western entrance to the Bay of Kotor, and is now a recreational dive site.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:33 UTC on Friday, 15 December 2023.For the full current version of the article, see Yugoslav torpedo boat T1 on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Amy Neural.

Dejan Djokić's book A Concise History of Serbia (Cambridge UP, 2023) covers the full span of Serbia's history – from the sixth-century Slav migrations through until the present day – in an effort to understand the country's position at the crossroads of east and west. The book traces key developments surrounding the medieval and modern polities associated with Serbs, offering fresh interpretations and revealing a fascinating history of entanglements and communication between southeastern and wider Europe, which often had global implications. In structuring his inquiry around several recurring themes including migration, shifting borders, and the fate of small nations, Djokic challenges some of the prevailing stereotypes about Serbia and reveals the vitality of Serbian identity through the centuries. Dejan Djokić is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and Founding Director of the Centre for the Study of the Balkans at Goldsmiths College, University of London. In June 2023, he will join the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, as Professor of History. Djokic's research brings together three main strands of inquiry: the Yugoslav war; the global and cultural history of the Cold War; and the history of Southeastern Europe since the Middle Ages. His publications include Nikola Pašić and Ante Trumbić: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (2010) and Elusive Compromise: A History of Interwar Yugoslavia (2007), as well as contributions to numerous edited volumes, including New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies (2011). Iva Glisic is a historian and art historian specialising in modern Russia and the Balkans. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Dejan Djokić's book A Concise History of Serbia (Cambridge UP, 2023) covers the full span of Serbia's history – from the sixth-century Slav migrations through until the present day – in an effort to understand the country's position at the crossroads of east and west. The book traces key developments surrounding the medieval and modern polities associated with Serbs, offering fresh interpretations and revealing a fascinating history of entanglements and communication between southeastern and wider Europe, which often had global implications. In structuring his inquiry around several recurring themes including migration, shifting borders, and the fate of small nations, Djokic challenges some of the prevailing stereotypes about Serbia and reveals the vitality of Serbian identity through the centuries. Dejan Djokić is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and Founding Director of the Centre for the Study of the Balkans at Goldsmiths College, University of London. In June 2023, he will join the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, as Professor of History. Djokic's research brings together three main strands of inquiry: the Yugoslav war; the global and cultural history of the Cold War; and the history of Southeastern Europe since the Middle Ages. His publications include Nikola Pašić and Ante Trumbić: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (2010) and Elusive Compromise: A History of Interwar Yugoslavia (2007), as well as contributions to numerous edited volumes, including New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies (2011). Iva Glisic is a historian and art historian specialising in modern Russia and the Balkans. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Dejan Djokić's book A Concise History of Serbia (Cambridge UP, 2023) covers the full span of Serbia's history – from the sixth-century Slav migrations through until the present day – in an effort to understand the country's position at the crossroads of east and west. The book traces key developments surrounding the medieval and modern polities associated with Serbs, offering fresh interpretations and revealing a fascinating history of entanglements and communication between southeastern and wider Europe, which often had global implications. In structuring his inquiry around several recurring themes including migration, shifting borders, and the fate of small nations, Djokic challenges some of the prevailing stereotypes about Serbia and reveals the vitality of Serbian identity through the centuries. Dejan Djokić is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and Founding Director of the Centre for the Study of the Balkans at Goldsmiths College, University of London. In June 2023, he will join the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, as Professor of History. Djokic's research brings together three main strands of inquiry: the Yugoslav war; the global and cultural history of the Cold War; and the history of Southeastern Europe since the Middle Ages. His publications include Nikola Pašić and Ante Trumbić: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (2010) and Elusive Compromise: A History of Interwar Yugoslavia (2007), as well as contributions to numerous edited volumes, including New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies (2011). Iva Glisic is a historian and art historian specialising in modern Russia and the Balkans. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Dejan Djokić's book A Concise History of Serbia (Cambridge UP, 2023) covers the full span of Serbia's history – from the sixth-century Slav migrations through until the present day – in an effort to understand the country's position at the crossroads of east and west. The book traces key developments surrounding the medieval and modern polities associated with Serbs, offering fresh interpretations and revealing a fascinating history of entanglements and communication between southeastern and wider Europe, which often had global implications. In structuring his inquiry around several recurring themes including migration, shifting borders, and the fate of small nations, Djokic challenges some of the prevailing stereotypes about Serbia and reveals the vitality of Serbian identity through the centuries. Dejan Djokić is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History and Founding Director of the Centre for the Study of the Balkans at Goldsmiths College, University of London. In June 2023, he will join the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, as Professor of History. Djokic's research brings together three main strands of inquiry: the Yugoslav war; the global and cultural history of the Cold War; and the history of Southeastern Europe since the Middle Ages. His publications include Nikola Pašić and Ante Trumbić: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (2010) and Elusive Compromise: A History of Interwar Yugoslavia (2007), as well as contributions to numerous edited volumes, including New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies (2011). Iva Glisic is a historian and art historian specialising in modern Russia and the Balkans.

Slovenes and their traditions… As Dave learned today, there is a tradition at the birth of a NEWBORN or NOVOROJENČEK, namely to MAKE A TOAST or NAZDRAVITI, so that the BABY or DOJENČEK is healthy… Dave's friends gave him a gift, some money for the DIAPERS or PLENICE. They say, the more glasses you raise, the healthier the baby is going to be. But one should also keep in mind, not to forget to visit your newborn and his mother in the PORODNIŠNICA or MATERNITY HOSPITAL… and to sober up with a coffee before that!

The wedding is pretty close now and Dave is still surprised over Slovenia's CUSTOMS – NAVADE/OBIČAJI. Anyway, tonight he learned that SALTY SNACKS are SLANI PRIGRIZKI, a PLAN is a NAČRT, and STRANGE is ČUDNO. TO GET REST is SPOČITI SE and he also learned that Slovenes are champions when it comes to talking about customs…

A new country and completely different customs for Slovenes. Dave, however, is forced to learn new words. SMRČATI is TO SNORE, UTRUJEN means TIRED, ZAJTRK is BREAKFAST, BLIZU is CLOSE, MLEČNO means MILKY, KLIN is WEDGE, DVIGNITI ROKE – RAISE YOUR HANDS, OBŽALOVATI means TO REGRET. ŠUNKA is HAM and FIŽOL – BEANS, and they're on the plate at an Irish breakfast.

