Podcast appearances and mentions of Cassius Dio

rWotD Episode 2932: Pharnavaz II Welcome to Random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 14 May 2025, is Pharnavaz II.Pharnavaz II (Georgian: ფარნავაზ II) (died 30 BC), of the Artaxiad dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from 63 to 30 BC. He is known as Pharnabazus in Classical sources, and is commonly identified with the Bartom or Bratman of the medieval Georgian chronicles.He succeeded upon the death of his father Artag who had been defeated by the Roman general Pompey in 65 BC. However, Roman hegemony over Iberia proved to be impermanent, and, in 36 BC, the legate Publius Canidius Crassus led his army into Iberia, forcing Parnavaz to make an alliance against Zober, king of neighboring Albania. Canidius and Parnavaz marched to Albania and subdued its people. Incidentally, no Georgian source documents these events reported by Cassius Dio in his Roman History Instead, the Georgian annals concentrates upon the homecoming of Mirvan, the exiled son of Parnajom, who had been brought up in Iran. Mirvan returned to Kartli at the head of an Iranian army, killed Bartom and became a king.Bartom is said to have adopted Kartam, the descendant of Kuji (the alleged ruler of Egrisi in the time of the first Iberian king Parnavaz). But Kartam had also been killed in battle against Mirvan. Nevertheless, Kartam's pregnant wife – the daughter of Bartom – fled to Armenia where she gave birth to a son named Aderki.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:07 UTC on Wednesday, 14 May 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Pharnavaz II on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Matthew.

In dieser True Crime-History-Sprachwissenschafts-Crossover-Folge besprechen wir einen Mord. Den Mord an einem Diktator, der mit Kalkül und Charisma die Alleinherrschaft an sich gerissen hat: Gaius Julius Caesar. Er war Feldherr, Schrifsteller, Frauenheld und der Totengräber der römischen Republik. Um seine letzten Worte ranken sich nicht erst seit Shakespeares "Auch du, Brutus?" Mythen. Nach einem kurzen Profiling unseres Opfers und der Täter schildern wir den Tathergang. Danach geht es ums Wort: Was sagte Caesar als letztes? Zu wem sprach er? Und vor allem: in welcher Sprache? Um unsere Fragen zu beantworten, bitten wir drei Zeugen zur Befragung, die uns auch bereitwillig Informationen geben, sich jedoch leider widersprechen. Es beginnt ein zähes Ringen darum, was Wahrheit und was Fiktion einzelner ist. Werden unsere zwei unerschrockenen Detektive Anton und Jakob den Fall klären können oder werden Caesars letzt Worte für immer hinter dem Schleier des Vergessens verborgen bleiben? Ein Fall von Podcast von Anton und Jakob. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sprachpfade ___ Weiterführende Literatur: Martin Jehne (2024): Caesar, 6. durchgesehene und aktualisierte Auflage, München: C.H. Beck.Michael Sommer (2024): Mordsache Caesar. Die letzten Tage des Diktators, München: C.H. Beck.Ioannis Ziogas (2016): „Famous Last Words. Caesar's Prophecy on the Ides of March“, in: Antichthon 50, S. 134-153.Alle Bücher ausleihbar in deiner nächsten Bibliothek! Historische Quellen (für alle, die es genau wissen wollen)Textstelle bei Sueton, De vita Caesarum, Buch Divus Iulius, Kap. 82 (Suet. Iul. 82), in: Perseus Digital Library, URL: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Suet.+Jul.+82&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0061Textstelle bei Cassius Dio, Ῥωμαϊκὴ ἱστορία, Buch 44, Kap. 19 (Cass. Dio 44,19), in: Perseus Digital Library, URL: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=44.19&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0593Textstelle bei Plutarch, Caesar, Kap. 66, Abschnitt 5 (Plut. Caes. 66.5), URL: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plut.+Caes.+66.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0130Das berühmte Zitat „Et tu, Brute?“ in William Shakespeare: „The tragedy of Julius Caesar“, Akt 3, Szene 1, Zeile 85, URL: https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/julius-caesar/read/(Tolle) Produktionen, die wir erwähnt habenDas erwähnte Video zum römischen Namenssystem: Kaptorga – Visual History: „IT'S A JOKE NAME, SIR! Warum der Name von Russel Crowe in Gladiator nicht funktioniert“, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDCLD431juwDie erwähnte Genremix-Folge zur Ermordung Caesars: Tatort Geschichte – True Crime meets History: „Verrat im Senat. Caesar und die ‘Iden des März'“, URL: https://www.br.de/mediathek/podcast/tatort-geschichte-true-crime-meets-history/verrat-im-senat-caesar-und-die-iden-des-maerz/2100878 (in der Folge ein Interview mit Michael Sommer zu seinem Buch, siehe oben) ___ Gegenüber Themenvorschlägen für die kommenden Ausflüge in die Sprachwissenschaft und Anregungen jeder Art sind wir stets offen. Wir freuen uns auf euer Feedback! Schreibt uns dazu einfach an oder in die DMs: anton.sprachpfade@protonmail.com oder jakob.sprachpfade@protonmail.com ___ Titelgrafik und Musik von Elias Kündiger https://on.soundcloud.com/ySNQ6

54 год до нашей эры... Урок восемьдесят четвертый. О регулярности, воинских академиях и поведении пацана-==- Ссылка на поддержку ДОРОГОГО БРАТАhttps://www.patreon.com/zakat_podcasthttps://boosty.to/dronopaedia-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (прямой перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Vsegallskij-cikl-3-seriya-Fortis-fortuna-adiuvat-Fortuna-pokrovitelstvuet-smelym-05-08-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:46 Qurites!04:13 Ранее в ROME06:52 Эпиграф к серии07:27 Римский стандартный маневр15:27 Два легата18:40 Благодарность по-белгски22:59 Спор в палатке27:30 Отступление37:02 Осада46:12 Тит Пулион и Луций Ворен49:59 Цезарь спешит на помощь54:29 Гордость и пренебрежение1:00:54 Всегалльский вождь1:04:28 ПослесловиеИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Туллий Цицерон. ПисьмаПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаБиллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссФерреро, Гульельмо. Юлий ЦезарьWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

54 год до нашей эры... Урок восемьдесят третий. О свободе, черепахе и о великом лидере-==-Ссылка на продажу билетов на лекции ДОРОГОГО БРАТАhttps://dronopaedia.ru/events.html-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (прямой перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Vsegallskij-cikl-2-seriya-Pro-libera-Gallia-Za-svobodnuyu-Galliyu-03-02-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:32 Qurites!03:53 Ранее в ROME03:36 Эпиграф к серии07:05 Вопросики Иллирика12:23 Вопросики Треверов23:30 Свободный человек в свободной стране32:54 Вторжение49:49 Последняя карта1:00:21 За свободную Галлию!1:05:46 ПослесловиеИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Туллий Цицерон. ПисьмаПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаБиллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссФерреро, Гульельмо. Юлий ЦезарьWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

Lists of important Roman historians would certainly include cerebral Polybius (who, to be fair, was also Greek); the friend of Augustus, Titus Livius; the austere Tacitus; and the gossipy Suetonius,. To one extent or another, all of them were participant observers–not simply historians, but actors in the drama of Roman life and politics.  Not usually included on this list of great Roman participant-historians is Cassius Dio. Like Polybius, he was Greek. But since he was born somewhere between 155 and 165 AD, and died in the 230s, the Mediterranean world had changed quite a bit since Polybius' time, three centuries before. For Cassius Dio was a Roman senator, and he served and wrote during a time of unprecedented tumult within the Roman Empire. He is often the only source for a variety of events, even ones which occurred centuries before his own lifetime. But was he simply a Tacitus wannabe? Or an important and influential historian in his own right? With me to talk about Cassius Dio is Colin Elliot, Professor of History at Indiana University. He hosts his own podcast, Pax Romana, where you can hear many verbal footnotes  to Cassius Dio, which helped inspire this discussion. Colin's last appearance on Historically Thinking was in Episode 351, when we talked about this book Pox Romana: The Plague That Shook the Roman World.

55 год до нашей эры...Урок восемьдесят второй. О подвиге, послах и святотатстве-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (прямой перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Vsegallskij-cikl-1-seriya-Orpheus-romanus-Rimskij-Orfej-01-23-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:40 Квириты!03:36 Эпиграф к серии04:17 Заседание сената06:23 Дела в Галлии к 55 году14:21 Красные Таргариены20:30 Всего три дня...27:21 История одного святотатства31:53 Туман им. Гая Юлия Цезаря38:10 Подвиг!48:23 Следуюший лист карты53:36 День Д1:00:53 Большая луна1:03:59 Обычный день1:08:36 ПослесловиеИсточники Гай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаБиллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссФерреро, Гульельмо. Юлий ЦезарьWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

En este episodio de Grandes Maricas de la Historia, nos adentramos en la fascinante y controvertida vida de Sextus Varius Avitus Basianus, más conocido como Heliogábalo, el joven emperador romano que desafió las normas de género, religión y poder en el siglo III d.C. Durante sus cuatro años de reinado, Heliogábalo rompió moldes y escandalizó a la élite romana con sus innovadoras reformas religiosas y su vida personal, que desafiaba abiertamente las convenciones de la época. Pero ¿cuánto de lo que sabemos de él es real, y cuánto es producto de la manipulación histórica? Exploramos cómo las fuentes antiguas, desde Cassius Dio hasta la infame Historia Augusta, distorsionaron su figura para convertirlo en un símbolo de decadencia y "depravación oriental". Analizamos cómo el cristianismo emergente se apropió de estas narrativas para demonizar al paganismo, reforzando prejuicios sobre género y sexualidad que han perdurado hasta nuestros días. En este recorrido, desmentimos los mitos más infames: desde las orgías y los estanques de vino hasta la supuesta prostitución del emperador en palacio. También reflexionamos sobre su identidad de género, su relación con Hierocles y su fascinante intento de integrar el culto a Elagabal en la religión romana. Este episodio no es solo una defensa del Heliogábalo histórico, sino también una crítica a la manera en que la homofobia y la moral cristiana han moldeado nuestra percepción del pasado. Porque, al final, Heliogábalo no fue el tirano decadente que nos han hecho creer, sino una figura revolucionaria que se atrevió a ser diferente en un mundo que no estaba listo para entenderle. Las músicas: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5qbf529hFHE2XKv6VB7Otp?si=e5095d126cb3471e

51 год до нашей эры...Урок восемьдесят первый. О сюрреализме, непредусмотрительности и силе литературы-==-Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (прямой перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Parfyanskij-cikl-4-seriya-Respice-finem-Predusmatrivaj-konec-10-16-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:21 Квириты!03:48 Ранее в ROME06:28 Эпиграф к серии06:45 Триумф11:34 Римские проблемы15:43 Рим занят23:24 Царская милость30:52 Римское МММ39:35 Переписка дружочков52:59 Шанс на реабилитацию58:28 Суперпозиция Цицерона1:02:21 Тактика Лонгина1:05:57 Битва при Антигонии1:11:33 Литературные таланты Бибулы1:24:48 Сказка1:27:50 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Юниан Юстин. Эпитома сочинения Помпея Трога «История Филиппа»Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСтрабон. ГеографияДибвойз, Нельсон Кэрел. Политическая история ПарфииДьяконов, Михаил Михайлович. Очерк истории Древнего Ирана.Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. Reign of ArrowsSampson, Gareth C. The Defeat of Rome. Crassus, Carrhae and the Invasion of the EastСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.

53 год до нашей эры... Урок восьмидесятый. О мраке, отступлении и цене доблести-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (прямой перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Parfyanskij-cikl-3-seriya-Pretium-virtutis-Cena-doblesti-09-29-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…03:23 Квириты!03:50 Ранее в ROME06:30 Эпиграф к серии06:47 Трудное решение14:36 Мрак22:50 Долгое отступление27:11 Поиски римлян33:23 Снова в ночь36:48 Предгорья Таврского хребта39:44 Переговоры о мире47:42 Еврипид50:20 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Юниан Юстин. Эпитома сочинения Помпея Трога «История Филиппа»Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСтрабон. ГеографияДибвойз, Нельсон Кэрел. Политическая история ПарфииДьяконов, Михаил Михайлович. Очерк истории Древнего Ирана.Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. Reign of ArrowsSampson, Gareth C. The Defeat of Rome. Crassus, Carrhae and the Invasion of the EastСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.

53 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят девятый. О стрелах, усталости и чести-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Parfyanskij-cikl-2-seriya-Pueri-aureum-Zolotoj-malchik-09-13-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:51 Квириты!03:30 Ранее в ROME05:54 Эпиграф к серии06:31 Споры в палатке10:05 Легенды о Лонгинах15:52 Царь Абгар и политические нюансы22:20 У Парфии нет сердца28:45 Второй совет32:53 Орлы и Драконы38:49 Карре против катафрактов47:11 Золотой мальчик53:48 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Юниан Юстин. Эпитома сочинения Помпея Трога «История Филиппа»Иосиф Флавий. Иудейские древностиПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСтрабон. ГеографияДибвойз, Нельсон Кэрел. Политическая история ПарфииДьяконов, Михаил Михайлович. Очерк истории Древнего Ирана.Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. Reign of ArrowsSampson, Gareth C. The Defeat of Rome. Crassus, Carrhae and the Invasion of the EastСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссЛитвинский, Борис Анатольевич. Сложносоставной лук в древней Средней АзииДмитриев, Сергей Викторович. Знаменный комплекс в военно-политической культуре средневековых кочевников Центральной Азии

54 год до нашей эры... Урок семьдесят восьмой. О благоразумии, геометрии и о Сурене-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериям https://telegra.ph/Parfyanskij-cikl-1-seriya-Cauneas-Kavneas-08-26-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:47 Квириты!04:15 Эпиграф к серии04:38 Cave ne eas09:49 Во всем всегда виноват Помпей15:26 Чих в кашу18:13 Парфия29:53 Геополитический ромб35:07 Радостное покорение Месопотамии38:48 Сурены44:50 Выбор Красса48:39 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryМарк Юниан Юстин. Эпитома сочинения Помпея Трога «История Филиппа»Иосиф Флавий. Иудейские древностиПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСтрабон. ГеографияДибвойз, Нельсон Кэрел. Политическая история ПарфииДьяконов, Михаил Михайлович. Очерк истории Древнего Ирана.Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. Reign of ArrowsSampson, Gareth C. The Defeat of Rome. Crassus, Carrhae and the Invasion of the EastСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс

