Podcasts about versailles treaty

Edward Mandell House, better known as Colonel House, was a pivotal figure in American politics and diplomacy during World War I, serving as President Woodrow Wilson's closest advisor and confidant from 1913 to 1919. A wealthy Texan, House was a skilled political operator who shunned public office but wielded immense influence behind the scenes. His role during World War I was particularly significant in shaping U.S. foreign policy and Wilson's vision for peace. To discuss House, the World War I Podcast hosted Andrew Phillips, Curator at the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library and Museum in Staunton, VA.Part 2 of 2Listen to Part I.Learn more about the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library and Museum.Have a comment about this episode? Send us a text message! (Note: we can read texts, but we cannot respond.) Follow us: Twitter: @MacArthur1880 Amanda Williams on Twitter: @AEWilliamsClark Facebook/Instagram: @MacArthurMemorial www.macarthurmemorial.org

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Besides the Wilsonian internationalists, who wanted the Treaty and Covenant ratified unchanged, there were those who wanted to add so-called reservations to the treaties: conditions to U.S. acceptance and participation in the League that the other signatories would have to accept. Written by Thomas W. Bottelier. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. A textual version of this video is available at https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/treaty-of-versailles-us-ratification-fight. Audio production by Katherine Weiss, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Laura Seeger. This is a production of Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective at the Goldberg Center in the Department of History at The Ohio State University and the Department of History at Miami University. Be sure to subscribe to our channel to receive updates about our videos and podcasts. For more information about Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, please visit origins.osu.edu.

#Ukraine: The peace negotiation table remains unbuilt. Katrina vanden Heuvel, @TheNation.com https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/09/22/us-will-send-ukraine-atacms-missiles-biden-zelensky/ 1919 Versailles Treaty

On this day in history, August 25, 1921, the U.S.–German Peace Treaty was signed in Berlin, marking a significant moment in the aftermath of World War I. The treaty was necessitated by the U.S. Senate's refusal to ratify the multilateral peace treaty signed in Versailles, leading to a separate peace agreement with Germany. The U.S. had declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, and was part of the Allied Powers that defeated the German Empire. The end of the war saw the overthrow of the German monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Spoiler alert for those that haven't read the next chapter in the metaphorical history book yet, that would not go well.The U.S. Senate's objections to the Versailles Treaty were largely due to its provisions regarding the League of Nations. As a result, the U.S. and Germany began negotiations for a bilateral peace treaty, culminating in the signing of the treaty on August 25, 1921. The treaty became effective on November 11, 1921, after ratifications were exchanged in Berlin. It laid the foundations for American-German cooperation outside the strict supervision of the League of Nations, partially assisting the Weimar Republic in easing the burden of war reparations. Diplomatic relations were reestablished, and a supplementary treaty was signed in 1922 to decide the amount of reparations to be paid by Germany to the U.S. The signing of the treaty also led to the retirement of the Morgan silver dollar in favor of the new Peace dollar design, symbolizing a new era of peace and cooperation–in aspirations if not in reality. Treaty between the United States and Germany restoring friendly relations, signed at Berlin August 25, 1921The Biden administration is collaborating with Texas to restore Medicaid coverage to approximately 90,000 individuals who had lost it erroneously, according to senior officials from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). The officials are working with the state's Medicaid agency to reinstate coverage back to the date when it was terminated. The restoration is expected to be completed by the end of the month. This move follows a letter from Democratic House members from Texas, urging the CMS to investigate reported problems at the Texas Medicaid agency. A whistleblower letter had alleged system failures leading to incorrect coverage terminations, affecting thousands of pregnant women and seniors. The Texas Democrats accused the state of not complying with federal Medicaid requirements and called for CMS intervention. Nearly 600,000 Texans have already lost Medicaid coverage in recent months, mostly due to procedural reasons. Legislators have warned of further "catastrophic coverage losses" as Texas sends renewal notices to more enrollees. Rep. Lloyd Doggett emphasized the need for swift federal action to prevent interruptions in care for disadvantaged families.HHS Moves to Restore Medicaid Coverage to 90,000 in Texas (1)JPMorgan Chase & Co. has won a federal appeals court ruling that a $1.8 billion leveraged loan was not a security, marking a significant victory for the banking and private equity sectors. The ruling came in a securities fraud lawsuit related to a 2014 syndicated loan deal led by JPMorgan for drug-testing company Millennium Health, which later filed for bankruptcy. Currently, loan notes are not considered securities, so a ruling against JPMorgan could have had broad implications for the regulation of the leveraged loan market. If classified as securities, loans would require additional disclosures, more financial data, and quicker settlement of trades. The decision is seen as favorable for banks and private equity firms, which frequently use leveraged loans in buyout deals. Advocates for reclassifying leveraged loans have argued that it would bring transparency to an opaque part of the financial markets. The appeals court agreed with a lower court's dismissal of the plaintiff's fraud claims, finding that the notes were not securities. The Securities and Exchange Commission declined to offer its opinion on the matter, despite heavy lobbying from the Loan Syndications and Trading Association. The trustee had claimed that JPMorgan and other banks withheld crucial information about Millennium's troubles. The appeals court found that the notes did not meet three of the four factors required to be considered a security under U.S. law.The test to determine whether a financial instrument is considered a security under U.S. law comes from the Supreme Court case of SEC v. W. J. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946). This test is commonly referred to as the Howey Test, and it has four factors that must be considered:* Investment of Money: There must be an investment of money or other tangible or definable consideration.* Common Enterprise: The investment must be in a common enterprise, meaning that the fortunes of the investor are interwoven with those of either the promoter or a third party.* Expectation of Profits: There must be an expectation of profits from the investment. This could include capital appreciation resulting from the development of the initial investment or a participation in earnings.* Efforts of Others: The profits must come solely from the efforts of others, typically the promoter or third party, not the investor. This element emphasizes that the investor must be a passive participant in the business.Subsequent cases, such as United Housing Foundation, Inc. v. Forman, 421 U.S. 837 (1975), have further clarified the Howey Test, specifically focusing on the economic realities of the scheme and noting that the form should be disregarded for the substance. Moreover, other cases such as Reves v. Ernst & Young, 494 U.S. 56 (1990), introduced a "family resemblance test" which helps in differentiating notes that are securities from those that are not.The Howey Test remains a fundamental standard in securities law, providing a broad and flexible framework to accommodate the evolving nature of investment schemes.JPMorgan Wins Ruling That Leveraged Loans Are Not Securities (2)Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has lost a bid to force Google and YouTube to restore videos in which he questioned the safety of Covid-19 vaccines. Kennedy, who is seeking to be the Democratic Party's 2024 presidential nominee, alleged that YouTube violated his First Amendment right to political speech when it removed the videos due to its medical and vaccine misinformation policies. The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California stated that the suit is likely to fail because Google and YouTube are not state actors subject to the free speech clause of the First Amendment. Judge Trina L. Thompson denied Kennedy's motion for a temporary restraining order that would prevent the tech companies from keeping the videos off their platform. The judge ruled that emails between government officials and Google personnel about vaccine misinformation were not enough to show that YouTube's decisions were state decisions or evidence of a conspiracy to censor speech. There was no evidence that government officials demanded that Google adopt a Covid-19 misinformation policy, nor that they communicated with Google regarding Kennedy specifically. The evidence showed that communications between government officials and Google were merely "consultation and information sharing." The case is scheduled for a hearing on November 7 regarding Kennedy's motion for a preliminary injunction and the companies' motion to dismiss.RFK Jr. Loses Bid to Force YouTube to Re-Post Anti-Vax VideosStarbucks Corp. is on the verge of defeating a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) attempt to obtain a temporary injunction from a New York federal court. US District Judge John Sinatra ruled that the NLRB's move to block the court's discovery order in the case is "repugnant" and necessitates the dismissal of the agency's injunction petition. The NLRB has until September 1 to avoid dismissal by ceasing efforts to obstruct the discovery order. This ruling is a significant victory for Starbucks' aggressive discovery strategy in response to the NLRB's attempts to quickly obtain court orders. The NLRB has authorized its General Counsel, Jennifer Abruzzo, to sue Starbucks 10 separate times for 10(j) injunctions. The NLRB has won two cases and obtained an interim settlement in a third, while Sinatra's decision could mark the second loss for the agency. Three cases are ongoing, and one authorized petition hasn't been filed yet. Abruzzo plans to challenge Sinatra's ruling at the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Starbucks Workers United criticized the decision, while a Starbucks spokesperson said the ruling made clear that the NLRB "crossed the line." The injunction case has lasted over 400 days, mainly due to discovery disputes, with Sinatra permitting Starbucks to issue nearly 22 subpoenas for various information related to union activities.Starbucks on Verge of Beating NLRB Injunction Bid in N.Y. (1)Former U.S. President Donald Trump was booked at an Atlanta jail on more than a dozen felony charges related to his attempts to overturn his 2020 election defeat in Georgia. Though his mugshot was released, the focus of the case is on the wide-ranging criminal charges he faces. Trump spent only about 20 minutes at the jail before returning to his New Jersey golf club, maintaining that the prosecution is politically motivated. Judge Scott McAfee set a trial date of October 23 for one of Trump's 18 co-defendants, but the schedule does not yet apply to Trump or the other defendants. Trump faces 13 felony counts in the Georgia case, including racketeering, for pressuring state officials to reverse his election loss. Trump's legal team is expected to push for a later trial start date. In total, Trump faces 91 criminal counts across four cases. He has pleaded not guilty in the three other cases and denied wrongdoing. In the Georgia case, arraignments are requested to begin the week of September 5. Trump agreed to post a $200,000 bond and accepted bail conditions that would bar him from threatening witnesses or his co-defendants in the Georgia case. Republicans who control the U.S. House of Representatives announced they would investigate whether the prosecutor improperly coordinated with federal prosecutors.Trump's mug shot released after booking at Georgia jail on election charges | Reuters Get full access to Minimum Competence - Daily Legal News Podcast at www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