Welcome to this special episode of Feel Slovenia the Podcast celebrating World Bee Day. May 20 is a day dedicated to celebrating the wonders of the bee, an absolutely critical animal to the planet's ecosystem. Without bees, our flora could not exist—three-quarters of all food crops depend on pollination—and so the bees need to get the credit they deserve. For this reason, the United Nations declared World Bee Day in December 2017 —  and this was originally a Slovenian initiative. Slovenes have the most beekeepers per capita in the world, and we'll hear from several of them in today's episode. My guests include Lucie Grace, a British journalist who visited Slovenia to write a feature on its apiculture traditions. Mateja Reš runs the Garden of Tastes, a homestead garden near idyllic Lake Bled where she grows all manner of produce and leads workshops on cooking, gardening and more, all happily supported by bees. Dr Peter Kozmus is one of Slovenia's leading beekeepers, and leads the breeding program for the Carniolan Gray Honey Bee as part of the Slovenian Beekeeper's Association. He gives talks around the world and authored the books Beekeeping for Everyone and Bumble Bees in Slovenia. And Gorazd Trušnovec, who was the first urban beekeeper in Slovenia, and now oversees hives at 12 locations on the roofs of buildings in Ljubljana. Let's take a look at what all the buzz is about!For more inspiration, check out the following bee-related contents:Honey for sweet moments and well-beingLuxuriating in Slovenian HoneyMouth-watering honey biscuits with Slovenian honeyMy way of honey indulgenceCelebrate World Bee Day with us

If you've ever read the Guinness Book of World Records you've noticed that Slovenes are famous for their crazy records, but what they don't like is a PREPIH or DRAUGHT. Slovenes are very superstitious about that, as they fear they will catch a COLD or PREHLAD. Dave even made a joke about it, that the fear of a draught is the reason that Slovenes only have two WIND TURBINES or VETRNE ELEKTRARNE. But Fani told him, that if the air inside is STUFFY or ZATOHLO, Slovenes would rather go outside, no matter how strong the wind is…

Proud Australian Slovene Frances Urbas Johnson is always positive and invites all Slovenes to visit Slovene clubs again after a long time and have fun in the New Year's Eve period. - Ponosna avstralska Slovenka Frances Urbas Johnson je vedno pozitivna in vabi vse Slovence, da po dolgem času ponovno obiščejo slovenske klube in se poveselijo v prednovoletnem času.

Proud Australian Slovene Frances Urbas Johnson is always positive and invites all Slovenes to visit Slovene clubs again after a long time and have fun in the New Year's Eve period. - Ponosna avstralska Slovenka Frances Urbas Johnson je vedno pozitivna in vabi vse Slovence, da po dolgem času ponovno obiščejo slovenske klube in se poveselijo v prednovoletnem času.

*ep starts at 18 mins The Serbian mafia has its origins in the arrival of increasing numbers of Yugoslavian immigrants to Western Europe in the 1970's and 1980s. Operating in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and France, groups of Serbian expatriates engaged in a pattern of robberies and thefts. Much of this was supported by the communist Yugoslavian intelligence service, who employed gangsters overseas as informants and assassins, and in exchange provided them with firearms and legal protection. The combination of Yugoslavian government support and the money earned from brazen heists, made Yugoslavian criminals some of the most powerful in Western Europe in the 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern and Southern Europe, many Serbian criminals overseas returned to Yugoslavia, taking advantage of the chaos to embark on new criminal careers. Many served in paramilitary and militia organisations created ostensibly to protect ethnic Serbs and government property, but quickly they became known for criminal activity and their role in the ethnic cleansing of Bosnians, Croats and Slovenes from Serb territories. With the end of the Yugoslav wars, these militias became entwined with the criminal “clans” of Serbia, with both enjoying the support of the former communist intelligence and security forces. With the overthrow of Slobodon Milosovic, a period of reform was ushered in. In response, the most violent and powerful Serbian crime group - the Zemun Clan - partnered with Serbian special forces to assassinate the Prime Minister, in order to protect the status and privilege that they are garnered during the bloodshed of the 1990s Guest is Dave Williamson @davewcomedy Spaic, Igor. The Long Trial of the Balkan Cocaine King. Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. 9 February 2016. https://www.occrp.org/en/blog/4910-the-long-trial-of-the-balkan-cocaine-king Anastajevic, Dejan. “Ljubisa Buha Cumet: Great Paving.” VREME. 25 June 2009. https://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=872105 Partos, Gabriel. “Marathon Djindic Trial.” BBC News. 23 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6683133.stm Ciric, Milos. “The Third Bullet and the Political Background of the Assassination of Zoran Dindic.” ANTIDOT: Independent Media and Campus Network. 11 March 2017. https://www.anti.media/en/istrazivanja/files/treci-metak-i-politicka-pozadina-atentata-na-zorana-indic a/ Stonajovic, Dusan. “Group Named in Plot on Serbia Chief.” Global Policy Forum. Associated Press. 9 April 2003. https://archive.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/tribunals/yugo/2003/0409plot.htm

*ep starts at 26:30 The Serbian mafia has its origins in the arrival of increasing numbers of Yugoslavian immigrants to Western Europe in the 1970's and 1980s. Operating in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and France, groups of Serbian expatriates engaged in a pattern of robberies and thefts. Much of this was supported by the communist Yugoslavian intelligence service, who employed gangsters overseas as informants and assassins, and in exchange provided them with firearms and legal protection. The combination of Yugoslavian government support and the money earned from brazen heists, made Yugoslavian criminals some of the most powerful in Western Europe in the 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern and Southern Europe, many Serbian criminals overseas returned to Yugoslavia, taking advantage of the chaos to embark on new criminal careers. Many served in paramilitary and militia organisations created ostensibly to protect ethnic Serbs and government property, but quickly they became known for criminal activity and their role in the ethnic cleansing of Bosnians, Croats and Slovenes from Serb territories. With the end of the Yugoslav wars, these militias became entwined with the criminal “clans” of Serbia, with both enjoying the support of the former communist intelligence and security forces. With the overthrow of Slobodon Milosovic, a period of reform was ushered in. In response, the most violent and powerful Serbian crime group - the Zemun Clan - partnered with Serbian special forces to assassinate the Prime Minister, in order to protect the status and privilege that they are garnered during the bloodshed of the 1990s Guest is Dave Williamson @davewcomedy Spaic, Igor. The Long Trial of the Balkan Cocaine King. Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. 9 February 2016. https://www.occrp.org/en/blog/4910-the-long-trial-of-the-balkan-cocaine-king Anastajevic, Dejan. “Ljubisa Buha Cumet: Great Paving.” VREME. 25 June 2009. https://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=872105 Partos, Gabriel. “Marathon Djindic Trial.” BBC News. 23 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6683133.stm Ciric, Milos. “The Third Bullet and the Political Background of the Assassination of Zoran Dindic.” ANTIDOT: Independent Media and Campus Network. 11 March 2017. https://www.anti.media/en/istrazivanja/files/treci-metak-i-politicka-pozadina-atentata-na-zorana-indic a/ Stonajovic, Dusan. “Group Named in Plot on Serbia Chief.” Global Policy Forum. Associated Press. 9 April 2003. https://archive.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/tribunals/yugo/2003/0409plot.htm

Over a period of a few months, art historian Kanika Gupta has been an activist-in-residence at the Slovene Ethnographic Museum. She is here to continue her work cataloguing artifacts and images that were originally brought to the museum by Slovenes in the early 1900s. This collaboration with the Museum's Indian collection started back in 2018. Her residency also includes an authorial artistic performance as well as a documentary film. The music Kanika chose to accompany our conversation spans a broad area of Indian music from traditional to folk as well as modern styles and film themes.

