Podcasts about Warm Springs

There are plenty of incredible overnight destinations in Oregon, but what about Warm Springs? Home of the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs, the reservation has not only beautiful rolling high desert hills, but also the immensely popular Kah-Nee-Ta Hot Springs Resort and the Museum at Warm Springs. On this week's episode of Peak Northwest, we outline a brief itinerary for a great overnighter to the central Oregon destination. Here are some highlights from this week's show: A beautiful Oregon state park is worth taking the longer route to Warm Springs. What you'll find at the Museum at Warm Springs. What it's like to stay in a tipi at Kah-Nee-Ta Hot Springs Resort. How to find a moment of relaxation at the busy Kah-Nee-Ta pools. Subscribe to Peak Northwest on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify or anywhere you listen to podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about Yamato's Last Stand. In the spring of 1945, as WW2 intensified, the US Marines commenced a fierce assault on Okinawa. Amidst heavy bombardment, the Japanese 32nd Army fortified their positions, preparing for a desperate counteroffensive. Codenamed Operation Ten-Ichi-Go, Japan's final bid involved the legendary battleship Yamato, tasked with a suicidal mission to confront the American fleet. On April 7, 1945, as the Yamato sailed towards its fate, American forces were ready. Hundreds of aircraft descended upon the ship in a coordinated attack, unleashing bombs and torpedoes. Despite its infamous firepower, Yamato struggled against the relentless onslaught. With its systems failing, Captain Aruga and Admiral Ito made the agonizing decision to go down with their ship. As the proud battleship sank, it symbolized both Japan's indomitable spirit and the crushing weight of defeat, forever etching its story into the annals of military history. This episode is the First Okinawa Counteroffensive Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Picking up from last time. The Japanese naval-air counteroffensive against Admiral Spruance's forces at Okinawa had been decisively defeated with minimal losses, allowing General Buckner's 10th Army to proceed with the land offensive largely without interference. While General Geiger's Marines advanced toward the sparse Japanese defenses in northern Okinawa, General Hodge's 24th Corps in the south encountered the main enemy line of resistance centered around the Shuri fortified zone. Initially, the 32nd Army had declined to launch a land counteroffensive in conjunction with Operation Ten-Go and the Yamato's suicide attack, fearing that the Americans might execute another amphibious landing at Machinato while the Japanese wasted their strength in a futile effort to reclaim the airfields. However, pressure from Tokyo and Formosa compelled General Ushijima to resume planning for this operation. Ultimately, it was decided that instead of initiating a broad counterattack, the Japanese would deploy a brigade-strength force overnight on April 12 to breach the American lines and advance approximately six miles. If successful, this would be followed by a general attack. Accordingly, Colonel Yoshida Masaru's 22nd Regiment was assigned to the 62nd Division and assembled northeast of Shuri, tasked with attacking through enemy lines east of the Ginowan Road and advancing toward Shimabuku. To bolster this offensive, General Fujioka was also instructed to deploy three reserve battalions for a three-pronged attack from the west aimed at Chatan. However, Colonel Yahara, 32nd Army operations chief, strongly opposed the counterattack plan, feeling that it was not in keeping with the army's defensive mission and that it would waste men. He succeeded in getting the 1st Battalion of the 22d Regiment and elements of the 23d IIB cut from the counterattack force. He made a dire prediction that the infiltrating units, unfamiliar with the terrain in their attack sectors, would get lost, confused, and cut to pieces during a night assault. Taking a sidenote here, I read Yahara's rather famous novel about his experience of the battle for Okinawa and I highly recommend it to all of you. It's a great insight into the perspective of the Japanese and how the leadership were beginning to change their mind on how to go about the war. Yahara, acting without Ushijima's knowledge, advised Fujioka to commit only four battalions to the attack, predicting it would inevitably fail. Meanwhile, the American offensive was still in progress. On April 9, as Major-General George Griner's 27th Division landed at the Orange Beaches near Kadena, the ships of Colonel Waltern Winn's 105th Regiment met with Admiral Blandy's Eastern Islands Attack and Fire Support Group at the Kerama Islands, preparing to move to Tsugen Island overnight. Following a preliminary air and naval bombardment, which saw some Japanese mortar fire in response, Winn's 3rd Battalion successfully landed on the morning of April 10. The Americans then advanced inland with light resistance, quickly securing the northern part of the island but failing to overrun the entrenched enemy positions in Tsugen village. The assault continued the next day against persistent opposition, but organized resistance gradually diminished, allowing the Americans to secure the rest of the island by nightfall, marking the conclusion of the Eastern Islands operation. On April 11, General Shepherd's Marines continued to probe for the main enemy positions in northern Okinawa; the 1st Battalion, 22nd Marines patrolled eastward from their new base at Shana Wan, while the 29th Marines advanced toward Manna. Due to this progress, Buckner decided to fully merge Phases I and II, ordering the 77th Division to capture Iejima on April 16. To the south, Colonel Albert Stebbins's 106th Regiment was attached to the 96th Division, moving toward that division's reserve area, while Colonel Gerard Kelley's 165th Regiment relieved the 17th Regiment in the corps service area. Most significantly, General Bradley continued his attacks on Kakazu Ridge, with the 1st Battalion, 381st Regiment attempting to assault the western slopes but halted short of the ridge crest by determined defenders. At the same time, the 3rd Battalion, 383rd Regiment pushed up the northwest slopes of Kakazu Ridge but was also pinned down by intense Japanese fire. Simultaneously, following an intense artillery bombardment, the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment finally succeeded in breaking into Ouki. However, additional reinforcements were thwarted by heavy Japanese fire, forcing the troops to retreat. With no further advancements, the 7th Division and the 382nd Regiment were relegated to patrolling and mopping up their designated areas over the next few days. At sea, Admiral Ugaki resumed his kamikaze assaults that day, damaging the carriers Essex and Enterprise, the battleship Missouri, and eight destroyers. However, his primary operation commenced on April 12, when he launched approximately 380 aircraft for a second mass Kikisui attack, primarily targeting Admiral Turner's Task Force 51 west of Okinawa. Thanks to cryptanalysis warnings, Turner scrambled his own fighter planes, which successfully shot down 298 Japanese aircraft. Despite attempting numerous missions, Kanoya's specially trained 721st Kokutai Jinrai-Butai “Divine Thunder” unit had so far failed to launch a single Ohka suicide rocket against the Americans. On April 12, however, eight Betty bombers would finally launch six Ohkas against the 5th Fleet, although five Betties never returned. At RPS-14, about 70nm northwest of Okinawa, a Zero plowed into Mannert L. Abele's engine room at 14:40, its 500lb bomb exploding and leaving the destroyer dead in the water. One minute later an Ohka came screaming in at 575mph, slammed into Mannert L. Abele and exploded. She sank in five minutes, losing 97 dead. Mannert L. Abele was the first destroyer hit by an Ohka and the last sunk by one. Destroyer-minesweeper Jeffers, en route to assist Mannert L. Abele, observed a twin-engined bomber eight miles away drop a smoking “belly tank” that suddenly rocketed towards Jeffers “at terrific speed.” Numerous 40mm hits and hard maneuvering saw the Ohka miss Jeffers astern and disintegrate. Additionally 3 battleships, 14 destroyers, 2 destroyer minesweepers, and another landing craft were damaged. Meanwhile, Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 57 was ordered to strike the Shinchiku and Matsuyama airfields in northern Formosa, and over the next two days, 48 Avengers and 40 fighters successfully attacked Shinchiku and Kiirun Harbor. On Okinawa, the 6th Reconnaissance Company captured Bise Saki with minimal resistance, while the 29th Marines faced significant opposition southeast of Manna near Mount Yae-Take, indicating where the main enemy forces were located. This prompted Shepherd to reposition the 3rd Battalion, 22nd Marines to Awa as his new divisional reserve. At the same time, Japanese guerrillas managed to retake Ishikawa, which they would hold for the following two days. Facing south, the 96th Division made another attempt to capture Kakazu but was once again thwarted by the determined defenders. By this time, approximately 5,750 Japanese soldiers were estimated to have been killed in the southern region, while the 24th Corps suffered losses of 451 men killed, 2,198 wounded, and 241 missing. In the afternoon of April 12, 1945, in Warm Springs, Georgia, while sitting for a portrait by Elizabeth Shoumatoff, President Franklin D. Roosevelt said: "I have a terrific headache." He then slumped forward in his chair, unconscious, and was carried into his bedroom. The president's attending cardiologist, Howard Bruenn, diagnosed a massive intracerebral hemorrhage. At 3:35 pm, Roosevelt died at the age of 63. His declining health had been kept secret from the public, leading to shock and sorrow worldwide upon the news of his death. Harry Truman, who was serving as vice president in 1945, succeeded FDR as president. Meanwhile, back in Okinawa, Fujioka initiated his counteroffensive after a heavy artillery bombardment, advancing his four battalions to secretly infiltrate the American lines. On the eastern front, the 22nd Regiment struggled to advance due to becoming disoriented in unfamiliar terrain.  