The Chinese had high hopes for the negotiations in Versailles after the end of the First World War. Wellington Koo argued the Chinese case ably. China wanted to retake control of its Shandong Province, but instead Japan continued to control it because of agreements signed during the war. Then it became clear that Duan Qirui and his Anhui Clique had benefited from Japanese funds in exchange for signing away Shandong to Japan.The May Fourth Movement saw an eruption of student anger, supported by intellectuals, businesses and workers. There was even a general strike in Shanghai. The seeds of Chinese Communism were being planted two years before the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.Behind the scenes, provincial warlords and officials supported the May Fourth Movement as a way of undermining Duan Qirui and his Anhui Clique. They could genuinely use patriotism to criticize Duan's betrayal of China to Japan.These tensions among warlords would soon reach a boil.Please fill out the listener survey here .Image: "File:Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo Chinees-Taiwanees politicus, diplomaat en rechter. Mede, Bestanddeelnr 900-8984.jpg" by Anefo is marked with CC0 1.0. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

American Isolationism and the Shifting World Order in the 1920s and 30s | In this 3rd episode of the season, host Andrew Keen talks to Robert Kagan, the distinguished Brookings Institute scholar of foreign policy, about America's dramatically changing place in the world during the Twenties and Thirties. According to Kagan, at the end of World War I Europe expected American democracy to lead a new world order. The Versailles Treaty, designed to engage America in post-war Europe, failed to gain domestic support. America, the world's leading economic powerhouse, retreated into its heartland of domestic concerns: consumer consumption, fears of anarchy, socialism, and communism as well as immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and Asia. The U.S. Senate, led by conservatives, reinforced America's isolationist foreign policy throughout the 1920s. The domestic power only shifted to the White House and State Department in the late 1930s when the dangers of European fascism threatened America's stability and power.   Robert Kagan is the Stephen & Barbara Friedman Senior Fellow with the Project on International Order and Strategy in the Foreign Policy Program at the Brookings Institution. He is a contributing columnist at The Washington Post and the author of several books, including "The Ghost at the Feast: America and the Collapse of World Order, 1900-1941" and "Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order". Kagan served in the State Department from 1984 to 1988 as a member of the policy planning staff, as principal speechwriter for Secretary of State George P. Shultz, and as deputy for policy in the Bureau of Inter-American Affairs.  

In November 1919, President Woodrow Wilson came out in opposition to a compromise that would have resulted in Senate ratification of the Versailles Treaty and thereby put the nail in the coffin of an international agreement that he had spent months negotiating and would have secured U.S. participation in one of his greatest legacies, the League of Nations.Wilson's self-defeating decision shocked many who had been involved in the treaty negotiation, including a young diplomat and journalist named William Bullitt. Deciphering what about Wilson's psychology led to such a monumental decision became an obsession for Bullitt, one he pursued with an unlikely partner, Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychoanalysis. Yet the original text they authored on the subject remained unpublished for decades, as Bullitt pursued a career in diplomacy and politics, until it was finally unearthed in 2014 by scholar Patrick Weil. Weil's new book, “The Madman in the White House,” tells the unlikely story of the Bullitt-Freud analysis of President Wilson and the lies it intersected with.Weil joined Lawfare Senior Editor Scott R. Anderson to discuss Bullitt's exceptional life and career, what he and Freud truly thought of one of our most complex and controversial former presidents, and what it tells us about how we should think about the role psychology plays in the modern presidency. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 3 of 3. Andrew Phillps, curator of the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library in Staunton, VA returns to the World War I Podcast to discuss Wilson and the aftermath of World War I as well as Wilson's legacy as a wartime president. This is the last interview in a series of discussions that examined Woodrow Wilson's presidency and World War I.Learn more about the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library: https://www.woodrowwilson.org/  Follow us: Twitter: @MacArthur1880 Amanda Williams on Twitter: @AEWilliamsClark Facebook/Instagram: @MacArthurMemorial www.macarthurmemorial.org

This is the second installment in Eric Ludy's winter Daily Thunder series, 1940, which follows the epic storyline of Hitler's rise to power in Europe in the the '30's and Great Britain's unexpected stand to thwart his progress. In this episode, Eric travels back to the Versailles Treaty in 1919 and shows how victory can be gained only to be lost through ease, comfort, and folly. The quality of watchfulness is an essential ingredient in the maintenance of strength and triumph over the passage of time.

Hitler has a gift for oratory and party membership is growing: every week he draws a larger crowd. The party formally changes its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party – soon everyone will be calling it Na-Zi for short. But in his speeches, Hitler still reserves his vilest attacks for the ‘November Traitors', namely any politician who signed the Versailles Treaty and plunged Germany into third-class status. But all this campaigning costs: will Helene Bechstein, whose husband inherited the piano company, be able to help? Starring Nancy Carroll as Helene Bechstein, Tom Mothersdale as Adolf Hitler and featuring Edward Bennett as Gottfried Feder, the Nazi Party's first economist, and Joseph Alessi as Ernst Röhm, Commander of the SA. Cast: Helene Bechstein - NANCY CARROLL Adolf Hitler - TOM MOTHERSDALE Ernst Röhm - JOSEPH ALESSI Karl Harrer - OSCAR BATTERHAM Gottfried Feder - EDWARD BENNETT Rudolf Hess - GEORGE KEMP Anton Drexler - JACK LASKEY Other parts were played by: WILLIAM CHUBB, NICHOLAS FARRELL, SCOTT KARIM, SORCHA KENNEDY, MICHAEL MALONEY, FORBES MASSON, LYNNE MILLER and ANDREW WOODALL The Narrator is JULIET STEVENSON Sound designer – ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager – MARK SMITH Casting Director – GINNY SCHILLER Original Score – METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director – JONATHAN MYERSON Producer – NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