Today we are joined by Richard Mills, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia, and the author of The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia: Sport, Nationalism and the State (I. B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, 2018). In our conversation, we discussed the origins of football in Yugoslavia, the missed possibilities for postwar Yugoslav unity through sport, and football's role in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s. In The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, Mills investigates the rise and fall of Yugoslavia through the lens of sport. His work proceeds chronologically, beginning in the early Twentieth Century with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He traces the politicization of sport as the Kingdom integrated imported sporting codes and local Sokol organisations into their state building program. He continues into the Second World War and the Liberation, showing how football served the forces of collaboration and resistance. Tito's Yugoslavia mobilized football across the country to help foment Yugoslavian identity and revitalize young socialist men, but the state also faced challenges that emerged from ethnic divisions within the Yugoslav sporting world. In his final chapters, Mills demonstrates how football played a central role in the push and pull that led to the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state through a close examination of the activities of supporter's organisations and the Yugoslav football federation. Throughout Mills makes use of an impressive multi-archival approach that makes use of materials from elite and local clubs, national libraries, geographic explorations, and oral histories. His diverse source base allows him to show the influence of football beyond the biggest clubs (Red Star Belgrade, Hajduk Split, etc…) and in the internal and external border lands of the Yugoslav state. Although this is a kind of ‘national' history, showcasing the making and unmaking of a multi-ethnic nation-state, his work does not ignore the transnational and geopolitical elements of Yugoslavian football, including wartime tours of the Mediterranean, and two postwar tours of Croatian communities in Australia. The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia is an award-winning book in sports history and an excellent and readable resource for people wanting to know more about the rise and fall of Yugoslavia during the Twentieth Century. Keith Rathbone is a senior lecturer at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He researches twentieth-century French social and cultural history. His book, entitled Sport and physical culture in Occupied France: Authoritarianism, agency, and everyday life, (Manchester University Press, 2022) examines physical education and sports in order to better understand civic life under the dual authoritarian systems of the German Occupation and the Vichy Regime. If you have a title to suggest for this podcast, please contact him at keith.rathbone@mq.edu.au. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Today we are joined by Richard Mills, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia, and the author of The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia: Sport, Nationalism and the State (I. B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, 2018). In our conversation, we discussed the origins of football in Yugoslavia, the missed possibilities for postwar Yugoslav unity through sport, and football's role in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s. In The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, Mills investigates the rise and fall of Yugoslavia through the lens of sport. His work proceeds chronologically, beginning in the early Twentieth Century with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He traces the politicization of sport as the Kingdom integrated imported sporting codes and local Sokol organisations into their state building program. He continues into the Second World War and the Liberation, showing how football served the forces of collaboration and resistance. Tito's Yugoslavia mobilized football across the country to help foment Yugoslavian identity and revitalize young socialist men, but the state also faced challenges that emerged from ethnic divisions within the Yugoslav sporting world. In his final chapters, Mills demonstrates how football played a central role in the push and pull that led to the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state through a close examination of the activities of supporter's organisations and the Yugoslav football federation. Throughout Mills makes use of an impressive multi-archival approach that makes use of materials from elite and local clubs, national libraries, geographic explorations, and oral histories. His diverse source base allows him to show the influence of football beyond the biggest clubs (Red Star Belgrade, Hajduk Split, etc…) and in the internal and external border lands of the Yugoslav state. Although this is a kind of ‘national' history, showcasing the making and unmaking of a multi-ethnic nation-state, his work does not ignore the transnational and geopolitical elements of Yugoslavian football, including wartime tours of the Mediterranean, and two postwar tours of Croatian communities in Australia. The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia is an award-winning book in sports history and an excellent and readable resource for people wanting to know more about the rise and fall of Yugoslavia during the Twentieth Century. Keith Rathbone is a senior lecturer at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He researches twentieth-century French social and cultural history. His book, entitled Sport and physical culture in Occupied France: Authoritarianism, agency, and everyday life, (Manchester University Press, 2022) examines physical education and sports in order to better understand civic life under the dual authoritarian systems of the German Occupation and the Vichy Regime. If you have a title to suggest for this podcast, please contact him at keith.rathbone@mq.edu.au. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Today we are joined by Richard Mills, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia, and the author of The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia: Sport, Nationalism and the State (I. B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, 2018). In our conversation, we discussed the origins of football in Yugoslavia, the missed possibilities for postwar Yugoslav unity through sport, and football's role in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s. In The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, Mills investigates the rise and fall of Yugoslavia through the lens of sport. His work proceeds chronologically, beginning in the early Twentieth Century with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He traces the politicization of sport as the Kingdom integrated imported sporting codes and local Sokol organisations into their state building program. He continues into the Second World War and the Liberation, showing how football served the forces of collaboration and resistance. Tito's Yugoslavia mobilized football across the country to help foment Yugoslavian identity and revitalize young socialist men, but the state also faced challenges that emerged from ethnic divisions within the Yugoslav sporting world. In his final chapters, Mills demonstrates how football played a central role in the push and pull that led to the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state through a close examination of the activities of supporter's organisations and the Yugoslav football federation. Throughout Mills makes use of an impressive multi-archival approach that makes use of materials from elite and local clubs, national libraries, geographic explorations, and oral histories. His diverse source base allows him to show the influence of football beyond the biggest clubs (Red Star Belgrade, Hajduk Split, etc…) and in the internal and external border lands of the Yugoslav state. Although this is a kind of ‘national' history, showcasing the making and unmaking of a multi-ethnic nation-state, his work does not ignore the transnational and geopolitical elements of Yugoslavian football, including wartime tours of the Mediterranean, and two postwar tours of Croatian communities in Australia. The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia is an award-winning book in sports history and an excellent and readable resource for people wanting to know more about the rise and fall of Yugoslavia during the Twentieth Century. Keith Rathbone is a senior lecturer at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He researches twentieth-century French social and cultural history. His book, entitled Sport and physical culture in Occupied France: Authoritarianism, agency, and everyday life, (Manchester University Press, 2022) examines physical education and sports in order to better understand civic life under the dual authoritarian systems of the German Occupation and the Vichy Regime. If you have a title to suggest for this podcast, please contact him at keith.rathbone@mq.edu.au. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Today we are joined by Richard Mills, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia, and the author of The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia: Sport, Nationalism and the State (I. B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, 2018). In our conversation, we discussed the origins of football in Yugoslavia, the missed possibilities for postwar Yugoslav unity through sport, and football's role in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s. In The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, Mills investigates the rise and fall of Yugoslavia through the lens of sport. His work proceeds chronologically, beginning in the early Twentieth Century with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He traces the politicization of sport as the Kingdom integrated imported sporting codes and local Sokol organisations into their state building program. He continues into the Second World War and the Liberation, showing how football served the forces of collaboration and resistance. Tito's Yugoslavia mobilized football across the country to help foment Yugoslavian identity and revitalize young socialist men, but the state also faced challenges that emerged from ethnic divisions within the Yugoslav sporting world. In his final chapters, Mills demonstrates how football played a central role in the push and pull that led to the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state through a close examination of the activities of supporter's organisations and the Yugoslav football federation. Throughout Mills makes use of an impressive multi-archival approach that makes use of materials from elite and local clubs, national libraries, geographic explorations, and oral histories. His diverse source base allows him to show the influence of football beyond the biggest clubs (Red Star Belgrade, Hajduk Split, etc…) and in the internal and external border lands of the Yugoslav state. Although this is a kind of ‘national' history, showcasing the making and unmaking of a multi-ethnic nation-state, his work does not ignore the transnational and geopolitical elements of Yugoslavian football, including wartime tours of the Mediterranean, and two postwar tours of Croatian communities in Australia. The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia is an award-winning book in sports history and an excellent and readable resource for people wanting to know more about the rise and fall of Yugoslavia during the Twentieth Century. Keith Rathbone is a senior lecturer at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He researches twentieth-century French social and cultural history. His book, entitled Sport and physical culture in Occupied France: Authoritarianism, agency, and everyday life, (Manchester University Press, 2022) examines physical education and sports in order to better understand civic life under the dual authoritarian systems of the German Occupation and the Vichy Regime. If you have a title to suggest for this podcast, please contact him at keith.rathbone@mq.edu.au. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sports