56 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят седьмой. О Давиде, Голиафе и о свиданиях-==-Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==-Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==-Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Triumvirskij-cikl-4-seriya-Una-voce-Edinoglasno-07-12-==-Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==-Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:50 Квириты!03:54 Ранее в ROME06:02 Эпиграф к серии06:22 Клубок противоречий14:13 Интрига Цицерона25:08 Луч надежды консерваторов30:27 Великий консул35:04 Польза свиданий44:06 Катон и Некатонович51:39 Легионы идут на Рим1:04:21 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныДиодор Сицилийский. ИсторияГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссГрималь, Пьер. ЦицеронWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar

In the first century BC, the Roman Republic is expanding rapidly across the Mediterranean basin. As the legions venture eastward into Anatolia, the Romans are able to divide and conquer all of their enemies, except for one: Mithridates VI of Pontus, also known as the Poison King.   Mithridates is more than a mere historical figure; he's a mythic hero, born under the sign of a shooting star and nearly murdered by his own mother before spending much of his youth in the wilderness. These details may sound made up, but truth is often stranger than fiction, and the story of Mithridates is one of the strangest ever told.   Map of Anatolia during Mithridates' reign: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Asia_Minor_in_the_Greco-Roman_period_-_general_map_-_regions_and_main_settlements.jpg   My Interview with Sean McFadden of Deep Noetics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eecCdz7cbug   SUBSCRIBE TO RELEVANT HISTORY, AND NEVER MISS AN EPISODE! Relevant History Patreon: https://bit.ly/3vLeSpF Subscribe on Spotify: https://spoti.fi/38bzOvo Subscribe on Apple Music (iTunes): https://apple.co/2SQnw4q Subscribe on Any Platform: https://bit.ly/RelHistSub   Relevant History on Twitter/X: https://bit.ly/3eRhdtk Relevant History on Facebook: https://bit.ly/2Qk05mm Official website: https://bit.ly/3btvha4   Episode transcript (90% accurate): https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRmqvP5OKsISkJeh798lUhzBaublU3RwXtQJm78gx0jBSn5i5rM7PlmXIC7RXxs2G6bjymLQKKX8Kgn/pub Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan   SOURCES: Appian: https://www.livius.org/sources/content/appian/appian-the-mithridatic-wars/ Cassius Dio: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html Justin: https://www.attalus.org/translate/justin6.html#37.1 Livy: https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/baker-the-history-of-rome-vol-6 (Livy's work on Mithridates is lost. Only a summary remains.) Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's Indomitable Enemy: https://www.everand.com/read/444975669/Mithridates-the-Great-Rome-s-Indomitable-Enemy Adrienne Mayor, The Poison King, the Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy Valerius Maximus: http://attalus.org/info/valerius.html Brian McGing, The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus: https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofm0000mcgi/page/n13/mode/2up Brian McGing (Encyclopaedia Iranica article on Pontus): https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pontus Plutarch's Parallel Lives:                 -Sulla https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sulla*.html                 -Lucullus https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Lucullus*.html                 -Pompey https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Pompey*.html                 -Sertorius https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sertorius*.html Rank-Raglan mythotype and scores: https://everything.explained.today/Rank%E2%80%93Raglan_mythotype/ Laurence M. V. Totelin (study on antidote): https://www.jstor.org/stable/4130095?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

57 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят седьмой. О долгах, фараонах и об очень больших деньгах-==-Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==-Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==-Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Triumvirskij-cikl-3-seriya-Decem-milium-talentorum-Desyat-tysyach-talantov-06-22-==-Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==-Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:42 Квириты!03:56 Ранее в ROME06:22 Эпиграф к серии06:30 Кораблик печали07:38 Родословная12:58 Долги, понты и женщина17:51 Шанс21:33 Еврейские чудеса34:02 Парфия37:48 Уборная Катона49:35 Долгое ожидание Авлета52:13 Очередь женихов59:59 Пророчество Сивиллы1:11:25 Египет1:21:04 ПослекастИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияИосиф Флавий. Иудейские древностиАппиан. Гражданские войныДиодор Сицилийский. ИсторияГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаHuzar, Eleanor Goltz. Mark Antony. A biographyЛюбимова, О. В. Птолемей XII и Цезарь: история одного долгаСмыков, Е. В. Сирийское наместничество Авла ГабинияDando-Collins, Stephen. Mark Antony's HeroesDe Ruggiero, Paolo. Mark Antony: A Plain Blunt Man

57 год до нашей эры... Урок семьдесят шестой. О возвращении, олимпийцах и о том, как полезно смотреть в небо-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Triumvirskij-cikl-2-seriya-Reditus-Regis-Vozvrashchenie-korolya-06-06-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:52 Квириты!04:04 Ранее в ROME06:36 Эпиграф к серии06:44 Что делать?11:53 Гигант-Олимпиец17:33 Голос понаехавших20:14 Нельзя просто так...23:49 Возвращение короля28:18 Медиатор Рима41:07 Дом, милый дом46:11 Как смотреть в небо52:44 ПослесловиеИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссГрималь, Пьер. ЦицеронЛитовченко, С. Д. Публий Клодий и Тигран МладшийWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarМашкин, Н. А. Принципат Августа. Происхождение и социальная сущность. Движение КлодияЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

58 год до нашей эры... Урок семьдесят пятый. О безумии, хлебе и о коллегах-==- Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Triumvirskij-cikl-1-seriya-Gladius-anceps-acutus-Oboyudoostryj-mech-05-2500:00-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==-Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:54 Эпиграф к серии03:03 Хлеба!14:17 Прочие пункты политической программы22:14 К чему ведет жадность27:25 Экстраординарная милость32:28 Очередь Цицерона35:24 Дело Тиграна40:54 Кое-что о больных мозолях49:27 Самый важный законопроект56:03 Битва при форуме59:24 ПослесловиеИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаСrook, J. A., Lintott, Andrew, Rawsonthe, Elizabeth. Cambridge ancient history. Volume IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 B.C.Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссГрималь, Пьер. ЦицеронMcDonald, William F. Clodius and the Lex Aelia FufiaЛитовченко, С. Д. Публий Клодий и Тигран МладшийWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarМашкин, Н. А. Принципат Августа. Происхождение и социальная сущность. Движение КлодияЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

A little break for another bonus episode today. This time, we sit around the podcast campfire with a student of Roman history and delve into the topic of the fall of the Roman Republic- as well as touching on his next realm of study in the form of the fall of the Western Roman Empire... Sources used for our discussion this episode: Caesar (1953), The Conquest of Gaul. Translated by S. A. Hanford. London: Penguin Books. Cassius Dio (1961), Dio's Roman History in Nine Volumes. Volume II. Translated by E. Cary. London, United Kingdom and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press. Duncan, M. (2017), The Storm Before the Storm: The Beginning of the End of the Roman Republic. New York City: Hachette Book Group. Goldsworthy, A. (2023), The Eagle and the Lion: Rome, Persia and an Unwinnable Conflict. London: Head of Zeus Ltd. Hayne, L. (1991). The Importance of the Gracchi. Ancient History Resources for Teachers, 21(2): 86-89. Henderson, M. M. (1968), Tiberius Gracchus and the Failure of the Roman Republic. Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 31: 51-64. Littlewood, I. (2002), The Rough Guide: History of France. London: Rough Guides Ltd. Marks, A. and Tingay, G. (date unknown), Romans. London: Usborne Publishing.

Se cree que el mejor ejemplo del concepto de Platón del Rey Filósofo alguien que gobierna según preceptos filosóficos y verdades superiores es el del emperador romano Marco Aurelio, el último de los Cinco Buenos Emperadores de Roma. y un devoto estudiante del estoicismo, cuyos principios influyeron tanto en su vida como en su reinado. Esta es la forma más común de ver a Marco Aurelio, de quien su reinado se caracterizó por una devoción a su pueblo y una disciplina estoica expresada claramente en su obra Meditaciones, un diario privado que llevó y que, una vez publicado, se ha convertido en su mayor legado. Marco Aurelio fue muy respetado en vida y personas que existieron antes y después de el, personas como Dion Casio o Cassius Dio, y los autores de la Historia Augusta, una historia de los emperadores romanos, se refieren a él como “el filósofo”. De estas fuentes se entiende que conocían las Meditaciones de Marco Aurelio, pero los autores se centran no sólo en la obra escrita sino en cómo vivió su filosofía a lo largo de su reinado. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vidaestoica/message

56 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят четвертый. О кораблях, предусмотрительности и осьминожности-==-Поддержать подкастpatreon.com/romafallrepublicboosty.to/romafallrepublicСсылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту)https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92chttps://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp-==-Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграмgeasmuire@gmail.comhttps://t.me/caledfwlch_as-==-Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Gallskij-cikl-4-seriya-Vita-sine-libertate-nihil-ZHizn-bez-svobody--nichto-05-07-==-Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществахhttps://t.me/romafallrepublichttps://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ruhttps://vk.com/romafallrepublichttps://twitter.com/ROMApodcast-==-Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое…02:48 Ранее в ROME05:17 Эпиграф к серии05:39 Октодур12:57 Сферический примипил в вакууме21:12 Детская обида25:46 Замиренные галлы30:43 Децим Юний Брут33:25 Вторая антиримская коалиция против осминожнго замысла36:11 Первые плоды40:11 Сила приливов43:28 Луккское свидание45:28 Битва у залива Морбиан52:03 Болотные белги53:33 Марш на Рим54:59 ПослесловиеИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская войнаCassius Dio. Roman HistoryПлутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописанияАппиан. Гражданские войныГай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарейТит Ливий. История Рима от основания городаДельбрюк, Ганс. История военного искусства в рамках политической истории. Том 1. Античный мирФерреро, Гульельмо. Юлий ЦезарьБиллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колоссWiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius CaesarЭтьен, Робер. Цезарь

57 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят третий. О скорости, легенде и о взгляде бога-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериям https://telegra.ph/Gallskij-cikl-3-seriya-Victores-non-judicant-Pobeditelej-ne-sudyat-04-26-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое… 02:55 Ранее в ROME 05:41 Эпиграф к серии 06:15 Небольшое преступление 13:44 Гостеприимство Ремов 19:32 Стояние на реке Аксона 24:04 Casus Belli 28:15 Полотенце в синем углу 36:22 Divide et Impera 40:40 Под взглядом бога войны 53:47 Конец легенды 58:28 Кинжал в стене 1:03:54 Послесловие ИсточникиГай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская война Cassius Dio. Roman History Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Аппиан. Гражданские войны Гай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарей Тит Ливий. История Рима от основания города Дельбрюк, Ганс. История военного искусства в рамках политической истории. Том 1. Античный мир Ферреро, Гульельмо. Юлий Цезарь Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс Wiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar Этьен, Робер. Цезарь

58 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят второй. О тумане, хитрости и о переговорах-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериям https://telegra.ph/Gallskij-cikl-2-seriya-Jus-primae-occupationis-Pravo-pervogo-zahvativshego-04-15-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое… 03:09 Ранее в ROME 05:32 Эпиграф к серии 05:53 Туман 12:43 Умная мысль 20:20 Сложные переговоры 25:35 Плоды первой победы 32:01 Новая встреча 37:21 Танцы 39:26 Найденная смелость 41:48 Марши и провокации 45:00 Битва при Вогезах 49:47 ПослесловиеИсточники Гай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская война Cassius Dio. Roman History Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Аппиан. Гражданские войны Гай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарей Тит Ливий. История Рима от основания города Дельбрюк, Ганс. История военного искусства в рамках политической истории. Том 1. Античный мир Ферреро, Гульельмо. Юлий Цезарь Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс Wiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar Этьен, Робер. Цезарь

58 год до нашей эры...Урок семьдесят первый. О тесноте, предательстве и о штанах-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериям https://telegra.ph/Gallskij-cikl-Divitiacus-Divitiak-04-06-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое… 02:45 Эпиграф к серии 03:00 Галлия 10:56 Вопросы цивилизованности 15:36 Урок географии 19:01 Угроза с севера 27:24 Столкновение у Генавы 33:18 Как выйти из бутылки 37:53 Битва у реки Арар 41:59 Как вести переговоры 45:55 Нюансы эдуйского снабжения 52:55 Хитрый план 56:48 Битва при Бирбакте 1:00:36 Совет вождей 1:08:00 Галлия расколота на две части 1:12:09 Послесловие Источники Гай Юлий Цезарь. Галльская война Cassius Dio. Roman History Марк Туллий Цицерон. Письма и Речи Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Аппиан. Гражданские войны Гай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарей Тит Ливий. История Рима от основания города Дельбрюк, Ганс. История военного искусства в рамках политической истории. Том 1. Античный мир Ферреро, Гульельмо. Юлий Цезарь Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс Wiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar Этьен, Робер. Цезарь

59 год до нашей эры...Урок семидесятый. О взятках, справедливости и о суде-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериямhttps://telegra.ph/Cezarianskij-cikl-5-seriya-Primus-inter-pares-Pervyj-sredi-ravnyh-03-01-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое… 03:17 Ранее в ROME 06:56 Эпиграф к серии 07:13 Море... 12:26 Египет наш! 25:31 Второй аграрный закон 31:02 Матримониальные метания 34:30 Справедливый суд 43:09 Расплата за наезд 50:57 Отказ от троп и лесов 58:40 Ты нашей нищетой велик! 1:02:32 Что может изменить ночь 1:12:07 Публий Клодий 1:21:19 Письмо 1:26:06 Послесловие ИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman History Марк Туллий Цицерон. Письма и Речи Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Веллей Патеркул. Римская история Аппиан. Гражданские войны Гай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарей Тит Ливий. История Рима от основания города Гай Валерий Катулл Веронский. Книга стихотворений Афиней Навкратийский. Пир мудрецов Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс Любимова, Ольга Владимировна. Птолемей XII и Цезарь: история одного долга Белкин, M.B. Цицерон, Цезарь и процесс Гая Антония в 59 г. до н.э Росси, Р. Ф. Заговор Веттия Таривердиева, Сабина Эльмар кызы. Цезарь и «египетский вопрос» в 65 г. до н. э. Никишин, Владимир Олегович. Катон Утический: хранитель устоев и нарушитель традиций Wiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar Этьен, Робер. Цезарь Фредериксен, Мартин. Цезарь, Цицерон и долговая проблема Горбулич, Ирина Степановна. Династический брак как политическое орудие в карьере Помпея Великого Утченко, Сергей Львович. Юлий Цезарь Голдсуорси, Адриан. Юлий Цезарь. Полководец, император, легенда

