Podcasts about Sudetenland

Als die Deutschen den Zweiten Weltkrieg verlieren, kommen Millionen deutscher Flüchtlinge aus den Ostgebieten ins Land, aus Schlesien, Pommern oder dem Sudetenland. Von ihren deutschen Landsleuten werden sie meist nicht gerade herzlich empfangen, Lebensmittel und Wohnraum sind knapp. Doch die Flüchtlinge sind fleißig und wollen sich integrieren, wie diese Reportage von 1946 über Flüchtlingsfrauen in Wesermünde zeigt, die in einer Heringsfabrik arbeiten. Inspiriert von den Fischen wählt der Reporter einen sehr eigenwilligen Einstieg in den Beitrag. Im Bild: Fischbörse Wesermünde um 1930

Seit Adolf Hitler an der Macht ist, macht er Stimmung gegen die Tschechoslowakei und wirft ihr "Terror" gegenüber der deutschen Minderheit im Sudetenland vor. 1938 verschärft sich sein Ton, er droht mit militärischer Gewalt. Heute weiß man: Den Plan, das Sudetenland einzunehmen, hatte er schon lange. Frankreich und Großbritannien verfolgen die Entwicklung. Ihnen ist bewusst, dass Hitler auf einen Krieg in Europa zusteuert. Der britische Premier Neville Chamberlain hofft jedoch, Hitler mit einer Beschwichtigungspolitik – einem "Appeasement" – bremsen zu können. Würde man Hitler in der sogenannten "Sudetenkrise" Zugeständnisse machen, so der Gedanke, wäre ein Krieg in Europa noch zu verhindern. Zugeständnisse hieß im Klartext: Man überlässt Hitler Teile Tschechiens, eben das Sudetenland, und lässt ihn dort gewähren. Genau darüber wird am 29. September 1938 auf der Münchener Konferenz gesprochen. Hitler verhandelt dort mit Chamberlain, dem französischen Premier Edouard Daladier und dem italienischen Ministerpräsidenten, dem Faschisten Benito Mussolini. Der trifft gerade mit dem Zug ein und wird von Hitler abgeholt. Der Reporter schildert das Ereignis und verbreitet ansonsten die gewünschte Propaganda.

Josef Koudelka was born in Czechoslovakia the year Germany annexed the Sudetenland. His childhood was overshadowed by Nazi occupation. He lived under the postwar communist regime, and watched Soviet tanks rolled into Prague in 1968.His work is permeated by feelings of tragedy but the man himself is surprisingly optimistic, seizing on the present moment while appreciating the beauty of life.Biographer Melissa Harris joined me to talk about Koudelka's wandering life, his remarkable network of friends, and his interest in capturing the end of things. Get full access to Personal Landscapes at www.personallandscapespodcast.com/subscribe

The ICE boyos have brought a chill to Chicago, Aurora, and even the desert Southwest as Jesus Hitler starts making good on his promise of mass deportations. Round up the usual suspects. A little song and war dance for the TV cameras. “Dr. Phil” even got in on the act in Chicago. Shock and awe, baby. It works, for a while. But some folks just don't take kindly to being shoved around. Soon even the fanboys will find the price of admission to the Dingaling Bros-Barnum & Beelzebozo Circus ("There's One Born Every Minute!) just keeps going up, as honest immigrant workers vanish alongside the bad guys, citizens decline to take their jobs in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, food processing and service industries, and goods and services get more expensive and/or harder to find. But never fear. We'll be annexing Canada! And Greenland! And the Sudetenland (whoops, wrong fascists, never mind). The Circus will roll on a Road of Bones until the world is under One Big Red White and Blue Tent (handmade by skilled artisans in border internment camps)! While you await your own personal invitation to assist the authorities with this project (and their inquiries) you might as well listen to the latest All-American Episode of — yes, yes, yes — Radio Free Dogpatch. Could be the last one. You never know who's lending us an ear, or why. • Technical notes: RFD favors the Ethos mic from Earthworks Audio; Audio-Technica ATH-M50X headphones; Zoom H5 Handy Recorder; Apple's GarageBand, and Auphonic for a wash and brushup. The trailer theme from "Fort Apache" comes from YouTube, as do Rick's conversations with Major Strasser and Sam in "Casablanca." Bob and Doug McKenzie say "Good day" from SCTV's YouTube page. The drum-heavy martial music (by Gregor Quendel) and “Out of Step” are both courtesy of Zapsplat. The Mescalero Apache tribe's take on a member's run-in with an ICE agent can be found here. The Guardian reports on a Navajo experience. The Associated Press covered immigration raids in Chicago. At The Atlantic Mark Leibovich had some fun visiting Greenland, soon to be our 52nd state. And at the New Republic Matt Ford shredded the pestilential ordure dropped on birthright citizenship.

fWotD Episode 2824: The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 27 January 2025 is The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia.The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia resulted in the deportation, dispossession, and murder of most of the pre-World War II population of Jews in the Czech lands that were annexed by Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1945. Before the Holocaust, the Jews of Bohemia were among the most assimilated and integrated Jewish communities in Europe; antisemitic prejudice was less pronounced than elsewhere on the continent. The first anti-Jewish laws in Czechoslovakia were imposed following the 1938 Munich Agreement and the German occupation of the Sudetenland. In March 1939, Germany invaded and partially annexed the rest of the Czech lands as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. More anti-Jewish measures followed, imposed mainly by the Protectorate administration (which included both German and Czech officials). Jews were stripped of their employment and property, required to perform forced labor, and subject to discriminatory regulations including, in September 1941, the requirement to wear a yellow star. Many were evicted from their homes and concentrated into substandard housing.Some 30,000 Jews, from the pre-invasion population of 118,310, managed to emigrate. Most of the remaining Jews were deported to other Nazi-controlled territories, starting in October 1939 as part of the Nisko plan. In October 1941, mass deportations of Protectorate Jews began, initially to Łódź Ghetto. Beginning in November 1941, the transports departed for Theresienstadt Ghetto in the Protectorate, which was, for most, a temporary stopping-point before deportation to other ghettos, extermination camps, and other killing sites farther east. By mid-1943, most of the Jews remaining in the Protectorate were in mixed marriages and therefore exempt from deportation.About 80,000 Jews from Bohemia and Moravia were murdered in the Holocaust. After the war, surviving Jews—especially those who had identified as Germans before the war—faced obstacles in regaining their property and pressure to assimilate into the Czech majority. Most Jews emigrated; a few were deported as part of the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. The memory of the Holocaust was suppressed in Communist Czechoslovakia, but resurfaced in public discourse after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:30 UTC on Monday, 27 January 2025.For the full current version of the article, see The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Ayanda.