The night attacks suffered from several unexpected problems. Heavy shelling had changed the landscape, blasting away villages and thickets, so that even though night infiltrators knew their maps and thought they knew the terrain, they lacked the landmarks needed to tell them where they actually were. Moreover, frequent illumination shells forced the eyes of night infiltrators to adjust so many times that their capacity to adjust was lost. They became temporarily blinded and so were unable to move. Because of the unfamiliar terrain and flash blindness, the Japanese night fighters had difficulty reaching their assigned objectives. In fact, it was hard for them to reach their jumping-off points. Continuous naval bombardment of crossroads and bridges forced units to rush across in small groups between shells so that the units became strung out on the roads and difficult to control. It was hard to move heavy ammunition and supplies forward because of these interdiction points and the generally churned up roads. Even when units reached their northward assembly points safely by night, they were immediately exposed to aerial observation and artillery fire at dawn, since they lacked enough time to dig in. Units that attacked across American lines safely in darkness had the same problem: they lacked time to dig in and so were utterly exposed to artillery fire at morning light. Night attacks, like flanking maneuvers, were a kind of cure-all in prewar Japanese doctrine. But they failed to provide the expeditious results on Okinawa that IJA doctrine had led the 32d Army Staff to expect. Consequently, Yoshida's four infiltration attempts, each involving about a squad, were effectively repelled by troops from the 32nd, 184th, and 382nd Regiments before midnight. The only significant attack came from around 45 Japanese soldiers against the positions held by Company G of the 184th, which quickly returned fire, forcing the enemy to retreat to their caves and trenches. In contrast, the assault on the 96th Division on the western front was intense, sustained, and well-coordinated. The forward units of Major-General Nakajima Tokutaro's 63rd Brigade launched their own local offensive to maintain pressure on the thin line held by the 382nd and 383rd Regiments, while elements from the 23rd, 272nd, and 273rd Independent Battalions infiltrated the American lines and moved into the Ginowan area. The majority of the 272nd Division launched an assault on American positions at Kakazu Ridge, enduring intense naval and artillery fire but ultimately being repelled by the determined defenders after several hours of combat. By morning, the bodies of 317 enemy soldiers were counted on the ridge, whereas the Americans suffered 50 casualties. Meanwhile, the 273rd Division attacked along the west coast against the recently arrived 2nd Battalion of the 106th Regiment, which decisively repelled the Japanese assault and nearly annihilated the independent battalion. Despite this, some units from the 23rd and 272nd Independent Battalions managed to penetrate approximately 1,000 yards behind American lines between Nishibaru and Kaniku but became isolated after dawn on April 13. Throughout the day, Bradley's troops worked to eliminate these infiltrators, many of whom detonated explosives when trapped. When these units retreated into Japanese lines later that night, only half of their original numbers had survived. Just before midnight, the reserve 9th Company of the 22nd Regiment launched an attack against the 184th Regiment following preparatory artillery fire, but this offensive was quickly disrupted by artillery, mortars, and machine-gun fire. On April 14, Nakajima's forces attempted two more assaults on Kakazu in the early hours, but these attempts were similarly thwarted by artillery and machine-gun fire. Given the failures of the offensives, Ushijima had no choice but to order a suspension of the attack, resulting in a shift to a defensive posture for the Japanese. Over the two days of combat, the 24th Corps reported killing 1,594 Japanese soldiers and capturing four, with losses of fewer than 100 American troops. In the northern region, an extensive air and naval bombardment of Iejima commenced while the Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed on Minna Island, securing it without encountering resistance to position artillery units for General Bruce's upcoming attack, which would involve the 305th and 306th Regiments. Meanwhile, in northern Okinawa, the 29th Marines continued to advance against enemy positions at Yae-Take through vigorous patrolling, preparing for a morning assault the next day. Concerned about the pace of progress, Shepherd relieved Colonel Bleasdale of command, replacing him with veteran Colonel William Whaling. However, Shepherd recognized that taking the 1,200-foot summit would require more than one regiment, so he ordered the 4th Marines to move from the east coast to Yofuke and then to the southwest corner of the Motobu Peninsula. Additionally, Colonel Shapley's 3rd Battalion was tasked with moving to Kawada, while the reinforced 2nd Battalion of the 22nd Marines rapidly advanced up the west coast to secure Hedo Misaki. On April 14, Shepherd initiated a coordinated assault on Yae-Take, with Whaling's 3rd Battalion and Shapley's 2nd Battalion advancing from the area around Toguchi against unexpectedly light resistance, while the rest of the 29th Marines moved out from Itomi to clear the Itomi-Toguchi Road. Although the eastern front faced strong opposition and required a change in strategy to advance southwesterly for better elevation advantage, rapid progress was made on the west, prompting Shapley to commit his reserve 1st Battalion to secure the exposed right flank. At the same time, Whaling's 3rd Battalion and Shapley's 2nd Battalion continued their advance against significantly strengthened enemy resistance, ultimately capturing another ridge located 1,000 yards ahead. Initial opposition consisted of small enemy groups. These hostile covering forces employed every available means to delay and disorganize the advance, and to mislead the attackers as to the location of the battle position. The Japanese would lie in concealment, with weapons zeroed in on a portion of a trail, allowing a considerable number of Marines to pass before opening up on a choice target. An entire platoon was permitted to pass a point on a trail without interference, but when the company commander reached that point with his headquarters section, a burst of machine-gun fire killed him and several others. Officer casualties were excessively high. In an area in which there had been no firing for over half an hour, Major Bernard W. Green, commanding the 1st Battalion, 4th Marines, was killed instantly by machine-gun fire. No one else was hurt, although Major Green was standing with his operations and intelligence officers on either side of him. Lieutenant Colonel Fred D. Beans, Regimental Executive Officer, assumed command of the battalion. "It was like fighting a phantom enemy." For while the hills and ravines were apparently swarming with Japanese, it was difficult to close with them. The small enemy groups, usually built around a heavy Hotchkiss machine gun augmented by Nambus, would frequently change positions in the dense vegetation. Hostile volleys elicited furious Marine fusillades into the area from whence the firing had come. But after laboriously working their way to the spot, the Marines came upon only an occasional bloodstain on the ground. Neither live nor dead Japanese were to be found. One Marine registered his impression of these tactics by blurting out, "Jeez, they've all got Nambus, but where are they?" Meanwhile, the 29th Marines advanced 800 yards up steep slopes despite facing fierce opposition; however, the 1st Battalion eventually found itself pinned down by intense Japanese gunfire. Additionally, Shapley's 3rd Battalion crossed the island via motor march to relieve the 3rd Battalion of the 22nd Marines in division reserve, which then returned to its patrol base at Majiya. To the south, Hodge recognized the need for a full-scale effort to penetrate the fortified Shuri area, so he scheduled a corps attack involving three divisions abreast for April 19. In preparation, he dedicated the following four days to organizing the assault, with the 27th Division taking over from the 96th Division in the western region of its zone, while smaller local attacks were conducted to enhance forward positions. Aware of the impending major attack, the Japanese used this preparatory period to bolster their defenses with additional supporting weapons. Back to the north, on April 15, most of the 29th Marines consolidated their defenses on high ground and exerted constant pressure on the rear of the Yae-Take position through vigorous patrols to the west and northwest. On the other hand, Whaling's 3rd Battalion advanced east and south approximately 900 yards amidst heavy machine-gun, mortar, and artillery fire before being halted by a strong enemy position on Hill 210. Additionally, the 4th Marines faced fierce resistance as Shapley's battalions finally secured Hill 200 and a critical hill mass just southwest of Yae-Take. Fully aware that his primary positions would soon be overrun, Colonel Udo decided to transition to guerrilla tactics by nightfall, relocating his command to the mountainous regions of northern Okinawa via Itomi. In light of these developments, the 1st Battalion, 22nd Marines was placed into division reserve at Awa to allow Shapley's 3rd Battalion to prepare for the following day's assault. On April 16, the offensive resumed, with Whaling's 3rd Battalion swiftly capturing Hill 210 in conjunction with Shapley's 2nd Battalion. Meanwhile, the rest of the 4th Marines secured a ridge just below Yae-Take by midday, while the 29th Marines applied continuous pressure on the rear of Udo's fortified stronghold. While the 4th Marines was storming the fortified position on Yae-Take, the 29th Marines maintained relentless pressure against its rear. The opposition which faced the 29th was similar to that on the front of the 4th. From log-revetted bunkers and occasional concrete emplacements the enemy resisted the advance with increasing stubbornness, supported by machine-guns, mortars, and artillery concealed in ravines and in caves on the high ground. Rugged terrain and an acute supply situation also contributed to the difficulties confronting the 29th Marines in accomplishing its task of clearing the high ground flanking the Itomi-Toguchi Road. The enemy displayed his usual ability to exploit the terrain and derived the maximum benefit from his weapons emplaced in caves and pits and concealed by natural cover. Particularly noteworthy was his use of 20mm dual-purpose cannon against personnel. Fire from these weapons on battalion CPs was a daily occurrence. All roads and natural avenues of approach were covered. Any attempt to move over the easier routes was met with bitter and effective resistance. Consequently, "the method of reducing the enemy positions followed a pattern of 'ridgehopping'," covered by the fires of all supporting weapons. This tactic enabled the attacker to envelop the hostile defenses and reduce them in detail. Numerous abandoned positions and weapons encountered by the 29th indicated that the determination of the Japanese to resist diminished considerably when they were taken from the flank. In contrast to a coordinated advance with