In the 30s, scholars and policymakers concluded that the Versailles Treaty that ended World War I was one of the prevalent causes of World War II. Before World War II was over, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill were looking past the war to focus on establishing an international monetary system. Still, today there are a lot of misconceptions, even among people who follow monetary history, about how the exchange theory system worked. Jim Rickards is an American investment banker, lawyer, economist, op-ed contributor, and author. His books include, Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, The Death of Money: The Coming Collapse of the International Monetary System,and now available for pre-order,  Sold Out: How Broken Supply Chains, Surging Inflation, and Political Instability Will Sink the Global Economy. Jim joins me on this episode of The Wiggin Sessions to share his knowledge about pre and post war currency standards, the Bretton Woods system, and why the US dollar was pegged as the international currency. Plus, what happened to end the gold standard in 1971. Join me for Part 2 of my conversation with Jim for a look at the difference between a recession, a depression, and a financial crisis and why the US dollar rallies during inflationary periods (like the one we are in now.) Key Takeaways Jim shares the background and the forty-four nations that met at the Mount Washington Hotel to participate in the Bretton Woods Conference. Why the US dollar was pegged as the international currency A look at the 3 Bretton Woods institutions: the IMF, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization that still operate today How trade deficits led to a run on Fort Knox and the depletion of the US gold stores How the Smithsonian Agreement devalued the US Dollar Connect with Jim Rickards Paradigm Press Jim on Twitter Jim on Facebook Connect with Addison Wiggin Consilience Financial Be sure to follow The Wiggin Sessions on your socials. You can find me on— Facebook @thewigginsessions Instagram @thewigginsessions Twitter @WigginSessions Resources Sold Out: How Broken Supply Chains, Surging Inflation, and Political Instability Will Sink the Global Economy The Death of Money: The Coming Collapse of the International Monetary System Bretton Woods Conference Jim Rickards-Democracy, Cryptocurrencies, and Global Control-EP40 Jim Rickards – Insider Reveals Predictions and Opinions About The Great Reset, Global Elite, And The Potential Coming Chaos - EP17

After the First World War the German Army was in crisis. Limited in the size and its equipment by the Versailles Treaty which ended the war, it was a shadow of the mighty force it had been in 1914. Help came from a surprising source. Soviet Russia.Historian Ian Johnson explains to Dan how it was the Soviets who helped rebuild the German military machine before World War Two. In this episode from the archive, explore this relationship in which the Soviets helped turn the Wehrmacht into a military machine that in 1941-2 came very close to toppling the Soviet state.For more Warfare content, subscribe to our Warfare newsletter here.If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today!To download, go to Android or Apple store.Music provided by All3Media. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In our time together today, our “Take Ten” with Will Luden, we will compare Putin and Hitler, Biden and Chamberlain–and look for today's Churchill. I normally resist parallels to WWII Germany, but there are too many now to ignore. Russia is following Nazi Germany's path to expanding its territory, using the same lame excuses backed by significant military strength. In September of 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, France and Britain declared war on Germany. In May of 1940, Britain made Winston Churchil l its Prime Minister. Resisting the powerful appeasers in his own cabinet, Churchill rallied his nation to stand up to Hitler. Eventually, even strongly isolationist America was drawn into the war only by the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor in December, 1941. Had Britain either negotiated or surrendered, Germany would likely have won WWII.  And where do you think we’d be today? We need our own Winston Churchill, or we will lose, and lose big. Where is he? Or she? This 10 minute episode will help us in our lives, and help us to think through the issues surrounding us.  N.B. This is a complete blog, also acting as a signpost, pointing you to this episode on both the new Revolution 2.0™https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5CDliD-PRQE_8bO4Eg98Q ( YouTube) channel, and where you enjoy your podcasts, e.g.,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/revolution-2-0/id1353135552 ( Apple),https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXZvbHV0aW9uMi0wLm9yZy9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv ( Google) andhttps://open.spotify.com/show/6rr6fi3AMW0GoAfYQ64lf9 ( Spotify).   Continuing: Putin is following part of Hitler's playbook play by play. 1. Go back with me to the point in history when Adolph Hitler started adding tens of millions of people and entire countries to Nazi Germany without firing a shot. Under the guise of uniting all German speaking peoples, Hitler added the Rhineland, Austria, and the Sudentland, the German speaking part of Czechoslovakia. Putin is adding parts of Ukraine under the guise of uniting all Russia loving people. 2. Hitler exclaimed long and loudly about how Germany needed to build military strength and increase its size and international prestige to assuage the undeserved embarrassment and humiliation of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles (Treaty of Versailles). Putin is being equally loud and devious when he claims that Russia needs to avenge the underserved embarrassment of the breakup of the Soviet Union. 3. Just as Hitler invaded Poland after creating a false flag attack, Putin created an excuse to invade the rest of Ukraine, the vast bulk of that country's territory and population. 4. Prediction. When Germany invaded Poland, both Britain and France had had enough, and declared war. No country will find the courage to find a response that will drive Putin out of sovereign Ukraine. There is no Churchill to swim against the tide and stand against Putin. Sanctions will not deter Putin any more than the Treaty of Versailles post WWI, the ultimate in sanctions, kept Germany from rearming. Biden will be the modern version of Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister who hande4d over Czechoslovakia to ol' Adoplh, believing Hitler's lie that Chamberlain could trade Czechoslovakia for peace. No other country has the strength to stand up to Russia, even if they could summon the courage to try. If anything is to change, we the voters in the US must force that change. We must take on that responsibility. We, the US, have the required military strength and other resources to take on Putin and his territorial and power and influence ambitions. We lack the desperately needed leadership.  And without America leading, the world lacks leadership on any issue of this magnitude. We need leaders who can see clearly what is unfolding, have the political courage to speak out, even if that means going against popular opinion, and, finally, summon the courage to act when danger looms.  From

Register to participate in our January 17 online conference: https://bit.ly/3r6BO1G In reviewing the ongoing series of discussions this week between Russia, the U.S. and NATO -- which she said so far "looks terrible" -- Helga Zepp-LaRouche returned to what she described as the two alternative approaches to relations between nations. The Versailles Treaty at the end of World War I has in common with the posture of the U.S. and NATO today the view that the victors in war can dictate the terms of peace, as a unipolar force. This blatant assertion of world dominance ignores the legitimate wishes of other nations, and insists on their subordination to the unipolar power. This typifies the "arrogance of power" of today's globalist war hawks, who claim the U.S. "won the Cold War", and therefore has the right to be the dominant world power. In contrast, the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, was based on the idea that recognizing the "interests of others" is the key to a durable peace. The outright rejection thus far by U.S. negotiators of the legitimacy of President Putin's security concerns will not be accepted by Russia. While it is better to talk than not, she said, the overall posture of the U.S. in these talks has "lowered the nuclear threshold", making the use of nuclear weapons more likely should war break out. NATO, which should have been dissolved at the end of the Cold War, must be replaced, especially since its present policy course leads to a war in which its members in Europe will be destroyed. Belonging to a security alliance which would lead to war doesn't make sense. Demonizing Putin and attacking the Belt-and-Road Initiative when the western financial system is crashing also does not make sense. She concluded by calling on our viewers to participate in the emergency Schiller Institute's online seminar on January 17, on the theme, "Stop the Murder of Afghanistan." SIW 1/13/22

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the violent protests in China on 4th May 1919 over the nation's humiliation in the Versailles Treaty after World War One. China had supported the Allies, sending workers to dig trenches, and expected to regain the German colonies on its territory, but the Allies and China's leaders chose to give that land to Japan instead. To protestors, this was a travesty and reflected much that was wrong with China, with its corrupt leaders, division by warlords, weakness before Imperial Europe and outdated ideas and values. The movement around 4th May has since been seen as a watershed in China's development in the 20th century, not least as some of those connected with the movement went on to found the Communist Party of China a few years later. The image above is of students from Peking University marching with banners during the May Fourth demonstrations in 1919. With Rana Mitter Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China and Fellow of St Cross College, University of Oxford Elisabeth Forster Lecturer in Chinese History at the University of Southampton And Song-Chuan Chen Associate Professor in History at the University of Warwick Producer: Simon Tillotson

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the violent protests in China on 4th May 1919 over the nation's humiliation in the Versailles Treaty after World War One. China had supported the Allies, sending workers to dig trenches, and expected to regain the German colonies on its territory, but the Allies and China's leaders chose to give that land to Japan instead. To protestors, this was a travesty and reflected much that was wrong with China, with its corrupt leaders, division by warlords, weakness before Imperial Europe and outdated ideas and values. The movement around 4th May has since been seen as a watershed in China's development in the 20th century, not least as some of those connected with the movement went on to found the Communist Party of China a few years later. The image above is of students from Peking University marching with banners during the May Fourth demonstrations in 1919. With Rana Mitter Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China and Fellow of St Cross College, University of Oxford Elisabeth Forster Lecturer in Chinese History at the University of Southampton And Song-Chuan Chen Associate Professor in History at the University of Warwick Producer: Simon Tillotson