EPISODE 489 - Author Darlene Campos Shares the Amazing Story of Holocaust Survivor Pete PhilippsHello! Hola! I'm Darlene P. Campos, an Ecuadorian-American author who is also a proud Houstonian.I earned my BA in English-Creative Writing with a Medicine and Society Studies minor from the University of Houston (Go Coogs!) and my MFA in Creative Writing from the University of Texas at El Paso (Go Miners!).I am the author of the young adult novels Behind Mount Rushmore, Summer Camp is Cancelled, and Heaven Isn't Me, traditionally published by Vital Narrative Press.Pete Philipps' InterviewPete grew up in Essen, a major industrial city on Germany's Ruhr River. His father worked as a cattle hide dealer for an international trading company in nearby Mühlheim. His mother was a designer for a fashionable women's dress shop. Pete, his younger twin brothers, and parents lived together in an apartment.1933–39: Pete had barely passed his first birthday when the Nazis came to power. His father realized the danger that now faced Jews in Germany, and the family left for Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1936. Pete attended Jewish school there, but the times were unsettling. In fall 1938, the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia, was incorporated into the Nazi Reich, and the following March, German troops marched into Prague. Shortly thereafter, Pete's family left for Italy, where they settled in the Genoa suburbs. There, they were attacked by local antisemitic fascists. Soon after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, the Philippses immigrated to Ecuador.1940–45: In Quito, the Philippses joined the growing colony of refugees from Germany. Pete attended a private boys' school. His father set up business making margarine, while his mother did clothing alterations and knitting. In May 1941, just six months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Philippses arrived in the United States. Pete's father returned to his former company.After the war, Pete learned that his paternal grandmother, who had fled earlier to the Netherlands, had been deported to Auschwitz, where she perished. He completed his education and, after a tour of military duty in Germany, became a journalist for the New York Times.https://www.ushmm.org/remember/holocaust-survivors/volunteers/pete-philippshttps://www.ushmm.org/https://www.darlenepcampos.com/___https://livingthenextchapter.com/podcast produced by: https://truemediasolutions.ca/Support the show___https://livingthenextchapter.com/podcast produced by: https://truemediasolutions.ca/Coffee Refills are always appreciated, refill Dave's cup here, and thanks!https://buymeacoffee.com/truemediaca

Dr. Hans-Joachim Maaz ist Psychiater und Publizist. Geprägt durch die Vertreibung seiner Eltern aus dem Sudetenland und sein Leben in der DDR hat Maaz sich ein Leben lang mit der bundesdeutschen Gesellschaft aus psychoanalytischer Sicht auseinandergesetzt. Der Bestseller "Der Gefühlsstau: Ein Psychogramm der DDR" erschien 1990 kurz nach der Wende, darauf folgten zahlreiche Publikationen darunter "Das falsche Leben" oder das aktuellste Buch "Friedensfähigkeit und Kriegslust". Wir sprechen über das politische Problemkind der Bundesrepublik: der Osten und bereiten uns damit auf die Wahlen in Thüringen und Sachsen vor. Kapitel 00:00 Intro + Vorstellung 01:46 Ist der Osten ein politisches Problemkind? 08:38 Die späte Rache des Ostens 11:26 Wie ordnet sich Psychoanalytiker Maaz politisch ein? 13:45 Leben wir in einer Form des Faschismus? 19:35 Was will man mit der Brandmauer kompensieren? 24:18 Was bedeutet der nationale Notstand aus psychoanalytischer Sicht? 27:20 Die Jugend wählt anders 30:10 Die politische Figur Björn Höcke

Send us a Text Message.1938 was the year when the tide of Hitler's ambition should have broken against widespread international and internal opposition.Instead, it was the year when his tsunami was unleashed.By deft manoeuvres, he isolated Austria, and in March incorporated it into the German Reich.He then turned his attention to Czechoslovakia. The Nazis fomented unrest in the Sudetenland, and Hitler demanded its return to the German Reich. He ordered his generals to prepare for invasion.But the leaders of the German Army were not prepared to accept this, and began preparing a coup. They repeatedly told the British government of their plans, and urged Chamberlain to stand firm against Hitler's demands. Instead, in a series of trips to Germany, Chamberlain capitulated to Hitler's demands, ceding the Sudetenland, with Czechoslovakia's best defences and industrial wealth, to the German Reich. Chamberlain boasted that he had brought ‘peace for our time'.In March 1939, Hitler swallowed up the rest of Czechoslovakia, and Chamberlain was exposed as having drastically misread the German Führer. When the British and French guaranteed Poland's borders, Hitler did not believe them. Once again the German resistance sought assurances from the British that they would stand firm – but they could no longer promise a coup.On 1 September 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, and the Second World War began.It took two days for Britain and France to act in accordance with their guarantee and declare war – but then they did nothing to support Poland.What now for France? For Britain? And what hope remained for Germans who opposed the Nazi regime?Written and narrated by Brian WaltersOriginal music, editing and sound design by the amazing Sam LoyEpisode TranscriptA full transcript of the episode is available hereRead the book TREASONYou can read more about Claus von Stauffenberg and the German resistance to Hitler, in the book Treason by Brian Walters.For those with iPads, Treason is available as an interactive Apple Book here.The hard copy can be bought here.If you live out of Australia, the hard copy is best purchased from Blurb.There is also a Kindle version.ResourcesFor a list of the creative commons music and sound effects used in this episode, head here.Finally …If you liked the episode, please share it: the episode link is here.And you can help us by writing a brief review and giving us a (five star!) rating.By all means contact me, Brian Walters, by email on walters@vicbar.com.au  TREASON: Claus von Stauffenberg and the plot to kill Hitler

Knihu z žánru alternativní historie Sudetenland, kterou napsal Leoš Kyša, představuje knihkupkyně Veronika Kučerová. „Nacházíme se v Československu na počátku 90. let, ale v Československu, kde po konci druhé světové války nedošlo ke kompletnímu odsunu sudetských Němců. Do pohraničí přijíždí mladý novinář a dojde tu k vraždě bývalého příslušníka gestapa,“ nastiňuje. Dále pořad přináší rozhovor o fenoménu Harry Potter s Petrem Eliášem z nakladatelství Albatros.Všechny díly podcastu O knihách s knihovnicí můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Mit 84 Jahren hat sie begonnen mit Taekwondo, heute ist Ottilie Kopetz Deutschlands älteste Schwarzgurtträgerin. Nachdem Sie 1946 mit ihrer Familie aus dem Sudetenland geflohen war, wäre sie gern weiter zur Schule gegangen, dazu kam es nicht.

