Podcasts about century ad

jewish practices burial century ad

Play Episode Listen Later May 12, 2024 3:01

Pretty interesting! Ossusries. Thank you for listening! Please subscribe and leave a 5 star review! Please share!

1st Century AD Priestly Mansion

jesus christ mansion priestly century ad

Play Episode Listen Later May 12, 2024 4:30

Concerning the events of Jesus' trial. Thank you for listening! Please leave a 5 star review, share and subscribe!

What happened to Millions of Black Egyptians Nile Valley after Arab Invasions?

The African History Network Show

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 8, 2024 12:00

What happened to Millions of Black Egyptians in the Nile Valley when the Arabs invaded in the 7th Century AD??? Prof. James Small, Michael Imhotep on 'The African History Network Show' African American Atlanta Business Man, Dexter Caffey, finds out he is a descendant of Pharaoh Ramses III, from 4,000 yrs ago! REGISTER NOW: Next Class Starts Sat., March 9th, 2024, 2pm EST, ‘Ancient Kemet (Egypt), The Moors & The Maafa: Understanding The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. REGISTER NOW & WATCH!!! (LIVE 10 Week Online Course) with Historian & Political Commentator, Michael Imhotep host of ‘The African History Network Show' and founder of The African History Network. Discounted Registration $80; ALL LIVE SESSIONS WILL BE RECORDED SO YOU CAN WATCH AT ANY TIME! WATCH CONTENT ON DEMAND! REGISTER for Full Course HERE $80: https://theahn.learnworlds.com/course/ancient-kemet-moors-maafa-transatlantic-slave-trade-winter-2024 or http://www.TheAfricanHistoryNetwork.com

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2nd Century AD Christian Writings

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 2, 2024 4:34

A list. Thank you for listening! Please leave a 5 star review, share and subscribe!

writings century ad

Tuula Moilanen - Printmaker : Life Is An Experiment

The Unfinished Print

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 26, 2023 74:04

When it comes to the idea of longevity, my guest on this episode of The Unfinished Print has just that: the hard work and sacrifice to make a career in making mokuhanga, bringing the art form to people worldwide. Today I speak with mokuhanga printmaker, graphic designer, and writer, Tuula Moilanen. Currently living in Finland, Tuula has made mokuhanga for almost 40 years and has been an essential part of the worldwide mokuhanga community, teaching, instructing and overseeing the art form's growth. Tuula speaks about her twenty years in Japan, her teachers, and how she views her mokuhanga. We discuss creating work, social media, and the philosophy of art. Please follow The Unfinished Print and my own mokuhanga work on Instagram @andrezadoroznyprints or email me at theunfinishedprint@gmail.com Notes: may contain a hyperlink. Simply click on the highlighted word or phrase. Artists works follow after the note if available. Pieces are mokuhanga unless otherwise noted. Dimensions are given if known. Publishers are given if known. Tuula Moilanen - website Tetsuya Noda -is a respected printmaker and artist who works with photography, mokuhanga, and serigraphy (silkscreen). Was head of the printmaking department at the National Fine Arts and Music University in Tōkyō until 2006. More info can be found here. Diary: Nov. 7th ‘68 (#1) 31 15/16" × 31" (1963-1976) Akira Kurosaki 黒崎彰 (1937-2019) - was one of the most influential woodblock print artists of the modern era. His work, while seemingly abstract, moved people with its vibrant colour and powerful composition. He was a teacher and invented the “Disc Baren,” which is a great baren to begin your mokuhanga journey with. At the 2021 Mokuhanga Conference in Nara, Japan there was a tribute exhibit of his life works. Azusa Gallery has a nice selection of his work, here. Meeting of Comets (1980) 5.7"x 3.9" Kyoto Seika University - is a private university based in Kyōto, Japan. It is a university focused on art and scholarship. More info, here. nagashizuki - is a style of paper making in Japan. This way of making paper creates a strong, translucent paper good for multiple uses. For a more detailed analysis of creating this type of washi check out Awagami's description, here. shodo -is the name attributed to calligraphy in the Japanese style, which involves writing characters using a brush and ink. mokulito - a type of lithography which incorporated woodblock. Artist Danielle Creenaune uses mokulito in her work. She has a fine detailed explanation on its uses, here. shina - is a type of Japanese plywood used in mokuhanga. Not all shina is made equally, buyer beware. Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798-1861) - is considered one of the last “masters” of the ukiyo-e genre of Japanese woodblock printmaking. His designs range from landscapes, samurai and Chinese military heroes, as well as using various formats for his designs such as diptychs and triptychs. Taira Kiyomori from the series Meiko hyaku yuden 名高百勇傳 published by Izumiya Ichibei Keizo Sato - is a mokuhanga printmaker who owns and operates a shop in Kyoto making reproductions of ukiyo-e prints. He has demonstrated at the International Mokuhanga Conference, in 2011. Has been associated with the Adachi Foundation of Woodblock Print Preservation. takuhon - is a style of printmaking one in which the pigments are rubbed into the washi with a type of pad. Printmaking At Newcastle University on YouTube has a fine video about the process, here. hyōgu - is a traditional Japanese process of mounting calligraphy and paper works such as paintings. intaglio printing - is a printing method, also called etching, using metal plates such as zinc, and copper, creating “recessed” areas which are printed with ink on the surface of these "recesses.” More info, here. The MET has info, here. European woodcuts - woodcuts began in Europe in 1400; the woodcut/woodblock tradition has long been in Western Europe. These prints gained prominence during the late Middle Ages (500-14/1500 AD) and the Renaissance (14th Century - 17th Century AD), spreading visual information from religious iconography to political propaganda. Some famous artists we know today are Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) and Titian (? - 1576). © Popular Wheat Productions opening and closing musical credit - Put It Down by Otis McDonald, John Patittuci, and Mike Chiavarro, from their single Put It Down released on TrackTribe (2023) logo designed and produced by Douglas Batchelor and André Zadorozny Disclaimer: Please do not reproduce or use anything from this podcast without shooting me an email and getting my express written or verbal consent. I'm friendly :) Слава Українi If you find any issue with something in the show notes please let me know. ***The opinions expressed by guests in The Unfinished Print podcast are not necessarily those of André Zadorozny and of Popular Wheat Productions.***

Remains of Crucified Men

remains crucified century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2023 6:00

From the 1st Century AD, and other historical records. Thanks for listening! Please leave a 5 star review, share and subscribe!

120.20 Biblical Swine Retold

For the Life of the World / Yale Center for Faith & Culture

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 15, 2023 40:01

Transcript Address: https://share.descript.com/view/H9rFnb2x8ryIn this episode of the History of the Papacy, we are joined again by Garry Stevens of the History in the Bible Podcast and Scott McAndless of Retelling the Bible to visit the town of Gadaras yet again. We will use Scott's narrativization of the story of the Gadarene Demoniac to discuss the political, economic and social situation of the Galilee, Judea and the Decapolis during the early 1st Century AD.You can learn more about the History of Papacy and subscribe at all these great places: https://atozhistorypage.start.pageTo Subscribe: https://www.spreaker.com/show/history-of-the-papacy-podcast_1Email Us: steve@atozhistorypage.comSupport Us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/historyofthepapacyParthenon Podcast Network: parthenonpodcast.comThe History of the Papacy on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@atozhistoryHelp out the show by ordering these books from Amazon! https://smile.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/1MUPNYEU65NTFMusic Provided by:"Sonatina in C Minor" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Funeral March for Brass" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Crusade Heavy Perfect Loop" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Agnus Dei X - Bitter Suite Kevin MacLeaod (incomptech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Begin Transcript:This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/4899207/advertisement

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How Disability Reframes Humanity: Three Bible Stories to See Disability as the Site of Divine Revelation / Calli Micale

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 7, 2023 45:45

“Wrestling with oneself, with one's past, with one's relationships, with God … These stories push us to use disability to think about the human condition more broadly.”Longstanding narratives about disability shaped our emotional responses, our caregiving responses, and our social commentary, and our treatment of the disabled. But what if we saw disability as the site of divine revelation about God's kingdom and our place in it? As an expression of power and wisdom and agency, rather than a merely a source of suffering and lack and ignorance.Calli Micale (Palmer Theological Seminary) joins Evan Rosa to discuss how disability reframes our humanity in the Bible. They reflect on three passages: starting in the Old Testament—in Genesis 32—with the story of Jacob wrestling with the Angel, and walking away with much more than a limp and a new name. Continuing with the Gospel, John 9, the story of the Man Born Blind, famous for at least two reasons: the utter stupidity of the disciples to assume “Rabbi, who sinned that this man was born blind?” and the utter visceral of having Jesus make mud with his spit and rub it in the man's eyes. And finally The Gospel of Mark, chapter 5, the story of the bleeding woman—a story of reaching out in desperate faith, an act of incredible agency and audacity, to touch the edge of Jesus's garment and be healed.Whether its intellectual disability or physical disability, and regardless of how its acquired, disability plays a role in what we might call God's subversive kingdom. God's upside-down-ness (or, maybe we should say human upside-down-ness). The least of these in the eyes of human society are chosen by God to communicate the good news of shalom and justice and salvation—that even those who are already “whole” can be saved.This episode was made possible in part by the generous support of the Tyndale House Foundation. For more information, visit tyndale.foundation.Show NotesArtwork: “Untitled (The Bleeding Woman)”, Unknown, Fresco, 4th Century AD, Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter, Rome, ItalyArtwork: “The Healing of the Man Born Blind”, Duccio, 1311, Tempera on wood, National Gallery, LondonArtwork: “Vision of the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)”, Paul Gauguin, 1888, Oil on canvas, Scottish National GalleryGenesis 32:22-32 (see below for full text)“Wrestling with oneself, with one's past, with one's relationships, with God”Disability as a plot device: exploitElaborate disguise of Jacob's impersonization of EsauEach of us wrestles with our identity“No one can see God and live”Jacob's limp: a narrative and metaphorical significanceIs disability a sign of or consequence of one's sinfulness?Is disability a divine punishment?Subverting our understanding of disability“Disability extends beyond Jacob's physical form and continues to influence the the community—how they relate with their tradition and their practices.”“The memory of the struggle with God and the intimate presence of God in the wrestling in the body, and then is preserved in memory of the body.”Is being struck on the hip socket a blessing to Jacob?The wounds of martyrs as battle woundsDisability becomes inextricable from histories of violenceIs it Jesus that strikes and maims Jacob's hip?John 9: The Man Blind from BirthJesus rejects the assumption that disability is a punishment for sin.“Dumb and blind”Disability as the site of divine revelationJesus spitting in the mud is kind of gross. It takes a lot of spit to make that much mud.Vulnerable and visceral moment of pasting dirty mudThe question of Jesus's sin (for breaking Sabbath law) is now in playAn extended metaphor about where knowledge and wisdom apply.Mark 5: The Hemorrhaging WomanAgency and PowerMutual caregiving within disabled communities“These stories push us to use disability to think about the human condition more broadly.”Genesis 32The same night he got up and took his two wives, his two maids, and his eleven children, and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. He took them and sent them across the stream, and likewise everything that he had. Jacob was left alone; and a man wrestled with him until daybreak. When the man saw that he did not prevail against Jacob, he struck him on the hip socket; and Jacob's hip was put out of joint as he wrestled with him. Then he said, ‘Let me go, for the day is breaking.' But Jacob said, ‘I will not let you go, unless you bless me.' So he said to him, ‘What is your name?' And he said, ‘Jacob.' Then the man said, ‘You shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven with God and with humans, and have prevailed.' Then Jacob asked him, ‘Please tell me your name.' But he said, ‘Why is it that you ask my name?' And there he blessed him. So Jacob called the place Peniel, saying, ‘For I have seen God face to face, and yet my life is preserved.' The sun rose upon him as he passed Penuel, limping because of his hip. Therefore to this day the Israelites do not eat the thigh muscle that is on the hip socket, because he struck Jacob on the hip socket at the thigh muscle.John 9As he walked along, he saw a man blind from birth. His disciples asked him, ‘Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?' Jesus answered, ‘Neither this man nor his parents sinned; he was born blind so that God's works might be revealed in him. We must work the works of him who sent me while it is day; night is coming when no one can work. As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world.'When he had said this, he spat on the ground and made mud with the saliva and spread the mud on the man's eyes, saying to him, ‘Go, wash in the pool of Siloam' (which means Sent). Then he went and washed and came back able to see. The neighbors and those who had seen him before as a beggar began to ask, ‘Is this not the man who used to sit and beg?' Some were saying, ‘It is he.' Others were saying, ‘No, but it is someone like him.' He kept saying, ‘I am the man.' But they kept asking him, ‘Then how were your eyes opened?' He answered, ‘The man called Jesus made mud, spread it on my eyes, and said to me, “Go to Siloam and wash.” Then I went and washed and received my sight.' They said to him, ‘Where is he?' He said, ‘I do not know.'They brought to the Pharisees the man who had formerly been blind. Now it was a sabbath day when Jesus made the mud and opened his eyes. Then the Pharisees also began to ask him how he had received his sight. He said to them, ‘He put mud on my eyes. Then I washed, and now I see.' Some of the Pharisees said, ‘This man is not from God, for he does not observe the sabbath.' But others said, ‘How can a man who is a sinner perform such signs?' And they were divided. So they said again to the blind man, ‘What do you say about him? It was your eyes he opened.' He said, ‘He is a prophet.'The Jews did not believe that he had been blind and had received his sight until they called the parents of the man who had received his sight and asked them, ‘Is this your son, who you say was born blind? How then does he now see?' His parents answered, ‘We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind; but we do not know how it is that now he sees, nor do we know who opened his eyes. Ask him; he is of age. He will speak for himself.' His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews; for the Jews had already agreed that anyone who confessed Jesus to be the Messiah would be put out of the synagogue. Therefore his parents said, ‘He is of age; ask him.'So for the second time they called the man who had been blind, and they said to him, ‘Give glory to God! We know that this man is a sinner.' He answered, ‘I do not know whether he is a sinner. One thing I do know, that though I was blind, now I see.' They said to him, ‘What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes?' He answered them, ‘I have told you already, and you would not listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you also want to become his disciples?' Then they reviled him, saying, ‘You are his disciple, but we are disciples of Moses. We know that God has spoken to Moses, but as for this man, we do not know where he comes from.' The man answered, ‘Here is an astonishing thing! You do not know where he comes from, and yet he opened my eyes. We know that God does not listen to sinners, but he does listen to one who worships him and obeys his will. Never since the world began has it been heard that anyone opened the eyes of a person born blind. If this man were not from God, he could do nothing.' They answered him, ‘You were born entirely in sins, and are you trying to teach us?' And they drove him out.Jesus heard that they had driven him out, and when he found him, he said, ‘Do you believe in the Son of Man?' He answered, ‘And who is he, sir? Tell me, so that I may believe in him.' Jesus said to him, ‘You have seen him, and the one speaking with you is he.' He said, ‘Lord, I believe.' And he worshipped him. Jesus said, ‘I came into this world for judgement so that those who do not see may see, and those who do see may become blind.' Some of the Pharisees near him heard this and said to him, ‘Surely we are not blind, are we?' Jesus said to them, ‘If you were blind, you would not have sin. But now that you say, “We see”, your sin remains.Mark 5:25-34See also Luke 8:43-48 and Matthew 9:20-22Now there was a woman who had been suffering from haemorrhages for twelve years. She had endured much under many physicians, and had spent all that she had; and she was no better, but rather grew worse. She had heard about Jesus, and came up behind him in the crowd and touched his cloak, for she said, ‘If I but touch his clothes, I will be made well.' Immediately her haemorrhage stopped; and she felt in her body that she was healed of her disease. Immediately aware that power had gone forth from him, Jesus turned about in the crowd and said, ‘Who touched my clothes?' And his disciples said to him, ‘You see the crowd pressing in on you; how can you say, “Who touched me?”' He looked all round to see who had done it. But the woman, knowing what had happened to her, came in fear and trembling, fell down before him, and told him the whole truth. He said to her, ‘Daughter, your faith has made you well; go in peace, and be healed of your disease.'About Calli MicaleCalli Micale is Assistant Professor of Theology and Ethics and Director of the MDiv Program at Palmer Theological Seminary. She is a theologian with a particular interest in the ethical implications of theological talk for the whole of human life. Her research brings together the history of Christian thought with sustained attention to rhetoric as it grounds perceptions of the body and health in Western societies. She joined the Palmer Theological Seminary faculty in 2023 after earning a PhD from Yale University.Writing and teaching correspond in Dr. Micale's work to form students as faith leaders oriented towards gender, disability, and racial justice. She has published articles with the Journal of Disability and Religion and the Disability Studies Quarterly (forthcoming). Micale is currently working on a book manuscript, tentatively titled Crip Conversion: Narratives of Disability and Grace. The book analyzes the stories theologians tell about intellectual disability and argues that deploying intellectual disability as narrative metaphor allows one to come at the Protestant tradition from a helpful vantage point—such that the significance of sensation for the reception of grace comes to the fore.As a candidate for ordination in the ELCA with 10+ years of preaching experience, Dr. Micale delights in the variety of ways her students take up theological resources for ministry and social justice action. In each course, she aims to take students beyond learning concepts by letting divergent beliefs shape and change their perspective on what really matters—their own intellectual and spiritual lives called to make a difference in the worldProduction NotesThis podcast featured Calli MicaleEdited and Produced by Evan RosaHosted by Evan RosaProduction Assistance by Macie Bridge and Kaylen YunA Production of the Yale Center for Faith & Culture at Yale Divinity School https://faith.yale.edu/aboutSupport For the Life of the World podcast by giving to the Yale Center for Faith & Culture: https://faith.yale.edu/giveThis episode was made possible in part by the generous support of the Tyndale House Foundation. For more information, visit tyndale.foundation.

Episode 25: Be Thou My Vision (Scott, Sean, & Scott Fischbuch)

History in Music

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 18, 2023 87:20

For our 25th episode Scott Fischbuch joins us for a much needed white pill. We discuss the traditional Irish hymn Be Thou My Vision (Rop tú mo baile in Irish). Originating in the 6th Century AD and written in Old Irish, the hymn was not translated into English until 1905 and was not set to music until 1919. The poem was written by the Ollamh Érenn (Chief Poet of Ireland) Eochaid mac Colla (AKA Saint Dallán Forgaill) who lived between 560 AD and 640 AD and used as a lorica by the early Irish. The music is set to an Irish folk tune called Slane. Scott F. leads us in a faith-promoting discussion on Christianity and having hope in a fallen world. Éirinn go Brách! Link to the song version by Audrey Assad used in this episode: https://youtu.be/dXDhCEnM-bQ?si=QUbHkD71_6ozvOSa Irish language version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6tuTOwcb9E Check out Scott Fischbuch's men's retreat project: https://toolswithscott.com/ Follow Scott and Sean on Twitter: Scott- @dotgiff Sean- @hashtagheybro If you've got a song you think should be featured on the podcast send us an email or a DM on Twitter/X: historyinmusicpodcast@gmail.com

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58 - Hebrews

CALVARY CHAPEL VERO BEACH

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 27, 2023 52:36

Author unknown, this book is not named, but is one of the general epistles, written to Jewish believers and was probably named "Hebrews" (aka Exhortations) in the 2nd Century AD. The author states it is of few words (13 chapters is few?) and is designed to "lift you up", build you up and stir you up. It is authored during the lifetime of Timothy, so before 97 AD. And as there is no reference to the temple destruction, it was obviously written prior to 70 AD. Many ascribe it to Paul, but there's no proof.Important verse: Hebrews 2:1 KEY VERSE: Hebrews 3:1

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A Heavenly Perspective on Earthly Circumstances

Sharper Iron from KFUO Radio

Play Episode Listen Later May 8, 2023 56:33

Rev. Dr. Reed Lessing, Professor of Theology and Ministry, Director of the Pre-Seminary Program, and Director of the Center for Biblicla Studies at Concordia Univeristy in St. Paul, MN, joins host Rev. Timothy Appel to study Revelation 1:1-3. The book of Revelation was given to St. John the Apostle as a vision while he was exiled on the island of Patmos. The Christian Church was under persecution near the end of the 1st Century AD; in that context, John received this marvelous book of comfort from the ascended Lord Jesus Christ. Using language that only Christians familiar with the Old Testament and the Gospels would truly understand, Jesus showed His Church that He was truly reigning over all things. If we fail to read the book of Revelation in this context as apocalyptic literature, we will run into all kinds of trouble and take numbers and images in the way that the Lord never intended. However, reading Revelation in the context of all Holy Scripture, Jesus shows Himself as our victorious Lord for whose return we pray. “Come Lord Jesus!” is a series on Sharper Iron that goes through the Revelation given to St. John. Although some look at Revelation with fear, it is a book of supreme hope in our crucified, risen, and ascended Lord. The book of Revelation gives a heavenly perspective on our earthly circumstances so that the Church in every generation is challenged, comforted, and assured of final victory through Jesus Christ.

Christian Female Burial Site Discovered in Great Britain 7th Century AD

female great britain discovered burial paganism century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2023 4:33

A fascinating find on multiple fronts. Paganism mixed in. Thank you for listening! Please join us daily, listen to previous episodes, and leave a 5 star review!

#39 | Psyche & Eros | Part Two | The Four Tasks of Psyche

On the Soul's Terms

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 23, 2023 59:59

This episode is the second half of the epic tale of Psyche & Eros from the 2nd Century AD, moving forward from episode #38. Psyche, devastated at the loss of her husband Eros, throws herself in the river. The river doesn't accept her sacrifice and washes her up to the shore where she sees the great god Pan playing around with his pipes. From this encounter she is emboldened and ready to take on her journey, the journey we all have to embark upon, the return to Eros. Along the way we meet the Goddesses Demeter and Hera and their temples on hills and in forests. Until finally Psyche confronts Venus (Aphrodite) and accepts her four tasks - the tasks of the soul.Artwork for this episode is from Edward Burne-Jones.Music by Marlia Coeur on Spotify.Please consider becoming a Patron to support the show!Go to OnTheSoulsTerms.com for more.