Today we are joined by Richard Mills, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of East Anglia, and the author of The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia: Sport, Nationalism and the State (I. B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, 2018). In our conversation, we discussed the origins of football in Yugoslavia, the missed possibilities for postwar Yugoslav unity through sport, and football's role in the disintegration of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s. In The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, Mills investigates the rise and fall of Yugoslavia through the lens of sport. His work proceeds chronologically, beginning in the early Twentieth Century with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He traces the politicization of sport as the Kingdom integrated imported sporting codes and local Sokol organisations into their state building program. He continues into the Second World War and the Liberation, showing how football served the forces of collaboration and resistance. Tito's Yugoslavia mobilized football across the country to help foment Yugoslavian identity and revitalize young socialist men, but the state also faced challenges that emerged from ethnic divisions within the Yugoslav sporting world. In his final chapters, Mills demonstrates how football played a central role in the push and pull that led to the dissolution of the Yugoslavian state through a close examination of the activities of supporter's organisations and the Yugoslav football federation. Throughout Mills makes use of an impressive multi-archival approach that makes use of materials from elite and local clubs, national libraries, geographic explorations, and oral histories. His diverse source base allows him to show the influence of football beyond the biggest clubs (Red Star Belgrade, Hajduk Split, etc…) and in the internal and external border lands of the Yugoslav state. Although this is a kind of ‘national' history, showcasing the making and unmaking of a multi-ethnic nation-state, his work does not ignore the transnational and geopolitical elements of Yugoslavian football, including wartime tours of the Mediterranean, and two postwar tours of Croatian communities in Australia. The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia is an award-winning book in sports history and an excellent and readable resource for people wanting to know more about the rise and fall of Yugoslavia during the Twentieth Century. Keith Rathbone is a senior lecturer at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He researches twentieth-century French social and cultural history. His book, entitled Sport and physical culture in Occupied France: Authoritarianism, agency, and everyday life, (Manchester University Press, 2022) examines physical education and sports in order to better understand civic life under the dual authoritarian systems of the German Occupation and the Vichy Regime. If you have a title to suggest for this podcast, please contact him at keith.rathbone@mq.edu.au. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/political-science

A country in the heart of Europe, at a crossroads of Venetians, Romans and Ottomans, a balance of Germanic, Austrian and Yugoslavian influences. Yet a country that is absolutely unique and very much, a land of the Slovenes. Join your host Stephen Bailey in discovering this small but beautiful and vastly underrated piece of Europe. From Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj in the Alps, down to Ljubljana, via drinking schnapps out of a bathtub and the 101 on ruining wedding photos.

On June 25, 2021, we will celebrate 30 years of independent Slovenia in the center of Melbourne at Federation Square. The Slovenian community in Victoria is preparing a festive event with the raising of flags, to which all Slovenes and those who are in any way connected with Slovenia are invited. - 25.junija 2021 bomo v središču Melbourna na Trgu federacije proslavili 30 let samostojne Slovenije. Slovenska skupnost v Viktoriji pripravlja svečan dogodek z dvigom zastav, na katerega vabijo vse Slovenke in Slovence ter tiste, ki so kakorkoli povezani s Slovenijo.

In this episode of the Iron Sharpens Iron Movement, Jim Hotaling interviews Samo and Iza Login. In 2009 these Slovenian tech entrepreneurs set out with the goal of creating a new startup that they would build into a successful business and sell in order to dedicate all their time to philanthropic pursuits. In just 7 years, the Login's sold their $250,000 startup for $1 Billion to a Chinese investment group, catapulting them among the wealthiest Europeans and making them the richest Slovenes. The Login’s are the first married couple in the world to reach this level of accomplishment in business—creating a true “unicorn” in such a short time. This spring they are releasing a book, 7 Unicorn Drive, which explores how their unique approach to business and leadership paved the way to financial success and is now allowing them to invest their time and resources in sustainable and eco-friendly endeavors, including large-scale farming projects to help combat climate change. Visit http://ironsharpensiron.fm for show notes and more exclusive content.

On this day of the Reformation, which is a national holiday in Slovenia, we celebrate the birth of the Slovene literary language. During the Reformation, which began in Germany, the Slovenes received the first book in their mother tongue in the first Slovene printed book ever - the Catechism, written in 1550 by Primož Trubar. - Ob današnjem dnevu reformacije, ki je v Sloveniji državni praznik in dela prost dan, obeležujemo rojstvo slovenskega knjižnega jezika. V času reformacije, ki se je začela v Nemčiji, smo namreč Slovenci dobili prvo knjigo v maternem jeziku in prvo slovensko tiskano knjigo sploh − Katekizem, ki ga je leta 1550 napisal Primož Trubar.

By the time Tito got back to his home country in 1920, the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, German and Ottoman empires had all been broken up. In their place were the independent states of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, commonly known as Yugoslavia. It was then that Tito began his career as a revolutionary.

Društvo slovenskih izobražencev v Trstu predstavlja knjigo o aleksandrinkah »Les Slovènes«.Korška galerija likovnih umetnosti v letu 2020.Umrl je akademski slikar Tone Seifert.

The world has been obsessed with the tragedy of the Romanov family for more than a century. It's easy to forget that the Tsar's family were among hundreds of thousands of people killed in the Revolution as well as in conflicts that swept across Eastern Europe. These conflicts would have lasting implications for the entire world. Notes and Links I have really struggled to find a map that shows what I want a map to show. None of them really focus on exactly what I'm focusing on, alas. But, this is one of the best I've found. This map is dated to the end of 1918. Notice the purple stripe that goes all the way across central Siberia--that's the Trans-Siberian Railway and the territory controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion. Eventually, the White Army would travel along the railway with the Czechoslovaks and fight the Red Army. The dark blue areas labeled "1" are areas where Allies invaded and seized territory. The reddish-brown area in the west is the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks. OK, here's another map--and you're going to say, "That's not even in English!" No, it's not, but work with me here. Just refer to the previous image. This map is a year or so later than the previous one. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the black and white line crossing the entire map. Those red arrows along the line show the path of the Bolsheviks moving against the Legion and the White Army as they retreat back to Vladivostok. Notice the dark red striped area in the upper west. That's the Bolshevik-controlled territory, and you can see from the red arrows how the Red Army moved out of this stronghold and across the entire country. Ukraine is the lime green area on the far left of the map. It was handed over to Germany in the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, but Russia reclaimed it. The borders on this map reflect the final size of the new USSR by 1922. It's not hard to see the Romanov daughters as individuals. You can find biographies of each young woman online and learn all sorts of details of their lives. Here you see Tatiana seated, with Maria, Anastasia, and Olga from left to right. Similarly, Alexei is recognizable across history as a little boy whose life was shadowed by an incurable and painful illness but who liked to play tricks on his sisters and always wanted a bicycle. In contrast, the many victims of the Red Terror, and the simultaneous White Terror, are difficult to discern as individuals. I found photos from the Terror, but I'm not going to post them here. They are horrifying. Allied troops, including British, French, Japanese, and American soldiers, were sent to Vladivostok in the far east and Archangel north of St. Petersburg. French and British troops also fought in southern Russia. This photo depicts American units marching through Vladivostok. The Allies never sent enough men to make a real difference in the conflict, and they were withdrawn after having done little more than offend the Russians. The Allies took their own sweet time returning the Czechoslovak Legion to their newly formed homeland; the last troops weren't evacuated from Vladivostok until early 1921. The Legion was incredibly frustrated by the delay. This is a cartoon from a newspaper operated by Legion troops . It shows one last soldier standing along the Sea of Japan waiting for a ship home; it's dated, facetiously, 1980. This map shows the new nations created after the war in eastern Europe. Finland, Estonia and Latvia achieve independence from Russia. Poland was combined from portions of Russia, Germany, and the Austria-Hungarian empire. Notice the pale green strip extending to the Baltic Sea; that's the Polish corridor, that left East Prussia separate from the rest of Germany. Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary arose out of the former Austria-Hungarian Empire. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was soon renamed Yugoslavia; it combined territory from Austria-Hungary with the former Serbia. Romania seized territory from its neighbors, gaining a sizeable increase in land. Dividing up territory in Eastern Europe was difficult and contentious. Self-determination had made it seem easy, but who "owned" a city like Cieszyn in Upper Silesia? The region had been controlled by multiple states over its history and was claimed by the Poles, the Czechs, and the Germans. Cieszyn (its Polish spelling), also known as Těšín in Czech and Teschen in German, was divided down the middle by the Paris Peace Conference, a solution that satisfied no one. Here you can see a guard station hastily erected on the international border in the middle of town. Another contested territory in eastern Europe was the Sudetenland; those are the dark brown portions on the map. While traditionally part of Czech territory, they were largely inhabited by ethnic Germans. The Paris Peace Conference sided with the Czechs and gave the land to the new Czechoslovakia, to the fury of the Germans. The Nazis would never let the perceived injustice of the Sudetenland die. Many of the sources for this week are the same as last week, and I won't repeat them here. The following are a few sources that are particularly relevant to this episode.