This is an introduction/head's up to my next video series, which will start next week and will start with some thoughts on John Maynard Keynes' The Economic Consequences of the Peace. The central questions: why is it so hard to forgive--what would be required? How can we keep from turning into the monsters we are fighting against (very important for getting of the culture war hamster wheel)? I approach the topic through some reflections on Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, especially its TV adaptation. When June becomes a ferocious monster, we both admire her but also recognize that her transformation is not progress but regress. Such was the case with the allies' imposition on Germany in the wake of WWI. … More The Handmaid’s Tale and WWI: Is the Carthaginian Solution Inevitable? (Keynes/Versailles Treaty)

Today we crunch some numbers on the Versailles Treaty and then get deep into heavy vs light industry - what they are, why they function differently, and then how that's reflected in their lobbying efforts. We talk about lobbying, the secret rearmament program, German heavy industry's secret political slush fund, and the Great Depression. There's some talk of coalitions in the Reichstag, and we go into the story of the Nazis party's accountant, the 1930 elections from a fundraising perspective, and the burgeoning Nazi coalition. To round it out, we talk about the Brocken, the original Witch Mountain, with its many spooky resonances, and the mass meeting of all elements of the political right that happened nearby, culminating in Dr. Schacht questioning the currency, throwing the entire political-fiscal system into chaos. Heavy on economics and magic, this episode. Check it out.

Today we talk about Sullivan & Cromwell, and the Dulles brothers from WWI into the 1930s. in the course of the episode we talk about Allen's spy games and sexscapades, Cuban interventions, the Versailles Treaty, Ho Chi Minh, JFD's dealings with the Ruhr valley industrialists, German war debt, Cromwell's a pedophile?, and the reaping phase of our discussion on the firm.

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/national-security

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/world-affairs

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In the decade after World War I, German-American relations improved swiftly. While resentment and bitterness ran high on both sides in 1919, Weimar Germany and the United States managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. But how did Weimar Germany overcome its post-war isolation so rapidly? How did it regain the trust of its former adversary? And how did it secure U.S. support for the revision of the Versailles Treaty? Elisabeth Piller, winner of the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte 2019, explores these questions not from an economic, but from a cultural perspective.  In Selling Weimar: German Public Diplomacy and the United States, 1918-1933 (Franz Steiner Verlag/German Historical Institute, 2020), she illustrates how German state and non-state actors drew heavily on cultural ties - with German Americans, U.S. universities and American tourists - to re-win American trust, and even affection, at a time when traditional foreign policy tools had failed to achieve similar successes. Contrary to common assumptions, Weimar Germany was never incapable of selling itself abroad. In fact, it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign to not only normalize relations with the powerful United States, but to build a politically advantageous transatlantic friendship. Dr. Elisabeth Piller is Assistant Professor of Transatlantic and North American History at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Her Ph.D. dissertation on which the book is based won three prestigious prizes: the Ifa-Forschungspreis Auswärtige Kulturpolitik (2018), the Franz Steiner Preis für Transatlantische Geschichte (2019), and the Friedrich-Ebert-Preis (2020). She works on U.S. and German foreign policy, the history of diplomacy and modern humanitarianism, and transatlantic relations in the 19th and 20th century. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/german-studies

Episode 16 in our Homeschooling series! This one's all about the history of Blame and wanting to say IT'S SO YOUR FAULT!! James and Sam explore the idea of blame in history and then focus on who was held responsible for the First World War, and the writing of the War Guilt clause in the Versailles Treaty. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode 16 in our Homeschooling series! This one's all about the history of Blame and wanting to say IT'S SO YOUR FAULT!! James and Sam explore the idea of blame in history and then focus on who was held responsible for the First World War, and the writing of the War Guilt clause in the Versailles Treaty. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

After the First World War the German Army was in crisis. Limited in the size and its equipment by the Versailles Treaty which ended the war, it was a shadow of the mighty force it had been in 1914. Help came from a surprising source. Soviet Russia.Historian Ian Johnson explains to Dan how it was the Soviets who helped rebuild the German military machine before World War Two. 30% of Weimar Germany's defence spending took place in the USSR. 25% of German officers passed through camps in Soviet soil. This is the shocking conclusion reached by Ian Johnson who has trawled through the archives to understand just how much the German war machine owed to Soviet support. The cash strapped communists were happy to take German money in return for training areas, tank development labs and other activities banned by the Versailles Treaty. The Soviets helped turn the Wehrmacht into a military machine that in 1941-2 came very close to toppling the Soviet state. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

After the First World War the German Army was in crisis. Limited in the size and its equipment by the Versailles Treaty which ended the war, it was a shadow of the mighty force it had been in 1914. Help came from a surprising source. Soviet Russia.Historian Ian Johnson explains to Dan how it was the Soviets who helped rebuild the German military machine before World War Two. 30% of Weimar Germany's defence spending took place in the USSR. 25% of German officers passed through camps in Soviet soil. This is the shocking conclusion reached by Ian Johnson who has trawled through the archives to understand just how much the German war machine owed to Soviet support. The cash strapped communists were happy to take German money in return for training areas, tank development labs and other activities banned by the Versailles Treaty. The Soviets helped turn the Wehrmacht into a military machine that in 1941-2 came very close to toppling the Soviet state. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House's International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs.

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Versailles Treaty of 1919, celebrates its one-hundred anniversary this year. And, yet unlike the more recent centenaries, such as that of the outbreak of the Great War or the Russian Revolution, the Versailles Treaty, notwithstanding its importance as perhaps the most important of the twentieth-century, has not seen the same level of interest? Is this relatively indifference due to the fact that it is still regarded by some (in the words of John Maynard Keynes) as a 'Carthaginian Peace', which lead inevitably to the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of the Second World War? To discuss this and other aspects of the Treaty, in the podcast channel, 'Arguing History', are Professor of History at the University of Exeter, Jeremy Black and Dr. Charles Coutinho, of the Royal Historical Society. Professor Jeremy Black MBE, Is Professor of History at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Queens College, Cambridge, he is the author of well over one-hundred books. In 2008 he was awarded the “Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Lifetime Achievement". Charles Coutinho Ph. D. of the Royal Historical Society, received his doctorate from New York University. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. He has written recently for Chatham House’s International Affairs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The government is pushing ahead with plans to extend trials of the cashless welfare card, but with it will we see the start of drug testing Newstart recipients? (1:36-14:50) The Federal Circuit Court has awarded Peter Ridd $1.2 million following the decision that he was unlawfully terminated by James Cook University. With JCU likely to appeal, is it finally time for Education Minister, Dan Tehan, to step in? (14:50-28:01) Robert Mugabe, leader of Zimbabwe post-independence, has passed away at the age of 95. What does the post-colonial mess that is Zimbabwe tell us about the vital role of institutions in fostering development and freedom? (28:06-40:30) Your hosts Scott Hargreaves and Dr Chris Berg are joined by the IPA's Evan Mulholland and Dr Zac Gorman to answer these questions and dive into their culture picks such as Samuel Gregg's book Faith and the Struggle for Western Civilisation, Scott Pape's economic bestseller The Barefoot Investor,  new movies, Apollo 11 and First Man, on the historic moon landing and the great Victor Davis Hanson's podcast on the lessons of the Versailles Treaty (40:30-59:40). Show Notes: Robert Mugabe: From Liberator to Tyrant https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27519044 U.N chief lauds Mugabe role in fighting apartheid https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-robert-mugabe-zimbabwe-leader-dies-95-65425412 Culture Picks: Faith and the Struggle for Western Civilisation, Samuel Gregg https://www.amazon.com/Reason-Faith-Struggle-Western-Civilization-ebook/dp/B07F6P81DX The Barefoot Investor, The Only Money Guide You'll Ever Need, Scott Pape https://www.amazon.com.au/Barefoot-Investor-2018-Update-Money/dp/0730324214 Apollo 11, Todd Douglas Miller https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8760684/ First Man, Damien Chazelle https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8760684/ The Lessons of the Versailles Treaty, Victor Davis Hanson https://amgreatness.com/2019/07/24/the-lessons-of-the-versailles-treaty/ The Classicist: Versailles at 100 https://www.hoover.org/research/classicist-versailles-100

The Treaty of Versailles was signed 100 years ago - it ended WWI and was supposed to end all wars. But as we all know it didn't end war and arguably laid the foundation for a century of ethnic conflict and political instability. How the Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty shaped the 20th century and the world we live in today.