all units in contact across a broad front, the action in the zone of the 29th Marines was characterized by attacks that, even when delivered simultaneously, constituted a series of local patrol actions to seize critical positions, followed by mopping up activity within the area. In the afternoon, Shapley's 1st and 3rd Battalions assaulted the formidable mountain, gradually making their way up the steep slope under light and scattered small-arms fire. However, as the Marines reached the peak, they encountered intense fire at close range, which quickly forced them to pull back. After a fierce and close engagement, the 1st Battalion ultimately regained control of Yae-Take, managing to hold the summit against strong Japanese counterattacks, aided by artillery support and Shapley's 2nd Battalion. Meanwhile, at dawn on April 16, two battleships, four cruisers, and seven destroyers under Rear-Admiral Bertram Rodgers launched a heavy bombardment on Iejima, while aircraft bombed and rocketed the island, dropping tanks of napalm on and behind the beaches. Approximately 2,000 Japanese troops, led by Major Igawa Masashi, had destroyed Iejima's airfields and strengthened the central eastern region of the island in an effort to entice the invaders to approach the vulnerable southeastern beaches. Their aim was to annihilate them with concentrated fire from numerous hidden positions in the Pinnacle and the town of Ie. However, the Americans saw through this strategy. Bruce's plan involved landing Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Coolidge's 305th Regiment on the Red Beaches along the southern coast of Iejima and Colonel Aubrey Smith's 306th Regiment on the Green Beach at the island's southwest tip. The 305th was tasked with advancing eastward to capture additional landing areas, while the 306th was to move north and take control of the airfield. Both regiments would then focus on neutralizing enemy strongholds at the island's eastern end. Following intense air and naval bombardments, amphibious tanks and subsequent waves of amphibious tractors surged toward the landing beaches that morning, supported by rocket fire from LCI gunboats. At 07:58, the forward elements of the 1st Battalion, 305th Regiment successfully landed on the southern coast of Iejima, just south of the airfield, while the 3rd Battalion landed on a different beach, 600 yards to the left, three minutes later. At 08:07, the first waves of the 306th Regiment made landfall on Green Beach. The 305th moved swiftly inland over high dunes and then turned east toward Ie, while the 306th advanced 2,000 yards inland to the airfield's western edge, with the reserve 3rd Battalion securing the island's western end. By the afternoon, the troops advanced rapidly, seizing the airfield with only light resistance, achieving a total gain of about 5,500 yards by nightfall. Conversely, the 305th faced stiffer opposition on its way to Ie, managing to advance only about 800 yards eastward while defending against strong nighttime counterattacks. During the night of 16 April the enemy launched a coordinated attack on the 3d Battalion of the 305th. The attack came with suicidal recklessness. The Japanese were supported by mortars and 70-mm. guns, and were armed with small arms, sharpened stakes, bags of hand grenades, and literally hundreds of satchel charges, some of which had been improvised from mortar shells. Japanese worked up to the perimeters in small groups and either threw their satchel charges at close range or blew themselves up in an effort to take Americans with them. Some of the human bombs were successful, but most of the Japanese were killed before they came within effective range. One American had his arm broken by the flying leg of a Japanese soldier who had blown himself up. After hours of wild fighting in the dark the enemy withdrew, leaving 152 of his dead in and around the 3d Battalion's position.  While back at sea, Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 58 had effectively launched attacks on Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, Kikaijima, and southern Kyushu over the past four days, the Japanese responded with a series of scattered kamikaze assaults that caused damage to the battleship New York and four destroyers. On April 16, Ugaki initiated his third large-scale Kikisui attack, acutely aware that another failure in the air could spell the doom of Operation Ten-Go. Despite Mitscher's preemptive strikes against Kyushu, where Americans claimed to have destroyed 202 aircraft and damaged 79 at the cost of only nine planes, at least 289 Japanese attackers were still able to launch missions against Spruance's 5th Fleet. Although American interceptors and anti-aircraft fire recorded another 217 kills, the surviving kamikaze pilots managed to sink the destroyer Pringle and inflict damage on the carrier Intrepid, the battleship Missouri, three destroyers, two destroyer minesweepers, and two landing craft. Notably, the destroyer Laffey withstood six kamikaze impacts, four bomb hits, and numerous strafing runs, resulting in 32 fatalities and 71 injuries among its crew. The following day, a smaller attack on April 17 resulted in additional damage to the light carrier Bataan and one destroyer, yet Americans claimed another 49 kills. However, Ugaki had exhausted much of his strength since the invasion began and was left with approximately 598 operational planes. Meanwhile, fighting continued in northern Okinawa, where some surviving troops from Udo advanced toward Nakaoshi to escape the Motobu Peninsula. Supported by heavy artillery barrages and battleship gunfire, the 29th Marines slowly progressed over challenging terrain, encountering only light resistance, as they successfully secured the mountainous area ahead and connected with the 4th Marines. Shapley's 1st and 3rd Battalions continued their push northward toward the Itomi-Toguchi Road, swiftly advancing downhill and completely overwhelming all Japanese defenses in the region. By nightfall, the 4th and 29th Marines had positioned themselves along the elevated terrain overlooking the Itomi-Toguchi Road. The 305th resumed its assault, aiming to capture the high ground behind Red Beaches 3 and 4. The 1st Battalion encountered only minimal resistance along the coast, allowing them to make significant progress, while the 3rd Battalion quickly secured the high ground in its area before being halted by intense machine-gun fire from caves in the coral slopes to the north. A maneuvering strategy followed by an infantry-tank assault eventually neutralized this enemy position, enabling the advance to continue steadily until the 3rd Battalion reached the outskirts of Ie. Due to the strong resistance faced, Bruce opted to deploy Colonel Stephen Hamilton's 307th Regiment on the beaches southwest of Ie. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions were subsequently landed there and launched an attack northeast, quickly advancing approximately 400 yards despite increasingly fierce resistance, ultimately being halted by heavy enemy fire from Bloody Ridge and Government House Hill. Meanwhile, the 306th Regiment maintained its defensive position while probing the enemy's fortifications around Iegusugu. The next day, the 306th began to pivot its right flank and launched an attack toward the Pinnacle with two battalions, making notable progress throughout the day. Concurrently, the 307th continued its advance into Ie despite facing heavy resistance, quickly reaching a standstill in front of Government House Hill. As a result, with the 2nd Battalion effectively immobilized, the decision was made to deploy the 3rd Battalion around to the right flank to launch an assault toward the northeast in the eastern part of the town, while the 3rd Battalion of the 305th Regiment advanced eastward toward Iegusugu. After a heavy preparation by the artillery on Minna Shima, the 3d Battalion, 305th, attacked at 1130 on an 800-yard front. A house-to-house fight ensued amid the rubble of Ie. "Every street became a phase line," one observer reported. The necessity of forming a connecting link over the wide area between the 306th and the 307th made the fight harder. Artillery was ineffective against many enemy positions and could not be used freely because other friendly units were so close by. Self-propelled guns were held up by mines and debris in the narrow streets. After working about halfway through the northwestern section of the town, the troops withdrew to a more secure position on the outskirts, their right (south) flank then being 500 yards west of Government House Hill, and their left (north) flank 100 yards west of the base of Iegusugu. They had made a net gain of only about 350 yards for the day. Similarly, Hamilton's 3rd Battalion achieved moderate success, advancing to a position 300 yards north of the village of Agarii-mae. To protect its right flank, the 1st Battalion of the 305th Regiment positioned itself alongside the 3rd Battalion of the 307th Regiment and launched a northern attack, gaining approximately 1000 yards by day's end before withdrawing to a position about 600 yards east of Agarii-mae. Medium tanks and self-propelled guns covered the gap that developed between the two battalions of the 307th. These weapons put direct fire into caves, pillboxes, and enemy gun positions in the town of Ie and the Pinnacle. They could not be moved close to the enemy positions, however; deadly machine-gun and mortar fire held the infantry back and left the armor vulnerable to suicide attacks by Japanese armed with satchel charges, who hid in holes until the tanks and guns came within range. Meanwhile, after four days of intense fighting, activities in the Motobu area on April 18 were limited to reorganization, consolidating the gains from the previous day, patrolling the Itomi-Toguchi Road, and resupplying. Looking south, Griner called for a nighttime preliminary attack to secure the Machinato Inlet and the Urasoe-Mura Escarpment. As the area was shrouded in smoke during the afternoon, Company G of the 106th Regiment swiftly crossed the inlet and successfully secured Machinato by nightfall, while bridges were constructed at the inlet. The 106th then moved across the bridges, stealthily advancing toward the Urasoe-Mura Escarpment without encountering opposition. Near the summit, the troops launched a surprise ambush against the defenders, ultimately forcing the Japanese to retreat in chaos. With the escarpment secured by dawn, the 106th was prepared to participate in the general attack to the south. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The first Okinawa counteroffensive, as part of Operation Ten-Ichi-Go was not achieving results. Despite overwhelming sacrifices of men and supplies, it seemed hopeless for the Japanese on Okinawa. Those like Colonel Yahara could see the paint on the wall, much to their growing depression.