This is the first of our bonus episodes supported by our generous Patreon supporters, unlocked after a month behind the cruel capitalist paywall - but what are you gonna do about it? Support us on Patreon! WE HAVE A T-PUBLIC STORE what a fashionable way to support our podcast We now have a website that you can find here! Feel free to send us an email at PreviouslyInEurope@gmail.com or follow us on Twitter @PrevInEurope If you can please leave us a review on Apple Podcasts and if you can't do that tell a friend, this stuff really helps us out Also, have you considered Matteo Renzi? Show Notes: Slovenia What is Slovenia? (CIA Factbook + How Voting/Gov/Parties work) 2. Big News in Little Slovenia 3. Why we don't talk about Slovenia? The Google search result card text: Slovenia, a country in Central Europe, is known for its mountains, ski resorts and lakes. On Lake Bled, a glacial lake fed by hot springs, the town of Bled contains a church-topped islet and a cliffside medieval castle. In Ljubljana, Slovenia’s capital, baroque facades mix with the 20th-century architecture of native Jože Plečnik, whose iconic Tromostovje (Triple Bridge) spans the tightly curving Ljubljanica River. The CIA has a more historical summary: The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia was one of the republics in the restored Yugoslavia, which, though communist, soon distanced itself from the Soviet Union and spearheaded the Non-Aligned Movement. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a growing economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's postcommunist transition. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen zone in 2007. Editorial version Small country with 2m people on the border of Italy... They disagree with Croatia as to where that border is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes) Government? Slovenia has one! It's one of those fun "incomplete bicameral systems". http://www.slovenia.si/slovenia/state/parliament-the-national-assembly/ National Assembly Lower house Actual power 90 members 1 for Hungarian and Italian minorities each National Council No real power (There is a very confusing description from their own website circa 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060422134553/http://www.ds-rs.si/en/index.htm) Doesn't pass legislation, more one of those "we'll just correct that for you" bits of government. They have a delay type veto "22 representatives of local interests, six representatives of non-commercial activities four representatives of employers and four of employees and four representatives of farmers, crafts and trades and independent professionals. "... so eh, yeah non-elected, but NOT like the house of lords kind of non-elected. They also have 5 year terms President Mostly ceremonial, commander in chief, yadda yadda yadda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NationalCouncil(Slovenia) Yes yes, but currently? Well... the 2018 election was fun. It mostly started because of the 2017 Railway Referendum where some people didn't like a new railway like (but also there were calls of corruption and what not). The referendum passed to keep the railway project, but the supreme court deemed it unconstitutional because of government money being used to campaign for it (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017Slovenianrailwayreferendum#citenote-14)... So the PM resigned... the election went ahead in June but the government wasn't formed until September with a mega-coalition of 5(6?) parties (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13thGovernmentofSlovenia) The center right won the election but nobody would work with them (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SlovenianDemocratic_Party) Reuters ran the unhelpful headline "Anti-immigration party wins Slovenia elections" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slovenia-election/anti-immigration-party-wins-slovenia-elections-idUSKCN1IY0V1) Big News in Little Slovenia? Well there was almost a big government deal with the Budget this year where the Left party supporting the minority government didn't like pension reforms but it ended up passing and overriding the upper house veto (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slovenia-budget/slovenian-parliament-confirms-2019-budget-with-opposition-help-idUSKCN1R125S) It seems like the government is pretty popular polling well ahead of their election results (https://pollofpolls.eu/SI) ##Big News in Little Slovenia Also Retirement age has raised which people are upset by BUT pensions have gone up. 10% increase for men, 5% for women while the retirement age will increase by 9 years for men and 14 years for women. A court in Slovenia has sentenced a right-wing politician to eight months in prison for organizing a self-style militia that was filmed posing with weapons like axes and rifles. https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/vsaka-pokojninska-reforma-zaostruje-pogoje-za-upokojevanje/482639 https://apnews.com/8110ca9c647140b8bc55a48c44781273

The war had started with an ultimatum to Serbia, Serbia would also be there when it was over. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Jasmine talks to Irina Souchtchenko the founder of the Slavic Folk Museum, which houses the largest private collection of Slavic costume, textiles and art in the United States. Slavic peoples include East Slavs (chiefly Belarusians, Russians, Rusyns, and Ukrainians), West Slavs (chiefly Czechs, Kashubs, Moravians, Poles, Silesians, Slovaks and Sorbs), and South Slavs (chiefly Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes). In the interview they talk about the layered and meaning within Slavic textiles, winter solstice traditions, and the importance of preserving traditional textile and costumes. Image: @slavicfolkmuseum To learn more about Slavic Folk Museum Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/slavicfolkmuseum/ Donate to the Slavic Folk Museum Paypal: slavicfolkmuseum.com Visit museum store: https://slavicfolkmuseum.com/ Website: www.unravelpodcast.com Patreon: www.patreon.com/unravelpodcast PayPal: www.paypal.me/unravelpodcast Instagram: @unravelpodcast Twitter: @unravelpodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/unravelpodcast/ Pinterest: Unravel: A Fashion Podcast www.pinterest.com/afashionpodcast/ Stitcher: www.stitcher.com/podcast/unravel-podcast Waller Gallery Website www.wallergallery.com/ Waller Gallery Instagram: @wallergallery Jasmine's Nicaragua Instagram: @recuerdosdenicaragua

After a long delay, here at last is the new episode! Today, we discuss the early foreign policy of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the internal measures taken to make unification a reality. Theme Music – “Charlotte” by Damiano Baldoni, licensed under CC BY 4.0 Main Maps Page Patreon