In today's solo episode of the Cold Star Project, I'm sharing an example of how harsh demands force people to think outside the box. And that's often not good for you. The brutal demands on Germany of the 1919 Versailles Treaty ending WWI prompted Weimar politicians and military officials to come up with creative means to circumvent those restrictions. These means enabled Germany to pay off reparations much more quickly than anticipated and get out of economic domination, and also train and upgrade their armed forces in a way the treaty was specifically designed to prevent. Germany took their activities "off the radar" of the victorious Allies. If you can't see an event, you can't audit it. As we've covered in past discussions, poor documentation results in stories changing over time...and the lessons you thought you learned often being invalidated. Talk to Cold Star: http://bit.ly/talktocoldstar

The Paris Peace Conference of 1919, held just months after the end of WWI, gathered together the leaders of the world. Their task: to redraw the world map and create a peace that would last forever. While it clearly failed in its second task, 100 years on we still live in a world created at that conference. Rear Vision re-examines the Paris Conference and the Treaty of Versailles.

One hundred years ago, Prime Minister Robert Borden returned to Canada after spending four months participating in the peace negotiations that followed the First World War. Patrice Dutil discusses Borden and Canada's participation with Norman Hillmer, Professor of History at Carleton University. This podcast was produced by Hugh Bakhurst in the Allan Slaight Radio Institute at Ryerson University.

We come now to the end as we chronicle the last days before Germany signed their treaty. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The most discussed feature of the German treaty was the details of the expected reparations. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Many topics were discussed at the Paris Peace Conference, none were considered more important than what to do about Germany. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alone of the countries that had entered the war against Germany, Russia was not invited to Paris. In this episode we discuss why. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Between Bolshevik Russia and a defeated Germany the Poles were trying to create a new country, and they it would be a long road. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

There were many countries trying to carve out their own place in post-war Eastern Europe. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The war had started with an ultimatum to Serbia, Serbia would also be there when it was over. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nobody knew what to do with Austria and Hungary, because they were Austria-Hungary, but then they weren't Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Mandate of Palestine would be given to the British, and they had some big promises to keep. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While the delegates in Paris debated the future of the Ottoman Empire, in Anatolia they were taking matters into their own hands. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Middle East would be broken up between the British and French, but they had some problems determining exactly how, and then keeping control of their new territory. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In our first episode about how the Middle East was handled at the Conference we need to talk about what mandates are and how they were applied all over the world. The most important Arab representative to the conference, Feisal Hussein, would not receive the welcome that he hoped.  Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Both Japan and China would send representatives to the Paris Peace Conference. Their situations coming into the conference could not have been more different, but they both left disappointed. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

One of the major topics for discussion at the Paris Peace Conference was the League of Nations. Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The British would play a big role in the negotiations at Versailles, and they would be led by Lloyd George who would be one of the four individuals on the Supreme Council, which would make most of the larger decisions at the Conference. Another of those individuals was President Wilson, and he brought with him the concept of self-determination. This concept would drive many discussions, cause many argues, and create many problems.  Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the fighting had stopped, it was time to decide what the peace would look like. For this task representatives from all over the world gathered in Paris in early 1919. They all brought their own beliefs, hopes, and hatreds and in Paris they would hash out what would be known as the Treaty of Versailles. It would remake the map of Europe, create the modern map of the Middle East, and cause a whole host of problems for future generations to solve.  Do you want to chat with other History of the Great War listeners, and yours truly, come hang out in Discord: https://discord.gg/ASbBjaT Support the podcast on http://patreon.com/historyofthegreatwar where you can get access to special supporter only episodes. For a no strings attached donation: http://buymeacoffee.com/greatwar Sources: A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price we Pay Today by David A. Andelman Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. The Boundaries of Israel-Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View by Gideon Biger Britain and Airpower at Versailles, 1919-1920 by Peter V. James The British Military Administration in Palestine 1917-1920 by John J. McTague Jr. Broken Promises of the Mandate: A Study of the Palestine Mandate Society and its Impact on the Proliferation of Zionism within Palestine and Great Britain by Brendon L. Larimore Creating Nations, Establishing States: Ethno-Religious Heterogeneity and the British Creation of Iraq in 1919–23 by Guiditta Fontana On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles by Nikolaus Wolf, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Hans-Christian Heinemeyer France and the Arab Middle East, 1914-1920 by Jan Karl Tanenbaum Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World by Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke Political Economics and the Weimar Disaster by Roger B. Myerson Russia and the Versailles Conference by George Kennan (1960) Syria and Mesopotamia in British Middle Eastern Policy in 1919 by John Fisher The imposed gift of Versailles:the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany’s armed forces,1924–9 by Max Hantke and Mark Spoerer The Myths of Reparations by Sally Marks The Role of Illusion in the Making of the Versailles Treaty by Bonnie Baker Unconditional Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles by the German Government, June 22-28, 1919 by Alma Luckau Wilsonian Self-Determination and the Versailles Settlement by Anthony Whelan Woodrow Wilson's Health and the Treaty Fight, 1919-1920 by Lloyd E. Ambrosius The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919-1947) by Itzhak Galnoor The Deluge: The Great War, America, and the Remaking of the Global Order by Adam Tooze A World Remade by G.J. Meyer Ring of Steel by Alexander Watson The United States and Germany in the Aftermath of War: I-1918-1929 by Frank Spencer The Legend of Versailles by Kenneth R. Rossman Reconstructing the Countryside of the Eastern Somme after the Great War by Hugh Clout  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

100 Years ago, the First World War came to an end. At the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month of the year 1918, the guns fell silent. Up to 19 million people lost their lives, and 40 million were left wounded. The war was so horrific, it was believed no war would ever surpass it. This gave it the nickname The War to End All Wars. Sadly, the world was engulfed in a worse inferno only 20 years later. In our special episode of Pan Historia, we discuss our thoughts on Remembrance Day, some general knowledge of the Wars, the Armistice, the Versailles Treaty, and Belgium. We also give our two cents on how the traditional Poppy pins should be fixed.   This episode is dedicated to all those who lost their lives as a result of war, to the veterans who survived them, and to the soldiers who continue to serve in the military today.   Music: Last Post and Rouse, performed by the New Zealand Army Band

Professor Gary Sheffield offers insightful analysis of the end of WWI. One of Britain’s foremost experts on WWI returns to discuss America’s participation in the Great War, the conclusion of hostilities, the Armistice of 11 November 1918 and the Versailles Treaty. Mark draws from Professor Sheffield’s new release of "The First World War," published in association with the Imperial War Museum, as well as his earlier work, "Forgotten Victory."