Eigentlich wollte Nicholas Winton Weihnachten 1938 zum Skifahren in die Alpen - doch dann erreicht den Londoner Aktienhändler ein Hilferuf aus Prag: Zehntausende geflüchtete Familien sitzen dort fest. Ein Geschichts-Podcast über Züge voller jüdischer Kinder, die quer durch Nazi-Deutschland rollen, und den Organisator dieser Kindertransporte.

Fußball in Tschechien steht heute eher für Mittelmaß. Hin und wieder kommt mal ein namhafter Fußballer aus der Kante, aber das Scheinwerferlicht leuchtet anderswo. Für Groundhopper ist das Land des Pivo, der Klobasa und charaktervollen, aber teils abgerockten Stadien ein Traum. Bezahlbar, Kartenfrage in der Regel kaum der Rede wert und oft ist ein Dreier locker möglich. Dabei werden selbst Stadionsammler kaum die vielschichtige und komplizierte Geschichte des tschechischen Fußballs kennen. Angefangen in der Habsburger Monarchie, entwickelt sich die 1.Republik zu einem kleinen Vielvölkerstaat. Der vor allem in den Zwanziger Jahren zu den führenden Fußballnationen gehört. Der Fußball fand in der Region von Anfang an in national definierten Vereinen statt. Vielschichtig und kompliziert waren auch die Verhältnisse zwischen deutschen und tschechischen Vereinen, vor allem in Prag. Oft wird die Geschichte mit dem Donaufußball verbunden, dabei erlebte der tschechische Fußball damals, wie auch nach 1945 noch Sternstunden. Wo der österreichische und ungarische Fußball in die Bedeutungslosigkeit fiel, erlebte die Tschecheslowakei das WM-Finale 1962, den Europacup Triumph von Slovan Bratislava 1969, den EM Sieg 1976, das EM Finale 1996. In den kommenden gut 2 1/2 Stunden werden wir von den Anfängen des böhmisch/mährischen Fußballs in der Habsburger Monarchie bis zum Vielvölkerstaat der 1.Republik schauen. Uns damit beschäftigen welche Rolle deutsche Vereine in der Region spielten. Wir erinnern an vergessene Fußballheros und den Fußball im Ghetto Theresienstadt. Zum Abschluss gibt es noch einen kleinen Einblick in besondere Fußballlektüre. All meine Fragen zu der Konfliktgemeinschaft Böhmen/Mähren, dem Sudetenland oder den NTSG´s beantwortet und ordnet Stefan Zwicker ein. Stefan Zwicker ist Historiker, Übersetzer und Publizist. Er beschäftigt sich mit Mittlerer und Neuerer Geschichte mit dem Schwerpunkt Osteuropäische Geschichte, Deutsche Philologie und Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft. Als Fußballfan gehört er zu den ganz wenigen die die Geschichte des Fußballs in Böhmen/Mähren und der Tschecheslowakei in seiner Tiefe kennen.

Herzlich Willkommen auf der Fußballfrequenz. Fußball in Tschechien steht heute eher für Mittelmaß. Hin und wieder kommt mal ein namhafter Fußballer aus der Kante, aber das Scheinwerferlicht leuchtet anderswo. Für Groundhopper ist das Land des Pivo, der Klobasa und charaktervollen, aber teils abgerockten Stadien ein Traum. Bezahlbar, Kartenfrage in der Regel kaum der Rede wert und oft ist ein Dreier locker möglich. Dabei werden selbst Stadionsammler kaum die vielschichtige und komplizierte Geschichte des tschechischen Fußballs kennen. Angefangen in der Habsburger Monarchie, entwickelt sich die 1.Republik zu einem kleinen Vielvölkerstaat. Der vor allem in den Zwanziger Jahren zu den führenden Fußballnationen gehört. Der Fußball fand in der Region von Anfang an in national definierten Vereinen statt. Vielschichtig und kompliziert waren auch die Verhältnisse zwischen deutschen und tschechischen Vereinen, vor allem in Prag. Oft wird die Geschichte mit dem Donaufußball verbunden, dabei erlebte der tschechische Fußball damals, wie auch nach 1945 noch Sternstunden. Wo der österreichische und ungarische Fußball in die Bedeutungslosigkeit fiel, erlebte die Tschecheslowakei das WM-Finale 1962, den Europacup Triumph von Slovan Bratislava 1969, den EM Sieg 1976, das EM Finale 1996. In den kommenden gut 2 1/2 Stunden werden wir von den Anfängen des böhmisch/mährischen Fußballs in der Habsburger Monarchie bis zum Vielvölkerstaat der 1.Republik schauen. Uns damit beschäftigen welche Rolle deutsche Vereine in der Region spielten. Wir erinnern an vergessene Fußballheros und den Fußball im Ghetto Theresienstadt. Zum Abschluss gibt es noch einen kleinen Einblick in besondere Fußballlektüre. All meine Fragen zu der Konfliktgemeinschaft Böhmen/Mähren, dem Sudetenland oder den NTSG´s beantwortet und ordnet Stefan Zwicker ein. Stefan Zwicker ist Historiker, Übersetzer und Publizist. Er beschäftigt sich mit Mittlerer und Neuerer Geschichte mit dem Schwerpunkt Osteuropäische Geschichte, Deutsche Philologie und Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft. Als Fußballfan gehört er zu den ganz wenigen die die Geschichte des Fußballs in Böhmen/Mähren und der Tschecheslowakei in seiner Tiefe kennen.