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Who Was Jesus, The Man?

Dan Snow's History Hit

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2022 27:20

Followed by billions and worshipped across the planet, Jesus is the most famous person who ever lived. Jesus Christ is revered as a prophet and the Messiah by Christians but who was Jesus, the man, who was born in Judea in the 1st Century AD and preached around Galilee during the Roman Empire?What we know of Jesus largely comes from the four gospels of the New Testament which are regarded as the most authoritative accounts of Jesus' life. As a poor labourer who only really appeared on the scene for a very short time, it's no surprise there's no archeological evidence of Jesus. Only kings and emperors leave a trace. This means historians have to find other ways to corroborate the details in the gospels.In this Christmas episode Joan Taylor, Professor in Early Christianity at Kings College London, compares parallel details across all the gospels, looks at contemporary textiles, Roman historical accounts and evidence of Jesus' contemporaries to piece together a biography of the man who changed the world. Produced by Mariana Des Forges, mixed by Joseph Knight.If you'd like to learn more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad-free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe to History Hit today!Download History Hit app from the Google Play store.Download History Hit app from the Apple Store. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

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AW229 - Ancient Warfare Consumes Media

Ancient Warfare Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 9, 2022 48:47

With the holiday season almost upon us, the Ancient Warfare Magazine team discuss new books released in 2022, old and new documentaries that are now available on streaming services and throw in a couple of audiobook suggestions for good measure! Links (not quite a comprehensive list of all the media mentioned in the show) Books Adrienne Mayor, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs: Unconventional Warfare in the Ancient World (2022) Conor Whately, A Sensory History of Ancient Warfare: Reconstructing the Physical Experience of War in the Classical World (2022) Murray Dahm, Hunnic Warrior vs Late Roman Cavalryman: Attila's Wars AD 440–53 (2022) Josiah Osgood, Uncommon Wrath: How Caesar and Cato's Deadly Rivalry Destroyed the Roman Republic (2022) MC Bishop, Roman Plate Armour (2022) Peter Stothard, Crassus: The First Tycoon (2022) Raffaele D'Amato, Post-Roman Kingdoms: ‘Dark Ages' Gaul & Britain, AD 450–800 (2023) Raffaele D'Amato, Roman Army Units in the Eastern Provinces (2): 3rd Century AD (2022) William Horsted, British Celtic Warrior vs Roman Soldier: Britannia AD 43–105 (2022) Audiobooks Stephen Fry, Troy: The Siege of Troy Retold Tony Robinson, Odysseus: The Greatest Hero of them All Film & TV Barbarians (2020 - ) In search of the Trojan War (1985) In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great (1998) On Hannibal's Trail (2010) Secrets of the Dead (2000 - ) Spartacus (1960) Scipione l'africano (1937) Join us on Patron patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast

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Has American Public Education Failed Us? with Manny Wolfe

Awakened Nation

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 2, 2022 58:05

Has the American Public Education System Failed Us? The answer is a resounding YES! But it's not that simple. The systems of teaching and advancing students dates back to the 8th, Century AD under King Charlemagne and reinvented by Horace Mann in the 1800s, when our country needed to prepare farm workers for factory work...moving from seasonal work, to punching a time clock. But today, as we use our intellect more and more to get work done, our school system is still preparing our youth for an outdated world. If the future of work is about quantum calculations, robotics and AI, and working in space, has the American education system kept pace with our students? "We've discovered that soft skills, such as communication, success principles, emotional intelligence and leadership skills are the skills that determine life-long success in every profession." And yet, they are not taught in public school or college. So, Manny Wolfe started the Advantage Education Academy, to address this gap in skill set, focusing on combining modern academic achievement with leadership skills. Brad and Manny discuss the history of education, the work of Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, who wrote the book The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America, and of course, how to get back on track to be competitive with the rest of the world. Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Lag2gE2gqVg About Manny Wolfe: In his life he has gone from being an addict and small time criminal, living outside the law, to building a multi-million dollar construction company, becoming an international bestselling author of the Memoir, The Tao of the Unbreakable Man, Manny Wolfe is teaching people all over the world how to grow their expert businesses using simple lead generation tools and social media, speaking internationally about branding and marketing and now he's squaring up with what he considers to be a broken public education system. www.AdvantageEducation.academy About your Awakened Nation Host, Brad Szollose: Fueled by the passion to ignite game-changing conversations, award-winning author Brad Szollose created Awakened Nation®—a podcast dedicated to deeper conversations with today's cutting edge entrepreneurs, idea makers and disruptors, bestselling authors, activists, healers, spiritual leaders, professional athletes, celebrities, politicians and rock stars...conversations that take a deep dive into the extraordinary. This podcast will challenge your beliefs and make you think. Think Art Bell meets Joe Rogan. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/awakenednation/support

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Christian Discipleship 105: Church History (Intro and 1st Century AD Culture)

Church History on SermonAudio

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 12, 2022 53:00

A new MP3 sermon from Christ the King Lutheran Church is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Christian Discipleship 105: Church History (Intro and 1st Century AD Culture) Subtitle: Christian Discipleship Speaker: Rev. Aaron Reinking Broadcaster: Christ the King Lutheran Church Event: Sunday School Date: 9/11/2022 Length: 53 min.

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Christian Discipleship 105: Church History (Intro and 1st Century AD Culture)

Discipleship on SermonAudio

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 12, 2022 53:00

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Syriac Versions of the Bible

god bible versions syriac century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 2, 2022 7:03

These Bible translations began very early, at least dating to the 2nd Century AD. God bless you and thank you for listening!

#Londinium90AD: Gaius and Germanicus philosophize on the Succession struggle from the 1st Century AD Julians to the 21st Century AD White House. Michael Vlahos. #FriendsofHistoryDebatingSociety

The John Batchelor Show

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 1, 2022 10:51

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow #Londinium90AD: Gaius and Germanicus philosophize on the Succession struggle from the 1st Century AD Julians to the 21st Century AD White House. Michael Vlahos. #FriendsofHistoryDebatingSociety

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Pool And Fountain Discovered At An Ancient Christian Site In Israel

israel dating ancient pool discovered fountain temples century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 8, 2022 4:40

Dating from the 4th-6th Century AD, this also has evidence of being occupied all the way back to Solomon's Temples time period. Thank you for listening! Please share and leave a five star review!

#IndianaHoenlein: The Lost Jewish Kingdom of Himyar perished in a massive Sixth-Century AD drought. Malcolm Hoenlein @Conf_of_pres @mhoenlein1.

The John Batchelor Show

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 28, 2022 4:00

Photo: #IndianaHoenlein: The Lost Jewish Kingdom of Himyar perished in a massive Sixth-Century AD drought. Malcolm Hoenlein @Conf_of_pres @mhoenlein1. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10924361/Extreme-droughts-Arabian-peninsula-paved-way-rise-Islam.html

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#388 - Fellini's Satyricon - WatchThis W/RickRamos

Watch This With Rick Ramos

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 28, 2022 74:30

Rome Before Christ, After Fellini: Fellini's Satyricon On this week's episode of WatchThis W/RickRamos, Mr. Chavez & I sit down to discuss one of the great names in all of cinema - The Great Italian Master Federico Fellini. Fellini's Satyricon (1970) is a powerful, overwhelmingly beautiful, and incredibly conflicting film based on Petronius's Late 1st Century AD look at Imperial Rome during the reign of Emperor Nero. Whether a commentary on Ancient Rome, The Contemporary Italy of the late 1960s, or both, Fellini's vision is on display through the lens of the great Italian cinematographer Giuseppe "Peppino" Rottunno, and is breathtaking and troubling. Fellini was a director unafraid of tackling images, subject matter, and tastes. This is an incredible visual feast that will challenge your sense of cinema. It's a wild ride that offers so much while dancing on the razor's edge of offense. A truly remarkable film that challenges it's viewers on many, many levels. We're proud and thrilled to be talking about this great piece of cinema. Take a listen and let us know what you think. Questions, Comments, Complaints, & Suggestions can be directed to gondoramos@yahoo.com. Many Thanks for your continued love and support.

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MULAN (2020) Disney: Gong Li, Yifei Liu, Jet Li, Jason Scott Lee, & Niki Caro

Book Vs Movie Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 22, 2022 63:10

Book Vs. Movie: Mulan The AD 6th Century Poem Vs. the 2020 Disney Live-Action FilmThe Margos are celebrating AAPI month and we are very excited about the heroine from the poem Ode to Mulan who was either a real-life Calvary soldier or not. Her bravery (fighting against “nomadic hordes”) in replacing her father in battle by disguising herself as a boy has been told since the 6th Century AD. First transcribed in the Musical Records of Old and New, during the Southern Chen dynasty (according to Wikipedia!) it was first adapted as a play in 1593 and subsequent versions used different names for the lead character. The family name is Hua which means flower and Mulan stands for “Magnolia” in Chinese. The Ballad of Mulan takes place in Northern China with Mulan's father being asked to fight off the nomadic Rourans. However, he is too old for battle and her brother is too young--so she goes to fight instead. She fights for ten years and is then asked what reward she would like for her efforts. She asks to go home and return to her former life. In the end, she claims women and men fighting next to each other should not be an anomaly. There have been several films and operas based on the story of Mulan and in this episode, we discuss the 2020 live-action version directed by Niki Caro and starring Yifei Liu, Jet Li, and Gong Li. This episode is sponsored by Kensington Books and Unstable by Alexandra Ivy. The third in a small town thriller series, which emphasizes the creepiness of small towns that hide a lot of secrets! In New York Times, bestselling author Alexandra Ivy's third bone-chilling romantic thriller set in Pike, Wisconsin, a small town with more secrets than residents, a cold case expert and her sheriff ex-husband reunite to solve a cold case when footage of a bound a gagged girl is discovered on a mysterious old VHS tape. Alexandra Ivy is the New York Times, USA Today, and Wall Street Journal bestselling author of romantic suspense, paranormal, and erotic romance. You can find her online at AlexandraIvy.com and on social media on Twitter at @AlexandraIvy. In this ep the Margos discuss:The background of the poemWomen “passing” for men in art and storytellingDisney's changes to the script and the importance of the castThe cast: Yifei Liu (Mulan,) Donnie Yen (Commander Tung,) Gong Li (Xianniang,) Jason Scott Lee (Bori Kahn,) Jet Li (the Emperor of China,) Yoson An (Chen Honghui,) and Rosalind Chao as Hua Li. Clips used:Mulan bathing in the lake scene Mulan 2020 trailerMulan revelation sceneBallad of Mulan by By the Book (YouTube) Mulan Vs XiannaingMusic by Harry Gregson Williams Book Vs. Movie is part of the Frolic Podcast Network. Find more podcasts you will love Frolic.Media/podcasts. Join our Patreon page to help support the show! https://www.patreon.com/bookversusmovie Book Vs. Movie podcast https://www.facebook.com/bookversusmovie/Twitter @bookversusmovie www.bookversusmovie.comEmail us at bookversusmoviepodcast@gmail.com Margo D. @BrooklynFitChik www.brooklynfitchick.com brooklynfitchick@gmail.comMargo P. @ShesNachoMama https://coloniabook.weebly.com/ Our logo was designed by Madeleine Gainey/Studio 39 Marketing Follow on Instagram @Studio39Marketing & @musicalmadeleine

MULAN (2020) Disney: Gong Li, Yifei Liu, Jet Li, Jason Scott Lee, & Niki Caro

Book Vs Movie Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 22, 2022 63:10

Jake Divens - Jesus Healing on the Sabbath

The Grainery Church

Play Episode Listen Later May 5, 2022 22:58

In this week's PM sermon. Jake Divens looks at the story of Jesus Healing on the Sabbath (Luke 13:10-17) and how back in 1st Century AD, you weren't allowed to do much on the Sabbath and looks at the different points of views from the three main characters in this story: Jesus, the woman who was crippled for over 18yrs and the Head of the Synagogue

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Episode 114: The origin of romance

PsycHacks

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 19, 2022 3:38

Everything has an origin, and that includes romantic love. While people have apparently been falling in love since the beginning of recorded history, the notion that this is a desirable state is actually fairly recent. In this episode, I'll discuss the origin of romantic love as it emerged in the South of France in the 11th or 12th Century AD. This origin story might be surprising, but it helps to account for a lot of otherwise inexplicable facets of romantic love.

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Your Well-Being: The Secular Experts Speak