Today's episode features broadcasts from April 13. First, you'll hear coverage of the arrival of the funeral train that brought thepresident from Warm Springs to Washington, D.C., and the procession from the train station to the White House. That is followed by an address from Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., delivering a speech his father had written for the United Nations conference and planned to deliver on April 13.Visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts. Subscribe to the ad-free version at https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/worldwar2radio/subscribe.

Eighty years ago today, U.S President Franklin Roosevelt died in Warm Springs, Georgia, stunning the nation and the world. Today, we have two episodes memorializing that pivotal event. Visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts. Subscribe to the ad-free version at https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/worldwar2radio/subscribe.

Eighty years ago today, U.S President Franklin Roosevelt died in Warm Springs, Georgia, stunning the nation and the world. Today, we have two episodes memorializing that pivotal event. Visit our website at BrickPickleMedia.com/podcasts. Subscribe to the ad-free version at https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/worldwar2radio/subscribe.

Eighty years after FDR's death at Warm Springs, Georgia; Student visas of four Emory University students revoked; and Delta Air Lines' investment in the South Side of Atlanta. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

“So after I was injured, all of a sudden I was discovering - Oh, there's a whole other possibility of how I can use these artistic disciplines I'm really passionate about, but with now this whole new lens on it of being somebody with a disability, somebody who's part of a community that has largely been marginalised and devoiced and that I think, by putting on stage, putting in the stories, suddenly there's a transformative element there. So I think it's something that I rediscovered, post disability, and rediscovered with new purpose,” says our new friend (made in 2024), Regan Linton. Barry's back, and guide dog Oyster too, joining us on our final episode of the year to speak with Linton to finish 2024 off with a bang. This week we're speaking with theatre and VoiceOver artist, performer, writer, and educator/advocate Regan Linton about finding one's voice and using it optimally as she has had to before and since the accident she experienced around her college years. Linton is one of our new pals from the disabled artist's retreat in Mount Vernon, Maine over the previous summer and together we're looking back over our time together at Drama Club Camp. We talk cross-disability solidarity, along with intersecting access needs, as Linton shares about her experience living as a wheelchair user. She shares with us about how theatre became a part of her life (both pre and post accident that caused paralysis from the chest down. She tells us about the road trip she took through southern states immediately after this year's election on her way to Warm Springs, Georgia, a special spot for her study of disabled president Franklin D. Roosevelt, a part adapted/and being played by Regan on stage as we discuss staying locked in our own bubbles vs being more open to other people's lived experiences which helps us better understand our own overall. We're looking back at the week we spent together getting to know each other, including the road trip we went on in Linton's wheelchair accessible van, an adventure from Maine to Boston, Mass, interdependence being key with our friend Regan and a key theme for this show. We're talking the umbrella of disability and disability experience with social change agent and artist and expert Regan Linton, as she shares about her own internal revolution, on Outlook on the final show of 2024. To check out more about our guest this week, her VoiceOver and educational work plus so much more, visit: https://www.reganlinton.com

Tune in with Alyssa Macy, a proud member of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and CEO of Washington Conservation Action. Listen as we discuss the work she's involved in, overcoming cancer, and how she takes care of her mind, body, and spirit.Healing Women Heals Mother Earth is a podcast series highlighting the unique role Indigenous women play in cultural preservation, environmental stewardship, and leadership. Most importantly, we will share how women take care of themselves while being involved in high level advocacy work.

BONUS episode featuring my summer of presidential travels as I fit in as many birthplaces, gravesites, homes, and other sites into one history professor's summer break. The second of three trips: join me as I visit upstate New York, the Hamptons, Manhattan, Washington DC, and more! Check out "How I Spent My Summer of Presidential Travels, 2024, Part 1"!Links to Previous Episodes Mentioned:Birthplaces"Martin Van Buren and Kinderhook""Theodore Roosevelt and Manhattan""Franklin Roosevelt and Hyde Park""George W Bush and New Haven"Homes"Martin Van Buren and Lindenwald""Millard Fillmore and East Aurora""James Buchanan and Wheatland""Ulysses Grant and Galena""Chester Alan Arthur and Manhattan""Grover Cleveland and Princeton""Theodore Roosevelt and Sagamore Hill""William Howard Taft and Washington DC""Woodrow Wilson and Washington DC""Franklin Roosevelt and Warm Springs""Harry S Truman and Independence""Gerald Ford and Alexandria""Barack Obama and Kalorama (and Maui)"Graves"John Quincy Adams' Tomb""Martin Van Buren's Tomb""Millard Fillmore's Tomb" "James Buchanan's Tomb"Support the showVisit the social media on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram!

Our local outdoor spaces aren't just beautiful—they're therapeutic. Plus they're the perfect antidote to stress that offer a chance to decompress and let nature work its magic. From meandering Greenbelt walkways to Warm Springs paths, join Host Lindsay Van Allen and Hey Boise newsletter editor Blake Hunter as they explore these outdoor escapes.  Want some more Boise news? Head over to our Hey Boise newsletter where you'll get a cheatsheet to the city every weekday morning. Learn more about the sponsor of this November 26th episode: Martini in the morning - Listen commercial free, subscription free for two weeks Inn at 500 Boise Art Revel Interested in advertising with City Cast Boise? Find more info HERE. Reach us at boise@citycast.fm. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

*5:00am: Buy When Guests Are Here *6:00am: Job You Do That People Ask To Do For Free, Jason Kelce Throwing A Fan's Phone *7:00am: Beat Mercedes for a $300 Diamond Pendant, Campaigns At Voting Sites *8:00am: Honk for the Holidays with Steph at Warm Springs and Rainbow *9:00am: JC's Jerk or Justified: Making Time For The Gym

6:00 - Bret Baier vs. Kamala Harris in Interview - Warm Springs Inmates to Vote? full 2748 Thu, 17 Oct 2024 13:01:13 +0000 kovhttS2Wxut3twijrKamY76mfH0ai5H Montana Talks with Aaron Flint 6:00 - Bret Baier vs. Kamala Harris in Interview - Warm Springs Inmates to Vote? Montana Talks with Aaron Flint ON DEMAND 2020 False https://play

The fire that killed 101 people and destroyed much of the town of Lahaina on Maui Island left financial, environmental, and emotional damage in its wake that will require years and significant resources to overcome. Not least on the list is a mountain of toxic burned debris that residents and officials are having trouble finding a suitable place for. Officials are studying whether the charred landscape will harm the delicate coral reef just offshore. Somewhere in the country, a new wildfire appears at least once a week during the most active season, and many of those leave lasting implications for tribes and residents. GUESTS Dr. Andrea Kealoha (Native Hawaiian), assistant professor of oceanography at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Don Gentry (Klamath Tribes), natural resources specialist for and former chairman the Klamath Tribes Bodie Shaw (Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs), deputy regional director for the Northwest Region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Blaze Lovell, reporter for the Honolulu Civil Beat

Western Alaska Minerals published new drill results this week from the Warm Springs area of the Illinois Creek project. Results included 1.15 meters of 687 g/t Ag, 33.6% Pb and 3.2m of 88.5 g/t Ag, 2.4% Pb, 4.0% Zn. Kit Marrs talks about the complexities of Warm Springs and what it means for the overall system of mineralization.