59 год до нашей эры...Урок шестьдесят девятый. О хитрости, несгибаемости и игре в Чапаева-==- Поддержать подкаст patreon.com/romafallrepublic boosty.to/romafallrepublic Ссылки на сервисы одноразовых донатов (перевод на карту) https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/de81e92c https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/8OhkxZI8dPp -==- Для заказа рекламы пишите на почту или в телеграм geasmuire@gmail.com https://t.me/caledfwlch_as -==- Герои выпуска. Осторожно, спойлеры к предыдущим сериям https://telegra.ph/Cezarianskij-cikl-4-seriya-Anno-consulatus-Iulii-et-Caesaris-V-god-konsulstva-YUliya-i-Cezarya-02-04-==- Подкаст выходит по четвергам. Подписывайтесь на любых платформах и присоединяйтесь в сообществах https://t.me/romafallrepublic https://instagram.com/roma_fall_of_the_republic/?hl=ru https://vk.com/romafallrepublic https://twitter.com/ROMApodcast -==- Таймкоды00:00 Перенесемся в прошлое… 03:02 Ранее в ROME 05:52 Эпиграф к серии 06:08 Благой день! 15:21 Слезы Диона Кассия 22:42 Сила Твиттера 30:26 Немного за обструкционизм 36:45 Вето! 40:11 За справедливостью! 43:40 В год консульства Юлия и Цезаря 48:34 Бибул Truth 53:41 Нет 1:03:02 След Лукулла 1:08:35 ПослесловиеИсточникиCassius Dio. Roman History Плутарх. Сравнительные жизнеописания Марк Туллий Цицерон. Письма Гай Светоний Транквилл. Жизнь двенадцати цезарей Тит Ливий. История Рима от основания города Публий Овидий Назон. Фасты Биллоуз, Ричард. Юлий Цезарь. Римский колосс Wiseman, Timothy Peter. Julius Caesar Этьен, Робер. Цезарь Утченко, Сергей Львович. Юлий Цезарь Голдсуорси, Адриан. Юлий Цезарь. Полководец, император, легенда

On this in-between season break special episode of Royally Screwed, we're talking about three Roman historians whose work I personally use for a lot of my research for Roman episodes of this show: Tacitus, Suetonius, and Cassius Dio. We'll also learn a bit about why we can probably trust what these guys wrote.Subscribe for more episodes as they come.Twitter: @Denim_CreekInstagram: denimcreekproMusic:Intro/Outro: “Life O' the Lavish” - Jules Gaia, “Coffeeshop Stories” - Almost Here, “Smooth Passenger” - White Bones, “Time For Cadillac” - CooloopCopyright 2024, Denim Creek Productions

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Roman emperor Tiberius. When he was born in 42BC, there was little prospect of him ever becoming Emperor of Rome. Firstly, Rome was still a Republic and there had not yet been any Emperor so that had to change and, secondly, when his stepfather Augustus became Emperor there was no precedent for who should succeed him, if anyone. It somehow fell to Tiberius to develop this Roman imperial project and by some accounts he did this well, while to others his reign was marked by cruelty and paranoia inviting comparison with Nero.WithMatthew Nicholls Senior Tutor at St. John's College, University of OxfordShushma Malik Assistant Professor of Classics and Onassis Classics Fellow at Newnham College at the University of CambridgeAnd Catherine Steel Professor of Classics at the University of GlasgowProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Edward Champlin, ‘Tiberius the Wise' (Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 57.4, 2008)Alison E. Cooley, ‘From the Augustan Principate to the invention of the Age of Augustus' (Journal of Roman Studies 109, 2019)Alison E. Cooley, The Senatus Consultum de Cn. Pisone Patre: text, translation, and commentary (Cambridge University Press, 2023)Eleanor Cowan, ‘Tiberius and Augustus in Tiberian Sources' (Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 58.4, 2009)Cassius Dio (trans. C. T. Mallan), Roman History: Books 57 and 58: The Reign of Tiberius (Oxford University Press, 2020)Rebecca Edwards, ‘Tacitus, Tiberius and Capri' (Latomus, 70.4, 2011)A. Gibson (ed.), The Julio-Claudian Succession: Reality and Perception of the Augustan Model (Brill, 2012), especially ‘Tiberius and the invention of succession' by C. VoutJosephus (trans. E. Mary Smallwood and G. Williamson), The Jewish War (Penguin Classics, 1981)Barbara Levick, Tiberius the Politician (Routledge, 1999)E. O'Gorman, Tacitus' History of Political Effective Speech: Truth to Power (Bloomsbury, 2019)Velleius Paterculus (trans. J. C. Yardley and Anthony A. Barrett), Roman History: From Romulus and the Foundation of Rome to the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius (Hackett Publishing, 2011)R. Seager, Tiberius (2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2005)David Shotter, Tiberius Caesar (Routledge, 2005) Suetonius (trans. Robert Graves), The Twelve Caesars (Penguin Classics, 2007)Tacitus (trans. Michael Grant), The Annals of Imperial Rome (Penguin Classics, 2003)

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Roman emperor Tiberius. When he was born in 42BC, there was little prospect of him ever becoming Emperor of Rome. Firstly, Rome was still a Republic and there had not yet been any Emperor so that had to change and, secondly, when his stepfather Augustus became Emperor there was no precedent for who should succeed him, if anyone. It somehow fell to Tiberius to develop this Roman imperial project and by some accounts he did this well, while to others his reign was marked by cruelty and paranoia inviting comparison with Nero.WithMatthew Nicholls Senior Tutor at St. John's College, University of OxfordShushma Malik Assistant Professor of Classics and Onassis Classics Fellow at Newnham College at the University of CambridgeAnd Catherine Steel Professor of Classics at the University of GlasgowProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Edward Champlin, ‘Tiberius the Wise' (Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 57.4, 2008)Alison E. Cooley, ‘From the Augustan Principate to the invention of the Age of Augustus' (Journal of Roman Studies 109, 2019)Alison E. Cooley, The Senatus Consultum de Cn. Pisone Patre: text, translation, and commentary (Cambridge University Press, 2023)Eleanor Cowan, ‘Tiberius and Augustus in Tiberian Sources' (Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 58.4, 2009)Cassius Dio (trans. C. T. Mallan), Roman History: Books 57 and 58: The Reign of Tiberius (Oxford University Press, 2020)Rebecca Edwards, ‘Tacitus, Tiberius and Capri' (Latomus, 70.4, 2011)A. Gibson (ed.), The Julio-Claudian Succession: Reality and Perception of the Augustan Model (Brill, 2012), especially ‘Tiberius and the invention of succession' by C. VoutJosephus (trans. E. Mary Smallwood and G. Williamson), The Jewish War (Penguin Classics, 1981)Barbara Levick, Tiberius the Politician (Routledge, 1999)E. O'Gorman, Tacitus' History of Political Effective Speech: Truth to Power (Bloomsbury, 2019)Velleius Paterculus (trans. J. C. Yardley and Anthony A. Barrett), Roman History: From Romulus and the Foundation of Rome to the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius (Hackett Publishing, 2011)R. Seager, Tiberius (2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2005)David Shotter, Tiberius Caesar (Routledge, 2005) Suetonius (trans. Robert Graves), The Twelve Caesars (Penguin Classics, 2007)Tacitus (trans. Michael Grant), The Annals of Imperial Rome (Penguin Classics, 2003)

waarin we 's werelds meest iconische vorstin verwikkeld zien in een hevige machtstrijd tot de laatste man en ons afvragen of de geschiedenis haar eerlijk heeft geportretteerd. WIJ ZIJN nog altijd: Jonas Goossenaerts (inhoud en vertelstem), Filip Vekemans (montage), Benjamin Goyvaerts (inhoud) en Laurent Poschet (inhoud). Met BIJDRAGEN van: Ward Bal (Cicero), Laurens Luyten (Plutarchus en Cassius Dio) en Valérie Wyns (experte Hellenistisch Egypte). Wil je ons een FOOI geven? http://fooienpod.com/geschiedenisvoorherbeginners Al schenkt u tien cent of tien euro, het duurt tien seconden met een handige QR-code. MEER WETEN? Onze geraadpleegde en geciteerde bronnen: Beard, M. (2016), SPQR. A History of Ancient Rome. Profile Books. Londen. Schiff, S. (2011), Cleopatra: a life. Little, Brown & Company. Boston. Cassius Dio, De Vries, G.H. (2006), Samenzwering en verraad: de strijd om de macht na de moord op Julius Caesar. Athenaeum-Polak & Van Gennep. Amsterdam. Ploutarchos, Van Rooijen-Dijkman, H.W.A (vertaling) (2008), Beroemde Romeinen. Athenaeum-Polak & Van Gennep. Amsterdam.

A Zionist account of history has it that, at some point in the past, the Jewish people were exiled from Judea and forced to settle across the world. This exile is believed to have taken place either as a consequence of the 1st and 2nd century revolts against the Romans, or as a result of the Arab Muslim conquest of the 7th century.     The problem with this narrative is that it's highly unlikely to be true.   Christian Aid Gaza Appeal: https://www.christianaid.org.uk/appeals/emergencies/middle-east-crisis-appeal   Buy me a Coffee page: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/DSConsciousness   To subscribe to the show: https://payhip.com/b/Sq0ZB   Track: Walk it Off - Jae Ren Music provided by Verde Música Studio Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2l-97PH5R8   Notes For the majority of this episode I have drawn on The Invention of the Jewish People, by Shlomo Sand: https://tinyurl.com/4kykxhdj   Population Genetics in Israel in the 1950s: The Unconscious Internalization of Ideology, by Nurit Kirsh https://philpapers.org/rec/KIRPGI   For a rundown of the Khazarian Mafia conspiracy theory see: https://www.isdglobal.org/digital_dispatches/an-antisemitic-conspiracy-theory-is-being-shared-on-telegram-to-justify-russias-invasion-of-ukraine/   How the ADL brands any questioning of Jewish identity anti-Semitic: https://extremismterms.adl.org/glossary/khazars   A Modest Proposal: All Palestinians Should Convert to Judaism, by Nadia Hijab: https://forward.com/opinion/386761/a-modest-proposal-all-palestinians-should-convert-to-judaism/   Palestinian requests for conversion rejected outright, official says, Times of Israel: https://www.timesofisrael.com/palestinian-requests-for-conversion-rejected-outright-official-says/   Huge Spike in Number of Israelis 'un-Jewed' by Chief Rabbinate in Past Two Years, Haaretz: https://tinyurl.com/5yryu53v   For work challenging Sand see:  Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?, by Dvir Raviv and Chaim Ben David https://tinyurl.com/29we77n2   The Myth of the Khazar Conversion, by Shaul Stampfer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYbycYgjnSU

Boudica Movie In Depth Interview Jesse V Johnson "Superbly crafted movie of Queen Boudica's epic fight back against the treacherous Roman Empire." BOUDICA is the bold, bloody story of the titular Celtic Queen. King Prasutagus rules over the Iceni people with his wife Boudica by his side. Prasutagus is betrayed and killed by Rome, leaving Boudica's kingdom without a male heir. The Romans seize her land, her property and abuse her and her children. Driven to the edge of madness and determined to avenge her husband's death, Boudica rallies the various tribes from the region and wages an epic war against the mighty Roman Empire. Starring Olga Kurylenko (Black Widow), Clive Standen (Vikings), Rita Tushingham (Last Night in Soho), (Harry Potter franchise) and James Faulkner (Game of Thrones), Boudica is written and directed by Jesse V. Johnson (Avengement). Director In-depth Interview We talked to the director Jesse V Johnson about his inspiration making the movie. Questions This is very different film to Avengement, Debt Collector, Hell Hath No Fury, How did you come to make this movie? Olga Kurylenko glows as the warrior queen did you create the movie with her in mind? Is there any sense that she is channelling the current war in her own Ukraine? It is beautifully, sumptuously shot with a definite nod to Gladiator in story and style was that intentional? You have an outstanding cast, (Clive Standen, Rita Tushingham, James Faulkner,) Nick Moran as the baddy is superb as the Roman general Catius Decianus. How did you get him to find his character almost wickedly enjoying the slaughter? How did you train the actors and choreograph the fight scenes? The Roman legionaries were impressive in their kit, did they come battle ready? How did you train the Britons to fight a shield wall? It is very different to a tank or RPG, so what was it like working a ballista into the fight action? Was the ancient sword that came alive in Boudica's hands a reference to King Arthur and the sword in the stone? The end fight scene has a Tarantino/ Peckinpahesque (Cross Of Iron (The Wild Bunch?)) violent glory, is that just me or were you channelling them? You shot in Suffolk. What was it like working on location on the earth where it actually happened? You're shooting in Italy right now… what are you making? What is next? "Every martial artist talks about stepping up in the face of evil, BOUDICA did it 2000 years ago" Based on legendary, historical events from 60/ 61 AD in a Britain barely conquered by the Roman Empire, the story of Boudica has inspired generations ever since. Boudica's battle speech "...Among the rest of mankind death frees even those who are in slavery to others; only in the case of the Romans do the very dead remain alive for their profit. Why is it that, though none of us has any money (how, indeed, could we, or where would we get it?), we are stripped and despoiled like a murderer's victims? And why should the Romans be expected to display moderation as time goes on, when they have behaved toward us in this fashion at the very outset, when all men show consideration even for the beasts they have newly captured?..." Recorded by Cassius Dio in about 200 AD, 140 years after the events noted in 60 AD. Availability BOUDICA is available on digital now. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On today's episode, Megan and Frank work up the liquid courage to tackle one of philosophy's most notorious recruiters: alcohol. Are we different people when we're inebriated, or simply more free to act on our deepest desires? Was the prohibition movement justified? Is wine-tasting all bogus, or are sommeliers detecting something real? And does alcohol induce mystical experiences?-----------------------Hosts' Websites:Megan J Fritts (google.com)Frank J. Cabrera (google.com)Email: philosophyonthefringes@gmail.com-----------------------Bibliography:Symposium by Plato (mit.edu)Cassius Dio, Roman History 49.36Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle (mit.edu) (Book 2)That One Should Disdain Hardships: The Teachings of Roman Stoic Drunkenness: Losing Our Grip on Reason | Choosing Freedom A Kantian Guide to LifeKirsten Ditterich-Shilakes, “Muse in a Stem Glass Art, Wine, and Philosophy”Quill Kukla, “Nonideal Theory of Sexual Consent” |Watch Prohibition | Ken Burns | PBSThe 1800s: When Americans Drank Whiskey Like it was WaterAmericans are drinking more now than when Prohibition became lawKevin W. Sweeney, "Is There Coffee or Blackberry in My Wine?"A.C. Noble |The Wine Aroma Wheel Official WebsiteOphelia Deroy, "The Power of Tastes: Reconciling Science and Subjectivity"Managing Diacetyl (“Buttery” Flavor) Production During MLFBarry C. Smith, “The Objectivity of Tastes and Tasting”Wine-tasting: it's junk science | Wine | The GuardianThink wine connoisseurship is nonsense? Blind-tasting data suggest otherwiseA New Study Answers The Question: Does Blind Wine Tasting Work? William James, “The Varieties of Religious Experience”-----------------------Cover Artwork by Logan Fritts-------------------------Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!):https://uppbeat.io/t/simon-folwar/neon-signsLicense code: EZOCM133QSX3TAVC