Interior Integration for Catholics

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 7, 2022 79:40

Summary: Join us as we review how philosophers and modern secular psychologists understand mental health and well-being. In this episode, we look at the attempts to define what make us happy, from the 4th century BC to the present day. Arristipus, Aristotle, Descartes, Freud, Seligman, Porges, Schwartz, and two diagnostic systems. We take a special look at how positive psychology and Internal Family Systems see well-being. Lead in In June of 1991 I was really traumatized Just left a spiritually and psychologically abusive group and I was struggling How could this have happened I thought I was giving my life to God -- and then I find out the community I was in was like this -- Had to confront my own behaviors in the community -- manipulation, deception, betrayals of trust -- things like that. I knew I had to recover. And so I went on a quest I was still Catholic, I never lost my faith, but I felt really burned by the Catholic Church I wanted to learn everything I could about social influence, about group dynamics, about psychological manipulation -- in part so what happened before would never happen again, and also to tap into wisdom that I didn't have access to in my very sheltered community. In short, I was on a quest to find out the best of what secular psychology had to offer. I would have gone to a Catholic Graduate What I was looking for What I found Introduction Question may arise, "Why Dr. Peter, since you are a Catholic psychologist, why are you even looking at these secular sources? Why even bother with them? Don't we have everything we need in Scripture, in the traditions of the Church, in the writings of the Church Fathers and the saints, and in magisterial teaching? I thought this was a Catholic podcast here. Let me ask you question in return then -- Let's say you're experiencing serious physical symptoms -- something is wrong medically. You have intense abdominal pain, right around your navel, your belly is starting to swell, you have a low-grade fever, you've lost your appetite and you're nauseous and you have diarrhea. How would you react if I were to say to you: "Why are you considering consulting secular medical experts? What need have you of doctors and a hospital? Don't you have everything you need in Scripture, in the traditions of the Church, in the writings of the Church Fathers and the saints, and in magisterial teaching? If I responded to you like that, you might think I'm a crackpot or that I believe in faith healing alone or that I just don't get what you are experiencing. Those are the symptoms of an appendicitis, and that infected appendix could burst 48-72 hours after your first symptoms. If that happens, bacteria spread infection throughout your abdomen, and that is potentially life-threatening. You would need surgery to remove the appendix and clean out your abdomen. Remember that we are embodied beings -- we are composites of a soul and a body. The 17th Century Philosopher Rene Descartes' gave us a lot of great things, including analytic geometry, but he was wrong splitting the body from the mind in his dualism. Descartes' mind-body dualism, the idea that the body and the mind operate in separate spheres, and neither can be assimilated into the other which has been so influential in our modern era. In the last several years we are realizing just how much of our mental life and our psychological well-being is linked in various ways to our neurobiology -- the ways that our nervous systems function. And the relationship between our embodied brain and our minds is reciprocal -- each affects the other in complex ways that we are just beginning to understand. In other words, brain chemistry affects our emotional states. And our emotional states and our behaviors affect brain chemistry. It's not just our minds and it's not just our bodies and it's not just our souls -- it's all of those, all of what makes me who I am, body, mind, soul, spirit, all of it. And since Scripture, the Early Church Fathers, the Catechism and so on are silent on neurobiology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology and so many other areas that impact our minds and our well-being, as a Catholic psychologist I am going to look elsewhere, I'm going to look into secular sources. I just don't think it's reasonable to expect the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the Vatican to be experts in these areas -- it's not their calling. I just don't think anyone is going to find an effective treatment for bulimia by consulting the writings of the Early Church Fathers or in St. Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica. That is unreasonable . And it's just as unreasonable, in my opinion, to ignore the body and just try to work with the mind. I also believe that God works through non-Catholics in many ways -- many non-Catholic researchers and clinicians and theorists are using the light of natural reason to discover important realities that help us understanding well-being, and they are inspired to seek what can be known with good motivations, with good hearts and sharp minds to help and love others. I am a Catholic with upper-case C, a big C and I am catholic with a lower-case C -- a little C. Catholic with a little C. According to my Oxford American Writer's Thesaurus, Third Edition, which I rely on for wordfinding, according to this thesaurus, the synonyms for Catholic with a small c include the following terms: universal, diverse, broad-based, eclectic, comprehensive, all-encompassing, all-embracing and all-inclusive. That's what catholic with a small c means. So I am Catholic with a big C and catholic with a small c. And a final point about why I look to secular sources -- The Church herself encourages us to look to all branches of knowledge and glean what is best from them. From the CCC, paragraph 159 "Though faith is above reason, there can never be any real discrepancy between faith and reason. Since the same God who reveals mysteries and infuses faith has bestowed the light of reason on the human mind, God cannot deny himself, nor can truth ever contradict truth." "Consequently, methodical research in all branches of knowledge, provided it is carried out in a truly scientific manner and does not override moral laws, can never conflict with the faith, because the things of the world and the things of faith derive from the same God. The humble and persevering investigator of the secrets of nature is being led, as it were, by the hand of God in spite of himself, for it is God, the conserver of all things, who made them what they are." And from the Vatican II document, the Pastoral Constitution of the Church in the Modern World, paragraph 62 reads: In pastoral care, sufficient use must be made not only of theological principles, but also of the findings of the secular sciences, especially of psychology and sociology, so that the faithful may be brought to a more adequate and mature life of faith. Finally, I will say that considering the whole person -- Soul, spirit, mind and body -- all of the person is so much more helpful in the process of recovery that just splitting off the mind and working with it alone, or just trying to work with the mind and the soul but not the body. So there are pragmatic considerations, practical aspects to this. I like to practice psychology in ways that actually work. The fruit that comes from considering the body and working with the body as well the mind and soul is just so much better. And so we want to work in an integrative way. That what this podcast Interior Integration for Catholics is all about -- this is episode 90 released on March 7. 2022, titled Your Well-Being: The Secular Experts Speak and I am I am clinical psychologist Peter Malinoski, your host and companion today, and also president and Co-Founder of Souls and Hearts at soulsandhearts.com -- our mission in Souls and Hearts is to bring the best of psychology and human formation grounded in a Catholic understanding of the human person to help wounded Catholics rise above our psychological issues and human formation problems which hold us back from embracing love from Jesus, the Holy Spirit, God our Father and Mary our Mother and loving them back with our whole souls and hearts, with all our parts. Secular Sources The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 -- DSM-5 for short. From the American Psychiatric Association, which publishes the DSM-5 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. It provides a common language for clinicians to communicate about their patients and establishes consistent and reliable diagnoses that can be used in the research of mental disorders. It also provides a common language for researchers to study the criteria for potential future revisions and to aid in the development of medications and other interventions. So you would think, given that glowing description of its prowess and authority that it would tell us what psychological well-being is, it would let us know what mental health is. But if you thought that, you'd be wrong. Nowhere in the nearly 1000 pages of this tome is there are definition. You can't find it. No definition of mental health or psychological wellbeing. You get a definition of mental disorder and a couple of descriptions of what is not a mental disorder. This is a quote from page 20. Definition of a mental disorder: A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above. But no definition of what optimal functioning, or happiness or well-being or psychological health would look like. That's a real problem. How are we supposed to know what psychological disorder is when we don't know what psychological health should entail? Canadian Blogger, author and Christian pastor Tim Challies published a blog titled "Counterfeit Detection" in which he describes how Canadian federal agents are trained to detect counterfeit bills -- they first get very familiar with the real money. Real bills. Those Canadian follow what John MacArthur wrote in his book Reckless Faith. "Federal agents don't learn to spot counterfeit money by studying the counterfeits. They study genuine bills until they master the look of the real thing. Then when they see the bogus money they recognize it." Only then are they equipped to spot the forgeries. So we need a standard, we need to know what well-being looks like so we can use it as a reference point for contrasting anything which is out of order in our psyches. We're not going to get that reference point from the DSM-5, so let's turn to history. Let's go back in time to the philosophers of ancient Greece who wrote about well-being and start there. Let's see if we can find out from our secular sources what the good life is. What psychological well-being is, what mental health is. Hedonic wellbeing -- basically this is about feeling good: Aristippus, a Greek philosopher in the fourth century BC argued that the primary and ultimate goal in life should be to maximize pleasure. English philosophers Thomas Hobbes 17th century and Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century, crossing into the 19th century also embraced Hedonic well being. Definition: Hedonic wellbeing "focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance” Ryan and Deci, 2001 On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology How much pleasure can I get? How much pain can I avoid -- Hedonic wellbeing. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy The term “hedonism,” from the Greek word ἡδονή (hēdonē) for pleasure, refers to several related theories about what is good for us, how we should behave, and what motivates us to behave in the way that we do. All hedonistic theories identify pleasure and pain as the only important elements of whatever phenomena they are designed to describe. Back to Ryan and Deci “the predominant view among hedonic psychologists is that well-being consists of subjective happiness and concerns the experience of pleasure versus displeasure broadly construed to include all judgments about the good/bad elements of life. Happiness is thus not reducible to physical hedonism, for it can be derived from attainment of goals or valued outcomes in varied realms Ryan and Deci, 2001 On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology Summary statement: Hedonic well-being -- maximize the pleasure, minimize the pain. And that makes sense to us -- we all have some innate attraction to pleasure and some innate avoidance of pain. Eudaimonic wellbeing "producing happiness," 1856, from Greek eudaimonikos "conducive to happiness," from eudaimonia "happiness," from eu "good" (see eu-) + daimōn "guardian, genius" (see daimon). In contrast to hedonic wellbeing's focus on pleasure, we have eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on meaning and purpose in life. Trace this back to Aristotle also in the 4th Century BC, contemporary of Aristippus. Aristotle argued, especially in his Nichomachean Ethics -- Aristotle argued that the best things are the ones who perform their function to the highest degree. My son John Malinoski used this example in his senior thesis for Wyoming Catholic college. His thesis was titled Into the Jung-le: Exploring How Modern Psychological Methodology Relates to and Transforms the Classical Understanding of Man's Psyche and it has this passage which precisely describes how Aristotle saw well-being, using an illustrative example of a squirrel and then describing what well-being is for us as human persons: Aristotle begins his quest for the happy man with one of these endoxa: the generally held, plausible truth that the best things are the ones who perform their function to the highest degree. It seems self-evident that we would judge the worth of a squirrel based on how fast that squirrel can run, how high it can leap, or how much food it can find. In other words, the best squirrel is the one that best fulfills its squirrel nature. Correspondingly, the best man must be the man who excels at being a man; he performs the functions of man to the highest degree. While man has many functions which he shares in common with plants and animals--life, growth, sensation, and so on--he has one particular ability which is unique to him: the ability to reason. Since this higher faculty distinguishes and elevates man above the lesser beings below him, Aristotle claims that it must be the most important aspect of his soul, the characteristic function of man: “We posit the work of a human being as a certain life, and this is an activity of soul and actions accompanied by reason.”6 Since “each thing is brought to completion well in accord with the work proper to it,” it follows that “the human good becomes an activity of the soul in accord with virtue, and if there are several virtues, then in accord with the best and most complete one.”7 This is Aristotle's brief summation of the human good, or happiness. In short, the truly virtuous man has ordered his soul to the fullest extent: not only are all his actions ordered towards reason and the good, but all his inclinations point him toward these properly ordered actions as well. Gale and colleagues 2009 article in the Journal of Personality The eudaimonic perspective of wellbeing – based on Aristotle's view that true happiness comes from doing what is worth doing – focuses on meaning and self-realization, and defines wellbeing largely in terms of ways of thought and behavior that provide fulfillment. Freud Let's fast forward 2400 years now to Freud. From the 4th century BC to the 20th Century AD. To Freud A lot of people believe that Freud was really a hedonist -- in part because of his pleasure principle. In Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the pleasure principle is that driving impulse of the id -- the id is the most basic, primitive part of the personality driven by instincts, mostly buried deep in the unconscious. The pleasure principle describes how the id seeks immediate gratification of all its needs, wants, and urges, seeking with force to satiate hunger, quench thirst, discharge anger, and experience sexual pleasure. "To Love and to Work" -- summarizing in one pithy statement what a healthy man or woman should be able to do well. “Love and work…work and love, that's all there is…love and work are the cornerstones of our humanness.” -- Civilization and its Discontents Play: Freud believed and taught that play was important -- play is a creative activity, play is an adaptive activity, and play is also a therapeutic activity because play generates pleasure through the release of tension. Summarize Freud's position on happiness -- the ability to Love, work and play. Freud in his 1895 book "Studies on Hysteria" coauthored with Josef Breuer. But you will see for yourself that much has been gained if we succeed in turning your hysterical misery into common unhappiness. With a mental life that has been restored to health, you will be better armed against that unhappiness.” Freud did not promise that his psychoanalytic method would remove "common unhappiness." He taught that psychoanalysis had its limits. Which leads us to fast forward 100 years to the late 1990's and the advent of Positive Psychology, which is not satisfied by just accepting common unhappiness. Positive psychology posits that we can do something about that common unhappiness and make it better -- so it is more ambitious in its goals and promises than Freud ever was. Positive Psychology: Definitions: Peterson 2008 “Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living” positive psychology is a scientific approach to studying human thoughts, feelings, and behavior, with a focus on strengths instead of weaknesses, building the good in life instead of repairing the bad, and taking the lives of average people up to “great” instead of focusing solely on moving those who are struggling up to “normal” the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing -- flourishing really is the focus of positive psychology, it's a critical word. And there's a focus on flourishing in three primary domains. Flourishing intrapersonally -- which means within one's own person, within one's own being -- intrapersonally (e.g. biologically, emotionally, cognitively) Flourishing interpersonally (e.g. relationally), in our personal relationships And flourishing collectively (e.g. institutionally, culturally and globally) -- in our culture and society -- flourishing collectively So flourishing is the key word, and the focus is on flourishing intrapersonally, interpersonally, and collectively So what makes the good life according to positive psychologists, according to Martin Seligman? Seligman in his 2002 book Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment details four different forms of what he calls "the good life." Four different forms or ways of living well, four kinds of well-being. These are the 1) the pleasant life; 2) a good life; 3) a meaningful life; and 4) a full life. Repeat them. We'll go through each one of these starting with the pleasant life. The pleasant life: according to Martin Seligman, the pleasant life is a simple life, he says "a life that successfully pursues the positive emotions about the present, past and future" He elaborates, "The pleasant life is wrapped up in the successful pursuit of the positive feelings, supplemented by the skills of amplifying those emotions." This takes us back to the hedonic wellbeing we discussed earlier, as originally posited by Aristippus, our Greek philosopher in the fourth century BC. All about the pursuit of good feelings, maximizing positive emotions. The good life: The good life, according to positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman means "using your signature strengths to obtain abundant gratification in the main realms of one's life" So in this good life, you are able to use your particular talents and unique skills, your special strengths, being true to your own character, being true to your values and virtues, so this sense of "authenticity" is very important in the good life. So we have the pleasant life, all about positive emotions; and now the good life, in which you have abundant gratification by you doing you, by you being authentic through using your signature qualities in in the world. The good life is not a permanent state -- we are not always going to be able to use our special talents and qualities in a way that is gratifying to us -- rather, the good life has to be a process of ongoing growth, a process of development. It's all about continuing to grow. Then we have the meaningful life, that's the third form, the meaningful life. Seligman describes this as "using your signature strengths and virtues in the service of something much larger than you are" In this way of living well, you have a strong bond to "something larger than yourself." In this way of well-being, it's up to each individual what that "something larger than yourself" is going to be. So at this point we've covered three of the four kinds of well-being: we have the pleasant life, all about maximizing your pleasant emotions, we have the good life, which is all about using your signature strength and virtues to be gratified, and we have the third form, the meaningful life, in which we use our signature strengths and virtues in the service of something larger than us. This level of well-being brings us back to Aristotle and his eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on pursuing meaning and purpose in life. That leaves us with the fourth way, the full life. Seligman describes the full life as follows: «Finally, a full life consists in experiencing positive emotions about the past and future, savoring positive feelings from pleasures, deriving abundant gratification from your signature strengths, and using these strengths in the service of something larger to obtain meaning» So what is added to the first three ways of well-being in this last way, the fourth way, the full life is the concept of service. Here's where he starts to sound a little like Bob Dylan's 1979 song "Gotta Serve Somebody." In the full life, a man uses his strengths and abilities in the most optimized way to serve something larger than himself." In the full life, a woman gets outside herself and brings her talents and virtues to serve a greater good in a way that shines. The full life reflects optimal human functioning. Seligman thus is very Aristotleian in how he argues that a person has the best experience of life, the greatest sense of well-being when that person is functioning optimally, bringing all the particular talents, skills, strengths and virtues to bear in the services of the greater good. Effort to refocus psychology on wholeness and wellness -- not on illness or disorder or weaknesses or problems Focus on positive aspects A to Z list from Chapter 2 of the book Well-Being, Recovery, and Mental Health by Lindsay Oades and Lara Mossman: altruism, accomplishment, appreciation of beauty and excellence, authenticity, best possible selves, character strengths, coaching, compassion, courage, coping, creativity, curiosity, emotional intelligence, empathy, flow, forgiveness, goal setting, gratitude, grit, happiness, hope, humor, kindness, leadership, love, meaning, meditation, mindfulness, motivation, optimism, performance, perseverance, positive emotions, positive relationships, post-traumatic growth, psychological capital, purpose, resilience, savoring, self-efficacy, self-regulation, spirituality, the good life, virtues, wisdom and zest. Origin of Positive Psychology is often attributed to Abraham Maslow's 1954 book "Motivation and Personality." Really took off in the late 1990's when positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman became president of the American Psychological Society and was able to effectively popularize positive psychology Increase human strength -- make people more "productive" Nurturing of genius and fostering greater human potential Calling for research on human strength and virtue. How do human being flourish at the individual level, the community level, and at the societal level? Emphasis on Different interventions that have been found to improve levels of happiness and well-being. Best possible self -- writing about yourself at your best, remembering yourself at your best Working on forgiveness -- I find this really interesting that forgiveness -- Robert Enright has done a lot of research in this area, with a focus on letting go of anger, resentment and bitterness toward those who have caused me pain. Getting a more balanced view of the offender Reducing negative feelings toward the offender and possibly increasing compassion Relinquishing the right to punish the offender or demand restitution. Increasing gratitude -- finding things to be thankful for, reflecting on blessings, expressing gratitude in a variety of ways -- Gratitude is the expression of appreciate for what I have. Research shows many positive psychological benefits to deliberately practicing gratitude Fostering optimism -- the tendency to anticipate favorable outcomes. Things are going to work out. The glass is half full. The idea is that optimism can be learned. It can be practiced and developed and when it is, people feel better. Cultivating Mindfulness the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment“ (Kabat-Zinn, Reference Kabat-Zinn2003, p. 2) Listening to uplifting music Positive Psychotherapy Savoring (savoring can be past-focused (reminiscing about positive experiences), present-focused (savoring the moment) or future-focused (anticipating positive experiences yet to come) (Smith et al., 2014) Self-compassionate writing -- being gentle with yourself in your journal PDM 2 -- Now completely revised (over 90% new), this is the authoritative diagnostic manual grounded in psychodynamic clinical models and theories. Explicitly oriented toward case formulation and treatment planning, PDM-2 offers practitioners an empirically based, clinically useful alternative or supplement to DSM and ICD categorical diagnoses. A clinically useful classification of mental disorders must begin with a concept of healthy psychology. Mental health is more than simply the absence of symptoms. Just as healthy cardiac functioning cannot be defined as an absence of chest pain, healthy mental functioning is more than the absence of observable symptoms of psychopathology. p.3 Three major axes: Personality Organization, Mental Functioning, and Symptom Patterns Personality Organization P Axis What level of personality organization does the person have? 4 major categories -- psychotic, borderline, neurotic, and healthy. What style personality or pattern does one have -- e.g. depressive, hypomanic, masochistic, dependent, anxious-avoidant (aka phobic), obsessive-compulsive, schizoid, somatizing, hysteric/histrionic, narcissistic, paranoid, psychopathic, sadistic, and borderline. You've got one of these styles. Mental Functioning -- overall description of mental functioning -- the capacities involved in psychological health or pathology -- looking at the inner mental life of the person Symptom Patterns -- S axis -- looks at emotional states, cognitive processes, bodily experiences, and relational patterns -- looks at the person's personal experience of his or her difficulties Psychodiagnostic Chart-2 by Robert Gordon and Robert Bornstein -- downloadable Use Breaking it down Personality Organization P Axis -- What level of personality organization does the person have. 4 major categories -- psychotic, borderline, neurotic, and healthy. What style personality or pattern does one have -- e.g. depressive, hypomanic, masochistic, dependent, anxious-avoidant (aka phobic), obsessive-compulsive, schizoid, somatizing, hysteric/histrionic, narcissistic, paranoid, psychopathic, sadistic, and borderline. You've got one of these styles. To be able to understand oneself in complex, stable, and accurate ways To maintain intimate, stable, and satisfying relationships To use more healthy defenses and copings strategies -- anticipation, self-assertion, sublimation, suppression, altruism and humor To appreciate, if not necessarily conform to, conventional notions of what is realistic Life problems rarely get out of hand There is enough flexibility to accommodate to challenging realities Mental Functioning M axis Cognitive processes capacity to regulate thinking, attention, learning Capacity to communicate one's thoughts to others Emotional processes to be able to experience a full range of emotions To regulate emotions well To understand one's own emotions To be able to communicate one's emotions Identity -- deals with the question, who am I? Capacity for differentiation -- a solid sense of being psychological separate from others -- not fused, or enmeshed or co-dependent Regulation of self-esteem Awareness of internal experience Relationships Capacity for relationships Capacity for intimacy Defenses and coping Impulse control -- regulation of impulses Defensive functioning -- able to use effective coping strategies e.g. extreme denial vs. humor Adaptation -- this is a state, reflecting how an individual deals with specific stressors going on in life right now Resilience -- this is a trait -- general ability Check out episodes 20, 21, 22, and 23 of this podcast for a four part series on resilience American Psychological Association defines resilience as “the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress— such as family and relationship problems, serious health problems or workplace and financial stressors. It means "bouncing back" from difficult experiences.” So resilience is a trait. Strength Self-awareness Self-observing capacities -- psychological mindfulness Self-direction Capacity to construct and use internal standards and ideal A sense of meaning and purpose in life Symptom patterns -- S Axis the severity of psychological symptoms Polyvagal theory -- we spent the last episode, episode 89 titled "Your Body, Your Trauma: Protection vs. Connection discussing Stephen Porges' Polyvagal Theory. Deb Dana: Polyvagal Exercises for Safety and Connection The ventral vagal system truly powers the journey to well-being Now remember, the ventral vagal system corresponds to the ventral branch of the vagal nerve-- and the ventral vagal system serves the social engagement system -- remember -- that's the relational connection system. The ventral vagal nerve dampens the body's regularly active state. The ventral vagal nerve allows activation of the autonomic nervous system in a nuanced way, thus offering a different quality than sympathetic activation -- that's how you can being excited and celebrate your favorite sports team score again against their rivals without becoming overwhelmed by a fight or flight response. What is it like to be in a ventral vagal state? It's a positive state -- it's not just the absence of being in sympathetic hyperarousal when you are in fight or flight. It's also not just the absence of being in a dorsal vagal hypoarousal shutdown or freeze state. It's more than just those two systems being downregulated. It's the ventral vagal system being activated. It's an active state with these properties Physical responses Reduced heart rate Steady breathing Relaxed digestion Rest and recuperation Vitality Circulation to extremities Stress reduction Psychological responses A sense of calm A sense of safety Feeling grounded Joy Mindfulness An ability to be very much in the present moment Relational responses Desire for connection with others. A genuine interest in others Openness and receptivity in relationship Acceptance and embracing of vulnerability Empathy and compassion for others Oxytocin is released that stimulates social bonding Ability to related and to connect with others without anxiety This state changes the way we look and sound to others -- the tone and rhythm of your voice is more inviting Story -- I'm in a good place, I can be loved and love, I can connect with others, there is good in the world. Live is so worth living, and I want to share joy and peace and even sorrow and challenges with other people. So polyvagal theory is going to focus specifically on the regulation of your nervous system in assessing your well-being. The more you can be in a ventral vagal state, whether you are resting or excited, the better. So for those therapists who use polyvagal theory, there is a focus on resetting the autonomic nervous system, helping us in a bodily way to get back to a ventral vagal state. And we contrast that to the sympathetic fight or flight response and the dorsal vagal shutdown response. Danger activates the sympathetic system, we are all about survival now Physical responses Body is mobilized for action. Ready to run / Efforts to escape Hypervigilance -- body goes on high alert, pupils dilating, letting more light Very high levels of energy in this state, adrenaline rush Muscles get tense Blood pressure rises Heart rate accelerates Adrenaline releases Extra oxygen is circulated to vital organs Digestion decreases Immune response is suppressed Psychological responses Emotional Overwhelm usually worry moving to anxiety to fear to panic Or frustration to irritation to anger to rage confrontational, aggressive Scanning for threats Capacity for complex, flexible reasoning is very much reduced -- leads to confusion No sense of safety, you start missing signs of safety and misreading signs of safety Relational responses Sense of separation, isolation from others-- cut off from others, no sense of relational connection anymore -- the connection is sacrificed in order to seek greater protection Disconnection from self, others, world, disconnected spiritually.-- you can't see others, really, except through the lens of danger and safety If we don't feel safe, there's no way we can provide a sense of safety to others. Story: The world is unsafe and people are dangerous, unfriendly, scary, falling apart When the mobilization doesn't bring a resolution to the distress -- then the ANS takes the final step, and shoots the last arrow it has in its quiver. This is the freeze response. When there is a deep sense that my life is threatened and the sympathetic activation doesn't resolve the perceived threat, then the dorsal vagal system kicks in. That's the freeze response, that's the collapse into "dorsal vagal lifelessness" Physical response Heart rate decreases, slows way down Blood pressure drops Body temperature decreases Muscle tone relaxes Breathing becomes shallow Immune response drops Pain threshold increases -- greater pain tolerance because of endorphin release that numbs pain. Immobilization response -- appearing physically dead Digestion and metabolism slows way down -- going into conservation mode, like hibernating until the life threat passes. Psychological response Sense of helplessness Depression, despondency, lethargy Numbing out Disconnection Thinking become very foggy, fuzzy, unclear Dissociation, Spacing out, feeling disconnect from the present, untethered, floating, derealization Feeling trapped Preparing for death Feeling hopeless Shutting down and feeling psychologically inert, paralyzed Feeling a deep sense of shame Relational response Very isolated Can't listen to others, don't notice them very well, because of how shut down and self-absorbed you are in this state Can't share very well, difficulty with words Very little agency Can't focus Story: A story of despair. I am unlovable, invisible, lost, alone, in desperate straits, about to die. So polyvagal theory is going to focus specifically on the regulation of your nervous system in assessing your well-being. According to polyvagal theory if we are in sympathetic arousal, the fight or flight mode, we are focused on the perceived dangers around us and we focus on self-protection. This leads us to sacrifice connection with others. If we are in the dorsal vagal shutdown, the freeze response, we hiding from the prospect of imminent death, shutting down into a conservation mode, hoping to survive the perceived imminent lethal danger by becoming immobile. So for those therapists informed by polyvagal theory, there is a focus on resetting the autonomic nervous system, helping us in a bodily way to get back to a ventral vagal state, to leave the dorsal vagal shutdown state, to leave the sympathetic fight-or-flight state and get back to a peaceful bodily state. These therapists start with the body, not so much the mind. Internal Family Systems or IFS-- developed by Richard Schwartz, described in the first edition of Internal Family System Therapy which was published in 1995 IFS brings systems thinking inside -- it conceptualized the human person as a living system. Richard Schwartz is a family therapist who was trained in family systems work. He recognized that the inner life of a person mirrored family life, from a systems perspective. But before we go much further, let's ask the question -- What is a system: Definition from Ben Lutkevich at techtarget.com Systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems. The systems thinking approach contrasts with traditional analysis, which studies systems by breaking them down into their separate elements. Wellbeing according to IFS is when inner system of the person shows certain qualities Balance -- the degree of influence that each member has in the system on decisions making is appropriate and that the boundaries are balanced and appropriate within the system. Harmony -- an effort is made to find the role each member desires and and for which he is best suited. Members of the system work together, cooperatively. The harmony of the system allows each member to find and pursue his own vision while fitting that member's vision into the broader vision of the system as a whole. There is cooperation and collaboration among the members of the system. Leadership --One or more members of the system must have the ability and respect to do the following: Mediate polarizations Facilitate the flow of information withing the system Ensure that all members of the system are protected and cared for and that they feel valued and encouraged to pursue their individual vision within the limits of the system's needs Allocate resources, responsibilities, and influence fairly Provide a broad perspective and vision for the system as a whole Represent the system in interaction with other systems And interpret feedback from other systems honestly Development -- the members of the system and the system itself can grow -- developing the skills and relationships needed to carry out the vision of the system. IFS model of the person Person is composed of a body, plus his parts, plus his self -- that's the internal system of a person -- body, parts, and self This will be a review for many of you who listen to the podcast Self: The core of the person, the center of the person. This is who we sense ourselves to be in our best moments, and when our self is free, and unblended with any of our parts, it governs our whole being as an active, compassionate leader, with a deep sense of recollection on the natural level. You can also experience being in self as an expansive state of mind We want to be recollected, we want the self governing all of our parts Like the conductor -- leading the musicians in an orchestra Like the captain -- leading and governing all the sailors on a ship. When we are recollected, in self, 8 C's -- this is the ideal state Calm -agitation, frustration, anxious, stressed, angry Curiosity -- indifferent, disinterested, seeing other parts and seeing other people in two dimensions, one dimension, or no dimensions -- Episode 72 -Y- nuanced vs. reductionistic understandings of ourselves and others. Compassion -- cold, uncaring, unfriendly, hard, reserved, unsympathetic Confidence -- timid, pessimistic, doubtful and insecure Courage -- fearful, shy, faint-hearted, irresolute Clarity -- confused, muddled inside, things are obscured, dark inside, foggy, sees vague forms moving in a shadow world. Connectedness -- internal fragmentation, disjointed, distant, aloof Creativity -- uninspired, inept, very conventional, repetitive futility, doing the same thing over and over again, with no different results Parts: Separate, independently operating personalities within us, each with own unique prominent needs, roles in our lives, emotions, body sensations, guiding beliefs and assumptions, typical thoughts, intentions, desires, attitudes, impulses, interpersonal style, and world view. Each part also has an image of God and also its own approach to sexuality. Robert Falconer calls them insiders. IFS has two states Unblended -- this is when one is in a state of self Unburdened -- this is when our parts are freed from their burndens. Interpersonal Neurobiology -- pioneered by Daniel Siegel Definition -- Interpersonal Neurobiology is not a separate discipline -- it's not something that would have its own academic department within a university, for example. Rather, it is an interdisciplinary framework -- and that means that Interpersonal Neurobiology or IPNB for short, draws from many different disciplines -- many different approaches that have their own individual and unique rigorous approaches to studying phenomena relevant to well-being. I'm very into IPNB -- taking a Master Class with Daniel Siegel right now. We're going to get into Interpersonal Neurobiology and it's views on mental health and well being in Episode 92 of this podcast Closing Weekly emails Special bonus podcast will be coming to you on Friday, March 25, 2022 -- the feast of the Annunciation, with an exciting announcement, this is just an extra podcast about a major effort that we are involved in at Souls and Hearts. Dr. Gerry Crete will be joining me to discuss this with you. So tune in then for all the new happenings at Souls and Hearts Catholic Therapists and Grad Students -- I will be doing a free Zoom webinar at from 7:30 PM to 8:45 PM Eastern time on Saturday March 26, 2022 on Internal Family Systems and loving your neighbor -- it's all about how understanding myself and others from an IFS perspective can help us love each other -- any Catholic therapist or grad student in a mental health field is free to attend. Email Patty Ellenberger, our office manager at admin@soulsandhearts.com for a registration link. Dr. Gerry's Catholic Journeymen Community has relaunched within Souls and Hearts. Men -- you are welcome to join a group of faithful Catholic men seeking restoration, wholeness, and integrity in areas of sexuality and relationship with God, self, and others. Catholic Journeymen is a safe space for men to share burdens, receive support, and be nourished by a distinctive program combining behavioral health science and Catholic spirituality. Check that out at soulsandhearts.com/catholic-journeymen. Conversation Hours You are a listener to this podcast, and in that sense, you are with me. I am also with you! Remember, can call me on my cell any Tuesday or Thursday from 4:30 PM to 5:30 PM Eastern Time for our regular conversation hours. I've set that time aside for you. 317.567.9594. (repeat) or email me at crisis@soulsandhearts.com. Waiting list is open for The Resilient Catholics Community at Soulsandhearts.com/rcc for our June 2022 So much information there and videos. Patron and Patroness

united states god love jesus christ live church father english mental health man mother soul men work real canadian research zoom motivation happiness co founders holy spirit mental gratitude speak positive recovery safety scripture greek journal hearts catholic effort greece studies federal masterclass personality definition souls wellbeing bc doctrine bob dylan separate repeat jung vatican catholics freud ans psyche schwartz civilization aristotle transforms flourishing secular modern world socially congregation positive psychology hysteria diagnostic dsm ccc your body catechism descartes thomas aquinas ifs annunciation internal family systems john macarthur polyvagal theory american psychiatric association church fathers vatican ii icd martin seligman abraham maslow mental disorders catholic bishops thomas hobbes statistical manual seligman spacing richard schwartz annual reviews third edition stephen porges thesaurus jeremy bentham daniel siegel to love tim challies explicitly deci hedonic robert gordon gotta serve somebody pdm united states conference early church fathers interpersonal neurobiology mental disorders dsm summa theologica century bc realize your potential kabat zinn century ad robert enright american psychological society robert falconer gerry crete new positive psychology peter malinoski