Jürgen Westphal hat schon für Bundespräsidenten gesponnen, für Minister und Ministerpräsidenten, er spinnt im Verein und allein und wer das Spinnen lernen will, ist bei ihm richtig. Bis Oktober sitzt er donnerstags im Museum in Stove und zeigt anderen, wie aus Wolle ein Faden wird. Eine Frau aus Crivitz hat in dieser Sendung sogar ein Erbstück dabei - ein Spinnrad aus dem Sudetenland, auf der Flucht auf den Leiterwagen gepackt und nach Mecklenburg gerettet. 30 Stunden, so sagt Jürgen Westphal, braucht ein ungeübter Mensch, dann gehts schon ganz gut, das Spinnen. Reporterin Heike Mayer nimmt uns mit in eine Welt, in der das Spinnrad schnurrt.

IV of IV. The Crux: Risk-Aversion & Today's Chinese Crisis America's commitment to the ongoing independence of the Republic of Taiwan could, when faced with a Chinese Communist invasion of that island nation, spark nothing less than a worldwide nuclear Armageddon. Logic would seem to indicate that survival required prudence. A prudent person would avoid tripping such a wire at all costs. In this case however, a logically prudent person would be wrong! Here is why.Would you like to share your thoughts with Ralph?  Please email your comments to hello@idahospeaks.com or post your comments on @IdahoSpeaks on Twitter.Sponsors:This production of Keep Right was brought to you by Ed Bejarana from Zenith Exhibits.  Zenith Exhibits providing professional audio production, voice overs, and audiobook narration.  Call (208) 209-7170 or visit www.zenithexhibits.com to learn more.Do you have something so say?  Interested in learning more about publishing on the Idaho Speaks Network?  Our nation was built on ideas and your idea could be the next political advancement for Idaho.  Call Ed at (208) 209-7170 or email hello@idahospeaks.com to start the conversation.

Hitler expands the Third Reich, annexing Austria and the Sudetenland. Britain and France seek a diplomatic solution at the Munich Conference. But how long will appeasement keep war at bay? Meanwhile, the Nazis stir up an orgy of anti-Jewish violence: Kristallnacht… As featured on Real Dictators. A Noiser production, written by Jeff Dawson. For ad-free listening, exclusive content and early access to new episodes, join Noiser+. Now available for Apple and Android users. Click the Noiser+ banner on Apple or go to noiser.com/subscriptions to get started with a 7-day free trial. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

III of IV. Chi-Nats vs. Chi-ComsAmerica's commitment to the ongoing independence of the Republic of Taiwan could, when faced with a Chinese Communist invasion of that island nation, spark nothing less than a worldwide nuclear Armageddon. Logic would seem to indicate that survival required prudence. A prudent person would avoid tripping such a wire at all costs. In this case however, a logically prudent person would be wrong! Here is why.Would you like to share your thoughts with Ralph?  Please email your comments to hello@idahospeaks.com or post your comments on @IdahoSpeaks on Twitter.Sponsors:This production of Keep Right was brought to you by Ed Bejarana from Zenith Exhibits.  Zenith Exhibits providing professional audio production, voice overs, and audiobook narration.  Call (208) 209-7170 or visit www.zenithexhibits.com to learn more.Do you have something so say?  Interested in learning more about publishing on the Idaho Speaks Network?  Our nation was built on ideas and your idea could be the next political advancement for Idaho.  Call Ed at (208) 209-7170 or email hello@idahospeaks.com to start the conversation.

America's commitment to the ongoing independence of the Republic of Taiwan could, when faced with a Chinese Communist invasion of that island nation, spark nothing less than a worldwide nuclear Armageddon. Logic would seem to indicate that survival required prudence. A prudent person would avoid tripping such a wire at all costs. In this case however, a logically prudent person would be wrong! Here is why.Would you like to share your thoughts with Ralph?  Please email your comments to hello@idahospeaks.com or post your comments on @IdahoSpeaks on Twitter.Sponsors:This production of Keep Right was brought to you by Ed Bejarana from Zenith Exhibits.  Zenith Exhibits providing professional audio production, voice overs, and audiobook narration.  Call (208) 209-7170 or visit www.zenithexhibits.com to learn more.Do you have something so say?  Interested in learning more about publishing on the Idaho Speaks Network?  Our nation was built on ideas and your idea could be the next political advancement for Idaho.  Call Ed at (208) 209-7170 or email hello@idahospeaks.com to start the conversation.

I of IV. Risk-Aversion in Theory & Practice from World War I through the Cold WarAmerica's commitment to the ongoing independence of the Republic of Taiwan could, when faced with a Chinese Communist invasion of that island nation, spark nothing less than a worldwide nuclear Armageddon.  Logic would seem to indicate that survival required prudence.  A prudent person would avoid tripping such a wire at all costs.  In this case however, a logically prudent person would be wrong!  Here is why.Would you like to share your thoughts with Ralph?  Please email your comments to hello@idahospeaks.com or post your comments on @IdahoSpeaks on Twitter.Sponsors:This production of Keep Right was brought to you by Ed Bejarana from Zenith Exhibits.  Zenith Exhibits providing professional audio production, voice overs, and audiobook narration.  Call (208) 209-7170 or visit www.zenithexhibits.com to learn more.Do you have something so say?  Interested in learning more about publishing on the Idaho Speaks Network?  Our nation was built on ideas and your idea could be the next political advancement for Idaho.  Call Ed at (208) 209-7170 or email hello@idahospeaks.com to start the conversation.

By Stu Cvrk, EpochTimes

By Stu Cvrk, EpochTimes

In March 1938, Germany declared its annexation of Austria. Soon after, Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a heavy German population, also be added to the Reich. On 15 September, Hitler met with the leaders of Great Britain and France, signing the Munich Agreement, in which the western Allies formally recognized Hitler's territorial expansion. Hitler declared the Sudetenland to be "the last territorial demand I have to make in Europe." But was it? Join Sean and James and you will find out!

Karlsbad… Karlovy Vary inmiddels. Toen Floris en Jordy het document lazen waarin Johanna Heinrich, de vrouw van Walter Heinrich, verklaarde dat hij in februari 1945 in Karlsbad gestationeerd zat, wisten ze niet zo goed hoe dit te plaatsen. Karlsbad, Sudetenland. Waarom was hij daar? Vrouw Johanna heeft dat onder ede verklaard om haar pensioen te behouden. Dus het lijkt plausibel.En nu zegt de zoon van Heinrich ook: ‘Karlsbad ist auch ein familiengeschichte'. Zou dat dan toch het eindstation zijn? De Verdwenen SS'er wordt geproduceerd door iO voor Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort. Wil je meer weten over Kamp Amersfoort of Walter Heinrich? Bezoek dan het nieuwe ondergrondse museum over het voormalige concentratiekamp. De mixage en eindedit is gedaan door Frederik Middelhoff van Podcastguru. De muziek is gecomponeerd door Bouke Hennipman.