PODCAST SATELLITETHE VOICE OF ISRAEL Tishri 15, 5779 Succot Day 1 Prince HandleyPresident / Regent University of Excellence ISRAEL'S FUTURE WEALTHMORE RESOURCES FOR ZION~ A MIRACLE PODCAST PRODUCTION ~ You can listen to this message NOW. Click on the pod circle at top left. (Allow images to display.)Or, Listen NOW >>> LISTEN HERE Email this message to a friend. Subscribe to this Ezine teaching by Email: princehandley@gmail.com24/7 release of Prince Handley teachings, BLOGS and podcasts > STREAMText: “follow princehandley” to 40404 (in USA) Or, Twitter: princehandley ___________________________________________ ISRAEL'S FUTURE WEALTHMORE RESOURCES FOR ZION Israel—whether realizing it or not—is going to win a major conquest over Muslim nations in the Middle East. And not just win … but plunder them, reaping great resources! No, I am NOT talking about the Ezekiel 38 ‒ 39 victory. I am talking about a conquest possibly before that: one that could happen at any time. Actually, there will be at least three (3) major Middle East conflicts that involve Israel in the future: Conquest over Muslim forces in Middle East; Ezekiel 38 ‒ 39 victory; and, Battle of Armageddon. NOTE: It is possible that the above two [#2 and #3] may be incorporated in one war; but two different conflicts (battles) when the Mashiach appears. That is, Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 could be the same event combination as Armageddon. They both include eartquakes and hail. However, I believe they will be separate conflicts for the reasons I present below. CONQUEST OVER MUSLIM ENTITIES Most people familiar with Bible prophecy realize there will be a conflict in the Middle East—fought in Israel—where G-d Himself will be “set apart” in the eyes of the goyim: the nations. When it is over, the whole world will realize that the conflict has been won by the LORD G-d. And, probably many of the people familiar with this prophecy in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 realize that it is NOT the same conflict as the Battle of Armageddon. This fact is very clear in that:   THE WEAPONS USED ARE DIFFERENT In Ezekiel 38, G-d sends earthquake(s), overflowing rain, hailstones and fire … plus disease and blood … upon Israel's enemies. Also, Israel's enemy goes into confusion and fights with each other. In Ezekiel 39, 83% [five-sixths] of Israel's enemies are either destroyed or overcome. And [one-sixth] 17% of the enemy forces are sent back to their home lands. In the Battle of Armageddon (Revelation Chapter 16) we read of a great earthquake affecting the whole earth and hailstones the size of 100 pounds. However, there is NO mention of disease (pestilence) and blood; nor of fire and burning sulphur like in Ezekiel 38. THE ENEMIES INVOLVED ARE DIFFERENT In Ezekiel 38 and 39, we see that the focus of the conflict is while Israel is at peace in their land … “Brought back out of the nations dwelling safely.” [Ezekiel 38:8] Also, the commanding enemy forces who attack Israel are from the North: parts of Russia, Turkey, Iran (all North of Jerusalem) with some allies in the North-East African region. In the Battle of Armageddon (Revelation 16) Israel is NOT at peace … and we read that the whole world is involved as Israel's enemies. It appears that this fits the time frame of “Jacob's Trouble” during the last 42 months of the Great Tribulation: the last half of Daniel the Prophet's heptad of seven years. [Daniel 9:27 and Matthew 24:15] “Then I saw three impure spirits that looked like frogs; they came out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the false prophet. They are demonic spirits that perform signs, and they go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them for the battle on the great day of God Almighty. Then they gathered the kings [of the whole world] together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.” [Brit Chadashah / Revelation 16:13-14,16] OTHER CONSIDERATIONS In addition, when the conflict of Ezekiel 38 and 39 happens, Israel is at peace in the land with great resources. Even a casual reading of Ezekiel Chapter 38 shows that Israel’s great wealth will be what draws the powers from the North to come down against her. This brings to light another question: Where—and when—did Israel come by this great wealth?! The Middle East conflict … the Israeli-Arab dispute … is at its essence thousands of years old. It is a spiritual conflict: the political aspects of which are merely the symptoms. The scriptures do show us that there will be a final Israeli-Arab war. ISAIAH CHAPTER 11 "Then it will happen on that day that the Lord will again acquire with His hand a second time the remnant of His people, who will remain, from Assyria, from Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, from Ethiopia, from Iran, from Babylonia, from Syria, and from the coastlands bordering the [Mediterranean] Sea. And He will lift up a signal for the nations. And He will assemble the scattered ones of Israel, and will gather the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth." [Isaiah 11:11-12] NOTICE: After the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and the Versailles Treaty of 1919 … but especially after 1948 when Israel was declared as a nation … many Jews emigrated to Israel -- to their homeland -- as a Nation of People: this was their FIRST regathering from their dispersion among the Gentile nations (the Goyim). However, in Isaiah Chapter 11 we see that G-d will regather His People a second time. Could this "second regathering" be when Messiah appears? Or, before? In Isaiah Chapter 11, verses 13 through 16, we see that: Israel will spoil the Islamic nations from the West to the East: from the Philistines in the West to Ammon and Moab in Jordan in the East. Again, direction is from Jerusalem. [Isaiah 11:14] The mouth of the Egyptian sea will be dried up. This has never happened. [Isaiah 11:15] See also Isaiah Chapter 19:5-8. There will be a highway of travel from Iraq through Syria and extending to Egypt. [Isaiah 11:16] See also Isaiah Chapter 19:23. In Isaiah Chapter 11, verses 12-16, we read a description of a war that will happen BEFORE Messiah comes to earth again (the second time). The first 11 verses tell us about Messiah's return and his rule of peace on earth. Verses 12-16 (the description of war) cannot happen during this time because Messiah's reign is characterized by peace. Another distinctive feature of the prophecy in verses 12-16 is that the war therein described has NOT happened historically. It has not happened yet! A war between Israel and much of the Middle East will happen, not just bordering Arab states like Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. They (that is, the children of Israel ... both Ephraim and Judah) will "fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines (Palestinians) to the west." In context Israel will strike against Egypt and Iraq (Assyria) and "plunder the sons of the East." Israel will control these nations, and evidently, their wealth as a result of the plundering. Etymologically, the "people of the East" MAY include other Arab nations. It is very evident here in this passage ... see verse 14 ... that Israel will control the East Bank of Jordan (Ammon, Moab, and Edom). This happened in Joshua's time and it has NOT happened SINCE the days of Isaiah. This is a future prophecy that WILL happen! It is quite probable that the devastation of terrorist groups like Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hamas, Fatah, Al-Qaeda and ISIS will be accomplished during this conflict. It may be one of the factors—if not the primary factor—that actually precipitates the conflict. Actually, many of the citizens in these Muslim nations may be glad Israel wins this conflict to deliver them from the hands of terrorist groups and leadership. So now we know what the “hook” is that God uses to draw the powers from the North: it is Israel's great wealth! The LORD says to the Northern powers: “I will turn you back, and put hooks into your jaws, and I will bring you forth …” ‒ Ezekiel 38:4 The Northern powers' leader will say: “I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates, To take a spoil, and to take a prey ... upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon the people that are gathered out of the nations.” – Ezekiel 38:11-12 The Northern powers described in Ezekiel 38-39 are parts of Russia, Turkey, Iran (the North of Jerusalem) with allies in the North-East African region. Where—and when—does Israel achieve the great wealth that God will use to draw the powers from the North against her? Remember, Isaiah Chapter Eleven verse 14 tells us, “Israel will strike against Egypt and Assyria (Iraq and Syria) and "plunder the sons of the East." Israel will control these nations, and evidently, their wealth as a result of the plundering. Notice, also, that these entities that are conquered by Israel are ALL presently Muslim nations. PSALM 83 In Psalm 83 we see what MAY BE a parallel description of Isaiah Chapter Eleven—possibly—in more detail as it pertains to the parties involved. Remember, the Book of Isaiah was written more recently, around 750 B.C.E … while Psalm 83 was written about 1,000 B.C.E. However, the Spirit of G-d can use writers, including prophets, at different times of writing to make declarations concerning the same events: even future. “Keep not silence, O G-d: hold not your peace, and be not still, O G-d. For, behold, your enemies make a tumult: and they that hate you have lifted up the head. They have taken crafty counsel against your people (Israel) and consulted against your hidden ones. They have said, ‘Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance.’ For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against you: The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the Hagarenes; Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre; Assur also is joined with them: they have helped the children of Lot. Selah.” [Psalm 83:1-8] For a description of the cognate terms listed in the above passage and their current identity, the following will help: The tabernacles, or tents, of Edom are Israel’s traditional enemies: the Palestinians and other political Arab allies: Gaza, the West Bank and Golan Heights. Also, part(s) of Jordan. Esau represents Mount Seir (in Jordan) from the Dead Sea south to the Red Sea (Eilat and Gulf of Aqaba). The Ishmaelites were not confined to the descendants of the son of Abraham and Hagar, but refer to the desert tribes east of the Jordan River, in general, like "the children of the east" (Judges 7:12) … but also in the Arabian Desert. The Gebalites were predominantly in or near the area of Lebanon. (Joshua 13:15) The Hagarenes: Hagar was Abraham’s Egyptian maid who gave birth to his first child, Ishmael (the son of the ‘flesh,’ not the ‘promise.’). Hagar gave her son, Ishmael, to an Egyptian wife so that the Ishmaelites,or Hagarenes, of Gilead and Moab were three-quarters (75%) Egyptian. Asshur represents the ancient confines of Assyria (present day Syria and Iraq). NOTICE #1: The people groups and nations listed in Psalm 83 who want Israel’s destruction are ALL Muslim entities. NOTICE #2: Some of the inhabitants of these geopolitical areas are Jewish and some are real Christians. G-d knows WHO are His People and HOW to deliver them. This is obvious when He knew HOW to separate Lot from the destruction of Sodom. (Torah: Genesis Chapter 19) In Isaiah 11:14 we read that Israel is going to experience a major conquest over Muslim nations in the Middle East and plunder them... and not just win, but plunder their resources. “But they shall fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines toward the west; Together they shall plunder the people of the East; They shall lay their hand on Edom and Moab; And the people of Ammon shall obey them.” [Isaiah 11:14] Will this happen before the battle described in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39? Is this where Israel gathers great wealth that is the “hook” which G-d uses to draw down the military forces from the North to attack Israel … which battle Israel wins hands down because the LORD G-d fights for her? Ezekiel Chapter 38 tells us that when the power forces from the North invade Israel … “Israel is at peace in their land ...” Brought back out of the nations dwelling safely." Notice again … Israel will be at peace in their land. Brought back out of the nations [after 1948] ...AND ... dwelling safely! With great wealth and resources. [Ezekiel 38:13] ADDENDUM: If there is NOT a conflict BEFORE the battle described in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 where Israel defeats and plunders Muslim entities in the Middle East—if Isaiah 11:14 happens at a different time—we still know that Israel will have great wealth that G-d uses as a “hook” to draw the forces from the North against her. This wealth could derive from oil, technological innovation, or mineral discoveries. Read (or listen to) my teaching on G-d, Geopolitics and Gold. I am connected with the most innovative leaders in Artificial Intelligence, technology and startup companies in Israel. They are the most brilliant, creative, and productive leaders in the world and are already helping Israel to become one of the leading economic power nations in the world. So now you know about Israel's future wealth … more resources for Zion! Baruch haba b'Shem Adonai. Your friend, Prince Handley President / Regent University of Excellence Podcast time: 16 minutes, 15 seconds NOTE: Scroll down for ALL previous podcasts last 10 years. _________________________________ Rabbinical & Biblical Studies[Scroll down past English, Spanish and French] The Believers’ Intelligentsia _________________________________  