Arminius, Vercingetorix, Boudicca. Nicht nur die Germanen und Gallier widersetzten sich der römischen Eroberung, auch die Kelten versetzten den Römern unter ihrem Statthalter und Feldherrn Suetonius Paulinus einen herben Schlag. Und dies angeführt von einer Frau mit dem klingenden Namen ‚die Siegreiche‘. Um 60 n. Chr. entlädt sich die aufgeheizte Stimmung im Großraum des heutigen London. Drei römische Siedlungen, darunter Londinium, werden dem Erdboden gleichgemacht. Die claudische Politik, die eine Eroberung von Britannien vorsah, hatte zwar einige Fürsten der keltischen Stämme von den Vorzügen der römischen Lebensart überzeugen können. Dennoch beharrten diese auf ihrer Autonomie, die sie unter Boudicca bis aufs Blut zu verteidigen suchten. Wie es zum Aufstand unter Boudiccas Führung kam, warum sich einige britannische Stämme der Midlands gegen die Römer stellten, wie das Ganze ausging und wer eigentlich Boudicca war, erfahrt ihr in der Folge. Hört außerdem, warum man Tacitus und Cassius Dio, auch wenn sie sehr gut im Geschichten Erzählen sind, nicht trauen sollte! Euch hat der Podcast gefallen? Dann folgt uns gerne auf ⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠ und ⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠ für weiteren historischen Content! Schaut auch gerne auf unserer Webseite ⁠⁠⁠⁠epochentrotter. de⁠⁠⁠⁠ vorbei und schickt uns eine Mail an kontakt@epochentrotter.de, wenn ihr Themenideen oder Feedback habt. Shownotes: ⁠Der Kaiser ist tot, lang lebe die (römische) Republik! #europa #westeuropa #england #rom #antike #altertum #frauengeschichte #römischesimperium

Dio's Rome, Volume 4 An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: and Now Presented in English Form

Today marks the anniversary of the death of one of humanity's greatest specimens. On March 17th, 180, in what is now modern day Vienna, Emperor Marcus Aurelius breathed his last breath and died. We don't know exactly what his last words were. Cassius Dio claims that Marcus spoke his last sentence to his guard, saying to him, “Go to the rising sun, for I am setting.” Given the incredible legacy of the man, these words ring somewhat insufficiently.✉️ Sign up for the Daily Stoic email: https://dailystoic.com/dailyemail

Boudica - Nữ hoàng của phiến quân Vào năm 43 Công nguyên, khi Đế quốc La Mã chinh phục vùng đất mà hiện nay chính là nước Anh, họ đưa một thủ lĩnh của nhánh người Iceni thuộc bộ tộc Celtic - Prasutagus, trở thành người cai trị khu vực này. Thế nhưng, ngay khi Prasutagus qua đời vào năm 60, biến cố đã xảy ra. Người La Mã không chỉ chiếm đóng vùng đất của người Iceni mà còn áp đặt chính quyền cai trị của họ lên vùng đất này. Không những thế, chúng còn bạo hành Boudica - vợ của Prasutagus, và còn hãm hiếp các cô con gái của họ. Và đó cũng chính là một “nước đi” sai lầm. Uất hận và phẫn nộ vì thù nước lẫn thù nhà, vị nữ hoàng bị lưu đày này đã dẫn đầu liên minh các bộ lạc nổi dậy, cướp phá hai khu định cư của người La Mã và gần như đánh đuổi chúng ra khỏi hòn đảo của người Iceni. Thế nhưng cuối cùng, tại một trận chiến xảy ra vào năm 61 Công nguyên, Boudica và quân của bà đã bị đánh bại. Theo sử gia người La Mã - Tacitus, Boudica đã uống thuốc độc tự vẫn để khỏi bị bắt giữ. Sử gia Cassius Dio thì nói rằng vị nữ hoàng này đã qua đời bởi các vết thương do trận chiến gây ra. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tu-dien-lich-su/message

In this episode, Doug looks into the sordid history of the Praetorian Guard. Originally created by Emperor Augustus, it was intended to be a few thousand simple bodyguards who would protect the emperor and his family. Little did Augustus know, "[he] created potentially the most dangerous institution the Roman world had ever seen." In less than 100 years, the Guard's role expanded to become cops, soldiers, spies, gladiators, and assassins. They were supposed to take out the emperor's enemies. But once they got the taste for killing emperors and replacing them with guys who gave them bonuses, they became the emperors' biggest enemies themselves. During their four-hundred-year history, they would have a hand in killing over a dozen emperors. And they abandoned many more. They would be responsible for both the Year of the Four Emperors (AD 69) and the Year of the Five Emperors (AD 193). At their lowest point, they were literally selling the emperorship to the highest bidder. Sources used in this episode: Cassius Dio's Roman History Machiavelli's The Prince Chapter 19 Carl J. Richard, The Founders and the Classics: Greece, Rome, and the American Enlightenment, p. 103 Hayden Chakra at About History, History Of The Praetorian Guard, https://about-history.com/history-of-the-praetorian-guard/ Mark Cartwright at World History Encyclopedia, Praetorian Guard, https://www.worldhistory.org/Praetorian_Guard/ Evan Andrews at History.com, 8 Things You May Not Know About the Praetorian Guard, https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-praetorian-guard Peter Preskar at History of Yesterday, The Imperial German Bodyguard, https://historyofyesterday.com/the-imperial-german-bodyguard-c0abb84c0e3 Genevieve Carlton and John Kuroski at All That's Interesting, Inside The Praetorian Guard, The Fearsome Military Unit Of Ancient Rome, https://allthatsinteresting.com/praetorian-guard --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Check it out on my YouTube: https://youtu.be/Zu4ZzB8Ui8M Hello, this is the first complete history of the Cilician Pirates documented on any platform online. Most people only know the Cilician Pirates from the TV show Spartacus or the Historic Event when Julius Caesar was captured by them. I saw this while I was trying to learn more about the Cilician Pirates and was surprised at how little information there is online available about them. So, I pulled together all of the information about them from historians like Cassius Dio and Plutarch, along with reputable resources online to find all of the information I can on the Cilician Pirates for you today! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historyreligionculture/support

Decebalus, king of the Dacians, gains power in the lands of eastern Europe now called Romania, and draws the attention of the Roman Empire commanded by the dynamic emperor Trajan. The two hard-fought Dacian Wars ensue, as Trajan and Decebalus engage in a battle of weapons and wits. A new imperial province will emerge from Dacia's conquest, sowing the seeds of a modern nation whose name bears witness to its Roman past. Very special thanks to Alba Wolf, who contributed this story for the channel! A story from the Roman Empire, adapted from Cassius Dio's Roman History (Book 68), featuring: Trajan, emperor of Rome, and Decebalus, king of the Dacians --- CREDITS: Music by Scott Buckley Episode Thumbnail Images: Bust of a captive Dacian nobleman, once part of a statue in Trajan's Forum (2nd century AD) / Bust of Trajan (108 AD) / Scene from Trajan's Column celebrating the Dacian victories (113 AD) WDS Logo Image: Kylix with Apollo playing the lyre and pouring a libation: c. 470 BC, Delphi Archeological Museum --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

In popular culture, Nero is thought of as the Emperor who played the fiddle as Rome burned to the ground. Whilst this might not be strictly factual, it does hint towards another side of this infamous character. For this episode, Dr Shushma Malik returns to The Ancients to discuss Nero's interest and talents in the arts: in poetry, on stage and playing the kithara. Shushma shares the evidence provided by Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio to explore how commonplace these hobbies were, how Nero's performances were received and whether they can give us a deeper understanding of Nero's matricidal behaviour. Shushma is a lecturer at the University of Roehampton and the author of, 'The Nero-Antichrist: Founding and Fashioning a Paradigm'. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In 197 AD, the armies of Septimius Severus and Clodius Albinus met at Lugdunum, on the site of present day Lyon. If we believe the numbers given in Cassius Dio, this was the greatest and bloodiest clash between two Roman armies in history. 300,000 soldiers were present in total, according to Dio. The numbers are debated, but nevertheless the titanic scale of this clash in ancient history is clear to see. In this episode Tristan speaks to Dr Jonathan Eaton about the lead up to the battle, how Severus and Albinus went from friends to foes, and whether we can really call this the biggest battle in Roman history. Jonathan is Academic Registrar at Teeside University and author of ‘Leading The Roman Army: Soldiers and Emperors 31 BC - 235 AD’. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Roman Empire grew. Philosophy and the practical applications derived from great thinkers were no longer just to impress peers or mystify the commoners into passivity but to help humans do more. The focus on practical applications was clear. This isn't to say there weren't great Romans. We got Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Tacitus, Lucretius, Plotinus, Marcus Aurelius, one of my favorite Hypatia, and as Christianity spread we got the Cristian Philosophers in Rome such as Saint Augustine.  The Romans reached into new lands and those lands reached back, with attacks coming by the Goths, Germanic tribes, Vandals, and finally resulting in the sack of Rome. They had been weakened by an overreliance on slaves, overspending on military to fuel the constant expansion, government corruption due to a lack of control given the sheer size of the empire, and the need to outsource the military due to the fact that Roman citizens needed to run the empire. Rome would split in 285 and by the fourth century fell. Again, as empires fall new ones emerge. As the Classical Period ended in each area with the decline of the Roman Empire, we were plunged into the Middle Ages, which I was taught was the Dark Ages in school. But they weren't dark. Byzantine, the Eastern Roman Empire survived. The Franks founded Francia in northern Gaul. The Celtic Britons emerged. The Visigoths setup shop in Northern Spain. The Lombards in Northern Italy. The Slavs spread through Central and Eastern Europe and the Latin language splintered into the Romance languages.  And that spread involved Christianity, whose doctrine often classed with the ancient philosophies. And great thinkers weren't valued. Or so it seemed when I was taught about the Dark Ages. But words matter. The Prophet Muhammad was born in this period and Islamic doctrine spread rapidly throughout the Middle East. He united the tribes of Medina and established a Constitution in the sixth century. After years of war with Mecca, he later seized the land. He then went on to conquer the Arabian Peninsula, up into the lands of the Byzantines and Persians. With the tribes of Arabia united, Muslims would conquer the last remains of Byzantine Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia and take large areas of Persia.  This rapid expansion, as it had with the Greeks and Romans, led to new trade routes, and new ideas finding their way to the emerging Islamic empire. In the beginning they destroyed pagan idols but over time adapted Greek and Roman technology and thinking into their culture. They Brough maps, medicine, calculations, and agricultural implants. They learned paper making from the Chinese and built paper mills allowing for an explosion in books. Muslim scholars in Baghdad, often referred to as New Babylon given that it's only 60 miles away. They began translating some of the most important works from Greek and Latin and Islamic teachings encouraged the pursuit of knowledge at the time. Many a great work from the Greeks and Romans is preserved because of those translations.  And as with each empire before them, the Islamic philosophers and engineers built on the learning of the past. They used astrolabes in navigation, chemistry in ceramics and dyes, researched acids and alkalis. They brought knowledge from Pythagoras and Babylonians and studied lines and spaces and geometry and trigonometry, integrating them into art and architecture. Because Islamic law forbade dissections, they used the Greek texts to study medicine.   The technology and ideas of their predecessors helped them retain control throughout the Islamic Golden Age. The various Islamic empires spread East into China, down the African coast, into Russia, into parts of Greece, and even North into Spain where they ruled for 800 years. Some grew to control over 10 million square miles. They built fantastic clockworks, documented by al-Jazari in the waning days of the golden age. And the writings included references to influences in Greece and Rome, including the Book of Optics by Ibn Al-Haytham in the ninth century, which is heavily influenced by Ptolemy's book, Optics. But over time, empires weaken.  Throughout the Middle Ages, monarchs began to be deposed by rising merchant classes, or oligarchs. What the framers of the US Constitution sought to block with the way the government is structured. You can see this in the way the House of Lords had such power in England even after the move to a constitutional monarchy. And after the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia has moved more and more towards a rule by oligarchs first under Yeltsin and then under Putin. Because you see, we continue to re-learn the lessons learned by the Greeks. But differently. Kinda' like bell bottoms are different than all the other times they were cool each time they come back.  The names of European empires began to resemble what we know today: Wales, England, Scotland, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, Germany, and France were becoming dominant forces again. The Catholic Church was again on the rise as Rome practiced a new form of conquering the world. Two main religions were coming more and more in conflict for souls: Christianity and Islam. And so began the Crusades of the High Middle Ages. Crusaders brought home trophies. Many were books and scientific instruments. And then came the Great Famine followed quickly by the Black Death, which spread along with trade and science and knowledge along the Silk Road. Climate change and disease might sound familiar today. France and England went to war for a hundred years. Disruption in the global order again allows for new empires. Ghengis Khan built a horde of Mongols that over the next few generations spread through China, Korea, India, Georgia and the Caucasus, Russia, Central Asia and Persia, Hungary, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Baghdad, Syria, Poland, and even Thrace throughout the 11th to 13th centuries. Many great works were lost in the wars, although the Mongols often allowed their subjects to continue life as before, with a hefty tax of course. They would grow to control 24 million square kilometers before the empires became unmanageable.  This disruption caused various peoples to move and one was a Turkic tribe fleeing Central Asia that under Osman I in the 13th century. The Ottomon empire he founded would go Islamic and grow to include much of the former Islamic regime as they expanded out of Turkey, including Greece Northern Africa. Over time they would also invade and rule Greece and almost all the way north to Kiev, and south through the lands of the former Mesopotamian empires. While they didn't conquer the Arabian peninsula, ruled by other Islamic empires, they did conquer all the way to Basra in the South and took Damascus, Medina, and Mecca, and Jerusalem. Still, given the density of population in some cities they couldn't grow past the same amount of space controlled in the days of Alexander. But again, knowledge was transferred to and from Egypt, Greece, and the former Mesopotamian lands. And with each turnover to a new empire more of the great works were taken from these cradles of civilization but kept alive to evolve further.  And one way science and math and philosophy and the understanding of the universe evolved was to influence the coming Renaissance, which began in the late 13th century and spread along with Greek scholars fleeing the Ottoman Turks after the fall of Constantinople throughout the Italian city-states and into England, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, and Spain. Hellenism was on the move again. The works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Plato, and others heavily influenced the next wave of mathematicians, astronomers, philosophers, and scientists. Copernicus studied Aristotle. Leonardo Da Vinci gave us the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, the Vitruvian Man, Salvator Mundi, and Virgin of the Rocks. His works are amongst the most recognizable paintings of the Renaissance. But he was also a great inventor, sketching and perhaps building automata, parachutes, helicopters, tanks, and along the way putting optics, anatomy, hydrodynamics and engineering concepts in his notebooks. And his influences certainly included the Greeks and Romans, including the Roman physician Galen. Given that his notebooks weren't published they offer a snapshot in time rather than a heavy impact on the evolution of science - although his influence is often seen as a contribution to the scientific revolution.  Da Vinci, like many of his peers in the Renaissance, learned the great works of the Greeks and Romans. And they learned the teachings in the Bible. They they didn't just take the word of either and they studied nature directly. The next couple of generations of intellectuals included Galileo. Galileo, effectively as with Socrates and countless other thinkers that bucked the prevailing political or religious climate of the time, by writing down what he saw with his own eyeballs. He picked up where Copernicus left off and discovered the four moons of Jupiter and astronomers continued to espouse that the the sun revolved around the Earth Galileo continued to prove it was in fact suspended in space and map out the movement of the heavenly bodies.  Clockwork, which had been used in the Greek times, as proven with the Antikypthera device and mentions of Archytas's dove. Mo Zi and Lu Ban built flying birds. As the Greeks and then Romans fell, that automata as with philosophy and ideas moved to the Islamic world. The ability to build a gear with a number of teeth to perform a function had been building over time. As had ingenious ways to put rods and axles and attach differential gearing. Yi Xing, a Buddhist monk in the Tang Dynasty, would develop the escapement, along with Liang Lingzan in the seventeenths century and the practice spread through China and then spread from there. But now clockwork would get pendulums, springs, and Robert Hook would give us the escapement in 1700, making clocks accurate. And that brings us to the scientific revolution, when most of the stories in the history of computing really start to take shape. Thanks to great thinkers, philosophers, scientists, artists, engineers, and yes, merchants who could fund innovation and spread progress through formal and informal ties - the age of science is when too much began happening too rapidly to really be able to speak about it meaningfully. The great mathematics and engineering led to industrialization and further branches of knowledge and specializations - eventually including Boolean algebra and armed with thousands of years of slow and steady growth in mechanics and theory and optics and precision, we would get early mechanical computing beginning the much more quick migration out of the Industrial and into the Information Age. These explosions in technology allowed the British Empire to grow to control 34 million square kilometers of territory and the Russian empire to grow to control 17 million before each overextended. Since writing was developed, humanity has experienced a generation to generation passing of the torch of science, mathematics, and philosophy. From before the Bronze Age, ideas were sometimes independently perceived or sometimes spread through trade from the Chinese, Indian, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian civilizations (and others) through traders like the Phoenicians to the Greeks and Persians - then from the Greeks to the Romans and the Islamic empires during the dark ages then back to Europe during the Renaissance. And some of that went both ways.  Ultimately, who first introduced each innovation and who influenced whom cannot be pinpointed in a lot of cases. Greeks were often given more credit than they deserved because I think most of us have really fond memories of toga parties in college. But there were generations of people studying all the things and thinking through each field when their other Maslovian needs were met - and those evolving thoughts and philosophies were often attributed to one person rather than all the parties involved in the findings.  After World War II there was a Cold War - and one of the ways that manifested itself was a race to recruit the best scientists from the losing factions of that war, namely Nazi scientists. Some died while trying to be taken to a better new life, as Archimedes had died when the Romans tried to make him an asset. For better or worse, world powers know they need the scientists if they're gonna' science - and that you gotta' science to stay in power. When the masses start to doubt science, they're probably gonna' burn the Library of Alexandria, poison Socrates, exile Galileo for proving the planets revolve around Suns and have their own moons that revolve around them, rather than the stars all revolving around the Earth. There wasn't necessarily a dark age - but given what the Greeks and Romans and Chinese thinkers knew and the substantial slowdown in those in between periods of great learning, the Renaissance and Enlightenment could have actually come much sooner. Think about that next time you hear people denying science.  To research this section, I read and took copious notes from the following and apologize that each passage is not credited specifically but it would just look like a regular expressions if I tried: The Evolution of Technology by George Basalla. Civilizations by Filipe Fernández-Armesto, A Short History of Technology: From The Earliest Times to AD 1900 from TK Derry and Trevor I Williams, Communication in History Technology, Culture, Leonardo da vinci by Walter Isaacson, Society from David Crowley and Paul Heyer, Timelines in Science, by the Smithsonian, Wheels, Clocks, and Rockets: A History of Technology by Donald Cardwell, a few PhD dissertations and post-doctoral studies from journals, and then I got to the point where I wanted the information from as close to the sources as I could get so I went through Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences from Galileo Galilei, Mediations from Marcus Aurelius, Pneumatics from Philo of Byzantium, The Laws of Thought by George Boole, Natural History from Pliny The Elder, Cassius Dio's Roman History, Annals from Tacitus, Orations by Cicero, Ethics, Rhetoric, Metaphysics, and Politics by Aristotle, Plato's Symposium and The Trial & Execution of Socrates. For a running list of all books used in this podcast see the GitHub page at https://github.com/krypted/TheHistoryOfComputingPodcast/blob/master/Books.md 