Western Alaska Minerals (WAM) has reported the first drill results from the Warm Springs target, which showed the presence of precious metals and significant copper values. The company drilled a total of nine holes at Warm Springs and four holes at the LH target. The results indicate the discovery of a new major pathway for the proximal source of fluids, which is important in the CRD model. The drilling also revealed a continuum of mineralization from the Warm Springs Zone to Water Pump Creek, with different mineral compositions. The company plans to analyze the data and reevaluate the resource at the Illinois Creek mine.

We have new drill data to share from Western Alaska Minerals, Snowline Gold, Collective Mining, Jaguar Mining and Trigon Metals. American Pacific Mining has completed drill work at Palmer. This episode of Mining Stock Daily is brought to you by...  Arizona Sonoran Copper Company (ASCU:TSX) is focused on developing its brownfield copper project on private land in Arizona. The Cactus Mine Project is located less than an hour's drive from the Phoenix International airport. Grid power and the Union Pacific Rail line situated at the base of the Cactus Project main road. With permitted water access, a streamlined permitting framework and infrastructure already in place, ASCU's Cactus Mine Project is a lower risk copper development project in the infrastructure-rich heartland of Arizona.For more information, please visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.arizonasonoran.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Fireweed Metals is advancing 3 different projects within the Yukon and Northwest Territories, including the flagship Macmillan Pass Project, a large zinc-lead-silver deposit and the Mactung Project, one of the largest and highest-grade tungsten deposits in the world. Fireweed plans to advance these projects through exploration, resource definition, metallurgy, engineering, economic studies and collaboration with indigenous people on the path to production. For more information please visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fireweedmetals.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Vizsla Silver is focused on becoming one of the world's largest single-asset silver producers through the exploration and development of the 100% owned Panuco-Copala silver-gold district in Sinaloa, Mexico. The company consolidated this historic district in 2019 and has now completed over 325,000 meters of drilling. The company has the world's largest, undeveloped high-grade silver resource. Learn more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://vizslasilvercorp.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Kah-Nee-Ta is back, just in time for the second half of summer vacation. The beloved Warm Springs resort is not completely back to its former glory, but a piece of it has been renovated and reopened as Kah-Nee-Ta Hot Springs Resort, setting it up as the hottest new vacation destination in Oregon. On this week's episode of Peak Northwest, we dive into the hot spring soaking pools, take a spin on the lazy river, and cool off in the poolside cabanas, giving you everything you need to know about the new Kah-Nee-Ta resort. Here are some highlights from this week's show: What's the history with Kah-Nee-Ta? Everything you need to know about the big renovation Overnight lodging options, including lodge rooms and teepees What's happening with the other parts of the old resort? Subscribe to Peak Northwest onApple Podcasts,Google Podcasts,Spotifyoranywhere you listen to podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A growing number of Oregon tribes have been investing in equine therapy for youth struggling on reservations and in foster care. Both the Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs have developed programs in the last three years. And the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, Klamath Tribes and Burns Paiute Tribe have plans to launch programs, some as soon as this summer. Nancy Marie Spears is the Indigenous children an d families reporter for The Imprint. She has been reporting on this trend and joins us to share more.

Around 50% of Bend's visitors arrive by travelling through the nearby Warm Springs Reservation. Local artist and radio producer Marge Kalama discusses how tourism impacts Warm Springs, emphasizing the importance of care for the land, the continuation of her community's cultural practices, and the opportunities for collaboration with organizations in the Bend area. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Western Alaska Minerals is commencing drilling at the Illinois Creek project in Alaska. The goal is to link the 8km long system from Water Pump Creek to the past producing Illinois Creek Oxide Gold Silver Mine. The company will be drilling at LH and Warm Springs, targeting high-grade zones of massive sulfide. The historic drilling at LH and Warm Springs was focused on extending mineralization for mining and did not assay for lead, zinc, and silver. The current drilling program is budgeted for 4,000 meters, but there is room for expansion if necessary.

An early summer heat wave just scorched the Southwest, breaking high temperature records, and another potentially record-breaking weather system is on it's way. 2023 was the worst year on record for heat-related deaths in Phoenix, Ariz. A 14-year study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) finds Indigenous populations in the U.S. suffer a higher percentage of heat-related deaths than any other population. NASA is just one of the agencies documenting the increasing frequency of high heat and drought, both of which put fire management officials on alert for the potential of another destructive wildfire season. We'll find out how Native American emergency management and public health officials are gearing up to prepare for potentially deadly weather conditions. GUESTS Bodie Shaw (member of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs), deputy regional director for the northwest region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Dr. Tolani Francisco (from the Pueblo of Laguna and Catawba), owner of Native Healing, LLC and wild horse and burro coordinator for the U.S. Forest Service Trevor Boucher, meteorologist at the National Weather Service

Nearly two years after losing federal certification, the state's adult psychiatric hospital in Warm Springs is facing leadership shakeups and turnover of medical providers and key staff.

Have you ever wondered how a self-storage facility can become a cash cow? This episode dives deep into a real-life case study: the Warm Springs facility, currently up for grabs. We'll dissect its potential, analyze market trends, and uncover the secrets to maximizing profitability in the self-storage industry. Don't miss out. Tune in and unlock the secrets to self-storage success!

Western Alaska Minerals CEO Kit Marrs discusses the company's initial inferred resource for Waterpump Creek in the Illinois Creek Project in Alaska. The resource contains 75 million ounces of silver equivalent, with a high-grade of 977 grams per ton silver equivalent. The resource is relatively insensitive to cutoff grade, indicating a large margin for potential mining. Marrs also discusses the next round of growth, focusing on the LH South area and the Warm Springs target. The market reaction to the resource has been positive, with increased trading volume and a bounce in the company's share price. Marrs plans to start drilling in June and will announce the company's exploration plans for 2024.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1127, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Asian Capitals 1: This capital is named for a religion. Islamabad. 2: In 1959 this city was designated to replace Karachi as the capital; its construction began 2 years later. Islamabad. 3: On Jan. 6, 2005 an international summit on tsunami relief opened in this city. Jakarta. 4: King Rama I built this city's Grand Palace, which contains the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. Bangkok. 5: The Ming rulers gave this city its name, which means "northern capital". Beijing. Round 2. Category: At A Loss For Worlds 1: This 1963 work was published in English with the title "Monkey Planet". "Planet of the Apes". 2: This 1963 work was published in England with the title "Monkey Planet". Planet of the Apes. 3: At the end of Arthur C. Clarke's "Childhood's End", this world is destroyed. Earth. 4: Anne McCaffrey's written about "The Dragonriders of", "The Skies of" and "The Renegades of" this imaginary planet. Pern. 5: It's the real name of the planet referred to in the title of a 1965 Frank Herbert novel. Arrakis. Round 3. Category: At The Dentist'S Office 1: Drill speed is measured in these; Dr. Morrison's in 1871 did about 600, today's turbine-powered ones about 300,000. RPMs. 2: The ADA says this is perfectly safe as the basis for amalgam fillings--it combines with other materials to make it stable. mercury. 3: Cavities form when bacteria break down sugars, forming this substance that dissolves enamel. acid. 4: Modern lead aprons worn during X-raying have a collar to protect this gland from the radiation. the thyroid gland. 5: From the Latin for "to close", it's the alignment and spacing of your upper and lower teeth when you bite. occlusion. Round 4. Category: Everyone Into The Pool! 1: "Swimming World" magazine named him Male World Swimmer of the Year eight times. Michael Phelps. 2: One of the most popular swimming pool games bears the name of this Venetian traveler. Marco Polo. 3: He found relief from his polio swimming in the mineral pools of Warm Springs, Georgia, where he had a little "White House". FDR (Franklin Roosevelt). 4: Once known as water ballet, it became an Olympic sport in 1984. synchronized swimming. 5: You can enjoy some spectacular backdrops from this type of pool, also called a vanishing or negative edge pool. an infinity pool. Round 5. Category: Hits Of The '80s 1: This song by Olivia Newton-John "worked out" to be No. 1 longer than any other song in '81. "Physical". 2: The only #1 pop hit for Kenny Rogers, it has a 1 word title. "Lady". 3: The profits from this Sager/Bacharach Grammy-winning 1986 single go to AIDS research. "That's What Friends Are For". 4: Diana Ross dedicated "Missing You" to this late singer with whom she had 2 Top 40 hits in the '70s. Marvin Gaye. 5: "All Out Of Love", "Lost In Love" and "The One That You Love" were 3 hits by this Aussie group. Air Supply. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