ON_THIS_DAY_IN_HISTORY - 1st December 1918 - The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is proclaimed by Prince Regent Alexander of SerbiaThis kingdom, known to history as Yugoslavia, was to have a tumultuous birth, life cycle and death, but even its very name was contentious! Serbs wanted the state to indicate the greater Serb role in its administration and creation; non Serbs wanted to maintain the facade that all were equal under the new kingdom, and that it was more a union or federation than a unitary state. The facade was not maintained for long.This fragile kingdom, which drew together so many Balkan states and tidied up the region a great deal, was not built to last, but in this episode we examine the circumstances surrounding its proclamation, in the context of a world which was struggling to get to grips with everything that had come pouring out of Pandora's Box...*************The Versailles Anniversary Project is possible because of your support and interest - make sure to spread the word, engage with the debate, and look at the different ways you can help this project succeed!->Visit the homeland for this new project!->Become a delegate and play the Delegation Game for just $6 a month!->Support the podcast financially and access ad free episodes with transcripts from just $2 a month! ->Follow WDF on Twitter! ->Join the Facebook group!->Subscribe on iTunes! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

An exhibition that is part of the French centenary commemorations for the end of World War I provides a fascinating historical and geographical eye-opener, centred on the peace treaties signed after the war and what came next in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East. The Museum of the Armies, set in Paris's imposing Invalides complex built in the 17th century under Louis XIV, has brought together rare documents and artefacts, parts of uniforms or weapons, propaganda tools like posters from some 20 collections in France and Europe, east and west. The museum's film department has joined Gaumont-Pathé in digging out and restored some rarely seen footage. As part of the many events being organised in France this year for the centenary of the end of World War I, on 11 November 2018, the exhibition sheds light on the lesser known consequences of the devastating war on countries west of France and Italy. Without ignorng the suffering of the soldiers and their families in the Flanders fields, the exhibition, put together by military historians and geographers, looks at what happened after the fall of four great empires, the Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and German. It shifts the historical emphasis to the east and reveals that after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919 conflict and crises were not over. Geographically, the show moves from the treaty room on to Germany, Poland and the Baltic States and Russia. It pursues its course in Mitteleuropa, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and Albania. The last room's focus is on the Levant, on Greece, Turkey, Syria and Lebanon (including Sykes-Picot sketches and a costume worn by TE Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia). Visitors can take in European border changes in the first room, since the 13th century. Then they can contemplate the question of nationalities and borders, revolutions, counter-revolutions, civil wars and civilian casualties. Finally they can examine the role of France, a country which emerged as a military power to be reckoned with, whose ambassadors and soldiers were highly influential in reestablishing stability.

An exhibition that is part of the French centenary commemorations for the end of World War I provides a fascinating historical and geographical eye-opener, centred on the peace treaties signed after the war and what came next in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East. The Museum of the Armies, set in Paris's imposing Invalides complex built in the 17th century under Louis XIV, has brought together rare documents and artefacts, parts of uniforms or weapons, propaganda tools like posters from some 20 collections in France and Europe, east and west. The museum's film department has joined Gaumont-Pathé in digging out and restored some rarely seen footage. As part of the many events being organised in France this year for the centenary of the end of World War I, on 11 November 2018, the exhibition sheds light on the lesser known consequences of the devastating war on countries west of France and Italy. Without ignorng the suffering of the soldiers and their families in the Flanders fields, the exhibition, put together by military historians and geographers, looks at what happened after the fall of four great empires, the Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and German. It shifts the historical emphasis to the east and reveals that after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919 conflict and crises were not over. Geographically, the show moves from the treaty room on to Germany, Poland and the Baltic States and Russia. It pursues its course in Mitteleuropa, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and Albania. The last room's focus is on the Levant, on Greece, Turkey, Syria and Lebanon (including Sykes-Picot sketches and a costume worn by TE Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia). Visitors can take in European border changes in the first room, since the 13th century. Then they can contemplate the question of nationalities and borders, revolutions, counter-revolutions, civil wars and civilian casualties. Finally they can examine the role of France, a country which emerged as a military power to be reckoned with, whose ambassadors and soldiers were highly influential in reestablishing stability.

Today, we finally finish off World War I, and witness the birth of Yugoslavia. Or the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, as it was called at first. Theme Music – “Charlotte” by Damiano Baldoni, licensed under CC BY 4.0 Main Maps Page Patreon

Former Yugoslavia leaders sign Dayton Peace Accord. After Yugoslavia’s communist dictator Marshal Tito died in 1980, ethnic differences generated chaos. Ethnic and religious factions pitted Albanians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Orthodox Christians, Catholics and Muslims against each other, resulting in three and a half years of civil war marked by ethnic cleansing and 200,000 deaths. Eventually, the leaders of Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia initiated a peace process named after talks that took place in Dayton, Ohio. On December 14, 1995 in Paris, the three leaders signed the Dayton Accord, which pledged thousands of United Nations Peacekeepers to the region to keep Bosnia together, yet with divided federations. The Croat federation held most of the country’s 51 per cent Muslims, while the Serb republic held the remainder of the population. The peace process was paved with conflict and mistrust and complicated by Serbia’s leader, Slobodan Milosevic, attempting to control as much of the former Yugoslavia as possible; he was later prosecuted for war crimes and died in his prison cell in March, 2006. But by 2003, the UN succeeded in transferring powers to local police and military. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This week, hundreds of Slovenes living in Brussels will gather at the European Commission to commemorate their national Statehood Day. This year will celebrate the 26th year of Slovenian independence from Yugoslavia. However, despite the country's long history of bouncing between different empires, Slovenian national Urska Grahek said Slovenes have always had a strong national identity.