Science in antiquity was at times devised to be useful and at other times to prove to the people that the gods looked favorably on the ruling class. Greek philosophers tell us a lot about how the ancient world developed. Or at least, they tell us a Western history of antiquity. Humanity began working with bronze some 7,000 years ago and the Bronze Age came in force in the centuries leading up to 3,000 BCE. By then there were city-states and empires. The Mesopotamians brought us the wheel in around 3500 BCE, and the chariot by 3200 BCE. Writing formed in Sumeria, a city state of Mesopotamia, in 3000 BCE. Urbanization required larger cities and walls to keep out invaders. King Gilgamesh built huge walls. They used a base 60 system to track time, giving us the 60 seconds and 60 minutes to get to an hour. That sexagesimal system also gave us the 360 degrees in a circle. They plowed fields and sailed. And sailing led to maps, which they had by 2300 BCE. And they gave us the Epic, with the Epic of Gilgamesh which could be old as 2100 BCE. At this point, the Egyptian empire had grown to 150,000 square kilometers and the Sumerians controlled around 20,000 square kilometers. Throughout, they grew a great trading empire. They traded with China, India and Egypt with some routes dating back to the fourth millennia BCE. And commerce and trade means the spread of not only goods but also ideas and knowledge. The earliest known writing of complete sentences in Egypt came to Egypt a few hundred years after it did in Mesopotamia, as the Early Dynastic period ended and the Old Kingdom, or the Age of the Pyramids. Perhaps over a trade route.  The ancient Egyptians used numerals, multiplications, fractions, geometry, architecture, algebra, and even quadratic equations. Even having a documented base 10 numbering system on a tomb from 3200 BCE. We also have the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, which includes geometry problems, the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll, which covers how to add fractions, the Berlin Papyrus with geometry, the Lahun Papyri with arithmetical progressions to calculate the volume of granaries, the Akhmim tablets, the Reisner Papyrus, and the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, which covers algebra and geometry. And there's the Cairo Calendar, an ancient Egyptian papyrus from around 1200 BCE with detailed astronomical observations. Because the Nile flooded, bringing critical crops to Egypt. The Mesopotamians traded with China as well. As the Shang dynasty from the 16th to 11th centuries BCE gave way to the Zhou Dynasty, which went from the 11th to 3rd centuries BCE and the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age, science was spreading throughout the world. The I Ching is one of the oldest Chinese works showing math, dating back to the Zhou Dynasty, possibly as old as 1000 BCE. This was also when the Hundred Schools of Thought began, which Conscious inherited around the 5th century BCE. Along the way the Chinese gave us the sundial, abacus, and crossbow. And again, the Bronze Age signaled trade empires that were spreading ideas and texts from the Near East to Asia to Europe and Africa and back again. For a couple thousand years the transfer of spices, textiles and precious metals fueled the Bronze Age empires.  Along the way the Minoan civilization in modern Greece had been slowly rising out of the Cycladic culture. Minoan artifacts have been found in Canaanite palaces and as they grew they colonized and traded. They began a decline around 1500 BCE, likely due to a combination of raiders and volcanic eruptions. The crash of the Minoan civilization gave way to the Myceneaen civilization of early Greece.  Competition for resources and land in these growing empires helped to trigger wars.  Those in turn caused violence over those resources. Around 1250 BCE, Thebes burned and attacks against city states cities increased, sometimes by emerging empires of previously disassociated tribes (as would happen later with the Vikings) and sometimes by other city-states.  This triggered the collapse of Mycenaen Greece, the splintering of the Hittites, the fall of Troy, the absorption of the Sumerian culture into Babylon, and attacks that weakened the Egyptian New Kingdom. Weakened and disintegrating empires leave room for new players. The Iranian tribes emerged to form the Median empire in today's Iran. The Assyrians and Scythians rose to power and the world moved into the Iron age. And the Greeks fell into the Greek Dark Ages until they slowly clawed their way out of it in the 8th century BCE. Around this time Babylonian astronomers, in the capital of Mesopomania, were making astronomical diaries, some of which are now stored in the British Museum.  Greek and Mesopotamian societies weren't the only ones flourishing. The Indus Valley Civilization had blossomed from 2500 to 1800 BCE only to go into a dark age of its own. Boasting 5 million people across 1,500 cities, with some of the larger cities reaching 40,000 people - about the same size as Mesopotamian cities. About two thirds are in modern day India and a third in modern Pakistan, an empire that stretched across 120,000 square kilometers. As the Babylonian control of the Mesopotamian city states broke up, the Assyrians began their own campaigns and conquered Persia, parts of Ancient Greece, down to Ethiopia, Israel, the Ethiopia, and Babylon. As their empire grew, they followed into the Indus Valley, which Mesopotamians had been trading with for centuries.  What we think of as modern Pakistan and India is where Medhatithi Gautama founded the anviksiki school of logic in the 6th century BCE. And so the modern sciences of philosophy and logic were born. As mentioned, we'd had math in the Bronze Age. The Egyptians couldn't have built pyramids and mapped the stars without it. Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar couldn't have built the Mesopotamian cities and walls and laws without it. But something new was coming as the Bronze Age began to give way to the Iron Age. The Indians brought us the first origin of logic, which would morph into an almost Boolean logic as Pāṇini codified Sanskrit grammar linguistics and syntax. Almost like a nearly 4,000 verse manual on programming languages. Panini even mentions Greeks in his writings. Because they apparently had contact going back to the sixth century BCE, when Greek philosophy was about to get started. The Neo-Assyrian empire grew to 1.4 million square kilometers of control and the Achaeminid empire grew to control nearly 5 million square miles.  The Phoenicians arose out of the crash of the Late Bronze Age, becoming important traders between the former Mesopotamian city states and Egyptians. As her people settled lands and Greek city states colonized lands, one became the Greek philosopher Thales, who documented the use of loadstones going back to 600 BCE when they were able to use magnetite which gets its name from the Magnesia region of Thessaly, Greece. He is known as the first philosopher and in the time of Socrates even had become one of the Seven Sages which included according to Socrates. “Thales of Miletus, and Pittacus of Mytilene, and Bias of Priene, and our own Solon, and Cleobulus of Lindus, and Myson of Chenae, and the seventh of them was said to be Chilon of Sparta.”  Many of the fifth and sixth century Greek philosophers were actually born in colonies on the western coast of what is now Turkey. Thales's theorum is said to have originated in India or Babylon. But as we see a lot in the times that followed, it is credited to Thales. Given the trading empires they were all a part of though, they certainly could have brought these ideas back from previous generations of unnamed thinkers. I like to think of him as the synthesizers that Daniel Pink refers to so often in his book A Whole New Mind.  Thales studied in Babylon and Egypt, bringing thoughts, ideas, and perhaps intermingled them with those coming in from other areas as the Greeks settled colonies in other lands. Given how critical astrology was to the agricultural societies, this meant bringing astronomy, math to help with the architecture of the Pharoes, new ways to use calendars, likely adopted through the Sumerians, coinage through trade with the Lydians and then Persians when they conquered the Lydians, Babylon, and the Median. So Thales taught Anaximander who taught Pythagoras of Samos, born a few decades later in 570 BCE. He studied in Egypt as well. Most of us would know the Pythagorean theorem which he's credited for, although there is evidence that predated him from Egypt. Whether new to the emerging Greek world or new to the world writ large, his contributions were far beyond that, though. They included a new student oriented way of life, numerology, the idea that the world is round, numerology, applying math to music and applying music to lifestyle, and an entire school of philosophers emerged from his teachings to spread Pythagoreanism. And the generations of philosophers that followed devised both important philosophical contributions and practical applications of new ideas in engineering. The ensuing schools of philosophy that rose out of those early Greeks spread. By 508 BCE, the Greeks gave us Democracy. And oligarchy, defined as a government where a small group of people have control over a country. Many of these words, in fact, come from Greek forms. As does the month of May, names for symbols and theories in much of the math we use, and many a constellation. That tradition began with the sages but grew, being spread by trade, by need, and by religious houses seeking to use engineering as a form of subjugation.  Philosophy wasn't exclusive to the Greeks or Indians, or to Assyria and then Persia through conquering the lands and establishing trade. Buddha came out of modern India in the 5th to 4th century BCE around the same time Confucianism was born from Confucious in China. And Mohism from Mo Di. Again, trade and the spread of ideas. However, there's no indication that they knew of each other or that Confucious could have competed with the other 100 schools of thought alive and thriving in China. Nor that Buddhism would begin spreading out of the region for awhile. But some cultures were spreading rapidly. The spread of Greek philosophy reached a zenith in Athens. Thales' pupil Anaximander also taught Anaximenes, the third philosopher of the Milesian school which is often included with the Ionians. The thing I love about those three, beginning with Thales is that they were able to evolve the school of thought without rejecting the philosophies before them. Because ultimately they knew they were simply devising theories as yet to be proven. Another Ionian was Anaxagoras, who after serving in the Persian army, which ultimately conquered Ionia in 547 BCE. As a Greek citizen living in what was then Persia, Anaxagoras moved to Athens in 480 BCE, teaching Archelaus and either directly or indirectly through him Socrates. This provides a link, albeit not a direct link, from the philosophy and science of the Phoenicians, Babylonians, and Egyptians through Thales and others, to Socrates.   Socrates was born in 470 BCE and mentions several influences including Anaxagoras. Socrates spawned a level of intellectualism that would go on to have as large an impact on what we now call Western philosophy as anyone in the world ever has. And given that we have no writings from him, we have to take the word of his students to know his works. He gave us the Socratic method and his own spin on satire, which ultimately got him executed for effectively being critical of the ruling elite in Athens and for calling democracy into question, corrupting young Athenian students in the process.  You see, in his life, the Athenians lost the Peloponnesian War to Sparta - and as societies often do when they hit a speed bump, they started to listen to those who call intellectuals or scientists into question. That would be Socrates for questioning Democracy, and many an Athenian for using Socrates as a scape goat.  One student of Socrates, Critias, would go on to lead a group called the Thirty Tyrants, who would terrorize Athenians and take over the government for awhile. They would establish an oligarchy and appoint their own ruling class. As with many coups against democracy over the millennia they were ultimately found corrupt and removed from power. But the end of that democratic experiment in Greece was coming. Socrates also taught other great philosophers, including Xenophon, Antisthenes, Aristippus, and Alcibiades. But the greatest of his pupils was Plato. Plato was as much a scientist as a philosopher. He had works of Pythagoras, studied the Libyan Theodorus. He codified a theory of Ideas, in Forms. He used as examples, the Pythagorean theorem and geometry. He wrote a lot of the dialogues with Socrates and codified ethics, and wrote of a working, protective, and governing class, looking to produce philosopher kings. He wrote about the dialectic, using questions, reasoning and intuition. He wrote of art and poetry and epistemology. His impact was vast. He would teach mathemetics to Eudoxus, who in turn taught Euclid. But one of his greatest contributions the evolution of philosophy, science, and technology was in teaching Aristotle.  Aristotle was born in 384 BCE and founded a school of philosophy called the Lyceum. He wrote about rhetoric, music, poetry, and theater - as one would expect given the connection to Socrates, but also expanded far past Plato, getting into physics, biology, and metaphysics. But he had a direct impact on the world at the time with his writings on economics politics,  He inherited a confluence of great achievements, describing motion, defining the five elements, writing about a camera obscure and researching optics. He wrote about astronomy and geology, observing both theory and fact, such as ways to predict volcanic eruptions. He made observations that would be proven (or sometimes disproven) such as with modern genomics. He began a classification of living things. His work “On the Soul” is one of the earliest looks at psychology. His study of ethics wasn't as theoretical as Socrates' but practical, teaching virtue and how that leads to wisdom to become a greater thinker.  He wrote of economics. He writes of taxes, managing cities, and property. And this is where he's speaking almost directly to one of his most impressive students, Alexander the Great. Philip the second of Macedon hired Plato to tutor Alexander starting in 343. Nine years later, when Alexander inherited his throne, he was armed with arguably the best education in the world combined with one of the best trained armies in history. This allowed him to defeat Darius in 334 BCE, the first of 10 years worth of campaigns that finally gave him control in 323 BCE. In that time, he conquered Egypt, which had been under Persian rule on and off and founded Alexandria. And so what the Egyptians had given to Greece had come home. Alexander died in 323 BCE. He followed the path set out by philosophers before him. Like Thales, he visited Babylon and Egypt. But he went a step further and conquered them. This gave the Greeks more ancient texts to learn from but also more people who could become philosophers and more people with time to think through problems.  By the time he was done, the Greeks controlled nearly 5 million square miles of territory. This would be the largest empire until after the Romans. But Alexander never truly ruled. He conquered. Some of his generals and other Greek aristocrats, now referred to as the Diadochi, split up the young, new empire. You see, while teaching Alexander, Aristotle had taught two other future kings : Ptolemy I Soter and Cassander.  Cassander would rule Macedonia and Ptolemy ruled Egypt from Alexandria, who with other Greek philosophers founded the Library of Alexandria. Ptolemy and his son amassed 100s of thousands of scrolls in the Library from 331 BC and on. The Library was part of a great campus of the Musaeum where they also supported great minds starting with Ptolemy I's patronage of Euclid, the father of geometry, and later including Archimedes, the father of engineering, Hipparchus, the founder of trigonometry, Her, the father of math, and Herophilus, who codified the scientific method and countless other great hellenistic thinkers.  The Roman Empire had begin in the 6th century BCE. By the third century BCE they were expanding out of the Italian peninsula. This was the end of Greek expansion and as Rome conquered the Greek colonies signified the waning of Greek philosophy. Philosophy that helped build Rome both from a period of colonization and then spreading Democracy to the young republic with the kings, or rex, being elected by the senate and by 509 BCE the rise of the consuls.  After studying at the Library of Alexandria, Archimedes returned home to start his great works, full of ideas having been exposed to so many works. He did rudimentary calculus, proved geometrical theories, approximated pi, explained levers, founded statics and hydrostatics. And his work extended into the practical. He built machines, pulleys, the infamous Archimedes' screw pump, and supposedly even a deathly heat ray of lenses that could burn ships in seconds. He was sadly killed by Roman soldiers when Syracuse was taken. But, and this is indicative of how Romans pulled in Greek know-how, the Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus was angry that he lost an asset, who could have benefited his war campaigns. In fact, Cicero, who was born in the first century BCE mentioned Archimedes built mechanical devices that could show the motions of the planetary bodies. He claimed Thales had designed these and that Marcellus had taken one as his only personal loot from Syracuse and donated it to the Temple of Virtue in Rome.  The math, astronomy, and physics that go into building a machine like that was the culmination of hundreds, if not thousands of years of building knowledge of the Cosmos, machinery, mathematics, and philosophy. Machines like that would have been the first known computers. Machines like the first or second century Antikythera mechanism, discovered in 1902 in a shipwreck in Greece. Initially thought to be a one-off, the device is more likely to represent the culmination of generations of great thinkers and doers. Generations that came to look to the Library of Alexandria as almost a Mecca. Until they didn't.  The splintering of the lands Alexander conquered, the cost of the campaigns, the attacks from other empires, and the rise of the Roman Empire ended the age of Greek Enlightenment. As is often the case when there is political turmoil and those seeking power hate being challenged by the intellectuals, as had happened with Socrates and philosophers in Athens at the time, Ptolemy VIII caused The Library of Alexandria to enter into a slow decline that began with the expulsion of intellectuals from Alexandria in 145BC. This began a slow decline of the library until it burned, first with a small fire accidentally set by Caesar in 48 BCE and then for good in the 270s.  But before the great library was gone for good, it would produce even more great engineers. Heron of Alexandria is one of the greatest. He created vending machines that would dispense holy water when you dropped a coin in it. He made small mechanical archers, models of dancers, and even a statue of a horse that could supposedly drink water. He gave us early steam engines two thousand years before the industrial revolution and ran experiments in optics. He gave us Heron's forumula and an entire book on mechanics, codifying the known works on automation at the time. In fact, he designed a programmable cart using strings wrapped around an axle, powered by falling weights.  Claudius Ptolemy came to the empire from their holdings in Egypt, living in the first century. He wrote about harmonics, math, astronomy, computed the distance of the sun to the earth and also computed positions of the planets and eclipses, summarizing them into more simplistic tables. He revolutionized map making and the properties of light. By then, Romans had emerged as the first true world power and so the Classical Age. To research this section, I read and took copious notes from the following and apologize that each passage is not credited specifically but it would just look like a regular expressions if I tried: The Evolution of Technology by George Basalla. Civilizations by Filipe Fernández-Armesto, A Short History of Technology: From The Earliest Times to AD 1900 from TK Derry and Trevor I Williams, Communication in History Technology, Culture, Leonardo da vinci by Walter Isaacson, Society from David Crowley and Paul Heyer, Timelines in Science, by the Smithsonian, Wheels, Clocks, and Rockets: A History of Technology by Donald Cardwell, a few PhD dissertations and post-doctoral studies from journals, and then I got to the point where I wanted the information from as close to the sources as I could get so I went through Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences from Galileo Galilei, Mediations from Marcus Aurelius, Pneumatics from Philo of Byzantium, The Laws of Thought by George Boole, Natural History from Pliny The Elder, Cassius Dio's Roman History, Annals from Tacitus, Orations by Cicero, Ethics, Rhetoric, Metaphysics, and Politics by Aristotle, Plato's Symposium and The Trial & Execution of Socrates.