The Deschutes Basin Water Collaborative draws together water users In Central Oregon who are often put in the position of competing for water. Irrigators, fish and wildlife advocates and managers, the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, cities and county residents using groundwater from private wells have been working together for more than 20 years with notable successes. Those include funding and implementing programs that have both preserved water for agriculture and provided for drinking water and fish and wildlife. The collaborative model is different from other kinds of negotiating, like mediation or lawmaking.But the ongoing drought conditions are posing challenges that even those with decades of experience managing water resources have not faced. We talked with those integrally involved with and affected by water supply and water policy in front of an audience in an event space overlooking the Deschutes River. We bring you that conversation today, slightly edited for clarity and brevity, with: Bend Mayor Melanie Kebler and utility director Mike Buettner; Redmond Mayor Ed Fitch; Deschutes County Commissioner Phil Chang;  Bobby Brunoe, CEO for the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and one of the co-chairs of the Deschutes Basin Water Collaborative; Kate Fitzpatrick, executive director of the Deschutes River Conservancy; farmers in two different irrigation districts in the Basin, Phil Fine and Matt Lisignoli; and Tod Heisler, River Advocate with Central Oregon Landwatch. This show is the last in our solution-oriented series funded by the Oregon Community Foundation.

I am thrilled to have Scout G join me for her SIXTH appearance in the Plastic Microphone Studios! Today, we are diving into the fascinating world of the one and only Kathy Bates. Hailing from Memphis, Tennessee, Kathy Bates honed her craft studying theater at Southern Methodist University before making the bold move to New York City to pursue her acting dreams. She started with minor stage roles before making her big break in the film Taking Off (1971). But it was her unforgettable performance as Annie Wilkes in the thriller Misery (1990) that truly solidified her as a powerhouse in the industry, earning her the prestigious Academy Award for Best Actress. Kathy Bates has continued to impress audiences with her talent, receiving Oscar nominations for her roles in Primary Colors, About Schmidt, and Richard Jewell. Not only has she conquered the big screen, but Kathy Bates has also made her mark on television, winning two Emmy Awards for her outstanding performances. Her first Emmy was for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for Two and a Half Men, and her second was for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for American Horror Story: Coven. She has received Emmy nominations for her work in The Late Shift, Annie, Six Feet Under, Warm Springs, Harry's Law, American Horror Story: Freak Show, and American Horror Story: Hotel. Kathy Bates is a true talent, captivating audiences with her versatility and depth as an actress. Join us as we celebrate this incredible woman and her remarkable career! Links on our Profile Page and at www.linktr.ee/hulkboy. Visit & interact on Instagram (www.instagram.com/favefivefromfans), Twitter (www.twitter.com/Fave5FromFans), Facebook (www.facebook.com/FaveFiveFromFans), & our website (www.FaveFiveFromFans.com). Also, check out Plastic Microphone Studios Twitter for more fun!  #FaveFiveFromFans #FFFF #podcast #podcasts #podcasting #KathyBates #AnnieWilkes #PrimaryColors #AboutSchmidt #TheOffice #RichardJewell #TwoandaHalfMen #AmericanHorrorStory #AHS #Coven #TheLateShift --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/fave-five-from-fans/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/fave-five-from-fans/support

Austin Smith Jr. is a Tribal Member and the General Manager for the Branch of Natural Resources with the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. He was part of a multi-person panel called “Face to Face with Oregon's Wolves: Expert Perspectives” at the High Desert Museum in Oregon hosted by Ronan Donovan. Austin detailed his journey growing up on the reservation, the many ecological issues he deals with in his profession, and the influence wolves have had in tribal teachings and on the land in Oregon. @wascosmith_0317Confederated Tribes of Warm SpringsNature Nights: Wild Horses, Wolves, and Other Wildlife of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation@thewolfconnectionpod

Polio was one of the scourges of the 20th century. And it mainly struck children. All of a sudden a person contracted polio and suffered terribly for several days; sometimes they recovered, sometimes they died, and sometimes they were left permanently disabled. The most famous polio victim of all time, Franklin Roosevelt, hid his disability from the public. But this story has a true hero: Jonas Salk, who developed a vaccine which led to the almost complete eradication of this dreaded disease. And Dr. Salk never patented the vaccine or earned any money from his discovery.

Learn more about Paths to Understanding at https://www.PathsToUnderstanding.org Join the Paths Network at https://www.PathsNetwork.org The two basins formed by the Columbia and Snake rivers were once the biggest salmon habitats in the world. But no longer. Just as the native fish population in this once famed region is struggling to survive, what are called the ‘people of the salmon' are also facing major challenges-the Yakama, the Nez Perce, the Umatilla and the Warm Springs tribes. We continue last week's conversation in this episode of Challenge 2.0.

In part one of a two-part interview for The Storyline book series, Dr. Edith Powell, co- author of "A Black Oasis, Tuskegee Institute's Fight Against Infantile Paralysis, 1941-1975," talks with Carolyn Hutcheson of In Focus about Tuskegee, Warm Springs, FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt in the era to find a cure for polio.

Scott Kalama is an enrolled member of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. He works as a certified prevention specialist at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation to mentor youth and raise awareness about the risks associated with drug and alcohol use. Growing up on the reservation, his older brother handed down CDs and mixtapes of Tupac and other hip hop artists which sparked Kalama’s own musical calling and journey. Performing under the name “Blue Flamez,” he raps about life on the reservation, celebrates pride in being Native American and the teachings he learned from tribal elders, while acknowledging how violence and substance use have scarred his family and community. Last month, Kalama was awarded $150,000 for winning a 2024-2026 Fields Artist Fellowship from Oregon Humanities and Oregon Communities Foundation. He joins us in the studio for a performance and to share how he plans to use this fellowship to reach a wider audience. 

Table 34 has been under the Batch Hospitality brand for nearly a year. There is also new ownership at Graze Kitchen, the plant-based joint at South Buffalo and Warm Springs. Al talked to the owners of both establishments about their plans for 2024, from new menus to new restaurants. And, as usual, Al, Gemini and Rich share their recent dining experiences. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Tribal museums are on the forefront of representing Native culture and information accurately and effectively. They also advocate for best practices when it comes to repatriation and proper display of artifacts. As Tribal Museums Day approaches, we'll get a rundown of some museums that are making a difference in their communities. GUESTS Elizabeth Woody (enrolled in the confederated tribes of Warm Springs, Navajo, and Yakama Nation), executive director of The Museum at Warm Springs Shannon Martin (Gun Lake Potawatomi), Tribal Museums Day consultant for the Association on American Indian Affairs Andy Vig (Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community), director of Hoċokata Ṫi Angie Demma, senior curator at the Alaska Native Heritage Center

This week, Clay Jenkinson's conversation with guest host David Horton about three remarkable moments in American history between administrations. First, the tragedy of Meriwether Lewis, who got caught between the outgoing administration of his mentor Thomas Jefferson and the incoming administration of President James Madison, who was no admirer of Lewis. This gap contributed to the nervous collapse of Lewis and probably his suicide in 1809. Then the burden that fell on the shoulders of Vice President Harry S. Truman in April 1945 when FDR died at Warm Springs and Truman learned about the existence of the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project for the first time that day. And finally, the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, and Vice President Lyndon Johnson's attempts to fulfill JFK's agenda on Vietnam, civil rights, and the space program.