In which a British magazine very gradually takes over film culture with its once-every-decade top ten list, and John is careful not to endorse an invasion of the Sudetenland. Certificate #51403.

The United States is one step or miscalculation from a hot war in Europe. There a lot of reasons US Policy makers have used to provide military support to Ukraine, but by far, the most prominent is the Munich Peace Settlement of 1938. Largely viewed now as a disaster, in the Munich Peace Conference, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain made a peace deal with the devil himself, Adolf Hitler. In exchange for an agreement not to invade other countries, France and Britain coerced Czechoslovakia to concede its Sudetenland territory to Germany. We all know what happened after that. It's now criticized as naive, idealistic, and bolstering aggression. It is now used as the primary precedent to arm Ukraine. If they are not armed, and our defeated, Russia will invade Europe and be on our doorsteps next. Is the situation now similarly similar to 1938? Is it even relevant? Or it a giant red herring? In this episode, I explore that issue.

Hitler expands the Third Reich, annexing Austria and the Sudetenland. Britain and France seek a diplomatic solution at the Munich Conference. But how long will appeasement keep war at bay? Meanwhile, the Nazis stir up an orgy of anti-Jewish violence, Kristallnacht... A Noiser production, written by Jeff Dawson. This is Part 16 of the Hitler Story. Scroll down the Real Dictators feed for episodes on Hitler's early years and rise to power. For ad-free listening, exclusive content and early access to new episodes, join Noiser+. Now available for Apple and Android users. Click the Noiser+ banner on Apple or go to noiser.com/subscriptions to get started with a 7-day free trial. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

News; Sudetenland chateau slowly being resurrected by conservation enthusiasts; Video highlighting fake Czech “trdelník” tradition; Jiří Přibáň: Potential Babiš attempt to create presidential regime “biggest risk of election”

Since British prime minister Neville Chamberlain attempted to avoid war with Hitler in 1938 by agreeing to carve up Czechoslovakia, the word appeasement has been synonymous with moral weakness and wishful thinking. While the failure to appease the Nazi dictator offers important lessons, politicians -- and even some historians -- often invoke the infamous Munich Conference as a political cudgel with which to bash their foes. It happened during Vietnam, the wars in Iraq, and it's happening again as the West supports Ukraine. In this episode, military historian Cathal Nolan differentiates propaganda from history.

Chopin Through the Window: An Autobiography by Franziska Stein and Amy Crews CuttsFranziska was a young girl of just fifteen when Adolf Hitler annexed her homeland, the Sudetenland, to Germany. While she was making plans to study philosophy and art history at the prestigious Karls University in Prague, the tides of war were ominously rolling toward her. Conscripted into the Red Cross as a nurse to tend wounded soldiers, her idyllic life ended, replaced by a fight for survival and a search for love. At the end of the war, she was evicted from her home by a series of inhumane laws meant to punish all Germans for the transgressions of the Nazi regime. From witnessing the losses imposed on civilians during war, she dedicated her life to seeking justice on behalf of others. The next seventy years of her life would play out across three continents and be touched by the Cold War and a civil war. Her past would often collide with her present in the most unlikely places and in unexpected ways.When I met Franziska Stein in 2016, I knew that I had come into the company of an extraordinary woman. In her remarkable autobiography, Chopin Through the Window, she confirms my impression as she chronicles the incredible life she has led over the past nine decades. Her story is detailed and sweeping in scope, replete with events and episodes played out against the historical backdrops of the times and places where they unfolded. Throughout, she demonstrates time and again courage, resolve, family commitment, drive, and an unending quest for justice. Her book holds lessons for all of us, but especially for those who cannot at times see the way forward. Ms. Stein shows us in so many ways how we can cut through immense difficulties and move on, and in doing that she has done us all a favor. Get the book and you'll see what I mean." -U.S. Ambassador Johnny Young (Ret.) Sierra Leone, Togo, Bahrain and Slovenia.About Amy Crews CuttsI am an economist by training and by trade, having earned my PhD in economics a long time ago at the University of Virginia. I spent over a decade at Freddie Mac, ending my tenure as senior director and deputy chief economist, positions I held for my last 8 years there. I then was SVP-chief economist at Equifax for 8 years before setting off on my own as a consulting economist in 2019. I have written over 20 articles in peer-reviewed economics journals and edited volumes, but Chopin Through the Window is my first non-economics work. I am a noted expert on housing and mortgage markets, consumer credit, and macroeconomic forecasting. I am frequently cited in print media such as the WSJ and the NYT as well as trade media. For all these accomplishments, bringing my grandmother's story to readers is I think my biggest, and most important, one.https://chopinthroughthewindow.com/index.htmlhttps://www.amazon.com/Chopin-Through-Window-Autobiography-Cutts-ebook/dp/B09MXGRSWN/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=https://wordhousebp.com/http://www.bluefunkbroadcasting.com/root/twia/102722whp1.mp3 

In Episode 144 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg notes Putin's annexation of Ukraine's Donbas region not only came on exactly the same day as the 1938 Munich Agreement, which approved Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland—it was also the same day that Putin launched two of his previous criminal military adventures. On Sept. 30, 1999, Russian tanks rolled into Chechnya, marking the start of the Second Chechen War, with massive aerial bombardment of the region's capital city of Grozny. On Sept. 30, 2015, Russia began air-strikes in Syria, marking the start of a massive military intervention on behalf of the Bashar Assad dictatorship, in which the city of Aleppo would be virtually destroyed by bombardment. And in Putin's new war of aggression in Ukraine, the Azov seaport of Mariupol has been similarly nearly obliterated. A review of this history reveals Vladimir Putin as a serial city-destroyer, who must be deposed and put on trial for his crimes against humanity. Listen on SoundCloud or via Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per weekly podcast via Patreon -- or $2 for our new special offer! We now have 44 subscribers. If you appreciate our work, please become Number 45!