PODCAST SATELLITETHE VOICE OF ISRAEL Tishri 15, 5779 Succot Day 1 Prince HandleyPresident / Regent University of Excellence ISRAEL'S FUTURE WEALTHMORE RESOURCES FOR ZION~ A MIRACLE PODCAST PRODUCTION ~ You can listen to this message NOW. Click on the pod circle at top left. (Allow images to display.)Or, Listen NOW >>> LISTEN HERE Email this message to a friend. Subscribe to this Ezine teaching by Email: princehandley@gmail.com24/7 release of Prince Handley teachings, BLOGS and podcasts > STREAMText: “follow princehandley” to 40404 (in USA) Or, Twitter: princehandley ___________________________________________ ISRAEL'S FUTURE WEALTHMORE RESOURCES FOR ZION Israel—whether realizing it or not—is going to win a major conquest over Muslim nations in the Middle East. And not just win … but plunder them, reaping great resources! No, I am NOT talking about the Ezekiel 38 ‒ 39 victory. I am talking about a conquest possibly before that: one that could happen at any time. Actually, there will be at least three (3) major Middle East conflicts that involve Israel in the future: Conquest over Muslim forces in Middle East; Ezekiel 38 ‒ 39 victory; and, Battle of Armageddon. NOTE: It is possible that the above two [#2 and #3] may be incorporated in one war; but two different conflicts (battles) when the Mashiach appears. That is, Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 could be the same event combination as Armageddon. They both include eartquakes and hail. However, I believe they will be separate conflicts for the reasons I present below. CONQUEST OVER MUSLIM ENTITIES Most people familiar with Bible prophecy realize there will be a conflict in the Middle East—fought in Israel—where G-d Himself will be “set apart” in the eyes of the goyim: the nations. When it is over, the whole world will realize that the conflict has been won by the LORD G-d. And, probably many of the people familiar with this prophecy in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 realize that it is NOT the same conflict as the Battle of Armageddon. This fact is very clear in that:   THE WEAPONS USED ARE DIFFERENT In Ezekiel 38, G-d sends earthquake(s), overflowing rain, hailstones and fire … plus disease and blood … upon Israel's enemies. Also, Israel's enemy goes into confusion and fights with each other. In Ezekiel 39, 83% [five-sixths] of Israel's enemies are either destroyed or overcome. And [one-sixth] 17% of the enemy forces are sent back to their home lands. In the Battle of Armageddon (Revelation Chapter 16) we read of a great earthquake affecting the whole earth and hailstones the size of 100 pounds. However, there is NO mention of disease (pestilence) and blood; nor of fire and burning sulphur like in Ezekiel 38. THE ENEMIES INVOLVED ARE DIFFERENT In Ezekiel 38 and 39, we see that the focus of the conflict is while Israel is at peace in their land … “Brought back out of the nations dwelling safely.” [Ezekiel 38:8] Also, the commanding enemy forces who attack Israel are from the North: parts of Russia, Turkey, Iran (all North of Jerusalem) with some allies in the North-East African region. In the Battle of Armageddon (Revelation 16) Israel is NOT at peace … and we read that the whole world is involved as Israel's enemies. It appears that this fits the time frame of “Jacob's Trouble” during the last 42 months of the Great Tribulation: the last half of Daniel the Prophet's heptad of seven years. [Daniel 9:27 and Matthew 24:15] “Then I saw three impure spirits that looked like frogs; they came out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the false prophet. They are demonic spirits that perform signs, and they go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them for the battle on the great day of God Almighty. Then they gathered the kings [of the whole world] together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.” [Brit Chadashah / Revelation 16:13-14,16] OTHER CONSIDERATIONS In addition, when the conflict of Ezekiel 38 and 39 happens, Israel is at peace in the land with great resources. Even a casual reading of Ezekiel Chapter 38 shows that Israel’s great wealth will be what draws the powers from the North to come down against her. This brings to light another question: Where—and when—did Israel come by this great wealth?! The Middle East conflict … the Israeli-Arab dispute … is at its essence thousands of years old. It is a spiritual conflict: the political aspects of which are merely the symptoms. The scriptures do show us that there will be a final Israeli-Arab war. ISAIAH CHAPTER 11 "Then it will happen on that day that the Lord will again acquire with His hand a second time the remnant of His people, who will remain, from Assyria, from Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, from Ethiopia, from Iran, from Babylonia, from Syria, and from the coastlands bordering the [Mediterranean] Sea. And He will lift up a signal for the nations. And He will assemble the scattered ones of Israel, and will gather the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth." [Isaiah 11:11-12] NOTICE: After the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and the Versailles Treaty of 1919 … but especially after 1948 when Israel was declared as a nation … many Jews emigrated to Israel -- to their homeland -- as a Nation of People: this was their FIRST regathering from their dispersion among the Gentile nations (the Goyim). However, in Isaiah Chapter 11 we see that G-d will regather His People a second time. Could this "second regathering" be when Messiah appears? Or, before? In Isaiah Chapter 11, verses 13 through 16, we see that: Israel will spoil the Islamic nations from the West to the East: from the Philistines in the West to Ammon and Moab in Jordan in the East. Again, direction is from Jerusalem. [Isaiah 11:14] The mouth of the Egyptian sea will be dried up. This has never happened. [Isaiah 11:15] See also Isaiah Chapter 19:5-8. There will be a highway of travel from Iraq through Syria and extending to Egypt. [Isaiah 11:16] See also Isaiah Chapter 19:23. In Isaiah Chapter 11, verses 12-16, we read a description of a war that will happen BEFORE Messiah comes to earth again (the second time). The first 11 verses tell us about Messiah's return and his rule of peace on earth. Verses 12-16 (the description of war) cannot happen during this time because Messiah's reign is characterized by peace. Another distinctive feature of the prophecy in verses 12-16 is that the war therein described has NOT happened historically. It has not happened yet! A war between Israel and much of the Middle East will happen, not just bordering Arab states like Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. They (that is, the children of Israel ... both Ephraim and Judah) will "fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines (Palestinians) to the west." In context Israel will strike against Egypt and Iraq (Assyria) and "plunder the sons of the East." Israel will control these nations, and evidently, their wealth as a result of the plundering. Etymologically, the "people of the East" MAY include other Arab nations. It is very evident here in this passage ... see verse 14 ... that Israel will control the East Bank of Jordan (Ammon, Moab, and Edom). This happened in Joshua's time and it has NOT happened SINCE the days of Isaiah. This is a future prophecy that WILL happen! It is quite probable that the devastation of terrorist groups like Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hamas, Fatah, Al-Qaeda and ISIS will be accomplished during this conflict. It may be one of the factors—if not the primary factor—that actually precipitates the conflict. Actually, many of the citizens in these Muslim nations may be glad Israel wins this conflict to deliver them from the hands of terrorist groups and leadership. So now we know what the “hook” is that God uses to draw the powers from the North: it is Israel's great wealth! The LORD says to the Northern powers: “I will turn you back, and put hooks into your jaws, and I will bring you forth …” ‒ Ezekiel 38:4 The Northern powers' leader will say: “I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates, To take a spoil, and to take a prey ... upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon the people that are gathered out of the nations.” – Ezekiel 38:11-12 The Northern powers described in Ezekiel 38-39 are parts of Russia, Turkey, Iran (the North of Jerusalem) with allies in the North-East African region. Where—and when—does Israel achieve the great wealth that God will use to draw the powers from the North against her? Remember, Isaiah Chapter Eleven verse 14 tells us, “Israel will strike against Egypt and Assyria (Iraq and Syria) and "plunder the sons of the East." Israel will control these nations, and evidently, their wealth as a result of the plundering. Notice, also, that these entities that are conquered by Israel are ALL presently Muslim nations. PSALM 83 In Psalm 83 we see what MAY BE a parallel description of Isaiah Chapter Eleven—possibly—in more detail as it pertains to the parties involved. Remember, the Book of Isaiah was written more recently, around 750 B.C.E … while Psalm 83 was written about 1,000 B.C.E. However, the Spirit of G-d can use writers, including prophets, at different times of writing to make declarations concerning the same events: even future. “Keep not silence, O G-d: hold not your peace, and be not still, O G-d. For, behold, your enemies make a tumult: and they that hate you have lifted up the head. They have taken crafty counsel against your people (Israel) and consulted against your hidden ones. They have said, ‘Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance.’ For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against you: The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the Hagarenes; Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre; Assur also is joined with them: they have helped the children of Lot. Selah.” [Psalm 83:1-8] For a description of the cognate terms listed in the above passage and their current identity, the following will help: The tabernacles, or tents, of Edom are Israel’s traditional enemies: the Palestinians and other political Arab allies: Gaza, the West Bank and Golan Heights. Also, part(s) of Jordan. Esau represents Mount Seir (in Jordan) from the Dead Sea south to the Red Sea (Eilat and Gulf of Aqaba). The Ishmaelites were not confined to the descendants of the son of Abraham and Hagar, but refer to the desert tribes east of the Jordan River, in general, like "the children of the east" (Judges 7:12) … but also in the Arabian Desert. The Gebalites were predominantly in or near the area of Lebanon. (Joshua 13:15) The Hagarenes: Hagar was Abraham’s Egyptian maid who gave birth to his first child, Ishmael (the son of the ‘flesh,’ not the ‘promise.’). Hagar gave her son, Ishmael, to an Egyptian wife so that the Ishmaelites,or Hagarenes, of Gilead and Moab were three-quarters (75%) Egyptian. Asshur represents the ancient confines of Assyria (present day Syria and Iraq). NOTICE #1: The people groups and nations listed in Psalm 83 who want Israel’s destruction are ALL Muslim entities. NOTICE #2: Some of the inhabitants of these geopolitical areas are Jewish and some are real Christians. G-d knows WHO are His People and HOW to deliver them. This is obvious when He knew HOW to separate Lot from the destruction of Sodom. (Torah: Genesis Chapter 19) In Isaiah 11:14 we read that Israel is going to experience a major conquest over Muslim nations in the Middle East and plunder them... and not just win, but plunder their resources. “But they shall fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines toward the west; Together they shall plunder the people of the East; They shall lay their hand on Edom and Moab; And the people of Ammon shall obey them.” [Isaiah 11:14] Will this happen before the battle described in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39? Is this where Israel gathers great wealth that is the “hook” which G-d uses to draw down the military forces from the North to attack Israel … which battle Israel wins hands down because the LORD G-d fights for her? Ezekiel Chapter 38 tells us that when the power forces from the North invade Israel … “Israel is at peace in their land ...” Brought back out of the nations dwelling safely." Notice again … Israel will be at peace in their land. Brought back out of the nations [after 1948] ...AND ... dwelling safely! With great wealth and resources. [Ezekiel 38:13] ADDENDUM: If there is NOT a conflict BEFORE the battle described in Ezekiel Chapters 38 and 39 where Israel defeats and plunders Muslim entities in the Middle East—if Isaiah 11:14 happens at a different time—we still know that Israel will have great wealth that G-d uses as a “hook” to draw the forces from the North against her. This wealth could derive from oil, technological innovation, or mineral discoveries. Read (or listen to) my teaching on G-d, Geopolitics and Gold. I am connected with the most innovative leaders in Artificial Intelligence, technology and startup companies in Israel. They are the most brilliant, creative, and productive leaders in the world and are already helping Israel to become one of the leading economic power nations in the world. So now you know about Israel's future wealth … more resources for Zion! Baruch haba b'Shem Adonai. Your friend, Prince Handley President / Regent University of Excellence Podcast time: 16 minutes, 15 seconds NOTE: Scroll down for ALL previous podcasts last 10 years. _________________________________ Rabbinical & Biblical Studies[Scroll down past English, Spanish and French] The Believers’ Intelligentsia _________________________________  