BONUS episode featuring my summer of presidential travels as I fit in as many birthplaces, gravesites, homes, and other sites into one history professor's summer break.  The second of three trips, join me as I visit New York State and City, Washington, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, St. Louis, and Arizona!Check out "How I Spent My Summer of Presidential Travels, 2023, Part 1"!Check out "How I Spent My Summer of Presidential Travels, 2023, Part 2"!Links to Previous Episodes Mentioned:Birthplaces"James Garfield and Moreland Hills""William McKinley and Niles""Theodore Roosevelt and Manhattan""Franklin Roosevelt and Hyde Park""Richard Nixon and Yorba Linda"Homes"Thomas Jefferson and Monticello""James Monroe and Highland""Abraham Lincoln and Springfield""Ulysses Grant and Galena""James Garfield and Lawnfield""Chester Alan Arthur and Manhattan""Theodore Roosevelt and Sagamore Hill""Franklin Roosevelt and Warm Springs""Barack Obama and Oahu (and Kalorama)"Check out the website at VisitingthePresidents.com for visual aids, links, past episodes, recommended reading, and other information! Support the showVisit the social media on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram! Get your "Visiting the Presidents" Merchandise at VisitingPresidentsMerch.com!

In today's episode, Confluence takes a look at our education program and how reciprocity appears in education. We'll hear from Heather Gurko, Confluence Education Manager and three Confluence Educators; Cowlitz Tribal member Emma Johnson, who recently earned her masters of science in cultural anthropology from Portland State University; and Christine and Clifton Bruno who have been sharing the Indigenous culture of the Pacific Northwest for more than 25 years. Clifton is a member of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and Christine is Comache, Basque and Irish.

An amazing episode with our very special guest Zach Crist, a multifaceted skier, guide and Sun Valley local. We explore Sun Valley and Ketchum, skiing Bald Mountain and skiing the thousands of acres of backcountry in the three mountain ranges around Sun Valley. After a huge skiing career as a Wold Cup racer, Xgames winner, big mountain skier, and with Warren Miller; Zach became the owner and operator of Sun Valley Guides.  Zach knows the mountain, the backcountry and the area very well. He also knows the history of the area which makes for an interesting view of the resort, the ski school and the surrounding mountains. Find Zach at Sun Valley Guides My Favs Best Hotel - Limelight - new, cool, centrally located and great bar / Sun Valley Lodge has been the standby since the 1880s Best restaurant - The Pioneer, Enoteca, The Duchin Room at the Lodge Best breakfast - Kneadery Best Apres - Roundhouse Best run - Bald Mt - Easter Bowl on Warm Springs - Greyhawk Dont miss - the new chairlifts at Warm Springs, time walking around Ketchum Thank you to the Grits band for the great intro music and to Feedspot for the recognition as one of the top ski podcasts https://blog.feedspot.com/skiing_podcasts/ @Copyright 2023 Morgan Global LLC --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/john--morgan/message

SUPPORT MY WORK through Patreon!Debut novelist and senior advisor to the Library of Congress, Jeffrey Dale Lofton, discusses identity and self-discovery for LGBTQ History Month in October.Jeffrey Dale Lofton is one of the most intriguing voices I've read this year, and  I count his debut among my favorites of 2023. Join us on an inspiring journey as we sit down with Jeffrey Dale Lofton, the talented debut author behind Red Clay Suzie a fictional memoir that delves into the depths of identity, self-discovery, and the journey of growing up as a gay boy in the Deep South. In this intimate conversation, Lofton shares his personal experiences that shaped this remarkable narrative, the challenges of navigating his own identity, and the power of storytelling to bridge understanding, especially in the LGBTQ community.  As a senior advisor to the Library of Congress, Lofton brings a unique perspective to literature and history. Be sure to tune in to the second half of our conversation to discover his top book recommendations for LGBTQ History Month. Don't miss this week's bonus book list-  The Best Books for LGBTQ History Month! This list includes fiction and nonfiction books on queer history. Meet Jeffrey Dale LoftonJeffrey Dale Lofton transitioned from a career in acting to pursue post-graduate studies, earning Master's degrees in Public Administration & Library and Information Science. Currently, he serves as a senior advisor at the Library of Congress, indulging in his love for books.Originally from Warm Springs, Georgia, the author now resides in Washington, DC. Red Clay Suzie is his debut novel and was longlisted for The Center for Fiction 2023 First Novel Prize.Mentioned in this episode:Joining the Patreon community is an affordable way to support the show and gain access to a wealth of resources, including our monthly FULLY BOOKED buzzy new release show, exclusive author interviews, music playlists, and more! 2023 MomAdvice Fall Reading GuideThe Best Books for LGBTQ History Month (BONUS BOOK LIST)Red Clay Suzie by Jeffrey Dale LoftonIn the Wild Light by Jeff ZentnerAnd I Do Not Forgive You by Amber SparksTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper LeeCall Me by Your Name by Andre AcimanThe Serpent King by Jeff ZentnerThe Best Libby App Tips & TricksThe Honeys by Ryan La SalaPete Cross, Audio Book NarratorThe Born This Way FoundationThe Trevor ProjectLGBTQ History MonthHow to Survive A Plague by David FranceMy Government Means to Kill Me by Rasheed NewsonRasheed Newson't Debut Novel Retells the Early Years of AIDS in New York CityThe Other Pandemic by Lynn CurleeShort Film Starring My Beloved's Red Bronco by K. IverWho is This Grief For?The Center for Fiction 2023 First Novel Prize LonglistThis post contains affiliate links. Shop the above (Amazon) links or through my Book Gang Bookshop Page!! They pay a 10% commission on every sale and match 10% to independent bookstores. Connect With Us:Connect with Jeffrey on Instagram or his WebsiteConnect with Amy on Instagram, on TikTok, or MomAdviceJoin the MomAdvice Book ClubShop Our Bookish Shirts to support the showBuy Me a Coffee (for a one-time donation) 

A conflict over fishing access has some of Oregon’s federally recognized tribes at odds with both each other and the state’s Fish & Wildlife Commission. The commission voted last month to allow the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde to issue hunting and fishing licenses to its own members. It’s approved similar agreements with four other tribes, but the wording of Grand Ronde’s agreement has members of the Yakama, Warm Springs, Nez Perce and Umatilla tribes worried that they could lose access to fishing at Willamette Falls.  Joining us to explain what’s at stake and what comes next are Karina Brown, managing editor of Underscore News, and Nika Bartoo-Smith, a joint reporter for Underscore and ICT. 

David and Rachel discuss Jonas Salk and the development of the polio vaccine, which has largely eradicated polio globally. Trigger warning for Rachel rants on the importance of vaccinations.

Jordanna Anawalt is an enrolled Hupa descending from the Hoopa Valley Tribe of Northern California. She acknowledges that the beautiful Central Oregon land that she currently resides and works upon is the original homelands of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs who ceded the land in the Treaty of 1855.Jordanna works as a Congruent Communication Coach with humans and horses, a Medicine Drum Dreaming Guide, an artist, a story holder, and a communication channel for those without spoken language. She is the creator of Equine Experiential InnerStanding™ and the specialization of CHOICE Horsemanship™. Her work focuses on guiding humans and horses to oneness by revitalizing indigenous approaches to live in harmony with the natural world. From her earliest memories, Jordanna was tuned in to the whispers of the natural world and is a lifelong student of the teachings of the 7-Directions as well as the symbolism contained within The Dreaming. During an out of body experience when she was an adolescent, a being appeared and offered her the following insight: "In every moment, you have a choice. You can choose to live in a story that is created by what's happening to you; or you can choose to live in a story where you are the creator of events. Your experience is simply your choice." Jordanna carried this spiritual guidance as a compass into adulthood and in 2018, one of her school horses spoke and told her a story of the direct correlation between global well-being and humankind's relationship with both the horse―domestication to present―and the natural world―hunter-gather society to present. This communication was a choice-point in Jordanna's journey, and it initiated an immersive walk alongside Horse to explore and experience the synonymous character and spirit in which both horses and indigenous cultures live their lives: aware and attuned to nature's inherent design of cooperation and congruence. Jordanna traveled to Western Australia, Indonesia, and Hawaii where she was a student of the land and several Medicine Keepers who gifted her the remembering of the Horse as a representation of Nature. When she returned to the PNW, she held a strongly rooted understanding of the need to cultivate a community connection space where the approach to holistic well-being was inspirited by indigenous wisdoms and inspired by the Medicine Horse and her way of life. She made a choice to create what was being called forward and CHOICE Tribe was born. CHOICE Tribe was founded in 2019 out of a deep admiration and reverence for the Horse alongside Jordanna's indigenous heritage―Hupa―which honors the inextricable connection between the natural world and spirit plane. The programs CHOICE Tribe presents to the world are an embodiment of the original knowing that there is no separation between Nature and the People, because we are Nature.www.choicetribe.comBecome a Patreon Member today! Get access to podcast bonus segments, ask questions to podcast guests, and even suggest future podcast guests while supporting Warwick: https://www.patreon.com/journeyonpodcastWarwick has over 650 Online Training Videos that are designed to create a relaxed, connected, and skilled equine partner. Start your horse training journey today!https://videos.warwickschiller.com/Check us out on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WarwickschillerfanpageWatch hundreds of free Youtube Videos: https://www.youtube.com/warwickschillerFollow us on Instagram: @warwickschiller

A new Oregon law will allow health facilities to return amputated body parts to patients for cultural, traditional and spiritual reasons. For some members of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, and others, the practice is necessary to ensure a smooth transition to the spirit world. Shilo Tippett is the manager of caregiver inclusion and experience at St. Charles Health System. Wilson Wewa is an oral historian and spiritual leader with the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. They join us with more details on the new law and what it will mean for patient care.