Jason gives you an overview of German Annexation of the SudetenlandRead the essay here: https://historywiththeszilagyis.org/hwts139 Find us on Twitter:The Network: @BQNpodcasts. The Show: @SzilagyiHistory.Chrissie: @TheGoddessLivia. Jason: @JasonDarkElf.Join us in the BQN Collective on Facebook. Send topic suggestions via Twitter. History with the Szilagyis is supported by our patrons: Susan Capuzzi-De ClerckEd ChinevereLaura DullKris HillPlease visit patreon.com/historywiththeszilagyis

https://youtu.be/YynHmjv1hmQ After America emerged as the undisputed leader of the West in 1945, however, the shocks, reversals, and humiliations at the hands of Stalin were greater than those that had caused Britain to declare war in 1939. America, however, chose a different course. Embracing the wisdom of George Kennan, America pursued a policy of containment and conscious avoidance of a Third World War.   When Stalin trashed the Yalta agreement, terrorizing the peoples of Poland and Eastern Europe for whom Britain had gone to war, America was stunned and sickened but issued no ultimata. When Moscow blockaded Berlin in violation of Allied rights, Truman responded with an airlift, not armored divisions or atom bombs.   When Stalin's agents carried out the Prague coup in 1948, Truman did not see in Czechoslovakia an issue that justified war, as Churchill had when the Czechs were forced to give up the Sudetenland. America's answer was NATO, drawing a red line across Europe that the West could defend, as Britain should have done in that March of 1939, instead of handing out the insane war guarantee to Poland. And where the British had failed to line up a Russian alliance before giving its war guarantee, America enlisted ten European allies before committing herself to defend West Germany.   Unlike Churchill in the 1930s, American leaders of the late 1940s and 1950s believed that, while the fate of Poland and Czechoslovakia was tragic, both were beyond any U.S. vital interest. From 1949 to 1989, the American army never crossed the Yalta line. When East Germans rose in 1953 and Hungarians in 1956, Eisenhower declined to act. In 1959, Ike welcomed the “Butcher of Budapest” to Camp David. When Khrushchev built the Berlin Wall, Kennedy called up the reserves, then sent them home after a year. In the missile crisis of 1962, Kennedy cut a secret deal to take U.S. missiles out of Turkey for Khrushchev's taking Russian missiles out of Cuba. When the Prague Spring was crushed in 1968, LBJ did nothing. U.S. inaction was not due to cowardice but cold calculation as to what was worth risking war with a nuclear-armed Soviet Union and what was not worth risking war. When the Polish workers' movement, Solidarity, was crushed in 1981, Ronald Reagan denounced the repression but he neither broke diplomatic relations with Warsaw nor imposed economic sanctions.   Eisenhower and Reagan were not Chamberlains, but neither were they Churchills. Who ruled in the capitals east of the Elbe was not to them a vital U.S. interest worth a war.   – Patrick J. Buchanan, Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War p. 417-8 Article discussed: Our Greatest Strength is Liberty, Not Force by Jeffrey Wernick Kyle Anzalone on the Libertarian Institute Conflicts of Interest on Odysee Kyle Anzalone on Twitter Spotify

In Episode 143 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg notes the all too telling irony that Putin's annexation of Ukraine's Donbas region came on exactly the same day as the 1938 Munich Agreement, which approved Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region. Russian annexation of the Donbas was preceded by that of Crimea, just as the Nazi annexation of Sudetenland was preceded by that of Austria. This is the same pattern of escalation toward world war—only this time Putin's overt nuclear threats make the stakes even higher. Signs of hope include the anti-draft uprising in Russia and mass exodus of Russian youth, which undermine Putin's war effort and threaten his very regime. War Resisters International has issued a petition demanding that European states offer asylum to all Russian deserters and conscientious objectors to military service. Alas, much of the Western "left" continues to cover up for Putin's criminal aggression. Dissident websites such as CounterVortex and Balkan Witness debunk the Russian war propaganda being recycled by Putin's internet partisans on the pro-fascist pseudo-left. Listen on SoundCloud or via Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per weekly podcast via Patreon -- or $2 for our new special offer! We now have 44 subscribers. If you appreciate our work, please become Number 45!

Seen by many as the ultimate act of failed appeasement, the Munich Agreement was tabled on 29 September and signed in the early hours of the next ...

(Bonus) Arthur Neville Chamberlain 18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, particularly for his signing of the Munich Agreement on 30 September 1938, ceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler. Following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, which marked the beginning of the Second World War, Chamberlain announced the declaration of war on Germany two days later and led the United Kingdom through the first eight months of the war until his resignation as prime minister on 10 May 1940.

(Bonus) The lesson of Munich, in international relations, refers to the appeasement of Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference in September 1938. To avoid war, France and the United Kingdom permitted Nazi Germany to incorporate the Sudetenland. Earlier acts of appeasement included the Allied inaction towards the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the Anschluss of Austria, while subsequent ones included inaction to the First Vienna Award, the annexation of the remainder of Czech Lands to form the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania forcing it to cede the Klaipėda Region. The policy of appeasement underestimated Hitler's ambitions by believing that enough concessions would secure a lasting peace. Today, the agreement is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany, and a diplomatic triumph for Hitler. It facilitated the German takeover of Czechoslovakia and caused Hitler to believe that the Western Allies would not risk war over Poland the following year, an assessment openly expressed in his famous quote: “I saw my enemies in Munich, and they are worms”, which proved partially correct in light of the popularity of the slogan “Why Die for Danzig?” in France and, crucially, the events known as the Phoney War.

(Bonus) The Munich Agreement was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. It provided "cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory" of Czechoslovakia, despite the existence of a 1924 alliance agreement and 1925 military pact between France and the Czechoslovak Republic, for which it is also known as the Munich Betrayal. Most of Europe celebrated the Munich agreement, which was presented as a way to prevent a major war on the continent. The four powers agreed to the German annexation of the Czechoslovak borderland areas named the Sudetenland, where more than three million people, mainly ethnic Germans, lived. Adolf Hitler announced that it was his last territorial claim in Northern Europe.

Mit 84 Jahren hat sie begonnen mit Taekwondo, heute ist Ottilie Kopetz Deutschlands älteste Schwarzgurtträgerin. Nachdem sie 1946 mit ihrer Familie aus dem Sudetenland geflohen war, wäre sie gern weiter zur Schule gegangen, dazu kam es nicht. Moderation: Norbert Joa

Man nannte sie "Rucksackdeutsche": Menschen, die ihr Hab und Gut auf dem Rücken trugen und aus Schlesien, Pommern, Ostpreußen oder dem Sudetenland nach Deutschland geflohen sind. Im unsichtbaren Gepäck hatten sie nicht nur ihre andersdeutsche Kultur, sondern auch ihren Glauben, mit dem sie in den Kirchengemeinden der neuen Heimat auf Ablehnung stießen: Katholische Flüchtlinge mit Heiligenbildern und Rosenkranz kamen in evangelische Städte oder Dörfer etwa auf die Schwäbische Alb, umgekehrt fanden protestantische Vertriebene in katholischen Gemeinden Zuflucht. Zeitzeugen erinnern sich.