#062: Magnetsmykkers gavnlige effekt

Spækbrættet

Play Episode Play 49 sec Highlight Listen Later Mar 7, 2022 67:05

Magneter har altid haft en særlig plads i Flemmings hjerte. Men Flemming er ikke dum. Flemming ved godt at magneter ikke er til for at hjælpe ham. Magneter giver ikke, magneter tager.Det er der rigtig mange mennesker i verdenen der ikke er klar over, og derfor er "helende" magnetsmykker blevet en milliard-industri der har eksisteret nærmest siden oldtidens Grækenland. Og i dag skal vi til bunds i hvorfor.Hør med når Flemming deler sin kærlighed til magneter med dig, og når han fortæller hvorfor han alligevel ikke tror på at de kan kurere hans blodtryksproblemer.Hvis du vil være med til at optage live med os på Discord kan du støtte os på 10er og blive en af vores kernelyttere https://bit.ly/VU10er - hvis pengene er knappe kan du også bare tjekke vores Facebookgruppe ud, vi hygger max!Du kan også tjekke vores webshop: bit.ly/vushop. Vi har T-shirts, kaffekopper og tasker! Og meget mere! Der er også en hønsetrøje!Send os vanvittig videnskab eller stil et spørgsmål på facebook, Instagram eller vudfordret@gmail.comTak til Christian Eiming for disclaimer.Tak til Barometer-Bjarke for Gak-O-meteret.Husk at være dumme

#Londinium90AD: Gaius and Germanicus observe the 21st Century AD Year of Seven Emperors, remembering the 1st Century AD Year of Four Emperors. Michael Vlahos.

The John Batchelor Show

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 27, 2022 11:16

Photo: Roman Britain around AD 410, without speculative provincial borders. @Batchelorshow #Londinium90AD: Gaius and Germanicus observe the 21st Century AD Year of Seven Emperors, remembering the 1st Century AD Year of Four Emperors.. Michael Vlahos. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors

21st century observe emperors gaius vlahos century ad germanicus

Women Pirates!

Midnight Train Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2022 114:36

Research borrowed from: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/were-there-female-pirates https://www.piratesquest.co.uk/top-10-famous-female-pirates/ Mentalfloss.com https://www.badassoftheweek.com/teuta There have been dramatic Tales of women sailing the open oceans and seas throughout history. Most of these legends began from the Golden Age of Piracy (1650 to 1720). However, there are stories of female pirates dating back thousands of years. According to history, women weren't permitted to stay on ships once they had set sail. Sailor superstitions thought that women on merchant and military vessels were bad luck and could mean disaster at sea. The presence of women was believed to anger the water gods, which might cause storms, violent waves, and weather. Others thought that women would just distract the male sailors at sea and fall victim to harassment and even violence. Women weren't allowed to hold jobs at sea until the 20th Century. Some women would disguise themselves as men, using a fake name, but there could be severe penalties if they were caught. So the only way for most women to participate in running a merchant vessel before 1900 was through their relations or marriage. Only recently, women were allowed at sea within the British Royal Navy. In October 1990, during the Gulf War, the HMS Brilliant carried the first women officially to serve on a functioning warship. In 1998, Commander Samantha Moore became one of the first female officers to command a Royal Navy warship, HMS Dasher. The superstitions and old-school customs for military and commercial vessels were also held for pirates. Historically, women who remained on ships at sea would have to do so illegitimately and in disguise. They would also need to learn the critical skills necessary for a life at sea before setting sail. Without this knowledge, it would have been tough to be a female sailor, let alone a pirate. Piracy was a criminal act, so becoming a pirate could mean being arrested and even killed. It wasn't a decision taken lightly. Although pirates are often portrayed as swashbuckling heroes or villains, many were ordinary men and women forced into piracy to survive difficult times. Piracy has been around since people first hopped on a boat, so it's likely women dressed like the women or as sailors of their time. But unfortunately, many of the depictions of male and female pirates we see today are glamorized accounts of the 17th Century's golden age of piracy. The rise of popular fiction tales in the 1800s dramatically affected our understanding of pirate attire. One example is "The Penny Dreadful," a famous book series of the 1860s - both in the United States and the British Empire. These cheap books told sensational stories of adventure. They featured pirates and highwaymen, likely a leading source for many tales and imagery of female pirates today. As we mentioned, many women who became sailors often had to hide their identity and conceal their gender by dressing like men. However, the stories of Grace O'Malley, Mary Read, and Anne Bonny show that these pirates did not hide their gender. They wore whatever they wanted, depending on what they were doing. In the pamphlet "The Tryals of Captain John Rackam and other Pirates" published in 1721, people of the time said: "When they saw any Vessel, gave Chase, or Attacked, they wore Men's Cloaths; and, at other Times, they wore Women's Cloaths." Ok, let's talk about some of the more famous lady pirates. Queen Teuta of Illyria Queen Teuta of the Illyrians was a badass Classical Age warrior queen who oversaw a fleet of hardcore pirates. She tormented the Spartans in their own backyard, led armies and navies that conquered cities and islands along the Adriatic coast, and told the Romans to eat a bag of dicks. Then she went out on her own terms by hurling herself off a mountain after supposedly burying 6,000 pounds of gold in a secret location at a place called Devil's Island. Her last words were a curse that doomed the Albanian city of Durres to "never have a seafaring tradition." Yet, she's still a national heroine of Albania, appears on their 100 lek coin (basically the $1 bill), and is generally depicted in full armor with a take-no-prisoners demeanor. Queen Teuta's husband was King Agron, a pretty brutal warrior-type dude. He ruled over one of the more powerful Illyrian tribes. Illyria is what Greeks called anyone who lived on the Adriatic coast north of Greece. Still, Agron and Teuta were almost certainly from present-day Albania. This detail bears mentioning mostly because the Albanians don't really like being confused with Serbs or Croats. In 231 BC, King Agron put together an awe-inspiring army, conquered Illyria in a whirlwind of blood, and set his sights south towards Greece. One tribe near the Greek border that was really pissing him off was the Aetolians. So when they laid siege on a city allied with Agron, the Illyrian King responded by launching 5,000-guys in a water-based night attack from the Adriatic Sea. The King captured the high ground, charged downhill with heavy infantry, destroyed their camp, and broke their Army's spirit. The victory was considered so awesome that everyone just went nuts and had this colossal rager party. In all of his amazingness, King Agron got so drunk that his lungs exploded. Rule of the Illyrians technically passed to Agron's son, but he was only two years old. Teuta took over as the boss. She went right to work taking over where her hubby King Agron left off plundering, conquering, destroying everything in sight, and so on. She sent armies to the Peleponnese, sacking and ravaging the lands Sparta was supposed to defend. Her troops captured Phoenice, the wealthiest city in the Northern Greek region of Epirus. She held it for ransom and then gave it back to its people in exchange for money, slaves, treasure, and the undying loyalty of its citizens. When she wasn't dispatching armies to loot and plunder her enemies, she told any Albanian man with a rowboat and a scimitar to step up. She wasn't going to punish them if they raided, pirated, and plundered ships along the Adriatic… as long as she received a percentage of the profits. For the next few years, no ships were safe. The Illyrian pirate fleet destroyed Greek and Roman shipping, dominating the wealthiest and most trade-heavy waters on earth, taking whatever they wanted. Yes, they were killing it. However, this craziness didn't really go down well with the new power in the Mediterranean-- the Roman Republic. So Rome sent two brothers to talk to Teuta and tell her to knock it off. They met her in her throne room in the city of Scoda. They demanded that she order a cease-fire on all Illyrian piracy and pay Rome reparations for all the ships and goods they lost. Teuta was busy managing the Siege of Issa and all the other conquests she was undertaking. So (according to Roman sources), she told the brothers that "it was contrary to the custom of the Illyrian kings to hinder their subjects from winning booty from the sea." Or, eat one! Well, as you probably guessed, the Romans didn't like hearing this, especially from a woman. The ambassadors basically started lecturing Queen Teuta on manners, respect, and yadda yadda yadda. Naturally, Queen Teuta had that dude's throat cut, and his brother chucked into an Albanian prison. Things were great until five or six years into Queen Teuta's reign when the Romans showed up with a big ol fleet and 20,000 legionnaires. All battle-hardened from the War with Carthage and drilled by professional Roman drill instructors. Teuta rallied the Illyrian defenses, but she was immediately betrayed by her top General named Demetrius. Teuta fought heroically but ultimately was forced to surrender to Rome in 227 BC. There are rumors that she took a bunch of treasure she'd accumulated from her pirates and armies and buried it in a cave on an island somewhere in her domain. The Romans allowed Teuta to rule a small domain after she surrendered. Still, they made that traitor Demetrius the regent for King Agron's young son. Not long after, Rome decided to get rid of Demetrius, and of course, our fearless Queen. Upon hearing of Rome's plans, Teuta fled her palace. She climbed to the top of a nearby mountain, placed a curse on the city of Risan so that they'd never be able to build a good ship again, and then hurled herself off a mountain to her death. Teuta is a pretty common name in Albania to this day. She appears on their money and has a special place in the hearts of the Albanian people. Go to the city of Durres. You'll see that the National Bank of Albania has a statue of her reclining on a chaise lounge and wearing nothing but a spear, a shield, and a helmet. Ladgerda Ladgerda (also spelled Lagertha) was a Danish Viking pirate who lived in the 9th Century AD. She was a shieldmaiden - Viking women who carried a sword and shield, known for their ferocity and skills in battle on land and sea. With only a few accounts of her life known to exist, historians have controversy whether Ladgerda is, in fact, a legendary figure and a substitute for the actions of a group of women. One story suggests that she rescued her husband's fleet from a warring tribe but, on saving him, murdered him with a concealed knife and took his place as the leader of the tribe. You may have heard of her from the show "Vikings," kicking ass and taking names. Jeanne de Clisson Jeanne de Clisson, the Lioness of Brittany. Noblewoman, wife, mother, pirate. Jeanne swore revenge against the French King after the execution of her husband. She raised a fleet of ships that terrorized the French and led a loyal army to sack many French strongholds for over a decade. And she did so alone in the 14th Century. Jeanne de Belleville was born in 1300 in Belleville-sur-Vie into the French nobility. She married her first husband, Geoffrey de Châteaubriant VIII, at only 12 years old. He was seven years her senior. In fourteen years of marriage, they had two children. In 1326, Jeanne was widowed. In 1328, she married Guy of Penthièvre, though this marriage was short-lived and annulled in 1330. The same year, Jeanne married for the third time, which would lead to her infamy. Olivier de Clisson IV was a wealthy Breton nobleman whose property included Château de Clisson, a manor house in Nantes, and lands at Blain. Jeanne had also inherited land in the province of Poitou, south of the Breton border, and these combined assets made them a real power couple of the 14th Century. Their marriage resulted in five children, including their son, Olivier V de Clisson, later known as 'The Butcher', due to his brutality in battle. Their eldest child, Isabeau, was born in 1325. At the time, Jeanne was still married to her first husband and Olivier to his first wife, who died in 1329. We know little of their relationship, but it's easy to note the timing of the annulment of her second marriage, in 1330, to the death of Olivier's wife a year prior. Their marriage was likely a rare love match. Amidst a complex backdrop of conflict, like so many wars, Jeanne and her husband supported Charles de Blois as Duke of Brittany. But for reasons unknown, Charles de Blois was mistrustful of Olivier de Clisson, questioning his loyalty. Sources differ on the cause for this mistrust. Some claim that Olivier defected to join the English side. Another story points to Olivier's capture by the English during the capture of the city of Vannes in 1342. Olivier de Clisson had been acting as military commander alongside Hervé VII de Léon, in defense of the city when it fell. What is strange, however, was the terms of Olivier's release. He was released in exchange for Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, a prisoner of the French, and for a suspiciously low ransom. Hervé VII de Léon, meanwhile, was never released. It is thought that the low ransom for Olivier's freedom gave Charles de Blois reason to distrust him. He made a devil's deal! Due to Charles de Blois' suspicion, in 1343, Olivier was captured with fifteen other Breton Lords at a tournament and taken to Paris to be tried in court. On August 2 1343, Olivier de Clisson was found guilty on several counts of treason and sentenced to be executed by beheading immediately. Olivier's trial shocked the nobility due to his guilt's lack of available evidence. However, his death was equally shocking, as the public desecrating/exposing a body was usually reserved for low-class criminals rather than members of the nobility. The death of her third husband was a turning point in Jeanne's life, and it is fair to say that she was never the same again. She took her two young sons to Nantes to show them the head of their father, displayed on a pike at the Sauvetout gate. She did this with the intention of searing hatred in their hearts. She swore her revenge against the French King, Phillip VI, and Charles de Blois in her fury. She considered her husband's execution to be an act of cowardice and murder. She sold the de Clisson estates, using the money to raise an army of men who had been loyal to her husband. Leading this Army, she attacked many French strongholds. First, her Army massacred the entire garrison, except for a sole survivor. Then, her Army rampaged along the Normandy coast, burning many villages to the ground. In 1343, Jeanne was found guilty of treason, confiscating her remaining lands. However, it seems she otherwise escaped the charge without punishment. That same year, King Edward III granted Jeanne income from English-owned lands in Brittany. Soon, she turned her attention to piracy, building a fleet of ships. Painted coal-black, their sails dyed blood red, others dubbed the ships "The Black Fleet." During this time, she earned her nickname, the Lioness, or Tigress, of Brittany. Jeanne named her flagship 'My Revenge.' With the support of the English King, Jeanne's fleet scoured the channel, attacking any French ship that she encountered, massacring entire crews. However, she left a few witnesses to send a warning message to the French King. Jeanne continued pirating the English channel for another 13 years until the sinking of her flagship in 1356. Along with her two sons, she was adrift at sea for five days, during which Jeanne rowed non-stop in search of rescue. Unfortunately, despite her best efforts, her son, Guillaume, died of exposure. Jeanne and her surviving son were eventually rescued and taken to Morlaix. It is said that Jeanne de Clisson's ghost still haunts Château de Clisson, her beloved third husband's castle, to this day. Lady Mary Killigrew Another fearsome pirate of the Elizabethan era, Mary Wolverston, or Lady Killigrew (before 1525 – after 1587) was known for her pirate activities along the Cornish coast. Mary was the daughter of Lord Phillip Wolverton, a former pirate. She later married Sir Henry Killigrew, a pirate who was later made a Vice-Admiral by Queen Elizabeth I. While Henry was employed to uphold maritime law, some ex-pirates were engaged as "privateers," sailing under the favor of the Crown to amass illicit profits for England. Mary was known to be a champion of her husband's criminal activities. She redesigned their home at Arwenak castle to hide stolen goods, cut deals with smugglers, and raid ships. It is thought that the Queen turned a blind eye to this and even pardoned her in later life. Grace O'Malley Grace O'Malley (a. 1530 - 1603) was a formidable Irish pirate and a decisive leader who successfully defended her lands against English governance and other hostile Irish clans. O'Malley was the daughter of a chieftain and was educated in seafaring by her father. After his death, she took to the seas (even giving birth to her first child while aboard a vessel). As the English began occupying Ireland, O'Malley fortified important coastal defenses and offered her support to Irish rebels. She even met with Queen Elizabeth I in September 1594 at Greenwich Castle where they created a treaty in Latin. Mary Read Mary Read was born in Devon County, England, in the late 17th Century. She had a harsh childhood. Her father had died before she was born, and her half-brother Mark passed away soon afterward. Nevertheless, Mary's paternal grandmother supported Mary and her mother only because she thought her grandson Mark was still alive. To keep the death of Mary's brother a secret from his grandmother, Mary was raised as a boy, pretending to be her older brother. When Mary Read was about thirteen years old, her grandmother died. Mary still dressed as a boy and had to find a job with boyish habits. She became a footboy to a wealthy French woman who lived in London. Unsatisfied with her current position, Mary escaped and boarded a man-o-war. A few years passed, and she became bored again. This time she joined the Army, where she met her future husband. After confessing love and her true gender to him, they left the Army, married, and opened an Inn called Three Horseshoes near Castle Breda. Mary Read was always surrounded by death. After just a few months of marriage, her husband got sick and died. Desperate, she just wanted to escape from everything and joined the Army again. This time, she boarded a Dutch ship that sailed to the Caribbean. Mary's ship was attacked and captured by the pirate, Calico Rackham Jack, who took all English captured sailors as part of his crew. Unwillingly she became a pirate. Soon after, she started to enjoy the pirate way of life. When she could leave Rackham's ship, Mary decided to stay. On Rackham's ship, she met the one and only Anne Bonny. Being the only women on the boat and sharing a lot in common, they quickly became good friends. Some people believe that Mary Read was in a romantic relationship with Anne Bonny, Rackham, or even crewmembers. Mary's pirate career ended in October 1720. She was captured by Captain Barnet in a desperate battle. In Port Royal, they stood trial. Rackam and his crew were found guilty of piracy, but Mary and Anne were spared because they claimed to be preggers. Mary Read died with her unborn child in prison from fever. She was buried at St. Catherine's parish in Jamaica. Anne Bonny Most of what is known of Bonny's life comes from the volume A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates (1724), written by a Capt. Charles Johnson (thought by some scholars to be a pseudonym of English writer Daniel Defoe, not to be confused with the green goblin, Willem Defoe) and considered highly speculative. Anne was thought to be the illegitimate daughter of Irish lawyer William Cormac and a maid working in his household. Cormac separated from his wife after discovering his cheatin' ass ways and later assumed custody of Anne. Following his hookup with her mother, he lost most of his clientele, and the trio emigrated to Charles Towne (now Charleston, South Carolina). Anne's mother died of typhoid fever when Anne was 13 years old. Her father betrothed her to a local man, but Anne resisted. Instead, in 1718 she married sailor John Bonny, with whom she traveled to the island of New Providence in the Bahamas. Her husband became an informant for the governor of the Bahamas. Not happy with her marriage, she became involved with pirate John (“Calico Jack”) Rackham, which hopefully sounds familiar unless you're drunk like Logan. He offered to pay her husband to divorce her—a common practice at the time—but John Bonny “aw, hell Nah!” In August 1720, Anne Bonny abandoned her husband and assisted Rackham in commandeering the sloop William from Nassau Harbour on New Providence. Along with a dozen others, the pair began pirating merchant vessels along the coast of Jamaica. Rackham's decision to have Bonny accompany him was highly unusual, as women were considered bad luck aboard ships. Her fierce disposition may have swayed him: fictional stories claimed that when she was younger, she had beaten an attempted rapist so severely that he was hospitalized. Bonny did not conceal her gender from her shipmates, though when pillaging, she disguised herself as a man and participated in armed conflict. Accounts differ on when her female compatriot Mary Read joined the crew. Some state that Read—who had served as a mercenary while disguised as a man—was among the original hijackers of the William, while others claim that she was aboard a Dutch merchant ship that Rackham's crew captured. On November 15, 1720, Capt. Jonathan Barnet caught up with the William at Negril Point, Jamaica. Except for Bonny and Read, who fiercely battled their pursuers, the crew was too drunk to resist, and they were captured and brought to Spanish Town, Jamaica, for trial. Rackham and the male crew members were immediately found guilty and hung. Bonny and Read were tried on November 28. Though they too were found guilty and sentenced to death, their recently discovered pregnancies won them stays of execution. Read died in prison the following year, but Bonny was released, likely because of her father's influence. She returned to Charles Towne, where she married, had children, and lived out the remainder of her life. Jacquotte Delahaye Delahaye was born around 1630 in Haiti, though there is no evidence of her birth, and many of the stories seem to originate from 1940s writer Léon Treich. Legend believes that the British navy killed her father, and her mother died during childbirth. As she was destitute, she joined a pirate crew and later commanded a fleet of ships. With striking red hair and the legendary status of surviving many dangerous encounters, she was named "Back From The Dead Red." Ching Shih Contrary to popular belief, the most successful pirate-lord in recorded history was not Blackbeard, Henry Morgan, Sir Francis Drake, or any other human with a wiener. Instead, it was an extraordinary Asian woman known today by Ching Shih, which translates to ‘Ching's widow.' Her saga is nothing less than an exhilarating rag to riches story. At the height of her power, she commanded over 800 large ships, 1000 smaller vessels, and over 70,000 pirate crew, comprised of both men and women. In comparison, Blackbeard, at his peak, commanded only 300 ships and a few thousand pirate crew. Ching Shih was born as Shih Yang, in 1775, in the poverty-ridden society of Guangdong province, in China. Like many of the women of this period, on attaining puberty at the age of thirteen, she was forced into prostitution to supplement her family's income. She worked in one of the floating brothels, also known as flower boats, in the Cantonese port city. These boats would sail along the nearby coast with the customer on board. Back then, the Chinese perceived that the boat's rocking added an entirely new dimension to sexual pleasures and enhanced the overall experience. If the ships a Rockin… you get it. In a short period, young Ching Shih had become the talk of the town due to her striking beauty, poised nature, and lavish hospitality. These attributes attracted several high-profile customers, including courtiers of the royal palace, army military commanders, wealthy merchants visiting the port city, and many more. Apart from this, very little is known about her early life, given her humble origins. In 1801, Zheng Yi, a notorious pirate commander of the infamous Red Flag Fleet, encountered Ching Shih in the Cantonese port and was smitten by her beauty. Of course, he visited the floating brothel and met Ching Shih, expressed his feelings, and asked her to marry him. Ching Shih told him that she would marry him if “she was granted fifty percent share over his monetary gains and a partial control over his pirate fleet.” This demand showed that she did not want to end up as eye candy for her husband for the rest of her life. Drowned in his boner-filled love for her, Zheng Yi invariably agreed to her conditions, and they got hitched. The truth of this chain of events is often debated today. Historians claim that Zheng Yi had ordered his men to abduct Ching Shih from the brothel, forcibly marrying her. Regardless, it was Ching Shih who benefited the most from their union, and her encounter with Zheng Yi is often considered to be her stepping stone to greater glory, which in turn got her etched into history as one of the most successful pirates in recorded human history. Under the joint command of Zheng Yi and Ching Shih, the Red Flag Fleet began to grow and prosper like never before. The fleet grew from 200 ships, at the time of their wedding, to 1800 ships, in the next few months. Immediately after joining her husband, Ching Shih implemented some crucial changes and constituted the code of laws to be followed to the T by all the crew. Here are a few: 1) Pirates who gave unauthorized orders or those who refused to follow orders were executed on the spot without a chance to justify themselves. 2) All seized goods had to be presented for inspection. If any pirate was found hiding or under-reporting goods, a part of their body was chopped off depending on the scale of the crime. 3) Loyalty and honesty were greatly appreciated, and worthy pirates were rewarded generously, setting an example for the others. 4) Female captives needed to be treated respectfully. They were segregated based on their looks. The weak, pregnant, and ugly ones were freed as soon as possible. 5) The beautiful women captives were held back for ransom. The pirates were given the freedom to marry these attractive women under mutual consent. 6) Infidelity and rape were treated as serious offenses. These offenders were immediately hanged. In the case of consensual pre-marital sex, both the offenders were executed. In some instances, the man was castrated, and the woman was banished from the fleet. Apart from these, several economic reforms were implemented, considering the crew's happiness as an expression of gratitude towards them. This addition resulted in many of the pirate groups of the region merging themselves unconditionally under the banner of the Red Flag Fleet, which resulted in it becoming the largest pirate fleet on the face of the planet. Meanwhile, unable to conceive a future heir, the pirate couple decided to adopt a young angler in his mid-twenties named Cheung Po from a nearby coastal village, which means that Cheung Po became the second in command to Zheng Yi and the most respected crew after him and Ching Shih. This move puzzled many crew members as to why the pirate couple chose to adopt a fully grown man. Let's find out! Just six years into their marriage, in 1807, Ching Shih's life took a sudden tragic turn; Zheng Yi passed away during a devastating storm off the coast of Vietnam. Their adopted son Chang Pao was instated as the leading commander of the Red Flag Fleet and the pirate queen Ching Shih's confidant. Amidst this tragedy, there was an internal rift for dominance amongst the power-hungry captains of partnering ships. The future of the Red Flag Fleet was in danger. Ching Shih managed to secure command of the fleet and win the support of factions loyal to Zheng Yi, including his nephew and cousins, by utilizing a few cunning business tactics. Soon after, the power-hungry traitors were captured and executed in public to set an example and deter any future possibilities of a coup. Following this situation, stricter disciplinary measures and codes of laws were implemented, and the lawbreakers were hacked to death instantly regardless of their rank. Less than two weeks after the tragic death of her husband, the pirate queen announced that she was getting married to her adopted son, the commander of the Red Flag Fleet. AH HA!! She had shared a relationship with him for a long time, which is why she was not conceiving from her first marriage. It was under her influence that her sucker husband, Zheng Yi, had adopted the young fisherman and declared him as his willful heir. Under the leadership of Ching Shih, the Red Flag Fleet set off to capture new coastal villages and flaunted total control and domination over the South China Sea. This onslaught added to the trouble British and French colonizers faced as the pirates regularly plundered their ships. The Red Flag Fleet was operating its businesses at an enormous scale. Not a single ship moved in the South China Sea without the knowledge of Ching Shih's army. Entire coastal towns worked for them, supplying them with food, goods, and other provisions. The pirates taxed ships that wanted to cross the South China Sea. If they refused, they were attacked and plundered immediately. Nevertheless, the Chinese dynasty desperately wanted to end all this. So, the novice Mandarin navy vessels were sent out to confront the Red Flag Fleet in the South China Sea and destroy them. A few hours into the battle, the Mandarin navy began a humiliating defeat. Ching Shih used this opportunity and announced that the Mandarin crew would not be punished if they joined hands with the Red Flag Fleet. So, just like that, the Mandarin navy was absorbed by the pirates, and the Qing dynasty lost a considerable part of their navy. The Emperor of China was enraged to think that a woman controlled such an enormous amount of the land, sea, resources, and people that belonged to him. So, in an attempt to ink a peace deal with the pirates, the emperor offered an amnesty to all pirates of the Red Flag Fleet, hoping to terminate Ching Shih's reign over the sea. Meanwhile, the Red Flag Fleet came under attack from the Portuguese navy. That navy had already been defeated twice before. However, this time things were different because they came prepared with bigger ships and weapons. This superiority gave the Portuguese an upper hand, and the Red Flag Fleet could not return with an attack of the same size. The Europeans were slaughtering them in their own backyard. Ching Shih recognized no point in fighting; the Portuguese navy ruthlessly destroyed her fleet. So she readily accepted the treaty offered by the Chinese emperor. The entire crew of the Red Flag Fleet was forced to surrender. The emperor allowed pirates to take home all the loot they had accumulated over the years without facing any significant repercussions. Plus, several pirates were granted jobs within the Chinese bureaucracy. Ching Shih's adopted son and later husband Chang Pao became the captain of Qing's Guangdong navy. In 1813, she welcomed her first child, Cheung Yu Lin, followed by a daughter whose whereabouts have been long lost in history. In 1822, her second husband lost his life at sea, after which she relocated to Macau along with her children and opened a gambling house with all the loot she had grabbed at sea. She was also involved in trading salt. Towards the end of her life, she opened a brothel in Macau, bringing her life full circle. Ironically, after kicking so much ass, she died peacefully in her sleep at the age of, yep, “sixty-nine.” Sadie the Goat – In 1869, Sadie the Goat joined the Charlton Street Gang, headquartered at a gin mill at the end of Charlton Street on the West Side of New York. Her real name was Sadie Farrell, but she became known as Sadie the Goat because of her favorite form of fighting: headbutting men in the stomach and having a male sidekick knock the victim out so they could steal his money and valuables. Before joining the gang, she prowled the streets of the Fourth Ward and was known as a brutal mugger. However, after a terrible fight with another female gangster, Gallus Mag, Sadie the Goat lost her ear fled. Gallus Mag had bitten the ear off entirely and stored it in a jar in a saloon she owned. After Sadie lost the fight and her ear, she left the Fourth Ward and found a new home on the West Side with the Charlton Street Gang. Before her arrival, the gang had decided to become pirates and cause problems along the shores of the Hudson River, but they weren't very good at it. However, with Sadie stepping in, things began to turn around. With Sadie commanding the gang, they stole a ship and made her captain of their pirate crew. These pirates patrolled the Hudson River stealing and terrorizing, becoming rich in the process. It is said that Sadie the Goat was known for her cruelty and made several of her own men walk the plank throughout the pillaging. True to form, her ship carried the Jolly Roger flag. After a few months of pirate life, local farmers along the river banded together and engaged the pirates in gun battles. As a result, the Charlton Street Gang decided to call it quits and Sadie the Goat returned to the Fourth Ward. There, she surrendered to Gallus Mag, the gangster who ripped off her ear in their last fight. Honored by the gesture, Mag returned Goat's ear to her, and it's said Sadie the Goat wore it in a necklace, in a locket, for the rest of her life. Maria Lindsey – Maria Lindsey met notorious pirate captain Eric Cobham, and it was love at first sight. Cobham revealed his profession to Maria, but she was not put off – in fact, they were married the next day! The two left Maria's hometown of Plymouth and spent around 20 years sailing the seven seas as swashbucklers. Rachel Wall Rachel Wall's biography is riddled with myths and legends, but if tales about her are true, she was one of the first and only American women to try her hand at piracy. As the story goes, Wall was a Pennsylvania native who ran away from home as a teen and married a fisherman named George Wall. The couple settled in Boston and tried to survive, but constant money problems eventually led them to turn to a life of crime. In 1781, the couple bought a small boat, hooked up with a few low-life mariners, and began preying on ships off the coast of New England. Their strategy was as ingenious as it was brutal. Whenever a storm passed through the region, the pirates would dress their boat up to look like rough seas had ravaged it. Rachel would stand on the deck and plead for help from passing ships. When the unsuspecting rescuers came near, they were promptly boarded, robbed, and murdered. Wall may have lured over a dozen ships to their doom, but her luck ran out in 1782 when a real storm destroyed her boat and killed her husband, George. She continued her thieving on land and was later arrested in 1789 for attacking and robbing a Boston woman. While in prison, she wrote a confession admitting to "Sabbath-breaking, stealing, lying, disobedience to parents, and almost every other sin a person could commit, except murder." Unfortunately for Wall, the admittance wasn't enough to sway the authorities. On October 8, she became the last woman ever executed in Massachusetts when she was hanged to death in Boston Anne Dieu-Le-Veut She was also from Brittany, and her name translates to “Anne God-Wants.” She came to the Caribbean island of Tortuga in the late 1660s or early 1670s. From there, she suffered some rocky years that made her a widow twice, as well as a mother of two. But, her second husband was killed by the man who'd become her third. Dieu-le-Veut insisted on a duel with Laurens de Graaf to avenge her late husband. The Dutch pirate was so taken by her courage that he refused to fight her and offered her his hand. They married on July 28, 1693, and had two more children. Dieu-le-Veut set sail with de Graaf, which was considered odd as many seamen thought women on ships bad luck. Yet Dieu-le-Veut and de Graaf's relationship has been compared to that of Anne Bonny and Calico Jack, inseparable partners who didn't give a shit about superstition. Dieu-le-Veut's legend took over as captain when a cannonball blast struck down de Graaf. Others suggest that the couple fled to Mississippi around 1698, where they may or may not have continued to pirate. And still, other tales claim that Dieu-le-Veut's spirit lived on in her daughter, who was said to be a badass in her own right by demanding a duel with a man while in Haiti. Awilda, Aghast at the thought of marrying a snake-slayer named Alf, she took off, leaving the palace disguised as a man. She gathered a band of disgruntled women also keen to staying single, commandeered a ship and set sail for a life of piracy; Together Awilda & her female crew learned to weild axes and swords, quickly establishing a fearsome reputation across the Scandinavian seas. When they came across another ship, full of male pirates whose captain had just died, she managed to convince them all to follow her as their new captain! Word had spread of this growing band of pirates and the Danes sent their own ships to try and capture her. By this time Awilda commanded a large fleet, when her old flame Alf led an expedition to hunt her down, he found himself outnumbered. However, displaying the same courage & wit as he had when defeating those snakes, he managed to put ship after ship out of action until he finally made it to the lead ship where Awilda was waiting, sword in hand. He didn't know that it was Awilda he was hunting and the realisation only hit him when, in the midst of a swashbuckling swordfight he knocked the helmet clean off her head and recognised the girl he had risked life & limb for all those years before by killing all those snakes! Perhaps she was impressed by his sword skills or his willingness to stand down, perhaps she just had a change of heart or realised how perfect their names would sound together, either way she decided that Alf wasn't too bad after all and that she would take him as her husband. In true fairy tale style they lived happily ever after as Queen & King of Denmark. Sister Ping Cheng Chui Ping, aka Sister Ping, was a woman who ran a successful human smuggling operation between Hong Kong and New York City from 1984 until 2000. She was arrested in Hong Kong in 2000 and extradited to the United States in 2003. She was held in U.S. Federal prison until she died in 2014 and nicknamed "The Mother of All Snakeheads," a translation of the Chinese word for "smuggler."