In the first half-hour, Tiokasin speaks with Elizabeth Woody (Warm Springs, Yakama and Diné), executive director since 2018 of The Museum at Warm Springs in Warm Springs, Oregon. The Museum opened its doors to the public on March 14, 1993 and is celebrating its 30th anniversary throughout 2023 with special exhibits, public programs and events. Built to Smithsonian Institution professional standards, The Museum's mission is to preserve, advance and share the traditions, cultural and artistic heritage of The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Oregon. Elizabeth is an internationally renowned poet, author, essayist and visual artist. She is also an educator, mentor, collaborator and community leader. In 2016, Elizabeth became the first Native American to be named Oregon's Poet Laureate. Find out more about The Museum at Warm Springs at museumatwarmsprings.org In the second half-hour, Tiokasin talks with Charles Lyons and Christian Poirier about Charles' July 11, 2023 article for the environmental news site Mongabay, titled “Six months on, the Yanomami crisis continues amid rising violence.” The article was produced with funding from Earth Journalism Network. Charles, who is based in Rio de Janeiro, is a multimedia journalist and filmmaker. He is currently making a documentary film about former U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. He is senior consultant for Amazon Aid Foundation. Last year, Charles produced coverage of the 2022 Brazilian election for PBS NewsHour, which included two long-form reports –– one on deforestation in the Amazon; the other on Indigenous rights. Prior to that, he received an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant to produce and edit coverage of the pandemic in Brazil, also for PBS NewsHour. He is currently writing a series of articles on illegal gold mining in Amazonian countries for Mongabay. Christian Poirier is a senior member of Amazon Watch's team. Having coordinated the Brazil Program since 2009, Christian helped lead international solidarity campaigns to halt the construction of large Amazon dams and to call on the global private sector to cease its complicity in environmental destruction and human rights abuses in the Amazon. He has more than 20 years of experience in the fields of international development and advocacy, focusing on environmental, agrarian, and social justice issues. Read Charles' article at https://bit.ly/43wEXJ8 Production Credits: Tiokasin Ghosthorse (Lakota), Host and Executive Producer Liz Hill (Red Lake Ojibwe), Producer Karen Ramirez (Mayan), Studio Engineer, Radio Kingston Tiokasin Ghosthorse, Audio Editor Kevin Richardson, Podcast Editor Music Selections: 1. Song Title: Tahi Roots Mix (First Voices Radio Theme Song) Artist: Moana and the Moa Hunters Album: Tahi (1993) Label: Southside Records (Australia and New Zealand) (00:00:22) 2. Song Title: Joy'All Artist: Jenny Lewis Album: Joy'All (2023) Label: Blue Note/Capitol (00:28:39) 3. Song Title: Mad World Artist: Michael Andrews feat. Gary Jules Album: Trading Snakeoil for Wolftickets (2001) Label: Down Up Down Music (00:56:20) AKANTU INTELLIGENCE Visit Akantu Intelligence, an institute that Tiokasin founded with a mission of contextualizing original wisdom for troubled times. Go to https://akantuintelligence.org to find out more and consider joining his Patreon page at https://www.patreon.com/Ghosthorse 

Whether it's the frozen Alaska tundra or the hot, arid expanse of the Navajo Nation, tribal law enforcement officials, helped out by dedicated volunteers, make up search and rescue systems ready to deploy in a moment's notice. They have an array of tools, ranging from trained dogs to drones to try and find people reported missing and bring them home safe. We'll hear from search and rescue professionals about how the methods and technology they use. GUESTS Dan Martinez (Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs), tribal emergency manager Alanna Wright (Yurok and Hupa), senior paralegal and special tribal criminal jurisdiction coordinator for the Yurok Tribe Caleb Landers, deployment manager and K9 handler at Quapaw Nation Emergency Management  Hugh Murray, K9 handler

When the gates on The Dalles Dam closed in 1957, Celilo Falls was flooded and a vital salmon fishery for Yakama and Warm Springs tribal people was forever changed. Warm Springs Tribal Elder Linda Meanus was a young girl at the time, being raised by her grandparents, Flora Thompson and Chief Tommy Thompson, in nearby Celilo Village. In that bustling community along the Columbia River where salmon provided sustenance and a way of life, she learned about the importance of first foods, and gained an abiding reverence for her Indigenous culture and language. More than six decades later, Meanus has written “My Name is LaMoosh,” a chronicle of her early life in Celilo Village and a tribute to the legacy of her grandmother to whom the book is dedicated. Meanus joins us to talk about her new book which was published by OSU Press in collaboration with Confluence and historian Katy Barber. 

Jane Alexander is an actress, writer, and conservationist. She chaired the National Endowment for the Art from 1993-1997. A Tony Award winner and member of the Theatre Hall of Fame, Alexander has performed in more than a hundred plays. Her long film career includes four Academy Award nominations, for The Great White Hope, All The President's Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, and Testament. She has been honored with two Emmys, for Playing for Time and Warm Springs. Alexander was a Trustee of the Wildlife Conservation Society, a board member of the American Bird Conservancy, the American Birding Association, and a Commissioner of New York State Parks. She sits on the board of the National Audubon Society, the Global Advisory Group of Bird Life International, and the Conservation Council of Panthera. In 2012 the Indianapolis Prize inaugurated the Jane Alexander Global Wildlife Ambassador Award, with Alexander as its first recipient.· www.creativeprocess.info

Jane Alexander is an actress, writer, and conservationist. She chaired the National Endowment for the Art from 1993-1997. A Tony Award winner and member of the Theatre Hall of Fame, Alexander has performed in more than a hundred plays. Her long film career includes four Academy Award nominations, for The Great White Hope, All The President's Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, and Testament. She has been honored with two Emmys, for Playing for Time and Warm Springs. Alexander was a Trustee of the Wildlife Conservation Society, a board member of the American Bird Conservancy, the American Birding Association, and a Commissioner of New York State Parks. She sits on the board of the National Audubon Society, the Global Advisory Group of Bird Life International, and the Conservation Council of Panthera. In 2012 the Indianapolis Prize inaugurated the Jane Alexander Global Wildlife Ambassador Award, with Alexander as its first recipient.· www.creativeprocess.info

Jane Alexander is an actress, writer, and conservationist. She chaired the National Endowment for the Art from 1993-1997. A Tony Award winner and member of the Theatre Hall of Fame, Alexander has performed in more than a hundred plays. Her long film career includes four Academy Award nominations, for The Great White Hope, All The President's Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, and Testament. She has been honored with two Emmys, for Playing for Time and Warm Springs. Alexander was a Trustee of the Wildlife Conservation Society, a board member of the American Bird Conservancy, the American Birding Association, and a Commissioner of New York State Parks. She sits on the board of the National Audubon Society, the Global Advisory Group of Bird Life International, and the Conservation Council of Panthera. In 2012 the Indianapolis Prize inaugurated the Jane Alexander Global Wildlife Ambassador Award, with Alexander as its first recipient.· www.creativeprocess.info

In March 1993, The Museum at Warm Springs opened its doors, becoming the first Tribal museum in the state of Oregon and changing the way institutions represent the Native American historic and cultural record. Today, the museum boasts an extensive collection of artifacts, artwork, photographs and heirlooms that the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs started acquiring more than five decades ago from Tribal members and families. It also provides a space to showcase temporary exhibits and contemporary work, such as an “An Eye for the Rez,” a retrospective of Warm Springs Tribal member and photographer Edward Heath currently on display as part of the programming to celebrate the museum's 30th anniversary. Joining us to talk about the museum's legacy and share her vision for its future is Elizabeth Woody, executive director of The Museum at Warm Springs and a former Oregon Poet Laureate. But first, we hear from Central Oregon Bureau Chief Emily Cureton Cook who recently paid a visit to the museum to learn about its enduring cultural impact. Warm Springs Community Radio K-W-S-O provided archival recordings for this radio story, and KWSO journalist Will Robbins contributed to the reporting.