News; Economist on possible cut in Czechia's credit rating; Czech firm to provide Ukraine with 3D printed anti-tank barriers; Czech video game set in post-war Sudetenland

The first in a new LSU Press series exploring facets of Louisiana's iconic culture, Mardi Gras Beads (2022) delves into the history of this celebrated New Orleans artifact, explaining how Mardi Gras beads came to be in the first place and how they grew to have such an outsize presence in New Orleans celebrations. It explores their origins before World War One through their ascent to the premier parade catchable by the Depression era. Doug MacCash explores the manufacture of Mardi Gras beads in places as far-flung as the Sudetenland, India, and Japan, and traces the shift away from glass beads to the modern, disposable plastic versions. Mardi Gras Beads concludes in the era of coronavirus, when parades (and therefore bead throwing) were temporarily suspended because of health concerns, and considers the future of biodegradable Mardi Gras beads in a city ever more threatened by the specter of climate change. Doug MacCash covers New Orleans art and culture for NOLA.com, The Times- Picayune, and The New Orleans Advocate.  Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a PhD in Musicology from Florida State University. Her current research focuses on parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival celebrations. Check out some of MacCash's other pertinent writings from NOLA.com here:  "Pretend Karens, marching traffic cones and French Quarter Fools: An amazing Monday before Mardi Gras" "Biodegradable Mardi Gras beads might be rarest throw of 2022 - or ever" "Mardi Gras flashback: Texas artist, 65, says she was first to bare breasts for beads at Carnival" Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a Ph.D. in musicology from Florida State University. Her current research is about parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The first in a new LSU Press series exploring facets of Louisiana's iconic culture, Mardi Gras Beads (2022) delves into the history of this celebrated New Orleans artifact, explaining how Mardi Gras beads came to be in the first place and how they grew to have such an outsize presence in New Orleans celebrations. It explores their origins before World War One through their ascent to the premier parade catchable by the Depression era. Doug MacCash explores the manufacture of Mardi Gras beads in places as far-flung as the Sudetenland, India, and Japan, and traces the shift away from glass beads to the modern, disposable plastic versions. Mardi Gras Beads concludes in the era of coronavirus, when parades (and therefore bead throwing) were temporarily suspended because of health concerns, and considers the future of biodegradable Mardi Gras beads in a city ever more threatened by the specter of climate change. Doug MacCash covers New Orleans art and culture for NOLA.com, The Times- Picayune, and The New Orleans Advocate.  Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a PhD in Musicology from Florida State University. Her current research focuses on parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival celebrations. Check out some of MacCash's other pertinent writings from NOLA.com here:  "Pretend Karens, marching traffic cones and French Quarter Fools: An amazing Monday before Mardi Gras" "Biodegradable Mardi Gras beads might be rarest throw of 2022 - or ever" "Mardi Gras flashback: Texas artist, 65, says she was first to bare breasts for beads at Carnival" Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a Ph.D. in musicology from Florida State University. Her current research is about parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

The first in a new LSU Press series exploring facets of Louisiana's iconic culture, Mardi Gras Beads (2022) delves into the history of this celebrated New Orleans artifact, explaining how Mardi Gras beads came to be in the first place and how they grew to have such an outsize presence in New Orleans celebrations. It explores their origins before World War One through their ascent to the premier parade catchable by the Depression era. Doug MacCash explores the manufacture of Mardi Gras beads in places as far-flung as the Sudetenland, India, and Japan, and traces the shift away from glass beads to the modern, disposable plastic versions. Mardi Gras Beads concludes in the era of coronavirus, when parades (and therefore bead throwing) were temporarily suspended because of health concerns, and considers the future of biodegradable Mardi Gras beads in a city ever more threatened by the specter of climate change. Doug MacCash covers New Orleans art and culture for NOLA.com, The Times- Picayune, and The New Orleans Advocate.  Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a PhD in Musicology from Florida State University. Her current research focuses on parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival celebrations. Check out some of MacCash's other pertinent writings from NOLA.com here:  "Pretend Karens, marching traffic cones and French Quarter Fools: An amazing Monday before Mardi Gras" "Biodegradable Mardi Gras beads might be rarest throw of 2022 - or ever" "Mardi Gras flashback: Texas artist, 65, says she was first to bare breasts for beads at Carnival" Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a Ph.D. in musicology from Florida State University. Her current research is about parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-south

The first in a new LSU Press series exploring facets of Louisiana's iconic culture, Mardi Gras Beads (2022) delves into the history of this celebrated New Orleans artifact, explaining how Mardi Gras beads came to be in the first place and how they grew to have such an outsize presence in New Orleans celebrations. It explores their origins before World War One through their ascent to the premier parade catchable by the Depression era. Doug MacCash explores the manufacture of Mardi Gras beads in places as far-flung as the Sudetenland, India, and Japan, and traces the shift away from glass beads to the modern, disposable plastic versions. Mardi Gras Beads concludes in the era of coronavirus, when parades (and therefore bead throwing) were temporarily suspended because of health concerns, and considers the future of biodegradable Mardi Gras beads in a city ever more threatened by the specter of climate change. Doug MacCash covers New Orleans art and culture for NOLA.com, The Times- Picayune, and The New Orleans Advocate.  Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a PhD in Musicology from Florida State University. Her current research focuses on parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival celebrations. Check out some of MacCash's other pertinent writings from NOLA.com here:  "Pretend Karens, marching traffic cones and French Quarter Fools: An amazing Monday before Mardi Gras" "Biodegradable Mardi Gras beads might be rarest throw of 2022 - or ever" "Mardi Gras flashback: Texas artist, 65, says she was first to bare breasts for beads at Carnival" Emily Ruth Allen (@emmyru91) holds a Ph.D. in musicology from Florida State University. Her current research is about parade musics in Mobile, Alabama's Carnival. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/popular-culture