The American Economy and the End of Laissez-Faire: 1870 to World War II 11. Woodrow Wilson and World War I Lecture by Murray N. Rothbard Where did Benjamin Strong - head of the Fed - come from? Rothbard continues to reveal the individuals who shaped our world and wars. Morgan's empire brought us the irrational and useless WWI. Foreign policy today rests upon this Morgan outlook. The Versailles Treaty was a harsh thoughtless division of lands and economies. Many powerful politicians get their start under Wilson. Roosevelt and Hoover were both progressive Wilsonians. 1913 gave us the Fed and the income tax. Lecture 11 of 13 presented in Fall of 1986 at the New York Polytechnic University. This lecture on YouTube: https://youtu.be/JmZ5Lcad3Mk Sourced from: https://mises.org/library/american-economy-and-end-laissez-faire-1870-world-war-ii We are not endorsed or affiliated with the above. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode Presented by: Read Rothbard is comprised of a small group of voluntaryists who are fans of Murray N. Rothbard. We curate content on the www.ReadRothbard.com site including books, lectures, articles, speeches, and we make a weekly podcast based on his free-market approach to economics. Our focus is on education and how advancement in technology improves the living standards of the average person. The Read Rothbard Podcast is all about Maximum Freedom. We look at movies and current events from a Rothbardian Anarchist perspective. If it's voluntary, we're cool with it. If it's not, then it violated the Non-Aggression Principle and Property Rights - the core tenants of Libertarian Theory - and hence - human freedom. Website: http://www.ReadRothbard.com iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-read-rothbard-podcast/id1166745868 Google Play Music: https://play.google.com/music/m/Ii45fhytlsiwkw6cbgzbxi6ahmi?t=The_Read_Rothbard_Podcast Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/readrothbardclub Twitter: https://twitter.com/read_rothbard Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/gp/145447582@N05/xB4583 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ReadRothbard Murray Rothbard, Murray N Rothbard, Read Rothbard, Anarchy, Anarchism, Free-Market, Anarcho-Capitalism, News and Events, Podcast, Laissez-Faire, Voluntaryist, Voluntaryism, Non-Aggression Principle, NAP, Libertarian, Libertarianism, Economics, Austrian Economics,