united states women american new york new york city english china mother men england british french research war chinese european murder devil ireland romans army pennsylvania tales irish greek rome island asian wall massachusetts female vietnam hong kong south carolina goat crown caribbean mississippi greece new england sabbath dutch federal latin pirates denmark bc haiti jamaica vikings naturally loyalty desperate charleston entire historians bahamas mediterranean golden age portuguese viking earl siege accounts nah historically olivier viii inns sailors westside stafford attacked robberies guillaume scandinavian rockin infidelity mandarin vessel capt issa plymouth geoffrey dieu honored albania vie normandy british empire nantes sparta spartans veut alf painted piracy gulf war cornish south china sea royal navy hudson river macau breton ching lioness belleville carthage albanian laurens danes cantonese blackbeard drowned elizabethan ah ha cormac national bank penny dreadful blain graaf roman republic unsatisfied tortuga qing adriatic jolly roger blois charles johnson daniel defoe guangdong anne bonny vannes adriatic sea tigress sir francis drake illyria serbs ching shih olivier v willem defoe rackham isabeau mary read vice admiral cobham british royal navy agron henry morgan clisson poitou epirus croats morlaix new providence queen king century ad spanish town french king english king lagertha illyrian awilda unwillingly illyrians black fleet

Christianity Redefines Love in The 1st Century AD

History and Christianity Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 12, 2022 21:21

I start with current events -- on a history podcast no less! -- reading about the best age to get married and new research showing how to approach marriage based on a study of 50,000 women. I then dive into a distinctly Christian definition of love based on the writings in the New Testament, commentators, theologians and even a philosopher. All that and chocolate, too? Happy Valentine's Day.

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Professor John Attia - Understanding God's Design and Purpose for the Body

The Grainery Church

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2022 29:09

In this week's Sunday message. Professor John Attia takes us back to 1st Century AD drawing us into the biblical accounts of what it was like back then using 3 key biblical passages to explain their historical, political, cultural and religious contexts.

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Coffee and Tea

Pursuit of Prosperity

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 15, 2022 28:39

This episode of Pursuit of Prosperity explores the world of the 2 most common hot beverages - Coffee and Tea. From the Ethopian plateau in the 9th Century AD to the Opium wars in the 19th Century, we explore the different events that led to the ubiquitousness of these beverages across the world. We explore how these beverages played a role in the creation of the modern world order while also looking at stories associated with them, some fictional and others real. Timestamps: 1. Coffee - Origin and Spread across the World (00:00) 2. Coffee brewing - Techniques and Machines (08:34) 3. Tea - Introduction, Origin and Etymology (13:30) 4. Tea - UK, China and the Opium Wars (19:29) 5. Tea - Boston Tea Party (25:12) 6. End Credits - (28:30) Sources for this episode: History of Coffee Brewing | History Cooperative | The History of Coffee (ncausa.org) | History of Coffee: Its Origin and How It Was Discovered (homegrounds.co) | The Origins of Coffee in India – Akara Coffee | About the Podcast: Pursuit Of Prosperity is a fortnightly podcast following the people and stories behind humanity's relentless pursuit of technological advancement through the ages. Created by Nikhil Nagaraj, Shubham Vyas, Jishnu Chander and Arnab Das, four technology and podcast enthusiasts, every episode dives into a modern anthropological phenomenon and looks at the breathtaking ideas, lucky coincidences and the passionate people behind its development. Writers and Producers: Arnab Das, Shubham Vyas, Jishnu Chander and Nikhil Nagaraj Graphic Design: Mahak Chhajed Social Media: Tejas Sontakke --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/pursuitofprosperity/message

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December 4, 2021 - National Cookie | National Dice Day

National Day Calendar

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 4, 2021 3:30

Welcome to December 4, 2021 on the National Day Calendar. Today we celebrate rolling out the fun in cookie dough and games of chance. Cookies first appeared in Persia in the 7th century and made their way to Europe through Spain in the 14th century. They later traveled to the United States with Dutch settlers. In the Netherlands they were called koekies or little cakes. Apparently, cookies made good travel companions and a sturdy kind were called jumbles in the early days. Also known as biscuits throughout Europe, the treat became popular in the street markets all the way to the high courts. Today we celebrate National Cookie Day thanks to a Sesame Street Monster, who sums up their deliciousness with a universal phrase, "num, num, num, num, num." At least I think that's universal. Dice have been around for thousands of years. A game of backgammon, discovered at an archeological site in Iran, is thought to be 5000 years old! But it was Sir William of Tyre who invented a dice game called “Hazard,” in the 12th Century AD. He named it after a castle he'd seen while serving in the Middle East during the Crusades. The game became extremely popular in 17th Century France. Because it required nothing other than dice, Hazard could be played just about anywhere—in taverns, on tables and even on the street. People would crouch down near the ground to play, so the French started calling it crapaud which means toad. This name was later shortened to the game we know today as craps. On National Dice Day roll out some fun of your own, with or without the gambling. I'm Anna Devere and I'm Marlo Anderson. Thanks for joining us as we Celebrate Every Day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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John Mark's Story, 1st Century ad

Godly Passion, Holy Flame

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 19, 2021 23:29

One of the most famous and important stories that has ever been written, was written by a man who's own story many people have never heard. Come with me on a historical journey as I unearth the backstory of the man who wrote the first biographical record of Jesus Christ, a book known today as , "The Gospel According to Mark".

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503 – Examining the History of Sighthounds with Bo Bengtson

Pure Dog Talk

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 15, 2021 34:09

Examining the History of Sighthounds with Bo Bengtson Bo Bengtson, author, publisher and Whippet breeder, attended his first dog show in 1958 in his native Sweden. He joins host Laura Reeves for a deep dive into the intricacies of sighthounds. “It was, right away, like lightning struck,” Bengtson said. “I was 14 years old and I just knew right away that this was what I wanted to devote my life to. It was really fascinating. It was, as someone once said, a combination of zoo and circus and theater … A passion for sighthounds “You have to know a little bit about coursing if you're involved in sighthounds. They have remained the same for thousands of years, the basic type. They weren't breeds early on but different types of sighthounds. if you look at the early description of coursing which is the pursuit of game with sighthounds … that is a sport that's now these days illegal in most of US… It's been superseded by lure coursing, which is an artificial form of coursing. [caption id="attachment_8665" align="alignleft" width="372"] "Hunters Homeward Bound," 10th Century AD. Courtesy of Bo Bengston.[/caption] “(Sighthounds developed) before firearms basically, when the only way you had to hunt was through the dogs and whatever they could course and kill was basically today's dinner. Firearms made sighthounds very much superfluous. And I think the sport then became very much a status symbol. (Sighthounds) are of course aesthetically pleasing and so many rich people and aristocratic people preferred to hunt with sighthounds, not because of need but because it was a beautiful spectacle and pretty expensive spectacle too. In various parts of the world, Queen Elizabeth I was very fond of coursing. In Russia they coursed with Borzoi. And in the Far East there were Salukis. What IS a Sighthound? “There is no official definition of what a sighthound is. So there is a great disagreement about what breeds actually count as sighthounds. You can count as few as four or five as pure sighthounds and as many as 40 as “sighthound related” or different types of breeds we don't know in this country. Some we wouldn't define as breeds but more as types. (Listen to fascinating conversations about the Caravan Hounds of India https://puredogtalk.com/podcast/422-exploring-the-caravan-hounds-of-india/ (here) and https://puredogtalk.com/podcast/420-living-history-on-the-silk-road-asiatic-sighthounds/ (here).) History of sighthound development “I think we have to go back again a couple of thousand years because there have probably always been different sizes of greyhounds. Greyhound types. The big ones which were the ancestor of the modern greyhound. And we have the different, smaller ones that were ancestors of whippet and the Italian greyhounds. I think that Whippets, although they weren't described as a breed until late 1800s, they have certainly been around much longer. Catherine the Great of Russia had little English greyhounds she called them. And they were very important to her. She nursed them herself and they slept on a pink couch in her bedroom. But whether they're Italian greyhounds, whether they were whippet, who knows. I mean they were very small and whether Italian greyhounds or whippets, it is kind of irrelevant these days. “The Greyhound and the Saluki are sort of the “ur” sighthound, what sighthounds are supposed to be like. … if you take one step away from Saluki you get the Afghan Hound, which is a little more powerful. If you take several steps away from the Greyhound, you get the Ibizan Hound and you get the Portuguese Podengo and that kind of thing.” Listen to the full episode for more detailed insights into all things sighthound. Support this podcast

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Founding the Gupta Empire, Mayan Classical Period & More! | What We Missed Third Century AD

A.D. History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 25, 2021 88:49

In our "What We Missed," we take our first steps exploring the Gupta Empire. As well as discussing the Mayan Civilization's Classical Period. The post Founding the Gupta Empire, Mayan Classical Period & More! | What We Missed Third Century AD appeared first on TGNR.