Jason gives you a quick overview of The Munich Agreement.Read the essay here: https://historywiththeszilagyis.org/hwts080 Find us on Twitter:The Network: @UFPEarth. The Show: @SzilagyiHistory.Chrissie: @TheGoddessLivia. Jason: @JasonDarkElf.Join us in the Federation Council Chambers on Facebook. Send topic suggestions via Twitter or to hwts@ufp.earth. History with the Szilagyis is supported by our patrons: Susan Capuzzi-De ClerckEd ChinevereLaura DullKris HillPlease visit patreon.com/historywiththeszilagyis United Federation of Podcasts is brought to you by our listeners. Special thanks to these patrons on Patreon whose generous contributions help to produce this podcast and the many others on our network! David WillettJustin OserTim CooperCasey PettittChrissie De Clerck-SzilagyiMahendran RadhakrishnanJim McMahonVictor GamboaVera BibleTom Van ScotterGreg MolumbyKevin ScharfAlexander GatesVanessa VaughanWilliam J. JacksonPeter HongLori KickingerJim StoffelTom ElliotThad HaitAnn MarieJoe MignoneJosh BrewingtonYou can join this illustrious list by becoming a patron here: https://www.patreon.com/ufpearth

Taiwan: the 21st Century Sudetenland China wants Taiwan. Taiwan is the last remnant of the legitimate Republic of China. Oh, and China is cutting the organs out of live prisoners in their concentration camps.  That should strike a note of concern as well... And, in preparation for the next wave of riots following the Rittenhouse trial, we have a new shirt in the store.  "We're All Roof Koreans Now". Into the Fray Podcast Find us on Twitter @Realintothefray Support the Show at https://www.intothefraypodcast.com and www.IntotheFrayShop.com

This is the fourth episode in a series regarding German dictator Adolf Hitler.  This episode looks at the steps Hitler took to cause World War II.  Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil war, the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland are all discussed.  Additionally, insight will be given to the thoughts of the British, French, and Soviet leaders.  The material in this podcast serves as an introduction to the International Baccalaureates' Paper two topic 10  - Authoritarian States (20th century).

The world has been obsessed with the tragedy of the Romanov family for more than a century. It's easy to forget that the Tsar's family were among hundreds of thousands of people killed in the Revolution as well as in conflicts that swept across Eastern Europe. These conflicts would have lasting implications for the entire world. Notes and Links I have really struggled to find a map that shows what I want a map to show. None of them really focus on exactly what I'm focusing on, alas. But, this is one of the best I've found. This map is dated to the end of 1918. Notice the purple stripe that goes all the way across central Siberia--that's the Trans-Siberian Railway and the territory controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion. Eventually, the White Army would travel along the railway with the Czechoslovaks and fight the Red Army. The dark blue areas labeled "1" are areas where Allies invaded and seized territory. The reddish-brown area in the west is the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks. OK, here's another map--and you're going to say, "That's not even in English!" No, it's not, but work with me here. Just refer to the previous image. This map is a year or so later than the previous one. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the black and white line crossing the entire map. Those red arrows along the line show the path of the Bolsheviks moving against the Legion and the White Army as they retreat back to Vladivostok. Notice the dark red striped area in the upper west. That's the Bolshevik-controlled territory, and you can see from the red arrows how the Red Army moved out of this stronghold and across the entire country. Ukraine is the lime green area on the far left of the map. It was handed over to Germany in the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, but Russia reclaimed it. The borders on this map reflect the final size of the new USSR by 1922. It's not hard to see the Romanov daughters as individuals. You can find biographies of each young woman online and learn all sorts of details of their lives. Here you see Tatiana seated, with Maria, Anastasia, and Olga from left to right. Similarly, Alexei is recognizable across history as a little boy whose life was shadowed by an incurable and painful illness but who liked to play tricks on his sisters and always wanted a bicycle. In contrast, the many victims of the Red Terror, and the simultaneous White Terror, are difficult to discern as individuals. I found photos from the Terror, but I'm not going to post them here. They are horrifying. Allied troops, including British, French, Japanese, and American soldiers, were sent to Vladivostok in the far east and Archangel north of St. Petersburg. French and British troops also fought in southern Russia. This photo depicts American units marching through Vladivostok. The Allies never sent enough men to make a real difference in the conflict, and they were withdrawn after having done little more than offend the Russians. The Allies took their own sweet time returning the Czechoslovak Legion to their newly formed homeland; the last troops weren't evacuated from Vladivostok until early 1921. The Legion was incredibly frustrated by the delay. This is a cartoon from a newspaper operated by Legion troops . It shows one last soldier standing along the Sea of Japan waiting for a ship home; it's dated, facetiously, 1980. This map shows the new nations created after the war in eastern Europe. Finland, Estonia and Latvia achieve independence from Russia. Poland was combined from portions of Russia, Germany, and the Austria-Hungarian empire. Notice the pale green strip extending to the Baltic Sea; that's the Polish corridor, that left East Prussia separate from the rest of Germany. Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary arose out of the former Austria-Hungarian Empire. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was soon renamed Yugoslavia; it combined territory from Austria-Hungary with the former Serbia. Romania seized territory from its neighbors, gaining a sizeable increase in land. Dividing up territory in Eastern Europe was difficult and contentious. Self-determination had made it seem easy, but who "owned" a city like Cieszyn in Upper Silesia? The region had been controlled by multiple states over its history and was claimed by the Poles, the Czechs, and the Germans. Cieszyn (its Polish spelling), also known as Těšín in Czech and Teschen in German, was divided down the middle by the Paris Peace Conference, a solution that satisfied no one. Here you can see a guard station hastily erected on the international border in the middle of town. Another contested territory in eastern Europe was the Sudetenland; those are the dark brown portions on the map. While traditionally part of Czech territory, they were largely inhabited by ethnic Germans. The Paris Peace Conference sided with the Czechs and gave the land to the new Czechoslovakia, to the fury of the Germans. The Nazis would never let the perceived injustice of the Sudetenland die. Many of the sources for this week are the same as last week, and I won't repeat them here. The following are a few sources that are particularly relevant to this episode.

In September 1938 Britain's Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain flew back and forth to Germany to negotiate with Adolf Hitler. He hoped to guarantee "peace for our time". He agreed that Germany could take over the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia, as part of a policy known as appeasement.Photo: The Prime Minister meets the press on his return from his first trip to Germany on September 16th 1938. Copyright: BBC.