Starting with Metternich’s declaration that the Balkans begin at Rennweg (a street in the Third District of Vienna), Ana Foteva draws on novels, plays, librettos and travelogues from the 19th through the 21st century to explore the various forms the Balkan region has taken in Europe’s political and cultural imagination. Her analysis of these literary works reveals concepts of belonging, multi-belonging and unbelonging among Serbians, Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes and even Austrians. Ana Foteva applies postmodern geography, literary, and colonial theories to demonstrate the relationship between the development of national identity, the pull of Habsburg imperial identity, the shaping of Yugoslav identity, and the fracturing of the Balkans in the 1990s. In our podcast conversation, she discusses and challenges stereotypes of the Balkans as a region of perpetual conflict. Do the Balkans Begin in Vienna? The Geopolitical and Imaginary Borders Between the Balkans and Europe (Peter Lang, 20speaks to complex identities in the region rarely seen in contemporary media accounts. Ana Foteva received her PhD in German literature at Purdue University. Currently she holds the position of Visiting Assistant Professor in German Studies at St. Lawrence University. Amanda Jeanne Swain is executive director of the Humanities Commons at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD in Russian and East European history at the University of Washington. Her research interests include the intersections of national, Soviet and European identities in the Baltic countries. Recent publications include articles in Ab Imperio and Cahiers du Monde Russe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Starting with Metternich’s declaration that the Balkans begin at Rennweg (a street in the Third District of Vienna), Ana Foteva draws on novels, plays, librettos and travelogues from the 19th through the 21st century to explore the various forms the Balkan region has taken in Europe’s political and cultural imagination. Her analysis of these literary works reveals concepts of belonging, multi-belonging and unbelonging among Serbians, Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes and even Austrians. Ana Foteva applies postmodern geography, literary, and colonial theories to demonstrate the relationship between the development of national identity, the pull of Habsburg imperial identity, the shaping of Yugoslav identity, and the fracturing of the Balkans in the 1990s. In our podcast conversation, she discusses and challenges stereotypes of the Balkans as a region of perpetual conflict. Do the Balkans Begin in Vienna? The Geopolitical and Imaginary Borders Between the Balkans and Europe (Peter Lang, 20speaks to complex identities in the region rarely seen in contemporary media accounts. Ana Foteva received her PhD in German literature at Purdue University. Currently she holds the position of Visiting Assistant Professor in German Studies at St. Lawrence University. Amanda Jeanne Swain is executive director of the Humanities Commons at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD in Russian and East European history at the University of Washington. Her research interests include the intersections of national, Soviet and European identities in the Baltic countries. Recent publications include articles in Ab Imperio and Cahiers du Monde Russe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Starting with Metternich’s declaration that the Balkans begin at Rennweg (a street in the Third District of Vienna), Ana Foteva draws on novels, plays, librettos and travelogues from the 19th through the 21st century to explore the various forms the Balkan region has taken in Europe’s political and cultural imagination. Her analysis of these literary works reveals concepts of belonging, multi-belonging and unbelonging among Serbians, Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes and even Austrians. Ana Foteva applies postmodern geography, literary, and colonial theories to demonstrate the relationship between the development of national identity, the pull of Habsburg imperial identity, the shaping of Yugoslav identity, and the fracturing of the Balkans in the 1990s. In our podcast conversation, she discusses and challenges stereotypes of the Balkans as a region of perpetual conflict. Do the Balkans Begin in Vienna? The Geopolitical and Imaginary Borders Between the Balkans and Europe (Peter Lang, 20speaks to complex identities in the region rarely seen in contemporary media accounts. Ana Foteva received her PhD in German literature at Purdue University. Currently she holds the position of Visiting Assistant Professor in German Studies at St. Lawrence University. Amanda Jeanne Swain is executive director of the Humanities Commons at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD in Russian and East European history at the University of Washington. Her research interests include the intersections of national, Soviet and European identities in the Baltic countries. Recent publications include articles in Ab Imperio and Cahiers du Monde Russe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Starting with Metternich’s declaration that the Balkans begin at Rennweg (a street in the Third District of Vienna), Ana Foteva draws on novels, plays, librettos and travelogues from the 19th through the 21st century to explore the various forms the Balkan region has taken in Europe’s political and cultural imagination. Her analysis of these literary works reveals concepts of belonging, multi-belonging and unbelonging among Serbians, Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes and even Austrians. Ana Foteva applies postmodern geography, literary, and colonial theories to demonstrate the relationship between the development of national identity, the pull of Habsburg imperial identity, the shaping of Yugoslav identity, and the fracturing of the Balkans in the 1990s. In our podcast conversation, she discusses and challenges stereotypes of the Balkans as a region of perpetual conflict. Do the Balkans Begin in Vienna? The Geopolitical and Imaginary Borders Between the Balkans and Europe (Peter Lang, 20speaks to complex identities in the region rarely seen in contemporary media accounts. Ana Foteva received her PhD in German literature at Purdue University. Currently she holds the position of Visiting Assistant Professor in German Studies at St. Lawrence University. Amanda Jeanne Swain is executive director of the Humanities Commons at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD in Russian and East European history at the University of Washington. Her research interests include the intersections of national, Soviet and European identities in the Baltic countries. Recent publications include articles in Ab Imperio and Cahiers du Monde Russe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Starting with Metternich’s declaration that the Balkans begin at Rennweg (a street in the Third District of Vienna), Ana Foteva draws on novels, plays, librettos and travelogues from the 19th through the 21st century to explore the various forms the Balkan region has taken in Europe’s political and cultural imagination. Her analysis of these literary works reveals concepts of belonging, multi-belonging and unbelonging among Serbians, Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes and even Austrians. Ana Foteva applies postmodern geography, literary, and colonial theories to demonstrate the relationship between the development of national identity, the pull of Habsburg imperial identity, the shaping of Yugoslav identity, and the fracturing of the Balkans in the 1990s. In our podcast conversation, she discusses and challenges stereotypes of the Balkans as a region of perpetual conflict. Do the Balkans Begin in Vienna? The Geopolitical and Imaginary Borders Between the Balkans and Europe (Peter Lang, 20speaks to complex identities in the region rarely seen in contemporary media accounts. Ana Foteva received her PhD in German literature at Purdue University. Currently she holds the position of Visiting Assistant Professor in German Studies at St. Lawrence University. Amanda Jeanne Swain is executive director of the Humanities Commons at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD in Russian and East European history at the University of Washington. Her research interests include the intersections of national, Soviet and European identities in the Baltic countries. Recent publications include articles in Ab Imperio and Cahiers du Monde Russe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Bruna Riccobon | Memoirs of a Refugee Girl     WWII came to northeastern Italy and the coastal city of Trieste long before the Germans did.  As early as 1940 Fascist Italian rulers were eliminating nationalist and anti-Fascist Italians and Slovenes, imprisoning and killing thousands. As Trieste resistance fighters became active in 1943, German troops were being stationed in the region and ruling the newly formed Italian Social Republic from behind the scenes.  By 1944 near Trieste, the Germans had built the only concentration camp (with crematorium) in Italy.  Its effects were devastating, killing more than 3,000 Jews, Slovenes, and Italians. When she was a young girl, Bruna Riccobon’s family endured Trieste’s brutal Nazi occupation and subjugation of civilians.  However, by 1945 as the Allies gained ground in Italy and forced the Germans to retreat northward, the Yugoslavians moved in on Trieste and liberated the region in the name of communism. The heavy-handed Yugoslavians used their own concentration camps and execution program to punish Fascist and German collaborators, but they also began to purge hundreds of local nationalist and anti-communist Italians.  The Riccobon family, having survived the Nazis, where then forced to endure the Tito Communists until the Allies gained full control over the region. On episode 1 of the podcast, Allegheny-Kiski Valley Historical Society and Heritage Museum curator Jamie Stoner talks with Pittsburgh author Bruna Riccobon about her latest book, Memoirs of a Refugee Girl—a story of a girl during WWII in a part of Italy that later fell under communist regime, her years spent in refugee camps and immigration to America, and her struggles to adjust to a new culture and growth into adulthood. This episode was recorded April 23, 2016, Tarentum, Pennsylvania. Host: Jamie Stoner. Guest: Bruna Riccobon. Audiography: Kevin Farkas, Bryan Chemini. Music: Siren ("Let You Know"), Shoreline ("Weeks"), Alexander White ("What We Saw") available at Soundcloud.com.  ©2017 Alle-Kiski Chronicle Podast/TSVP. All rights reserved.   OTHER WAYS TO FIND THE PODCAST jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('#slider_3067').owlCarousel({ responsive:{ 0:{ items:1 }, 480:{ items:2 }, 768:{ items:3 }, 980:{ items:4 }, 1200:{ items:4 }, 1500:{ items:4 } }, autoplay : true, autoplayTimeout : 3000, autoplayHoverPause : true, smartSpeed : 400, fluidSpeed : 400, autoplaySpeed : 400, navSpeed : 400, dotsSpeed : 400, loop : true, nav : true, navText : ['',''], dots : true, responsiveRefreshRate : 200, slideBy : 1, mergeFit : true, autoHeight : false, mouseDrag : true, touchDrag : true }); jQuery('#slider_3067').css('visibility', 'visible'); sa_resize_slider_3067(); window.addEventListener('resize', sa_resize_slider_3067); function sa_resize_slider_3067() { var min_height = '50'; var win_width = jQuery(window).width(); var slider_width = jQuery('#slider_3067').width(); if (win_width < 480) { var slide_width = slider_width / 1; } else if (win_width < 768) { var slide_width = slider_width / 2; } else if (win_width < 980) { var slide_width = slider_width / 3; } else if (win_width < 1200) { var slide_width = slider_width / 4; } else if (win_width < 1500) { var slide_width = slider_width / 4; } else { var slide_width = slider_width / 4; } slide_width = Math.round(slide_width); var slide_height = '0'; if (min_height == 'aspect43') { slide_height = (slide_width / 4) * 3; slide_height = Math.round(slide_height); } else if (min_height == 'aspect169') { slide_height = (slide_width / 16) * 9; slide_height = Math.round(slide_height); } else { slide_height = (slide_width / 100) * min_height; slide_height = Math.round(slide_height); } jQuery('#slider_3067 .owl-item .sa_hover_container').css('min-height',