Neste Pod of Wars, Alexandre Bonfá (Derivado Cast), Daniel "Bull" Ibarra e Glenio "Mack" Madruga conversam sobre inspirações e referências históricas, além dos pontos fortes e fracos dessa série alemã que traz um pouco de antiguidade pelo ponto de vista que quem estava pra lá do Reno. Episódios comentados: PHM #67 - Batalha da Floresta de Teutoburgo: https://youtu.be/ctZvUxAcAjo Bibliografia complementar: Livros de Hans Delbruck: https://amzn.to/2KvwfWc The Battle That Stopped Rome: https://amzn.to/2YM2uZZ Obras de Tacitus: https://amzn.to/2YKSaBN Obras de Cassius Dio: https://amzn.to/31Eo281 Sugestão paralela - O Anel do Nibelungo: https://amzn.to/2UrAnuO Não é sobre Teutoburgo, mas é uma versão em HQ da ópera de Wagner que dá um parâmetro da releitura de contos germânicos antigos pela perspectiva do Romantismo alemão do século 19. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/clubedosgenerais/message

Two history graduates discuss the life of Boudica, Queen of the Iceni. Boudica was the Queen of a Celtic tribe called the Iceni, in what is now called Norfolk. Her story begins in 60-61AD, and ends with war and poison. Infamous as the ginger-haired warrior who burned down London, her story has lasted throughout the centuries, due to Tacitus and Cassius Dio immortalising and mythologising her story. As is the theme with this podcast, in this episode we find out the true story behind the fearsome facade, and learn about the woman who wanted to avenge the atrocities enacted on her daughters, and her people, by the tyrannical Roman occupation. Presented by: Bridget Lindh and Samira NicholsonIntro music: stantough - www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNm3Ggv01NsIG: @coldteahotgossURL: www.coldteahotgoss.comemail: coldteahotgoss@gmail.comSources History Clips: The Romans – ‘Boudicca’ | BBC Sounds (drama) - https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p025lxd5 E2: ‘Boudica’ | You’re Dead to Me | Presented by Greg Jenner, Sarah Pascoe and Emma Southon (podcast) ‘Boudicca – Queen of Britain’ by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica | Encyclopaedia Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boudicca ‘Boudicca & The Great British Rebellion (60/61 AD) // History Documentary’ by History Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3Hq6UaFQqk ‘Tacitus on Boudicca's Revolt’ by Joshua J. Mark | Ancient History Encyclopaedia - https://www.ancient.eu/article/100/tacitus-on-boudiccas-revolt/