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Vol. 56: Conflict Over the Person of Christ During the 1st Century AD

Christianity Clarified with Marv Wiseman

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 9, 2021 77:01

Volume 56 in this series contains the following 3 1/2 minute radio broadcasts: Ground Breaking at Another Antioch, Part 2 Paul and the Law of Moses Faulty Assumptions About the Law The Purpose and Limit of the Law The Apostle Paul and Israel, Part 1 The Apostle Paul and Israel, Part 2 Paul's Opposition at Pisidia Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 1 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 2 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 3 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 4 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 5 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 6 Why God's Servants Must Suffer, Part 7 Changing Sides, Part 1 Changing Sides, Part 2 Changing Sides, Part 3 Changing Sides, Part 4 Changing Sides, Part 5 Changing Sides, Part 6

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You Say You Want a Revolution: The Bar-Kokhba Revolt

History Loves Company

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 26, 2021 15:46

Throughout much of its history, the Jewish homeland (known in antiquity as Judea) was occupied and incorporated into other empires. But the longest period of its occupation occurred, not surprisingly, under Roman rule. First annexed in 63 BC following the Siege of Jerusalem, by the start of the 2nd Century AD, tensions between the Jews and their Roman oppressors had reached a boiling point. Then, in AD 132, one man rose from among the Jewish people to lead them in their fight to oust the Romans for good. His name was Shimon Bar-Kokhba and he and the rebellion he led are the subjects of this week's episode. Tune in to learn more about them! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historylovescompany/support

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Episode 9: Jane Emmet de Glehn & Ancient Roman Dick Art!

I Minored In Art History.

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 9, 2021 80:38

What up Minor Guild! Jocelyn royally Fucked Up and somehow managed to lose ALL the audio for episode 8. We literally do not know what the hell happened to it! It's Lost. Jocelyn cried about it because it was there and then the next time she opened her computer, the base files were all gone for episodes 1-11. The rest had been exported correctly, but for some reason apparently episode 8 got exported incorrectly. (shrug emoji) Anyway, Episode 9 has some juicy deets for your li'l ear holes. We chat about painter Jane Emmet de Glehn (1873-1961) and Ancient Roman Dick Art (8th Century BC-5th Century AD)! The weird staticky noises are us getting dick pics (just kidding) and having our phones too close to the mics. We drag Jocelyn's friend Beenly, she decides that Romans came up with the OG truck nuts, and we find out that she hadn't seen the "Me Want Bite" tiktok video series. That has since been remedied, they're very catchy. Check out the 'gram for some of the art we reference: @IMinoredInArtHirstoryPod Music Creds: intro is edited Regina Spektor, outro is original audio by Nic Hamersly Audio mixed with Auphonic --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/iminoredinarthistorypod/support

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Gate control theory of pain & mystical powers

What's Shakin with Shaner

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 11, 2021 25:36

Join Shakin Shaner as he discusses the gate control theory of pain and how we instinctively sucked a burned finger. He then heads on a rabbit hole to discuss two mythical heroes and how they gain their power from sucking a burned finger...does this open a mystical gateway? Discover the absurdity of this episode. Finn McCool (Fionn MacCumhaill) was a 3rd Century AD warrior chieftain in medieval Ireland. He led a clan of warriors called the Fianna, and his adventures are documented in the Fenian Cycle. Sigurðr, Siegfried (Middle High German: Sîvrit) or Sigurd is a legendary hero of Norse mythology, as well as the central character in the Vǫlsunga saga. The earliest extant representations for his legend come in pictorial form from seven runestones in Sweden and most notably the Ramsund carving (c. 1000) and the Gök Runestone (11th century).

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Memphis Ancient Capital of Egypt

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Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 10:10

Memphis, located 14 miles south of Cairo, was capital of Egypt for millennia, until the 7th Century AD. This would have been where Joseph and Moses were. The famous necropolis lies just outside the city, 17 miles long and 2 miles wide, holding the bodies of millions. God bless you! Thank you for listening! Hope to see you tomorrow! Please subscribe and share. Also, join us on Facebook and YouTube at New Life of Albany Ga.!

Significant Archaeological Finds From the 1st Century AD

god scripture significant archaeological century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 27, 2021 6:20

An outstanding compilation of a few of the many archaeological discoveries confirming Scripture from the 1st Century AD! God bless you! Thank you for listening! Please join us again tomorrow!

Wonder of Wonders, Miracles of Miracles - God made a Donkey Talk

Madlik Podcast – Torah Thoughts on Judaism From a Post-Orthodox Jew

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 27, 2021 32:30

Join Geoffrey Stern and Rabbi Adam Mintz recorded on Clubhouse Friday June 25th as they identify the miracle of the Talking Ass as a singular gratuitous miracle which serves as neither a sign or lesson, punishes the wicked or provides a victory to the children of Israel. We use this as an excuse to explore the refreshingly ambivalent attitude of the Torah and Rabbinic Judaism to miracles. Link to Sefaria Source Sheet here: www.sefaria.org/sheets/331556 Transcript: Geoffrey Stern Welcome to Madlik on clubhouse every Friday at four Eastern. This week's parsha is Balak, which is about a Moabite king who looks out into the desert and sees the children of Israel on their way about to cross over his country on the way to the promised land. And he is concerned he's scared. The actual word that is used for him being scared is "vayagar", which is interesting, because it's the same root as the word for stranger. But fear of the stranger we'll leave for another time. What interests me today is that he sent out some messengers to hire a Moabite prophet named Balaam. And the messengers go to this Balaam and ask him to curse the Jewish people. And Balaam says, Well, I have to sleep on it. And he truly speaks to the Lord our God that night. And the Lord says, You can't curse these people, they are blessed. And he goes back and forth with these messengers, and they offer him more and more money. So he takes another night. And finally he cajoled the Lord into letting him go to at least meet with the King Balak. And on the way there, he's riding his donkey, and his donkey sees an angel at the end of the road, maybe they were on a bridge. And much like the story of the Black Beauty, the donkey turns to the side, and Bilaam whips the donkey. The donkey sees the angel again turns to the other side, this time he scrapes the leg of Bilaam. And now Bilaam is really angry and hits her again. And finally "the Lord opened the ass's mouth. And she said to Balaam, what have I done to you that you have beaten me these three times? Balaam says to the ass, you have made a mockery of me. If I had a sword with me, I'd kill you. And the ass said to Balaam Look, I am the ass that you have been riding all along until this day, have I been in the habit of doing this to you? And he answered No." And so we have a story of a donkey talking. And what is remarkable to me is that it's just part of the story. Bilaam doesn't doesn't say: "Wow, I didn't know that you could talk" he responds to the donkey. And so I'd like to use this as an opportunity to understand and to explore the function, the place, the value of miracles, in religion in general, and in the Jewish and ancient Isralite traditions in particular. And we will explore all the different variations of miracles that appear in the in the text. But to me, this is striking in just kind of being gratuitous. Being there, for no good reason could have been the angel himself talking to Bilaam. So the question that I raise is what is the function of the donkey in this story. And then in general, what is the place of the miraculous in Judaism Adam Mintz The Torah is full of miracles, the receiving of the Torah, the splitting of the Red Sea and the 10 plagues. What's interesting is talking animals. The only other talking animal, that we have is the snake at the beginning of the Torah, where the snake talks to Eve. And it's fadinating to compare the snake talking to Eve to the donkey, talking to Bilaam. First of all, it's interesting about the choice of animals. Now I'm not an animal person. So to me, all animals are the same. So I don't know why in one case, you choose to snake and in the other case you choose a donkey, just choose one animal so I don't understand why there's a different type of animal. But look at the first case of the animal speaking, the snake tries to trick Eve. The second time, the donkey actually tells the truth to Bilaam. What's the purpose of the animal speaking, both to trick Eve and to tell the truth to Bilaam. I find that to be an interesting question. Geoffrey Stern I like your comparison. I would like to kind of broaden the question not so much of animals speaking, but of nature being changed of breaking the rules of nature. But I do think that even if you look at it from that point of view, there are different types of miracles that we see in the Bible. There are miraculous salvations, the splitting of the sea of Reeds. Clearly, when this small band of Jews wins a battle, that's a miracle. But it's a functional miracle. And there are other miracles that we'll explore today. But to me, what strikes me about maybe both of these miracles, besides the fact that there are animals talking is it almost seems like it's gratuitous? You know, you sometimes you see a movie, and you say, you know, they didn't need that sex scene, it was a gratuitous sex scene. In this case, I don't think you really needed the donkey to talk, I think that maybe the angel could have spoken. It almost doesn't seem to be inherent in the story in the case of the snake. So the snake really was tempting Eve. And of course, this was very early on, in the kind of the segmentation of the animal world and the human world. So you can even make a case that maybe the snake sheds its skin, so it's immortal, or it was immortal in the old world. Oreven better yet. Let me try this distinction between the snake and the donkey. This snake could very easily be associated with Satan. And the donkey, as you said, was speaking from a good place, from God. It doesn't surprise us. If Satan goes.... the evil in the world goes and breaks the rules. But the question of why this donkey spoke of why we needed it to speak. And is it unique from that point of view, from our point of view of gratuitous miracles, if you will? What do you do about that distinction? Adam Mintz That's a great question. So the snake has a job, because the snake is there to trick Eve. And maybe you needed something out of the ordinary, to trick Eve. She wasn't going to be tricked in a normal way. But what role did the donkey play? Actually, Geoffrey, you can ask in a more basic question, just in the story of this week's parsha. What role does the donkey play? If you were to delete the word donkey, would it change the story at all? Geoffrey Stern I totally agree. And that's why I you can call it superfluous. You can call it gratuitous. And it doesn't even seem to get the reaction one would expect. Bilaam doesn't say oh, my God, a talking donkey! He just answers it. He says you've made a fool of me. Like he talks to donkeys every day. So I want to suggest that this is not strange only to us. There is a passage in Pirke Avot (The Ethics of the Fathers) that talks about 10 things being created on the eve of the first Shabbat right after creation had been finished, at twilight, Ben Hashmashot. And it lists a bunch of miracles. It says the mouth of the earth which I assume is a relationship to Korach, the mouth of the well. The mouth of the donkey which is a clear association with the the donkey in our story. The rainbow the manna, the staff of Moses, I guess when he was in front of the magicians in Egypt. And the bottom line of it is this mishnah in Avot. First, 2nd, 3rd Century AD has a problem with miracles. And what it is ultimately saying unless I'm reading it wrong, is that every time one of these miracles happened, it's almost like an algorithm or a hack written into creation. So that donkeys did not speak. But somehow they threw a little piece of code into the donkey heritage that at that moment on that bridge that donkey was going to speak and it's far fetched, but what's not far fetched is they're clear unhappiness and unwillingness to accept that the rules of nature change. And what makes that remarkable to me is, these are rabbis, these are members of a religion, and is not religion based on breaking the laws of nature on a higher authority ..... on miracles? To me, this bias against changing the world and for nature, and the rules of nature is very impressive. What's your read of this Mishnah? Adam Mintz I think I want to take it back for a minute. It says here that these things were created Ben Hashmashot. What do you make of that? They were created in the last moments of Friday? It's almost as if they're not part of the normal creation. They were snuck in at the last minute when nobody was looking. Right? That's the first question you have to ask. It's telling you that they don't quite fit into nature. But what is the idea of Ben Hashmashot? Geoffrey Stern To me, it's, as you say, the code was written, the the product was created. And somebody in this case God threw in a few secret back, (if I was a programmer, I would know the right word). But back codes, that at the precise moment that they were necessary, they would do what was needed to be done. But ultimately, it was pre ordained, it almost smells like either God cannot or will not make changes in the laws of nature besides these 10 or 11 changes. That to me is what is impressive, but the hashmashot, the Twilight part of it is, this is a fuzzy area. This is whether it's an afterthought, or a little tweak, or Twinkle, I don't know. Adam Mintz Good. I think that that's good. But I think that what we're actually doing Geoffrey, logging up all of the oddities of this talking donkey. When he was created, what he did, how was he different than the snake? Right? And it's all gratuitous. It's not necessary. So not only does the Torah make a big fuss about something that doesn't need such a big fuss, but the rabbi's seem to make a big fuss about something that doesn't need such a big fuss does not interest you also? Geoffrey Stern Well, well, it does. I mean, it's hard to say that the Manna was gratuitous. So I don't think that they are lined up necessarily against gratuitous stuff. But what they are saying is it's a very strong, I would say, an powerful expression of the rabbi's dedication and commitment to the laws of nature, that we do not live in an arbitrary world where either God or other spiritual forces can play with it. And I think that you could actually make a case that this kind of general approach, which I would love to characterized as being either neutral towards miracles, or almost anti miracles, led to great scientists coming out of our tradition, such as my Mainmonides, who clearly picks up on this discussion in many of his writings. Who believes that there is a science out there, there are laws of physics and laws of chemistry and all that, it's not arbitrary. It's like Einstein said, "God does not play dice with the universe". So that's on a scientific level. But even on a spiritual level, it seems to me they didn't get a rise from the miraculous. And in fact, they had to go out of their way to come up with this theory, to downplay the miraculous and from a spiritual community and from a 2000 plus year old religion, whether now but certainly in the past where we lived in a magical world and there was magical thinking and many times it was associated with religion, they didn't seem to buy into it, and that's what strikes me as so interesting. Adam Mintz Good, I like that. I like that connection to Maimonides. This is really the clash between miracles and science. This is how you started when you asked me, are there miracles? And the answer is, yes, there are miracles. But how do you explain miracles in the light of science? Now, Geoffrey, when you talk about miracles? Would you say that this story of the talking donkey is like the splitting of the sea? Geoffrey Stern So I think not. And that's why I said, I find the story of the talking donkey unique because it's gratuitous....I was going to kind of parse different types of miracles that are in the Torah, you know, they say that Eskimos have 100 words for snow. Well, it seems to me the rabbi's have a bunch of words for the miraculous. There's a word called an "Ote" a sign. But again, it's not gratuitous, because we call Shabbat, an "Ote" a sign We call Tephilin, an "Ote" that you put on your arms. And from that perspective, where it was a change that caught your attention, the change was not significant because of the change, it was significant because it was a symbol, it was a sign. Another word that's used is a "Mofet" and that goes more in terms of things that are changes in nature, like the 10 plagues, like the splitting of the Red Sea, that inflicted God's wrath or power on sinners, I guess you could include with that. Even Korach, although we're going to get a second to the word use there (Nes). But again, these were very practical, and they didn't necessarily have to be impossible, they might have been improbable. This splitting of the Red Sea is is something that was miraculous because it came at the right time, at the right instant, but it could be explained. All of the magicians were able to explain everything that Moses did with the staff, which was included in our list. So besides "Mofet" and "Ote". The other one is "nes", which is I think a common word for miracles. Adam Mintz But what does the word "nes" mean? "Nes" is like a flag a marker. Geoffrey Stern It is but if you recall, when God tested Abraham before the the sacrifice of Isaac before the Akeda, it said "v'Hashem Nisa et Avraham", he tested him and Nachmanidies explains that it is a flag it is something that rises up, but it's also a test. In other words, it's an opportunity for us to reveal our strength or power, our perseverance. And there were more words for miracles and we'll get to them in a second. But for these most common words are symbolic, as much as they are changing nature. They are morally, ethically, spiritually edifying in case of testing Abraham, and being able to survive the test. So, again, I do think there is an issue of a gratuitous miracle. And the funny thing here is that it doesn't even refer to Bilaam's donkey talking as a miracle. It's so funny that it just kind of puts it into the narrative without making any changes. But again, if we're using this as an excuse to explore the biblical version of miracles, it too says with the rabbies, I think, very little value for gratuitous miracles. There's no point just impressing people, by changing nature and saying up there must be a god there must be a spiritual element. The changes in nature are either to protect, to defend, to punish or to edify and to serve as a symbol. Adam Mintz Okay, all this is great. Now, I have another question. What do you make about the fact that the Donkey spoke with non Jewish prophet? You think that's significance? Of all the all the ways to use the donkey? Isn't it a funny way to use the donkey? Geoffrey Stern I think it's beautiful that the prophetic power of Bilaam the Prophet is also taken for granted. And that teaches me that God speaks to all people. Why in this particular instance, was there a use of a donkey? I don't have an answer for you. What I'm more impressed with is that Bilaam is without any explanation, understood that he can go to bed at night and speak to our Lord, which is his Lord. But I don't have an answer about the donkey being used to speak to him in particular. Adam Mintz Now, Michael, I think has jumped up as a speaker. Geoffrey Stern which we will always welcome. Michael Posnik A question, What does Bilaam learn from that moment? when nature is upside down? What does he actually learn when everything he wants to do? According to his plan and his desires and strategies? What does he learn from something that is completely incomprehensible to him? What changes does that bring about in him? Geoffrey Stern If you read the text, his answer to the donkey is the only insight that we get. And what he says is you have made a mockery of me. And this is a parallel with the story of Black Beauty, the horse that saves the life of the rider. These horses and animals that save us, they all seem to get punished. But in this particular case, Bilaam is embarrassed. It almost seems as though he has this ability to be a prophet. He wanted to exploit it for money. He literally wants to do what he's asked to do, but he can't. And now he's embarrassed. And I think it gives us an insight into him. He's not our typical vision of a prophet in terms of being a pure person. He seems to be someone who can tap into these powers, and is able to exploit them. Rabbi what's your feeling? Adam Mintz I think Michael, I think you've identified a problem in this text, meaning what is the significance of that piece of the story? I just want to turn it and take some of what Geoffrey said, and some what Michael said. And I want to just pull back a minute, Geoffrey, to what you started with, about miracles. And I want to know where you think this miracle of the donkey speaking, falls in the Torah's kind of List of miracles? Is this a big miracle? Is this kind of, beside the point miracle? You called it gratuitous? That's something else. That has to do with the fact that it's unnecessary? What about in terms of like, changes of nature? Do you think having an animal talk is as big a miracle as splitting of the Read Sea? Geoffrey Stern So we're where I'm going, in my mind with this is using the donkey who is for better or worse, a universal symbol of a lowly creature, a creature of labor, a creature that gets no respect a cousin of a horse who is is a beautiful creature. And that kind of is is echoed in Bilaam's comment. You're embarrassing me, you know, maybe if you were a lion or something with more stature. We have to assume the donkey was picked with intentionality. And I think that the message that the donkey is sending, therefore, is very also humble, and down to earth. And I guess I promised that I wouldn't leave everybody in a cliffhanger as to how the whole story turns out. But I do at this point want to say that Bilaam ultimately, his arm is twisted, and he has to deliver some sort of blessing or curse and it turns out to be a blessing. So the blessing that he gives is in every synagogue as you walk in, it's "MaTovu Ohalicha Yaakov, Mishkenotecha Yisrael" "How goodly basically are the tents of Israel, which, again, a tent is as humble a life, pastoral nomadic life as you could ever have. And to me, the whole story is a celebration of the simple things in life if you want to be trite, it's helping us recognize that there's a miracle in the most simple things. So that to me kind of ties together why a donkey was used in this particular situation, and what the takeaway was either from Bilaam or from God through the mouth of Bilaam. Orna, I'd love to hear your thoughts. Orna Stern The voice of God that was talking through the donkey because the same way whenever God wants to speak to us and he speaks through animals.... the snake and they are all lowly animals .... the humbleness of God that he talks to us. The message from the snake was beautiful message because that Adam and Eve should leave Gan Eden to go explore the world. And then Moses that he spoke to Pharoah also through the snake. And every miracle that happended like Isaac. The ram that was caught in the tree. It'a all about animals .. the voice of God. The message is so beautiful. It's also for nowadays. "Shevet Achim gam Yachad" We all need to love each other, to respect each other everywhere in this country oin Israel. With anti-semitism and everything. Adam Mintz I just want to say Geoffrey, I think it's important to say that, you know, given what happened in Florida this week (A collapse of a 12 story building with 150 souls killed), you think about "Ma tovu Ohalecha Yaakov" the blessing is the most simple thing. Where we live is the most simple thing. But we rely on it. And you see what terrible things can happen in even in the most simple thing that we have. Geoffrey Stern Absolutely. You see the images of, of children talking about their parents or grandparents or parents talking about their children. It's it's really just harrowing how this building was pancaked down into rubble. But it does remind you that in the structures that we live our lives and those lives are based relationships. And what I was thinking in terms of this kind of takeaway, in terms of ultimately Bilaam could have been used as a mouthpiece to give any message, but ultimately, the blessing that he gave related to just the simple community of these Bedouin/nomadic Jews in the desert. So I was thinking of another type of statement in the Talmud, I think I might have even quoted it before, where a woman matriarch asks a rabbi, "After God created the world", and I don't give her credit for knowing this, but not only created the world during the seven days of creation, but even during that Twilight period, after you did it all. "What do you do with yourself? Because she obviously understood that God is not changing nature on a regular basis. And the answer for those of you who know the stories is wonderful. And it says that God is making matches "Misadech Sheduchim" he is joining people together. And it's a wonderful story, and it goes on. But it reminded me of this song in Fiddler "Miracles of Miracles, Wonders of Wonders". And if you remember the lyrics to that song, it almost is identical "It says wonders of wonders miracles of miracles, God took a Daniel once again, stood by his side and miracle of miracles, walked him through the lions dead. And it goes down through the walls of Jericho, and it talks about the Red Sea splitting and it talks about every little miracle or large miracle that God did. But he says "but the most miraculous one of all, is that out of a worthless lump of clay. God has made a man of me today" My dad gave me a book called Wonders of Wonders by a Columbia professor. And it talks about everything that went into writing the play. And so I did a little research. And I looked for, were they aware of this midrash that God is misadech shiduchim. And I was surprised that the writers of most of the lyrics were Jews, but were very remote from the Jewish background. And literally, they came up with an idea of miracles. And according to this book, they were in a motel, and they grabbed the Gideon's Bible, and they started looking for miracles to put into lyrics. But to me, they were spot on. And maybe it's because this idea we Jews have that the real miracles in life relate to human beings, to the ability of us to find connections with each other, for the abilities of us to have hope when there should be no hope. Those are the true miracles. And to me, that's what Ma Tovu Ohalecha Yaakov is all about. Adam Mintz That's really nice. I like that as an ending. I think that's a beautiful way to end a discussion. You said it was a little light today. I think talking about miracles is not light at all. I think there's a lot of real good substance in here. Geoffrey Stern Well, thank you for that. I agree. And I think that the the donkey certainly got his money's worth today, because he triggered this wonderful conversation.