Rick visits the home of his friend and Slovenian tour guide, Tina Hiti, to learn about family life in Slovenia, and how things have changed since living under Yugoslavia's "Third Way." Slovenia was the first Yugoslav republic to hold free elections and became independent in 1991. Thanks to its long-standing ties to the West and can-do spirit, Slovenia feels quite "Western", yet Slovenes proudly retain their own traditions and culture. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.

Rick visits the home of his friend and Slovenian tour guide, Tina Hiti, to learn about family life in Slovenia, and how things have changed since living under Yugoslavia's "Third Way." Slovenia was the first Yugoslav republic to hold free elections and became independent in 1991. Thanks to its long-standing ties to the West and can-do spirit, Slovenia feels quite "Western", yet Slovenes proudly retain their own traditions and culture. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.

What if much of what we think we know about nationalism and the spread of the national identity over the course of the nineteenth century were wrong? This view is so widely accepted and ingrained in how we talk about the relationship between modernization and national identity that a different account is hard to imagine. Yet Pieter Judson has made a convincing case in Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontiers of Imperial Austria (Harvard University Press, 2006) that national conflict was not inexorably spreading from urban areas to the countryside. Indeed, he shows that villagers in mixed areas stubbornly resisted nationalist efforts to make them declare themselves once and for all as Germans, Czechs, Slovenes, or Italians depending on the region. The fact that we have thought otherwise stands as a triumph of nationalist propaganda, when nationalists began turning their attention to the countryside in 1880s, and made schoolhouses, rural demographic decline, and nationally oriented tourism a keystone of their efforts to make national identity of people’s lives. In so doing Judson offers a valuable corrective and shows how enduring historical narratives are not always right because they are accurate. I had a wonderful tim speaking with him and learning more about what really was going on when nationalists focused their attention on ethnically mixed rural areas. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What if much of what we think we know about nationalism and the spread of the national identity over the course of the nineteenth century were wrong? This view is so widely accepted and ingrained in how we talk about the relationship between modernization and national identity that a different account is hard to imagine. Yet Pieter Judson has made a convincing case in Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontiers of Imperial Austria (Harvard University Press, 2006) that national conflict was not inexorably spreading from urban areas to the countryside. Indeed, he shows that villagers in mixed areas stubbornly resisted nationalist efforts to make them declare themselves once and for all as Germans, Czechs, Slovenes, or Italians depending on the region. The fact that we have thought otherwise stands as a triumph of nationalist propaganda, when nationalists began turning their attention to the countryside in 1880s, and made schoolhouses, rural demographic decline, and nationally oriented tourism a keystone of their efforts to make national identity of people’s lives. In so doing Judson offers a valuable corrective and shows how enduring historical narratives are not always right because they are accurate. I had a wonderful tim speaking with him and learning more about what really was going on when nationalists focused their attention on ethnically mixed rural areas. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What if much of what we think we know about nationalism and the spread of the national identity over the course of the nineteenth century were wrong? This view is so widely accepted and ingrained in how we talk about the relationship between modernization and national identity that a different account is hard to imagine. Yet Pieter Judson has made a convincing case in Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontiers of Imperial Austria (Harvard University Press, 2006) that national conflict was not inexorably spreading from urban areas to the countryside. Indeed, he shows that villagers in mixed areas stubbornly resisted nationalist efforts to make them declare themselves once and for all as Germans, Czechs, Slovenes, or Italians depending on the region. The fact that we have thought otherwise stands as a triumph of nationalist propaganda, when nationalists began turning their attention to the countryside in 1880s, and made schoolhouses, rural demographic decline, and nationally oriented tourism a keystone of their efforts to make national identity of people’s lives. In so doing Judson offers a valuable corrective and shows how enduring historical narratives are not always right because they are accurate. I had a wonderful tim speaking with him and learning more about what really was going on when nationalists focused their attention on ethnically mixed rural areas. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Beginners.  We are continuing our study of different countries, with Croatia. It is a realtively small country in Central and Southeastern Europe, that is sandwiched between Slovenia and Hungary to the North, Serbia to the Northeast, Bosnia and Hertzegovina to the East, and Montenegro to the Southeast. Just opposite, to the West, across the Adriatic Sea, is Italy. It is shaped like a crescent moon. The geography of this country is quite varied. It has a very long rocky coastline, plains, lakes and rolling hills to the North and East, and very dense forests and mountains in the Dinaric Alps. Certainly there is a lot of variety in an area of 56 and a half thousand square kilometres. There are over 1000 islands in the Croatian territory, many inhabited, and enjoyed by tourists. Croatia is famous for its national parks and for having 49 caves, three of which are deeper than 1000 metres. It is also home to seven Unesco World Heritage sites. It has certainly become a hot spot for tourist in recent years. If you are looking for natural beauty and history at a reasonable price, apparently you need look no further. Grammar notes. Useful vocabulary: to be sandwiched (in) between, rolling hills, a hot spot. Exs: Our house is sandwiched between a butcher's and a baker's. The rolling hills look smooth because they are not very high, nor do they have jagged rocks. That night club is the city's main hot spot. Advanced. The earliest inhabitants of Croatia have been found to be Neanderthals. Several tribes of different regions lived in various areas of what now forms Croatia. In  9 AD, it became part of the Roman empire. However, in the 7th century AD, European Avars invaded and destroyed nearly all of the roman towns. The Croats organized themselves into 2 areas, and missionaries set about christianizing the people. Pope John V111 recognised Branimir as the Croats first leader in 872, but it did not become a kingdom until a century later. The Hungarian and Croatian royalties were related, and Hungary took over for 400 years, though Croatian independence was recognized. A Sabor, or kind of parliament ruled for the next 400 years. Croatia joined the Hapsburg empire in 1527 but then became independent in 1918. At this point Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes united to become Yugoslavia, much to the outrage of the majority of Croats; they wanted state independence. Yugoslavia was quickly overtaken by Nazi Germany and a puppet Croatian ruling party, the Ustache, was set up. It was a brutal regime. After the war, Yugoslavia became socialist, and later a major war between the Croats and the Serbs took place between 1991 and 1995. Croatia was finally recognized in 1992 as an independent country. // //