Were you ever told that the best thing to do with a bully is to ignore them? Yeah, that’s worthy of an eye roll. There are so many better ways to deal with a bully, like burning them and their kin alive!*At least, that’s what Celtic warrior queen allegedly Boudicca did. This lioness got knocked down by the Romans (boo HISS) but in the words of Chumbawumba - she got back up again. And hoooooo boy - the Romans really wish she hadn’t.Tune in to hear about our gal Boudicca, the origins of chain-mail and fearsome centaurs. This is not one to miss.*Fierce Females of History does not advocate burning people alive, and have you thought about calmly discussing with your bully why their behaviour is inappropriate and how you will be forced to escalate this through the official channels if they don’t back the eff up? That's not very 'Boudicca', we know, but it also won't result in a prison sentence.About this podcast: Fierce Females of History is a dive into the stories of awesome women through history you should know about. A quick disclaimer: we’re journalists, not historians, but we do love our history. Tune in every week as one of our three hosts shares the story of one woman. Hosts: Talissa Bazaz (@talissabazaz)Erin Ramsay (@erin_ramsay)Lucy Dean (@lucyintheskywithcarbon)Follow us: Fierce Females of History is on Instagram: @fiercefemalespodcastGet in touch:Want to discuss history, wine, the Hulk’s penis or geese? Drop us a line here: fiercefemalesofhistory@gmail.comTheme music: Get Lo - LynneMusichttps://www.neosounds.com/songs/15504Here’s more about Boudicca:https://www.ancient.eu/article/100/tacitus-on-boudiccas-revolt/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G01vm9MVa4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NEpFZihzj0&t=936shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xxUc3T1_Ashttps://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/competition/2015/may/20/jk-rowling-harry-potter-kings-cross-competitionhttps://www.history.com/news/who-was-boudicaTacitus, The Annals, 14.31^ Cassius Dio, Roman History, 62.2^ Jump up to:a b c Tacitus, Publius, Cornelius, The Annals, Book 14, Chapter 35https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/craic/lessons-about-equality-from-ancient-irish-women-more-relevant-than-ever-today#:~:text=Boudicca%20was%20the%20female%20leader,his%20holdings%20after%20his%20death.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dio-Cassiushttps://amysmartgirls.com/boudicca-meet-the-warrior-queen-who-challenged-rome-cb7df8311246https://londonist.com/2016/08/is-boudica-buried-in-londonhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/iron-age-celtic-woman-was-buried-hollowed-out-tree-trunk-180972773/https://biographics.org/boudicca-biography-the-celtic-warrior-queen/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Agrippina the Younger (AD 15 - 59) was one of the most prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Born during a time of radical political change in the Roman Empire, she had a very powerful pedigree. Great granddaughter of Augustus. Niece of Tiberius. Daughter of Germanicus. Sister of Caligula. She was also a wife of the Emperor Claudius and the mother of the infamous Nero. Today she is remembered as one of the most notorious women of ancient Roman history, thanks largely to her negative portrayal in the works of Cassius Dio, Suetonius and Tacitus. But how much of what they say is true? Joining me to help sort the fact from the fiction is Carey Fleiner, Senior lecturer in Classical Roman History at the University of Winchester. A brilliant communicator, Carey convincingly explains how the material record reveals a very different Agrippina to the infamous power-hungry murderess depicted by Roman writers. This was a fantastic chat and it was great to have her on the show to chat all things Agrippina. A couple of clarifications from parts of the interview:Agrippina was 22 when she gave birth to Nero.Suetonius included the remark 'I have swords as well as islands'Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus was the name of Agrippina's second husband. He had been prominent during the reign of Tiberius (not Julius Caesar) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Never look at a solar eclipse. Unless you're wearing badass solar eclipse glasses and taking cool photos. Night Sky Pix sent us an article about photographing the upcoming solar eclipse, and it's so in depth we'll need to get it back from the Challenger Deep. So, if you live in the right places, get your camera and your solar filters and get snapping.SimRefinery is the least well known Sim game of all time. That's because Maxis never actually finished it and it's been sitting in a box for decades. But now it's been temporarily released on Archive.org and around 20 000 people have downloaded it. SimRefinery was a training simulation commissioned by Chevron and designed to help introduce refinery workers and company staff learn about the operations of their facilities.DJ is cautiously excited about Promised Neverland, an Amazon live action remake of the anime with the same name. A knock off version of the Eloi from The Time Machine find out what they're being kept for and try to escape. Don't get your hopes up though, what are the chances someone will actually make a good live action anime adaptation?This week, Professor tries to drive across America in Overland and DJ takes a time machine to a medieval battle royale.Upcoming annual Solar eclipse and how to take photos of it- https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/2020-june-21- https://nightskypix.com/how-to-photograph-a-solar-eclipse/Unreleased SimRefinery prototype from the shadows of history-https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2020/06/a-lost-maxis-sim-game-has-been-discovered-by-an-ars-reader-uploaded-for-all/- https://obscuritory.com/sim/when-simcity-got-serious/Promised Neverland now a live action series on Amazon-https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/promised-neverland-live-action-series-in-development-at-amazon-1234629626/Games PlayedProfessor– Overland – https://store.steampowered.com/app/355680/Overland/Rating: 3.5/5DJ– Shadow Arena – https://store.steampowered.com/app/1226470/Shadow_Arena/Rating: 3/5Other topics discussedSimpsons Solar Eclipse!! from the episode Gone Maggie Gone (Marge takes a peek at the solar eclipse, which blinds her)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sE0haQuvp0Pinhole Camera (A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole) – effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side.Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura effect.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_cameraCamera Obscura (Camera obscura (plural camerae obscurae or camera obscuras, from Latin camera obscūra, “dark chamber”), also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or, for instance, a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen as a reversed and inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscuraDisposable Camera (A disposable or single-use camera is a simple box camera meant to be used once. Most use fixed-focus lenses. Some are equipped with an integrated flash unit, and there are even waterproof versions for underwater photography.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disposable_camera4–5 July 2020 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse (The Moon may turn slightly darker than a usual Full Moon for those in much of North and South America, and Africa during the maximum phase of this penumbral lunar eclipse.)- https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2020-july-5SimRefinery (SimRefinery was a computer management simulation game designed to simulate Chevron's Richmond refinery operation. It was developed by the Maxis Business Simulations division of Maxis in 1993.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimRefineryInternet Archive (The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books. In addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating a free and open Internet.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_ArchiveOpenTTD (OpenTTD is a business simulation game in which players try to earn money via transporting passengers and freight by road, rail, water and air. It is an open-source remake and expansion of the 1994 Chris Sawyer video game Transport Tycoon Deluxe.- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenTTD- https://www.openttd.org/Days of Thunder (Days of Thunder is a 1990NASCAR racing simulation video game loosely based on the 1990 movie Days of Thunder. Oberth's version was recovered from floppy discs in 2020 after his death by the Video Game History Foundation and its source code was made available in June 2020 with permission of Oberth's estate.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Thunder_(1990_video_game)- https://gamehistory.org/days-of-thunder-nes-unreleased/A Super Mario 64 decompilation- https://github.com/n64decomp/sm64Maxis (Maxis is an American video game developer and a division of Electronic Arts (EA). The studio was founded in 1987 by Will Wright and Jeff Braun, and acquired by EA in 1997. Maxis is best known for its simulation games, including The Sims, Spore and SimCity.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaxisSpore (Spore is a 2008 life simulation real-time strategy God game developed by Maxis, published by Electronic Arts and designed by Will Wright, and was released for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore_(2008_video_game)The Office (American TV Series) (The Office is an American mockumentary sitcom television series that depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. It is an adaptation of the 2001-2003 BBC series of the same name, being adapted for American television by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Office_(American_TV_series)Red Dwarf (American version) (a pilot episode for an American version (known as Red Dwarf USA) was produced through Universal Studios with the intention of broadcasting on NBC in 1992.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Dwarf#U.S._versionThe I.T. Crowd (American version) (An American version of The IT Crowd was almost aired by NBC in 2007–08. It starred Richard Ayoade reprising his role as Moss, with Joel McHale as Roy, Jessica St. Clair as Jen and Rocky Carroll as Denholm. A third attempt at an NBC remake was confirmed in January 2018.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_IT_Crowd#American_versionsNetflix’s live-action adaptation of Cowboy Bebop will tone down Faye’s revealing costume from the anime.-https://screenrant.com/live-action-cowboy-bebop-show-faye-costume-changes/A Quiet Place (A Quiet Place is a 2018 American post-apocalypticscience fiction horror film co-written, directed by and starring John Krasinski. Written by Bryan Woods, Scott Beck and Krasinski, the plot revolves around a father (Krasinski) and a mother (Emily Blunt) who struggle to survive and raise their children in apost-apocalyptic world inhabited by blind extraterrestrial creatures with an acute sense of hearing.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Quiet_Place_(film)Arachnids (Starship Troopers monster) (The Arachnids (more commonly known as Bugs, and Archies) are a hostile alien species that have conquered many planets across space.)- https://starshiptroopers.fandom.com/wiki/ArachnidNicholas Cage (Nicolas Kim Coppola, known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and filmmaker. To avoid the appearance of nepotism as Coppola's nephew, he changed his name early in his career to Nicolas Cage, inspired in part by the Marvel Comics superhero Luke Cage.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_CageLuna Park Sydney (Luna Park Sydney is a heritage-listed amusement park located at 1 Olympic Drive, Milsons Point, North Sydney Council, New South Wales, Australia, on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour. The amusement park is owned by the Luna Park Reserve Trust, an agency of the Government of New South Wales, and was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 5 March 2010.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_Park_SydneyLuna Park Ghost Train and the legend of the Devil-Horned Man-https://cdn.mamamia.com.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/19135844/luna-park-feature.jpg- https://www.mamamia.com.au/luna-park-ghost-train/XR SEQ Podcast (TNC Podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/xrseqpodcastShout Outs9 June 1909 – Alice Huyler Ramsey, 22-year-old housewife from Hackensack, New Jersey, becomes the 1st woman to drive across the US, in a Maxwell 30, drives 3,800 miles from Manhattan to San Francisco in 59 days - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Huyler_Ramsey#Transcontinental_driveOn June 9, 1909, Alice Huyler Ramsey 22-year-old housewife and mother began a 3,800-mile journey from Hell Gate in Manhattan, New York, to San Francisco, California, in a green, four-cylinder, 30-horsepower Maxwell DA. On her 59-day trek she was accompanied by two older sisters-in-law and 19 year-old friend Hermine Jahns, none of whom could drive a car. They arrived amid great fanfare on August 7, although about three weeks later than originally planned. The group of women used maps from the American Automobile Association to make the journey. Only 152 of the 3,600 miles (244 of the 5,767 kilometers) that the group traveled were paved. Over the course of the drive, Ramsey changed 11 tires, cleaned the spark plugs, repaired a broken brake pedal and had to sleep in the car when it was stuck in mud. The women mostly navigated by using telephone poles, following the poles with more wires in hopes that they would lead to a town. Along the way, they crossed the trail of a manhunt for a killer in Nebraska, Ramsey received a case of bedbugs from a Wyoming hotel, and in Nevada they were surrounded by a Native American hunting party with bows and arrows drawn. Ramsey was named the "Woman Motorist of the Century" by AAA in 1960.9 June 2020 – Kathy Sullivan first American woman to walk in space has become the first woman to reach the deepest known spot in the ocean - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/science/challenger-deep-kathy-sullivan-astronaut.htmlOn Sunday, Kathy Sullivan, 68, an astronaut and oceanographer, emerged from her 35,810-foot dive to the Challenger Deep, according to EYOS Expeditions, a company coordinating the logistics of the mission. This also makes Dr. Sullivan the first person to both walk in space and to descend to the deepest point in the ocean. The Challenger Deep is the lowest of the many seabed recesses that crisscross the globe. Dr. Sullivan and Victor L. Vescovo, an explorer funding the mission, spent about an hour and a half at their destination, nearly seven miles down in a muddy depression in the Mariana Trench, which is about 200 miles southwest of Guam. “As a hybrid oceanographer and astronaut this was an extraordinary day, a once in a lifetime day, seeing the moonscape of the Challenger Deep and then comparing notes with my colleagues on the ISS about our remarkable reusable inner-space outer-spacecraft,” Dr. Sullivan said in a statement released by EYOS Expeditions on Monday.11 June 2020 – Mel Winkler passes away at 78 - https://deadline.com/2020/06/mel-winkler-dead-obituary-oswald-new-batman-adventures-actor-doc-hollywood-1202956911/Mel Winkler, a character actor with numerous TV, film and stage credits as well as being a recognizable voice behind characters on the animated series. Winkler appeared in such films as Doc Hollywood and Devil in a Blue Dress . After a 1969 stint on daytime’s The Doctors, he appeared steadily in episodic TV roles from the 1970s through the early 2000s, including such series as The Cosby Show, The Young Riders, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Star Trek: Voyager, Touched by an Angel, NYPD Blue and The Shield. As a voice actor, he was best known as the voice of the guardian mask Aku Aku in the Crash Bandicoot series, Lucius Fox in The New Batman Adventures and Johnny Snowman in the TV seriesOswald. He passed away in his sleep at his home in Los Angeles, California.11 June 2020 – Queen Elizabeth dials in to first official video call to chat to UK’s carers - https://metro.co.uk/2020/06/11/queen-dials-first-official-video-call-chat-uks-carers-12837809/The Queen has become the latest person to get into the lockdown trend of group video chats, after she made her first official public-facing conference call. Sat comfortably from the Oak Room in Windsor Castle, the 94-year-old monarch dialled in to chat to four carers about the difficulties they have faced during the coronavirus pandemic. The monarch – dressed in a floral dress and pearls – was also joined by her daughter Princess Anne, in the call on June 4 to mark Carers Week. In a video shared by the Royal Family’s Twitter account, the Queen praises the carers and chief executive of the Carers Trust, Gareth Howells, for their ‘extraordinary’ efforts. She can be heard saying: ‘I’m very impressed by what you have achieved already. I’m very glad to have been able to join you today.’ It was a first for the Queen’s long reign and she was the last to join the call and first to leave – a formal etiquette of royal engagements that Buckingham Palace decided to preserve. One carer on the call said it was ‘surreal’ to be sitting in her bedroom while talking to two Royals on a video call.Remembrances9 June 68 AD – Nero - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeroNero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus was Roman emperor from 54 to 68, the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius and became Claudius' heir and successor. Like Claudius, Nero became emperor with the consent of the Praetorian Guard. Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, dominated Nero's early life and decisions until he cast her off and had her killed five years into his reign. Nero's rule is usually associated with tyranny and extravagance. Most Roman sources, such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio, offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign; Tacitus claims that the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Suetonius tells that many Romans believed that the Great Fire of Rome was instigated by Nero to clear the way for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. According to Tacitus he was said to have seized Christians as scapegoats for the fire and burned them alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice but by personal cruelty. There is evidence of his popularity among the Roman commoners, especially in the eastern provinces of the Empire, where a popular legend arose that Nero had not died and would return. At least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as "Nero reborn" to enlist popular support. He died from suicide outside Rome at the age of 30 with his final words “Too late! This is fidelity!”9 June 1959 – Adolf Windaus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_WindausAdolf Otto Reinhold Windaus, German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt who also won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939. Throughout his life, Windaus won many awards including the Goethe Medal, the Pasteur Medal, and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In addition to his many accomplishments and discoveries in science, Windaus was also one of the very few German chemists who did not work with the Nazis and openly opposed their regime. As the head of the chemical institute at the University of Göttingen, Windaus personally defended one of his Jewish graduate students from dismissal. Windaus believed that while every man had a moral code, his science was motivated by curiosity, and was not driven by politics, ethics, and applications of his discoveries. This viewpoint caused Windaus to decline to research poison gas during World War I. He was involved in the discovery of the transformation of cholesterol through several steps to vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). He gave his patents to Merck and Bayer and they brought out the medical Vigantol in 1927. He died at the age of 82 in Göttingen,West Germany.9 June 1990 – George Beadle - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_BeadleGeorge Wells Beadle, American geneticist. In 1958 he shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum for their discovery of the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells. Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold Neurospora crassa to x-rays, causing mutations. In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. These experiments led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the One gene-one enzyme hypothesis. The one gene–one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway. He died from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85 in Pomona, California.Famous Birthdays9 June 1640 – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_EmperorLeopold I (full name: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain, Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (at 46 years and 9 months). Leopold's reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the east and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin, in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious from the Great Turkish War thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary, which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács. Leopold fought three wars against France: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In this last, Leopold sought to give his younger son the entire Spanish inheritance, disregarding the will of the late Charles II. Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe. When peace returned, Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks. He was born in Vienna.9 June 1843 – Bertha von Suttner - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_SuttnerBertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner also known as Baroness Bertha von Suttner née Countess Kinsky.Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist. In 1905, she became the second female Nobel laureate (after Marie Curie in 1903), the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the first Austrian laureate. In 1889 Suttner became a leading figure in the peace movement with the publication of her pacifist novel, Die Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms!), which made her one of the leading figures of the Austrian peace movement. The book was published in 37 editions and translated into 12 languages. In 1897 she presented Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria with a list of signatures urging the establishment of an International Court of Justice and took part in the First Hague Convention in 1899 with the help of Theodor Herzl, who paid for her trip as a correspondent of the Zionist newspaper, Die Welt. Suttner's pacifism was influenced by the writings of Immanuel Kant, Henry Thomas Buckle, Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin and Leo Tolstoy (Tolstoy praised Die Waffen nieder!) conceiving peace as a natural state impaired by the human aberrances of war and militarism. As a result, she argued that a right to peace could be demanded under international law and was necessary in the context of an evolutionary Darwinist conception of history. Suttner was a respected journalist, with one historian describing her as "a most perceptive and adept political commentator". She was born in Prague,Kingdom of Bohemia.9 June 1961 – Michael J. Fox - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._FoxMichael Andrew Fox, known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American, actor, comedian, author, film producer and activist with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s. He starred in the Back to the Future trilogy in which he portrayed Marty McFly. Other notable roles have included his portrayal of Alex P. Keaton on the American sitcom Family Ties and Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom Spin City . He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991 at age 29, and disclosed his condition to the public in 1998. He semi-retired from acting in 2000 as the symptoms of the disease worsened. He has since become an advocate for research toward finding a cure, and founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Since 1999, Fox has mainly worked as a voice-over actor in films such as Stuart Little and Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire. On the CBS TV show The Good Wife, he earned Emmy nominations for three consecutive years for his recurring role as crafty attorney Louis Canning. He has also taken recurring guest roles and cameo appearances in Boston Legal, Scrubs,Curb Your Enthusiasm, Rescue Me, and Designated Survivor. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2010, and was also inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000. He was born in Edmonton,Alberta.Events of Interest9 June 53 AD – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. - https://www.mintageworld.com/media/detail/12089-claudia-octavia-and-nero-got-married-/In 53 AD, Octavia was married to her adopted brother Nero after she was legally transferred to another clan. Apparently her stepmother Agrippina had planned this marriage even before her own marriage to Claudius. Nevertheless, Nero succeeded his adoptive father as Emperor, making Octavia Empress. It appears their marriage was loveless and also childless.9 June 68AD – Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors - https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/nero#section_3Nero failed to respond decisively to a revolt in Gaul, prompting further unrest in Africa and in Spain, where the governor Galba declared himself legate of the Senate and Roman People. Soon the Praetorian Guard declared allegiance to Galba, and the Senate followed suit, declaring Nero an enemy of the people. Nero attempted to flee, but upon learning that his arrest and execution were imminent, he took his own life. Fifty years later, the historian Suetonius reported Nero’s final lament: “What an artist dies in me!” The civil war during the year of the Four Emperors was described by ancient historians as a troubling period. According to Tacitus, this instability was rooted in the fact that emperors could no longer rely on the perceived legitimacy of the imperial bloodline, as Nero and those before him could. Galba began his short reign with the execution of many of Nero's allies. One such notable enemy included Nymphidius Sabinus, who claimed to be the son of Emperor Caligula. The social, military and political upheavals of the period had Empire-wide repercussions, which included the outbreak of the Revolt of the Batavi.9 June 1959 – The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(SSBN-598)#Construction_and_launchingThe USS George Washington was launched on 9 June 1959 sponsored by Mrs. Ollie Mae Anderson (née Rawlins), wife of US Treasury Secretary Robert B. Anderson, and commissioned on 30 December 1959 as SSBN-598 with Commander James B. Osborn in command of the Blue crew and Commander John L. From, Jr. in command of the Gold crew. The George Washington was originally scheduled to become the USS Scorpion, but during her construction she was lengthened by the insertion of a 130-foot missile section and finished as a fleet ballistic-missile submarine. The George Washington was commissioned into service in December 1959 and the United States instantly gained the most powerful deterrent force imaginable - a stealth platform with enormous nuclear firepower. Arguably, it can be considered the submarine that has most influenced world events in the 20th Century. In the early 1980s the George Washington had her missile removed and was reclassified as an attack submarine before finally being decommissioned several years later.9 June 1979 – The Ghost Train fire at Luna Park Sydney, Australia, kills seven. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Sydney_Ghost_Train_fireOn the night of 9 June 1979, a fire broke out inside the ride at approximately 10:15 pm. Due to a combination of low water pressure, under-staffing within the park, and inadequate coverage of the Ghost Train by the park's fire hose system, the fire was able to completely consume the ride.It took an hour to bring the fire under control, but it was extinguished before any significant damage could be done to the adjacent River Caves and Big Dipper. The fire killed six children and one adult, and destroyed the amusement park's ghost train. Inadequate fire-fighting measures and low staffing caused the fire to completely destroy the ride, which was first constructed in 1931, and had been transported from Glenelg, South Australia to Milsons Point, New South Wales during 1934 and 1935. Originally the fire was blamed on electrical faults, but arson by unknown figures has also been claimed. The exact cause of the fire could not be determined by a coronial inquiry. The coroner also ruled that, while the actions of Luna Park's management and staff before and during the fire (in particular their choosing not to follow advice on the installation of a sprinkler system in the ride) breached their duty of care, charges of criminal negligence should not be laid. The case was reopened in 1987: no new findings were made, although the police investigation and coronial inquiry were criticised. The fire forced the closure of Luna Park until 1982, when it reopened under a new name and new owners.IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes -https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS -http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/nerds_amalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comSupport via Podhero- https://podhero.com/podcast/449127/nerds-amalgamatedRate & Review us on Podchaser - https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/nerds-amalgamated-623195