Episode 25 - History of Education part 3: Education in Ancient Greece

The TeatimeTeaching's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 17, 2021 22:31

We are going to continue with our exploration into the history of education for this episode. Although we have some more teacher stories, interviews, and big ideas to share very soon, I figure that as we are on a roll, we should do what we can to do the topic justice. This podcast is available in iTunes, Google, Spotify, and many other pod catchers. Subscribe with this URL: https://feed.podbean.com/teatimeteaching/feed.xml Part one: Before we can discuss the history of education in Ancient Greece, we first must define where end when we are talking about. When we talk about Ancient Greece, we are referring to the civilizations, states, and people who inhabited the Greek peninsula and islands of the Aegean from around the 12th century BCE to the 6th Century AD. During this time, there were several epochs, or ages. The earliest evidence we have of civilizations in the area is from around 12th century BCE with the Minoan civilization. If you are familiar with the stories of the Iliad and the Odyssey, they come from this era. The Mycenean civilization was a literate and complex one, but when it collapsed – and we are not sure how exactly, although natural disaster is likely – so was their writing. What was left behind were a scattering of smaller villages, towns, and cities, usually on the coast, and reliant on trade with other Mediterranean civilizations. This period between the 8th century BCE, and the 6th Century BCE is sometimes referred to as the Greek Dark Ages. Over this time, the city states, evolved into their own systems, referred to themselves as Polis, and borrowed and adapted the Phoenician alphabet into what we recognize as Greek. With a script in place, knowledge began to be written down again, and so we have our first historian Herodotus wrote between the 450s and 420s BCE, and his tradition was followed by such as Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle. One of the things we need to be aware of when we talk about Ancient Greece is that we are not referring to one Empire or political entity. Effectively Greece was a collection of independent city states geographically cut off from one another by mountains and the sea. It is through trade that knowledge was passed, and ideas spread, but effectively we are talking about areas which evolved their own laws and traditions – for example, Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Macedonia. I could spend hours talking about ancient Greece, but we need to focus on our main question. What was education like in classical Greece? There were some general similarities between city states in Ancient Greece. For example, by the 5th Century BCE there was some “democratization” of education. Most free males could go to a public school, referred to as a gymnasium, while wealthy young men were educated at home by a private tutor. How you were education was a central component of your identity. For example, we know that Alexander the Great was tutored by Aristotle. For most Greeks, education reflected your social status and who you were as a person. We have a similar attitude today, often asking folks where they went to college, or who conferred their degree, as a sign of status and rank. You will notice that slaves did not have access to an education (in some city-states, slaves were forbidden), and women did not get a formal education (although this varied from city state to city state). In Athens, until about 420BCE, every free male received an elementary education. This was split into two parts – physical and intellectual. The physical aspect, “gymnastike” prepared citizens for their military service – they were taught strength, stamina, and military tactics. For Athenians, physical fitness was important for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Training was conducted in a “gymnasium” (a word still used to describe some elementary schools in this area today). The intellectual aspect, “mousike” was a combination of music, dance, lyrics, and poetry. Students learned to write with a stylus on wax tablets. When students were ready, they would read, memorize, and recite legends and Homeric stories. In this period, once a boy reached adolescence, his formal education ended. Around 420 BCE, we begin to see Higher Education in Athens. Philosophers such as Socrates, along with the sophistic movement led to an influx of teachers from all over the Mediterranean. It became fashionable to value intellectual ability over military prowess. This causes a clash between traditionalist, who feared that intellectuals would destroy Athenian culture and lead to a military disadvantage, while sophists believed that education could be a tool to develop the whole man, including his intellect, and therefore move Athens forward. (I'm sure you can think of similar arguments between traditionalists and progressives today – some things never change). Anyway, the demand for higher education continued and we begin to see more focused areas of study – mathematics, astronomy, harmonics, and dialectic – all with the aim of developing a philosophical insight. For these Athenians, individuals should use knowledge within a framework of logic and reason – what we call today – critical thinking. However, this level of education was not democratized. Wealth determined your level of education in ancient Athens. These formal programs were taught by sophists who charged for their teaching and advertised for their services, more customers meant more money could be made. So, if you were a free peasant, your access to higher education was limited (something that also resonates today), while women and slaves were excluded from this process altogether. Women were considered socially inferior in Athens and incapable of acting at a high intellectual capacity, while it was dangerous to educate slaves, and in Athens, illegal. Part Two: So, who were the sophists? Let's begin with the most famous – Socrates, or as Bill and Ted call him Socrates. Now the problem with learning about Socrates is that he didn't write anything down himself. Indeed, most of what we learn about him comes from two of his students: Plato, and Xenophon. Some of their writings about Socrates, particularly Plato's often contradict themselves. But generally, he is considered the father of philosophy. He advocated that a good man pursues virtue over material wealth, and he mused upon the idea of wisdom. The story goes that he decided to ask every wise man about what they know, and he found that they thought themselves wise, yet they were not, while Socrates himself knew that he was not wise at all, which paradoxically, made him wiser since he was the only person aware of his own ignorance. This stance threatened the status of the most powerful Athenians, so he was eventually tried and when asked what his punishment should be, he proposed free dinners for the rest of his life, as his position as someone who questions Athens into action and progress should be rewarded. Unfortunately, Athenians didn't see it that way, and he was found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens, and of “impiety” (not believing in the official gods of the state). As punishment he was sentenced to death by poisoning. Again – we see a similar theme in today's educational debate, where educational stances that encourage students to question the status quo and take a critical stance are considered threatening to those in power. Some things just don't change, do they? Isocrates was a student of Socrates who founded a school of Rhetoric around 393BCE. He believed education's purpose was to produce civic efficiency and political leadership, therefore the ability to speak well and be persuasive was the cornerstone of his approach. While his students didn't have to write 5 paragraph persuasive essays, you can see this approach in modern day social studies classes as well as middle and high school English curricula. Plato, on the other hand, travelled for ten years after Socrates' execution, returning to establish his Academy, named after the Greek hero Akedemos, in 387 BCE. He believed that education could produce citizens who could cooperate and members of a civic society (like the aims of 19th and 20th century public educators). His curriculum focused on Civic Virtue. The idea that a good citizen would act for the common good, at the expense of their individual gains. In his work “the Republic” he outlines that everyone needs an elementary education in music, poetry, and physical training, two to three years of military training, ten years of mathematics science, five years of dialectic training, and 15 years of practical political training. Those who could attain all that knowledge would become “philosopher kings”, the leaders in his ideal society. Aristotle was a student of Plato, learning in his academy for 19 years. When Plato died, her travelled until he was invited by Philip of Macedon to educate his 13-year-old son, Alexander (later the Great). In 352 BCE he moved back to Athens to open his school, the Lyceum. Aristotle's approach was based around research. There was systemic approach to the collection of information, and a new focus on empirical methods, like what we see as the foundation of our modern research methods. So, these were the developments in Athens, however, this was not the same for all of Greece. Whereas the Athenian system evolved away from a focus on preparation of male citizens for military service, Spartan society kept military superiority as the focus for its education system. Education in Sparta was focused around what we would probably call a military academy system – called “agoge” in Greek. In general, all Spartan males (except for the first born of the two ruling houses), went through a system which cultivated loyalty to Sparta through military training, hardships, hunting, dancing, singing, and social preparation. It was divided in three age groups, young children, adolescents, and young adults. Spartan girls did not get the same education, although we think there was a formal system for them too. The three age categories were the paides (7-14), paidiskoi (15-19) and the hebontes (20-29). Within these age groups boys were divided in to agelai (herds) with whom they would sleep (consider these like a house system in British private schools, or the Harry Potter stories). They answered to an older boy, and an official who was the paidonomous, or “boy-herder). So, the Paides, were taught the basics of reading and writing, but the focus was on their athletic ability. They did running and wrestling, they were encouraged to steal their food, but according to Xenophon, if they were caught, they were punished. Boys participated in the agoge in bare feet, to toughen them up, and at the age of 12 were allowed one item of clothing, a cloak, per year. Around the age of 12, a boy would gain a mentor who was an older warrior, called the “erastes”. As the boy transitioned into the Paidiskoi, so the mentor would act as a sponsor, while the student further developed his physical and athletic training. By the age of 20, the young Spartan graduated from the paidiskoi into the hebontes. If he had developed leadership qualities, these would be rewarded. At this stage, they were considered adults, they were eligible for military service, and could vote in the assembly, although they were not yet full free citizens. By 30 a Spartan man should have graduated, been accepted into the military, and was permitted to marry. He would also be allocated an allotment of land. This state education system not only prepared Spartan men for war, but also instilled a strong Spartan identity. They were away from their families for most of their childhood and this likely instilled a sense of favoring the needs of the collective over themselves as individuals or their own families. Indeed, the legend of the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae clearly illustrates this concept of individual sacrifice for the collective good. This Spartan education provides a contrast to Athenian education. In Sparta education was state sponsored, designed to create a citizen who put the collective first. In Athens, higher education was private, and intended to create a citizen who put the collective first by way of virtue. However, Plato intended only a select few to be philosopher-kings, while Sparta expected everyone to be a military citizen. There is one other aspect of Ancient Greek education that I want to talk about. The symposium. In ancient Greece this was a part of the banquet that took place after the meal, where men would retire to the andron (men's quarters) recline of couches, and drink, and be entertained, and discuss a multitude of topics. While these were the precursors to the drinking parties that we associate with Ancient Rome, I can see many parallels with academic conferences in the modern day, where scholars share their research in a common location, eat and drink together, and find excuses to sample local entertainments. Of course, the pandemic has curtailed many of these activities, but one day we might be able to meet and talk in person again. One thing we all have in common is that we've been to school. So, if you would like to contribute to the pod in any way, if you have a story to share, long, short, tragic, or comic, if you have comments to make about the podcast, or just want to say “hi”, you can send an email to TeachersTeaTimePod@gmail.com or alternatively you can send emails to me directly using mark@edjacent.org I love to read what you have to say. If social media is your thing, you can follow me on Twitter @markdiacop. You can find our contact information, copies of the show notes, and you can download previous episodes of the podcast at www.teachersteatimepod.com The podcast artwork was created by Phaedra. Opening and closing music is by Bryan Boyko. Part One: Before we can discuss the history of education in Ancient Greece, we first must define where end when we are talking about. When we talk about Ancient Greece, we are referring to the civilizations, states, and people who inhabited the Greek peninsula and islands of the Aegean from around the 12th century BCE to the 6th Century AD. During this time, there were several epochs, or ages. The earliest evidence we have of civilizations in the area is from around 12th century BCE with the Minoan civilization. If you are familiar with the stories of the Iliad and the Odyssey, they come from this era. The Mycenean civilization was a literate and complex one, but when it collapsed – and we are not sure how exactly, although natural disaster is likely – so was their writing. What was left behind were a scattering of smaller villages, towns, and cities, usually on the coast, and reliant on trade with other Mediterranean civilizations. This period between the 8th century BCE, and the 6th Century BCE is sometimes referred to as the Greek Dark Ages. Over this time, the city states, evolved into their own systems, referred to themselves as Polis, and borrowed and adapted the Phoenician alphabet into what we recognize as Greek. With a script in place, knowledge began to be written down again, and so we have our first historian Herodotus wrote between the 450s and 420s BCE, and his tradition was followed by such as Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle. One of the things we need to be aware of when we talk about Ancient Greece is that we are not referring to one Empire or political entity. Effectively Greece was a collection of independent city states geographically cut off from one another by mountains and the sea. It is through trade that knowledge was passed, and ideas spread, but effectively we are talking about areas which evolved their own laws and traditions – for example, Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Macedonia. I could spend hours talking about ancient Greece, but we need to focus on our main question. What was education like in classical Greece? There were some general similarities between city states in Ancient Greece. For example, by the 5th Century BCE there was some “democratization” of education. Most free males could go to a public school, referred to as a gymnasium, while wealthy young men were educated at home by a private tutor. How you were education was a central component of your identity. For example, we know that Alexander the Great was tutored by Aristotle. For most Greeks, education reflected your social status and who you were as a person. We have a similar attitude today, often asking folks where they went to college, or who conferred their degree, as a sign of status and rank. You will notice that slaves did not have access to an education (in some city-states, slaves were forbidden), and women did not get a formal education (although this varied from city state to city state). In Athens, until about 420BCE, every free male received an elementary education. This was split into two parts – physical and intellectual. The physical aspect, “gymnastike” prepared citizens for their military service – they were taught strength, stamina, and military tactics. For Athenians, physical fitness was important for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Training was conducted in a “gymnasium” (a word still used to describe some elementary schools in this area today). The intellectual aspect, “mousike” was a combination of music, dance, lyrics, and poetry. Students learned to write with a stylus on wax tablets. When students were ready, they would read, memorize, and recite legends and Homeric stories. In this period, once a boy reached adolescence, his formal education ended. Around 420 BCE, we begin to see Higher Education in Athens. Philosophers such as Socrates, along with the sophistic movement led to an influx of teachers from all over the Mediterranean. It became fashionable to value intellectual ability over military prowess. This causes a clash between traditionalist, who feared that intellectuals would destroy Athenian culture and lead to a military disadvantage, while sophists believed that education could be a tool to develop the whole man, including his intellect, and therefore move Athens forward. (I'm sure you can think of similar arguments between traditionalists and progressives today – some things never change). Anyway, the demand for higher education continued and we begin to see more focused areas of study – mathematics, astronomy, harmonics, and dialectic – all with the aim of developing a philosophical insight. For these Athenians, individuals should use knowledge within a framework of logic and reason – what we call today – critical thinking. However, this level of education was not democratized. Wealth determined your level of education in ancient Athens. These formal programs were taught by sophists who charged for their teaching and advertised for their services, more customers meant more money could be made. So, if you were a free peasant, your access to higher education was limited (something that also resonates today), while women and slaves were excluded from this process altogether. Women were considered socially inferior in Athens and incapable of acting at a high intellectual capacity, while it was dangerous to educate slaves, and in Athens, illegal. Part Two: So, who were the sophists? Let's begin with the most famous – Socrates, or as Bill and Ted call him Socrates. Now the problem with learning about Socrates is that he didn't write anything down himself. Indeed, most of what we learn about him comes from two of his students: Plato, and Xenophon. Some of their writings about Socrates, particularly Plato's often contradict themselves. But generally, he is considered the father of philosophy. He advocated that a good man pursues virtue over material wealth, and he mused upon the idea of wisdom. The story goes that he decided to ask every wise man about what they know, and he found that they thought themselves wise, yet they were not, while Socrates himself knew that he was not wise at all, which paradoxically, made him wiser since he was the only person aware of his own ignorance. This stance threatened the status of the most powerful Athenians, so he was eventually tried and when asked what his punishment should be, he proposed free dinners for the rest of his life, as his position as someone who questions Athens into action and progress should be rewarded. Unfortunately, Athenians didn't see it that way, and he was found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens, and of “impiety” (not believing in the official gods of the state). As punishment he was sentenced to death by poisoning. Again – we see a similar theme in today's educational debate, where educational stances that encourage students to question the status quo and take a critical stance are considered threatening to those in power. Some things just don't change, do they? Isocrates was a student of Socrates who founded a school of Rhetoric around 393BCE. He believed education's purpose was to produce civic efficiency and political leadership, therefore the ability to speak well and be persuasive was the cornerstone of his approach. While his students didn't have to write 5 paragraph persuasive essays, you can see this approach in modern day social studies classes as well as middle and high school English curricula. Plato, on the other hand, travelled for ten years after Socrates' execution, returning to establish his Academy, named after the Greek hero Akedemos, in 387 BCE. He believed that education could produce citizens who could cooperate and members of a civic society (like the aims of 19th and 20th century public educators). His curriculum focused on Civic Virtue. The idea that a good citizen would act for the common good, at the expense of their individual gains. In his work “the Republic” he outlines that everyone needs an elementary education in music, poetry, and physical training, two to three years of military training, ten years of mathematics science, five years of dialectic training, and 15 years of practical political training. Those who could attain all that knowledge would become “philosopher kings”, the leaders in his ideal society. Aristotle was a student of Plato, learning in his academy for 19 years. When Plato died, her travelled until he was invited by Philip of Macedon to educate his 13-year-old son, Alexander (later the Great). In 352 BCE he moved back to Athens to open his school, the Lyceum. Aristotle's approach was based around research. There was systemic approach to the collection of information, and a new focus on empirical methods, like what we see as the foundation of our modern research methods. So, these were the developments in Athens, however, this was not the same for all of Greece. Whereas the Athenian system evolved away from a focus on preparation of male citizens for military service, Spartan society kept military superiority as the focus for its education system. Education in Sparta was focused around what we would probably call a military academy system – called “agoge” in Greek. In general, all Spartan males (except for the first born of the two ruling houses), went through a system which cultivated loyalty to Sparta through military training, hardships, hunting, dancing, singing, and social preparation. It was divided in three age groups, young children, adolescents, and young adults. Spartan girls did not get the same education, although we think there was a formal system for them too. The three age categories were the paides (7-14), paidiskoi (15-19) and the hebontes (20-29). Within these age groups boys were divided in to agelai (herds) with whom they would sleep (consider these like a house system in British private schools, or the Harry Potter stories). They answered to an older boy, and an official who was the paidonomous, or “boy-herder). So, the Paides, were taught the basics of reading and writing, but the focus was on their athletic ability. They did running and wrestling, they were encouraged to steal their food, but according to Xenophon, if they were caught, they were punished. Boys participated in the agoge in bare feet, to toughen them up, and at the age of 12 were allowed one item of clothing, a cloak, per year. Around the age of 12, a boy would gain a mentor who was an older warrior, called the “erastes”. As the boy transitioned into the Paidiskoi, so the mentor would act as a sponsor, while the student further developed his physical and athletic training. By the age of 20, the young Spartan graduated from the paidiskoi into the hebontes. If he had developed leadership qualities, these would be rewarded. At this stage, they were considered adults, they were eligible for military service, and could vote in the assembly, although they were not yet full free citizens. By 30 a Spartan man should have graduated, been accepted into the military, and was permitted to marry. He would also be allocated an allotment of land. This state education system not only prepared Spartan men for war, but also instilled a strong Spartan identity. They were away from their families for most of their childhood and this likely instilled a sense of favoring the needs of the collective over themselves as individuals or their own families. Indeed, the legend of the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae clearly illustrates this concept of individual sacrifice for the collective good. This Spartan education provides a contrast to Athenian education. In Sparta education was state sponsored, designed to create a citizen who put the collective first. In Athens, higher education was private, and intended to create a citizen who put the collective first by way of virtue. However, Plato intended only a select few to be philosopher-kings, while Sparta expected everyone to be a military citizen. There is one other aspect of Ancient Greek education that I want to talk about. The symposium. In ancient Greece this was a part of the banquet that took place after the meal, where men would retire to the andron (men's quarters) recline of couches, and drink, and be entertained, and discuss a multitude of topics. While these were the precursors to the drinking parties that we associate with Ancient Rome, I can see many parallels with academic conferences in the modern day, where scholars share their research in a common location, eat and drink together, and find excuses to sample local entertainments. Of course, the pandemic has curtailed many of these activities, but one day we might be able to meet and talk in person again.

Menorah Mosaic From Galilee Dated to 4th-7th AD

Play Episode Listen Later May 5, 2021 4:39

2 other prominent menorah depictions, even older, from around the 1st century BC and 1st Century AD are here looked at as well. Fascinating! The Temple did exist in Jerusalem! God bless you! Thank you for listening! Please join us again tomorrow, subscribe, share, and pray!

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1st Century AD Lamp Factory Found in Galilee

Play Episode Listen Later May 1, 2021 5:39

Another amazing find from the Holy Land! Here, a lamp factory dating from between 70-135 AD was discovered, offering valuable insight into Jewish life during this period. God bless you! Thank you for listening! Please subscribe, share, pray, and join us tomorrow!

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Mansion Found on Mt. Zion In Jerusalem From the 1st Century AD

god jerusalem mansion mt zion century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 29, 2021 3:30

This incredible find, reading from an article from biblical archaeology dot org, is all the more remarkable because of the Roman destruction of 70 Ad, and further desecration in 135 AD. God bless! Thank you for listening! See you tomorrow God willing!

AW146 - Breakaway empires of the third century AD

Ancient Warfare Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 16, 2021 52:53

'The second half of the third century AD saw Rome's military leadership embroiled in a deadly power struggle. Meanwhile, on the empire's frontiers, trouble was brewing...' The Ancient Warfare team discuss issue XIV.5 of Ancient Warfare magazine. If you're not already a patron of the podcast you can find us on patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast

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THE VERDICT - Out of Office: The Bahamas, 400-500AD, Leisure

History Happened Everywhere

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 1, 2021 26:00

Ryan and Pete are Out of the Office, but that didn't stop them from posting a bonus episode of History Happened Everywhere where they took a look at Leisure in The Bahamas during the 5th Century AD. Now join them both as their effort is reviewed and judged by the one-and-only Mr. Paul Dersley. Will Pete's time travel shenanigans pass muster? Will he allow minor inconveniences like the laws of physics drag down the grade? Find out as Paul's verdict is passed on this special one-off Bahamas edition episode of THE VERDICT! Contact us: hhepodcast.com hhepodcast@gmail.com instagram.com/hhepodcast twitter.com/HHEPodcast facebook.com/HHEPod Reddit.com/r/hhepodcast

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Episode 5 - The Mapungubwe empire emerges from Indian Ocean trade networks in southern Africa

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2021 23:21

The distinction between the eastern and well-watered part of the country with summer rainfall and good soils, and the more arid western region with its mainly winter rainfall is critical to understanding the spread of domesticated grains and livestock. Pastoralists who farmed cereals are called Agro-pastoralists and these people preferred the Eastern region with its higher rainfall. Sheep and later cattle herding pastoralists favoured the west initially. This is one of separation points in South African history because the western people never did manage to manufacture their own iron-implements they merely bartered these when required. They exchanged iron products from the Tswana and Sotho as well as the isiXhosa who were able to manufacture iron implements and weapons. Then cattle arrived in the Cape and it looks like these came from the north east with early Tswana and Bantu pastoralists. This migration accelerated along with the increased size of settlements around 1000 years ago. Remember by this time, people living in the latter part of the first millennium had already been trading constantly with the entrepots to the East, the Indian ocean ports, for generations. This trade intensified after 1000AD first with Swahili-speakers based along the seaboard from modern Mozambique and north along the East African coast where Arab and other merchants would ply their trade from Zanzibar – through to the Red Sea. The coastlines of East Africa as far South as Madagascar and of west Africa as far south as Sierra Leone were known to the Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans. The East African coast had a string of Hindu settlements hundreds of years before the Christian era. Until the 4th Century AD, the Sabaean kingdom of Southern Arabia controlled the east coast of Africa.