The following story is one that was forgotten, and then rediscovered. When the writings of Roman historian Tacitus were found in the 15th century – this “David VS Goliath” tale was among them.The principle sources are a few different Roman historians, some contemporary, some a few decades to a few centuries later. None were present for these events. So, while I’ll recount the events in what is the generally accepted narrative, keep in mind we’re dealing with non-primary sources here. Nonetheless, the Roman historians have another, more recent source that seems to back up their stories quite well.Archaeology.My principle source is the archaeologist Peter S. Wells. The ongoing discoveries buried beneath 2000 years of soil are with out a doubt the most comprehensive and affirmative evidence that tells us what in the hell happened to the 20,000 Roman legions in the dark forests of Germany.As I said, it’s a “David and Goliath” story, and our Goliath is the Roman Empire, fresh off the victorious conquest of Gall, and shrewdly run by Caesar Augustus. But when this perfect military machine comes face to face with an act of perfect betrayal, the subject of our story will show the world that even Rome can bleed.

This week we're go all the way back to the blood-soaked streets of the Roman Empire to tell the tale of lamentable lady Locusta - the world's first serial killer - and her employer Agrippina The Younger. Learn how they used feathers, mushrooms and hot wine to bring one of history's most notorious emperors to power, and prepare to be horrified and puzzled at how Locusta eventually met her end...This week's secret ingredient is....a feather!Sources include History.com, Wiki, Kings and Generals (YouTube), Naked History but all are based on the writings of Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio and other historians from the time. The episode image is "Locusta testing in Nero's presence the poison prepared for Britannicus", painting by Joseph-Noël Sylvestre, 1876. View the full image on Wiki or our Facebook posts! Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

One of the trickiest parts of holding yourself to a high standard in life is that it’s only natural to start to expect others to do the same. You’re not taking the easy road, why should they be able to? You’re putting in the work, why aren’t they? You don’t lie, cheat, or steal, is it so crazy to assume others shouldn’t either? Look at your results—where are theirs?Marcus Aurelius must have struggled with this too. He hadn’t wanted to be emperor, but he was pressed into duty. Still, with all this power, he was trying to be good and do good. What was everyone else’s excuse? It’s something that lots of brilliant leaders and talented people have wrestled with through the centuries, whether it’s Kobe Bryant trying to figure out why his teammates aren’t as dedicated as he is, or an A student wondering why the other people in their group aren’t striving for the grade they areWhat we know is that Marcus Aurelius found a way through. We’re told of it by the historian Cassius Dio, and it’s a worthy example for us to think about today:“So long as a person did anything good, he would praise him and use him for the service in which he excelled, but to his other conduct he paid no attention; for he declared that it is impossible for one to create such men as one desires to have, and so it is fitting to employ those who are already in existence for whatever service each of them may be able to render to the State.”We only control our behavior. We can only fully uphold our standards for ourselves. As leaders, we have to work to meet everyone else where they are—get as much as we can from them and of them—but we can’t make ourselves miserable expecting them to be like us. Because they aren’t. What they do is in their control. What we do is in ours. Remember what Seneca learned with Nero: You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make them drink. Never forget that. Get the best you can from yourself and hope—but don’t expect—for the best from everyone else. That’s all you can do.

Boudicca was an ancient Celtic warrior Queen who lead an army in a rebellion against the Roman Empire. The story of this brave woman’s life has often been reduced to just a few sentences in a textbook, and that’s because there is very little known about her life. There were just two Roman historians; Tacitus and Cassius Dio, who wrote down information about Boudicca. So everything we know about her is skewed from the enemy’s perspective, and both of their versions of the story vary slightly from the other.

Varus, devolva minhas legiões! . Neste episódio conversamos sobre os primeiros anos do Império Romano, sobre o processo de pacificações internas e a formação de buffer zones utilizando os serviços dos povos federados nas fronteiras do Império. Focamos o assunto na formação de uma típica legião da época e na manobra de Armínio que culminou na aniquilação de 10% de toda a força militar de Roma em apenas 3 dias. . Biblioteca do Bunker . Livros de Hans Delbruck: https://amzn.to/2KvwfWc . The Battle That Stopped Rome: https://amzn.to/2YM2uZZ . Obras de Tacitus: https://amzn.to/2YKSaBN . Obras de Cassius Dio: https://amzn.to/31Eo281 . Episódios anteriores citados: . CGCast #30 - https://youtu.be/5ckyfENI4fY . CGCast #10 - https://youtu.be/XNR9qBzbTTY . Ouça Podcasts - conteúdo interessante onde, como e quando você quiser! Assine o Clube dos Generais pelo seu aplicativo de podcasts favorito ou pelo Spotify. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3egdSUwV9xmG5M4Gg7gibZ . Acompanhe o Clube dos Generais Web: www.clubedosgenerais.org Facebook: www.facebook.com/clubedosgenerais/ YouTube: www.youtube.com/clubedosgenerais Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/clubedosgenerais/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ClubeGenerais Email: contato@clubedosgenerais.org . O CG é um participante do Programa Associados da Amazon.com.br Compre usando nosso link e ajude o CG sem pagar nem um centavo a mais! Link Geral: http://amzn.to/2wIzQrF --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/clubedosgenerais/message

Roman history fans know two things about Commodus: First, he was a horribly corrupt, psychopathic emperor. Second, he reigned at the end of the Pax Romana, and helped start Rome's slow decline towards eventual dissolution.  The Roman senator and historian Cassius Dio, who knew Commodus and his father, Marcus Aurelius, personally, tells us that with the ascention of Commodus that, "our history now descends from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust, as affairs did for the Romans of that day." And enough other sources have spoken of Commodus's misrule and cruelty to leave of thinking that he was probably right. But can we be certain he was correct with his conclusions?  We know for certain that he probably made one choice, albeit for the wrong reasons, which probably contributed to to the Empire's longevity. And of his misdeeds? Just how impactful were they? Today we're going to examine the life of Commodus. It's likely that he was indeed a bit of a psychopath, but what's more doubtful is if any of his actions really contributed to Rome's fall and the end of the Pax Romana.  Find out why in this episode.   

Why didn't the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius kill his son Commodus?   It probably sounds like a strange question, since we normally don't object to men refraining from the murder of their children, but Marcus Aurelius wasn't an average sort of man, and Commodus was far from an average son.     In this series, we're going to examine the life of the man reigning over a civilization at the edge of a cliff. We'll not only be exploring how Marcus Aurelius, one of the best and most farsighted emperors the Romans ever had, chose to rule in incredibly turbulent times, but also how he unintentionally came to sever his country's long relay race of competent leadership, and, perhaps, opened up a new phase of classical civilization - the beginning of the end.    There's no question that the Romans living at the time of Marcus's death, as well as those coming in the centuries down the road, thought of the ascension of Commodus as a disaster, and a turning point for their civilization. In his chronicle of Roman History, the historian Cassius Dio wrote of the ascension of Commodus with just a few years of hindsight, "Our history now plunges from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust."    So this series is the story of a botched succession, but it's also the story of Marcus the man, who, compared to his psychotic son Commodus, is the far more interesting and nuanced character. It's also a story of the almost invisible background events that dominated Rome's ability to pull out of its multiple tailspins.    Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/TheTurningWheel

Christopher makes the voyage down the corridor to talk to David about his new book on Cassius Dio, his own path into the world of Classics (and how this involved teaching himself Latin from a 1930s text book!), and he shares his thoughts on the importance of public engagement. There's more talk of gaming and ancient history, why hot-tubs are a great place to discuss ideas with colleagues, and Christopher comes up with a new slogan to sell the department. Christopher Burden-Strevens is a lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Kent. For Christopher's new edited volume on Dio, go to: https://brill.com/view/title/39300

The 2018 Ronald Syme Lecture was delivered by Professor Kathleen Coleman, James Loeb Professor of the Classics at Harvard University, on 1st November. The lecture was introduced by Wolfson College President Sir Tim Hitchens. After much jockeying between Rome and Parthia for control of Armenia, the Romans agreed to the reinstatement of the Parthian prince, Tiridates, on the Armenian throne, on condition that he be crowned at Rome by Nero. A surviving fragment of the Roman History of Cassius Dio recounts the remarkable nine-month journey undertaken by Tiridates, his wife, and their retinue of thousands overland from Armenia to Italy, and their ensuing detour to the Bay of Naples, where they were treated to a spectacular display in the arena at Puteoli. This episode tends to be overlooked in favor of the subsequent coronation in Rome. But the more one thinks about it, the more intriguing the detour becomes. This paper suggests reasons, diplomatic and otherwise, for the apparently illogical choice of route and the reception that was laid on for Tiridates at the end of it.

New Books at the Heyman Center: a podcast featuring audio from events at Columbia University, and interviews with the speakers and authors. Boudica: Warrior Woman of Roman Britain By: Caitlin Gillespie In AD 60/61, Rome almost lost the province of Britain to a woman. Boudica, wife of the client king Prasutagus, fomented a rebellion that proved catastrophic for Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London), and Verulamium (St Albans), destroyed part of a Roman legion, and caused the deaths of an untold number of veterans, families, soldiers, and Britons. Yet with one decisive defeat, her vision of freedom was destroyed, and the Iceni never rose again. Boudica: Warrior Woman of Roman Britain introduces readers to the life and literary importance of Boudica through juxtaposing her different literary characterizations with those of other women and rebel leaders. This study focuses on our earliest literary evidence, the accounts of Tacitus and Cassius Dio, and investigates their narratives alongside material evidence of late Iron Age and early Roman Britain. Throughout the book, Caitlin Gillespie draws comparative sketches between Boudica and the positive and negative examples with which readers associate her, including the prophetess Veleda, the client queen Cartimandua, and the rebel Caratacus. Literary comparisons assist in the understanding of Boudica as a barbarian, queen, mother, commander in war, and leader of revolt. Within the ancient texts, Boudica is also used as an internal commentator on the failures of the emperor Nero, and her revolt epitomizes ongoing conflicts of gender and power at the end of the Juilio-Claudian era. Both literary and archaeological sources point towards broader issues inherent in the clash between Roman and native cultures. Boudica's unique ability to unify disparate groups of Britons cemented her place in the history of Roman Britain. While details of her life remain elusive, her literary character still has more to say.

Synopsis:  Julia Domna was daughter of the Emesene High Priest, destined to marry a king.  Then she met Septimius Severus. “Our history now descends from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust.” – Cassius Dio, Rome, Book 71 “The primitive Christians perpetually […] The post Episode B27 – Lucifugus first appeared on THE ANCIENT WORLD.

Synopsis: Juba accompanies Octavian during the conquest of Egypt. “Thus was Egypt enslaved.” – Cassius Dio, Rome, Book LI Octavian Family Tree: http://s407341505.onlinehome.us/Octavian_Clan.pdf The post Episode B3 – Ephebus first appeared on THE ANCIENT WORLD.