Episode 5 - The Mapungubwe empire emerges from Indian Ocean trade networks in southern Africa

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2021 23:21

Episode 5 - The Mapungubwe empire emerges from Indian Ocean trade networks in southern Africa

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2021 23:21

Episode 5 - The Mapungubwe empire emerges from Indian Ocean trade networks in southern Africa

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2021 23:21

Paul's Conversion: Straight Street In Damascus

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Play Episode Listen Later Feb 25, 2021 2:57

Straight Street in Damascus is still in existence. A Church was built there in the 2nd Century AD. This was the site of Paul's conversion and healing. Damascus is considered to be the oldest continually inhabited city in the world. God bless you today!

Ep. 357: The One Percent

The Habit Coach with Ashdin Doctor

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 11, 2020 9:20

Did you know that the richest man who ever existed was a king called Mansa Musa. He was the king of the Mali Empire in West Africa circa 14th Century AD.On this episode, Ashdin talks about how we should avoid linking our selfworth to money, how we can all feel like we're winning at life, and why we need to figure out our own definition of success. Tune in to find out more.Check out the Awesome180 Habit Coach app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.awesome180.habitcoachYou can follow Ashdin Doctor on Instagram @ashdindoc (https://www.instagram.com/ashdindoc/?hl=en)Check out Ashdin's website - Awesome180 (http://awesome180.com/)Youtube Channel - The Habit Coach - Awesome180 (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZQpxuIf7moTOU8kCAu0Zfg)You can listen to this show and other awesome shows on the IVM Podcasts app on Android: https://ivm.today/android or iOS: https://ivm.today/ios, or any other podcast app.

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2.21 | Dogman and Fear Eaters - Windows to Other Worlds

Belief Hole | Conspiracy, the Paranormal and Other Tasty Thought Snacks

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 29, 2020 89:51

The leaves are turning, the bonfires burning, and the shadows are pregnant with unsettling Halloween mystery. What better time to tell some terrifying tales of the modern-day werewolf: the dogman. With sightings increasing, we wanted to once again explore the potential reality of the dogman phenomenon through witness encounters as well as corroborated historical evidence, with some ancient artifacts thrown in for good measure. What are these things which seem so real to those who witness them yet seem to vanish into thin air? Almost never do we hear of an encounter where the dogman has harmed a human. Nay! The primary goal of these questionably-corporeal canine cryptids seem to be to elicit maximum fear from the victim before vanishing into the night. Could these creatures be simply feeding on our darkest energies produced during an extreme state of terror? And have these fear-eating, terror-tasters been engorging themselves on our fear, and the fright of our ancestors throughout recorded history? Join us as we answer all these questions to absolute and unquestioned satisfaction... as much as possible based on the evidence we've been able to gather. Hint.... THEY'RE REAL! Also.. fear vending machines, ancient space werewolf theory, and Jon really wants to know what dogman does all day GET EXPANSION EPISODE: 2.21 EXP | Real Werewolves and Interview with a 439 Yr Old Floridian Vampire FULL SHOW NOTES: Click Here TIMESTAMPS: 06:54 | Topic Introduction | Return of Dogman and Paranormal Doorways 09:00 | Dogman - Not a New Phenomena - Dwayyo of Maryland (1940s) 12:08 | Flixen Werewolf, Paul Sinclair - Alt Reality Window Areas 17:21 | Nick Redfern | Memoirs of a Monster Hunter / Other-Realm Entities 18:58 | Graveyard Dogman Connection 20:45 | Jefferson County Square of Weirdness, Dogman Sightings | Linda Godfrey 22:57 | Night Watchmen's Werewolf Encounter (1936) | "ga-dar-rah." 33:08 | Jefferson County | Pattern of Wolf-like, Dogman Attacks on Horses 38:33 | Inside Edition | Beast of Bray Road | Sheriff's Werewolf Folder 43:44 | Silver Creek, OH, Dogman Sighting + Norton Chicken Thief 46:19 | Cemetery Encounters - Demon Dogs - Entrances to Other Worlds 49:14 | Graveyard Bolters - Roadside Dogman Encounter | Linda Godfrey 56:06 | Terrifying Beasts Sweep Ancient Middle East | 625 AD | Zuqnin Chronicle 58:05 | Artifact depicting Wolf-Headed Men 1st Century AD 59:07 | Iranian Männerbund - Artifacts of the Two-Legged Wolf | 300-100 BCE 1:00:00 | Holy Hill Bearwolf | DNR Dogman Attack | Linda Godfrey 1:00:14 | Trucker Dogman Sighting, Central Ohio 1:07:44 | Expansion Ep Preview | Real Werewolves and Interview a 439 YR Old Vampire 1:13:00 | Ancient Dogman From Space | Remote Viewer's Theory | Linda Godfrey 1:20:52 | Shout Out - Edgar and Alex 1:21:24 | Patron Thank Yous!

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Episode #4: "Be Thou Faithful Unto Death" - The Martyrdom of Polycarp

The Persistence of Christian Memory

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 6, 2020 39:49

An examination of the 2nd Century AD account of the "Martyrdom of Polycarp" and his great example of faith that outruns time. Links and Resources - https://onlinechristianlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/The-Martyrdom-of-Polycarp.pdf - Early Christians Speak Vol. 1 & 2 by Everett Ferguson - Thinking - Living - Dying - Early Apologists Speak to the 21st Century by Everett Ferguson - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebaste - ohiovalleyrestorationresearch.com -- Bruce Daugherty's website - therestorationmovement.com -- Scott Harp's website - "Friends of the Restoration" - Facebook Group

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Pious generals? Military investment in churches at Rome in the fifth century AD

The BSR Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 13, 2020 54:50

A lecture by Meaghan McEvoy (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main) as part of the City of Rome Lecture Series

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May 23, 2020 — The Transformation of Temple Judaism into Rabbinic Judaism 2nd Century AD

Roy Schoeman Podcasts

Play Episode Listen Later May 23, 2020 56:09

Roy Schoeman clean 56:09 Jesus: The Promised Messiah of Judaism on Radio MariaEpisodes From Roy's Show on Ra

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Episode 99: Webbheads

Know Nonsense Trivia Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 21, 2020 144:09

Quizmasters Lee and Marc are joined by writer and actor Jamison Webb to talk about writing trivia questions, advice on creating internet content, what it’s like to compete on Jeopardy, and his time portraying ‘Baxter’ on the Netflix original series Space Force. The trio also provide a trivia quiz for each other, with categories including Architecture, African History, 90’s Music, Pop Culture, Companies, Products & Brands, Sports, Movies, Art, Historical Boats, Television and more! Round One ARCHITECTURE - Federal, Georgian, and Palazzo are styles of which type of architecture commonly used for public buildings, introduced in the 18th- and 19th-century with origins in Italy and France? AFRICAN HISTORY - Cameroon gets its name from its abundance of what animal and an anglicisation of what word for it? U.S. HISTORY - Who was the first U.S. President to be born in a hospital? 90’s MUSIC - Which hip-hop group featured the rap debut of athlete Shaquille O’Neal on their certified-gold 1993 hit “What’s Up Doc (Can We Rock)?” BOARD GAMES - The Monopoly card “Grand Opera Opening” was replaced with what other card in 2008? SOCIAL GAMES - The Milton Bradley Co. was accused of selling “sex in a box” when it released what game in 1966? Missed Corrections EPISODE 98: Rapper Petey Pablo does briefly mention the state of South Carolina in “Raise Up.” EPISODE 98: Dave Matthews Band is from Virginia, not South Carolina. - Allison EPISODE 98: The Scorpions are from Germany, not Russia. - Seth & Mike C. Round Two ART - Artist Tiziano Vecelio was known in English by what name? SPORTS - Who is the only professional athlete to be named an All-Star in both baseball and football? POP CULTURE - What three New York City franchises currently hold bookings for multiple events in 2021 at Madison Square Garden? SPORTS - Who was the only person to knock out Muhammad Ali in a heavyweight fight? MOVIES - What 1984 action film was released in Poland as “The Electronic Murderer”? COMPANIES, PRODUCTS & BRANDS - Heddy Lamar, Tyrone Power, and Bob Hope were all spokespeople for what appetite-suppressant candy that lost popularity due to a public health crisis? Rate My Question HISTORICAL BOATS - Built by the Roman emperor Caligula in the 1st Century (AD), what pair of palatial ships were recovered via lake drainage at the direction of dictator Benito Mussolini and were housed in a purpose-built museum until a fire consumed it and its contents during World War II? Final Questions SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE - Who is the only Saturday Night Live cast-member to have been a musical guest and host prior to becoming a cast-member? HISTORICAL BOATS - The Granma and the Pilar are two 20th-century yachts manufactured by Wheeler Shipbuilding, then of Brooklyn, NY, that were famously owned by which two individuals, respectively? TELEVISION - In 1990, Jennifer Aniston appeared in what short-lived TV show, adapted from a popular movie? Upcoming LIVE Know Nonsense Trivia Challenges June 1st, 2020 – Know Nonsense Trivia Challenge - Live on Twitch 7pm - 9pm June 4th, 2020 - Know Nonsense Trivia Challenge - Live on Twitch 7pm - 9pm You can find out more information about that and all of our live events online at KnowNonsenseTrivia.com All of the Know Nonsense events are free to play and you can win prizes after every round. Thank you Thanks to our supporters on Patreon. Thank you, Quizdaddies – Dylan, Tommy (The Electric Mud) and Tim (Pat's Garden Service) Thank you, Team Captains – Gil, David, Rachael, Aaron, Kristen & Fletcher Thank you, Proverbial Lightkeepers – Spencer, Kaitlynn, Manu, Mo, Matthew, Nicole, Luc, Hank, Justin, Cooper, Elyse, Sarah, Karly, Kristopher, Josh, Shaun, Lucas and Max Thank you, Rumplesnailtskins – Tiffany, Allison, Paige, We Do Stuff, Mike S. ,Kenya, Jeff, Eric, Steven, Efren, Mike J., Mike C. If you'd like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content, please visit http://theknowno.com and click "Support." Special Guest: Jamison Webb.

Translating Creation

Creation Article Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 22, 2019 8:19

I sometimes wonder how the Apostle Paul would have enjoyed (and used) the Internet had it been available to him in the 1st Century AD. God has His tools for each phase of His program, and now we are in the 21st Century with this truly astonishing means at our disposal. We get very excited at the potential to reach increasing numbers, in rich and poor nations alike, through the Internet with the news that the Bible is true and can be trusted, including about their origins. By Margaret Wieland Originally published April, 2010 Links and show notes The article: Creation Translations Resources in Languages Other Than English CMI Translation Guidelines Helpful Resources Faith of Our Fathers God’s Promise to the Chinese Ha-Mashiach: The Messiah of the Hebrew Scriptures

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Beastlore Episode 5: The Loch Ness Monster

Aggie Radio

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 3, 2019 44:58

Episode 5 of Beastlore is about the Loch Ness Monster. Host Jack Daly takes the listener through the history of Nessie, which is said to have begun in the 6th Century AD when St. Columba had an encounter with a water monster in the River Ness. Theories of what Nessie might be are put forth, which include the theories that it is a plesiosaur and that it is the result of pareidolia. The history of photographic and video evidence of Nessie is also covered, and judgements of whether they are real or hoaxes is provided. Be ready for another fascinating episode of Beastlore!

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The “HYSTerical” Origins of Vibrators!

Dr. Chapa’s Clinical Pearls.

Play Episode Listen Later May 5, 2019 14:22

“Hysteria” referred to a constellation of psychological and physical ailments occurring only in women. It was thought to have its origin in the uterus. This can be traced back to ancient Egypt, the Greeks, and even the Roman era. Even the first FEMALE physician in Europe, Trota of Salerno (11th Century AD) propagated the theory. Ancient treatments for hysteria included “genital massage“ in order to release “unused materials” from the female body! Hence the origins of what persists today... the VIBRATOR.

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The One Game Business Leaders Should Play

The Future of Work With Jacob Morgan

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2019 3:57

The game of Chess has been around since the 6th Century AD and it has been a huge part of my life for as long as I can remember. I think all business leaders should learn how to play because there are so many business lessons we can learn from Chess. I am quite obsessed with the game of Chess. It has been a huge part of my life for as long as I can remember and it is something that I really enjoy doing. Chess is not only a fun and challenging game, but it also provides many life lessons. I think all business leaders should learn how to play chess because it can teach us a lot about business. Here are the 6 biggest business lessons I have learned from playing chess: 1. How to work with AI 2. How to look at the big picture 3. Patience 4. How to look at several different situations and figure out what outcomes each may bring 5. How to identify patterns 6. How to be comfortable with the unknown All of these lessons are important to learn and will help you be a better leader. So, if you have some extra time on your hands, try Chess. I highly recommend it.

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Against Heresies: Our Pinball Faith - The Most Famous Heresy of All

Lakeland Community Church

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 10, 2019 31:08

The Most Famous Heresy of All: Arianism is the original controversy of the church dating back to the 2nd Century AD. The heresy debates the human and divine nature of Jesus and it debates if Jesus is before/beyond creation or within creation.

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Joan Roig: "We have a Byzantine settlement over there from the seventh century AD"

Ibizology

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 26, 2018 70:50

Ibizan archaeologist, Joan Roig, takes us on a tour of the Ca Na Negreta bypass excavation near Ibiza Town. Earlier in the summer his team uncovered an inscribed Roman tombstone, a Byzantine settlement and Punic vineyards. Later Joan describes the pleasures and torments of professional archaeology.

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5 Things You Didn't Know About Royal Dogs {For Kids Podcast}

I Can't Believe That Happened History Podcast for Kids

Play Episode Listen Later May 4, 2018 9:02

Royal DogsDogs have long been popular in Royal households even when they were not hunters or protector dogs have had a special place in royal homes. Here are the top 5 things you didn't know about Royal Dogs from history.'I. In 1715 the Duchess d' Orleans reportedto a friend that her grandson the Duc de Charles was placed in a miniature triumphal car pulled by a large cat. A pigeon was a coachman and a favorite dog named Adrienne was seated with another dog named Picart was footman who was so well trained that Picart would let down the steps when it was time to get out of the carriage. On his off moments, Picart was often saddled to play horse for the royal dolls.2. Dogs in Royal Houses often had jobsIn ancient China pugs were taught to hold candelas in their mouth to light the path, Poodles at Versailles were stylists who would hold a ladies train to keep it from getting dirty. You can see how important dogs were as best friends and entertainment of the royal children but did you know they saved lines? King Edward Vl was saved in. 1549 when his barking foiled a kidnapping plan.3. Dog collars fit for the most discerningof canines. In first Century AD, top dogs could expect intricate silver collars.In the Renaissance, a royal hunter could look for a bejeweled collar while dogs meant for lap or sofa did not need anything but ornamentation. Louis Xl of France gave his greyhound, Choami a collar of scarlet velvet with 20 pearls and 11 rubies.The Nawab of Junagadh Mahabat Khan Rasul Khan might be the most lavish for his good dogs, there were 150 of them. For his favorites, he gave diamond collars for their formal oil portraits. It pays to be a good dog.4. Some dogs were able to help the staffMao Shih Tzu the dogs were fitted with collars covered in bells. Since the dogs were with the emperor the servants always knew where he was.5. Not sure how to feel about this butfor a time dog earrings were all the rage. From the Medici s 1573-1627) to Spainthe trend remained until the late 18th century Don't Miss A Story, Sign Up Today For Updates Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. We respect your privacy. Buy Sgt. Stubby Notebook Royal Dogs: Penelope & Beatrice See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

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2.39 The Recorded History of Syria

The Christian History Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 17, 2017 24:10

This week I cover what is essentially the recorded history of Syria from about 3000 BC to the 20th Century AD. Syria is mentioned throughout the Old and New Testaments and I'm working it in here because it was part of the Battle of Siddim narrative. Given that more comprehensive records are avaible the closer to the current period we draw, a great deal of attention is placed on the first half of the 20th century in Syria. I also touch on the Ottomans, Akkadians, Egyptians, Muslims, Mongols, and the Crusaders. Next week, I'll wrap up the history of Syria. You don't want to miss it. After listening, let me know what you think.

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Life of Adam and Eve - Part 2

Jesus Christ is here NOW!

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 19, 2016 63:15

Part 2 of 2 (second book of Adam and Eve) - Power message about how Adam and Eve's life could have been like. Life of Adam and Eve, also known, in its Greek version, as the Apocalypse of Moses. Technically not Pseudepigraph Writing because doesn't claim authorship. It covers after expulsion to their deaths. After Adam dies, he and all his descendants are promised a resurrection. Some believed it was compiled in 1 Century AD. Learning you can take from this is - put yourself in their shoes, what would you do.

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Life of Adam and Eve - Part 1

Jesus Christ is here NOW!

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2016 41:31

Learning you can take from this is - put yourself in their shoes, what would you do. Part 1 of 2 (Book of Adam and Eve) - Power message about how Adam and Eve's life could have been like. Life of Adam and Eve, also known, in its Greek version, as the Apocalypse of Moses. Technically not Pseudepigraph Writing because doesn't claim authorship. It covers after expulsion to their deaths. After Adam dies, he and all his descendants are promised a resurrection. Some believed it was compiled in 1 Century AD.

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Being just like the Rabbi

Calvary Chapel Oxnard

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 13, 2015 32:10

There was a unique relationship between Rabbis & their Disciples in the 1st Century AD in Galilee. We see that in the call of the 12 to follow Jesus.

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Jesus: Another Jewish Over Achiever

CONTEXT

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 22, 2014 16:37

This episode of Context explores the Jewish character of Jesus, as described in the Gospels. Dr. David Neiman reads passages from the New Testament that paint a portrait of Jesus as a normal first century Jewish boy from a modest, traditional Jewish family. The words of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, are replete with references from Jewish literature, both traditional texts and popular works of the 1st Century AD such at Pirkei Avot, “The Wisdom of the Fathers”. The people of Judea in the 1st century were split into a number of factions that crossed the political spectrum. Jesus’ words indicate that his attention was focused on preaching to his fellow Jews. Jesus’ world outlook was apocalyptic. He had a vision of an upcoming conflict that promised to be very violent.

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An Honour to Die for One’s Country? The War Dead in Greek Antiquity and the 20th Century AD

Krieg und Heldentum

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 25, 2013 53:26

Prof. Dr Gunnel Ekroth (Uppsala), Vortrag gehalten am 23.10.2013

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An Honour to Die for One’s Country? The War Dead in Greek Antiquity and the 20th Century AD

Krieg und Heldentum

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 25, 2013 53:26

Prof. Dr Gunnel Ekroth (Uppsala), Vortrag gehalten am 23.10.2013

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Episode 54 - A Creator Spotlight on Dash Shaw

The Comics Alternative

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 26, 2013 117:08

This week on The Comics Alternative, the Two Guys with PhDs feature another “Creator Spotlight” episode, this one focused on the works of Dash Shaw. Tof Eklund joins Derek in discussing and defining a truly unique presence in comics, an artist whose work has been evolving over the past decade. They begin by looking at Shaw's most recent works, the comic book 3 Stories and the brand new graphic novel, New School (both from Fantagraphics). Tof and Derek note the distinctive visual style of these books — with their heavy linework and their prominent reliance on color, patterns, and background images — and how they differ greatly from most of Shaw's previous comics. Next they turn their attention to some of Shaw's earlier works published by Fantagraphics, such as BodyWorld (Tof's favorite Dash Shaw book), Bottomless Belly Button (Derek's favorite), The Unclothed Man in the 35th Century AD (which includes previously published short comics, including the pieces included the quarterly anthology, Mome), as well as his lesser known works, such as The Mother's Mouth (Alternative Comics) and the recent minicomic, New Jobs (Uncivilized Books). If you are unfamiliar with the comics of Dash Shaw, then this is your opportunity to jump right on in and discover a creator whose work stands out from the pack.

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Episode 14: First Century AD Religion Extra: John the Baptist

jesus christ history religion christianity john the baptist baptist papacy first century century ad

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2013 23:57

John the Baptist is referred to variously as the precursor, ground layer and forerunner of Jesus. His story is quite well known and is documented in each of the four canonical gospels. In this episode, we will take a closer look at John and see how he was involved in the religious situation of the early first century AD. We will also look at John's own organization and how it could have interacted with the early Christian movement. You can learn more about the History of Papacy and subscribe at all these great places: http://atozhistorypage.com/ email: mailto:steve@atozhistorypage.com http://rss.acast.com/historyofthepapacy Agora: www.agorapodcastnetwork.com See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode 13: First Century AD Religion Part 3: Judaism

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Play Episode Listen Later Jun 3, 2013 35:35

In this episode we will take a look at the situation of Judaism in the First Century AD. This was an extremely chaotic time in history. We will discuss the religious factions and how they interacted with each other and the Romans. You can learn more about the History of Papacy and subscribe at all these great places: http://atozhistorypage.com/ email: mailto:steve@atozhistorypage.com http://rss.acast.com/historyofthepapacy Agora: www.agorapodcastnetwork.com See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode 12: First Century AD Religion Part 2: The Mystery Religions